cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Force measurement study of engineered collagen-chitosan scaffold using Atomic Force Microscopy

The structure and properties of scaffold are important in cell-based tissue engineering, especially the mechanical property. Here, we quantify the dynamic oscillatory mechanical behavior of two kinds of porous collagen/chitosan scaffolds. The Young's Modulus were measured in PBS using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based nano-indentation in response to an imposed oscillatory deformation as a function of force, which can be converted to Young's Modulus. Collagen/chitosan scaffolds with different ratio (8:2 and 7:3, V/V), which already showed good properties for cell culture, were tested. The Young's Modulus of collagen/chitosan scaffold with ratio 7:3 is bigger than that of 8:2, which is consistent with our expectation. Force curves were obtained first from indentation, and then Young's Modulus was determined using a proper Hertz contact mathematical model. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of mice pancreas and heart were obtained as controls. The results indicated that AFM-based nano-indentation is a good method for the mechanical property testing of porous scaffold.
Exercise induces lipoprotein lipase and GLUT-4 protein in muscle independent of adrenergic-receptor signaling

Exercise increases the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle. Intense exercise increases catecholamines, and catecholamines without exercise can affect the expression...
Patient awareness of need for hepatitis a vaccination (prophylaxis) before international travel.

Introduction Although hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is preventable through vaccination, cases associated with international travel continue to occur. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of international travel and countries visited among persons infected with HAV and assess reasons why travelers had not received hepatitis A vaccine before traveling. Methods Using data from sentinel surveillance for HAV infection in seven US counties during 1996 to 2006, we examined the role of international travel in hepatitis A incidence and the reasons for patients not being vaccinated. Results Of 2,002 hepatitis A patients for whom travel history was available, 300 (15%) reported traveling outside of the United States. Compared to non-travelers, travelers were more likely to be female [odds ratio (OR) = 1.74 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.35, 2.24)], aged 0 to 17 years [OR = 3.30 (1.83, 5.94)], Hispanic [OR = 3.69 (2.81, 4.86)], Asian [OR = 2.00 (1.06, 3.77)], and were less likely to be black non-Hispanic [OR = 0.30 (0.11, 0.82)]. The majority, 189 (61.6%), had traveled to Mexico. The most common reason for not getting pre-travel vaccination was “Didn't know I could [or should] get shots” [100/154 (65%)]. Conclusion Low awareness of HAV vaccination was the predominant reason for not being protected before travel. Different modes of traveler education could improve prevention of hepatitis A. To highlight the risk of infection before traveling to endemic countries including Mexico, travel and consulate websites could list reminders of vaccine recommendations.
Spectral Clustering and Embedding with Hidden Markov Models

Clustering has recently enjoyed progress via spectral methods which group data using only pairwise affinities and avoid parametric assumptions. While spectral clustering of vector inputs is straightforward, extensions to structured data or time-series data remain less explored. This paper proposes a clustering method for time-series data that couples non-parametric spectral clustering with parametric hidden Markov models (HMMs). HMMs add some beneficial structural and parametric assumptions such as Markov properties and hidden state variables which are useful for clustering. This article shows that using probabilistic pairwise kernel estimates between parametric models provides improved experimental results for unsupervised clustering and visualization of real and synthetic datasets. Results are compared with a fully parametric baseline method (a mixture of hidden Markov models) and a non-parametric baseline method (spectral clustering with non-parametric time-series kernels).
The Amputee Mobility Predictor: An instrument to assess determinants of the lower-limb amputee's ability to ambulate

Abstract Gailey RS, Roach KE, Applegate EB, Cho B, Cunniffe B, Licht S, Maguire M, Nash MS. The Amputee Mobility Predictor: an instrument to assess determinants of the lower-limb amputee ability to ambulate. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:613-27. Objectives: To describe the development of the Amputee Mobility Predictor© (AMP) instrument designed to measure ambulatory potential of lower-limb amputees with (AMPPRO) and without (AMPnoPRO) the use of a prosthesis, and to test its reliability and validity. Design: Measurement study using known groups method and concurrence with existing measures. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: A convenience sample of 191 lower-limb amputee subjects who had completed prosthetic training, 24 in the reliability study (mean age ± standard deviation, 68.3±17.9y, range, 28-99y) and 167 in the validity study (mean age, 54.8±18.6y; range, 18-100y). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Intra- and interrater reliability; construct validy by known groups method; concurrent validity by comparisons with 6-minute walk test, Comorbidity Index, age, and time since amputation; predictive validity by comparison with 6-minute walk test after controlling for other factors. Results: Interrater reliability was.99 for subjects tested with and without their prosthesis; intrarater reliability was.96 and.97. Both the AMPnoPRO ( P P r =.69, P r =.82, P r =.67, P r =.77, P r =−.69, P r =.56, P r =−.43, P r =.38, P Conclusion: The AMP with and without a prosthesis are reliable and valid measures for the assessment of functional ambulation in lower-limb amputee subjects. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The role of compressional pressure in the formation of dense bubble clouds in histotripsy

