cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selection for the parthenogenetic trait in Chinese Painted Quail (Coturnix chinensis) affects hatchability parameters

Poultry are capable of laying unfertilized eggs in which embryonic development occurs; this phenomenon is called parthenogenesis. Through genetic selection, the incidence of parthenogenesis in virgin Chinese Painted Quail hens can be increased. However, it is unknown if selection for this trait affects hatchability of fertilized eggs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if genetic selection for parthenogenesis in virgin Chinese Painted Quail affects hatchability of mated hens. At 4 wk of age, females were separated from males and individually caged. Daily, eggs were collected, labeled, and stored from 0 to 3 d at 20°C then incubated at 37.5°C. At d 10 of incubation, eggs from virgin hens were broken out to determine the incidence of parthenogenesis. After the incidence of parthenogenesis in virgin hens was determined, hens were selected for mating. Eggs from the parent stock and generations 1 through 7 that did not hatch were examined for stage of hatching failure and categorized as infertile or possible parthenogens as well as early, middle, and late embryonic mortality. For hatch of set and hatch of fertile eggs, generation 1 hatched the greatest percentage of eggs compared with the other generations. Also, as the generation of selection increased, there was a linear decline in the percentage of eggs hatched for both hatch of set and hatch of fertile eggs. Additionally, generation 2 had the highest percentage of infertile eggs. There was a linear increase as generation of selection increased for both the percentage of eggs exhibiting possible parthenogens and early embryonic mortality. Unlike early embryonic mortality, the parent generation had the greatest percentage of embryos die in both the middle and late stage of incubation. In conclusion, it appears that selecting Chinese Painted Quail for the parthenogenetic trait impairs hatchability when hens are mated.
A Complete Analytical Description of Few Cycle Focused Laser Pulses

An exact, analytical laser field model is developed for focused laser pulses, allowing for all pulse durations and spot sizes from infinite, paraxial beams to single cycle, wavelength size spots.
Preservice Teachers’ Perspectives of the Emphasis on Stewardship from Their Initial Teacher Preparation

The stewardship of schools is central to the renewal and preservation of that which is precious in our nation's schools. This study examined perceptions of future teachers as to the degree to which their teacher preparation program emphasized the idea of stewarding schools. In addition this article outlines specific emerging aspects of the stewardship construct that can be integrated into teacher education curricula. With a theoretical foundation that initial teacher preparation provides the foundation for teacher beliefs and practices, gaining insight how teacher preparation emphasizes the stewardship of schools provides a better understanding of the current milieu in schools. Results of this study and follow-up research will allow for a fuller discussion around the stewardship of schools and will inform those who prepare teachers to work in our nation's schools.
Formaldehyde-Induced Fluorescence as a Means for Differentiating Epinephrine Cells from Norepinephrine Cells in Adrenal Medulla

The Falck and Hi Harp technique for the cellular localization of catecholamines by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was applied to rat, mouse, and Syrian hamster adrenal. Some medullary cells revealed an unexpected orange-brown fluorescence. In guinea pig or rabbit adrenals, which store predominantly epinephrine, orange-brown fluorescence was not readily observed. It was found in Syrian hamsters only at the medullary periphery, where norepinephrine-producing cells are known to occur. Orange-brown fluorescence was depleted by administration of reserpine and intensified by nialamide plus DOPA. The same cell clusters which stained specifically for norepinephrine with ferric ferricyanide were found in adjacent sections to exhibit orange-brown fluorescence. Only by reducing the temperature of the formaldehyde reaction could sections of hamster adrenal showing only yellow-green fluorescence be obtained. These data suggest that the orange-brown fluorescence might result from' polymerization, oxidation, or both,...
Quantifying over propositions in relevance logic: nonaxiomatisability of primary interpretations of ∀p and ∃p

A typical approach to semantics for relevance (and other) logics: specify a class of algebraic structures and take a model to be one of these structures, α, together with some function or relation which associates with every formula A a subset of α. (This is the approach of, among others, Urquhart, Routley and Meyer and Fine.) In some cases there are restrictions on the class of subsets of α with which a formula can be associated: for example, in the semantics of Routley and Meyer [1973], a formula can only be associated with subsets which are closed upwards. It is natural to take a proposition of α to be such a subset of α, and, further, to take the propositional quantifiers to range over these propositions. (Routley and Meyer [1973] explicitly consider this interpretation.) Given such an algebraic semantics, we call (following Routley and Meyer [1973], who follow Henkin [1950]) the above-described interpretation of the quantifiers the primary interpretation associated with the semantics.
Vascular masses of the head and neck

The classification, clinical presentation, natural history and imaging appearances of vascular masses of the head and neck are reviewed. The radiological appearances of congenital vascular masses (infantile haemangiomas and other congenital vascular tumours, high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations), acquired vascular masses (benign and malignant tumours, non-neoplastic lesions) and other hypervascular masses are described and illustrated, together with consideration of image-guided interventions.
The effects of substrate surface structure on yttria-stabilized zirconia thin films

