cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Television Apparel Shopping: Impulse Buying and Parasocial Interaction

The purpose of this study was to explore impulsivity as a motivation for television apparel shopping and to investigate impulse buying, parasocial interaction, television exposure, and television s...
Stripping PSA cycles for CO2 recovery from flue gas at high temperature using a hydrotalcite-like adsorbent

A cyclic adsorption process simulator was used to study novel high-temperature pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles. Based on the use of a K-promoted hydrotalcite-like (HTlc) adsorbent and six different (vacuum swing) stripping PSA cycles, these cycles were designed to process a typical stack gas effluent at 575 K containing 15 vol % CO2, 75 vol % N2, and 10 vol % H2O into CO2-depleted and CO2-enriched streams. More than a thousand (1260) simulations were conducted to the periodic state to study and interpret the effects of the light-product purge-to-feed ratio, the cycle step time, the high-to-low pressure ratio, the heavy-product recycle ratio, and the feed throughput (θ) on the process performance. The cycle configuration was changed from 4-bed 4-step, 4-bed 5-step, and 5-bed 5-step designs that utilized combinations of light-reflux (LR) and/or heavy-reflux (HR) steps, and cocurrent depressurization (CoD) and/or countercurrent depressurization (CnD) steps. The process performance was judged in terms ...
Pathogenesis of myositis: Lessons learned from animal studies

Abstract Recent studies have continued to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and weakness in inflammatory myopathies. Traditionally, adaptive immune mechanisms such as cell mediated (cytotoxic) and humoral (autoantibodies and complement) components have been implicated in the pathogenesis of polymyositis/inclusion body myositis and dermatomyositis, respectively. However, recent studies have shown a significant overlap of immune components in these disorders. Likewise, studies have provided evidence not only for adaptive immune pathogenic mechanisms but also for innate immune, such as the TLR-NF-κB signaling, and non-immune mechanisms, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress response, autophagy, metabolic deficits in ATP generating pathways and hypoxia. These recent studies indicate that the muscle fiber damage and weakness in myositis may not be solely mediated by an adaptive immune attack (e.g., autoreactive CTLs or autoantibodies) but also mediated through innate immune and metabolic mechanisms. In this review, we have briefly outlined the current developments in immune (adaptive, innate) and non-immune components of disease pathogenesis in inflammatory myopathies.
Neuroradiologic review of intracranial infection

Abstract The detection of intracranial infection continues to be a common reason for neuroradiologic examination. This review covers the neuroradiologic findings of the variety of common infections. It includes meningtis and its complications, as well as bacterial, viral, tuberculous, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Finally, a review of the common infectins associated with ADIS in presented. With an increased ability to recognize such infections, radiologists should be able to supply their clinical colleagues with more specific diagnoses.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF OTOPHEIDOMENIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) ECTOPARASITIC ON SPHINGID MOTHS, WITH A NOTE ON NOCTUISEIUS

The genus Noctuiseius Prasad is synonymized with Otopheidomenis Treat. Two new species, Otopheidomenis kayosiekeri and Otopheidomenis pholusis , are described and illustrated. O . kayosiekeri is known from Honduras, Panama Canal Zone, and Peru from the sphingid moths Pachylia darceta , P . resumens , and Triptogon lugubris . O . pholusis is known from Bolivia and Honduras from the sphingid moths Pholus sp., P . anchemolis , and P . obliquus . A key to the known species of Otopheidomenis is included.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas: a reappraisal of treatment.

Retroperitoneal sarcoma, regardless of the histopathologic grade of malignancy, has a high incidence of local recurrence that is usually fatal. Surgical resection is mandatory and resectability may be improved by a midline transabdominal approach. However, even with total tumor excision, recurrence is high. A preliminary study, combining resection and preoperative adriamycin, found to be effective for established disease, suggests potentially improved prognosis. Further clinical trials employing surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy are warranted.
The association between earlier age of first drink, disinhibited personality, and externalizing psychopathology in young adults

Earlier age of first drink (AFD) of alcohol is associated with higher rates of alcohol abuse and dependence as well as a range of other externalizing problems. This study tested the hypotheses that in young adults earlier AFD is associated with [1] the common variance among externalizing problems (lifetime alcohol, marijuana, other drug, childhood conduct, and adult antisocial behavior problems) rather than being uniquely associated with alcohol problems, and [2] the disinhibited personality traits of social deviance and impulsivity, and that the association between earlier AFD and externalizing problems is partly accounted for by disinhibited personality. The sample (N=502) included 299 young adults with a history of alcohol dependence (AD) and 203 subjects with no history of AD. Analyses showed that [1] earlier AFD was associated with the covariance among the different domains of externalizing problems and was not unique to any one externalizing problem, [2] earlier AFD was associated with social deviance and impulsivity, and [3] social deviance and impulsivity accounted for part of the association between earlier AFD and externalizing problems. The results suggest that earlier AFD is associated with a vulnerability to disinhibitory disorders and is not specifically associated with alcohol problems.
Environmental Views from the Coast: Public Concern about Local to Global Marine Issues