Histotripsy is a non-invasive ultrasound therapy which utilizes cavitation clouds to mechanically fractionate tissue. The mechanism by which bubble clouds form is important to understand the histotripsy process. We used high speed imaging with frame rates between 0.1 – 10 million fps to observe the progression of cloud formation. A 1 MHz spherically-focused transducer was used to apply single histotripsy pulses to optically-transparent gelatin tissue phantoms, with peak negative pressure of 19 MPa and 5–50 cycles. Dense bubble clouds were observed to first form at a distal position within the focus, and grow proximally towards the transducer, opposite the ultrasound propagation direction. Growth began from the site of single cavitation bubbles. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that the shocked waveforms from histotripsy pulses scatter from single bubbles, which invert the shock and induce a large negative pressure in its vicinity. To test this hypothesis, the positive incident shock pressure was reduced without significantly affecting the negative pressure. When the peak positive pressure was lowered, the likelihood and size of bubble clouds initiating at the focus was greatly reduced. These results suggest that the positive pressure of the incident waveform is important for generating bubble clouds in histotripsy.
An examination of women's perspectives on power

Historically, theoretical and popular conceptions about power have not included or addressed women's experiences. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about women by examining women's perceptions of and relationship to power. One hundred twenty-five women, ranging in age from 21 to 63, were asked to define and explore power through a variety of structured and open-ended questions. The results showed that women's definition of power differed significantly from their perception of society's definition of power, as well as from the way power has traditionally been conceptualized. More theoretical and empirical attention should be given to understanding the role of personal authority in both women's and men's experience of power.
A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Northern Bobwhite Covey Detection Probabilities

Abstract We compared the time-of-detection and logistic regression methods of estimating probability of detection for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) coveys. Both methods are unusual in that they allow estimation of the total probability of detection (i.e., the product of the probability that a covey is available for detection [i.e., that a covey vocalizes] and detection given availability). The logistic regression method produced an average detection probability of 0.596 (SE = 0.020) and the time-of-detection method produced a detection probability estimate of 0.540 (SE = 0.086), and the 2 estimates were not significantly different. This is the first evaluation of the time-of-detection method with empirical field data. Although the time-of-detection and logistic regression method each have advantages, both can be used under appropriate conditions to improve estimates of bobwhite abundance by allowing for the estimation of detection probabilities. Improved estimates of bobwhite abundance will allo...
Reconsidering the Role of Intentionality in Deceptive Communication A Commentary on IMT2 and TDT From a Relational Science Point of View

Traditional models of deceptive communication approach message production from a top-down, conscious-centric point of view. Information Manipulation Theory 2 and Truth Deception Theory challenge this assumption by arguing that the intent to deceive can occur during and after attempts to mislead have been enacted. I argue that this conceptual shift in our understanding of deceptive message production may be helpful to scholars studying the use of deception in relational contexts.
Non-invasive method for measuring gas pressure using sonic resonances

The Ultrasonic Pressure Detector (UPD) was developed to demonstrate a factory/field-deployable inspection technique for determining the gas pressure in the GBU-15/AGM-130 actuation system. The UPD system uses a pair of piezoelectric transducers, an IBM AT personal computer, and a computer-aided test package. The pair of transducers is magnetically coupled to the sealed vessels used in the actuator assembly. The first transducer forces a mechanical vibration while the second transducer senses motion. By making use of the resonant frequency of the gas in the vessel, a corresponding pressure is determined. It is noted that the UPD provides the only known method to test the pressure vessel of a pneumatic actuation system for proper charge. The UPD provides a quick, easy method to ensure that the hardware is flightworthy. >
An Internal Model Control Based Anti-windup Scheme for Stable Uncertain Plants with Input Saturation

Proposed is a new approach to synthesizing anti-windup compensators for stable uncertain plants subject to input saturation. Built on internal model control (IMC) anti-windup (AW) schemes, which preserve the stability robustness of the unconstrained system, a linear anti-windup compensation improves the performance. A novel structural analysis of the anti-windup system clearly reveals the impacts of the compensator on the stability robustness and the performance. This transparency allows a trade-off between the robustness and performance through the design of the anti-windup compensator. Several simple and effective methods for designing this AW compensator are suggested for the execution of this idea
Transmitters and Transceivers

