cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fighting in the shadow of the past: The mobilizing role of vernacular memories of the 1987 pro-democracy movement in the 2008 candlelight protests in Korea:

This article examines how the vernacular memory of a political contestation in the past can be appropriated as a conceptual tool with which the present is interpreted. Through the case study of the 2008 candlelight protests in South Korea, this article discusses how the 1987 pro-democracy movement gained visibility and became articulated on the Internet. The article shows that the politics of memory—tensions and conflicts over the meaning of the past—was central to the meaning-making of the protests. The vernacular reconstruction of the past movement on the Internet created an alternative discourse, characterized by concreteness, corporeality, and multiplicity, which allowed the protests to gain momentum. From the analysis of the postings on one of the most active Internet forums in the country, Agora, this article examines the complex interplay among vernacular memories, digital media, and the institutional discourse of the past and the present in times of political contestation.
Perioperative morbidity and mortality in octogenarians with ovarian cancer

BACKGROUND The decision to choose surgical cytoreduction in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer may be influenced by their age. We compared perioperative morbidity and mortality of octogenarians compared with younger patients undergoing surgical cytoreduction. METHODS A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent primary surgical cytoreduction for ovarian cancer between January 2005 and December 2009. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: younger than 80 years and 80 years or older (octogenarian). Patient demographics, surgical procedures, 30-day readmission, length of stay, 30-day mortality rates, and chemotherapy administration were examined. Student t test and χ test were used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-four patients who underwent surgical cytoreduction for ovarian cancer were identified. Three hundred fifty-two patients (91.7%) were younger than 80 years, whereas 32 patients (8.3%) were 80 years or older. Two hundred thirty-six women (67.0%) in the younger cohort had optimal cytoreduction (<1 cm) compared with 17 women (53.1%) in the older cohort (P = 0.12). Thirty-day readmission rates and postoperative complications were similar. More patients in the older cohort required preoperative admission for medical clearance (P < 0.01). Mean length of stay was significantly longer in the older cohort (10.0 vs 7.5; P = 0.02). The number of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower in the older cohort (71.9% vs 93.8%; P < 0.01). The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the older cohort (18.8% vs 4.0%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although octogenarians with ovarian cancer have similar surgical complication rates as their younger counterparts, they require more medical clearance and have a longer hospital stay. Older patients are less likely to undergo chemotherapy and have a higher 30-day mortality rate than are younger patients.
Reactions of t-butyl peresters—III

Abstract Aliphatic and cyclic ethers react smoothly with t-butyl peracetate and t-butyl perbenzoate at 67–90° in the presence of cuprous bromide. The first products of this reaction are the acyloxy derivatives of the ethers, which are unstable under the chosen experimental conditions and decompose to the corresponding carboxylic acids and unsaturated ethers. Thus, 2,3-dihydrofuran was prepared from 2-benzoyloxytetrahydrofuran in a 66% yield. The unsaturated ethers add t-butyl alcohol to give the corresponding acetals, this step being catalyzed by the carboxylic acid. This reaction is general for ethers containing two adjacent methylene groups, such as n-propyl and n-butyl ethers, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran. Diethers, such as 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, give more stable benzoyloxy derivatives, which decompose slowly on prolonged heating to give the expected acetals in low yield.
Class 3 semaphorins induce F‐actin reorganization in human dendritic cells: Role in cell migration

Class 3 semaphorins (Semas) are soluble proteins that are well recognized for their role in guiding axonal migration during neuronal development. In the immune system, Sema3A has been shown to influence murine dendritic cell (DC) migration by signaling through a neuropilin (NRP)-1/plexin-A1 coreceptor axis. Potential roles for class 3 Semas in human DCs have yet to be described. We tested the hypothesis that Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, each with a unique NRP-1 and/or NRP-2 binding specificity, influence human DC migration. In this report, we find that although NRP-1 and NRP-2 are expressed in human immature DCs (imDCs), NRP-2 expression increases as cells mature further, whereas expression of NRP-1 declines dramatically. Elevated levels of RNA encoding plexin-A1 and -A3 are present in both imDCs and mature DC (mDCs), supporting the relevance of Sema/NRP/plexin signaling pathways in these cells. Sema3A, -3C, and -3F bind to human DCs, with Sema3F binding predominantly through NRP-2. The binding of these Semas leads to reorganization of actin filaments at the plasma membrane and increased transwell migration in the absence or presence of chemokine CCL19. Microfluidic chamber assays failed to demonstrate consistent changes in speed of Sema3C-treated DCs, suggesting increased cell deformability as a possible explanation for enhanced transwell migration. Although monocytes express RNA encoding Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, only RNA encoding Sema3C increases robustly during DC differentiation. These data suggest that Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, likely with coreceptors NRP-1, NRP-2, and plexin-A1 and/or -A3, promote migration and possibly other activities of human DCs during innate and adaptive immune responses.
Resolutions Adopted by the Providence, Rhode Island, Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society: October 21, 1837

Published in The Liberator, these resolutions show how the debates over women’s rights were resounding within women’s antislavery societies. Opposition to women’s rights fueled the resolve of some societies.
Development of an artificial sensor for hydrodynamic detection inspired by a seal's whisker array.