Surveys conducted in 2009–2012 asked residents of eight U.S. coastal regions about ocean-related environmental problems. Analysis of these multiregion data tests how individual characteristics predict views on locally focused marine issues, and whether after controlling for individual characteristics there remain systematic place-to-place variations. We find two kinds of place effects: some related to broad attributes such as resource employment, and others explained by local society–environment relations. Apart from these place effects, the individual-level predictors of coastal environmental concerns resemble those seen elsewhere for non-coastal environmental concerns, including effects from age, gender, and education. Political party, however, proves to be the most consistent predictor across issues from local to global in scale. Significant education effects offer support for an information deficit model of coastal concerns, but the pervasive partisanship and education × party interactions suggest tha...
The role of medial temporal lobe in item recognition and source recollection of emotional stimuli

Recent neuroimaging results suggest that distinct regions within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) may differentially support the episodic encoding of item and relational information for nonemotional stimuli (for a review, see Davachi, 2006). The present study was designed to assess whether these findings generalize to emotional stimuli. Behaviorally, we found that emotion reduced item recognition accuracy but did not reliably affect relational memory. fMRI analyses revealed that neutral and emotional words elicited distinct activation patterns within MTL regions predictive of subsequent memory. Consistent with previous findings for neutral words, hippocampal activation predicted later relational memory, whereas activation in the perirhinal cortex predicted successful item recognition. However, for emotional words, activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, and posterior parahippocampal cortex predicted item recognition only. These data suggest that MTL regions differentially support encoding of neutral and emotional stimuli.
Solution-based deployment of complex application services on a Cloud

Managing and containing runaway IT costs for solution deployment is one of the top priorities for enterprises. Cloud Computing, with its on-demand provisioning capability on shared resources, has emerged as a new paradigm for reducing IT costs. In this paper, we describe a solution-based provisioning mechanism to automate the deployment of complex application services on a Cloud infrastructure. We introduce the concept of Composite Appliance and show how it can be used to deploy a complete solution and to simplify management tasks. We illustrate the advantages of our approach with a prototype solution consisting of two-tier application services that are deployed and configured automatically on virtual machine instances without manual intervention.
Abundance and extinction in Ordovician–Silurian brachiopods, Cincinnati Arch, Ohio and Kentucky

A basic hypothesis in extinction theory predicts that more abundant taxa have an evolutionary advantage over less abundant taxa, which should manifest as increased survivorship during major extinction events and longer fossil-record durations. Despite this, various paleontologic studies have found conflicting patterns, indicating a more complex relationship between abundance and extinction in the geologic past. This study tests the relationship between abundance and extinction among brachiopod genera within seven third-order depositional sequences spanning the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian (Katian–Aeronian) of the Cincinnati Arch.Contrary to predictions, abundance is not positively correlated with duration in this study. Abundance and duration range from strongly negatively correlated to uncorrelated depending on the spatial scale of analysis and the geologic intervals included, but correlations never indicate that abundance is an evolutionary advantage. In contrast, abundance was an advantageous trait prior to the Ordovician/Silurian extinction, and brachiopods with higher abundances were more likely to survive the event than less abundant brachiopods. While this result is in keeping with common models of extinction, it has not been observed previously at a mass extinction boundary. This may be further evidence that the Ordovician/Silurian extinction was not accompanied by a shift in the macroevolutionary selectivity regime.
The Role of Calcium Phosphino-Polycarboxylate Complexation In Inhibiting BaSO4 Precipitation From Brine

The kinetics of BaSO4 nucleation and its inhibition with phosphino-polycarboxylic acid (PPCA) has been studied. The induction period of BaSO4 nucleation under a wide range of ionic strength and temperature has been measured through a turbidity method. The presence of Ca2+ does not show a significant effect on the induction period of BaSO4 nucleation. The presence of PPCA increases the induction period of BaSO4 nucleation while the extent of the prolongation depends on the solution pH and Ca2+ concentration. Only the dissociated fraction and the metal complexed fraction of PPCA are effective to inhibit BaSO4 nucleation while the protonated fraction has no significant effect at any conditions. In a low supersaturated solution, the calcium complexed fraction of PPCA is more effective than the dissociated fraction. While in a highly supersaturated solution, the calcium complexed fraction of PPCA. is similarly effective as the dissociated fraction. Temperature has no significant effect on the efficiency of the calcium complexed fraction of PPCA and has only slight effect on that of the dissociated fraction of PPCA. The overall efficiency of PPCA to inhibit BaSO4 nucleation is proportional to the total concentration of Ca2+. Ca2+ enhances the overall efficiency of PPCA through decreasing the fraction of protonated PPCA and forming Ca-PPCA complexes. Ca2+ might play the role of a bridge connecting the crystal sites with exposed SO42− and PPCA functional groups so that the adsorption of PPCA on the active sites of BaSO4 crystal surfaces is enhanced.
Effect of adenosine receptor blockade on pial arteriolar dilation during sciatic nerve stimulation