This chapter contains sections titled: An Integrated Si Bipolar RF Transceiver for a Zero IF 900 MHz GSM Digital Mobile Radio Frontend of a Hand Portable Phone BBTRX: A Baseband Transceiver for a Zero IF G5M Hand Portable Station A2.7V 800MHz-2.1GHz Transceiver Chipset for Mobile Radio Applications in 25 GHz ff Si-Bipolar An Analog Radio Front-end Chip Set for a 1.9GHz Mobile Radio Telephone Application A 900MHz Transceiver Chip Set for Dual-Mode Cellular Mobil Terminals A 2.7V to 4.5V Single-Chip GSM Transceiver RF Integrated Circuit A2.7V GSM Transceiver ICs with On-Chip Filtering A 2.4 GHz Single Chip Transceiver The Future of CMOS Wireless Transceivers A 1.9G Hz Wide-Band IF Double Conversion CMOS Integrated Receiver for Cordless Telephone Telephone Applications A 2.5GHz BiCMOS Transceiver for Wireless LAN A 2.7V DECT RF Transceiver with Integrated VCO A 2.7V 2.5GHz Bipolar Chipset for Digital Wireless Communications A 2.7V GSM RF Transceiver IC
Making the Marginal Visible: Microenterprise and Urban Space in London

A research project in London is focused on the following question: Can the morphology ofcities, and the typology of urban buildings, help support grassroots economic development and the assimilation of new participants into the urban economy? We have surveyed over 2000 buildings in three London districts that have large immigrant populations, gentrification, and an active mix of shops, street markets, warehouses, and new, community-based space for start-up businesses. These surveys are resulting in maps that show the distribution of different attributes of building types, uses and businesses. We have simultaneously conducted about 120 interviews with business owners and employees, concerning the advantages of locations, building transformations, and history of the business. Combining the maps with the interviews leads to understandings of how physicalfactors of building type and location interact with the development and success of very small businesses. Our results show the following: Small businesses are established within a wide variety of building types. Most of these types allow subdivision that maintains the continuation of the public realm into the building. Synergies exist between nearby businesses of different sizes, types and status with respect togentrification. A strong hierarchy of streets, alleys and quasi-public space supports a variety of locations andrents. Although gentrification is not necessarily seen as negative by local business owners, it results inthe loss of “back-of-house” space that is useful to small vendors and local businesses. Our findings shed light on the fine-grained dynamics of urban structure, and help re-connect physical urban design to urban policy. The findings are intended to be useful to local organizations of merchants and micro-enterprises in theirefforts at self-advocacy; to local authorities which support and regulate business activity including microenterprise; and to investors and developers who want to include space for start-up businesses in theirprojects.
Vertical Visual Features Have a Strong Influence on Cuttlefish Camouflage

Cuttlefish and other cephalopods use visual cues from their surroundings to adaptively change their body pattern for camouflage. Numerous previous experiments have demonstrated the influence of two-dimensional (2D) substrates (e.g., sand and gravel habitats) on camouflage, yet many marine habitats have varied three-dimensional (3D) structures among which cuttlefish camouflage from predators, including benthic predators that view cuttlefish horizontally against such 3D backgrounds. We conducted laboratory experiments, using Sepia officinalis, to test the relative influence of horizontal versus vertical visual cues on cuttlefish camouflage: 2D patterns on benthic substrates were tested versus 2D wall patterns and 3D objects with patterns. Specifically, we investigated the influence of (i) quantity and (ii) placement of high-contrast elements on a 3D object or a 2D wall, as well as (iii) the diameter and (iv) number of 3D objects with high-contrast elements on cuttlefish body pattern expression. Additionally...
Autoradiographic characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in rat intestine

Angiotensin II is known to regulate motility and ion and water absorption in the intestine. These effects are presumed to be mediated by angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors that are present in both mucosal and muscular layers throughout the intestine. To evaluate tissue density and distribution of ANG II receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2), we performed an in situ autoradiographic study on jejunum, ileum, and colon of Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue sections (10 microns) were incubated with 500 pM 125I-[Sar1,Ile8]ANG II, fixed with paraformaldehyde vapors, and coated with photographic emulsion. Binding specificity was verified by competition with unlabeled [Sar1]ANG II (10 microM). AT1 and AT2 receptor distribution was characterized by competition with the nonpeptide antagonists losartan (10 microM) and PD123177 (10 microM), respectively, and the density of receptors was quantified by counting the silver grains overlying the different layers of intestinal wall. Specific binding was moderately abundant in the mucosa and the muscularis of both jejunum and ileum, whereas no binding was present in the submucosa and the serosa. Losartan inhibited 86% of radioligand binding to the mucosa in both jejunum and ileum, whereas PD123177 inhibited only 10%. The combination of the two compounds inhibited 96% of specific binding. In the colon, binding was significantly more abundant in the muscularis than in the mucosa. In this segment, losartan inhibited 90% and PD123177 16% of specific binding to muscularis. The combination of these compounds reduced binding by 97%. Thus the predominant ANG II receptor in all intestinal segments is AT1, but a small population of AT2 receptors also seems to be present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Where Do Low-Income Children Get Food? Combining Ground-Truthing and Technology to Improve Accuracy in Establishing Children’s Food Purchasing Behaviors