Abstract Thin film properties can be controlled to a large degree by the substrate upon which the film is grown. The substrate surface can affect the film's crystal phase and microstructure and, thereby, many other properties. In this study, yttria-stabilized zirconia films on single crystal MgO and Al2O3 substrates with polished, ion cleaned, or milled surfaces were studied. The different substrate surfaces influenced the thin films’ microstructures and ionic conductivities. The increased roughness of the milled surfaces led to significant decreases in both the crystallinity and the ionic conductivity of the films. Ion cleaning of the substrate surface immediately before deposition did not affect the conductivity of films on MgO substrates but led to conductivity reductions by a factor of about 4 on sapphire substrates.
Color measurement methods for medical displays

— The effect of different measurement methods on the characterization of display color, maximum color difference, and luminance uniformity of medical liquid-crystal displays are reported. We use a telescopic colorimeter and a custom-designed collimated probe with an internal lens attached to a spectrometer. The maximum color-difference variations were found to be between 0.0047 to 0.0073, in the same range as variations among methods, displays, and screen locations.
Comparison of analog and digital strategies for automatic vibration control of lightweight space structures

A series of structural vibration control experiments and related theory are developed to check the effectiveness of analog and digital control system with piezoelectric material sensors and actuators. Velocity feedback analog control has been tried for the cantilever beam with PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate) wafer sensors and actuators. To improve the control system, steady- state quadratic optimal control algorithm using a digital micro-computer has been used. To apply optimal control algorithms, signals sensed by partially distributed sensors were converted to point concept signals like those from conventional displacement or velocity sensors. Actuating voltage signals were then synthesized from point force output signals. This paper presents excellent results for structural vibration control using both analog and digital systems.
P02-21 - Somatic symptoms and high-sensitive C-reactive protein in major depression

Aim High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been used to assess low-grade immune system activation. In a population-based cohort hs-CRP was associated with functional somatic symptoms (SS), particularly with general and musculoskeletal functional SS clusters. Immune system dysregulation has also been reported in depression that is frequently associated to a high burden of SS. We investigated the correlation between hs-PCR and SS in depressed patients. Methods 123 outpatients (M/F = 58/65; mean age 48,6 ± 14,8) during a Major Depressive Episode were recruited at the Institute of Psychiatry of the Catholic University in Rome. Severity of depression was assessed with the HAM-D scale. The somatization factor of the HAM-D (somatic anxiety, gastrointestinal symptoms, general somatic symptoms, hypochondria, weight loss) measured SS burden. A blood sample was collected to determine hs-CRP. Results Hs-CRP and depression severity were not correlated, while hs-CRP and SS were (r = -0,27; p = 0,001). Patients with higher (> 3) somatizazion factor had significantly lower hs-PCR values compared to patients with lower (≤3) somatization factor (2,47 mg/L ± 4.77 vs. 3.20 mg/L ± 4.44; p = 0,026). Conclusions In contrast with the hypothesized cytokine involvement in somatic features of sickness behavior, higher somatic burden correlates with lower immune activation. The role of sickness behavior in experiencing SS and hs-CRP's use as valid indicator of cytokine production remain uncertain. Further studies are necessary, also to explore the relationship between HPA axis dysregulation and immune activation, possibly relevant to the interpretation of our results.
Revisiting the Rosenbrock numerical solutions of the reactor point kinetics equation with numerous examples

The fourth order Rosenbrock method with an automatic step size control feature was described and applied to solve the reactor point kinetics equations. A FORTRAN 90 program was developed to test the computational speed and algorithm accuracy. From the results of various benchmark tests with different types of reactivity insertions, the Rosenbrock method shows high accuracy, high efficiency and stable character of the solution.
Urban diversity and fiscal decentralization

