cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The preservation of aqueous preparations containing nonionic surfactants I. Growth of microorganisms in solutions and dispersions of nonionic surfactants

Studies have shown that various microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum , and Monilia albicans are capable of growing in solutions and dispersions of nonionic surfactants of the fatty acid ester type. It was observed that these organisms are capable of splitting the ester linkages of these surfactants. This is first evidenced visually by the appearance of free fatty acids in the inoculated surfactant solutions. Further study revealed that these test organisms produce esterases which split the fatty acid from the surfactant molecule. The presence of esterases was demonstrated using a tributyrin testing procedure. The liberation of free fatty acid from polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (Tween® 60) solutions is reported.
Cognitive and affective responses of Florida tourists after exposure to hurricane warning messages

Tourists are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as hurricanes since they might be less informed and prepared than residents of disaster-prone areas. Thus, understanding how the traits of a tropical cyclone as well as specific characteristics of tourists influence affective and cognitive responses to a hurricane warning message is a critical component in disaster planning. Using scenarios that presented tropical cyclones with different relevant characteristics (such as category at landfall), tourists’ knowledge, experience with hurricanes, trip traits, and the location of the survey (coastal or inland), this study contributes to the literature on sociological issues related to natural disasters. The findings suggest that risk perceptions and fear are influenced differently by the traits of the hurricanes and tourists’ knowledge and experience. Risk is strongly influenced by the projected category of the hurricane at landfall, while fear is not as sensitive to this extremely relevant trait of cyclones. The results also suggest that the influence of risk and fear on evacuation likelihood is strong and positive. This study shows the value of studying cognitive and affective responses to uncertain events.
Liver Resection and Ablation for Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease without effective chemotherapy treated most appropriately with resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with liver resection for metastatic ACC.
Temperature dependence of elastic moduli of polycrystalline β plutonium

The elastic moduli of pure polycrystalline beta plutonium were measured over its full range of existence (417--491 K) using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. The Debye temperature (138 K), Poisson's ratio (0.28), Gruneisen parameter (2.3), and the zero-temperature atomic volume (21.2 \AA{}${}^{3}$) were computed from the measurements. Both bulk and shear moduli decrease smoothly on warming with expected discontinuities at the phase boundaries. The shear modulus is surprisingly nearly the same for beta and gamma Pu. The temperature dependence of bulk moduli for beta Pu is, like gamma Pu, unusually small. Poisson's ratio shows very strong differences among alpha, beta, and gamma Pu indicating they are entirely different metals. The zero-temperature elastic moduli were computed for the three phases as well as for gallium-stabilized delta Pu (also measured by us) and compared to calculations.
Regional variation in phasic dopamine release during alcohol and sucrose self-administration in rats.

While dopamine input to the dorsal striatum is well-known to be critical for action selection, including alcohol-motivated behaviors, it is unknown whether changes in phasic dopamine accompany these behaviors. Long-term alcohol abuse is believed to promote alterations in the neurocircuitry of reward learning in both ventral and dorsal striatum, potentially through increasing dopamine release. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we measured phasic dopamine release in the dorsal and ventral striatum during alcoholic and nonalcoholic reward-seeking behavior and reward-related cues in rats trained on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. We observed robust phasic dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum after reinforced lever presses and inconsistent dopamine release in the dorsomedial striatum. Contrary to our expectations, alcohol did not enhance dopamine release in rats drinking alcoholic rewards. Cue-induced dopamine release was also observed in the nucleus accumbens core of rats drinking th...
SIMULATION OF FUEL SLOSHING CHARACTERISTICS IN MISSILE TANKS BY USE OF SMALL MODELS

Abstract : Similitude theory is applied to the problem of fuel sloshing in accelerated tanks to establish criteria for the design of model experiments. It is found that dynamic modeling is possible even if liquid viscosity is considered, and the ranges of significant parameters and the selection of model liquids are discussed. The results of experiments made on small models are compared with those obtained on full-scale tanks, for two different types of damping devices. (Author)
Hall voltage in electrolyte solutions

Abstract Hall coefficient for CuSO4 liquid electrolyte has been measured and found to be positive. Detection of Hall signal was limited to de methods although ac techniques were also investigated. The Hall coefficient increases with decreasing concentration of solute and for distilled water approaches 5 × 105 cm3/coul. Calculations of H+ ion mobility using the two carrier expression for Hall coefficient show the charge carrier in a liquid electrolyte to be the H+ ion. Mobility of the proton in water is of the order of 1 cm2 voltsec, which is near the value in ice
Effect of grain boundary width on grain growth in a diffuse-interface field model