In the present study, we report the effects of adenosine receptor antagonists on pial vasodilatation during contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS). The pial circulation was observed through ...
Rapid Identification of Candida Species with Species-Specific DNA Probes

Rapid identification of Candida species has become more important because of an increase in infections caused by species other than Candida albicans, including species innately resistant to azole antifungal drugs. We previously developed a PCR assay with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) format to detect amplicons from the five most common Candida species by using universal fungal primers and species-specific probes directed to the ITS2 region of the gene for rRNA. We designed probes to detect seven additional Candida species (C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr, C. lambica, C. lusitaniae, C. pelliculosa, C. rugosa, and C. zeylanoides) included in the API 20C sugar assimilation panel, five probes for species not identified by API 20C (C. haemulonii, C. norvegica, C. norvegensis, C. utilis, and C. viswanathii), and a probe for the newly described species C. dubliniensis, creating a panel of 18 Candida species probes. The PCR-EIA correctly identified multiple strains of each species tested, including five identified as C. albicans by the currently available API 20C database but determined to be C. dubliniensis by genotypic and nonroutine phenotypic characteristics. Species identification time was reduced from a mean of 3.5 days by conventional identification methods to 7 h by the PCR-EIA. This method is simple, rapid, and feasible for identifying Candida species in clinical laboratories that utilize molecular identification techniques and provides a novel method to differentiate the new species, C. dubliniensis, from C. albicans.
The Anthropology of the Beginnings and Ends of Life

AbstractThis essay reviews recent anthropological attention to the “beginnings” and “endings” of life. A large literature since the 1990s highlights the analytic trends and innovations that characterize anthropological attention to the cultural production of persons, the naturalization of life, and the emergence of new life forms. Part I of this essay outlines the coming-into-being, completion and attenuation of personhood and how life and death are attributed, contested, and enacted. Dominant themes include how connections are forged or severed between the living and the dead and the socio-politics of dead, dying, and decaying bodies. The culture of medicine is examined for its role in organizing and naming life and death. Part II is organized by the turn to biopolitical analyses stimulated by the work of Foucault. It encompasses the ways in which the biosciences and biotechnologies, along with state practices, govern forms of living and dying and new forms of life such as the stem cell, embryo, comatose...
Heterogeneity of TLR-induced responses in dendritic cells: from innate to adaptive immunity

Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate recognition of several microbial products. Accumulating evidence indicates that TLR are capable of inducing distinct responses in dendritic cells and other antigen-presenting cells, and can direct T-helper cell differentiation in opposing directions. The generation of such varied responses is achieved through the selective utilization of adaptor molecules that link TLR to distinct signal transduction pathways. The ability of TLR to activate and guide innate and adaptive immunity has the potential to be exploited for practical application that may lead to the development of more successful immunotherapies and vaccination strategies. A review of recent literature, unpublished observations, and future challenges is presented here.
On the Acquisition of Lexical Entries: The Perceptual Origin of Thematic Relations

This paper describes a computational model of concept acquisition for natural language. We develop a theory of lexical semantics, the Extended Aspect Calculus, which together with a "markedness theory" for thematic relations, constrains what a possible word meaning can be. This is based on the supposition that predicates from the perceptual domain are the primitives for more abstract relations. We then describe an implementation of this model, TULLY, which mirrors the stages of lexical acquisition for children.
Comparative sequence analyses reveal rapid and divergent evolutionary changes of the WFDC locus in the primate lineage

The initial comparison of the human and chimpanzee genome sequences revealed 16 genomic regions with an unusually high density of rapidly evolving genes. One such region is the whey acidic protein (WAP) four-disulfide core domain locus (or WFDC locus), which contains 14 WFDC genes organized in two subloci on human chromosome 20q13. WAP protease inhibitors have roles in innate immunity and/or the regulation of a group of endogenous proteolytic enzymes called kallikreins. In human, the centromeric WFDC sublocus also contains the rapidly evolving seminal genes, semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2). The rate of SEMG2 evolution in primates has been proposed to correlate with female promiscuity and semen coagulation, perhaps related to post-copulatory sperm competition. We mapped and sequenced the centromeric WFDC sublocus in 12 primate species that collectively represent four different mating systems. Our analyses reveal a 130-kb region with a notably complex evolutionary history that has included nested duplications, deletions, and significant interspecies divergence of both coding and noncoding sequences; together, this has led to striking differences of this region among primates and between primates and rodents. Further, this region contains six closely linked genes (WFDC12, PI3, SEMG1, SEMG2, SLPI, and MATN4) that show strong patterns of adaptive selection, although an unambiguous correlation between gene mutation rates and mating systems could not be established.
Simulation of spray direct injection for compressed air energy storage