Developing nutrition-focused environmental interventions for youth requires accurate assessment of where they purchase food. We have developed an innovative, technology-based method to improve the accuracy of food source recall among children using a tablet PC and ground-truthing methodologies. As part of the B'more Healthy Communties for Kids study, we mapped and digitally photographed every food source within a half-mile radius of 14 Baltimore City recreation centers. This food source database was then used with children from the surrounding neighborhoods to search for and identify the food sources they frequent. This novel integration of traditional data collection and technology enables researchers to gather highly accurate information on food source usage among children in Baltimore City. Funding is provided by the NICHD U-54 Grant #1U54HD070725-02.
On pattern matching with k mismatches and few don't cares

We consider the problem of pattern matching with k mismatches, where there can be don't care or wild card characters in the pattern. Specifically, given a pattern P of length m and a text T of length n, we want to find all occurrences of P in T that have no more than k mismatches. The pattern can have don't care characters, which match any character. Without don't cares, the best known algorithm for pattern matching with k mismatches has a runtime of [Formula: see text]. With don't cares in the pattern, the best deterministic algorithm has a runtime of O(nk polylog m). Therefore, there is an important gap between the versions with and without don't cares. In this paper we give an algorithm whose runtime increases with the number of don't cares. We define an island to be a maximal length substring of P that does not contain don't cares. Let q be the number of islands in P. We present an algorithm that runs in [Formula: see text] time. If the number of islands q is O(k) this runtime becomes [Formula: see text], which essentially matches the best known runtime for pattern matching with k mismatches without don't cares. If the number of islands q is O(k2), this algorithm is asymptotically faster than the previous best algorithm for pattern matching with k mismatches with don't cares in the pattern.
Stabilities and Bounds

Three configurations of internally heated convection and three configurations of Rayleigh–Benard convection are analyzed mathematically. The standard methods of determining the linear and energy stability thresholds of the static states are explained. These analyses yield Rayleigh numbers above which the static states are linearly unstable and Rayleigh numbers below which they are globally stable. The resulting thresholds are reported with high precision for various boundary conditions on the velocity. Exact analytical values, calculated by long-wavelength asymptotic, are given for configurations with heat fluxes fixed at both boundaries. We explain how the background method is used to prove lower bounds on the mean fluid temperature in all three internally heated configurations, including one for which no bound has been reported previously. In every configuration, these bounds guarantee that the mean temperature of the fluid grows with the rate of volumetric heating, H, no slower than H2∕3. The bounds are compared with upper bounds on the Nusselt number in RB convection.
Partitioning of Sr, Ba, Rb, Y, and LREE between alkali feldspar and peraluminous silicic magma

Samples from well-known rhyolitic systems in the western USA were analyzed to determine trace-element partition coefficients between sanidine and coexisting melt. Both D Sr and D Eu correlate positively with An concentration in sanidine. Barium, not surprisingly, shows more correlation with Or in sanidine. All three show negative correlations with whole-rock Al2O3. Partition coefficients for REE show a decreasing trend with strong positive D Eu. D LREE correlate negatively with the whole-rock Al2O3. In peraluminous rocks, Al2O3 in magma seems to exert a major influence on partition coefficients of trace elements. With increasing Al2O3 concentration, the melt composition becomes increasingly similar to that of feldspar. Incompatible trace elements (Rb, Y, Nb, and Zr) in sanidine show positive trends whereas compatible trace elements (Sr, Eu, and Ba) show negative correlations when plotted against whole-rock Al2O3. LREEs, which are expected to substitute for Ca in the sanidine structure, behave like Sr and Eu. Because trace-element partitioning is influenced by both crystal and magma compositions, multiple regression analysis has been used to predict trace-element partition coefficients. The equations will assist workers in the selection of partition coefficients used in petrogenetic models of silicic systems.
Social worker trauma: Building resilience in child protection social workers

Child protection social workers can experience psychological trauma effects as a result of their work. This article considers the utility of the trauma perspective in understanding and intervening ...
Downward Departures in the Post-Booker Era

### How Is Diminished Capacity Defined? In U.S. v. Valdez , 426 F.3d 178 (2nd Cir. 2005), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reviewed the sentencing of Felix Valdez by the District (trial) Court for the Southern District of New York to determine if the court had incorrectly
External Sphincterotomy at the 12 O’Clock Position

AbstractTransurethral resection of the external sphincter was done at the 12 o’clock position 61 times in 60 men. There was a 2.8 per cent incidence of postoperative impotence and a 75 per cent cure of vesicoureteral reflux but there was only a 65 per cent success rate of decreasing post-voiding residual urine after 6 months. The techniques and applications of the procedure are discussed.
Localization of endovascular infection by selective catheterization with serial cultures

Pseudomonas infection developed at the suture line of an aortic graft in a patient 13 years after the operation. The site of the infection was localized by quantitative blood cultures taken with the aid of selective arterial catheterization. This technique may be of great help in localizing the source of endovascular infection in difficult cases.
King Jeongjo's Patronage of Kim Hong-do