Abstract This paper models national diversity in the range of products as corresponding to diversity in the types of cities in the economy. In exploring the link between urbanization and national economies of scope, the major concern in this paper is regulation and the (in)efficiency of unregulated monopolistic competition. Under what conditions does a first best solution require national vs. only local regulation? Does national intervention help or hurt? What instruments of regulation are required for efficiency? Cities of course are in the business of regulating population and numbers of firms through zoning and licensing. They also offer de facto discretionary lump-sum subsidies, through negotiations on tax assessments, tax holidays, and provision of industrial park facilities. Such regulations and subsidies can be both desired by city residents and Pareto-improving for the whole economy.
O3, CO, Hydrocarbons and dimethyl sulfide over the Western Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The concentrations of O 3 , CO, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and light hydrocarbons (C 2 –C 4 ) were measured from an instrumented aircraft during February–April 1985, near the U.S. East Coast and in the vicinity of Bermuda as part of the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment (WATOX). Sampling flights were performed within the boundary layer (BL) and in the free troposphere (FT) at both locations. Photochemical generation of O 3 in polluted air parcels transported from the continent within the BL was identified as the probable source of excess O 3 (up to 50 ppbv above background). Convective lifting of boundary layer air carried pollutants into the free troposphere. The concentrations of HC compounds in air sampled near Bermuda had a significant inverse relation to air mass transport time from the continent. The BL concentrations of the more reactive HCs (ethylene, propane, propylene, normal- and isobutane) declined faster than the less reactive HCs (acetylene and ethane), and were found to be proportional to air mass transport time over the ocean. DMS was detected, with few exceptions, only within the BL at both sampling locations. The average concentrations in the BL samples collected near the U.S. East Coast and in the vicinity of Bermuda were 27 and 54 pptv. In all samples taken in the BL the DMS concentration decreased sharply as a function of altitude.
On selection of proper IEEE 802.16-based standard for Aeronautical Mobile Airport surface Communications (AeroMACS) application

A new aviation-specific transmission technology based on the WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) IEEE 802.16e-based standard; over a newly available C-band allocation (5091–5150 MHz), has been recently recommended for the airport surface wireless communications network now known as Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS). The proposed standards will be used to support fixed and mobile ground to ground applications and services. It has been established that no technical obstacle exists that would prevent the application of WiMAX networks to AeroMACS. In this article WiMAX networks and some of their salient features are briefly reviewed. The challenges of broadband radio communications through airport surface channels are discussed. A major concern about deployment of AeroMACS over the 5091–5150 MHz band is interference to co-allocated applications such as the Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) feeder link. This limits the power levels that are allowed for AeroMACS networks. We propose an investigation into the feasibility of the application of IEEE 802.16j Amendment (relay-based multi-hop network) to AeroMACS. The potential benefits of multihop relay configuration for AeroMACS networks are identified. Perhaps the most relevant benefit of the multihop relay configuration to AeroMACS is the flexible and cost effective radio range extension that it provides for airport areas shadowed by large constructions and natural obstacles without raising the required network power levels.
Replication timing and transcriptional control: beyond cause and effect

In general, transcriptionally active euchromatin replicates during the first half of S phase, whereas silent heterochromatin replicates during the second half. Moreover, changes in replication timing accompany key stages of development. Although there is not a strict correlation between replication timing and transcription per se, recent results reveal a strong relationship between heritably repressed chromatin and late replication that is conserved in all eukaryotes. A long-standing question is whether replication timing dictates the structure of chromatin or vice versa. Mounting evidence supports a model in which replication timing is both cause and consequence of chromatin structure by providing a means to inherit chromatin states that, in turn, regulate replication timing in the subsequent cell cycle. Moreover, new findings relating aberrations in replication timing to defects in centromere function, chromosome cohesion and genome instability suggest that the role of replication timing extends beyond its relationship to transcription. Novel systems in both yeasts and mammals are finally beginning to reveal some of the determinants that regulate replication timing, which should pave the way for a long-anticipated molecular dissection of this complex liaison.
Pharmacokinetic determinants of cocaine's differential effects on locomotor and operant behavior.

Abstract Dose–response, effect–time and concentration–effect relations of intravenous cocaine (1–4 mg/kg) were investigated on contingency-controlled [fixed-ratio (FR) 70 performance] and unconditioned (locomotor activity) behaviors. Cocaine dose–response curves exhibited decreasing rates of response under the FR 70 schedule but increasing locomotor activity in a dose-related fashion. Effect–time profiles confirmed that these changes were time-dependent and provided additional clarity by mirroring the biexponential decay of cocaine concentrations with time. The duration of action of cocaine was comparatively shorter on locomotor activity than on FR performance. We integrated effect–time profiles of the two behaviors with concentration–time profiles simulated from our previously published pharmacokinetic parameters to derive cocaine's pharmacodynamic parameters. Classical inhibitory Emax and sigmoidal Emax models were used to describe cocaine's effects on FR performance and locomotor activity, respectively. Simultaneous pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling reveals evidence of acute tolerance to cocaine in locomotor activity, as indicated by decreasing potency with dose, but not in contingency-controlled behavior.
Establishing a patient navigator program to reduce cancer disparities in the American Indian communities of Western South Dakota: initial observations and results.