Abstract Integrating Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) to a variable and unsteady energy source can help provide a levelized power output. This is particularly attractive for off-shore wind turbines integrated with the energy storage that has high efficiency. Such efficiency is possible if the compression portion can be isothermal, and a novel approach has been developed to achieve this by employing water spray during compression to promote heat transfer. This concept has been previously investigated with one-dimensional simulations that indicated spray cooling with droplet heat transfer over a large total surface area allows high-efficiency compression. However, the actual application is more complicated, and therefore the present study examines this concept with detailed two-dimensional unsteady flow simulations. In particular, multi-phase computational fluid dynamics is implemented in an axisymmetric domain to investigate compression in a cylinder for first-stage and second-stage compression using a spray discharge within the cylinder at various mass loadings. The spray is based on a single pressure-swirl nozzle directed along the centerline and operating at the maximum liquid mass flux possible while retaining a mean droplet diameter of no more than 30 µm. The two-dimensional simulations uncovered flow characteristics such as vortex formation for the air-flow near the cylinder head and strong spatial variations in droplet size and concentration. Despite these effects, the overall two-dimensional efficiency was similar to that of one-dimensional predictions. The results also indicated that a single pressure-swirl nozzle injection resulted in an injected mass loading of 1.6 and yielded efficiency as high as 93% for a first-stage compression cycle. However, a second-stage compression cycle (with an intake pressure of 10 bar) using this same single nozzle resulted in reduced overall work efficiency indicating that a multi-nozzle configuration should be considered.
The Miocene MammaL Mapping Project (Miomap): An Online Database of Arikareean Through Hemphillian Fossil Mammals

Abstract The Miocene Mammal Mapping Project (MIOMAP), a relational database of all published mammalian vertebrate localities between 30 and 5 million years old from the western United States, is now online for use by the paleontological community. The database is housed at the University of California at Berkeley, served through the Berkeley Natural History Museums, and accessible via the University of California Museum of Paleontology website. Here we outline the salient features of the database to facilitate its use and provide the information needed for users to adapt the data to their own needs. Online queries of the database can be accessed via http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/miomap and made through HTML forms or an interactive map created using open source MapServer 4.0 software and Google Earth™. We also highlight past work done using the database and some of its potential applications.
The smallest available estradiol transdermal patch: a new treatment option for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Minivelle(®) (Noven Therapeutics, LLC, FL, USA) is an estradiol transdermal delivery system that has recently been approved in the USA for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The decline in estrogen during menopause leads to bone resorption, increasing the risk of fractures. Transdermal estradiol has been shown to increase bone mineral density. Safety studies of transdermal estradiol have shown a decreased risk in cardiovascular disease as compared with oral estrogen therapy. Minivelle is currently the smallest available transdermal estradiol patch, providing the lowest effective dose of estrogen.
L2 learners’ recognition of unfamiliar idioms composed of familiar words

AbstractMost second language (L2) learners are aware of the importance of vocabulary, and this awareness usually directs their attention to learning new words. By contrast, learners do not often recognise unfamiliar idioms if all the compositional parts look familiar to them such as turn the corner or carry the day. College-level ESL (English as a second language) learners (n = 52) at intermediate to advanced levels of proficiency participated in a series of metalinguistic tasks designed to examine their explicit recognition of unfamiliar idioms that may only look familiar because of their familiarity with the words in the idioms. Results show that L2 learners tend to recognise unfamiliar idioms with familiar components at a significantly lower rate than they recognise unfamiliar words such as serendipitously or octogenarian. In addition, L2 learners’ definitions of idioms indicated as familiar tend to be significantly lower in acceptability than their definitions of words indicated as familiar. It is arg...
Intraosseous beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis. Detection and measurement of osseous aluminum in a patient who was receiving long-term hemodialysis.