Nature has shaped effective biological sensory systems to receive complex stimuli generated by organisms moving through water. Similar abilities have not yet been fully developed in artificial systems for underwater detection and monitoring, but such technology would enable valuable applications for military, commercial, and scientific use. We set out to design a fluid motion sensor array inspired by the searching performance of seals, which use their whiskers to find and follow underwater wakes. This sensor prototype, called the Wake Information Detection and Tracking System (WIDTS), features multiple whisker-like elements that respond to hydrodynamic disturbances encountered while moving through water. To develop and test this system, we trained a captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) to wear a blindfold while tracking a remote-controlled, propeller-driven submarine. After mastering the tracking task, the seal learned to carry the WIDTS adjacent to its own vibrissal array during active pursuit of the target. Data from the WIDTS sensors describe changes in the deflection angles of the whisker elements as they pass through the hydrodynamic trail left by the submarine. Video performance data show that these detections coincide temporally with WIDTS–wake intersections. Deployment of the sensors on an actively searching seal allowed for the direct comparison of our instrument to the ability of the biological sensory system in a proof-of-concept demonstration. The creation of the WIDTS provides a foundation for instrument development in the field of biomimetic fluid sensor technology.
Exploring the Industry-Dermatologist Financial Relationship: Insight From the Open Payment Data

Importance Significant ties exist between clinicians and industry. Little is known about the characteristics of industry payments to dermatologists. Objective To analyze the nature and extent of industry payments to dermatologists. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective review using the publicly available Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Sunshine Act Open Payment database. Data were downloaded from the publically available CMS website under General Payment and Research Payment data sets. All payments to dermatologists from companies making products reimbursed by a government-run health program were reviewed. Main Outcomes and Measures Mean, median, and range of payments made, including quantity and total sum of payments, per clinician. Total payments and number of transactions per category of payment, geographic region, and payment source were also assessed. Results A total of 8333 dermatologists received 208 613 payments totaling more than $34 million. The median total payment per dermatologist was $298 with an interquartile range of $99 to $844. The top 10% of dermatologists (n = 833) received more than $31.2 million, 90% of the total payments. The top 1% each (n = 83) received at least $93 622 and accounted for 44% of total payments. While 83% of payment entries were for food and beverage, they accounted for only 13% of total amount of payments. Speaker fees (31.7%), consulting fees (21.6%), and research payments (16.5%) comprised 69.8% of total payment amount. The top 15 companies were all pharmaceutical manufacturers and paid dermatologists $28.7 million, representing 81% of total disbursement. Conclusions and Relevance Dermatologists received substantial payments from the pharmaceutical industry. The nature and amount of payments varied widely. The impact of the data on patient care, physicians practice patterns, and patient perception of physicians is unclear.
Characterizing pharmaceutical, personal care product, and hormone contamination in a karst aquifer of southwestern Illinois, USA, using water quality and stream flow parameters

Abstract Karst aquifers are drinking water sources for 25% of the global population. However, the unique geology of karst areas facilitates rapid transfer of surficial chemicals to groundwater, potentially contaminating drinking water. Contamination of karst aquifers by nitrate, chloride, and bacteria have been previously observed, but little knowledge is available on the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as pharmaceuticals. Over a 17-month period, 58 water samples were collected from 13 sites in the Salem Plateau, a karst region in southwestern Illinois, United States. Water was analyzed for 12 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), 7 natural and synthetic hormones, and 49 typical water quality parameters (e.g., nutrients and bacteria). Hormones were detected in only 23% of samples, with concentrations of 2.2–9.1 ng/L. In contrast, PPCPs were quantified in 89% of groundwater samples. The two most commonly detected PPCPs were the antimicrobial triclocarban, in 81% of samples, and the cardiovascular drug gemfibrozil, in 57%. Analytical results were combined with data of local stream flow, weather, and land use to 1) characterize the extent of aquifer contamination by CECs, 2) cluster sites with similar PPCP contamination profiles, and 3) develop models to describe PPCP contamination. Median detection in karst groundwater was 3 PPCPs at a summed concentration of 4.6 ng/L. Sites clustered into 3 subsets with unique contamination models. PPCP contamination in Cluster I sites was related to stream height, manganese, boron, and heterotrophic bacteria. Cluster II sites were characterized by groundwater temperature, specific conductivity, sodium, and calcium. Cluster III sites were characterized by dissolved oxygen and barium. Across all sites, no single or small set of water quality factors was significantly predictive of PPCP contamination, although gemfibrozil concentrations were strongly related to the sum of PPCPs in karst groundwater.
Sample preparation techniques for mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory

Abstract The principles and optimization of sample preparation protocols commonly used in clinical LC-MS/MS are described and compared in this chapter. Although the practices reviewed here are more broadly applicable, in this chapter “LC-MS/MS” refers to reverse-phase LC, UPLC, or UHPLC used with electrospray (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and triple quadrupole (QqQ) quantitative mass analysis. In general, those protocols that are more labor intensive, complex and/or expensive are also more effective at concentrating analytes and removing matrix than simpler and cheaper protocols. Matrix removal is beneficial because injecting less matrix/sample typically yields more robust methods and longer maintenance-free intervals for the LC-MS/MS instrument. Goals for method performance, such as precision and quantitation limit, are well defined in clinical chemistry, but there is less agreement on what constitutes method robustness. The challenge for clinical laboratories using LC-MS/MS is to select sample preparation protocols that deliver not only acceptable method performance but also the desired cost/reportable test, practicality and robustness. Strategies for evaluating robustness during validation—at best an incomplete proxy for robustness in production—are presented and metrics for quantifying robustness in production are proposed.
The prevention of diabetic foot ulceration: how biomechanical research informs clinical practice

Background Implementation of interprofessional clinical guidelines for the prevention of neuropathic diabetic foot ulceration has demonstrated positive effects regarding ulceration and amputation rates. Current foot care recommendations are primarily based on research regarding the prevention of ulcer recurrence and focused on reducing the magnitude of plantar stress (pressure overload). Yet, foot ulceration remains to be a prevalent and debilitating consequence of Diabetes Mellitus. There is limited evidence targeting the prevention of first-time ulceration, and there is a need to consider additional factors of plantar stress to supplement current guidelines. Objectives The first purpose of this article is to discuss the biomechanical theory underpinning diabetic foot ulcerations and illustrate how plantar tissue underloading may precede overloading and breakdown. The second purpose of this commentary is to discuss how advances in biomechanical foot modeling can inform clinical practice in the prevention of first-time ulceration. Discussion Research demonstrates that progressive weight-bearing activity programs to address the frequency of plantar stress and avoid underloading do not increase ulceration risk. Multi-segment foot modeling studies indicate that dynamic foot function of the midfoot and forefoot is compromised in people with diabetes. Emerging research demonstrates that implementation of foot-specific exercises may positively influence dynamic foot function and improve plantar stress in people with diabetes. Conclusion Continued work is needed to determine how to best design and integrate activity recommendations and foot-specific exercise programs into the current interprofessional paradigm for the prevention of first-time ulceration in people with Diabetes Mellitus.
Low cross-polarization ultra-wideband arrays (student submission)

This work presents the development of a low cross-polarization ultra-wideband end-fire notch array element, termed the Sliced Notch Antenna (SNA). The proposed element topology solves the long-standing problem of polarization purity degradation in typical end-fire notch arrays (Vivaldi arrays) when scanned in the non-principal planes by re-configuring the high-profile continuous metal Vivaldi fin into disconnected and vertically stacked metal strips. Single-polarized PCB-based SNA arrays and their Vivaldi array counterparts are designed, fabricated, and measured to comparitively evaluate performance. Dual-polarized implementations of both arrays are alike in that they operate over a 10:1 (1.2–12 GHz) bandwidth with VSWR<2.2 out to θo = 60° scans as infinite arrays; however simulations suggest the proposed SNA array offers around 20 dB polarization isolation improvement near the highest frequency for D-plane scans out to θo = {45, 60}°. The technical approach will be expanded further in the presentation and complete measurement results of 19×19 array prototypes will be provided at the conference.
Endovascular Stroke Therapy.