Abstract The effect of grain boundary width on grain growth in the diffuse-interface field model is studied by analytical formulations and computer simulations. It has been shown that the grain growth kinetics will be slowed down if the number of grid points is insufficient to resolve the grain boundaries. When there are more then seven grid points in grain boundary regions, the grain growth is independent of the grain boundary width and the motion of a diffuse grain boundary is identical to its sharp-interface limit. The moments of grain side distributions reach stable values in the dynamically scaling regime and they are independent of the grain boundary width. It has been shown that, in addition to lattice anisotropy, coalescence affect the topological distributions.
Urban Planning and Health Equity

Although the fields of urban planning and public health share a common origin in the efforts of reformers to tame the ravages of early industrialization in the 19th century, the 2 disciplines parted ways in the early 20th century as planners increasingly focused on the built environment while public health professionals narrowed in on biomedical causes of disease and disability. Among the unfortunate results of this divergence was a tendency to discount the public health implications of planning decisions. Given increasingly complex urban environments and grave health disparities in cities worldwide, urban planners and public health professionals have once again become convinced of the need for inclusive approaches to improve population health and achieve health equity. To make substantive progress, intersectoral collaboration utilizing ecological and systems science perspectives will be crucial as the solutions lie well beyond the control of any single authority. Grounded in the social determinants of health, and with a renewed sense of interconnectedness, dedicated and talented people in government agencies and communities who recognize that our future depends on cultivating local change and evaluating the results can come to grips with the enormous challenge that lies ahead to create more equitable, sustainable, and healthier cities worldwide.
Sixty‐atom carbon cages

The enumeration of all 60-atom carbon cages associated to trivalent polyhedra with five-and six-sided faces is addressed. This isomer problem is computationally solved to give 1790 cages, with a further resolution into subclasses of cages with differing numbers p of abutting pairs of pentagonal faces. The individual cages are generated, and then there are computed various graph-theoretic invariants, including Huckel MO energies, HOMO-LUMO gaps, Kekule structure counts, and conjugated-circuit counts. Associated properties as a function of p are reported and found to be in concert with earlier qualitative arguments. It is found that the most stable of these cages is the unqiue p = 0 Buckminsterfullerene structure.
Joule-heating effects in mixed electroosmotic and pressure-driven microflows under constant wall heat flux

Heat-transfer characteristics of mixed electro-osmotic and pressure-driven flows are obtained in a two-dimensional straight microchannel by a solving steady-state energy equation. Both thermally developing and fully developed regions are considered for hydraulically fully developed mixed flows under isoflux channel wall conditions. The steady temperature distribution is obtained from the superposition of homogeneous solution and particular function. The particular solution is derived based on the constant heat-flux condition in the fully developed region, while the homogeneous solution is presented in terms of infinite series containing Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions due to the existence of non-self-adjoint eigenvalues. The coefficients of the homogeneous solution are found by utilizing the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, and the Secant method is utilized to obtain the corresponding eigenvalues. Our analytical techniques are verified by obtaining an excellent agreement with existing literature for slug, pressure-driven, and pure electroosmotic flow cases. In the fully developed region, the Nusselt number of mixed flow is independent of the thermal Peclet number for a particular Joule heating and imposed surface heat flux. The entry length of mixed flow significantly depends on the applied/induced pressure gradient to the electro-osmotic flow
WAS THE FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME RECOGNIZED IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

One of the most frequently cited examples of ancient prescience concerning the potential dangers of drinking during pregnancy is the story of Samson in the Biblical Book of Judges. The present article examines the relevant passages from this and other related Biblical texts for indications that the ancient Hebrews were indeed aware of alcohol's potential to harm the fetus. This examination was then broadened to include a survey of later Talmudic literature relating to drinking during pregnancy, and literature from Sumerian, Hittite, and Egyptian cultures contemporary with those found in the Bible. No evidence was found for concern in the ancient Near East about any possible harm.
Major Contributions of Czechs and Slovaks to Austrian and Hungarian History, 1918–1945

In the fall of 1918, when the colossal empire of the Habsburgs collapsed and a new Czechoslovak state took its place among the Successor States, the birth of the new republic tempted scholars to speculate about how this event would influence the future work of Czech and Slovak historians. Yielding to this temptation, Josef Pekař, a leading Czech historian and co-editor of Ceský casopis historický (Czech Historical Journal), in the preface of the 1918 volume of the journal jubilantly welcomed the new state on behalf of Czech historians, described the role that Czech history and Czech historiography had played in the past, and suggested what role it would play in the future fortunes of Czech people. His words aptly expressed the views of the large majority of Czech historians at that time:
Effect of ischaemia on overdrive suppression in isolated, blood-perfused atrial preparations of dogs

The magnitude of overdrive suppression of the SA nodal pacemaker activity was markedly influenced by its ischaemia which was produced by occlusion of the perfusion tubing close to the sinus node artery in the in-situ and isolated canine sino-atrial node preparations. In all isolated preparations, postdrive suppression was significantly augmented after occlusion of the perfusion system for at least 120 seconds. It is concluded that total ischaemia depresses sinoatrial node function in the atropinized canine heart and that postdrive suppression is a good index of such impaired function.
Design of dissolution inhibitors for chemically amplified photolithographic systems