The authors present a case of unsuspected tumorous amyloid nodules in the femoral head of a patient who is being treated with long-term hemodialysis and who is seen for a fracture of the hip
Acronyms for Article Three of the Uniform Commercial Code

This Article addresses the challenge of teaching a section of the Uniform Commercial Code establishing rules for transactions involving negotiable instruments. Article Three dares instructors to become creative with class lessons, and this article engages instructors with strategies for engaging students, specifically with humorous acronyms, that lead to some memorable phraseology. In this environment, students become active learners of the requirements of negotiability, holder in due course status and their relevant defenses.
Paying for Multilateralism?: Preferences, American Side-Payments and Coalition-Building

What shapes states' decisions and incentives for joining coalitions that include the US as a member? Using an original dataset, this paper argues that states with different sets of capabilities will be motivated by different factors. It finds that richer and more developed states are relatively more capable of acting upon their own preferences. Such states are more likely to become American coalition partners when they share common preferences with the US. In contrast, developing states are more constrained to be able to act in accordance with their preferences. Their participation in a coalition involving the US generally follows the receipt of a positive inducement (e.g., foreign aid packages) that incentivizes them into partnering with the US. The salience of these various motives for coalition membership do vary with the type of mission around which the coalition is organized.
International Migration and Global Governance

This article discusses: current trends in international migration, highlighting why global governance of international migration is needed; explores reasons why this form of global governance has lagged behind others; and reviews the steps that have been taken since the early twentieth century to foster greater international cooperation. In recent years, states appear more willing than before to discuss issues of mutual concern although actual decision-making on these issues remains elusive. The article concludes that although an international migration regime is unlikely to be in place any time soon, the prospects for progress in this area are better today than any time in the past century.
Local co-occurrence of several highly invasive ants in their native range: are they all ecologically dominant species?

An important goal of invasion ecology is to understand the colonization, establishment, and spread of exotic species. To accomplish this, it is essential to examine the ecology of introduced species in native populations. We examined organization patterns, spatial structure, and competitive abilities of ground-dwelling ants in different habitats of a protected area in east-central Argentina, where several highly invasive ant species naturally coexist, to determine whether all they are ecologically dominant in their native range as in their introduced range. We sampled ant communities at Otamendi Nature Reserve and found 49 ant species co-occurred with moderate separation among habitats, including five species that are global invaders; but only Solenopsis richteri (the most numerically dominant) and Linepithema humile (the best mass recruiter) were ecologically co-dominant along with another three non-invasive species in locally rich assemblages. Their co-occurrence was apparently facilitated by both niche and competitive differences. However, we found no evidence for discovery-dominance trade-offs, and ant diversity and spatial segregation suggested that competition only plays a secondary role in structuring assemblages in arboreal habitats. Despite L. humile and S. richteri were ecologically co-dominant, their hegemony was lower in the reserve than in their introduced range likely due to biotic resistance. The other invasive ants (Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachymyrmex patagonicus, and Nylanderia fulva) were not dominant. It is possible that their establishment, persistence, and high prevalence in anthropic habitats in native and introduced populations to be attributed to their better physiologic adaptations to disturbed habitats rather than to their superior competitive abilities.
Quantitative Rate Determination by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced NMR of a Diels−Alder Reaction

Emerging techniques for hyperpolarization of nuclear spins, foremost dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), lend unprecedented sensitivity to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sufficient signal can be obtained from a single scan, and reactions even far from equilibrium can be studied in real-time. When following the progress of a reaction by nuclear magnetic resonance, however, spin relaxation occurs concomitantly with the reaction to alter resonance line intensities. Here, we present a model for accounting for spin-relaxation in such reactions studied by hyperpolarized NMR. The model takes into account auto- and cross-relaxation in dipole-dipole coupled spin systems and is therefore applicable to NMR of hyperpolarized protons, the most abundant NMR-active nuclei. Applied to the Diels-Alder reaction of 1,4-dipheneylbutadiene (DPBD) with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione (PTD), reaction rates could be obtained accurately and reproducibly. Additional parameters available from the same experiment include relaxation rates of the reaction product, which may yield further information about the molecular properties of the product. The method presented is also compatible with an experiment where a single spin in the reactant is labeled in its spin-state by a selective radio frequency pulse for subsequent tracking through the reaction, allowing the unambiguous identification of its position in the product molecule. In this case, the chemical shift specificity of high-resolution NMR can allow for the simultaneous determination of reaction rates and mechanistic information in one experiment.
A note on the instability of Gaussian elimination

It is well-known that Gaussian elimination is very sensitive to round-off errors if row interchanges are not performed. In this note we make precise and prove the fact that there exist sets of data for which that algorithm leads to improper results regardless of how many digits are carried in the computation.
Hmong Means "Free," or Does It? Memoirs of the Hmong Dead, 1997

