cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subunit variation to uncover properties of polyazine-bridged Ru(II), Pt(II) supramolecules with low lying charge separated states providing insight into the functioning as H2O reduction photocatalysts to produce H2.

Two new structurally diverse polyazine-bridged Ru(II),Pt(II) tetrametallic complexes, [{(Ph2phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)PtCl2](PF6)6 (1a) and [{(Ph2phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpq)PtCl2](PF6)6 (2a) (Ph2phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, dpq = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline), as well as their trimetallic precursors have been synthesized to provide a comparison for detailed analysis to elucidate component effects in the previously reported photocatalyst [{(phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpq)PtCl2](PF6)6 (4a) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Electrochemistry shows terminal Ru based highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) with remote BL′ (BL′ = bridging ligand coupling central Ru and cis-PtCl2 moiety) based lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Population of a lowest-lying charge separated (3CS) excited state with oxidized terminal Ru and reduced remote BL′ via intramolecular electron transfer is predicted by electrochemical analysis and is observed through steady-state and time-resolved em...
Symmetry breaking in radiative meson decays

Several different sources ofSU3 symmetry breaking, including ρ-X0 mixing and the first Weinberg sum rule, are studied in the context of pole models for such decays as π0→γγ, η→γγ, X0→γγ, η→ππγ and X0→ργ. Present data prefer some of the models over others.
The Contra Costa Energy Dissipator

Laboratory culvert outfall dissipator was developed for dissipator at Contra Coste, Calif, to provide rational procedure of design for installations that were to be adequate for prescribed set of operational requirements and that were to have minimal initial and maintenance costs; dissipators using this design are in use.
Cognitive and psychiatric correlates of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a controlled comparison

Objective To assess the association of cognitive function, emotional, and psychiatric history in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea compared with amenorrheic and eumenorrheic controls. Design Each subject was medically evaluated for origin of amenorrhea or to establish eumenorrhea. Subjects completed a structured psychiatric interview and self-report questionnaires. Setting Patients were recruited from a large reproductive endocrinology practice within a tertiary referral center. Patients/Participants Consecutive patients who were eligible for the study were invited to participate. Eumenorrheic controls were recruited to match women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea by age, sex, weight, and season. Main Outcome Measures Cognitive measures assessed expectation of control, perfectionism, rigidity of ideas and concern about judgments of others (dysfunctional attitudes), coping ability, interpersonal and achievement functioning, and interpersonal dependence. Measures of mood and symptoms included both clinical and self-report scales. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined using Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM III-R. Results Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea endorsed more dysfunctional attitudes, had greater difficulty in coping with daily stresses, and tended to endorse greater interpersonal dependence than eumenorrheic women. Women with organic amenorrhea were statistically not different from either group but tended to report less dysfunctional attitudes and interpersonal dependence, although they displayed comparable difficulty in coping, compared with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea women. Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea more often had a history of psychiatric disorders, primarily mood disorders, than eumenorrheic women but were not different from women with organic amenorrhea. Conclusion Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea showed increased cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric morbidity.
Closure of ductus arteriosus in premature infants by peroral indomethacin therapy: A clinical analysis of 10 cases

Objective: To assess whether the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature can be closed by peroral indomethacin. Methods: Retrospective clinical analysis were performed on premature infants, 34 week's gestation, developing a systolic murmur with Yeh score 3 and/or echocardiographic findings. Results: 10 of 13 cases closed the PDA successfully. Murmur disappeared, widened pulse pressure decreased with the clinical symptoms and signs improved. Conclusion: Peroral indomethacin therapy can be effective in closing a PDA.
Thomas Pynchon and the Science Fiction Controversy

Since the publication of Gravity's Rainbow in 1973, Pynchon's "place" in American literature has been a matter of sweaty debate. He has been labeled an encyclopedist, an expressionist, a satirist, and a fabulist. Of course, the contemporary writer crosses currents in the literary mainstream like an undisciplined trout, and the critics, fastidious pigeon-holers that we may be, are bound and determined to find the one deep well that can rightly be called his home, the better to seize him there. So far, the results with Pynchon are more mixed than this metaphor.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEMATOLOGIC VARIATIONS AND ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH BOECK’S SARCOID; REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

The hematologic aspects of Boeck’s sarcoid are reviewed. Anemia is uncommon. The leukocyte count and differential picture are variable; they may be normal, or leukopenia may exist; leukocytosis is less commonly found. Eosinophilia may be present, and the monocytes may be increased. Abnormalities such as secondary polycythemia and leukemoid reaction are rare but may be causally related. Major disturbances include hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. The causal relationships between Boeck’s sarcoid and hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura, although suggestive, have not been definitely established. A case of sarcoidosis with splenomegaly and thrombocytopenic purpura with recovery of the thrombocytopenia following splenectomy is reported and discussed.
A novel oncogene, ost, encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that potentially links Rho and Rac signaling pathways.