Current semiconductor manufacturing utilizes exposure wavelengths from 365 nm to 193 nm, and current research is centered on photoresist development for 157 nm. Our research group discovered the strong inhibition response in the fluorocarbon resins designed for use at 157 nm. We have been investigating dissolution inhibitors (DIs), some of which also serve as photoacid generators (PAGs), that strongly inhibit the dissolution of poly(2-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifuoromethyl-2-hydroxypropyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-ene)(PNBHFA) ( 1 ) and the Asahi glass RS001 polymer ( 2 ). These inhibiting PAGs, in particular, result in the creation of 2-component resist systems consisting only of the resin polymer and the PAG-DI. This design enables greater ease of formulation, reduces the number of variables present in resist development, and offers improvements in sensitivity and line edge roughness. The synthetic approach has been to design transparent, inhibiting compounds for use at 157 nm. However, during our investigation of these compounds, we found that there is an inherent “backwards compatibility” for these PAGs and DIs at 193 nm, 248 nm and 365 nm. This has created the ability to effectively design dissolution inhibitors, photoactive or otherwise, that span virtually all of the wavelengths used in photolithographic processes today. Here we will present the design, development and imaging of modern dissolution inhibitors suitable for use in a wide range of photolithography technologies.
The chicken beta-globin gene promoter forms a novel "cinched" tetrahelical structure

We have previously shown that the G-rich sequence G16CG(GGT)2GG in the promoter region of the chicken beta-globin gene poses a formidable barrier to DNA synthesis in vitro (Woodford et al., 1994, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 27029-27035). The K+ requirement, template-strand specificity, template concentration independence, and involvement of Hoogsteen bonding suggested that the underlying basis of this new type of DNA synthesis arrest site might be an intrastrand tetrahelical structure. However, the arrest site lacks the four G-rich repeats that are a hallmark of previously described intramolecular tetraplexes and contains a number of noncanonical bases that would be expected to greatly destabilize such a structure. Here we report evidence for an unusual K+-dependent intrastrand "cinched" tetraplex. This structure has several unique features including the incorporation of bases other than guanine into the stem of the tetraplex, interaction between loop bases and bases in the flanking region, and base pairing between bases 3 and 5 of the tetrahelix-forming region to form a molecular "cinch." This finding extends the range of sequences capable of tetraplex formation as well as our appreciation of the conformational complexity of the chicken beta-globin promoter.
Annealed importance sampling of peptides.

Annealed importance sampling assigns equilibrium weights to a nonequilibrium sample that was generated by a simulated annealing protocol [R. M. Neal, Stat. Comput. 11, 125 (2001)]. The weights may then be used to calculate equilibrium averages, and also serve as an “adiabatic signature” of the chosen cooling schedule. In this paper we demonstrate the method on the 50-atom dileucine peptide and an alanine 5-mer, showing that equilibrium distributions are attained for manageable cooling schedules. For dileucine, as naively implemented here, the method is modestly more efficient than constant temperature simulation. The alanine application demonstrates the success of the method when there is little overlap between the high (unfolded) and low (folded) temperature distributions. The method is worth considering whenever any simulated heating or cooling is performed (as is often done at the beginning of a simulation project or during a NMR structure calculation), as it is simple to implement and requires minimal...
Brain extraction of a calcium channel blocker

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers may be effective treatment for acute cerebral ischemia, but the uptake of these drugs into the brain is unknown. A 0.2-ml bolus of [14C]nicardipine hydrochloride and [3H]water was injected into the common carotid arteries of 7 normal and 7 ischemic rats. The corrected first-pass extraction of nicardipine, compared to water, was calculated to be 30.7% into the hemispheres and 42.3% into the hippocampi. The uptake was greater into the ischemic hemispheres (p less than 0.001). These data suggest that dihydropyridines are available to binding sites and calcium channels in neurons.
Binding-induced stabilization and assembly of the phage P22 tail accessory factor gp4.

