cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Men and Women Demonstrate Differences in Early Functional Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Objective To investigate whether sex affects the trajectory of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Design Retrospective analysis from a historical database containing data from 3 prospective clinical trials and a pilot study. Setting Clinical laboratory setting. Participants Recruitment across studies was restricted to patients who underwent an elective unilateral TKA for the treatment of osteoarthritis and were between 50 and 85 years of age (N=301). Interventions Across all 4 studies, patients received a TKA and physical therapy intervention. Measures of physical function and strength were assessed before TKA and 1, 3, and 6 months after TKA. Main Outcome Measures Using a repeated-measures maximum likelihood model, statistical inference was made to estimate the changes in outcomes from before surgery to 1, 3, and 6 months after TKA that were stratified by sex. Muscle strength was assessed during maximal isometric quadriceps and hamstrings contractions. Muscle activation was assessed in the quadriceps muscle. Physical function outcomes included timed Up and Go (TUG) test, stair climbing test, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Results Women demonstrated less decline in quadriceps strength than did men at 1, 3, and 6 months after TKA ( P P P =.001), stair climbing test ( P =.004), and 6MWT ( P =.001) 1 month after TKA. Sex differences in physical function did not persist at 3 and 6 months after TKA. Conclusions Sex affected early recovery of muscle and physical function in the first month after TKA. Women demonstrated better preservation of quadriceps strength but a greater decline on measures of physical function than did men.
Indomethacin blockade of albuterol-induced erythropoietin production in isolated perfused dog kidneys.

SummaryAlbuterol, a specific β-2 adre-nergic agonist, was found to produce a significant increase in perfusate levels of Ep in isolated perfused dog kidneys which were programmed by prior exposure to hypoxia (0.42 atm) for 2 hr. Albuterol enhanced Ep titers in perfusates in both normoxemic and hypoxemic perfused kidneys which were significantly higher than that of the Ep level seen in saline controls during a 5-hr perfusion period. The effect of albuterol on Ep production in isolated perfused kidneys was abolished by pretreatment of the dogs with the prostaglandins synthetase inhibitor indo-methacin. The inhibition of albuterol-in-duced Ep elaboration by indomethacin supports our hypothesis that prostaglandins may play a significant role in mediating β-2 ad-renergic activation of kidney Ep production.The expert technical assistance of Mr. Eugene Maulet is gratefully acknowledged.
Reviews of Undergraduate Departments: An External Reviewer's Perspective

Do you look forward to a trip to your dentist? Or a complete physical? If so, you probably don't need to read this. However, If you're the sort who dreads (and usually forgets) their next check-up, read on... Although it's typically a nondecision, your department may have to decide whether it will undertake an external review. Usually, the issue comes up when you and your colleagues are least inclined to pursue It: at the beginning of the semester, when you're just gearing up; during the middle of the semester, when you're facing the crunch of midterms; at the end of the semester, when you're trying hard to get everything done; at the beginning of the next semester, etc: On any of these occasions, you naturally wonder why you need any kind of review and probably find it quite tempting to put it off for another year (at least). External reviews, I suspect, are easy to avoid or postpone. Although I lack comprehensive data on this point, I suspect that most colleges and universities have not routinized the review process by, for example, requiring every department to be reviewed every several years. Moreover, even when there are Institutional
Self-Concept of Ability and College Students' Academic Achievement:

To determine the relationship between college students' academic self-concept and academic achievement, Brookover's Self-concept of Ability Scale was administered to 100 undergraduate students in psychology. High moderate correlations were obtained between academic self-concept and over-all grade-point average (.58), but the correlation between academic self-concept and a final examination, although significant, was relatively low (.26).
The Meta-Analysis of Immunological Effects of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine Following Different Immunization Schedules

