cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression, patient characteristics, and attachment style: correlates and mediators of medication treatment adherence in a racially diverse primary care sample.

Background The depth and breadth of problems related to depressive symptomatology and optimal treatment outcomes, including medication treatment adherence, have long been documented in the literature. Missing are clear explanations as to what factors and patient characteristics may account for lack of medication treatment adherence. Objectives The two objectives of the current study were to examine the predictive strength of depression, patient characteristics, and patient attachment style regarding medication treatment adherence and to consider the extent to which attachment styles mediate the relation between depression and medication treatment adherence. Method Participants in the present study were 237 racially diverse American primary care patients with a diagnosis of hypertension who were participants in a clinical trial. Depression, patient characteristics, attachment style, and medication treatment adherence were assessed. Results Partly consistent with our four hypotheses, the following results were found: (a) Black American, younger, never married, and poorer patients had lower medication treatment adherence (b) depression was significantly associated with lower self-reported medication adherence; (c) insecure-dismissing attachment style was related to lower medication adherence; and (d) insecure-dismissing attachment style mediates the relation between depression and medication treatment adherence by exacerbating the negative association. Conclusion Physicians and other primary care providers should consider how depressive symptomatology, patient characteristics, and attachment style may inform the treatment plans they put forward and the extent to which patients may adhere to those treatment plans.
Online Reading Comprehension: Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT : This paper details a number of challenges and opportunities for today’s learners when reading for information on the Internet. After defining online reading comprehension from a new literac ies perspective and how it appears to be different than offline reading comprehension, I highlight details about four of the biggest challenges for today’s learners. These include 1) understanding and becoming proficient with the new literacy skills and practices needed for online research; 2) developing a special kind of digital wisdom that focuses on learning how to learn with the Internet; 3) taking on new roles in a digital culture that expects learners to actively participate and contribute with new knowledge as a member of their community; and 4) developing positive attitudes toward using the Internet for academic work. The second part of the paper shares examples of how skilled online readers can use the steps of online inquiry to think more deeply about topics that interest them; develop a personal voice as they share ideas with others; and work collaboratively to build meaning and new digital products that enable them to make a difference in their world, or matter. You can explore the research and resources from this presentation in more depth at . KEYWORDS : online reading comprehension; online inquiry; digital literacy; reading on the Internet; online readers. RESUMO : Este artigo detalha alguns desafios e oportunidades para o aprendiz contemporâneo, quando ele le para obter informacoes na Internet. Depois de definir a compreensao da leitura online pela perspectiva dos novos letramentos e de mostrar como ela parece se diferir da leitura do impresso, eu destaco detalhes a respeito de quatro dos maiores desafios para os aprendizes na atualidade. Eles incluem: 1) compreender e se tornar proficiente nas habilidades dos novos letramentos e nas praticas necessarias para a pesquisa na Internet; 2) desenvolver um tipo especial de conhecimento digital que focaliza o aprender a aprender com a Internet; 3) a assumir novos papeis na cultura digital que espera que alunos, como membros de uma comunidade, participem ativamente e contribuam com ela trazendo novos conhecimentos; e 4) o desenvolvimento de atitudes positivas em relacao ao uso da Internet para o trabalho academico. Na segunda parte do artigo compartilho exemplos de como leitores de Internet habilidosos podem usar as etapas da pesquisa online para pensar mais profundamente sobre temas que interessam a eles; como podem desenvolver sua propria voz quando eles trocam ideias com outras pessoas; e de como eles podem trabalhar de forma colaborativa para construir sentidos e produtos digitais que lhes permitam fazer a diferenca em seu mundo, ou naquele assunto. Voce pode explorar a pesquisa e os recursos usados nesta apresentacao de forma mais aprofundada no . PALAVRAS - CHAVE : compreensao da leitura on-line; pesquisa on-line; letramento digital; leitura na Internet; leitores online.
CYPs, SNPs, and Molecular Diagnosis in the Postgenomic Era

Advances in the Human Genome Project have profoundly influenced not only the search for new genes, but also the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders. In the early 1980s, the first generation of the human genome map was based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) identified by Southern analysis (1). Linkage analysis by RFLP became a very powerful tool for molecular diagnosis. The early 1990s saw the rise of the second generation of mapping, based on microsatellite markers and PCR amplification (2). These multiallelic polymorphisms are much more informative than RFLPs and simpler to study. We are now witnessing the third generation of genome mapping, based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and analyzed by PCR and chip-based microarrays (3). An SNP involves any nucleotide of the human genome in which two different bases can be found in the population. SNPs are the most common type of human genetic variation. Because they have only two alleles, they are less informative than microsatellites. This drawback is overcome by their high density throughout the genome and the simplicity and possible automation of their analysis. They may become one of the most powerful tools in human genetics for identifying disease genes and …
Hypersecretinemia Associated with Marked Basal Hyperchlorhydria in Man and Dog