Acute ischemic stroke therapy has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion with the publication of several randomized trials proving that mechanical thrombectomy with stent retriever devices improves clinical outcome in comparison to intravenous thrombolysis. Furthermore, pooled data from the clinical trials suggest that mechanical thrombectomy can improve outcome in a broad range of patients, and that the sooner the intervention can be performed, the greater the benefit. Delays in endovascular stroke therapy can occur during multiple time points during a patient's encounter, and these time delays are associated with worse outcomes. This association emphasizes the importance of enhancing speed-of-care processes in patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion. Efforts to reduce time delays in endovascular stroke treatment can be achieved by reflecting on the health care initiatives that took place for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction almost 20 years ago. The ideal system of care to reduce delays in endovascular stroke therapy will likely include rapid transport of all eligible patients directly to the angiography suite to bypass the inefficiencies of workflow during the early inhospital setting. These strategies will undoubtedly take time to implement, as they require further research, infrastructure funding, and policy changes at local, regional, and national levels.
A pattern-mixture model approach for handling missing continuous outcome data in longitudinal cluster randomized trials

We extend the pattern-mixture approach to handle missing continuous outcome data in longitudinal cluster randomized trials, which randomize groups of individuals to treatment arms, rather than the individuals themselves. Individuals who drop out at the same time point are grouped into the same dropout pattern. We approach extrapolation of the pattern-mixture model by applying multilevel multiple imputation, which imputes missing values while appropriately accounting for the hierarchical data structure found in cluster randomized trials. To assess parameters of interest under various missing data assumptions, imputed values are multiplied by a sensitivity parameter, k, which increases or decreases imputed values. Using simulated data, we show that estimates of parameters of interest can vary widely under differing missing data assumptions. We conduct a sensitivity analysis using real data from a cluster randomized trial by increasing k until the treatment effect inference changes. By performing a sensitivity analysis for missing data, researchers can assess whether certain missing data assumptions are reasonable for their cluster randomized trial.
Decorin and biglycan are necessary for maintaining collagen fibril structure, fiber realignment, and mechanical properties of mature tendons

Abstract The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, are key regulators of collagen fibril and matrix assembly. The goal of this work was to elucidate the roles of decorin and biglycan in tendon homeostasis. Our central hypothesis is that decorin and biglycan expression in the mature tendon would be critical for the maintenance of the structural and mechanical properties of healthy tendons. Defining the function(s) of these SLRPs in tendon homeostasis requires that effects in the mature tendon be isolated from their influence on development. Thus, we generated an inducible knockout mouse model that permits genetic ablation of decorin and biglycan expression in the mature tendon, while maintaining normal expression during development. Decorin and biglycan expression were knocked out in the mature patellar tendon with the subsequent turnover of endogenous SLRPs deposited prior to induction. The acute absence of SLRP expression was associated with changes in fibril structure with a general shift to larger diameter fibrils in the compound knockout tendons, together with fibril diameter heterogeneity. In addition, tendon mechanical properties were altered. Compared to wild-type controls, acute ablation of both genes resulted in failure of the tendon at lower loads, decreased stiffness, a trend towards decreased dynamic modulus, as well as a significant increase in percent relaxation and tissue viscosity. Collagen fiber realignment was also increased with a delayed and slower in response to load in the absence of expression. These structural and functional changes in response to an acute loss of decorin and biglycan expression in the mature tendon demonstrate a significant role for these SLRPs in adult tendon homeostasis.
Psychological Characteristics of Chronic Pain: a Review of Current Evidence and Assessment Tools to Enhance Treatment.

The complicated nature of chronic pain involves an interplay between psychological and physical factors, often resulting in increased emotional distress and reduced quality of life. This review is designed to help the medical practitioner who is working with chronic pain patients to be aware of psychological assessment techniques that can add to comprehensive patient understanding and more effectively guide treatment. Enhanced ability to assess and understand the emotional life of the chronic pain patient provides a basis for intervening and treating more successfully. There are a broad range of assessment techniques, some of which require a background in psychology and some that do not, that can identify psychological differences in chronic pain patients and serve to guide intervention strategies. Chronic pain is often comorbid with depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, and various ineffective coping strategies. Some patients, however, have demonstrated more adaptive and effective strategies for cognitively and behaviorally coping with pain and normalizing their lives. Proper assessment enables the individualization of treatment to overcome and/or build upon each patient’s psychological frame of mind to maximize the potential for effective functioning. The use of standardized and documented psychological assessment techniques can lead to a better understanding of chronic pain patients and contribute in ways that can enhance response to medical treatment and improve quality of life. It is recommended that certain psychological tools be included to supplement the medical assessment of patients who have chronic pain. A basic assessment can include a short psychological-based clinical interview along with brief measures of depression, anxiety, and coping strategies. It is also recommended that the pain physician have access to professional psychological practitioners as a resource for more complicated assessments and psychological intervention services.
CT imaging of myocardial scar burden with CNA35-conjugated gold nanoparticles