Abstract Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with an osteosarcoma expression cDNA library led to the appearance of foci of morphologically transformed cells which were found to harbor a novel oncogene, ost. The ost product was activated by truncation of the N-terminal domain of the ost proto-oncogene and was highly tumorigenic in nude mouse assays. The proto-ost cDNA, isolated subsequently, encodes a predicted protein of 100 kDa containing DH (Db1 homology) and PH (pleckstrin homology) domains. Ost is mainly phosphorylated on serine and localized in the cytoplasm. Purified Ost protein catalyzed guanine nucleotide exchange on RhoA and Cdc42 among the Rho and Ras family members tested, indicating that Ost can activate these small GTP-binding proteins. Ost did not detectably associate with RhoA or Cdc42, but interacted specifically with the GTP-bound form of Rac1, suggesting that Ost can function as an effector of Rac1. These results suggest that Ost is a critical regulatory component which links pathways that signal through Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42. Of the tissues examined, expression of ost was the highest in brain and could be localized to neurons and alpha-tanycytes, suggesting that Ost may participate in axonal transport in these specialized cells.
Cutaneous histoplasmosis with prominent parasitization of epidermal keratinocytes: report of a case

Disseminated histoplasmosis most commonly occurs in immunosuppressed individuals and involves the skin in approximately 6% of patients. Cutaneous histoplasmosis with an intraepithelial-predominant distribution has not been described. A 47-year-old man was admitted to our institution with fever and vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia. He had been diagnosed with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 4 years earlier and had undergone matched-unrelated-donor stem cell transplant 2 years earlier; on admission, he had relapsed disease. His medical history was significant for disseminated histoplasmosis 6 months before admission, controlled with multiple antifungal regimens. During this final hospitalization, the patient developed multiple 2-5 mm erythematous papules, a hemorrhagic crust across the chest, shoulders, forearms, dorsal aspect of the fingers, abdomen and thighs. Skin biopsy revealed clusters of oval yeast forms mostly confined to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and within the stratum corneum; scattered organisms were present in the underlying superficial dermis without any significant associated inflammatory infiltrate. Special stains and immunohistochemical studies confirmed these to be Histoplasma organisms. We highlight this previously unrecognized pattern of cutaneous histoplasmosis to ensure its prompt recognition and appropriate antifungal therapy.
Parabolic Equation Methods for Terahertz 3-D Synthetic Aperture Imaging

Terahertz (THz) imaging has shown great potential for nondestructive evaluation of a wide variety of manufactured products composed of nonpolar dielectric materials. Recent work by the authors and others has demonstrated the ability to produce three-dimensional (3-D) THz tomographic images of such objects using a single dataset collected in a 2-D synthetic aperture configuration. However, the irregular surface topographies of many objects of interest introduce refractive effects that distort the tomographic images of the object's interior. This paper presents a novel physics-based approach to correct these refractive effects using parabolic equation methods common to undersea acoustics, seismology, and recently adapted for ground-penetrating radar and biomedical ultrasound. The ability of this method to estimate the thickness of a curved dielectric layer in a specially designed 3-D printed test object is demonstrated using experimental data. The error due to approximations made in the method's derivation is also analyzed and used to select simulation test cases to examine the effect of the approximation error on the accuracy of the resulting thicknesses estimates.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for the maintenance of liver-resident natural killer cells

A tissue-resident population of natural killer cells (NK cells) in the liver has recently been described to have the unique capacity to confer immunological memory in the form of hapten-specific contact hypersensitivity independent of T and B cells. Factors regulating the development and maintenance of these liver-resident NK cells are poorly understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor modulated by exogenous and endogenous ligands that is important in the homeostasis of immune cells at barrier sites, such as the skin and gut. In this study, we show that liver-resident NK (NK1.1+CD3-) cells, defined as CD49a+TRAIL+CXCR6+DX5- cells in the mouse liver, constitutively express AhR. In AhR-/- mice, there is a significant reduction in the proportion and absolute number of these cells, which results from a cell-intrinsic dependence on AhR. This deficiency in liver-resident NK cells appears to be the result of higher turnover and increased susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. Finally, we show that this deficiency has functional implications in vivo. Upon hapten exposure, AhR-/- mice are not able to mount an NK cell memory response to hapten rechallenge. Together, these data demonstrate the requirement of AhR for the maintenance of CD49a+TRAIL+CXCR6+DX5- liver-resident NK cells and their hapten memory function.
Stealth-Trading: To Split, or Not to Split?