Abstract Fasting immunoreactive plasma secretin ranged from 160 to 900 pg/ml in 6 subjects with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZE), was 500 pg/ml in one ZE dog and 200 and 250 pg/ml in two duodenal ulcer (DU) patients having normal basal plasma gastrin but basal acid outputs in excess of 15 mEq/hr. In contrast in only 4 of 13 DU patients with basal acid outputs less than 10 mEq/hr and 4 of 13 normals did fasting secretin exceed the limit of detectability, 20 pg/ml; in these the secretin levels ranged up to 50 pg/ml. Ingestion of a mixed meal suppressed the mean plasma secretin to 601 of the pre-meal level in 3 ZE patients and to 291 in the 2 DU patients with hyper secret inemia but was associated with a modest rise in plasma secretin in the 8 patients with fasting secretin in the range of 20 pg/ml to 50 pg/ml.
Cognitive style, EEG waveforms and brain levels

Reviewer's introduction. This is the second communication on this topic. I am excited to bring our readers results on brain lateralization research soon after three American-based researchers were awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pioneering work which helped penetrate the complex inner workings of the brain. In particular, Dr. R.W. Sperry was honored for mapping the various portions of the brain and their highly specialized functions. I am thankful to the authors of the study presented herein for their willingness to submit it to the scru tiny of the HSM readership at such a crucial time. I would like to encourage others to keep this burgeoning dialo gue alive.
Do We Change Gifted Children to Fit Gifted Programs, or Do We Change Gifted Programs to Fit Gifted Children?.

In this article, I present a framework that can be used in our work with special groups of gifted students—one that recognizes the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), racism, and other limiting factors on educational achievement and provides a blueprint for interventions. This framework stems from Urie Bronfrenbrenner's ecological theory of development and emphasizes the role of social support systems in the development of talent. I then argue that two important reasons to retain a strong focus on programs that serve minority students include the fact that the gap in achievement between minority and nonminority children is pervasive and exists even at high socioeconomic levels and that minority students' underachievement is largely attributable to cultural factors within our society. Dr. Robinson has given us an important perspective on a major issue in the field of gifted education Clearly, the underrepresentation of minority students in programs for the gifted has been a source of discontent among educators who work with gifted children and has caused those outside of the field to question our programs and practices. In her article, Robinson is essentially asking, “Why are we throwing the baby out with the bathwater?” Why do school districts dismantle and reject gifted programming because educators of the gifted (along with everyone else in the education community) have been unable to solve the major educational and social issue facing this country: the achievement gap between minority and nonminority children? I think the answer, in part, is that while gifted programming is not the cause of the achievement gap, it is often perceived as contributing to widening that gap, even though the same could be said of schooling in general. Professor Robinson argues that, instead of the current focus on race as a variable of concern in the selection of students for gifted programs and in designing programs, perhaps a better focus, because of its profound effects on student achievement, is poverty. I agree
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension

An unusual case of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension, which resulted in complete dehiscence of the floor of the middle cranial fossa, is reported. An overview of the current literature and a discussion of the diagnosis and surgical management of synovial chondromatosis are presented.
Sample Multiplexing with Cysteine-Selective Approaches: cysDML and cPILOT

Cysteine-selective proteomics approaches simplify complex protein mixtures and improve the chance of detecting low abundant proteins. It is possible that cysteinyl-peptide/protein enrichment methods could be coupled to isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging methods for quantitative proteomics analyses in as few as two or up to 10 samples, respectively. Here we present two novel cysteine-selective proteomics approaches: cysteine-selective dimethyl labeling (cysDML) and cysteine-selective combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT). CysDML is a duplex precursor quantification technique that couples cysteinyl-peptide enrichment with on-resin stable-isotope dimethyl labeling. Cysteine-selective cPILOT is a novel 12-plex workflow based on cysteinyl-peptide enrichment, on-resin stable-isotope dimethyl labeling, and iodoTMT tagging on cysteine residues. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the approaches, we applied cysDML and cPILOT methods to liver tissues from an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model and wild-type (WT) controls. From the cysDML experiments, an average of 850 proteins were identified and 594 were quantified, whereas from the cPILOT experiment, 330 and 151 proteins were identified and quantified, respectively. Overall, 2259 unique total proteins were detected from both cysDML and cPILOT experiments. There is tremendous overlap in the proteins identified and quantified between both experiments, and many proteins have AD/WT fold-change values that are within ~20% error. A total of 65 statistically significant proteins are differentially expressed in the liver proteome of AD mice relative to WT. The performance of cysDML and cPILOT are demonstrated and advantages and limitations of using multiple duplex experiments versus a single 12-plex experiment are highlighted.
DC-SIGN, C1q, and gC1qR form a trimolecular receptor complex on the surface of monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells

C1q modulates the differentiation and function of cells committed to the monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) lineage. Because the 2 C1q receptors found on the DC surface—gC1qR and cC1qR—lack a direct conduit into intracellular elements, we postulated that the receptors must form complexes with transmembrane partners. In the present study, we show that DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin expressed on DCs, binds directly to C1q, as assessed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation experiments. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the interaction was specific, and both intact C1q and the globular portion of C1q bound to DC-SIGN. Whereas IgG reduced this binding significantly, the Arg residues (162-163) of the C1q-A chain, which are thought to contribute to the C1q-IgG interaction, were not required for C1q binding to DC-SIGN. Binding was reduced significantly in the absence of Ca2+ and by preincubation of DC-SIGN with mannan, suggesting that C1q binds to DC-SIGN at its principal Ca2+-binding pocket, which has increased affinity for mannose residues. Antigen-capture ELISA and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that C1q and gC1qR associate with DC-SIGN on blood DC precursors and immature DCs. The results of the present study suggest that C1q/gC1qR may regulate DC differentiation and function through the DC-SIGN–mediated induction of cell-signaling pathways.
On the closability of Dirichlet forms

Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for closability of a two dimensional Dirichlet form which reduces to $$\int {dx} \int {dy} |y|^{1 - \alpha } |\nabla f(x,y)|^2 ,0 < \alpha < 2$$ whenever f is supported in the complement of the x-axis.
‘The Report of My Death Was an Exaggeration’: The Many Sordid Lives of America's Bloodiest ‘Pastime’

Pastimes are played. No one plays boxing. But for centuries Americans from diverse ethnic, racial and class origins have gathered to watch the spectacle of prize fights, and they have rewarded the best brawlers handsomely. For as long as it has been a spectator sport, boxing has weathered attacks by politicians, ministers, journalists, medical professionals, and a host of other critics. And it has survived largely unchanged, loosely regulated and baldly dangerous. The history of boxing is a history of tradition and persistence. But it is also a history of adaptation, technological changes and changing public tastes. Promoters have been some of the quickest to adopt new technology that can help build the drama and ultimately sell tickets to prize fights. Particularly when those bouts involve a popular and dominant heavyweight champion, throngs of fans have paid good money to consume this legacy of another era via the most current media innovations of the day. Few, if any, would call it their national pasti...
Development of push-pull ventilation

Push-pull ventilation (air is blown across a contaminant generation area toward an exhaust hood) can have distinct advantages over exhaust ventilation alone. It can control contaminant emission into the workplace better than exhaust only, and much less conditioned air must be exhausted so there are energy savings. This paper presents suggested push and pull flow rates for open surface tank operations such as plating. About 98% of the contaminant generated can be captured by a push-pull system using the proper flow rates.
Families of simple lie algebras of characteristic two

(1995). Families of simple lie algebras of characteristic two. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 941-954.
The impact of intensity of aphasia therapy on recovery.

To the Editor: In a 2003 article in Stroke , Bhogal et al1 concluded intensive aphasia therapy (≈9 hours of treatment per week for 11 weeks) had a greater impact on speech and language outcomes for aphasic stroke patients than less intensive treatment (≈2 hours of treatment per week for 23 weeks). Findings from this article have been used to support the provision of intensive speech and language therapy,2,3 particularly by researchers …
Human growth: effects of a human development course on criminal justice personnel.

19 criminal justice personnel (male, Caucasian, Master's level students, aged 21 to 36 yr.) were administered a variety of tests to determine if an experiential-skills type curriculum could promote personal or interpersonal growth. The 19 college students who participated showed significant gains in communication skill, interviewing technique, and self-knowledge. Active participation and group environment were important factors in this change.
Effects of the duration of exposure to mercuric chloride on the embryogenesis of the estuarine teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus

Abstract Embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus in the 4–8 cell stage were exposed nine Hg ++ (as mercuric chloride) concentrations from 0 to 100 μg/litre (ppb) for 32 days, 5 days, 2 days and 1 day. All but the chronically (32-day) exposed embryos were allowed to continue development in mercury-free water (20% S) after the exposure period to determine the effect of duration of exposure on three parameters of development. Ninety-six hour survival, total hatching success and per cent incidence of lateral spinal curvature were measured. Only embryos exposed to mercury for a single day showed a significant increase in survival in comparison with embryos exposed for a longer period of time after four days of development. Under all conditions of exposure, survival was reduced at concentrations greater than 40 ppb Hg ++ . Hatching success of chronically exposed embryos was significantly reduced at concentrations greater than 10 ppb Hg ++ . Significant increases in total hatchability were effected by reducing the duration of exposure to five days and one day. Of eleutheroembryos emerging following chronic exposure to mercury, increases in the incidence of lateral spinal curvature were noted at all concentrations above 20 ppb Hg ++ . Significant reductions of this disorder were observed among eleutheroembryos exposed to mercury for 5 days, 2 days or 1 day. Of the three parameters measured, the incidence of lateral spinal curvature and the resulting VH 50 value gave a more sensitive evaluation of the embryotoxic effects of Hg ++ as mercuric chloride on the estuarine teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus .
A Study Of Unfolding and the Beta Sheet-To-Alpha Helix Conformational Switch in Beta-Lactoglobulin