Abstract To infect and replicate, bacteriophage P22 injects its 43 kbp genome across the cell wall of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The attachment of phage P22 to the host cell as well as the injection of the viral DNA into the host is mediated by the virion's tail complex. This 2.8 MDa molecular machine is formed by five proteins, which include the portal protein gp1, the adhesion tailspike protein gp9, and three tail accessory factors: gp4, gp10, gp26. We have isolated the tail accessory factor gp4 and characterized its structure and binding interactions with portal protein. Interestingly, gp4 exists in solution as a monomer, which displays an exceedingly low structural stability (Tm 34 °C). Unfolded gp4 is prone to aggregation within a narrow range of temperatures both in vitro and in Salmonella extracts. In the virion the thermal unfolding of gp4 is prevented by the interaction with the dodecameric portal protein, which stabilizes the structure of gp4 and suppresses unfolded gp4 from irreversibly aggregating in the Salmonella milieu. The structural stabilization of gp4 is accompanied by the concomitant oligomerization of the protein to form a ring of 12 subunits bound to the lower end of the portal ring. The interaction of gp4 with portal protein is complex and likely involves the distinct binding of two non-equivalent sets of six gp4 proteins. Binding of the first set of six gp4 equivalents to dodecameric portal protein yields a gp(1)12:gp(4)6 assembly intermediate, which is stably populated at 30 °C and can be resolved by native gel electrophoresis. The final product of the assembly reaction is a bi-dodecameric gp(1)12:gp(4)12 complex, which appears hollow by electron microscopy, suggesting that gp4 does not physically plug the DNA entry/exit channel, but acts as a structural adaptor for the other tail accessory factors: gp10 and gp26.
Ten polymorphic DNA loci, including five in the rat MHC (RT1) region, form a single linkage group on rat chromosome 20

We have described ten markers for polymorphic loci on rat chromosome 20, including five in the rat MHC (RT1) region. These markers formed a single linkage group spanning a recombination distance of 0.40. The markers identified five expressed gene loci - RT1.N1 (thymus leukemia antigen 1), Tnfa (tumor necrosis factor {alpha}), Hspa1 (heat shock protein 70), Ggt1 ({gamma} glutamyl-transferase 1), and Prkacn2 (protein kinase C catalytic subunit binding inhibitor 2), two loci with sequences that are related to expressed genes - RT1.Aw2 (sequence related to a non-RT1A class I {alpha} chain) and Mt21 (sequence related to metallothionein 2), and three anonymous loci - D20Arb548, D20Arb234, and D20Arb249. These polymorphic markers should facilitate mapping studies and genetic monitoring of inbred rat strains. 18 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel

Behavior of hydrogen isotopes confined in disordered low-density nanoporous solids remains essentially unknown. Here, we use relaxation calorimetry to study freezing and melting of H2 and D2 in an ∼85%-porous base-catalyzed silica aerogel. We find that liquid–solid transition temperatures of both isotopes inside the aerogel are depressed. The phase transition takes place over a wide temperature range of ∼4 K and non-trivially depends on the liquid filling fraction, reflecting the broad pore size distribution in the aerogel. Undercooling is observed for both H2 and D2 confined inside the aerogel monolith. Results for H2 and D2 are extrapolated to tritium-containing hydrogens with the quantum law of corresponding states.
Constable's Hadleigh Castle and British Romantic Ruin Painting

Constable's remarkable ruin landscape, Hadleigh Castle (1829), is not only one of his most intensely expressive works but also one of the masterpieces of European Romantic art. This article deals with the circumstances surrounding its production; the meaning of the theme for Constable; the relationship between the four studies and the final version; earlier and contemporary British ruin paintings; the unusual expressive power and “larger” meanings of the picture, including the relevance of the aesthetic of The Sublime. This essentially art-in-context study aims to reveal what sets the work apart from the vast majority of British ruin paintings, watercolors, and prints, which usually exhibit a topographical and/or picturesque approach.
Evidence for the generation of a disilacyclopropane in solution

Abstract 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyl-3-norcaranylidene-1,2-disilacyclopropane has been generated by the reaction of n-butyllithium with 1-chloro-2-(bromonorcaranyl)tetramethyldisilane. Its reaction with methanol results in cleavage of the Si—Si bond.
Studies on low-dose hydroxyethyl starch leukapheresis. Rate of elimination of HES in vivo and function of the harvested granulocytes in vitro

We studied the rate of in vivo elimination of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) given during low dose HES leukapheresis in 9 donors and the effect of this procedure on the in vitro function of granulocytes in 3 donors. HES was eliminated more rapidly than has been previously reported for standard leukapheresis. Serum HES declined to one-half of peak concentration between 1 and 2 days and to one-tenth of peak in 23 days. No HES could be detected in serum 90 days after leukapheresis. The function of the harvested granulocytes was compared to that of granulocytes collected just prior to the procedure by measuring superoxide generation, ingestion and cell motility. There was no significant difference in the function of granulocytes harvested by low dose HES leukapheresis compared to those collected by venipuncture before the procedure.
Report of two patients and further characterization of interstitial 9p13 deletion—A rare but recurrent microdeletion syndrome?