Objective To evaluate the immunological effects of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine( PPCV) following different immunization schedules. Methods Relevant studies of immunological effects of PPCV were searched from the following databases: "National Center for Biotechnology Information","Cochrane Library","China Biology Medicine disc","China National Knowledge Infrastructure"and "Wanfang Database"etc. The Rate Difference( RD) of the antibody positive rate( APR) was calculated according to the antibody level( with seropositivity defined as an antibody concentration ≥0. 35 μg) following the last dose of PPCV following different immunization schedules. Results A total of6 randomized controlled trials( RCT) were included. Combined RD of APR between a 2 primary dose schedule and a 3 primary doses schedule was-0. 08 [95% confidence interval( CI) :-0. 10 ~-0. 05].Combined RD of APR between a 2 primary doses + 1 booster dose( 2p + 1) schedule and a 3 primary doses + 1 booster dose( 3p + 1) schedule was-0. 02( 95% CI:-0. 03 ~-0. 01). Conclusions The immunological effect of a 3p schedule was better than a 2p schedule. There was no statistically significant difference in the immunological effects between 2p + 1 and 3p + 1 schedules.
Characterizing geographic variation in well-being using tweets

The language used in tweets from 1,300 different US counties was found to be predictive of the subjective well-being of people living in those counties as measured by representative surveys. Topics, sets of co-occurring words derived from the tweets using LDA, improved accuracy in predicting life satisfaction over and above standard demographic and socio-economic controls (age, gender, ethnicity, income, and education). The LDA topics provide a greater behavioural and conceptual resolution into life satisfaction than the broad socio-economic and demographic variables. For example, tied in with the psychological literature, words relating to outdoor activities, spiritual meaning, exercise, and good jobs correlate with increased life satisfaction, while words signifying disengagement like ’bored’ and ’tired’ show a negative association.
Operation and performance of the CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger upgrade

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has begun the physics program for Run 2. The center-of-mass energy has risen from 8 to 13 TeV and the instantaneous luminosity will increase for both proton and heavy-ion running. This will make it more challenging to trigger on interesting events since the number of interactions per crossing (pile-up) and the overall trigger rate will be significantly larger than LHC Run 1. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment has installed a two-stage upgrade to their Calorimeter Trigger to ensure that the trigger rates can be controlled and the thresholds can stay low, so that physics data collection will not be compromised. The first-stage upgrade is installed and includes new electronics and duplicated optical links so that the LHC Run 1 CMS calorimeter trigger is still functional and algorithms can be developed while data taking continues. The second-stage will fully replace the calorimeter trigger at CMS with AMC form-factor boards and an optical link system, and require that the updates to the calorimeter back-ends, the source of the trigger primitives, are also installed and operational. The stage-2 system's boards will utilize Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGAs and have hundreds of high-speed links operating at up to 10 Gbps to maximize data throughput. The integration, commissioning, operation, and performance of stage-1 for 2015 data taking and stage-2 for triggering in 2016 will be described.
Premixed jet flame behavior in a hot vitiated crossflow of lean combustion products

Abstract Improvement in NO x emissions from gas turbine combustors requires development of safe and reliable lean-premixed combustion systems. In this paper, the flame stabilization behavior of a premixed ethylene–air jet injected normal to a hot vitiated crossflow (JICF) of lean combustion products was studied experimentally. The equivalence ratio of the premixed jet was varied from lean to rich conditions. Measurements of the flame were conducted using high-speed chemiluminescence imaging and simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV), hydroxyl (OH) and formaldehyde (CH 2 O) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). From the PLIF measurements, pixel-by-pixel multiplication of OH and CH 2 O fluorescence signals was conducted to estimate the heat release zone of the JICF flame front. The unsteady windward flame exhibited both attached and lifted flame behavior, while the leeward flame branch remained consistently attached to the jet exit. When the windward flame was lifted, chemiluminescence imaging showed that both flame propagation and auto-ignition kernel formation contributed to flame anchoring. From the PLIF imaging, formaldehyde signal was observed upstream of the lifted windward flame base, suggesting pre-ignition behavior due to mixing between the jet reactants and the hot crossflow. The windward flame base was always in the jet shear layer and the trailing flame remained in the shear layer under lean conditions but traversed the shear layer into the bulk jet flow for stoichiometric and rich conditions. Alignment between 2D dilatation and heat release was seen to vary depending on the location of the flame relative to the shear layer. Two-dimensional dilatation and heat release location aligned best when the flame resided away from the shear layer, where jet and crossflow mixing and out-of-plane motion are minimal.
Forecasting Airport Building Electricity Demand on the Basis of Flight Schedule Information for Demand Response Applications