The enigma of protein folding stems from the seeming deficit of guidance for the folding process. Of tandem interest is the process of conformational switching from beta sheet to alpha helical structure. Consideration of these two processes brings to mind several questions such as, “Are the local domains involved in events like hydrophobic collapse also involved in conformational switching? Is the protein largely unfolded during the conformational switch, or is unfolding limited to localized domains? Is the conformational refolding concerted or do domains refold in parallel? Indeed the answers to these questions may be protein-specific. One tried-and-true technique for studying the protein un/re/folding processes is Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy because the amide I band frequency (ca.1600 - 1700 cm−1) tracks secondary structure changes. This study applies FTIR spectroscopy to the unfolding and beta sheet-to-alpha helix refolding of beta-lactoglobulin with analytical focus on the sequence of transitional domains leading to each final state. The appearance of transitional domains is indicated by transient absorption bands. We will examine the transitional bands for each process with the goal of identifying correlated domain changes.
Augmented instrumented indentation using nonlinear electrical contact current-voltage curves

An electrical technique was recently developed to measure the in situ contact area continuously during instrumented indentation by simultaneously monitoring electrical contact response between a conductive indenter tip and a conductive sample. This technique has the potential to overcome limitations of the Oliver-Pharr method caused by the lack of a direct contact area measurement. However, the electrical contact current-voltage (I-V) curves measured from the technique were nonlinear, posing a significant challenge to inferring accurate in situ contact areas. To overcome this challenge and extend the electrical technique to more applications, various I-V curve analysis methods were investigated for their abilities to infer in situ contact area and hardness. Annealed Cu was indented using both linear and exponential loading tests. When analyzing the resulting data, the feasibility of each method was evaluated and the optimal methods to calculate the in situ contact area and hardness were determined. It was found that a simple summation of the absolute values of area under I-V curves or the area under I-V curves at positive voltages yielded the most robust area measure, whereas error in the inferred contact area was systematic and primarily from velocity dependence of the I-V response.
Optimization of Grain Boundary Character Distribution in Fe-18Cr-18Mn-0.63N High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

Grain boundary engineering (GBE) is a practice of improving resistance to grain boundary failure of the material through increasing the proportion of low Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries (special grain boundaries) in the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD). The GBCD in a cold rolled and annealed Fe-18Cr-18Mn-0.63N high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was analyzed by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the optimization process of GBE in the conventional austenitic stainless steel cannot be well applied to this high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. The percentage of low ΣCSL grain boundaries could increase from 47.3% for the solid solution treated high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel specimen to 82.0% for the specimen after 5% cold rolling reduction and then annealing at 1423 K for 10 min. These special boundaries of high proportion effectively interrupt the connectivity of conventional high angle grain boundary network and thus achieve the GBCD optimization for the high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel.
Pulmonary Toxicity to Intratracheally Administered Indium Trichloride in Fischer 344 Rats

The use of indium by the semiconductor industry has risen sharply in recent years with the discovery that the electrical properties of compounds such as indium phosphide and indium arsenide are better than those of silicon. However, relatively little is known about its potential to induce lung damage. These studies examined the effect of indium trichloride (InCl3) on the lung. To examine the disposition and removal of InCl3 from the lung, groups of female Fischer 344 rats received a single intratracheal dose of 1.3 mg In/kg as InCl3 and were euthanized after 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days at which time lung samples were analyzed for metal content. Furthermore, the histology, hydroxyproline levels, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cellularity of the lung were studied. In addition, the effect of 0.00016, 0.00325, 0.065, and 1.3 mg In/kg on inflammatory response and BAL fluid cellularity was compared. While a dose as low as 0.00325 mg In/kg was capable of initiating an influx of inflammatory cells, instillation of 1.3 mg In/kg resulted in an inflammatory response that was still evident 56 days later. After 28 days, the lung weight of the InCl3-treated animals was 2.5 times greater than that of the controls. The total cell number in the BAL fluid of the treated animals after 28 days was 32 times higher than that in the control rats. Sixty-seven percent of these cells were granulocytes. Compared to the controls, the hydroxyproline content of the lungs from the InCl3-treated animals were two-fold greater after 28 and 56 days. Furthermore, the levels of fibronectin and TNF alpha present in the BAL fluid of InCl3-treated rats increased sharply during the first 24 hr and remained elevated 56 days later. These data and the histological examination of the lung following InCl3 treatment suggest that InCl3 is capable of causing severe lung damage and the development of fibrosis.
Performance tracking through the work compatibility model