To date, an interstitial deletion of 9p13 has been described only two times in the medical literature. These reports were based on routine chromosomal analysis. We report on two additional patients with an interstitial deletion of 9p13 further defined on array CGH who share clinical features with the other two patients previously described. Our first patient is a 16-year-old girl with a 5.9 Mb deletion at 9p13.3-9p13.1, initially detected on routine karyotype analysis and further characterized on array CGH. Our second patient is a 7½-year-old boy with a 4.8 Mb deletion also at 9p13.3-9p13.1. Patients with 9p13 deletion appear to have mild to moderate developmental delay, social and interactive personality, behavior issues such as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, short stature, prominent antihelices, hypoplastic nails, and precocious/early puberty. Our 16-year-old patient is the oldest patient described thus far. This report further characterizes this condition and helps to delineate the long-term prognosis in these patients.
Serum lipids in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Abstract Background Limited data are available regarding the serum lipids in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Aims To determine the lipid levels in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Methods We monitored the serum lipid levels annually for up to 6 years in 157 patients included in three previous trials of ursodeoxycholic acid. Results The baseline lipid values were: total cholesterol = 207 mg/dL (127–433); high-density lipoprotein = 56 mg/dL (26–132); low-density lipoprotein = 129 mg/dL (48–334); triglycerides = 102 mg/dL (41–698). Cirrhotic stage was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol (186 mg/dL vs. 217 mg/dL, p = .02). A significant correlation between the liver biochemistries and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was observed. Ursodeoxycholic acid, as compared to placebo, significantly decreased total (−27 mg/dL vs. 22 mg/dL, p = .0004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−24 mg/dL vs. 17 mg/dL, p = .0001). After extended follow-up, small changes in the lipid levels were noticed. The incidence of coronary artery disease was 4%. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the lipid levels in primary sclerosing cholangitis are often above levels where treatment with lipid-lowering agents is recommended. However, primary sclerosing cholangitis patients seem to have no elevated risk for cardiovascular events. The correlation of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with liver biochemistries implies that mechanisms linked to cholestasis may regulate cholesterol metabolism.
Hofmeister series of ionic liquids: kosmotropic effect of ionic liquids on the enzymatic hydrolysis of enantiomeric phenylalanine methyl ester

Abstract The kinetic hydrolysis of enantiomeric phenylalanine methyl ester catalyzed by Bacillus licheniformis protease was performed in aqueous solutions of several hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs). The protease enantioselectivity was found related to the kosmotropicity of individual cations and anions of ILs. The ion effectiveness in enhancing the enzyme enantioselectivity follows the Hofmeister series: kosmotropic anions and chaotropic cations stabilize the enzyme. In this application, the Hofmeister series of ILs was established in an order of decreasing effectiveness for anions: PO 4 3 - > citrate3−, CH3COO−, EtSO 4 - , CF3COO− > Br− > OTs−, BF 4 - and for cations: [EMIM]+ > [BMIM]+ > [HMIM]+. The overall IL kosmotropicity was quantified by the δ value (difference in the Jones–Dole viscosity B-coefficients of anion and cation). In general, a high enzyme enantioselectivity was observed in a solution of IL with a high δ value.
Improving Services for Women with Depression in Primary Care Settings

Women have a higher prevalence of depressive disorders compared to men. The current system of care for women with depressive disorders provides significant financial barriers for patients with lower incomes to access mental health services. Primary care systems are used extensively by women and have the potential to diagnose patients at early stages of mental illness and to provide evidence-based treatments, but this potential is largely unfulfilled because of significant system-level barriers inherent in primary care. Recent effectiveness research provides an excellent framework for cost-effectively improving care of depression using stepped care principles and strategies effective for improving care of other chronic conditions. Psychologists have the potential to help implement stepped care models by providing training, consultation and ongoing quality assurance, as well as by delivering collaborative care models of acute-phase treatment and relapse prevention interventions.
A cluster analysis of road traffic-related childhood knee injuries.

Background Knee injuries represent an important category of road traffic injuries among children, and they are heterogeneous in their aetiology. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of road traffic childhood knee injuries in Greece by age and gender, point out their time, place and person co-ordinates and identify clusters with distinct characteristics with a view to potential preventive interventions. Methods During a 3-year period, 305 children with knee injuries resulting from a road traffic accident were identified among the 66870 children with injuries recorded in the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) of Greece. Using previously derived sampling ratios and national data on childhood population, incidence data by age and gender were estimated. Hierarchical analysis was undertaken for cluster identification. Results The incidence of road traffic knee injuries was 97.5 per 100000 children-years. The incidence increased with age and was higher among boys than among girls. Most childhood knee injuries (50.2%) occur among pedestrians, and the majority (90.9%) of the children or their guardians admitted responsibility in crossing the road. Of the 31 children injured as car passengers, the vast majority (87.1%) were unrestrained, and a large fraction (38.7%) were front seat passengers. Two clusters were identified: the first consisted of younger children who resided mostly in the Athens area and suffered less serious knee injuries as pedestrians or car passengers during the colder months; the second consisted of older children, frequently tourists, who suffered more serious injuries as cyclists while vacationing. Conclusions Many of the children who suffered road traffic knee injuries as pedestrians admitted responsibility in road crossing, whereas a large proportion of children who were injured as car passengers were injured while improperly seated in the front and without seatbelt protection. Older children, frequently tourists, were at high risk of knee injuries while using motorcycles and bicycles.
Quantitative radiochromatographic analysis of the major groups of carbohydrates in cultured animal cells.