Airports are poised to take advantage of demand response (DR) opportunities because of their large energy footprint and continuous operations. To develop an energy baseline model (i.e., the estimate of the expected load without curtailment), airports need special attention because of their continually changing operations and occupant levels, which result from varying flight schedules. However, an accurate baseline is also important for determining fair incentives and assessing DR strategies. This study, therefore, aimed to develop airport-specific energy baseline models by incorporating flight departure and arrival information. Therefore, the paper first analyzes relationships between airport power demand and potential predictors, such as time of day, time of week, outside temperature, and number of passengers on departing and arriving flights at a case study airport. Second, it develops piecewise linear regression models with combinations of variables and compares the models’ prediction performance. The ...
Lingual tactile sensitivity: effect of age group, sex, and fungiform papillae density

Despite its contribution to food perception, lingual tactile sensitivity has been understudied. We hypothesized that sensitivity to threshold and suprathreshold tactile stimuli varies in the population and sought to determine proximate sources of variability. Forty-eight adults were tested for lingual threshold sensitivity via a modified letter identification task and suprathreshold sensitivity via estimation of stimulus size using magnitude estimation. In addition, taste bud density on the anterior tip of each panelist’s tongue was estimated by counting the number of fungiform papillae in a 0.317 cm2 circumscribed area. Lingual tactile thresholds were significantly impacted by age group as subjects 40 years or older had higher thresholds than those in their 20s. Moreover, threshold sensitivity increased with increasing fungiform papillae count. Suprathreshold estimates of size were not affected by age group, sex, or fungiform papillae count.
Medical decision-making capacity and its cognitive predictors in progressive MS: Preliminary evidence.

Abstract Background Medical decision-making capacity (MDC) refers to the ability to make informed decisions about treatment and declines in cognition are associated with declines in MDC across multiple disease entities. However, although it is well known that cognitive impairment is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about MDC in the disease. Methods Data from 22 persons with progressive MS and 18 healthy controls were analyzed. All diagnoses were made by a board-certified neurologist with experience in MS. All study participants were administered a vignette-based measure of MDC and also a neuropsychological battery. Results Performance on three MDC consent standards (i.e., Appreciation, Reasoning, Understanding) was significantly lower for people with progressive MS as compared to healthy controls. In the progressive MS group, verbal fluency was the primary cognitive predictor for both Reasoning and Understanding consent standards. Verbal learning and memory was the primary cognitive predictor for Appreciation. MS severity was not significantly correlated with any MDC variable. Conclusion MDC is a complex and cognitively mediated functional ability that is impaired in many people with progressive MS. Verbal measures of fluency and memory are strongly associated with MDC performances in the current sample of people with MS and could potentially be utilized to quickly screen for MDC impairment in MS.
A portable platform to collect and review behavioral data simultaneously with neurophysiological signals

This paper presents a portable platform to collect and review behavioral data simultaneously with neurophysiological signals. The whole system is comprised of four parts: a sensor data acquisition interface, a socket server for real-time data streaming, a Simulink system for real-time processing and an offline data review and analysis toolbox. A low-cost microcontroller is used to acquire data from external sensors such as accelerometer and hand dynamometer. The micro-controller transfers the data either directly through USB or wirelessly through a bluetooth module to a data server written in C++ for MS Windows OS. The data server also interfaces with the digital glove and captures HD video from webcam. The acquired sensor data are streamed under User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to other applications such as Simulink/Matlab for real-time analysis and recording. Neurophysiological signals such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) and local field potential (LFP) recordings can be collected simultaneously in Simulink and fused with behavioral data. In addition, we developed a customized Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) software to review, annotate and analyze the data offline. The software provides a fast, user-friendly data visualization environment with synchronized video playback feature. The software is also capable of reviewing long-term neural recordings. Other featured functions such as fast preprocessing with multithreaded filters, annotation, montage selection, power-spectral density (PSD) estimate, time-frequency map and spatial spectral map are also implemented.
A hybrid voltage-mode hysteretic boost converter with high efficiency across a wide load range