The work compatibility model is a multidimensional diagnostic tool of human performance that measures the level of synchronization between the workforce and the work environment. The authors propose a quantitative model and a graphic-based framework to implement the work compatibility model at the operational level. Using the proposed approach, managers can identify smart solutions that contribute to personnel development. The model is tested with data collected from a manufacturing company to analyze the behavior of the proposed indices. The implementation is exemplified by a case study. The work compatibility model is a forward-looking approach to hidden aspects and potential deficiencies of the organization. Decision makers can provide targeted solutions to low-performing elements of the work environment that are discovered through this tool. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 133–153, 2006.
The functionalist theory of stratification: Two decades of controversy

The author examines the 1945 and 1948 versions of the Davis‐Moore functionalist theory of stratification. The analysis explores the basic postulates, assumptions, and logical articulation of the theory and isolates its distinctively functionalist components. This is followed by a historical account of the major criticisms leveled at the theory. The critics have succeeded in showing the fallacious and tautologous character of the functionalist components, thus, in effect, destroying the theory as a theory. Despite this destruction, various portions of the Davis‐Moore theory are shown to be usable, to contain valuable insights, and to be capable of further development.
The Messy Reality of Agglomeration Economies in Urban Informality: Evidence from Nairobi’s Handicraft Industry

Summary This paper investigates intermediate input effects and labor pooling in the context of urban informality, examining the handicraft industry of Nairobi, Kenya. The paper tests if conditions found in informality interfere with transition pathways in production clusters. 102 semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry participants, including 69 production firms. Findings confirm the existence of important agglomeration economies, but those benefits are curtailed due to constraints of informality on firms, especially location constraints in urban space. At the same time, informality also introduces particular diseconomies of agglomeration that undermine the value of proximity of firms to each other, particularly within clusters.
Western Cosmetics in the Gendered Development of Consumer Culture in China

Abstract This paper examines the changes in China's gender regime during the reform period, especially during China's accession to the WTO. The analysis provides a framework to relate these changes to the consumption behavior of women, especially the increased consumption of cosmetics, to interpret the impact of accession on the gender regime in China. Institutionalist theories that model consumption decisions as a personal display of group identity are extended to the special case of gender identity. According to this framework, the desire to display identity, such as social status or lifestyles, shapes the decision to consume commodities that also display gender such as cosmetics. Thus, the new gender regime is an unintended consequence of a complex pursuit of identity. When consumption is understood as a performance of identity, we can see how the expansion of aggressive marketing tactics affects consumption by influencing the associations of goods with social status.
Structural Determinants of Ubiquitin Conjugation in Entamoeba histolytica

Ubiquitination is important for numerous cellular processes in most eukaryotic organisms, including cellular proliferation, development, and protein turnover by the proteasome. The intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica harbors an extensive ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proteasome inhibitors are known to impair parasite proliferation and encystation, suggesting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a viable therapeutic target. However, no functional studies of the E. histolytica ubiquitination enzymes have yet emerged. Here, we have cloned and characterized multiple E. histolytica ubiquitination components, spanning ubiquitin and its activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligating (E3) enzymes. Crystal structures of EhUbiquitin reveal a clustering of unique residues on the α1 helix surface, including an eighth surface lysine not found in other organisms, which may allow for a unique polyubiquitin linkage in E. histolytica. EhUbiquitin is activated by and forms a thioester bond with EhUba1 (E1) in vitro, in an ATP- and magnesium-dependent fashion. EhUba1 exhibits a greater maximal initial velocity of pyrophosphate:ATP exchange than its human homolog, suggesting different kinetics of ubiquitin activation in E. histolytica. EhUba1 engages the E2 enzyme EhUbc5 through its ubiquitin-fold domain to transfer the EhUbiquitin thioester. However, EhUbc5 has a >10-fold preference for EhUba1∼Ub compared with unconjugated EhUba1. A crystal structure of EhUbc5 allowed prediction of a noncovalent "backside" interaction with EhUbiquitin and E3 enzymes. EhUbc5 selectively engages EhRING1 (E3) to the exclusion of two HECT family E3 ligases, and mutagenesis indicates a conserved mode of E2/RING-E3 interaction in E. histolytica.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not impair visual or spatial discrimination learning.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a candidate retrograde messenger involved in synaptic plasticity, and is linked to the cholinergic system in the brain. We examined the role of NO in the acquisition of visual and spatial discriminations by daily administration of either saline or 1-nitroarginine methyl ester ( l -NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor. Brains were assayed for NO synthase activity and two presynaptic cholinergic markers: hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) binding, which determines the number of sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake sites, and activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which is the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine. In both behavioral tasks, the acquisition rate was not different between groups. l -NAME reduced NO synthase activity by 85% in all brain areas assayed and HC-3 binding by 38% in hippocampus and 48% in posterior cortex. ChAT activity was not different between groups in any region assayed. These data suggest that NO does not play a role in visual or spatial discrimination learning. However, NO synthase inhibition may play a role in the regulation of cholinergic activity.
The master field revisited