"Late Nite with David Letterman." I'm laughing. Really hard. My younger sister calls from Fresno. She sounds sad. Soft-spoken.I'm lying comfortably on an old couch my roommates and I had found earlier this Fall. She asks me if I've heard.Heard what?The suicide. The suicide, Pa. There's been another suicide.A few days later. A single envelope arrives for me. I recognize her writing. I know what is inside. Two roommates are there in the apartment with me. So I hide. I go inside the bathroom, and I lock the door. I carefully tear open the sealed flap. I look inside. And quietly. Very quietly. I cry. Tragic news. On white paper. English words replace the faces of the Hmong dead. Exploited are my people, hidden behind the faded Xeroxes of token compassion.On September 13, 1997, twelve days after I turned twenty-one, twelve days after I received the legal right to drink, Hmong refugee Ye Vang, 59, strapped a black nylon stocking around her neck, tightly fastened it to the bedpost of a wooden bed frame that had ...
Physician compensation for industry-sponsored clinical trials in multiple sclerosis influences patient trust.

Abstract Background Perceived physician financial conflicts of interest of can affect patient trust. Payment to physicians for industry sponsored clinical trials in multiple sclerosis is a relatively new potential source of physician conflict of interest. There is limited available data on how physician payment for trial involvement in multiple sclerosis clinical trials may influence patient trust. Objective To understand how patient trust is influenced by information about physician payment for multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Methods An anonymous online instrument was developed. Results 597 people with multiple sclerosis participated in the study. The study found that 61% of patients who had not previously participated in a clinical trial estimated that they would have lower levels of trust in their physician if the physician was paid for involvement in their clinical trial. Among former clinical trial participants, 38% self-reported a lower level of trust. Other potential physician-industry relationships, such as industry consulting or giving industry-sponsored talks, also adversely affected trust, though to a lesser extent than physician payment for subject participation in clinical trials. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrate that physician payment for study participation in multiple sclerosis clinical trials is a potential conflict that can adversely affect patient trust.
Physostigmine and haloperidol treatment of acute phencyclidine intoxication.

Twenty-four patients with phencyclidine intoxication were treated with either physostigmine (2 mg i.m.) or haloperidol (5 mg i.m.) based on the presence of delusions and/or hallucinations. Several symptoms subsequently improved. Schizophreniform symptoms showed substantial improvement with haloperidol.
Applicability and limitations of an M2Spice-assisted “planar-magnetics-in-the-circuit” simulation approach

Planar magnetics design for power electronics naturally involves many tradeoffs, especially in the selection of the core size, winding structure and printed circuit board stackup. “Magnetics-in-the-circuit” SPICE simulations can facilitate quick magnetics design evaluation and iteration. This paper introduces and evaluates a “planar-magnetics-in-the-circuit” simulation approach with an M2Spice software tool, which has been developed based on an earlier presented Modular Layer Model (MLM) analysis approach [1]. M2Spice converts the magnetics geometry into a SPICE netlist, which can be simulated with other circuit elements in a power converter under a unified setup. This paper presents an analysis of the applicability and limitations of this approach across wide frequency bands, followed by an evaluation of the accuracy of the SPICE simulation results (by comparing the simulation results to finite-element-modeling (FEM) results and experimental measurements). Multiple planar magnetics prototypes are designed, modeled, simulated, built, and measured, with results reported and discussed.
A note on the reliability of a depth perception measure for children.

(1978). A Note on the Reliability of a Depth Perception Measure for Children. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 237-239.
If Human Rights Mattered

This article is a response to Judith Blau's (2016) essay, “Human Rights: What the United States Might Learn from the Rest of the World and, Yes, from American Sociology.” Here, I argue that if human rights mattered, then liberty could be assured. And absent human rights, liberty is a sham.
Regioselective Iron-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Forming 4,6-Disubstituted 2-Aminopyridines from Terminal Alkynes and Cyanamides

Iron complexes bound by redox-active pyridine dialdimine (PDAI) ligands catalyze the cycloaddition of two terminal alkynes and one cyanamide. The reaction is both chemo- and regioselective, as only 4,6-disubstituted 2-aminopyridine products are formed in moderate to high yields. Isolation of an iron azametallacycle (4) suggests that catalyst deactivation occurs with a large excess of cyanamide over longer reaction times. Fe-catalyzed cycloaddition allowed for a straightforward synthesis of a variety of aminopyridines, including known estrogen receptor ligands.
Development and Initial Psychometrics for a Therapist Competence Instrument for CBT for Youth Anxiety

Therapist competence is an important component of treatment integrity. This article reports on the development and initial psychometric assessment of the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety in Youth Competence Scale (CBAY-C), an observational instrument designed to capture therapist limited-domain competence (i.e., competence in the delivery of core interventions and delivery methods found in a specific psychosocial treatment program) in the delivery of the core practice elements in individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (ICBT) for youth anxiety. Treatment sessions (N = 744) from 68 youth participants (M age = 10.60 years, SD = 2.03; 82.3% Caucasian; 52.9% male) of the same ICBT program for youth anxiety from (a) an efficacy study and (b) an effectiveness study were independently scored by 4 coders using observational instruments designed to assess therapist competence, treatment adherence, treatment differentiation, alliance, and client involvement. Interrater reliability—intraclass correlation...
Exploring the Role of Flexibility in Binding Kinetics and Affinity of pKID-Kix through Coarse Grained Simulations