Procedures are described for selective quantitation of the monosaccharide content of glycogen, chondroitin sulfates, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins, glycolipids, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and the phosphorylated carbohydrate pools in cultured animal cells. Monosaccharides are released from each type of carbohydrate by selective hydrolysis with enzymes and/or acid and are analyzed by radiochromatographic procedures which give reliable quantitative data with only a few nanomoles of each monosaccharide. Analyses of the entire spectrum of carbohydrates can be carried out using 7–8 mg of animal cell protein.
Event-level associations between affect, alcohol intoxication, and acute dependence symptoms: Effects of urgency, self-control, and drinking experience

This study used experience sampling to examine within-person associations between positive affect, anxiety, sadness, and hostility and two outcomes: alcohol intoxication and acute dependence symptoms. We examined the role of urgency, premeditation, and perseverance in predicting the alcohol outcomes and tested whether the affective associations varied as a function of urgency. Participants completed baseline assessments and 21 days of experience sampling on PDAs. Hypotheses were partially confirmed. Positive affect was positively, and sadness inversely, associated with intoxication. Hostility was associated with intoxication for men but not women. Negative urgency moderated the association between anxiety and intoxication, making it stronger. However, positive urgency did not moderate the effect of positive affect. Heavier drinkers exhibited the greatest number of symptoms, yet the association between intoxication and acute signs of alcohol disorder was attenuated among these individuals. Results support the use of experience sampling to study acute signs and symptoms of high risk drinking and dependence.
Fecal fat, cyclosporine, and α1-antitrypsin for assessment of small bowel function following transplantation

Many factors affect the integrity of transplanted small bowel. These include ischemic preservation and immunologic injury as well as the division of intestinal lymphatics during transplantation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the recovery of fat absorption in transplanted small bowel in syngeneic rats. Orthotopic transplantation of the total small bowel with resection of the native intestine was performed. The experimental (n = 11) and a pair-fed, sham-operated control (n = 8) groups were fed a 50% kcal corn oil semipurified diet. Studies of cyclosporine (CSA) absorption, maltose absorption, dietary fat, and fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin (FA1AT) excretion in transplanted animals were performed preoperatively and at 15, 30, and 50 days postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the weight change or fat and maltose absorption in experimental animals compared with control animals at any time point. Peak serum CSA levels were lower at day 15 in transplanted animals than in controls (P = 0.006) and improved but remained lower than those in controls at days 30 and 50 (P = 0.017). FA1AT excretion was increased on postoperative day 15 (accompanied by a decrease in body weight) and returned to control levels at days 30 and 50. Transplanted isogeneic rats had weight recovery and fat and carbohydrate absorption similar to those of controls. Transplanted animals had a protein-losing enteropathy measured by FA1AT at day 15 that resolved by 30 and 50 days, respectively. CSA absorption showed a much more gradual return to control levels and remained abnormal at 50 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Planning for multiagent using ASP-prolog

This paper presents an Answer Set Programming based approach to multiagent planning. The proposed methodology extends the action language B in [12] to represent and reason about plans with cooperative actions of an individual agent operating in a multiagent environment. This language is used to formalize multiagent planning problems and the notion of a joint plan for multi-agent in the presence of cooperative actions. Finally, the paper presents a system for computing joint plans based on the ASP-Prolog system.
An object-oriented multimodel approach to integrate planning, intelligent control and simulation

The areas of planning, intelligent control and simulation have each spawned their own representational structures. Deliberative planning approaches found within AI are often rule based and simulation is often function based. Intelligent control approaches and the perceived need to integrate reactive control with deliberative planning have suggested an integration of modeling techniques; however, well-formed integration techniques are scarce. The multimodel method for large-scale systems containing intelligent and nonintelligent objects is proposed. The initial results with planning and control within a truck depot show that, with multimodeling, current deliberative planning methods are extended to include a richer set of model types besides production rule systems. Moreover, reactive control is modulated by deliberative planning model structures so that the entire model is well-formed and easy to comprehend. >
Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Turkey Hens Fed Corn Gluten Feed

Female poults were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 20% corn gluten feed (CGF) from 0 to 16 wk of age or no CGF from 0 to 9 wk and 20% CGF from 9 to 16 wk of age. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, within each age interval. Diets containing CGF had no significant effect on body weight gain, feed efficiency, yield of carcass parts, or carcass composition, as compared with effects of feeding a corn-soybean meal control diet. However, age of slaughter, 14 vs. 16 wk, had a significant effect on the proportion of breast meat, breast bone, thigh skin, thigh bone, and drums. Carcasses were significantly higher in protein and lower in fat at 14 wk than at 16 wk of age. Results suggest CGF can successfully constitute up to 10% of the diet of growing turkey hens. The use of CGF in turkey diets up to this level would be governed by the economics of the nutrient supply. At 20% of the diet, the tendency for CGF to induce moist droppings may impose a restriction on its use, and the degree of restriction would depend on the housing-management situation.
Regulation of Antioxidant Metabolism by Translation Initiation Factor 2α