Background American Indians (AIs) in the Northern Plains region suffer disproportionately high cancer mortality rates compared with the general US population and with AIs from other regions in the United States. Methods The National Cancer Institute developed the Cancer Disparity Research Partnership to address these inequities. This initiative in Rapid City, South Dakota, attempts to lower cancer mortality rates for AIs by access to innovative clinical trials, behavioral research, and a genetic study. Patient navigation is a critical part of the program. Two navigation strategies are described: navigators at the cancer center and navigators on each reservation. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine if navigated patients (n = 42) undergoing potentially curative radiotherapy had fewer treatment interruptions compared with nonnavigated patients (n = 74). Results A total of 213 AIs with cancer have undergone patient navigation. For those undergoing cancer treatment, the median number of patient navigation interactions was 15 (range 1 to 95), whereas for those seen in follow-up after their cancer treatment, the median number of contacts was 4 (range 1 to 26). AIs who received navigation services during curative radiation treatment had on average 3 fewer days of treatment interruptions compared to AIs who did not receive navigation services during curative radiation treatment (P = .002, N = 116). Conclusions Early findings suggest that patient navigation is a critical component in addressing cancer disparities in this population. The program has established trust with individual cancer patients, with the tribal councils, and with the general population on each of the three reservations of western South Dakota.
DMS and SO2 measurements in the tropical marine boundary layer

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratios were measured in the boundary layer on Oahu, Hawaii in April and May 2000. Average DMS and SO2 levels were 22 ± 7 (n = 488) pmol/mol and 23 ± 7 (n = 471) pmol/mol respectively. Anti-correlated DMS and SO2 diurnal cycles, consistent with DMS + OH oxidation were observed on most days. Photochemical box model simulations suggest that the yield of SO2 and total SO2 sink are ∼85% and ∼2 × 104 molec cm− 3 s− 1 respectively. On several days the rate of decrease in DMS and increase in SO2 levels in the early morning were larger that predicted by the model. Dynamical and chemical causes for the anomalous early morning data are explored.
Dalfampridine: A Medication to Improve Walking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE:To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of dalfampridine.DATA SOURCES:A search of PubMed (1966-March 2012) was conducted using the words dalfampridine and Ampyra. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were reviewed to identify additional references.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All identified studies published in English involving the efficacy and safety of dalfampridine were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESIS:Dalfampridine (Ampyra) is a broad-spectrum potassium channel blocker that is indicated as a treatment to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine is the only medication approved for this indication. Efficacy has been demonstrated in 2 Phase 3 trials involving patients with MS. Dalfampridine 10 mg twice daily improved walking, as shown by a higher proportion of timed walk responders in the dalfampridine-treated group (42.9% and 35%) versus the placebo-treated group (9.3% and 8%) during the 2 studies (p < 0.001). The maximum recommended dos...
Compensating substrate-induced bianisotropy in optical metamaterials using ultrathin superstrate coatings

In this work, we propose an efficient approach to compensate for the commonly observed substrate-induced bianisotropy that occurs in on-wafer optical metamaterials at normal incidence. First, the consequence of placing a finite thickness substrate underneath a metamaterial is analyzed, indicating that the induced bianisotropy is a near-field effect. The properties of metamaterials sandwiched between an infinitely thick substrate and a finite-thickness superstrate with different permittivity and thickness values are then investigated. It is demonstrated from full-wave simulations that by adding an ultrathin superstrate with a judicious choice of its thickness and permittivity value, the substrate-induced bianisotropy of the system can be suppressed and even eliminated. In addition to the extracted nonlocal effective medium parameters, the induced electric and magnetic dipole moments calculated from the volumetric microscopic fields are also presented, validating that the magnetoelectric coupling compensation is a real physical phenomenon. This study will benefit future optical metamaterial design and implementation strategies as well as the corresponding fabrication and characterization methodologies.
Diplopedia imagined: Building state's diplomacy wiki

Considerable interest has been directed by the Obama Administration in harnessing Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis, social media and cloud computing to overhaul the business of government. Addressed here is the account of an enterprise wiki at the U.S. State Department. That wiki, Diplopedia is currently employed by the State's employees to share subject matter knowledge related to the process of diplomacy. Contained herein is an account of how Diplopedia was conceived and became a functional system for knowledge sharing at the Department of State (DoS).
Control of Structural Refinement and Composition in Al-MoO3 Nanocomposites Prepared by Arrested Reactive Milling

Al-MoO3 nanocomposites were synthesized by arrested reactive milling (ARM) using powders of Al and MoO3 as starting materials. Varying milling parameters lead to different scales of structural refinement in the nanocomposites. The objective of this work was to determine the range in which the degree of structural refinement can be changed in a controlled manner. The effect of structural refinement on the characteristics of these reactive nanocomposites was further investigated. The milling intensity was controlled by using different milling media along with varying amounts of process control agent (PCA). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and wire-ignition tests were performed to analyze the Al-MoO3 nanocomposites. Results indicate that the crystallite size decreased with increase in the milling intensity. However, increase in milling intensity also results in undesirable partial reaction between starting materials. Milling conditions resulting in the highest structural refinement and minimized partial reaction were identified. It was found that materials synthesized under the identified optimum conditions ignited at lowest temperature.
An integration of neural learning and rule-based systems to mechanical assemblies