Physical properties that distinguish Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) from structured proteins include increased association rates and the formation of bound complexes with high specificity and low affinity. In this work, we investigate the influence of flexibility on binding kinetics and thermodynamics of IDPs through coarse grained simulations. Using pKID-KIX complex as an example, we illustrate how coupled folding and binding allows the IDP to have both fast binding and unbinding rates together with low binding affinity. In particular, we show that while flexibility moderately increases binding rate (consistent with the fly-casting mechanism), the unbinding rate is enhanced to a greater extent, resulting in a low affinity complex. Analysis of equilibrium trajectories show that a flexible protein forms contacts incrementally throughout binding and that orientational constraints are satisfied gradually; both of which encourage a lower free energy barrier controlling binding and unbinding kinetics. Our study highlights the importance that flexibility has not only on an IDP's binding rate, but also on its ability to form low affinity complexes with sufficiently fast unbinding kinetics essential to their function.
DI-022 Use and clinical experience of DOLUTEGRAVIR/ABACAVIR/LAMIVUDINA in a tertiary hospital

Background The new co-formulated drugs for HIV have made great strides in treating the disease and have achieved excellent health outcomes in patients. Purpose To analyse the use of dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine co-formulated (DTG/ABC/3TC) 50 mg/600 mg/300 mg in HIV infected patients and to evaluate short term effectiveness. Material and methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in all patients who started DTG/ABC/3TC in our hospital. The variables included were: age, gender, number of previous antiretroviral regimens, patient type (naive, pretreated), reason for prescription (treatment initiation, switch strategies and virological failure) and viral load (VL) pretreatment and after 4 and 12 weeks. Results 33 patients started treatment with DTG/ABC/3TC, and in 3 it was discontinued it. Mean age of the patients was 51 (±13.4) years and 75.7% were men. 81.9% of patients had been previously treated with at least one antiretroviral regimen. Regarding reasons for prescription we found: treatment naive patients in 18.1%, presence of virologic failure in 15.1% and switch strategies in 66.8%. The switch strategies included 39.5% of prescriptions in order to improve the toxicity and management of comorbidities, 21.3% to avoid drug–drug interactions (mainly with future treatment of hepatitis C), 3% to improve adherence and 3% to avoid enhancing the haematologic toxicity of chemotherapy. Regarding treatment effectiveness: in naive patients, after 12 weeks of treatment, VL decreased in 3 patients to Conclusion DTG/ABC/3TC was used principally in pretreated patients, and switch strategies was the main reason for the prescriptions. In most patients, low or undetectable viral loads were obtained, thus achieving good disease control. References and/or acknowledgements Clinic guide GESIDA2016. Data Sheet TRIUMEQ Spanish Medicines Agency. No conflict of interest
Using PCA and PLS on publicly available data to predict the extractability of hydrocarbons from shales

Abstract Prediction of hydrocarbon extraction from shale requires specialized knowledge of shale play characteristics and analysis to assess effective, economical, and sustainable implementation of oil and natural gas production. In this work, we present a statistical approach that can be used as a preliminary investigation into the hydrocarbon resource potential of a shale play based on limited data. Statistical algorithms for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) were used to determine if depositional environments and lithographic boundary characteristics of different plays allowed prediction of specific production parameters. This project characterizes Eagle Ford and Utica formations—two high-producing shale plays in the United States—and Banff/Exshaw and Colorado formations—two recently assessed shale plays in Alberta, Canada. Partial Least Squares Regression models were unable to model gas production parameters from predictor variables, highlighting the complexity of gas formations and the need for data on microscale petrophysical characteristics. In contrast, oil production parameters were better predicted, because bulk variables such as mineral composition appeared to correlate with oil location in mineral interfaces. As expected, a PLS model's predictive capabilities increased with specificity of data sets to particular regions of a shale play. This study indicates how PCA and PLS modeling could assist stakeholders to make preliminary decisions regarding hydrocarbon extraction, especially when limited to publicly available petrophysical data.
Investigation of the Dinoflagellate Bioluminescence Mechanism: Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence or Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer?