A hybrid voltage-mode hysteretic boost converter is introduced in this work. The implemented control topology is practically self-stabilized due to the introduction of a current-limiting loop. A full range inductor current sensor and a hysteretic comparator are used to realize the current-limiting loop. A zero current detector is also implemented to enable a seamless transition from continuous to discontinuous conduction mode. The hybrid voltage-mode hysteretic boost converter is designed in a 0.5-μm CMOS process for an input voltage range of 3.2–4.2 V. The converter regulates to an output voltage of 5 V while driving a load range of 20–200 mA. A minimum efficiency of 93% is achieved across the full operating input voltage and load current ranges.
Genes Specifying Floral Meristem Identity in Arabidopsis

Genetic studies indicate that the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1 is one of several genes involved in the generation of floral meristems, the first step in flower development. Molecular analyses indicate that APETALA1 RNA is expressed in young floral primordia and in sepals and petals, and that APETALA1 encodes a transcription factor with a MADS-domain. These molecular studies, together with the apetalal mutant phenotype, suggest that APETALA1 acts locally to specify the identity of the floral meristem, and to determine sepal and petal development. Further studies demonstrate that the organ identity gene AGAMOUS negatively regulates APETALA1 RNA accumulation in the two inner whorls of wild-type flowers. Here we discuss the molecular characterization of the APETALA1 gene and its possible interactions with other genes involved in the specification of floral meristem identity in Arabidopsis.
Department of Research on K-12 Statistics Education

(2013). Department of Research on K-12 Statistics Education. Journal of Statistics Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. null.
Output variability across animals and levels in a motor system.

Many of our everyday behaviors are rhythmic actions, such as walking, breathing and chewing. Networks of neurons called Central Pattern Generators, or CPGs, are in charge of rhythmic behaviors. CPGs send instructions to cells called motor neurons, which in turn tell muscles to contract in a particular sequence to produce rhythmic behaviors. Rhythmic behaviors follow stereotyped patterns: we recognize walking when we see it. But they also vary between individuals: we can recognize the specific gait or ‘walk’ of a friend. Wenning et al. set out to discover where this variability in rhythmic behaviors comes from, using the leech heartbeat system as a model. Leeches have two hearts, or more precisely two heart tubes that run along the entire length of the body, one on either side. The two heart tubes beat with different patterns, but under the direction of the CPGs and motor neurons, they swap patterns with each other every few minutes. The CPG neurons that generate these rhythms, the motor neurons that respond, and the heart muscles themselves, i.e. each level of the system, can all be tracked in leeches. Wenning et al. showed that within each leech, the activity of the CPG neurons, motor neurons and muscles associated with a heart tube varies little. Even when the activity of one of these levels varies less than another, for example between CPG and motor neurons, it is not necessarily reflected in the next level of the system. In some cases, however, variability is seen between opposite sides. Moreover, the rhythmic activity of CPG neurons, motor neurons, and muscle cells in one leech differs greatly from that of another. This likely reflects differences in the genes and life history of the animals. Wenning et al. provide a roadmap for others to use in identifying sources of variability in rhythmic movements. Applying this approach to existing data sets could help tease apart variability in diverse rhythmic behaviors in a variety of animals.
Impact of stochastically generated heterogeneity in hazard rates on individually randomized vaccine efficacy trials.