A system that integrates design and planning for mechanical assemblies is presented. The system integrates neural network computing that captures the designer's design concept and rule-based system to generate a task-level assembly plan automatically. The design concept is expressed by a standard pattern format representing qualitative assembly information. A neural network model together with a feature-based model translates the input pattern into a preliminary boundary representation (B-rep). Based on a refinement B-rep assembly representation, assembly plans are generated for practical use in a single-robot assembly workcell. A feasible assembly plan that minimizes tool changes and subassembly reorientations is generated from the system. >
p73 Loss Triggers Conversion to Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reversible upon Reconstitution with TAp73α

The expression level of the p53 family member, p73, is frequently deregulated in human epithelial cancers, correlating with tumor invasiveness, therapeutic resistance, and poor patient prognosis. However, the question remains whether p73 contributes directly to the process of malignant conversion or whether aberrant p73 expression represents a later selective event to maintain tumor viability. We explored the role of p73 in malignant conversion in a clonal model of epidermal carcinogenesis. Whether sporadic or small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced, loss of p73 in initiated p53 +/+ keratinocytes leads to loss of cellular responsiveness to DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR) and conversion to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Reconstitution of TAp73α but not ΔNp73α reduced tumorigenicity in vivo , but did not restore cellular sensitivity to IR, uncoupling p73-mediated DNA damage response from its tumor-suppressive role. These studies provide direct evidence that loss of p73 can contribute to malignant conversion and support a role for TAp73α in tumor suppression of SCC. The results support the activation of TAp73α as a rational mechanism for cancer therapy in solid tumors of the epithelium. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7723–30]
S4 Movement in a Mammalian HCN Channel

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels (HCN) mediate an inward cation current that contributes to spontaneous rhythmic firing activity in the heart and the brain. HCN channels share sequence homology with depolarization-activated Kv channels, including six transmembrane domains and a positively charged S4 segment. S4 has been shown to function as the voltage sensor and to undergo a voltage-dependent movement in the Shaker K+ channel (a Kv channel) and in the spHCN channel (an HCN channel from sea urchin). However, it is still unknown whether S4 undergoes a similar movement in mammalian HCN channels. In this study, we used cysteine accessibility to determine whether there is voltage-dependent S4 movement in a mammalian HCN1 channel. Six cysteine mutations (R247C, T249C, I251C, S253C, L254C, and S261C) were used to assess S4 movement of the heterologously expressed HCN1 channel in Xenopus oocytes. We found a state-dependent accessibility for four S4 residues: T249C and S253C from the extracellular solution, and L254C and S261C from the internal solution. We conclude that S4 moves in a voltage-dependent manner in HCN1 channels, similar to its movement in the spHCN channel. This S4 movement suggests that the role of S4 as a voltage sensor is conserved in HCN channels. In addition, to determine the reason for the different cAMP modulation and the different voltage range of activation in spHCN channels compared with HCN1 channels, we constructed a COOH-terminal–deleted spHCN. This channel appeared to be similar to a COOH-terminal–deleted HCN1 channel, suggesting that the main functional differences between spHCN and HCN1 channels are due to differences in their COOH termini or in the interaction between the COOH terminus and the rest of the channel protein in spHCN channels compared with HCN1 channels.
ROC study of the effect of stereoscopic imaging on assessment of breast lesions.

An observer performance study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of assessing breast lesion characteristics with stereomammography. Stereoscopic image pairs of 158 breast biopsy tissue specimens were acquired with a GE Senographe 2000D full field digital mammography system using a 1.8 × magnification geometry. A phantom-shift method equivalent to a stereo shift angle of ± 3 ° relative to a central axis perpendicular to the detector was used. For each specimen, two pairs of stereo images were taken at approximately orthogonal orientations. The specimens contained either a mass, microcalcifications, both, or normal tissue. Based on pathological analysis, 39.9% of the specimens were found to contain malignancy. The digital specimen radiographs were displayed on a high resolution MegaScan CRT monitor driven by a DOME stereo display board using in-house developed software. Five MQSA radiologists participated as observers. Each observer read the 316 specimen stereo image pairs in a randomized order. For each case, the observer first read the monoscopic image and entered his/her confidence ratings on the presence of microcalcifications and/or masses, margin status, BI-RADS assessment, and the likelihood of malignancy. The corresponding stereoscopic images were then displayed on the same monitor and were viewed through stereoscopic LCD glasses. The observer was free to change the ratings in every category after stereoscopic reading. The ratings of the observers were analyzed by ROC methodology. For the 5 MQSA radiologists, the average A z value for estimation of the likelihood of malignancy of the lesions improved from 0.70 for monoscopic reading to 0.72 ( p = 0.04 ) after stereoscopic reading, and the average A z value for the presence of microcalcifications improved from 0.95 to 0.96 ( p = 0.02 ) . The A z value for the presence of masses improved from 0.80 to 0.82 after stereoscopic reading, but the difference fell short of statistical significance ( p = 0.08 ) . The visual assessment of margin clearance was found to have very low correlation with microscopic analysis with or without stereoscopic reading. This study demonstrates the potential of using stereomammography to improve the detection and characterization of mammographic lesions.
A mass spectrometry-based method to screen for α-amidated peptides