Management of patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI) is based on the extent of coronary artery disease and myocardial scar burden. We have developed a potentially clinically-useful X-ray molecular imaging contrast agent based on gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) functionalized with collagen-binding adhesion protein 35 (CNA35) with the capabilities of achieving prolonged blood pool enhancement for vascular imaging of the coronary arteries and specific targeting of collagen within myocardial scar. At a concentration of ~ 45 mg Au/ml, AuNPs maintained a stable blood pool enhancement at 142-160 HU within an hour of intravenous administration. At 6 hours, specific signal enhancement was detected in the myocardium scar in rats injected with CNA35-AuNPs, but not with control AuNPs or in control animals. In conclusion, CNA35-AuNPs may be considered as a CT contrast agent for both vascular imaging of coronary artery disease and molecular imaging of myocardial scar in the heart.
Antidepressants for Agitation and Psychosis in Patients with Dementia

There are few high-quality studies examining the effectiveness of antidepressants for treating the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Although there is some evidence to support the use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline (Zoloft) and citalopram (Celexa), they should be used only if nonpharmacologic interventions are unsuccessful.
Evaluation of a hindered-settling column for size/density separations

Hindered-settling columns are used throughout the minerals industry for both size and density separations. In this study, the performance of a continuous laboratory-scale hindered-settling column was evaluated for various particle systems. The test variables included solids composition, water rate and column height. Column performance was evaluated using partition curves and corresponding performance parameters.
An Adverse Outcome Pathway Linking Organohalogen Exposure to Mitochondrial Disease

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are pragmatic tools in human health hazard characterization and risk assessment. As such, one of the main goals of AOP development is to provide a clear, progressive, and linear mechanistic representation of pertinent toxicological key events (KEs) occurring along the different levels of biological organization. Here, we present an AOP framework that depicts how exposure to organohalogens can lead to mitochondrial disease. Organohalogens are disinfectant by-products (DBPs) found in our drinking water. Chloroform, trichloroacetic acid, and trichlorophenol were selected to represent specific types of organohalogens for the development of this AOP. Although each of these compounds contains chlorine atoms, they differ in aromaticity and solubility, which have a significant impact on their potency. This AOP consists of two main pathways, both of which are triggered by the molecular initiating event (MIE) of excessive reactive oxygen species generation. Pathway 1 details the downstream consequences of oxidative stress, which include mitochondrial DNA damage, protein aggregation, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Pathway 2 shows the KEs that result from inadequate supply of glutathione, including calcium dysregulation and ATP depletion. Pathways 1 and 2 converge at a common KE: opening of the mitochondrial membrane transition pore (mPTP). This leads to the release of cytochrome c, caspase activation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial disease. This AOP was developed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidance, including critical consideration of the Bradford Hill criteria for Weight of Evidence assessment and key questions for evaluating confidence. The presented AOP is expected to serve as the basis for designing new toxicological tests as well as the characterization of novel biomarkers for disinfectant by-product exposure and adverse health effects.
Correlating solvent dynamics and chemical reaction rates using binary solvent mixtures and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy

Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy was performed on Vaska’s complex (VC) and its oxygen adduct (V C-O2) in binary solvent mixtures of chloroform or benzyl alcohol in d6-benzene. The second order rate constants for oxygenation were also measured in these solvent mixtures. The rate constant in chloroform mixtures is linear with mole fraction within the error of the measurements but changes nonlinearly in benzyl alcohol mixtures, displaying a preference for the alcohol over benzene. The rate constants were compared with FTIR spectra of the carbonyl ligand and the frequency-frequency correlation function of this mode determined by 2D-IR. The line shape broadening mechanisms of the linear spectra of the CO bound to VC and V C-O2 are similar to those previously reported for V C-I2. There is a particularly strong correlation between rate constants and homogeneous linewidths of the carbonyl vibration on the V C-O2 product state. Concurrently, the FTIR spectra and spectral diffusion observed by 2D-IR co...
The Sodomite in the Closet Drama: Pamphlets and Performance in the Era of the Glorious Revolution