Background/aimsNetwork structure and individuals’ level of exposure to a pathogen can impact results from efficacy evaluation studies of interventions against infectious diseases. Heterogeneity in ...
Syntactic Analysis: An HPSG-based Approach

In syntactic analysis, as in linguistics generally, the skills required to first identify, and then make sense of, complex patterns in linguistic data involve a certain specific kind of reasoning, where various alternatives are entertained and modified in light of progressively broader empirical coverage. Rather than focus on transmitting the details of complex theoretical superstructures, this textbook takes a practical, analytical approach, starting from a small set of powerful analytic tools, applied first to simple phenomena and then to the passive, complement and raising/control constructions. The analytic tools are then applied to unbounded dependencies, via detailed argumentation. What emerges is that syntactic structure, and intricate networks of dependencies linking different parts of those structures, are straightforward projections of lexical valence, in tandem with very general rules regulating the sharing of feature values. Featuring integrated exercises and problems throughout each chapter, this book equips students with the analytical tools for recognizing and assessing linguistic patterns.
Rayleigh Wave Propagation

It is now a century since LORD RAYLEIGH published his theoretical proof of the existence of elastic waves propagating along the plane surface of an elastic solid [1]. In reading this paper one is struck by the fact that, except for minor changes in notation, the formulation established by Rayleigh is still followed today in the theory of elastic guided wave propagation. To illustrate this point vividly, the following summary of Rayleigh’s derivation paraphrases his approach with only a few notational substitutions: u l and u 8 for the dilatational (longitudinal) wave and distortional (shear) wave displacements; ω for the frequency; $$\begin{gathered} \omega /{V_\ell },{\alpha _\ell },\beta \hfill \\ \left( {\omega /{V_{8,}}{\alpha _8},\beta } \right) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ for the longitudinal (shear) wavenumber magnitudes and components, perpendicular and parallel to the surface.
Population level outcomes and costs of single stage colon and liver resection versus conventional two-stage approach for the resection of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background The objective of the current study was to compare outcomes among patients combined colon (CR) and liver resection (LR) for the treatment of simultaneous colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) versus patients undergoing two-stage CR and LR. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for CRLM between 2004 and 2014 were identified using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Propensity-score matching was used to compare patients undergoing CR + LR with patients undergoing two-stage CR and LR. Results Among 83,410 patients, CR + LR was performed in 5659 (6.7%), stage C + LR was performed in 5659 (6.7%), while isolated CR and LR was performed in 70,177 (84.0%) and 7574 (9.3%) patients, respectively. The number of patients undergoing CR + LR increased from 423 in 2004 to 580 in 2014 (Δ = +37%). Patients undergoing CR + LR had lower postoperative morbidity (CR + LR vs. two-staged CR and LR: 38.5% vs. 61.2%), shorter LOS (median LOS: 8 days [IQR: 7–12] vs. 14 days [IQR: 10–21]), and lower postoperative mortality (3.1% vs. 5.9%) versus patients undergoing two-stage CR and LR. Compared with patients undergoing two-staged CR and LR, median hospital costs were $13,093 lower for patients undergoing CR + LR (median costs: $36,775 [IQR: 26,416–54,245] vs. $23,682 [IQR: 16,299–32,996]). Conclusion CR + LR was increasingly performed for treatment of CRLM. Compared with two-staged CR and LR, CR + LR was associated with improved outcomes and lower costs.
Comprehensive review of carbonated water injection for enhanced oil recovery