Amidation is a post-translational modification found at the C-terminus of ~50% of all neuropeptide hormones. Cleavage of the C(α)-N bond of a C-terminal glycine yields the α-amidated peptide in a reaction catalyzed by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The mass of an α-amidated peptide decreases by 58 Da relative to its precursor. The amino acid sequences of an α-amidated peptide and its precursor differ only by the C-terminal glycine meaning that the peptides exhibit similar RP-HPLC properties and tandem mass spectral (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Growth of cultured cells in the presence of a PAM inhibitor ensured the coexistence of α-amidated peptides and their precursors. A strategy was developed for precursor and α-amidated peptide pairing (PAPP): LC-MS/MS data of peptide extracts were scanned for peptide pairs that differed by 58 Da in mass, but had similar RP-HPLC retention times. The resulting peptide pairs were validated by checking for similar fragmentation patterns in their MS/MS data prior to identification by database searching or manual interpretation. This approach significantly reduced the number of spectra requiring interpretation, decreasing the computing time required for database searching and enabling manual interpretation of unidentified spectra. Reported here are the α-amidated peptides identified from AtT-20 cells using the PAPP method.
Predicting L-band Microwave Attenuation through Forest Canopy using Directional Structuring Elements and Airborne Lidar

The L-band signals broadcast by GPS satellites are attenuated by vegetation, making it problematic, if not impossible, to predict the performance of the system in forested areas without some quantitative measure of the structure and density of the local forest canopy. Airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) observations can be used to rapidly and remotely sample the structure and density of forested areas. We report here the results of a study performed to determine the attenuation of GPS signals in forests, by correlating changes in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received GPS signals under different canopies, using three dimensional structure and density information about each canopy derived from ALSM observations. The results of this study verify that the loss of signal is strongly correlated with the local structure and density of the forest, and we demonstrate how the ALSM point cloud can be used to better predict the attenuation of the GPS signals. The results of this research also pertain to other modes of microwave transmission in forested areas, including satellite and cellular telephony, and the estimation of biomass from L-band radar.
Viscous damping formulation and high frequency motion propagation in non-linear site response analysis

Non-linear time domain site response analysis is widely used in evaluating local soil effects on propagated ground motion. This approach has generally provided good estimates of field behavior at longer periods but has shortcomings at relatively shorter periods. Viscous damping is commonly employed in the equation of motion to capture damping at very small strains and employs an approximation of Rayleigh damping using the first natural mode only. This paper introduces a new formulation for the viscous damping using the full Rayleigh damping. The new formulation represents more accurately wave propagation for soil columns greater than 50 m thick and improves non-linear site response analysis at shorter periods. The proposed formulation allows the use of frequency dependent viscous damping. Several examples, including a field case history at Treasure Island, California, demonstrate the significant improvement in computed surface response using the new formulation.
Dissatisfaction and disenrollment in a subsidized managed care program.

We studied members of the subsidized Basic Health Plan (BHP)from four managed health care organizations (MHCO). We compared low-income enrollees' and disenrollees' satisfaction with benefits, membership, and care from their MHCOs. Enrollees disenrolled primarily because they became insured through an employer, their income increased, or they moved out of the area. These disenrollees were less satisfied overall and with the amount of premiums and the total amount of medical costs covered. Disenrollees were also less satisfied with the ease and convenience of obtaining care, availability of phone advice, and quality of care. Disenrollees were more likely to be employed or to have a family member in fair or poor health. Satisfaction was high with MHCOs, although it varied considerably by site, particularly with ability to select doctors. Respondents reported affordability the most desired feature and lack of prescription coverage the least desired feature. Overall, disenrollment was not associated highly wit...
Baseball on the Border: A Tale of Two Laredos

Baseball on the Border:. Tale of Two Laredos. Alan M. Klein. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.291 pp.
Impulsivity, risk taking, and timing

This study examined the relations among measures of impulsivity and timing. Impulsivity was assessed using delay and probability discounting, and self-report impulsivity (as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; BIS-11). Timing was assessed using temporal perception as measured on a temporal bisection task and time perspective (as measured by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory). One hundred and forty three college students completed these measures in a computer laboratory. The degree of delay discounting was positively correlated with the mean and range of the temporal bisection procedure. The degree of delay and probability discounting were also positively correlated. Self-reported motor impulsiveness on the BIS-11 was positively correlated with present hedonism and negatively correlated with future orientation on the ZTPI. Self-reported non-planning on the BIS-11 was positively correlated with fatalism on the ZTPI. These results show that people who overestimate the passage of time (perceive time as passing more quickly) hold less value in delayed rewards. They also confirm previous results regarding the relation between delay and probability discounting, as well as highlight similarities in self-report measures of impulsivity and time perspective.
Edematous frogs, urinary tract disease, and disorders of fluid balance in Amphibians.