We review recent work on the master field in large N theories. In particular the mathematical framework appropriate for its construction is sketched. The calculational utility of this framework is demonstrated in the case of QCD2.
Prevention vs. treatment: What's the right balance?

Prevention vs. treatment: What's the right balance? edited by Halley S. Faust and Paul T. Menzel, New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2011, 416 pp., US$49.99 (hardback), ISBN 100199837376 An oun...
Glomus Tumor of the Trachea

Introduction We describe a primary glomus tumor of the trachea. Methods A patient presented to our institution with a mid-tracheal mass. Results We performed a tracheal resection on this patient. Conclusion The final pathology was consistent with glomus tumor of the trachea.
Joint DEC and microprocessor users' groups report

The results of a joint meeting of users of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computers and various microprocessors are reported. The meeting included a review and a discussion of Unix and of recent hardware and software products from DEC.
Post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia

An understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-renal transplant (PRT) bone disease is of important clinical significance. Although bone disease occurs after all solid organ transplantation, the cumulative skeletal fracture rate remains high in PRT subjects while reaching a plateau with other transplantations. One major difference in the pathophysiology of PRT bone disease is, perhaps, due to persistent renal phosphorus (Pi) wasting. Novel phosphaturic agents have recently been suggested to participate in the development of bone disease in PRT subjects. However, it is unclear as of yet whether these factors alone or in conjunction with excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion play a key role in the development of negative Pi balance and consequent bone disease in this population. In this review, I present a natural history of PRT hypophosphatemia and persistent renal Pi leak, provide pathophysiologic insight into these developments, and discuss the difficulty in diagnosing these phenotypes in both adult and pediatric populations.
Sulcular penetration and diffusion into surrounding tissues of 14C-phenytoin and 14C-albumin.

Sulcular penetration patterns of phenytoin (PHT) and albumin (BSA), in New Zealand white rabbits, were followed through the sulcular lining tissue, overlying gingiva, interposed connective tissue, proximating periosteum and blood over 180 minutes. The time course study revealed that a steady-state uptake of both molecules from the sulcus into the sulcular lining tissue was reached approximately 60 minutes after local tracer application. It was also found that PHT, after penetrating the sulcular lining tissue, was maintained at higher levels in gingiva than in other adjacent tissues while BSA levels were found highest in periosteum. Kinetic studies of these tissues demonstrated that sulcular tissue had a greater capacity for PHT than BSA and that uptake by this tissue had a capacity-limited characteristic. The other adjacent tissues and blood also showed capacity-limited characteristics probably reflecting uptake by the sulcular tissues. BSA degradation or PHT metabolism did not occur in any of these tissues or in serum.
Laser-energized MHD generator for hypersonic electric air-turborockets

The analysis and design of an open cycle Faraday MHD generator suitable for use in an electric air-turborocket cycle, the MHD-fanjet, is presented. The working fluid for the generators is unseeded high temperature hydrogen, generated by a standing, laser-supported combustion wave. This study also examines the performance of an advanced combined-cycle engine, powered by beamed energy, proposed for use in future SSTO aerospacecraft. This innovative engine incorporates the MHD-fanjet for the acceleration role within the hypersonic flight regime, from about Mach 11 to above Mach 25. Performance results indicate that specific impulses could fall in the range of 10,000 to 16,000 seconds. This would enable propellant mass fractions as low as 6 percent to 9 percent for such advanced shuttlecraft flying SSTO missions to low earth orbit.
Topological transversality: Applications to third order boundary value problems

In this paper we use topological transversality to obtain existence theorems for certain classes of third order boundary value problems. Our analysis is based on the notions of an essential map and on a priori bounds on solutions.
Organizational Dynamics of the U.S. Logistics Industry: An Economic Geography Perspective*

Although the logistics industry provides critical services to all sectors of the economy, few studies exist in economic geography that examine and explain the organizational dynamics of this industry. This article highlights the significance of the logistics industry in contemporary industrialization and argues that an enriched understanding of the interaction between technology and space can be achieved by examining the evolution of an industry that plays a central role in the contemporary economy. We focus on dimensions that are identified as particularly important: organizational, geographic, and risk and security.
Transformation of white locus DNA in Drosophila: dosage compensation, zeste interaction, and position effects