We construct a model to analyze how the interactions between individuals (uninformed) and institutional traders (informed) in the stock market affect the informed traders' trade size choices. Using a sample of NYSE stock data from TORQ database in the model simulation, we observe that when the fraction of "defensive informed traders" among informed traders and the splitting cost are not too small, medium-size trades are more preferred by institutional traders. This result is consistent with Barclay and Warner's (1993) stealth-trading hypothesis.
Improving disk array reliability through faster repairs (Extended abstract)

Magnetic disk capacities have grown over the last decades by a factor of at least ten thousand. While the minicomputer disk drives of the late eighties could only store 600 MB of data [5], 8TB or 10TB disk drives are common today. The same is not true for disk transfer rates: they are just one hundred times higher than those of the late eighties. As a result, copying the entire contents of a disk will take now considerably more time than thirty or forty years ago.
Physiological Monitoring of Stroke in the Intensive Care Setting

Management of acute ischemic stroke has evolved in recent years with advances in ensuring neuroprotection, therefore decreasing post-stroke disability and mortality. The introduction of dedicated stroke and neurocritical care units has allowed for close monitoring of physiological parameters targeting blood pressure, oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide levels, blood glucose, body temperature, water hemostasis, and intracranial pressure. Both invasive and noninvasive methods result in expedited care for unexpected physiological derangements, preventing secondary brain injury. Physiological monitoring of stroke in an intensive care setting is essential in improving stroke-associated dependency and outcome.
The mystery of the nonfunctioning catheter: An unusual complication of peritoneal dialysis outflow failure

Noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) remain an important impediment to successful implementation of PD. Rare noninfectious complications of the PD catheter are sparsely reported. We report an unusual complication of outflow failure due to a peritoneal catheter that separated into two distinct intra-abdominal segments, due to an unusual method of placement in which two catheters were connected to make a long intra-abdominal portion to permit a high exit site on the abdominal wall. The application of this unusual rather a unique technique led to separation of the two catheter portions and the outflow failure shortly after the patient started continuous ambulatory PD. We reviewed other unusual causes of PD catheter failure, and these included luminal stones blocking the PD catheter, pneumomediastinum related to inappropriate technique, catheter deformation and leak due to the use of antibiotic ointment at the exit site of polyurethane catheters, vesicoperitoneal fistula and perforation of the bladder from the placement of PD catheters, rare site migrations of the catheter, and subcutaneous titanium connector infection in a presternal catheter. Knowledge of these unusual complications may allow prevention and/or early recognition.
Foreword: What Does Christianity Offer to the World of Law?

The interaction of law and Christianity has been a perennial topic of study over the past two millennia. In recent years, however, this topic has taken on new importance in legal education as scholars have wrestled with the contributions that Christian ideas, institutions, methods, and practices can make to state law. Both biblical and traditional Christian teachings, these scholars have shown, still have salience for law in a post-Christian culture, dedicated to religious freedom for all and religious establishment for none. This essay analyzes a few of the main contributions Christianity has made and can make to modern legal systems.
Types and Characteristics of Fish and Seafood Provisioning Scripts Used by Rural Midlife Adults.

Abstract Objective To examine rural New York State consumers' cognitive scripts for fish and seafood provisioning. Design A cross-sectional design with in-depth, semistructured interviews. Setting Three rural New York State counties. Participants Adults (n = 31) with diverse fish-related experiences were purposefully recruited. Phenomenon of Interest Scripts describing fish and seafood acquisition, preparation, and eating out. Analysis Interview transcripts were coded for emergent themes using Atlas.ti. Diagrams of scripts for each participant were constructed. Results Five types of acquisition scripts included quality-oriented, price-oriented, routine, special occasion, and fresh catch. Frequently used preparation scripts included everyday cooking, fast meal, entertaining, and grilling. Scripts for eating out included fish as first choice, Friday outing, convenient meals, special event, and travel meals. Personal values and resources influenced script development. Individuals drew on a repertoire of scripts based on their goals and resources at that time and in that place. Script characteristics of scope, flexibility, and complexity varied widely. Conclusions and Implications Scripts incorporated goals, values, and resources into routine food behaviors. Understanding the characteristics of scripts provided insights about fish provisioning and opportunities to reduce the gap between current intake and dietary guidelines in this rural setting.
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Maize-Associated Cytorhabdovirus

ABSTRACT A new 11,877-nucleotide cytorhabdovirus sequence with 6 open reading frames has been identified in a maize sample. It shares 50 and 51% genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity with northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus and barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus, respectively.
Brain Bisection and Mechanisms of Consciousness

