cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stromal cells for cardiovascular disease

The fields of regenerative medicine and cellular therapy have been the subject of tremendous hype and hope. In particular, the perceived usage of somatic cells like mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has captured the imagination of many. MSCs are a rare population of cells found in multiple regions within the body that can be readily expanded ex vivo and utilized clinically. Originally, it was hypothesized that transplantation of MSCs to sites of injury would lead to de novo tissue-specific differentiation and thereby replace damaged tissue. Now, it is generally agreed that MSC home to sites of injury and direct positive remodeling via the secretion of paracrine factors. Consequently, their clinical utilization has largely revolved around their abilities to promote neovascularization for ischemic disorders and modulate overly exuberant inflammatory responses for autoimmune and alloimmune conditions. One of the major issues surrounding the development of somatic cell therapies like MSCs is that despite evoking a positive response, long-term engraftment and persistence of these cells is rare. Consequently, very large cell doses need be administered for raising production, delivery, and efficacy issues. In this review, we will outline the field of MSC in the context of ischemia and discuss causes for their lack of persistence. In addition, some of the methodologies be used to enhance their therapeutic potential will be highlighted.
Incremental rate monotonic scheduling for improved control system performance

The paper presents an algorithm and its run-time performance for scheduling periodic incremental and design-to-time processes. The algorithm is based on the slack stealer which dynamically answers the question "how much execution time is available prior to a deadline" when all periodic processes are scheduled using rate monotonic scheduling. An incremental process asks how much execution time is available after the baseline component has completed and prior to the execution of a process increment. A design-to-time process asks how much execution time is available before the process begins execution and selects a version which gives the greatest precision in the available time. For both incremental and design-to-time processes, a minimum amount of time is statically reserved so that an acceptable but suboptimal solution will always be calculated. The author identifies and proposes a solution for the practical problem of supporting criticalities when scheduling slack and analyze the run-time overheads of this algorithm. The analysis is applied to two real-world data sets. In certain cases, the execution time of this algorithm is found to be efficient.
High sensitivity, total body PET scanning using 3D data acquisition and reconstruction

A suitable 3-D total body scanning protocol is developed and compared with the standard 2-D clinical protocol using phantom data. An extension of the 3-D protocol to maximize sensitivity, axial sampling, and noise uniformity is proposed for future scanners. By combining 3-D data acquisition and reconstruction with a quasi-continuous axial bed motion, gains in signal-to-noise (S/N) of around 2 can be achieved for typical whole body activity concentrations. S/N uniformity was also considerably improved. Some of the hardware requirements for implementing 3-D total body positron emission tomography (PET) are also discussed. Two examples showing a comparison of 2-D and 3-D extended axial length PET scans in a human subject and in a monkey are presented. >
Scheduling multiple sensors for tracking a highly maneuvering target in clutter

The problem of multiple sensor scheduling for tracking a highly maneuvering target in clutter is considered. The objective is to schedule the sensors one or multiple time steps ahead so that the overall tracking performance of the system can be improved while minimizing the cost of resources. In the proposed scheduling algorithm, under the constraint that only one sensor may be used at any time step, we predict the expected cost one or multiple time steps ahead as a function of the candidate sensor scheduling sequences, and pick the sequence that minimizes an expected performance metric. We use a random sampling approach coupled with switching multiple kinematic models for target motion, to generate future (pseudo-)states and (pseudo-) measurements which allows computation of the relevant performance metric. Tracking of highly maneuvering target is achieved by an effective suboptimal filtering algorithm based on an interacting multiple model (IMM) filtering approach combined with probabilistic data association (PDA) technique and the proposed sensor scheduling scheme. The proposed algorithm is illustrated via a simulation example involving two geographically distributed radar sensors.
A New Approach to the Analysis of Reductive and Dissipative Costs in Nitrogen Assimilation

The relative costs of assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is an important question for the interpretation of higher plant productivity. On the basis of the energetics of N2 reduction by bacterial nitrogenase (Burris and Winter, 1968) and thermodynamic and stoichiometric considerations (Bergersen, 1971; Hardy and Havelka, 1975), it would appear that the cost of N2 fixation is comparable to that for NO3 − reduction. However, those analyses did not account fully for losses associated with H2 evolution (Schubert and Evans, 1976) or for nodule growth and maintenance in the case of N2 fixation, nor for the cost of pH balance during NO3 − assimilation (Dijkshoorn, 1962; Raven and Smith, 1976).
Reproductive Performance of Angus and Brahman Cows Grazing Common Bermudagrass or Endophyte-lnfected Tall Fescue