Oxidative stress and highly specific decreases in glutathione (GSH) are associated with nerve cell death in Parkinson's disease. Using an experimental nerve cell model for oxidative stress and an expression cloning strategy, a gene involved in oxidative stress–induced programmed cell death was identified which both mediates the cell death program and regulates GSH levels. Two stress-resistant clones were isolated which contain antisense gene fragments of the translation initiation factor (eIF)2α and express a low amount of eIF2α. Sensitivity is restored when the clones are transfected with full-length eIF2α; transfection of wild-type cells with the truncated eIF2α gene confers resistance. The phosphorylation of eIF2α also results in resistance to oxidative stress. In wild-type cells, oxidative stress results in rapid GSH depletion, a large increase in peroxide levels, and an influx of Ca2+. In contrast, the resistant clones maintain high GSH levels and show no elevation in peroxides or Ca2+ when stressed, and the GSH synthetic enzyme γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γGCS) is elevated. The change in γGCS is regulated by a translational mechanism. Therefore, eIF2α is a critical regulatory factor in the response of nerve cells to oxidative stress and in the control of the major intracellular antioxidant, GSH, and may play a central role in the many neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
On Convergence of the LQG Feedforward Self-Tuner

In this paper, we investigate the stability and convergence of the indirect adaptive LQG feedforward controller, designed in order to compensate the effect of the measurable disturbances, for a general SISO non-minimum-phase stable plant. We study the equilibrium set of the associated ODE and obtain a necessary condition and some sufficient conditions on the parameters of the original plant structure such that the limit set contains only the true parameter vector. As shown by examples and simulations, the limit set, in general, contains points which do not correspond to the true parameter vector nor yield an optimal controller design. Finally, the global stability and convergence of the adaptive controller, based on the Stochastic Gradient (SG) algorithm, are established and it is shown that if the exogenous input is of sufficient order of excitation, the system is self-tuning.
An Evaluation of the Implementation of a Specialized Treatment of Sexual Offenders Program

The implementation process of a treatment program for sexual offenders was assessed using models developed by Lewis and by McLaughin and Provus. The program successfully adapted to its environment and appears to be successful in accomplishing its goals; however, long-term viability is threatened by the lack of an effective strategy for long-term financing.
A New Metal Sensitive Flourescence Reagent

Abstract A new crown ether based fluorophoric reagent which is sensitive to divalent metal ions (e.g., Ca, Mg, Cd) is presented, The reagent displays enhanced flourescence emission when forming a complex with metal cations. The solvent system used has a profound effect on the performance of the reagent, and non-aqueous media was found to produce the most favorable conditions with respect to both sensitivity and complexign ability. Although the ligand possesses intrinsic acid/base sensitive flurescence and spectroscopic properties, the metal sensitivity is not attributed to protonation-deprotonation chemistries as is the case for many of the currently available chromogenic and fluorogenic crown reagents. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the new reagent is markedly influenced by what anion is associated with the metal of interest and the water content of the solvent matrix.
Transarterial Sorafenib Chemoembolization: Preliminary Study of Technical Feasibility in a Rabbit Model

Purpose Sorafenib is an anti-angiogenic agent associated with increased overall survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, adverse effects (diarrhea and hand-foot syndrome) of this oral agent limit compliance, and other routes of sorafenib delivery have not been explored. Sorafenib infusion from a transarterial approach may impart high intrahepatic drug concentrations to reduce the angiogenic cascade stimulated by chemoembolization hypoxia, while potentially decreasing systemic side effects. Herein, we tested the feasibility of transarterial hepatic delivery of a lipid-emulsified preparation of sorafenib using a rabbit model. Materials and Methods The left hepatic lobes of 5 New Zealand white rabbits (mean weight 2.7±0.2 kg) were treated with chemoembolization using sorafenib and ethiodized oil emulsion, followed by immediate sacrifice. Post-procedure non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan was used to evaluate intrahepatic chemotherapy mixture distribution. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was then used to directly measure sorafenib concentration in treated liver tissue. Histopathologic assessment of treated left lobes was performed to identify any immediate toxic effects of the sorafenib solution. Results Lobar sorafenib chemoembolization was successfully performed in all cases via the left hepatic artery. Mean 6.4±3.8 mg sorafenib and 0.85±0.7 mL ethiodized oil was injected. CT confirmed targeted left hepatic lobe sorafenib emulsion delivery in all cases. Corresponding LC-MS/MS analysis yielded mean sorafenib concentration of 20.62±8.55 mcg/mL in treated left lobe samples (n=5), almost five times greater than typical therapeutic drug levels (4.65 mcg/mL) achieved with oral sorafenib systemic therapy. Histopathologic assessment showed only mild or moderate non-specific ballooning degeneration in zone 3 hepatocytes without tissue necrosis. Conclusion Targeted transarterial sorafenib delivery is feasible and results in higher tissue drug levels than systemic sorafenib therapy, without immediate tissue toxicity. Future studies should aim to determine the utility of sorafenib chemoembolization in reducing hypoxia-induced vasculogenesis in liver tumors.
The CMS Regional Calorimeter Trigger Electronics Integration