P-element-mediated DNA transformation was used to generate transformants carrying segments of DNA from the white locus of D. melanogaster. The vast majority of transduced copies of an 11.7 or a 14.3 kb segment of DNA from white successfully rescued the white- eye-color phenotype when inserted in many different chromosomal locations. However, two transformants with abnormal eye pigmentation--apparently a consequence of the genomic positions of the transduced white gene--were also recovered. In all seven cases tested, autosomal insertions of white, which is dosage-compensated in its normal location on the X chromosome, retained the property of dosage compensation. In contrast to the relative insensitivity of eye-color pigmentation and dosage compensation to genomic position, the transduced white DNA segments differed widely in their interactions with the zeste mutation, ranging from greater than normal repression by zeste to insensitivity to the presence of zeste.
Stability of explicit subcycling time integration with linear interpolation for first-order finite element semidiscretizations

An explicit subcycling time integration algorithm based on an element partition is presented for first-order finite element systems. This method uses linear interpolation to compute intermediate values at nodes in the subdomains integrated with the larger time steps. Stability of the algorithm for the two partition cases is analyzed by showing that the eigenvalues of the amplification matrix for the total integration cycle are not greater than one in absolute value. Using this stability criterion, critical time steps for the element subdomains are derived in terms of element eigenvalues. Several numerical examples are considered to compare the accuracy of the method with previously developed subcycling algorithms to numerically verify the stability analysis.
Degradation profile of propellant systems with analytical pyrolysis/concentrator/gc technology

Abstract Instrumentation that provides trace organic analysis for complex polymer and nitramine-containing materials has been shown effective in many studies [1
Variations in α‐Hexachlorocyclohexane enantiomer ratios in relation to microbial activity in a temperate estuary

Changes in the enantiomer ratios (ERs) of chiral pollutants in the environment are often considered evidence of biological alteration despite the lack of data on causal or mechanistic relationships between microbial parameters and ER values. Enantiomer ratios that deviate from 1:1 in the environment provide evidence for the preferential microbial degradation of one enantiomer, whereas ER values equal to 1 provide no evidence for microbial degradation and may mistakenly be interpreted as evidence that biodegradation is not important. In an attempt to link biological and geochemical information related to enantioselective processes, we measured the ERs of the chiral pesticide alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) and bacterial activity (normalized to abundance) in surface waters of the York River (VA, USA) bimonthly throughout one year. Despite lower overall alpha-HCH concentrations, alpha-HCH ER values were unexpectedly close to 1:1 in the freshwater region of the estuary with the highest bacterial activity. In contrast, ER values were nonracemic (ER double dagger 1) and alpha-HCH concentrations were significantly higher in the higher salinity region of the estuary, where bacterial activity was lower. Examination of these data may indicate that racemic environmental ER values are not necessarily reflective of a lack of biodegradation or recent input into the environment, and that nonenantioselective biodegradation may be important in certain areas.
Molecular diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia

The diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia is multifaceted, requiring the integration of a variety of laboratory findings, with genetic approaches now firmly established as a central component. Molecular genetic technologies continue to evolve and provide additional tiers of both clarity and complexity. Many have rapidly moved into clinical laboratories; others remain as relevant discovery tools, while some are poised to take their place in diagnostic testing menus. Here, we attempt to synthesize the role of various testing modalities and exciting nascent fundamental discoveries, with a view as to how these might be integrated into the contemporary and future evaluation of this group of aggressive hematologic malignancies.
Metabolic Alterations in Rats Exposed to Acute Acceleration Stress

Fasted female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a relative centrifugal force of 4.5 g for varying periods ranging from 0.5 to 96 hr, employing an 8.5-foot radius centrifuge. During the first 24 hr, there was a significant and sustained increase in the concentrations of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid, and plasma corticosterone. Plasma free amino acids were decreased. Several of the glucogenic amino acids (alanine, arginine, phenylalanine-tyrosine and proline) were decreased preferentially. There was a progressive increase in liver glycogen deposition detectable within the first hr of centrifugation which reached a maximum after 5-24 hr. The glycogen response was eliminated by adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy. Adrenodemedullated rats showed a decreased glycogen response. Alloxan-diabetic rats did not show any increase in liver glycogen above the initially high levels present. The combined stresses of centrifugation and starvation effected a marked depletion of both liver and gastrocnemius muscle gl...
Rotary shadowing of elastic system microfibrils in the ocular zonule, vitreous, and ligamentum nuchae.