Reproductive performance of approximately 80 purebred Angus and 80 purebred Brahman managed on either endophyte-infected tall fescue or common bermudagrass was evaluated over 4 yr. Calving percentage averaged 7.6% higher on common bermudagrass compared to tail fescue 05) and this difference was similar in both breeds. Breed differences in calving percentage were similar in each year and forage with the exception of tall fescue in 1991 where Brahman exceeded Angus by 20.9% (P < .05). Averaged over years, calving interval (days from first bull exposure to calving) was significantly affected (P < .05) by forage in the Brahman breed. Brahman on bermudagrass had an average 7-d longer calving interval than Brahman in tall fescue. Calving interval for Angus cows was not affected by forage type. There was little evidence of forage effects on calving difficulty but Angus cows bred to Brahman bulls and producing a bull calf had higher levels of calving difficulty than other breed of sire × breed of dam × sex classes (P < .01). Dystocia requiring major intervention lowered calving percentages by an average 39.8% the following year (P < .01), and open cows were similar in calving percentage the following year to cows experiencing no or minor calving difficulty with the possible exception of Brahman on tall fescue. Based on observed forage availabilities for the different years, there was some evidence in the study that lower nutritional levels increased effects of calving difficulty on subsequent reproduction. These data suggest that tall fescue reduces calving rates equally in both breeds and may be of some advantage in Brahman cows in date of conception, although this advantage may be partially offset by effects of lactation on subsequent reproduction in the Brahman on tall fescue.
Inflations of self-affine tilings are integral algebraic Perron

We prove that any expanding linear map $$\phi : \mathbb {R}^{\mathtt {d}} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{\mathtt {d}}$$ that is the inflation map in an inflation-substitution process generating a self-affine tiling of $$\mathbb {R}^\mathtt {d}$$ is integral algebraic and Perron. This means that $$\phi $$ is linearly conjugate to a restriction of an integer matrix to a subspace $${\mathcal {E}}$$ satisfying a maximal growth condition that generalizes the characterization of Perron numbers as numbers that are larger than the moduli of their algebraic conjugates. The case of diagonalizable $$\phi $$ has been previously resolved by Richard Kenyon and Boris Solomyak, and it is rooted in Thurston’s idea of lifting the tiling from the physical space $$\mathbb {R}^\mathtt {d}$$ to a higher dimensional mathematical space where the tiles (their control points) sit on a lattice. The main novelty of our approach is in lifting the inflation-substitution process to the mathematical space and constructing a certain vector valued cocycle defined over the translation induced $$\mathbb {R}^\mathtt {d}$$ -action on the tiling space. The subspace $${\mathcal {E}}$$ is obtained then by ergodic averaging of the cocycle. More broadly, we assemble a powerful framework for studying self-affine tiling spaces.
Determination of Yield-Loss Relationships for Two Soybean Defoliators by Using Simulated Insect-Defoliation Techniques

A 3-year study, from 1976 to 1978, was conducted in central Iowa to establish more accurate yield-loss relationships for the painted lady, Cynthia cardui (L.), and the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), on soybeans. Simulated larval development and insect defoliation were driven by a temperature-dependent leaf-consumption model. Central Iowa experienced a severe drought during 1976 and 1977, and yield reductions those years were great. There was an ample supply of soil moisture during the remaining year, 1978, and the insect levels simulated did not cause any yield reductions. Therefore, yieldloss relationships were established only for the dry years when a moderate drought existed, as were the subsequently calculated economic-injury levels.
SCLEROTINIACEAE I. GENERIC NOMENCLATURE

SUMMARY Typification and the nomenclatural and current taxonomic status of the names of the 15 genera included by Whetzel in his original delimitation of the family Sclerotiniaceae are reviewed. Martinia is invalid, being a later homonym, for which the name Martininia is available. The correct name for Ciborinia is shown to be Sclerotinia, and the correct name for Stromatinia is Tarzetta. The generic name Myriosclerotinia is available to replace Sclerotinia in Whetzel's sense. The name Rutstroemia is typified by a species which Whetzel excluded from the family. The other generic names accepted by Whetzel are available and may be used in his taxonomic sense. This is the first in a series of papers serving as a precursor to a monograph of the Sclerotiniaceae (Helotiales). The family was established by Whetzel (1945) for 15 genera of stromatic, inoperculate Discomycetes. Professor Whetzel's experience with this family extended over decades of intensive work, and he was preparing a comprehensive treatment of the entire family at the time of his death. Professor H. M. Fitzpatrick completed the manuscript, using Whetzel's wellkept and easily accessible notes, and prepared the key to the genera and the Latin diagnoses for the new taxa which appeared in that paper. Whetzel's paper greatly influenced the development of interest in this family, and in the last quarter century many new species and a few new genera have been described. With the exception of the work on Ciborinia (Batra & Korf, 1959; Batra, 1960; Groves & Bowerman, 1955) and on Lambertella (Dumont, 1970), however, little monographic work has appeared. Meaningful descriptions of most of the species presently placed in the family are lacking, and microanatomical details are unknown for the majority of the species. Further, with the addition of new taxa, generic limits have frequently become vague. We have
Biological Observations on Coleomegilla maculata and Its Role as a Predator of the Fall Webworm