During the past decade we have been engaged in studies in which the brain is surgically divided down the middle into right and left halves. The behavioral performances of cats and monkeys following brain bisection have led to the conclusion that each of the surgically separated hemispheres must sense, perceive, learn, and remember quite independently of the other hemisphere [Sperry, 1961a, 1961b; 1964a, 1964b].
Seeing Things that Don’t Exist: Conceptualizing an Augmented Reality Atmosphere: An Abstract

Augmented reality technologies aim at integrating virtual elements into a user’s perception of the real world while keeping the experience as realistic as possible. In particular, a new technology termed augmented reality smart glasses (ARSGs) provides users with the opportunity to integrate three-dimensional, realistic virtual elements into their vision field in real time. Although AR holds great appeal within the consumer community, very little is known about how these 3D holograms influence a user’s perception of the atmosphere. Furthermore, altered sensations and perceptions within these artificially designed environments have not received much attention from researchers. Therefore, this research aims at conceptualizing augmented reality atmosphere and developing and validating a multidimensional measurement scale. This new concept can aid in better understanding how people perceive AR environments and how AR stimuli influence consumer behavior and in turn the overall consumption experience. For managers, these new developments can guide app developers in creating successful and impactful apps. Lastly, marketers can use this scale to assess if apps trigger perceptions and experience consistent with their intended brand perception. Our methodological approach integrates a very novel, cutting-edge form of augmented reality smart glasses: Microsoft HoloLens.
The erosion of horizontal sand slurry pipelines resulting from inter-particle collision

Abstract Erosion in slurry pipeline systems has received a lot of attention due to the economic impact in the cost of replacing portions of the pipelines. Most attention has been merited from the oil and gas industry. However, remediation of reservoirs behind dams built along major river systems is also a major reason this investigation is so important and provides the background for some of the parameters of this paper. Given that straight pipes are the predominant part of most systems, our attention is restricted to long straight pipes that are far enough away from elbows, welds, and tee fittings that would alter the flow. A model predicting pipeline erosion from smooth river sands suspended in aqueous slurries due to inter-particle collisions which go on to impact the wall of the pipe on straight pipelines is presented. The model is based on physical laws governing the flow of the slurry, how these velocity gradients affect the number of particles impacting the pipe wall, and the amount of wall particle removed from such impacts based on their kinetic energy. The model considers particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 350 µm, velocities of 3.5–6 m/s, and sand slurry concentrations of 10–40% by volume.
The Effect of Financial Asset Supply on Prices: Evidence from the Discontinuation of 30-year US Treasury Bonds

In this paper, I analyze how prices of Treasury securities reacted following the announcement by the US Treasury in October 2001 to discontinue 30-year Treasury Bonds. I find that prices of long-dated Treasury bonds react much more (the largest daily move ever) than shorter maturities, suggesting a supply effect. I also look at Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, and find that their prices also respond in a similar manner, which would be would not happen if the investors were updating inflationary expectations after the announcement. I also look at the swap spreads around the event, and find that the 30-year swap spreads increased by about 18 basis points, with the other maturities remaining virtually unchanged, providing validation for the supply effect. An examination of the reintroduction of 30-year Treasury bonds in February 2006 also provides evidence of a supply effect.
Rimantadine and Amantadine in the Prophylaxis and Therapy of Influenza A

Amantadine (1-adamantanamine hydrochloride) and rimantadine (α-methyl-1-adamantanemethylamine hydrochloride) are antiviral compounds with activity primarily against influenza A virus. Although in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities of these compounds have been recognized since the early 1960’s, these compounds have received relatively limited use in western countries for prevention and/or treatment of influenza A infections, although rimantadine is used extensively for that purpose in the Soviet Union. Both compounds have been widely studied in experimentally induced and natural occurring infections in humans, primarily in uncomplicated disease in young adults. Recently, several controlled studies of rimantadine in the prophylaxis and therapy of influenza A infection in children and in elderly subjects have also been carried out in the United States, and additional studies of amantadine have been conducted as well. These investigations have stimulated renewed interests in these compounds, as discussed below.
Niemann-Pick Type C2 (NPC2) Protein Regulates Adipocyte Metabolism

NPC2 has been recently identified as the second gene in the autosomal recessive cholesterol storage disorder, the NPC disease. It encodes a secretory, 151 amino acid protein with unknown function. ...
Bilinear Recovery Using Adaptive Vector-AMP