Rotary shadowing of zonular fibrils in human and bovine eyes revealed a “string of beads” configuration with multiple interconnecting filaments, identical to that recently reported in fibrils of unknown type within the vitreous. These 29nm beaded fibrils were the only macrostructures present in zonular samples, showing ultrastructural features correlating with both the macro and microperiodicity of zonular fibrils in tissues. Interbead periodicity varied from 30–57nm and interbead filaments appeared capable of stretching even further, possibly explaining the inherent elasticity of zonular fibrils. The junctions between outer filaments and beads were fibrillin-positive. Similar beaded fibrils were found in the human and bovine anterior vitreous along with type II and IX collagen fibrils, proteoglycan filaments and other unidentified fibrils. After collagenase and elastase digestion, bovine ligamentum nuchae showed type VI collagen fibrils and clumps of beaded fibrils like those in zonule and vitreous. This...
Synthesis and Unexpected Rearrangement of a Hydroxyphostone (1)

Abstract During our investigations on the wide range of stereoselective alkylations of 6-membered ring phostones,1 we uncovered a novel rearrangement of 3-(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-2-ethoxy-2-oxo-1,2-oxaphosphorinane (1). The cis/trans diastereomers of 1 were prepared by the reaction of benzophenone with the appropriate ylide of the parent phostone (3).2 When trans- 1 was left unattended at rt in CH2Cl2 a new compound, 2, was isolated which showed a significant downfield 31P shift and a higher melting point. Upon heating to the melting point 2 decomposed to give 4, which suggests that 2 may be an intermediate in the conversion of 1 to the Wittig-like product 4. The IR, 1H, 13C, 31P, and 2-D NMR spectral data along with independent synthesis confirmed the identity of 2. Subsequently, 2 was also produced in 70% yield when cis- 1 was treated with CH2Cl2/ether-HC1aq at 50–60°C for 2 weeks, but this product was contaminated with 30% of the exocyclic alkene 5. No rearrangement was observed when 1 was treated with...
Information science as a liberal art

Purpose – Attempts to deal with the issue of how we can educate the next generation of leaders for the information needs of the future.Design/methodology/approach – Uses a case study: the thinking behind the new information science program at Cornell University.Findings – Advocates a broad view of information science. In a rapidly changing world, leadership will come from flexible thinking based on a broad understanding of technology and the social sciences. In the American terminology, information science should be considered a liberal art, not a profession. An education in information science provides an excellent foundation for a career in libraries, publishing or information services, but there are many more career opportunities for somebody with this education.Originality/value – Most recent initiatives in information science have come from professional schools of librarianship. By starting from a liberal arts viewpoint, universities may be meeting the needs of a very wide audience.
Large, complex modular structure of a fission yeast DNA replication origin

Abstract Background: In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , each DNA replication origin is associated with an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) element. Each element contains several modules, including an essential close match to the 11 base-pair (bp) ARS consensus sequence (ACS) and two or three short ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe , we used deletion and linker substitution scanning to identify the sequences important for the function of ars3002 , a chromosomal replication origin. Results We detected two large (30–55 bp) essential regions and several additional stimulatory sequences within a 600 bp stretch of a restriction fragment containing ars3002 . The two essential regions are similar to each other, and sequences similar to them are found in all known S. pombe ARS elements, suggesting that one or both of them may represent the S. pombe equivalent of the S. cerevisiae ACS. Conclusion Like S. cerevisiae origins, the S. pombe origin, ars3002 , possesses a modular structure, but the number and size of modules is greater for ars3002 , and ars3002 is larger than S. cerevisiae origins. These observations suggest that origin function in S. pombe requires more protein–DNA interactions than in S. cerevisiae .
Is There a Need to Add Another Dimension (Time) to the Evaluation of the Arrhythmogenic Potential of New Drug Candidates In Vitro

Most drug therapy regimens expose the human body to a foreign chemical for several hours to days and even years. Hence, before a new drug is approved by regulatory agencies, extensive safety studies are conducted to ensure that exposure to the drug will not cause undesirable effects in patients. A major cause of adverse events and drug attrition is cardiovascular toxicity.1,2 Drug developers have attempted to identify these issues earlier in medicine development to reduce risks to human volunteers in clinical trials and costs of pursuing the development of unsafe drugs. In 2005, the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use issued a guideline for the examination of new drug candidates in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests to assess their arrhythmogenic potential.3 Inhibition of the delayed rectifier potassium current ( I Kr) in the heart has been linked to the majority of drug-induced arrhythmias. As a result, in vitro safety testing has been focused on acute drug effects on I Kr or hERG, the potassium channel that underlies I Kr.4 The development of high-throughput automated methods to measure hERG currents in heterologous expression systems has fueled the emphasis of in vitro testing on I Kr early in drug discovery and perhaps prevented the development of new medicines by discarding compounds prematurely. This testing paradigm has been challenged over the past several years with the realization that verapamil and a number of other drugs that inhibit I Kr at therapeutic concentrations do not cause arrhythmias in patients. Verapamil has compensatory effects on other cardiac ion channels such that action potential duration is …