The eighteenth-century Korean painter Kim Hong-do 金弘道 (1745–ca. 1806) still dazzles today’s viewers with his paintings of genre scenes and Daoist immortals, just as he astonished his contemporaries with his talent and versatility. Although he had numerous patrons, none had as much impact on his art as King Jeongjo 正祖 (r. 1776–1800). By examining written records and Kim’s extant paintings, this paper explores and assesses the significance of King Jeongjo’s patronage in unlocking the opportunities that enabled Kim Hong-do to reach his full potential as the most versatile painter in Korea.
“The sole owners of the land”: Empire, war, and authority in the Guajira Peninsula, 1761–1779

ABSTRACTThis essay reverses conventional images of the colonial Atlantic world by showing how Native power and politics set the parameters within which Spanish colonial officials acted. It charts shifting alliances between the latter and Guajiro alaulayus (leaders) – who were related by blood or marriage – in the 1760s and 1770s, and between alaulayus and the captains of non-Spanish ships. It argues that conflict and competition among alaulayus determined the contours and limits of such alliances. Conflict and competition among alaulayus, in turn, was fueled by perceived violations of Guajiro law concerning property rights, principally cattle rustling, as well as by conflicts over access to key Atlantic ports. Thus Guajiro kinship, law, property relations, trade, and politics dictated the terms, extent, and success of Spanish engagement, missionary as well as martial. Spanish presence was contingent on the goodwill of one or more Guajiro alaulayus, whose power derived in part from the broader Atlantic tra...
Educational and School Psychology in Newfoundland and Labrador: A 15-Year Follow-Up.

Educational psychology is an important profession in the Newfoundland and Labrador school system. Educational psychologists have core training in the areas of education and psychology and offer a variety of services to students, families, and teachers in the school system. This article builds on Martin’s reflections by exploring the evolution of the profession over the past 15 years. The history of professional training and education within the province is highlighted along with regulatory considerations for psychology registration. The implementation of a standard of practice for the role of the educational psychologist in the school system is discussed along with practice considerations for the role. Finally, recommendations and future considerations are explored.
Some Implications of the "Next Generation" in Infrared Astronomy

This conference has made it abundantly clear that infrared arrays provide observing capabilities suitable for all branches of astronomical inquiry.
THE ELECTRON DENSITY IN EXPLOSIVE TRANSITION REGION EVENTS OBSERVED BY IRIS

We discuss the intensity ratio of the O iv line at 1401.16 A to the Si iv line at 1402.77 A in Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectra. This intensity ratio is important if it can be used to measure high electron densities that cannot be measured using line intensity ratios of two different O iv lines from the multiplet within the IRIS wavelength range. Our discussion is in terms of considerably earlier observations made from the Skylab manned space station and other spectrometers on orbiting spacecraft. The earlier data on the O iv and Si iv ratio and other intersystem line ratios not available to IRIS are complementary to IRIS data. In this paper, we adopt a simple interpretation based on electron density. We adopt a set of assumptions and calculate the electron density as a function of velocity in the Si iv line profiles of two explosive events. At zero velocity the densities are about 2–3 × 1011 cm−3, and near 200 km s−1 outflow speed the densities are about 1012 cm−3. The densities increase with outflow speed up to about 150 km s−1 after which they level off. Because of the difference in the temperature of formation of the two lines and other possible effects such as non-ionization equilibrium, these density measurements do not have the precision that would be available if there were some additional lines near the formation temperature of O iv.
PHYSICAL OPTICS: DIFFRACTION

This chapter discusses an aspect of interference called diffraction, which can result when a wave strikes an obstacle. When a wave encounters an obstacle or a series of obstacles, portions of the wave are removed, and the remaining portions are scattered. These scattered portions of the wave are called secondary waves. Secondary waves can interfere with each other, and this interference is called diffraction. The diffraction pattern for light waves is a pattern of bright and dark areas corresponding to regions of constructive and destructive interference. The form of the diffraction pattern depends on the size and shape of the obstruction and on the wavelength of the light. The chapter discusses the diffraction of light by a single narrow slit and the diffraction of light by a system of many slits. It shows how a system of many slits, called a diffraction grating, can be used to measure wavelengths with great precision. The chapter further discusses the use of a very special type of diffraction pattern called a hologram to form three-dimensional images.
Biopsy of enlarging lesions after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases frequently reveals radiation necrosis.

Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers excellent local control for brain metastases (BM) with low rates of toxicity. Radiation necrosis (RN) may occur after treatment and is challenging to distinguish from local recurrence (LR). We evaluated enlarging brain lesions following SRS that were subsequently biopsied to differentiate RN versus LR. Methods This study reviewed patients receiving SRS for BM between 2008 and 2012 who underwent a biopsy for suspicion of RN versus LR on MRI. Data collection included demographics, radiation parameters, imaging findings, and post-biopsy pathology. Kaplan-Meier methods determined overall survival. Fisher's exact test assessed for association between lesion biopsy result and variables of interest. Results Thirty-four patients with 35 biopsied BM were included. Lesions were biopsied a median of 8.8 months after SRS. Most patients had primary lung cancer (11; 31.4%). Eleven (31.4%) biopsies were positive for LR and 24 (68.6%) showed RN only. Median overall survival was longer for patients with RN (31.0 mo) than for patients with LR (14.5 mo; P = 0.135). Time from SRS to biopsy was significantly different between RN and LR groups; 10 lesions (52.5%) biopsied ≤9 months after SRS showed LR, whereas 1 lesion (6.3%) biopsied >9 months after SRS showed LR (P = 0.004). For 16 (65.7%) lesions, management was changed or directed by the biopsy results. Conclusions Stereotactic biopsy for accessible enlarging lesions after SRS appears diagnostically valuable in patients with few lesions and changes clinical management. RN should be suspected in patients with an enlarging lesion more than 9 months post-SRS.
An oral form of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone reduces monocyte activation and traffic to the dorsal root ganglia in a primate model of HIV-peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a major comorbidity of HIV infection that is caused in part by chronic immune activation. HIV-PN is associated with infiltration of monocytes/macrophages to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) causing neuronal loss and formation of Nageotte nodules. Here, we used an oral form of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, to specifically reduce activation of myeloid cells. MGBG is selectively taken up by monocyte/macrophages in vitro and inhibits HIV p24 expression and DNA viral integration in macrophages. Here, MGBG was administered to nine SIV-infected, CD8-depleted rhesus macaques at 21 days post-infection (dpi). An additional nine SIV-infected, CD8-depleted rhesus macaques were used as untreated controls. Cell traffic to tissues was measured by in vivo BrdU pulse labeling. MGBG treatment significantly diminished DRG histopathology and reduced the number of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in DRG tissue. The number of recently trafficked BrdU+ cells in the DRG was significantly reduced with MGBG treatment. Despite diminished DRG pathology, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) did not recover after treatment with MGBG. These data suggest that MGBG alleviated DRG pathology and inflammation.
The Correlation Between Concepts of Resilience and Remote Experiment in Education

The role of virtual environment in relation with the resilience concept of has not yet been analyzed in depth. Educators cannot determine the resilience level of students as the trademark earned or inherited. But instead, they can create the educational conditions, enabling the resilience manifestation at higher level when the circumstances requires. The remote experiment, as a component brought in education by the virtual environment, are included in the present analyze, with them relevant benefits. The paper illustrates the fact that the problems, generated by the educational environment that aims at resilience education, are partly satisfied by the virtual environment qualities. Was succeeds to illustrate that the virtual environment (remote experiment) might contribute at resilience level increasing.
Modular Dynamic Simulation of Wheeled Mobile Robots

This paper presents a modular method for 3D dynamic simulation of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). Our method extends efficient dynamics algorithms based on spatial vector algebra to accommodate any articulated WMR configuration. In contrast to some alternatives, our method also supports complex, nonlinear wheel-ground contact models. Instead of directly adding contact forces, we solve for them in a novel differential algebraic equation (DAE) formulation. To make this possible we resolve issues of nonlinearity and overconstraint. We demonstrate our method’s flexibility and speed through simulations of two state-of-the-art WMR platforms and wheel-ground contact models. Simulation accuracy is verified in a physical experiment.
Site Specific Heterogeneity of N-Linked Oligosaccharides on Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study investigating site specific heterogeneity of N-linked oligosaccharides on recombinant human erythropoietin. Enzymes used for peptide cleavages were Sequencing Grade Glu-C from ProMega and trypsin from Boehringer Mannheim. Enzyme digests were done at 37°C for 18 h using ratios of enzyme to protein of 1:25 and 1:50, respectively. Separatiort of peptides was performed on a Hewlett-Packard 1090M HPLC using a Vydac C4 column. The gradient was 0–50% acetonitrile in 0.06% triflouroacetic acid in 80 min. N-terminal sequencing of peptides was done on an ABI 473A Protein Sequencer. Cleavage of the oligosaccharides from the peptides was done with recombinant N -glycanase from Genzyme in the presence of ImM Sodium Azide in water and at 37°C for 72 h. The three N -glycosylation sites of rHuEPO were identified by the presence of glucosamine in the amino acid composition of the peptides containing the putative N-glycosylation sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr.
Luxury Fashion Consumers: Comparing High and Low Guilt Groups

The rising consumer thirst for "guilt-free consumption" has drawn great attention from both academia and marketers. Although guilt is deemed a problematic emotion for brands as it negatively influences repurchase intention, few researchers have focused on this negative emotion of guilt in the luxury fashion consumption domain. We build upon the framework of Self-Determination Theory and Self-Discrepancy Theory to understand the relationships between consumer values (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic) and emotion. We employ a decision tree analysis to profile luxury fashion consumers into high guilt (HG) and low guilt (LG) groups and identify the significant values and demographics associated with each group. Findings show that all the three intrinsic values (i.e., social-, environmental-consciousness, and seeking personal style) were found significant in profiling HG and LG luxury fashion consumers, whereas only status consciousness was identified as the significant extrinsic value.
Topologies on abelian lattice ordered groups induced by a positive filter and completeness