This Act of Declaration, ratified by both Houses of the English Parliament and signed by the joint monarchs King William III and Queen Mary II, was intended to resolve lingering political loose ends that arose from the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688. King James II, the sitting sovereign deposed by the revolution, had ascended the throne in 1685; James was an infamous Catholic, and when his second wife Mary of Modena bore a male heir to the throne, the Protestant leaders of Parliament grew anxious at the prospect of a continuing Catholic dynasty. While divided in their loyalties to various factions within the Church of England, these Parliamentarians were united in their conviction that James would doom the nation to servitude under the yoke of the Papacy. A cabal of senior statesmen urged the Protestant William of Orange and his Protestant wife Mary to consider a joint bid for the English throne. In November of 1688, William landed in England with a complement of armed forces; the next month James, along with his wife and infant son, fled to France without significant resistance. The Glorious Revolution seemed a fait accompli.
Mapping RNA splicing variations in clinically accessible and nonaccessible tissues to facilitate Mendelian disease diagnosis using RNA-seq

RNA-seq is a promising approach to improve diagnoses by detecting pathogenic aberrations in RNA splicing that are missed by DNA sequencing. RNA-seq is typically performed on clinically accessible tissues (CATs) from blood and skin. RNA tissue specificity makes it difficult to identify aberrations in relevant but nonaccessible tissues (non-CATs). We determined how RNA-seq from CATs represent splicing in and across genes and non-CATs. We quantified RNA splicing in 801 RNA-seq samples from 56 different adult and fetal tissues from Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) and ArrayExpress. We identified genes and splicing events in each non-CAT and determined when RNA-seq in each CAT would inadequately represent them. We developed an online resource, MAJIQ-CAT, for exploring our analysis for specific genes and tissues. In non-CATs, 40.2% of genes have splicing that is inadequately represented by at least one CAT; 6.3% of genes have splicing inadequately represented by all CATs. A majority (52.1%) of inadequately represented genes are lowly expressed in CATs (transcripts per million (TPM) 10). Many splicing events in non-CATs are inadequately evaluated using RNA-seq from CATs. MAJIQ-CAT allows users to explore which accessible tissues, if any, best represent splicing in genes and tissues of interest.
Post-stroke depression: A 2020 updated review.

Abstract Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with higher mortality, poorer recovery, more pronounced cognitive deficits, and lower quality of life than is stroke without depression. This manuscript will conduct an updated, comprehensive and clinically-useful review of the risk factors, pathophysiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of PSD. Methods This narrative review summarizes articles obtained on PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database. This review prioritized articles with a more robust level of evidence, such as original articles with longitudinal data and/or larger samples, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses. Results One hundred twenty-four articles were reviewed, of which 44 (35%) were published before 2016 and 80 (65%) that were published since 2016. Discussion Rates of PSD range from 18 to 33%, yet it is vastly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Risk factors for PSD include female sex, history of psychiatric illness, large or multiple strokes, injuries in frontal/anterior areas or in the basal ganglia, stroke occurrence within the past year, poor social support, and pronounced disability. The pathophysiology of PSD is multifactorial and likely involves decreased levels of monoamines, abnormal neurotrophic response, increased inflammation with dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. The evidence for preventive interventions for PSD is somewhat inconsistent and modest. The best treatment for PSD consists of the combination of pharmacological, psychosocial and stroke-focused interventions. Conclusion PSD is a common, treatable condition that is associated with several negative outcomes. Early detection and proper management are critical to obtain better outcomes in individuals with PSD.
Does My AI Help or Hurt? Exploring Human-AI Complementarity

In a world where the use of AI is growing and evolving, where will we be in 5 years? 10 years? 20 years? What role will AI play in our society, and how will humans and AI interact? While there will undoubtedly be scenarios where AI systems will be able to outperform humans, there will also continue to be instances where humans will be a critical part of the process. As researchers explore improvements to AI systems, we also need to explore the interplay between humans and AI, and continue to evolve our understanding of how humans and AI systems can work together, effectively harnessing the benefits of both systems [3]. Designing effective interaction between the human and the AI systems is critical for future use of Human-AI systems [1]. Merely building an AI system that blindly sends recommendations to users has been shown in some cases to decrease human performance [2]. Different models can also have differential impact on user's trust of the model, adherence to the recommendation, and can impact bias in decision making tasks. This talk will highlight important directions for Human-AI research.
The association between preoperative length of stay and surgical site infection after lower extremity bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Abstract Objective Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important complication of lower extremity bypass (LEB) and the rate of SSI after LEB varies widely in the existing literature, ranging from 4% to 31%. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) has been implicated in the occurrence of SSI across multiple surgical disciplines. The impact of preoperative LOS in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) undergoing LEB is unknown. We examined the association of preoperative LOS on SSI after LEB. Methods A retrospective analysis of the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative Infrainguinal Bypass Registry identified patients undergoing elective LEB for chronic limb-threatening ischemia from 2003 to 2019. Patients undergoing LEB for acute limb ischemia, urgent/emergent procedures, aneurysm, or who had concomitant suprainguinal bypass were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative SSI. Multivariable forward stepwise logistic regression was then performed including all variables with a P value of less than .10 in both matched and unmatched cohorts to evaluate for demographic and perioperative predictors of SSI. Propensity score matching was used to create matched cohorts of patients for each LOS group. Results A total of 17,883 LEB procedures were selected for inclusion: 0 days (12,362 LEB), 1 to 2 days (1737 LEB), and 3 to 14 days (3784 LEB). Patients with the greatest preoperative LOS were more likely to have vein mapping (0 days preoperative LOS, 66.3%; 1-2 days, 65.2%; 3-14 days, 73.2%; P 220 minutes; OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.73; P Conclusions Many factors including preoperative comorbidities and operative complexity covary with preoperative LOS as risk factors for SSI. However, when patients are matched based on comorbidities and factors that would predict overall clinical complexity, preoperative LOS remains important in predicting SSI.
Natural language processing and network analysis provide novel insights on policy and scientific discourse around Sustainable Development Goals.