We consider the problem of jointly recovering the vector $\boldsymbol{b}$ and the matrix $\boldsymbol{C}$ from noisy measurements $\boldsymbol{Y} = \boldsymbol{A}(\boldsymbol{b})\boldsymbol{C} + \boldsymbol{W}$ , where $\boldsymbol{A}(\cdot)$ is a known affine linear function of $\boldsymbol{b}$ (i.e., $\boldsymbol{A}(\boldsymbol{b})=\boldsymbol{A}_0+\sum _{i=1}^Q b_i \boldsymbol{A}_i$ with known matrices $\boldsymbol{A}_i$ ). This problem has applications in matrix completion, robust PCA, dictionary learning, self-calibration, blind deconvolution, joint-channel/symbol estimation, compressive sensing with matrix uncertainty, and many other tasks. To solve this bilinear recovery problem, we propose the Bilinear Adaptive Vector Approximate Message Passing (VAMP) algorithm. We demonstrate numerically that the proposed approach is competitive with other state-of-the-art approaches to bilinear recovery, including lifted VAMP and Bilinear Generalized Approximate Message Passing.
Enhancing a community-based water resource tool for assessing environmental change: the arctic water resources vulnerability index revisited

People in the Arctic and sub-Arctic continue to face uncertainty in their livelihoods as they contend with environmental variability and change operating at multiple scales. The arctic water resources vulnerability index (AWRVI) was proposed as a tool that arctic communities could use to assess their susceptibility to both changing biophysical conditions affecting their water resources and socioeconomic conditions measuring their ability to respond to such changes. The application of AWRVI in six communities in Northwest Alaska and one in Southcentral Alaska is explored with a view to enhancing the tool as an adaptive capacity index, and a set of AWRVI indicators and parameters was refined by modifying the suite of biophysical measures and societal capacities to enhance the ability of the tool to gauge community adaptive capacity, and incorporate the use of more diverse datasets. A critical update was the development of an indicator for change in timing of precipitation in response to advice from Alaskan practitioners and scientists. Index scores based on the updated AWRVI are compared with the original AWRVI for the seven communities and show small to modest changes in the adaptive capacity scores. The role of the updated AWRVI is discussed as a tool to assist communities as they attempt to understand, negotiate, and reconcile adaptation measures for environmental change at local scales, potentially providing a guide for communities to target adaptive responses.
Prognostic Power of Extreme Rainfall Scaling Formulas Across Space and Time Scales

Author(s): Fildier, B; Parishani, H; Collins, WD | Abstract: Some studies documenting changes in extreme precipitation use scaling formulas to approximate the large percentiles of the rainfall distribution from average dynamical and thermodynamical variables, called predictors. Here we instead assess the performance of these formulas as approximations to the rain rates in individual events. We evaluate the accuracies of the scaling relationships as functions of spatial and temporal scales by analyzing tropical rainfall in a superparameterized model. Relationships using full vertical profiles of the predictors are more accurate than those using their values at specific vertical levels because they better characterize the specific dynamics of each event. Both types of scaling relationships perform well over a range of length scales from 200 to 2,000nkm and time scales from an hour to a week, and their precision is higher in the case of simulations with superparameterization than with parameterized convection. Uncertainties emerging from the local use of the scaling relationships suggest that they may only characterize the intensification of individual extremes for a warming of 4–5nK or larger. Finally, we argue that these formulas can be used to reconstruct the tail of the rainfall distribution directly from its predictors without prior information on P. While scalings have been used as diagnostic equations conditioned on the occurrence of extreme rainfall, they are actually able to mimic the prognostic behavior of climate model parameterizations on a variety of scales when estimating the intensity, frequency, and spatial patterns of extremes.
Design and evaluation of 3D CAPTCHAs

Abstract Most current 2D CAPTCHAs are vulnerable to automated character recognition attacks and the latest attacks can successfully break the 2D text CAPTCHAs at a rate of more than 90%. In this work, we present two novel 3D CAPTCHAs, which are more secure than current 2D text CAPTCHAs against automated character recognition attacks. Our approach is to display CAPTCHA characters on 3D objects. We exploit the difficulty that machines have in rotating 3D objects to find the correct viewpoint and in further recognizing characters in 3D, while we believe humans can easily perform these tasks. Using an offline automated character recognition attack, we find that 82% of new text reCAPTCHAs are broken, while approximately 60% of our 3D CAPTCHAs are broken and only if characters are focused on and zoomed in from a direct viewpoint. When CAPTCHAs are presented in slightly different views, the attack success rate is rapidly diminished to 0%. In addition, we use commercial Deep Neural Networks-based text and object detection classifiers to attack our systems, and demonstrate that our approach is extremely difficult to break with these classifiers, even if CAPTCHA characters are presented in direct, 2D view. With emulated relay attacks, fewer than 16% of our CAPTCHAs are accurately solved by human solvers, while more than 90% of current 2D text-based CAPTCHAs are solved. Also, we performed an IRB-approved user study to evaluate the usability of our approach. Participants agreed that our approach was usable in spite of the extra time required for 3D model rotation.
Chapter 16 – Lactose Intolerance

Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products and breast milk. It is broken down in the small intestine in a reaction catalyzed by the lactase enzyme. Lactose intolerance is a condition in which there is either insufficient lactase levels, hypolactasia, or a complete absence of lactase, alactasia. The three types of lactose intolerance are congenital, primary late onset, and secondary. These conditions can be diagnosed by a variety of tests, including a hydrogen breath test, genetic testing, and a small intestinal biopsy. Lactose intolerance can be treated by a strict lactose-free diet, a low-lactose diet, lactase supplements, or probiotic supplements. The appropriate treatment is selected based on the type of lactose intolerance.
Leveraging neurophysiological information to augment interpretation of responses to vulnerable robot behaviors

Previous human-robot interaction (HRI) research has shown that trust, disclosure, and companionship may be influenced by a robot's verbal behavior. Measures used to interpret these key aspects of HRI commonly include surveys, observations, and user interviews. In this preliminary work, we aim to extend previous research by exploring the use of electroencephalography (EEG) to augment our understanding of participants' responses to vulnerable robot behaviors. We tested this method by obtaining EEG data from participants while they interacted with a robotic tutor. The robotic tutor was designed to exhibit high vulnerability (HV) or low vulnerability (LV) behaviors similar to a previous HRI study. Our preliminary results show that event-related potentials (ERPs) may provide insights into participants' early affective processing of vulnerable robot behaviors.
Gender Differences and Similarities in Dominance Hierarchies in Same-Gender Groups Based on Speaking Time

This study aimed at investigating whether all-women and all-men groups differed in their hierarchical organization and stability of their rank orders across time. One hundred and sixteen European, middle-class, noncollege women and men (average age: 38) participated in small-group discussions twice within a week with the same group members. Speaking time served as the behavioral dominance indicator on which group hierarchies were based. Additionally, group members rank ordered each other on dominance after each interaction. In the first session, all-men groups were more hierarchically structured than all-women groups. During each session, all-women and all-men groups showed a similar significant increase in hierarchical structuring. For both women and men, rank orders remained stable during interactions and from the first to the second session. Results are discussed in terms of three theoretical models describing dominance hierarchies.
ESOPHAGEAL MEASUREMENT OF CORE BODY TEMPERATURE IN THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)

Cold-stress syndrome (CSS) is one of the leading natural threats to free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Cold water exposure below the species' acceptable physiologic range is a frequent occurrence for manatees during cold weather months causing CSS-induced systemic illness and significant annual mortality. Although CSS is a commonly presented condition at manatee rehabilitation facilities, the core body temperatures in CSS manatees are currently unknown due to the lack of clinically applicable and accurate temperature measurement methodologies. Our objective was to establish a clinically applicable measurement methodology of core body temperature in manatees. A novel, minimally invasive temperature technique to obtain esophageal temperature by placing a temperature sensor through an oro-gastric tube was compared to current oral and nasal methods in 20 clinically healthy manatees. Results identified the esophageal measurement as the best performing and most precise temperature methodology. The superior performance of esophageal temperature measurements differed significantly from both nasal and oral measurements, while nasal and oral measurements did not differ when compared with each other. The esophageal measurements were consistent with manatee core body temperature, facilitating generation of a reference interval for core body temperature in healthy manatees (35.0-35.8 C). Four CSS medical cases were evaluated with the newly validated esophageal temperature method, facilitating diagnosis of hypothermia. The application of this temperature measurement technique to CSS manatees in field or rehabilitation settings will help in understanding CSS pathophysiology, improve medical assessments during rehabilitation, and contribute to conservation efforts.
Hyperspectral Image Recovery Using a Color Camera for Detecting Colonies of Foodborne Pathogens on Agar Plate