Abstract Renal disease and disorders of fluid homeostasis are common in captive amphibians. Veterinarians treating amphibian patients should be aware of important physiological differences between Amphibia and other vertebrates encountered in the exotic animal veterinary practice. Of particular clinical importance are the role of the integument in osmoregulation and the diversity of physiological adaptations that enables the Amphibia to inhabit a variety of natural environments. This article reviews physiological concepts and provides an overview of common disorders of the amphibian urinary tract and fluid balance, including the common clinical presentation of subcutaneous (lymph sac) edema in anurans (frogs and toads).
Environmental factors affecting seed persistence of annual weeds across the U.S. corn belt

Abstract Weed seedbanks have been studied intensively at local scales, but to date, there have been no regional-scale studies of weed seedbank persistence. Empirical and modeling studies indicate that reducing weed seedbank persistence can play an important role in integrated weed management. Annual seedbank persistence of 13 summer annual weed species was studied from 2001 through 2003 at eight locations in the north central United States and one location in the northwestern United States. Effects of seed depth placement, tillage, and abiotic environmental factors on seedbank persistence were examined through regression and multivariate ordinations. All species examined showed a negative relationship between hydrothermal time and seedbank persistence. Seedbank persistence was very similar between the two years of the study for common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf when data were pooled over location, depth, and tillage. Seedbank persistence of common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvet...
Hidden-variable fractal interpolation of discrete sequences

A model which may be used to determine the iterated functions system parameters needed to produce a fractal in R/sup 3/ where the projection of that fractal to R/sup 2/ matches a given function is presented. Background material is presented in which the form of the model, model parameters, and fractal synthesis are given. An inverse algorithm for identification of the model parameters is presented, and comments on this algorithm are given. Applications of hidden-variable fractal interpolation to two data types, monthly relative number of sunspots and the electrocardiogram of a dog's heart, are presented. >
Secreted Thrombospondin-1 Regulates Macrophage Interleukin-1β Production and Activation through CD47

Thrombospondin-1 regulates inflammation by engaging several cell surface receptors and by modulating activities of other secreted factors. We have uncovered a novel role of thrombospondin-1 in modulating production and activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β by human and murine macrophages. Physiological concentrations of thrombospondin-1 limit the induction by lipopolysaccharide of IL-1β mRNA and total protein production by human macrophages. This inhibition can be explained by the ability of thrombospondin-1 to disrupt the interaction between CD47 and CD14, thereby limiting activation of NFκB/AP-1 by lipopolysaccharide. Only the CD47-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 exhibits this activity. In contrast, CD47, CD36, and integrin-binding domains of thrombospondin-1 independently enhance the inflammasome-dependent maturation of IL-1β in human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Correspondingly, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages that lack either thrombospondin-1 or CD47 exhibit diminished induction of mature IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide. Lack of CD47 also limits lipopolysaccharide induction of IL-1β, NLRP3, and caspase-1 mRNAs. These data demonstrate that thrombospondin-1 exerts CD47-dependent and -independent pro-and anti-inflammatory effects on the IL-1β pathway. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD47 may be useful targets for limiting the pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide and for treating endotoxemia.
Plant Viruses, Including Protophytal Viruses

Those viruses that have been identified as belonging to one of the groups approved by the ICTV will only be identified in that manner. Specific properties described in the literrature, particularly numerical ones such as molecular weights, may not agree exactly with those given for the type member or the general range describing the group. However, in view, of the uncertainty of all such values (except for the sequenced molecules), only gross deviations from group characteristics will be noted for individual viruses.
Evaluation of the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the medical intensive care unit.