Under laboratory conditions, overwintered adults of Coleomegilla maculata De Geer lived an average of 61.9 days (range 4-139) after they were collected from the field when held at a constant temperature of 26.7°C and 14 hours light. The females deposited an average of 49.8 eggs when fed liver. In the laboratory and field both larvae and adults of C. maculata readily fed on egg masses of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Adults fed on the larvae of the fall webworm but the larvae would not. Development of C. maculata was more rapid when fed eggs of the fall webworm, or its own eggs, than when fed liver.
Characterization of Extracellular Matrix in Three-Dimensional Cultures of DU 145 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

Three-dimensional cultures of DU 145 human prostate carcinoma cells grown in the High Aspect Rotating-Wall Vessel (HARV), spinner flask and Transwell insert had dramatically different content of extracellular matrix proteins within cell aggregates. The HARV culture stained more intensely than the Transwell culture by at most a factor of 6 for collagen IV and 3 for laminin. The spinner-flask culture yielded results between these two extremes. Future research will determine if the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the HARV culture inhibits cancer-cell migration and aggressiveness.
Gangrenous Cystitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

AbstractA case of gangrenous cystitis in a 67-year-old woman is reported. Associated etiological factors include invasive recurrent carcinoma of the cervix, radiotherapy and atherosclerosis. Primary infection was not a feature. The patient was treated with antibiotics, bladder drainage and total cystectomy with complete recovery. The etiology and management of this unusual condition are discussed.
The Sequential Steps in Use-of-Force Incidents in the Miami-Dade Police Department

in this chapter , we review the sequence of actions between officers and suspects from the moment the officer arrives on the scene. This interaction process is key to understanding how situations develop between officers and citizens and how force is used with regard to the interdependent actions (and reactions) of the officers and citizens. What the officer sees the suspect doing, how the officer responds, how the suspect responds to the officer's first action, and how the officer then responds to the suspect, all affect the sequence of events and the levels of suspect resistance and officer use of force. The result may be as benign as an officer peacefully questioning a suspect or as menacing as a deadly shoot-out. This chapter, then, is a first attempt to analyze these interactions in this way. Before we present our analysis, we give a brief discussion of several other attempts to look at the sequence of police–citizen interactions. Richard Sykes and Edward Brent (1983) analyzed routine police–citizen contacts by looking at encounters and utterances. Their research focused on the three decisions an officer must make in every encounter: defining the situation, ascertaining who is involved, and determining how the encounter should be handled. They observed 1,622 encounters in 1973, and recorded the sequence and temporal order of statements made by officers and civilians that referred to defining, controlling, resisting, and confirming the situation.
Introduction to Tooth Whitening

Few dental treatments have been more successful and conservative in nature than tooth whitening. Therefore, it is noteworthy to mention the efforts of pioneers in our dental profession who continuously attempted to search for the most effective and safest whitening agent. This quest has extended to determine the best whitening technique to meet our patients’ desires and expectations about the aesthetic outcome. Here, a short history of tooth whitening agents developed and employed based on the type of discoloration is summarized, as is our current knowledge on the relative efficacy and safety of various types of tooth whitening regimens available. The information on proper diagnosis and treatment planning will guide the clinician in establishing a step-by-step protocol for determining the etiology of the discoloration, selecting the best whitening technique, and monitoring tooth color until the desired outcome has been achieved.
Absorption spectroscopy for the quantitative prediction of lanthanide concentrations in the 3LiCl–2CsCl eutectic at 723 K

The absorption spectra of single-component mixtures of erbium(III) chloride, holmium(III) chloride, neodymium(III) chloride, praseodymium(III) chloride, samarium(III) chloride and thulium(III) chloride were obtained in the molten salt eutectic 3LiCl–2CsCl at 723 K and were collected at various concentrations from 0 mM to approximately 200 mM (above which the solutions became saturated). Using these data and Beer's law, the molar absorptivities of the absorption bands for each lanthanide(III) chloride were obtained. More sophisticated analysis of the data was completed by building multivariate regression models based on spectra of single-component samples for each lanthanide metal studied. These models were then applied to the measurement/prediction of lanthanide(III) concentrations in a validation set comprised of complex multi-component mixtures within the molten-salt solution. The models performed well despite the complexity of the solutions/spectra. Overall, this work presents the UV-vis Beer's law characterization of several lanthanides as well as successful application of multivariate analysis to the measurement/prediction of lanthanide concentrations in molten salts. This represents a significant improvement for materials analysis techniques, applicable for nuclear fuel pyroprocessing methods.
Extrathyroidal Extension is Associated with Compromised Survival in Patients with Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Patients with thyroid cancer who have extrathyroidal extension (ETE) are considered to have more advanced tumors. However, data on the impact of ETE on patient outcomes remain limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between ETE and survival in patients with thyroid cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database (1998–2012) was queried for all adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. Patients were divided into three groups: no ETE (T1 and T2 tumors), minimal ETE (T3 tumors <4 cm), and extensive ETE (T4 tumors <4 cm). Patient demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors were evaluated for all patients. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed for each histology to identify factors associated with survival. Results: In total, 241,118 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer met the inclusion criteria; 86.9% had no ETE, 9.1% minimal ETE, and 4.0% extensive ETE. Compared with patients with no ETE, patients with minimal and e...
Limits of Gaussian fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background at 19.2 GHz