The United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are heterogeneous and interdependent, comprising 169 targets and 231 indicators of sustainable development in such diverse areas as health, the environment, and human rights. Existing efforts to map relationships among SDGs are either theoretical investigations of sustainability concepts, or empirical analyses of development indicators and policy simulations. We present an alternative approach, which describes and quantifies the complex network of SDG interdependencies by applying computational methods to policy and scientific documents. Methods of Natural Language Processing are used to measure overlaps in international policy discourse around SDGs, as represented by the corpus of all existing UN progress reports about each goal (N = 85 reports). We then examine if SDG interdependencies emerging from UN discourse are reflected in patterns of integration and collaboration in SDG-related science, by analyzing data on all scientific articles addressing relevant SDGs in the past two decades (N = 779,901 articles). Results identify a strong discursive divide between environmental goals and all other SDGs, and unexpected interdependencies between SDGs in different areas. While UN discourse partially aligns with integration patterns in SDG-related science, important differences are also observed between priorities emerging in UN and global scientific discourse. We discuss implications and insights for scientific research and policy on sustainable development after COVID-19.
Metaphors for One Another: Racism in the United States and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland

This article explores the possibility that an analysis of racism in the United States and sectarianism in Northern Ireland inspired by literary, psychotherapeutic, religious and philosophical conceptions of metaphor might yield new insight into the two situations by attending carefully to similarities and differences between them. Following brief summaries of the current state of racism in the U.S. and sectarianism in Northern Ireland, the article offers two perspectives from the field of psychotherapy that seem particularly germane to both situations. Then we turn to the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt for a reflection on the unpredictability and irreversibility of human action, and what can be done within the limits of those conditions. Finally, we find in contemporary broad-based community organizing in the tradition of Saul Alinsky our closing metaphor: interracial and interfaith citizens organizations as crucibles that enable citizens and people of faith to imagine a way forward in societies struggling with racist and sectarian histories.
Medical Humanitarianism Under Atmospheric Violence: Health Professionals in the 2013 Gezi Protests in Turkey

During the 2013 Gezi protests in Turkey, volunteering health professionals provided on-site medical assistance to protesters faced with police violence characterized by the extensive use of riot control agents. This led to a government crackdown on the medical community and the criminalization of "unauthorized" first aid amidst international criticisms over violations of medical neutrality. Drawing from ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews with health care professionals, and archival research, this article ethnographically analyzes the polarized encounter between the Turkish government and medical professionals aligned with social protest. I demonstrate how the context of "atmospheric violence"-the extensive use of riot control agents like tear gas-brings about new politico-ethical spaces and dilemmas for healthcare professionals. I then analyze how Turkish health professionals framed their provision of health services to protestors in the language of medical humanitarianism, and how the state dismissed their claims to humanitarian neutrality by criminalizing emergency care. Exploring the vexed role that health workers and medical organizations played in the Gezi protests and the consequent political contestations over doctors' ethical, professional, and political responsibilities, this article examines challenges to medical humanitarianism and neutrality at times of social protest in and beyond the Middle East.
Relative comparison and perspective on invasive species in the Laurentian and Swedish Great Lakes

The Laurentian Great Lakes and the Swedish Great Lakes both have a long history of being invaded by non-native species, although the total number reported in the former system far exceeds that in the latter. Until about the 1980s, non-native species that had the greatest ecosystem and/or socioeconomic impacts in both systems were controlled, or their negative impacts ameliorated by management actions; most prominent of these species were the Sea Lamprey and Alewife in the Laurentian Great Lakes, and Crayfish plague in the Swedish Great Lakes. In the 1980s, a number of species native to the Ponto-Caspian region were introduced into the Laurentian Great Lakes via the ballast water of transoceanic ships, and these species had significant ecosystem impacts, could not be controlled by management actions, and changed the way these lake resources were managed. Similar introductions have not occurred in the Swedish Great Lakes, but many of the same species that have impacted the Laurentian Great Lakes are spread...
A strategy to standardize the learning of core clerkship objectives.