We consider topologies on an abelian lattice ordered group that are determined by the absolute value and a positive filter. We show that the topological completions of these objects are also determined by the absolute value and a positive filter. We investigate the connection between the topological completion of such objects and the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of the underlying lattice ordered group. We consider the preservation of completeness for such topologies with respect to homomorphisms of lattice ordered groups. Finally, we show that topologies defined in terms of absolute value and a positive filter on the space C(X) of all real-valued continuous functions defined on a completely regular topological space X are always complete.
Abstract PL02-01: Advancing cancer diagnostics with artificial intelligence

Rendering cancer diagnoses from tissues is a highly complex process that requires many years of expert training. It involves challenging tasks for pathologists, such as identifying rare events in very large images (e.g., micrometastases in lymph nodes) or classifying subtle differences between normal vs tumor or among similar-looking tumors that have very different treatment plans. These tasks are typically more challenging for human cognition, and, consequently, over- and underdiagnoses are not uncommon, resulting in nonoptimal treatment selection. Deep learning, a type of machine intelligence, has been successfully applied to solve similar identification and classification problems for Gmail, Google Maps, Google Photos, Google Translate, etc., and may have the potential to solve these similar challenges in the practice of pathology and help improve patient9s diagnoses. This talk will begin by providing a brief background on deep learning and how it has been utilized at Google for health care and non-health care applications. The latter half of the talk will discuss the potential of deep learning to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the pathology workflow while highlighting recent advances towards that goal. Citation Format: Jason D. Hipp, Martin Stumpe. Advancing cancer diagnostics with artificial intelligence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PL02-01.
Primary hemangiopericytoma of liver associated with hypoglycemia. Report of a case.

This is a report of a 48-year-old male American Indian with a primary hemangiopericytoma of the liver and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia who died with massive intestinal hemorrhage from infiltration of the tumor into the first portion of the duodenum. This is the fourth known primary hemangiopericytoma of the liver and is the first with associated hypoglycemia. Review of the literature reveals 63 other primary hepatic neoplasms with related hypoglycemia; 58 were hepatocellular carcinomas, two were cholangiocarcinomas and the remaining three were fibroma, neurofibroma and fibrosarcoma. Excessive consumption of glucose by the tumor is suggested as the most appealing explanation for the hypoglycemia.
Optimization of Impulsive Europa Capture Trajectories using Primer Vector Theory

The optimization of impulsive, three-dimensional transfer trajectories to capture at Europa is investigated. Two initial conditions are considered: a halo orbit in the vicinity of Europa, and a resonant orbit around Jupiter. Primer vector theory is utilized to determine the number of impulses and the gradient information needed for this highly nonlinear, many revolution optimization problem. A custom multi-shooting algorithm is developed to mitigate the extreme sensitivities from long flight times through regions dominated by chaotic dynamics. New equations are derived to inform decisions to keep or remove small intermediate maneuvers. Optimization of previously generated, near-optimal halo-to-capture transfers verifies that an energetic-based minimum ΔV provides a good initial measure of optimality. For the resonant boundary scenario, a new 3D periodic orbit is generated that incorporates natural transfers between a resonant orbit and a halo orbit. The intermediate halo orbit enables phase-free connection of the capture and resonant phases. The end-to-end transfers successfully converge to quasi-ballistic, manifold-like trajectories.
Freeze-in production of dark matter prior to early matter domination

Freeze-out or freeze-in during a period of early matter domination can yield the correct dark matter abundance for small values of the velocity-averaged annihilation cross section, $⟨{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ann}}v{⟩}_{\mathrm{f}}l\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}26}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. However, in a generic nonstandard thermal history, such a period is typically preceded by other phases. Here, we study production of dark matter in a simple postinflationary history where a radiation-dominated phase after reheating is followed by an epoch of early matter domination. Focusing on the freeze-in regime, we show that dark matter production prior to early matter domination can dominate the relic abundance in large parts of the parameter space, including weak scale dark matter masses, and the allowed regions are highly dependent on the entire postinflationary history. Moreover, for a very broad range of $⟨{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ann}}v{⟩}_{\mathrm{f}}$ spanning over several decades, dark matter particles can start in chemical equilibrium early on and decouple during early matter domination, thereby rendering the relic abundance essentially independent of $⟨{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ann}}v{⟩}_{\mathrm{f}}$. We briefly discuss connections to different observables as a possible means to test the elusive freeze-in scenario in this case.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Ocular Sarcoidosis Confirms HLA Associations and Implicates Barrier Function and Autoimmunity in African Americans