The Northern Hemisphere data from the 19.2 GHz full sky survey are analyzed to place limits on the magnitude of Gaussian fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background implied by a variety of correlation functions. Included among the models tested are the monochromatic and Gaussian-shaped families, and those with power-law spectra for n values between -2 and 1. An upper bound is placed on the quadrupole anisotropy of Delta T/T less than 3.2 x 10 exp -5 rms, and an upper bound on scale-invariant (n = 1) fluctuations of a2 less than 4.5 x 10 exp -5 (95 percent confidence level). There is significant contamination of these data from Galactic emission, and improvement of the modeling of the Galaxy could yield a significant reduction of these upper bounds.
IBM Power9 Processor Architecture

The IBM Power9 processor has an enhanced core and chip architecture that provides superior thread performance and higher throughput. The core and chip architectures are optimized for emerging workloads to support the needs of next-generation computing. Multiple variants of silicon target the scale-out and scale-up markets. With a new core microarchitecture design, along with an innovative I/O fabric to support several accelerated computing requirements, the Power9 processor meets the diverse computing needs of the cognitive era and provides a platform for accelerated computing.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Diagnosis, Clinical Implications, and Management Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract With an aging population, clinicians are more frequently encountering patients with atrial fibrillation who are also at risk of intracerebral hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, the result of β-amyloid deposition in cerebral vessels. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is common among elderly patients, and is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral bleeding, especially with the use of anticoagulation. Despite this association, this entity is absent in current risk–benefit analysis models, which may result in underestimation of the chance of bleeding in the subset of patients with this disease. Determining the presence and burden of cerebral amyloid angiopathy is particularly important when planning to start or restart anticoagulation after an intracerebral hemorrhage. Given the lack of randomized trial data to guide management strategies, we discuss a heart–brain team approach that includes clinician–patient shared decision making for the use of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to diminish stroke risk.
Research Methods for Architecture

Renewed interest in integrating research into design is apparent when we look at books published on the topic in recent years. The go-to textbook for more than a decade, Linda Groat and David Wang’...
Association of Sulindac and Erlotinib vs Placebo With Colorectal Neoplasia in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at markedly increased risk for colorectal polyps and cancer. A combination of sulindac and erlotinib led to a 71% reduction in duodenal polyp burden in a phase 2 trial. Objective To evaluate effect of sulindac and erlotinib on colorectal adenoma regression in patients with FAP. Design, Setting, and Participants Prespecified secondary analysis for colorectal adenoma regression was carried out using data from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, enrolling 92 patients with FAP, conducted from July 2010 to June 2014 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Interventions Patients were randomized to sulindac, 150 mg twice daily, and erlotinib, 75 mg daily (n = 46), vs placebo (n = 46) for 6 months. Main Outcomes and Measurements The total number of polyps in the intact colorectum, ileal pouch anal anastomosis, or ileo-rectum were recorded at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcomes were change in total colorectal polyp count and percentage change in colorectal polyps, following 6 months of treatment. Results Eighty-two randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 40 [13] years; 49 [60%] women) had colorectal polyp count data available for this secondary analysis: 22 with intact colon, 44 with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and 16 with ileo-rectal anastomosis; 41 patients received sulindac/erlotinib and 41 placebo. The total colorectal polyp count was significantly different between the placebo and sulindac-erlotinib group at 6 months in patients with net percentage change of 69.4% in those with an intact colorectum compared with placebo (95% CI, 28.8%-109.2%;P = .009). Conclusion and Relevance In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial we showed that combination treatment with sulindac and erlotinib compared with placebo resulted in significantly lower colorectal polyp burden after 6 months of treatment. There was a reduction in polyp burden in both those with an entire colorectum and those with only a rectal pouch or rectum. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01187901
Recognizing the Influence of Disciplinarity on Student Inquiry