Hyperspectral imaging often requires a special camera system to obtain spectral images. The cost for acquisition and process of hyperspectral images is usually much higher than color images. On the contrary, typical consumer-grade digital color cameras are much cheaper to obtain and process spatially high-resolution images than hyperspectral cameras. This paper is concerned with the development of a hyperspectral image recovery technique that can reconstruct hyperspectral images only from color images obtained by a digital color camera. A sparse representation and least squares regression-based classification of foodborne pathogens on agar plates are presented. The target pathogen bacteria were the six representative non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145). The wavelength range for the spectral recovery was from 400 to 1000 nm. Unlike many other studies using color charts with known and noise-free spectra for training their spectral recovery models, we directly used the hyperspectral and color images of real scenes for training the spectral recovery models. Both hyperspectral and color images were calibrated to percent reflectance values and then spatially registered. Two spectral recovery models including polynomial multivariate linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were evaluated and compared by cross-validation and independent test. The spectral recovery results showed that the PLSR was more effective than the MLR. The classification accuracy measured with recovered spectra in an independent test set was about 5–10% less than the case of using the true hyperspectral images although the difference in maximum classification accuracy was only about 2%. The results suggested the potential of a cost-effective color imaging system using hyperspectral image classification algorithms for differentiating pathogens in agar plates.
RIGHT UNILATERAL ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF LATE-LIFE BIPOLAR DISORDER

Introduction Bipolar Disorder accounts for 10-25% of all mood disorders in the geriatric population and 5% of all inpatient admissions to geropsychiatric units. It is a disabling illness in the elderly and is often treatment-resistant. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for all phases of bipolar disorder, though only a few studies have focused on bipolar disorder in the geriatric population. There is insufficient evidence to determine which electrode placement is most efficacious in treating bipolar disorder. Some experts recommend the use of bilateral treatments. However, no evidence-based data support this particular approach. The treatment of bipolar depression with ECT brings a set of challenges, most notably the concomitant use of anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers. The earlier practice of stopping all psychotropic medications before and during a course of ECT is no longer a common practice. However, there is controversy in the field and difference in opinion regarding the combination of antiepileptic drugs (AED), lithium and ECT. Another challenge of using ECT for the treatment of bipolar depression is the risk of inducing mania or modifying the illness to one that is rapid cycling, which could become more challenging to treat if no mood stabilizers are kept on board. This study will report on our experience treating late-life bipolar disorders with ECT in our high volume ECT service. Methods Forty-eight patients 55?years old and older with Bipolar Disorder who received right unilateral (RUL) ECT were identified on a retrospective chart review form the Emory University ECT service. 72% were female. Forty-four received ultra-brief pulse right unilateral (UBRUL), 4 received brief RUL. The cohort consisted of Bipolar Depression, Bipolar mania, Bipolar with psychotic features, and Bipolar with catatonia. Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) was completed both pre-ECT and post-ECT, while the Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI-I) scale was performed post-ECT. Response was defined by a decrease of QIDS by 50% and CGI-I ≤2. Results Analysis is undergoing; information regarding electrode placement modality, pulse width, use of mood stabilizers, response rates, remission rates, and cognitive function will be included in the results. We expect to have a high number of patients responding to UBRUL ECT. Conclusions ECT is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients presenting with Bipolar Disorder. RUL treatment modality could be considered as an option prior to BL ECT in order to decrease risks of cognitive adverse effects. Further studies are warranted to establish further treatment guidelines in this area. This research was funded by: No funding
Role of Teleproctoring in Challenging and Innovative Structural Interventions Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.

Teleproctoring can be used successfully in performing challenging and innovative structural heart interventions using sophisticated technology that allows real-time bidirectional audiovisual communication with digital transmission of live videos and direct observation of the operative field by a remote proctor. The authors share an illustrative case that was performed amid the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic that led to travel restrictions to limit spread of the virus. Teleproctoring has future implications beyond the current global health crisis to facilitate rapid dissemination and exchange of knowledge for ultimately helping patients around the globe.
Single Center Retrospective Study of Patients with Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP).

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) with ocular involvement often leads to devastating vision loss from ocular surface disease. This study sought to better characterize presenting symptoms, clinical c...
A Survey of OVI Absorption in the Local Interstellar Medium

We report the results of a survey of OVI 1032 absorption along the lines of sight to 25 white dwarfs in the local interstellar medium (LISM) obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). We find that interstellar OVI absorption along all sightlines is generally weak, and in a number of cases, completely absent. No OVI absorption was detected with significance greater than 2 sigma for 12 of the 25 stars, where the 1 sigma uncertainty is 4 mA, equivalent to an OVI column density of ~3 x 10^12 cm^-2. Of the remaining stars, most have column densities N(OVI) 40,000 K) white dwarfs, there is some evidence that the OVI absorption may be at least partially photospheric or circumstellar in origin. We interpret the "patchy" distribution of OVI absorption in terms of a model where OVI is formed in evaporative interfaces between cool clouds and the hot, diffuse gas in the Local Bubble (LB). If the clouds contain tangled or tangential magnetic fields, then thermal conduction will be quenched over most of the cloud surface, and OVI will be formed only in local "patches" where conduction is allowed to operate. We find an average OVI space density in the LISM of 2.4 x 10^-8 cm^-3, which is similar to, or slightly larger than, the value in the Galactic disk over kpc scales. This local density implies an average OVI column density of ~7 x 10^12 cm^-2 over a path length of 100 pc within the LB. The OVI data presented here appears to be inconsistent with the model proposed by Breitschwerdt & Schmutzler (1994), in which highly ionized gas at low kinetic temperature (~50,000 K) permeates the LB. Our survey results are consistent with the supernova-driven cavity picture of Cox & Smith (1974).
Characterizing and Modeling Nonvolatile Memory Systems