Ubiquitous in the world's oceans, dinoflagellates are capable of fantastic displays of bright blue bioluminescence. This luminosity is a consequence of the oxidation of an open-chain tetrapyrrole, dinoflagellate luciferin (LH2), by the enzyme dinoflagellate luciferase (LCF). While many other bioluminescence systems are well understood, the reaction mechanism of LCF remains enigmatic. A comprehensive density functional theory investigation was used to evaluate several competing mechanisms of LCF catalysis employing distinct excited state luminophores. The results provide strong evidence in favor of a mechanism of dinoflagellate bioluminescence involving an excited state gem-diol(ate) intermediate. Analysis of the molecular orbitals relevant to the emission process indicates that catalysis from the E-isomer of LH2 is likely to proceed via a chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence reaction, while that from the Z-isomer may involve the formation of a biologically unprecedented twisted intramolecular charge transfer state.
Three Legislative Paths to Social Enterprise: L3Cs, Benefit Corporations, and Second Generation Cooperatives

This essay analyzes the development of three new legal forms developed to respond to the needs of emerging social enterprises: low-profit limited liability companies (L3Cs), benefit corporations, and new or second generation cooperatives. For each form, it considers what perceived deficiencies in older forms the new form is designed to address, how the form goes about addressing that deficiency, and its success to date in terms of adoption by state legislatures and individual enterprises. The essay draws a few lessons from these developments, and considers whether other new forms may better address the challenges that social enterprises face. A central conclusion is most legal developments to date, including the L3C and benefit corporation, do too little to help social enterprises credibly commit to pursuing a dual mission of profit and social purpose. The second generation cooperatives suggest that greater focus on voting and representation of stakeholder constituencies may present a better way forward.
Abstract 64: Perlecan LG3 is Neuroprotective When Administered Intra-arterially After Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Despite recent advances in stroke therapy, stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exploiting the brain’s endogenous protection and repair processes following stroke. Specifically, we reported that the LG3 protein fragment of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan is neuroprotective and proangiogenic in vitro. We now hypothesize that LG3 could be therapeutic in experimental stroke. However, as previous in vivo LG3 studies suggest that it may not readily target stroke-affected brain upon systemic administration, we administered LG3 in a super selective intra-arterial (IA) model (into the ipsilateral common carotid artery) following transient (1 hour) middle cerebral artery occlusion in 3 month old male mice. Upon reperfusion the mice received LG3 or vehicle controls via IP (5 mg/kg) or IA (0.15 mg/kg) administration. No differences in vital signs were noted between the treatment groups. We observed that all LG3 treated mice, regardless of route of administration, had a smaller infarct compared to controls on post-stroke day 3. Importantly, those mice that received IA LG3 had much smaller strokes and performed significantly better in forced movement and in free movement settings than all other treatment conditions. Our results demonstrate that acute LG3 administration is beneficial after experimental ischemic stroke, IA LG3 is safe and much more effective than IP, and support further investigation of LG3 as a novel acute stroke therapy.
Like Flies in a Jar? A Natural Experiment of Self-Control in an Organizational Social Dilemma with Large Stakes

We study the practice of self-control in an organizational social dilemma when the stakes are large, using 47 years of vital census data from 18th century Sweden. From 1750 to 1800, ninety percent of Sweden (the peasantry) lived in a simple-structure organization called a bytvang or village commons. The amount of resources a village family received was a function of their size. During this period, crop failures left the population facing starvation. Using autoregressive time-series modeling, we test whether the people of Sweden continued to take steps toward increasing the stress on the commons by marrying and birthing children or practiced self-control. We find evidence that the peasantry – with little education, archaic agricultural practices, strong barriers to abortion and infanticide, and pressures by the Church and State to procreate – were less likely to marry and birth children (in or outside of wedlock) when the quality of the previous year’s harvest was poor compared to when it was bounteous. Our findings suggest that human population growth is not a social dilemma called a collective trap – which has been the assumption for 50 years. Rather, human population growth is an individual dilemma – suggesting that members of simple-structured organizations can unilaterally exercise self-control and manage resources through self-organizing.
Some Effects of Divalent Cations on In Vitro Phagocytosis

An in vitro investigation of phagocytosis by rat peritoneal macrophages is reported. Some effects of divalent cations on binding and engulfment of several metal oxides and carbon particles are described.
Why Our Constitution Should Not Be Adopted?? A Review of Michael Klarman’s The Framers’ Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution (Oxford 2016)

Michael Klarman’s The Framers’ Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution is an opponent’s history of the adoption of the American Constitution, written under the continuing influence of Charles Beard's Economic History of the Constitution. Beard and Klarman impose the issues of progressive movement upon the 1787-88 ratification, where they do not belong. Klarman's framework cannot explain the economic necessity that required the strong national government created by the Constitution.
The Reciprocal Path from Possible Self to Core Self-Revision:

This article brings together work on the causes of possible-self revision with newer work on the consequences of these revisions for revisions in core selves. The first part reviews work on the cau...