Upper-level undergraduate students need to recognize the role that disciplinary cultures play in the creation and dissemination of scholarship. This will empower students to navigate scholarly literature with a deeper understanding of how disciplinarity shapes their inquiry. When asking students to engage with scholarship, teachers often direct them to specific journals, without making the selection process explicit. Information literacy may be situated within disciplinary or communal contexts, often highlighting the need for recognizing authority. However, these descriptions may fall short of explaining the nuanced forces shaping such authority, and how disciplines, sub-disciplines, or multi-disciplines package information. Using Herubel’s definitional model describing characteristics of disciplinary cultures, this paper offers a lens for working with undergraduate students to enable them to understand how it shapes the information they encounter and its potential influence on their own scholarly efforts.
Rough versus smooth topography along oceanic hotspot tracks: Observations and scaling analysis

Some hotspot tracks are topographically smooth and broad (Nazca, Carnegie/Cocos/Galapagos, Walvis, Iceland), while others are rough and discontinuous (Easter/Sala y Gomez, Tristan-Gough, Louisville, St. Helena, Hawaiian-Emperor). Smooth topography occurs when the lithospheric age at emplacement is young, favoring intrusive magmatism, whereas rough topography is due to isolated volcanic edifices constructed on older/thicker lithosphere. The main controls on the balance of intrusive versus extrusive magmatism are expected to be the hotspot swell volume flux Qs, plate hotspot relative speed v, and lithospheric elastic thickness Te, which can be combined as a dimensionless parameter R = (Qs/v)1/2/Te, which represents the ratio of plume heat to the lithospheric heat capacity. Observational constraints show that, except for the Ninetyeast Ridge, R is a good predictor of topographic character: for R 3 they are smooth and dominated by intrusion.
Spectroscopic Techniques for Continuous Monitoring of Emulsion Polymerization Reactions

Emulsion polymerization is a process of considerable industrial importance for which the development of adequate systems for real time monitoring continues to be an active area of research. Ultraviolet-visible, (UV-Vis), multi- wavelength transmission and reflectance spectroscopy are two suitable configurations for monitoring emulsion polymerization reactors. This paper presents the summary of a set of experimental results obtained applying these spectroscopic techniques to the analysis of polymer lattices and monomer colloidal dispersions. Continuously sampled multi-wavelength transmission measurements have been achieved using a patented parallel sampling and dilution system coupled with a miniaturized spectrometer and interpreted in terms of the particle size distribution and the chemical composition on the basis of Mie theory. in-line monitoring is achieved with reflection spectroscopy measurements. To assess the sensitivity of the latter, several reflectance configurations with commercially available probes have been tested. The analysis capabilities are demonstrated through the characterization polystyrene latex standards of known particle size distribution. On-line measurement techniques are demonstrated with the continuous monitoring of batch, and seeded emulsion polymerization reactions.
The Effects of Magnetizer Velocity on Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals

In many magnetic flux leakage applications, the nondestructive inspection constraints suggest the use of high inspection velocities. However, high inspection velocities can compromise the ability to detect and characterize defects. In general, velocity effects can be detected at speeds exceeding a few miles per hour [1]. These effects need to be quantified in order to have a complete understanding of the capability of the inspection system. This paper presents the application and results of axis- symmetric finite element modeling for the examination of the effects of the magnetizer speed on flux leakage signals. The specific problem addressed is large diameter pipeline steels, and a velocity range of from 0 to 15 miles per hour. The modeling examines the interaction of the magnetizer, pipe material and metal loss defects. Experimental confirmation of selected results is also provided.
Wigner Distribution by Adiabatic Switching in Normal Mode or Cartesian Coordinates and Molecular Applications.

We recently presented a simple, classical trajectory-based method for generating the Wigner phase space density using classical trajectories evolving under an adiabatically switched potential. The ...
Social vulnerability to large wildfires in the western USA

Abstract Federal land managers in the US can be informed with quantitative assessments of the social conditions of the populations affected by wildfires originating on their administered lands in order to incorporate and adapt their management strategy to achieve a more targeted prioritization of community wildfire protection investments. In addition, these assessments are valuable to socially vulnerable communities for quantifying their exposure to wildfires originating on adjacent land tenures. We assessed fire transmission patterns using fire behavior simulations to understand spatial variations across three diverse study areas (North-central Washington; Central California; and Northern New Mexico) to understand how different land tenures affect highly socially vulnerable populated places. Transboundary wildfire structure exposure was related to populations with limited adaptive capacity to absorb, recover and modify exposure to wildfires, estimated with the Social Vulnerability Index using US Census unit data (block groups). We found geographic heterogeneity in terms of land tenure composition and estimated fire exposure. Although high social vulnerability block groups covered small areas, they had high population and structure density and were disproportionately exposed per area burned by fire. Structure exposure originated primarily from three key land tenures (wildland-urban interface, private lands and national forests). Federal lands proportionately exposed, on an area basis, populated places with high social vulnerability, with fires ignited on Forest Service administered lands mostly affecting north-central Washington and northern New Mexico communities.
A multigene assay determines risk of recurrence in patients with triple-negative breast cancer