Purpose: Identify genes associated with ocular sarcoidosis (OS).Methods: We genotyped 1.1 million genetic variants to identify significant OS associations, defined as those that achieved p < 5 × 10...
RIFT, a model of sedimentary basin evolution by finite rate, non-uniform, pure shear extension of the lithosphere

Abstract A model of sedimentary basin formation by finite rate, non-uniform pure shear extension of the lithosphere is described. This model can be applied to problems of superimposed rifting events and generally non-uniform extension. Existing models of instantaneous pure shear extension (McKenzie, 1978) and subsequent modifications (Jarvis and Mackenzie, 1980, Royden and Keen, 1980) have been applied, with success, to many extensional basins. All these models assume a linear, equilibrium temperature profile throughout the lithosphere prior to rifting. However, where several rifting phases have occurred throughout the history of a basin, the assumption of an initially linear, equilibrium temperature profile is not necessarily valid. The model described here is developed from the models of McKenzie (1978) and Jarvis and McKenzie (1980) to calculate the effects of any extension on any initial temperature profile. In the present model, the lithosphere is divided into any number of layers (N) of equal thickness, each of which is assigned an extension factor. In this way, any non-uniform stretching event can be modelled. Initial and thermal subsidences and heat flow variation are calculated using the equations of McKenzie (1978) and McKenzie and Jarvis (1980) adapted for the multilayer model. Extension of the lithosphere with a non-equilibrium temperature profile is modelled by adjusting the extension factors to those necessary to obtain the final temperature profile from the equilibrium state. This extension will in general vary with depth, a situation that can be simulated using the multilayer model. Program RIFT (in standard Fortran) has been written to compute the model. The lithosphere is divided into 100 layers, each of which can be extended by a different amount. Finite rate rifting is modelled as a series of small rifting events, each of which is followed by a short cooling period. Subsidence values are computed for the water filled basin (tectonic subsidence). However, prior to the second and subsequent rifting events, the basin is filled to a specified water depth with sediments composed of 50% shale and 50% sandstone, taking compaction into account. This gives a more realistic estimate for crustal thickness immediately prior to the next rifting event. The program outputs a sequence of tectonic subsidence and heat flow values at time intervals specified by the user. The model is used to estimate the probable effects of Triassic rifting on subsidence and heat flow during and after Jurassic extension in the northern North Sea. Effects are greatest on thermal subsidence and remnant Triassic thermal subsidence can contribute as much as 30% to Jurassic thermal subsidence when Triassic extension factors are in the region of 1.5 and Jurassic factors around 1.25. The advantages and limitations of the model are discussed.
Quality Improvement Efforts Reduce Incidence of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Deaths.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether a regional quality improvement (QI) initiative decreased incidence and severity of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of all VLBW infants who received care at one of the three hospitals involved in a NEC QI initiative from 2011 to 2016. Primary outcome was the number of surgical NEC cases per year. Secondary outcomes included associated outcomes and mortality. RESULTS Sixty-three infants with either a diagnosis of Stage III NEC (n = 40) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) (n = 23) were included. The incidence of medical and surgical NEC and the mortality rate of infants with surgical NEC decreased over time. Incidence and mortality of SIP did not significantly change. CONCLUSION A regional QI bundle to reduce the overall incidence of NEC also significantly decreased the incidence of surgical NEC and all-cause mortality of infants diagnosed with surgical NEC. KEY POINTS · QI reduces surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.. · Reduction in NEC rate improves mortality.. · Human milk does not change SIP incidence..
An evaluation of recurrent hypoglycemia across Chicago, Illinois

Abstract Aims Recurrent hypoglycemia is understudied. This study evaluates recurrent hypoglycemia, fragmentation of care and mortality in a large urban center. Methods The Chicago HealthLNK Data Repository (CHDR), a de-identified electronic health record data set from institutions across Chicago, identified 9741 patients with diabetes (DM) who had hypoglycemia (emergency department (ED) or inpatient admission (IA)) from 2006 to 2012. Recurrence was defined as more than one hypoglycemia encounter, and fragmentation of health care was defined as an ED visit or IA for hypoglycemia at >1 site. Results 187,644 patients were identified with DM; of 9741 patients with hypoglycemia, 2857 (29.3%) had recurrence. Patients with ≥4 hypoglycemic encounters (n = 1035) represented 10.6%, but accounted for 40.3% hypoglycemic encounters. Of 2857 patients with recurrence, 304 patients (10.6%) had fragmented care. In those with high hypoglycemic encounters (≥4), 22% (N = 226) had ≥10 encounters; race and insurance status differences were associated with number of hypoglycemic encounters. Having hypoglycemia was associated with increased mortality compared to no hypoglycemia (n = 2696, 27.7% vs n = 20,188, 11.4%; p Conclusion A small subset of patients with hypoglycemia accounted for a large subset of hypoglycemia encounters. Targeted interventions in this high-risk, high mortality group are needed.