Objective To determine if treatment of DKA in a sample of adult medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients was consistent with the 2006 ADA Hyperglycemic Crises in Adult Patients with Diabetes Clinical Guidelines. Methods Medical records were reviewed for all adult patients admitted to a MICU with a diagnosis of DKA between July 1, 2007 and June 30, 2010. The primary composite endpoint assessed fluid resuscitation (total mL/kg) at 24 hours, insulin bolus dose, and continuous insulin infusion (units/kg or units/kg/hour) to determine whether the 2006 ADA clinical guidelines for Hyperglycemic Crises in Adult Patients with Diabetes were followed. Secondary outcome measures were DKA resolution, ICU length of stay, frequency of rebound DKA within 48 hours, frequency of hypoglycemia, and time to transition to subcutaneous insulin. Results A total of 60 patients met inclusion criteria. For patients treated in compliance with the clinical guidelines compared to those that were not, total volume IV fluid infused during the first 24 hours (4.88 ± 0.77 mL/kg/hour and 2.74 ± 1.08 mL/kg/hour), mean dose of the insulin bolus (0.13 ± 0.04 units/kg and 0.06 ± 0.06 units/kg) and initial rate of the insulin infusions (0.11 ± 0.02 units/kg/hour and 0.08 ± 0.03 units/kg/hour) were significantly different ( p <0.001). Treatment of 12 patients (20%) followed the 2006 ADA clinical guidelines, and mean time to resolution of DKA and MICU length of stay trended toward a shorter duration in these patients. Conclusion Compliance with the 2006 ADA Hyperglycemic Crises in Adult Patients with Diabetes clinical guidelines was low for treatment of DKA in a sample of adult patients admitted to a MICU. Institutional guidelines for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis should be investigated as a strategy to improve compliance with national guidelines.
Prognosis in juvenile chronic arthritis. Follow-up of 433 chronic rheumatic children.

A total of 433 children, hospitalized in the Rheumatic Children's Hospital Garmisch-Partenkirchen, were followed on average for 15 years (range 10–22 years) after the onset of definite juvenile chronic arthritis. This paper reveals clearly that the different subgroups of chronic rheumatic disease in childhood with their different complications have a definite relationship to prognosis. Severe limitation with inability to attend normal school or employment occurred in 13.4% of children with systemic polyarticular arthritis (Still's syndrome) and 11.4% of the non-systemic cases, but not in the pauci-articular group. In the latter group 82.5% of the children remained without disability or with only slight impairment: this is significantly better than in the systemic or non-systemic polyarticular groups. Although the high incidence of chronic rheumatic iridocyclitis is common in children with pauci-articular arthritis, none of this group had been handicapped by severe eye complications or blindness, in contrast to several early cases with systemic or non-systemic polyarthritis. This might be due to regular eye checks in the pauci-articular group. Of the children in the systemic polyarticular group 10% were dwarfed. Mortality in the systemic group was 13.8%, in contrast to 1% in the non-systemic polyarticular and 0% in the pauci-articular arthritis group. Secondary amyloidosis was the most important cause of death, mainly in systemic cases. Of the children whose amyloidosis had been verified, 44% died in their second or third decades, mostly with uraemia.
Phage typing of nontypable isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using the new phages 94, 95, and 96 and the heat-shock treatment.

Of 2,144 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (from human beings in New York State) received in the authors’ laboratory during 1975, 992 (46.3%) were nontypable with the use of the international basic set of bacteriophages. These 2,144 isolates were retested with the use of the recently added phages 94, 95, and 96. Nearly 60% of the isolates were lysed with one or more of these three phages, including 64% of those previously nontypable, thus reducing the percentage of nontypables to 16.5%. One hundred randomly selected isolates that remained nontypable were heat-shocked and retested with the revised basic set of phages, which includes the three new phages. Forty-three isolates were typable with the use of this procedure; all but one of these produced the exact same phage pattern in at least three of five trials.
Regression formulas for density functional theory calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in toluene-d8.

This study aimed at investigating the performance of a series of basis sets, density functional theory (DFT) functionals, and the IEF-PCM solvation model in the accurate calculation of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in toluene-d8. We demonstrated that, on a test set of 37 organic species with various functional moieties, linear scaling significantly improved the calculated shifts and was necessary to obtain more accurate results. Inclusion of a solvation model produced larger deviations from the experimental data as compared to the gas-phase calculations. Moreover, we did not find any evidence that very large basis sets were necessary to reproduce the experimental NMR data. Ultimately, we recommend the use of the BMK functional. For the 1H shifts the use of the 6-311G(d) basis set gave linearly scaled mean unsigned (MU) and root-mean-square (rms) errors of 0.15 ppm and 0.21 ppm, respectively. For the calculation of the 13C chemical shifts the 6-31G(d) basis set produced MUE of 1.82 ppm and RMSE of 3.29 ppm.
Purification and properties of Bacillus coagulansl-asparaginase

Abstract Bacillus coagulans l -asparaginase has been purified ca. 330-fold. The purified enzyme has an approximate molecular weight of 84,000. Monovalent cation is required to effect the conversion of the enzyme-substrate complex to enzyme and product. Complex kinetic behavior, possibly allosteric in nature, and an estimated K M value of 4 × 10 −3 m were observed. d -asparagine functions as a substrate with the same complex kinetic behavior and 11.5% of the velocity of the l -isomer. The use of sulfhydryl reagents indicated that a free sulfhydryl moiety was required for enzymatic activity. The enzyme does not possess antilymphoma activity. Certain other properties of the enzyme were investigated.