Approximately 40% of patients with stage I–III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) recur after standard treatment, whereas the remaining 60% experience long-term disease-free survival (DFS). There are currently no clinical tests to assess the risk of recurrence in TNBC patients. We previously determined that TNBC patients with MHC class II (MHCII) pathway expression in their tumors experienced significantly longer DFS. To translate this discovery into a clinical test, we developed an MHCII Immune Activation assay, which measures expression of 36 genes using NanoString technology. Preanalytical testing confirmed that the assay is accurate and reproducible in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens. The assay measurements were concordant with RNA-seq, MHCII protein expression, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts. In a training set of 44 primary TNBC tumors, the MHCII Immune Activation Score was significantly associated with longer DFS (HR = 0.17; P = 0.015). In an independent validation cohort of 56 primary FFPE TNBC tumors, the Immune Activation Score was significantly associated with longer DFS (HR = 0.19; P = 0.011) independent of clinical stage. An Immune Activation Score threshold for identifying patients with very low risk of relapse in the training set provided 100% specificity in the validation cohort. The assay format enables adoption as a standardized clinical prognostic test for identifying TNBC patients with a low risk of recurrence. Correlative data support future studies to determine if the assay can identify patients in whom chemotherapy can be safely deescalated and patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. Significance: The MHCII Immune Activation assay identifies TNBC patients with a low risk of recurrence, addressing a critical need for prognostic biomarker tests that enable precision medicine for TNBC patients.
Zur Entstehung der Naturlyrik: Licht in Goethes „Mayfest“

Goethes „Mayfest“ gilt als Ursprung und Paradigma fur die im 18. Jahrhundert entstehende Naturlyrik und Erlebnislyrik, verstanden als emotionaler Ausdruck eines zumeist mannlichen Individuums im An...
Divining progression in Parkinson disease with a blood test: NfL.

In their article in this issue of Neurology ®, Lin and colleagues1 provide compelling evidence for the utility of a neurofilament light chain (NfL) blood test in predicting progression in Parkinson disease (PD) and in distinguishing PD from multisystem atrophy (MSA). If confirmed by independent studies, this would be a major advance for clinical and basic research. Such a test also may have complex consequences for clinical care.
Thinking Culture and Cultural Studies—from/of the Global South

This essay invites us to consider the need to rethink culture and some theoretical/intellectual assumptions in Cultural Studies when we bring up the issue of the “Global South.” The essay makes a c...
Explaining variability in tourist preferences: A Bayesian model well suited to small samples

Abstract Discrete choice experiments are becoming more popular in the tourism and travel literature. While Bayesian methods to analyze discrete choice experiment data have been used in other disciplines, they have not been used in the tourism literature. In this article, we develop a Bayesian Mixed Logit Model in which we use a little known prior distribution developed by Lewandowski, Kurowicka, and Joe (LKJ) and half Cauchy distributions as an alternative to the more traditionally used inverse Wishart distribution as a prior scheme for the covariance matrix of random parameters in mixed logit estimation. Using multiple simulated data sets, we show that use of the LKJ prior scheme improves the estimation of coefficients, especially for small data sets. Finally, we test the model with an actual small discrete choice data set examining tourist preferences for reducing glacier recession, and discuss the implications of the model for research and policy.
L5.5 The Information Based Transformation to Value Based, Personalized Healthcare

Abstract Global healthcare systems are facing fundamental challenges as well as opportunities as a result of a combination of macro-economic, technological, demographic and scientific forces. These include but are not limited to reimbursement reform, rapid advances in science, the explosion of molecular data, and financial pressures to operate more efficiently. It's widely recognized that healthcare IT (HIT) will play a critical role in addressing these challenges - whether that is viewed through the lens of new value based reimbursement schemes or molecularly driven personalized medicine. However, much of the focus on HIT has centered on the core clinical transactional systems and basic interoperability. This new paradigm will require new information management and analytical systems to successfully leverage the diversity of electronic information available to improve quality of care, understand what value means in healthcare and accelerate the translation of research discoveries into practice by providing physicians, researchers, administrators and consumers with actionable data at the right time and place. The need for these new data management systems is particularly imperative in cancer today, where new molecular profiling technologies are first being adopted in clinical practice. The bottleneck is no longer the generation of molecular data but the analysis of that data in a broader clinical context. As a result, successful research and clinical enterprises of the future will be differentiated not by the mere existence of core clinical systems, but by their ability to manage, integrate, analyze and leverage clinical, financial, genomic and other biomedical information from across their enterprise and external to their enterprise. This presentation will focus on the new HIT platforms that will be required to provide a scalable, secure platform for personalized cancer medicine that accelerates biomarker discovery, validation and ultimately decision making at the point of care. This session will also discuss the challenges associated with integrating cross platform ‘omics’ data in a manner that scales to thousands of whole genome sequences whilst integrating with longitudinal clinical data from EMRs, case reports, registries and other “real world” data sources to provide an integrated view across genotype and phenotype. Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . New health information platforms need to support primary and secondary uses of data. Download : Download full-size image Figure 2 . Integrated view analytics provide insights that combine clinical, administrative and ‘omics’ data.
Direct inkjet printing of mullite nano-ribbons from the sol–gel precursor