The electronics for the regional calorimeter trigger (RCT) of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment (CMS) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have been produced and tested, and are being integrated with the experiment at CERN. The RCT hardware consists of 18 double-sided crates containing custom boards, ASICs, and backplanes all running at 160 MHz frequency. The RCT receives 8 bit energies and a data quality bit on 1008 4times1.2 Gbaud copper links from the hadron calorimeter (HCAL) and the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) trigger primitive generators (TPGs), accepting new events every 25 ns. RCT processing determines the jet region energies, and, sorted isolated and non-isolated electromagnetic objects, which are sent to the CMS global calorimeter trigger (GCT) for further processing. Before installation, both self-tests, using RCT jet capture card, and integration tests with TPG and GCT systems were performed. Their results of these tests and the RCT installation experience are described.
HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION EFFECTS ON POLYACRYLATES AND POLYMETHACRYLATES

Chemical and physical changes produced in polymethacrylates and polyacrylates by ionizing radiations are examined in the light of data revealing molecular structural changes and ultimate fagmentation products. A 1,4-diradical or concerted mechanism is postulated for polymethacrylate main-chain scission. (auth)
Race/ethnic differences in the prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Background. Very few large national epidemiologic surveys have examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Asians and Native Americans due to small sample sizes. Very little is also known about the co-occurrences between substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders among these two minority groups and how their rates compare to Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics.Method. Analyses were based on a large (n=43093) nationally representative survey of the adult (18+ years), U.S. population supplemented by a group quarters sampling frame. Prevalences and associations of major DSM-IV mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were examined among all major race/ethnic subgroups of the population.Results. Twelve-month rates of most mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were generally greatest among Native Americans and lowest among Asians. For most race/ethnic subgroups, alcohol and drug dependence, but not abuse, were significantly associated with mood disorders. With few exceptions, there were no significant associations between alcohol and drug abuse and anxiety disorders. In contrast, alcohol dependence was associated with most anxiety disorders among Whites, Blacks and Asians, but not among Native Americans.Conclusions. The 12-month prevalence of substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders varied greatly across the five major race/ethnic subgroups of the population. Twelve-month co-occurrence of substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders was pervasive among all race/ethnic subgroups. Future research is also needed to understand race/ethnic differentials in prevalence and co-occurrence of these disorders with a particular focus on factors that may give rise to them.
INCUBATION BEHAVIORS AND PATTERNS OF NEST ATTENDANCE IN COMMON GOLDENEYES IN INTERIOR ALASKA

Abstract We hypothesized that nest attendance characteristics in Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) at the northern limit of their range differ from those of more southern populations. In 2002 and 2003, we used artificial eggs containing temperature-sensing data loggers to obtain nest attendance data from 20 incubating females over 515 days. On average (± SE), each female spent 79.8 ± 0.3% of the day on the nest, and took 2.9 ± 0.1 recesses per day, each averaging 100.7 ± 1.5 minutes. These recess characteristics were comparable to those reported for other Common Goldeneye populations. Most recesses (88%) occurred between 09:00 and 22:00 Alaskan Daylight Time although recesses were initiated at all times of day. Female incubation behavior does not appear to be strongly influenced by coarse-level environmental variables or the female-specific variables that we measured, but could be related to a complex assortment of fine-scale environmental or endogenous factors. Comportamientos de Incubacion y Patron...
Esophageal dysphagia as the sole symptom in type I chiari malformation

Chiari malformations, also called Arnold-Chiari deformities, are rare hindbrain herniations that may present in children or adults. The most common symptoms include headache, syncope, disordered eye movement, sensory loss, weakness, and cerebellar features such as ataxia. Dysphagia occurs in 5–15% of patients, although only a few reports describe dysphagia as the only presenting symptom. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with a three-year history of dysphagia, chest pain, and weight loss. Esophageal manometrics revealed markedly disordered esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux. Her symptoms failed to respond to high doses of omeprazole, prokinetics, and eventually surgical fundoplication. The subsequent onset of neurological symptoms led to the diagnosis of Chiari type I malformation. Following posterior craniotomy with decompression, her dysphagia and chest discomfort completely resolved. Repeat esophageal manometrics revealed complete resolution of prior abnormalities.