Scalable server-grade nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) DIMMs are commercially available with the release of Intel’s Optane DIMM. Recent studies on Optane DIMM-based systems unveil discrepant performance characteristics, compared with what many researchers thought before the product release. To thoroughly analyze the source of the discrepancy and facilitate real-NVRAM-aware system design, we develop an NVRAM microarchitecture characterization and modeling framework, consisting of a Low-level profilEr for Non-volatile memory Systems (LENS) and a Validated cycle-Accurate NVRAM Simulator (VANS). LENS allows users to comprehensively analyze NVRAM performance attributes and reverse engineer NVRAM microarchitectures. We use LENS to reverse engineer the sophisticated microarchitecture design of Optane DIMM and generate a set of architecture implications of industrial NVRAMs. VANS models Optane DIMM microarchitecture and is validated by comparing with the detailed performance characteristics of Optane DIMM-attached servers. VANS adopts a modular design that can be easily modified to extend to other NVRAM architecture designs.
Rehabilitating neutrality

This article responds to Janet Kourany’s proposal, in Philosophy of Science after Feminism, that scientific practices be held to the ideal of ‘socially responsible science’, to produce results that are not only cognitively sound, but also significant in the light of values ‘that can be morally justified’. Kourany also urges the development of ‘contextualized philosophy of science’—of which feminist philosophy of science is exemplary—that is ‘politically engaged’ and ‘activist’, ‘informed by analyses of the actual ways in which science interacts with the wider society in which it occurs, the ways in which science is shaped by and in turn shapes society’, and that can contribute to understanding both the cognitive and social dimensions of science. Although I share Kourany’s commitment to contextualized philosophy of science, I question her proposed ideal of ‘socially responsible science’ and the grounds she provides for adopting it. My argument leads me to defend rehabilitating the traditional ideal of the ‘neutrality’ of science, which I reinterpret as the ideal of ‘inclusiveness and evenhandedness’.
Monomeric sugars from enzymatic processing of soy flour

Abstract Soy carbohydrate is currently underutilized and undervalued. Selectively hydrolyzing soy carbohydrate produces protein-enriched products and fermentable sugars, and increases soybean value significantly. The process involves complex carbohydrates and multi-enzyme dependency and interactions, and requires quantitative models to guide the use of optimal enzyme and process design. Here, soy flour was processed by 10 enzymes of different activity compositions. Kinetic yields of individual sugars were followed and the results modeled to gain insights into the hydrolytic effectiveness of different carbohydrase activities, their sensitivities to changing loading (activity per g carbohydrate), and their rates of declining effectiveness over time.
Thermospheric mass density: A review

Abstract The mass density of Earth’s thermosphere (∼90–600 km altitude) is a critical parameter for low Earth orbit prediction because of the atmospheric drag on satellites in this region. In this review, we first survey techniques for measuring thermospheric density, empirical models that provide a synthesis of historical data, and physical models that simulate the environment by solving fluid equations. We then review the climate and weather features that are observed in thermospheric density (including its response to solar forcing) and summarize recent studies of these features. The review is focused on results published between 2000 and 2014, which coincides with a period of extensive accelerometer measurements of density and accompanying research; some historical context is also provided.
The role of optics and photonics in encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and security systems (Parts I and II)

In this paper, we discuss the role of optics and photonics systems in developing reliable techniques for anti-counterfeiting, verification, and security systems. The techniques presented in this paper can be used in a variety of applications including security verification of credit cards, passports, and other IDs so that they cannot easily be reproduced. We also discuss optical techniques for image encryption, optical neural networks for face recognition, and other biometrics signature verification using optics and optoelectronics. We present new techniques that employ complex phase/amplitude encoding that cannot be seen and cannot be copied by an intensity sensitive detector such as a CCD camera.
Comparison theorems in Riemannian geometry

Basic concepts and results Toponogov's theorem Homogeneous spaces Morse theory Closed geodesics and the cut locus The sphere theorem and its generalizations The differentiable sphere theorem Complete manifolds of nonnegative curvature Compact manifolds of nonpositive curvature Bibliography Additional bibliography Index.