Bio-inspired ceramics, that can overcome the brittleness of ceramics, require building blocks with thickness of a few hundred nanometers. It is extremely challenging to precisely fabricate the building blocks for the bio-inspired ceramics. In this paper, we demonstrate the processing of dense mullite nano-ribbons, using the sol–gel inkjet printing method with post-heat treatment. These nano-ribbons had precisely controllable dimensions of sub-micrometer thickness and width of a few hundred of micrometers. A novel single-phase ink from the water-based mullite sol–gel precursor was developed that ensured inkjet printability and low-temperature formation of pure mullite phase. One of the greatest challenges was how to achieve uniform track from such inks, because the sol–gel inks had non-zero receding contact angles with the substrate. According to previous theoretical studies, the ink track would eventually become discrete beads. However, we found that solvent-evaporation-induced gelation played an important role in the stability of the printed lines. Taking advantage of the solvent evaporation and sol–gel transition upon substrate heating, we were able to print stable and continuous gel lines. After firing these printed lines at 1000 °C, the pure mullite phase without any undesirable intermediate phases was achieved. The printed lines and dots retained their shapes during firing. It is shown that the crack-free mullite nano-ribbons of the thickness ranging between ~90 and ~200 nm can be printed directly on substrates.
Beyond the Tipping Point: The Role of Status in Organizations’ Public Narratives to Mobilize Support for Change:

What status mechanisms underlie actors’ public narratives to mobilize change? This study examines the public narratives of a set of United States restaurant actors (2005–2016) that tried to elimina...
Integrative single-cell analysis of allele-specific copy number alterations and chromatin accessibility in cancer

Cancer progression is driven by both somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) and chromatin remodeling, yet little is known about the interplay between these two classes of events in shaping the clonal diversity of cancers. We present Alleloscope, a method for allele-specific copy number estimation that can be applied to single-cell DNA- and/or transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing (scDNA-seq, ATAC-seq) data, enabling combined analysis of allele-specific copy number and chromatin accessibility. On scDNA-seq data from gastric, colorectal and breast cancer samples, with validation using matched linked-read sequencing, Alleloscope finds pervasive occurrence of highly complex, multiallelic CNAs, in which cells that carry varying allelic configurations adding to the same total copy number coevolve within a tumor. On scATAC-seq from two basal cell carcinoma samples and a gastric cancer cell line, Alleloscope detected multiallelic copy number events and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity, enabling dissection of the contributions of chromosomal instability and chromatin remodeling to tumor evolution. Alleloscope reveals how tumor evolution depends on allele-specific copy number changes and chromatin remodeling.
Fabrication and maturation of integrated biphasic anatomic mesenchymal stromal cell-laden composite scaffolds for osteochondral repair and joint resurfacing.

Articular cartilage injury can lead to joint-wide erosion and the early onset of osteoarthritis. To address this, we recently developed a rapid fabrication method to produce patient-specific engineered cartilage tissues to replace an entire articular surface. Here, we extended that work by coupling a mesenchymal stromal cell-laden hydrogel (methacrylated hyaluronic acid) with the porous polycaprolactone (PCL) bone integrating phase and assessed the composition and mechanical performance of these constructs over time. To improve initial construct stability, PCL/hydrogel interface parameters were first optimized by varying PCL pretreatment (with sodium hydroxide before ethanol) before hydrogel infusion. Next, cylindrical osteochondral constructs were formed and cultured in media containing transforming growth factor β3 for up to 8 weeks, with constructs evaluated for viability, histological features, and biochemical content. Mechanical properties were also assessed in axial compression and via an interface shear strength assay. Results showed that the fabrication process was compatible with cell viability, and that construct biochemical content and mechanical properties increased with time. Interestingly, compressive properties peaked at 5 weeks, while interfacial shear properties continued to improve beyond this time point. Finally, these fabrication methods were combined with a custom mold developed from limb-specific computed tomography imaging data to create an anatomic implantable cell-seeded biologic joint surface, which showedmaturation similar to the osteochondral cylinders. Future work will apply these advances in large animal models of critically sized osteochondral defects to study repair and whole joint resurfacing.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXV: Introduction to Teamwork in High Reliability Organizations.