Background: Consistent and effective implementation of clinical clerkship objectives remains elusive. Using the behavioral principles of self assessment, active learning and learner differences, we designed an objectives checklist to ensure that all students mastered a core body of internal medicine (IM) knowledge and to facilitate self-directed learning. Methods: We developed a 54-item learning objectives checklist card in the IM clerkship. In a randomized controlled trial by clerkship site and block, students in the intervention group received the checklist card and were instructed to obtain sign off on objectives by faculty and housestaff and to seek teaching, literature, and clinical experiences to satisfy objectives unmet through routine activities. Intervention group faculty and housestaff were oriented to the use of the checklist. Both intervention and control groups received the course syllabus. We assessed learning with faculty and housestaff evaluations, student knowledge self-assessment, and a written examination. Satisfaction with the cards was assessed with written evaluations. Results: There were no significant differences in ward evaluations, examination scores or self-assessed knowledge between students using the learning objectives cards and control groups. Faculty were more likely than students to agree that objectives cards improved education. Conclusions: An intervention designed to guide students in the use of a learning objectives card did not enhance learning as assessed by ward evaluations, a written examination, and satisfaction surveys. It is possible that more sensitive outcome measures could detect differences in knowledge for students using learning objectives checklist cards.
Two-dimensional photonic band-gap mirrors at 850 and 980 nm

Summary form only given. Photonic band-gap (PBG) crystals can be fabricated in semiconductor devices through the etching of patterns of holes in the device, resulting in a periodic dielectric structure. One of the more practical uses of photonic crystals in optoelectronic devices is for thin, high-reflectivity mirrors. The use of hexagonal arrays of etched circular holes results in a 2-D photonic band-gap mirror that can be tuned to a specific wavelength by varying the hole radius and the lattice spacing. 2-D mirror characterization is performed by evaluating the light emission from an active waveguide.
Zinc supplementation improves outcomes associated with traumatic brain injury but does not overcome risks associated with combined ethanol intake (122.4)

In addition to the known behavioral and cognitive impairments, including memory deficits, depression, and anxiety associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), there is an increased risk for new onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. Our previously published work has shown that zinc supplementation robustly reduces behavioral deficits associated with TBI. Our objective was to examine the behavioral and cellular outcomes associated with TBI that are complicated by ethanol consumption, as well as the effect of zinc supplementation on these outcomes. Adult male rats were fed a zinc supplemented (180 ppm) or zinc adequate (30 ppm) diet for 4 weeks followed by a moderately-severe TBI using controlled cortical impact. After injury, rats were given 3 g/kg of ethanol daily for 7 days via gavage. Ethanol intake exacerbated TBI-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and significantly impaired the efficacy of zinc supplementation. While ethanol did not worsen learning ...
Extracting Semantic Networks from Text Via Relational Clustering

Extracting knowledge from text has long been a goal of AI. Initial approaches were purely logical and brittle. More recently, the availability of large quantities of text on the Web has led to the development of machine learning approaches. However, to date these have mainly extracted ground facts, as opposed to general knowledge. Other learning approaches can extract logical forms, but require supervision and do not scale. In this paper we present an unsupervised approach to extracting semantic networks from large volumes of text. We use the TextRunner system [1] to extract tuples from text, and then induce general concepts and relations from them by jointly clustering the objects and relational strings in the tuples. Our approach is defined in Markov logic using four simple rules. Experiments on a dataset of two million tuples show that it outperforms three other relational clustering approaches, and extracts meaningful semantic networks.
Biological Performance of Materials. Fundamentals of Biocompatibility. 3rd ed.

Jonathan Black. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999. 463 pages. $150.00. “A vast human experiment is underway, with significant numbers of patients now having chronic devices in situ for more than 20 years.” So concludes the last paragraph of this text. Future advances in understanding the biological performance of materials will be based on contemporary clinical experience, facilitating a rapid evolution of biomaterials technology in the twenty-first century. This text, now in its third edition, focuses on the biological interactions that arise between living and nonliving materials and brings us to an appreciation of current as well as future directions. This comprehensive book is …