ABSTRACT A high-reliability organization must have high-performing teams. Core teams in healthcare should include the patient and, where possible, the patient's family. Everyone on the team should understand what is expected of them in terms of expertise, leadership, communication, mutual support, and awareness of the situation. One test of the excellence of a clinical team is having high-quality handoffs of patients.
Probabilistic Elastic Part Model for Real-World Face Recognition

The ever popularity of online social media, and the ubiquity of video cameras, provide an unique source of information that is otherwise not available for military, security, and forensics applications. As a result, robust recognition of the faces presented in these unconstrained images and videos became an emerging need. For example, both the Vancouver (Canada) Riots 2011, and the tragedy Boston Bombing 2013, called for robust facial recognition technologies to identify the suspects from low quality images and videos from unconstrained sources.
Cysts and Neoplasms

Primary or true cystic lesions of the pancreas are unusual. Howard and Jordan1 have classified pancreatic cysts into two types: true cysts, which have a thin-walled epithelial lining; and false or pseudocysts, secondary to inflammation or trauma, which have a thick-walled, fibrous lining. Among the true cysts are congenital, retention (acquired), and neoplastic cysts (cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas).
Ambiguous-Father Families

Even though the traditional law in principle often treated biological paternity as determinative of legal paternity, in practice it did not, because biological paternity was not usually possible to determine. Regardless of the formal legal rule, the paternity presumptions established by social relations therefore usually prevailed where the social relations existed. The rule presuming that a married woman's husband was the father of her child was the most important, although not exclusive, example. In the absence of legal presumptions based upon social relations, paternity was not usually possible to establish. In the last two decades, however, scientific advances have allowed the unambiguous establishment of biological paternity in essentially all cases. The result is that the traditional focus on biological paternity can now yield new results. First, because it is now possible to learn that a child's firmly established social father is not, in fact, the child's biological father, legal paternity can be reassigned years after a child's birth. Second, biological paternity, and thus legal paternity, can be established, even years after conception and birth, for children who have had no social father. Because scientific advances make such results, once rare, now potentially common, they require the law to confront a question that it has in practice often ignored: whether legal paternity should necessarily be equated with biological paternity in such cases, here referred to as cases of ambiguous fatherhood. For marital families the question is of significant practical consequence, given the conventional estimates of professionals that approximately ten percent of children born to married mothers are not the biological children of their husband. The question also becomes important for the children born to unmarried mothers as government becomes increasingly persistent about collecting child support from the men identified as their fathers, who often have no social relationship with their biological child. This paper suggests that the formal law should be changed, where necessary, to preserve at least a portion of the pre-scientific practice, and thus the traditional alignment between social and legal paternity. It also suggests that our willingness to impose child support obligations upon biological fathers who are not social fathers is based upon policies which, when correctly understood, do not necessarily apply to all biological fathers.
Functional hemitongue reconstruction using innervated supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flaps with the cervical plexus and reinnervated supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flaps with neurorrhaphy of the cervical plexus and lingual nerve.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate tongue function in patients with tongue cancer after reconstruction with innervated supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flaps (iSFIFs) with the cervical plexus (iSFIFs-SPN) or reinnervated SFIFs with neurorrhaphy of the cervical plexus and lingual nerve (rSFIFs-SPN-LN). Methods Forty-two tongue defects were reconstructed using iSFIFs-SPN and rSFIFs-SPN-LN. Two-point discrimination tests revealed a significant difference on the dorsal and ventral hemitongue reconstructed using rSFIFs-SPN-LN from control values. Results No statistical difference in swallowing, speech, or esthetic outcome was found in the iSFIFs-SPN or the rSFIFs-SPN-LN. A significant difference was noted in the dorsal aspect and ventral surface of hemitongues reconstructed with rSFIFs-SPN-LN from control values and between 6 and 12 months. Conclusion Sensation after hemitongue reconstruction with the iSFIF-SPN and the neurorrhaphy of the cervical plexus nerve was sutured to the lingual nerve, sensation after hemitongue reconstruction with the rSFIF-SPN-LN approached normal 6 to12 months postoperatively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 66–70, 2014
Asexual Haploid Populations

The study of haploid populations in this chapter will enable us to formulate and analyze without the additional complication of mating and Mendelian segregation and recombination many of the problems that concern us. If alleles are interpreted as genotypes and mutation rates refer to zygotes rather than alleles, the formalism applies, regardless of ploidy, also to asexual species, such as the dandelion. As explained in Chap. 3, it applies also to a Y-linked locus in sexually reproducing diploids. We shall expound the basic selection model with discrete nonoverlapping generations in Sect. 2.1, include mutation and migration in Sects. 2.2 and 2.3, and treat overlapping generations in continuous time in Sect. 2.4. We shall discuss random drift briefly in Sect. 2.5.