Abstract Carbonated water injection (CWI) is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique in which the dissolved CO2 can transfer to the oil phase to improve the oil mobility and to cause oil swelling, both enhancing the sweep efficiency. In addition to serving as an EOR method, CWI promotes a high storage capacity for geological CO2 storage. A number of laboratory tests and field applications have confirmed the effectiveness of CWI. This paper provides a comprehensive review of CWI to cover its important aspects/features such as displacement mechanisms and recovery performance at various conditions/properties. In this paper, carbonated water injection process and the properties of CO2-brine-oil systems are described. The influences of petrophysical properties, fluid properties, and operational parameters on the performance of CWI are also thoroughly addressed. The pore-scale investigations conducted by several researchers are reported in this review. The theoretical and practical challenges associated with the implementation of CWI are also discussed to unveil the fundamental mechanisms of transport phenomena in CWI. Some of the key points that are deduced from the previous theoretical and engineering works include: the exsolution of CO2 from carbonated water during pressure drop can provide additional energy for an extra oil recovery; detailed mathematical models capable of capturing the effects of dissolution, gravity, capillary pressure, and relative permeability hysteresis in 2-D and 3-D spatial orientation on the CWI performance have not been systematically developed yet; disparities between model results and experimental results are attributed to the instantaneous equilibrium assumptions in the model development; and the occurrence of asphaltene precipitation during CWI operations has not been highlighted in a majority of research works, while it is expected to happen during the CO2 exsolution due to the pressure decline.
Compounding of Bupivacaine and Mepivacaine for Regional Anesthesia A Safe Practice

The authors describe the simultaneous use of mepivacaine and bupivacaine for a brachial plexus block and the preliminary examination of protein binding in mixtures of these two local anesthetics.
A Good Call?: Contextual Factors Influencing Mandated Reporting in Domestic Violence Programs

Domestic violence shelter advocates closely guard the confidentiality of survivors in their shelter programs, yet they are simultaneously mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect. The mandate to report child abuse and neglect may include a child’s exposure to domestic violence, which may be disclosed when assessing danger for program entry. The purpose of this study is to understand what decision making factors influence domestic violence shelter advocates’ decision to override survivor’s confidentiality and report child abuse and neglect. A survey of 142 domestic violence shelter advocates found that advocates that holistically consider the impact of reporting are less inclined to report child abuse and neglect. At the same time, advocates who perceive that their agency has a better relationship with child protective services are more inclined to report child abuse and neglect. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to research, policy and practice.
Fluorescence lifetime-based tumor contrast enhancement using targeted near infrared probes (Conference Presentation)

Imaging techniques for highly specific detection of cancer cells in-vivo can have applications ranging from preclinical drug discovery studies to clinical cancer diagnosis and surgical therapy. While fluorescence imaging using cancer-targeted antibodies has shown promise, non-specific probe accumulation in tissue results in a significant background fluorescence, reducing detection sensitivity using traditional intensity-based continuous wave (CW) fluorescence imaging. Here we demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime imaging can provide significant tumor contrast enhancement over CW intensity, with the use of Indocyanine Green and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody conjugated to the fluorescent dye IRDye800CW.
Asymptomatic Intestinal Malrotation Progressing to Midgut Volvulus in a Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhotic Adult: A Rare Scenario Requiring Special Considerations

Intestinal malrotation usually presents in the pediatric population with midgut volvulus requiring emergency Ladd's procedure. Rarely, it remains asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally only during adulthood when it seldom causes intestinal complications. The scenario of a cirrhotic adult being diagnosed with asymptomatic intestinal malrotation with subsequent intestinal complications is thus extremely rare and to our knowledge has not been previously reported. We describe a 56-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C, MELD score 22) who was initially observed after an incidental diagnosis of intestinal malrotation on computed tomography. Observation continued as his liver disease improved with alcohol cessation (Child-Pugh class A, MELD score 8). He later presented with a closed loop bowel obstruction secondary to midgut volvulus at the time of alcohol relapse and liver redecompensation (Child-Pugh class C, MELD score 22-29). He underwent emergency Ladd's procedure during which his midjejunum was volvulized into an internal hernia space created by a thick Ladd's band containing large varices. The postoperative course was complicated by ileus and loculated bacterial peritonitis. Based on our experience, we discuss special considerations with regard to the surgical technique and timing of Ladd's procedure when encountering intestinal malrotation in a cirrhotic adult with portal hypertension.
Efficacy of motivational-interviewing and guided opioid tapering support for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery (MI-Opioid Taper): A prospective, assessor-blind, randomized controlled pilot trial.

Abstract Background Postoperative opioid use can lead to chronic use and misuse. Few studies have examined effective approaches to taper postoperative opioid use while maintaining adequate analgesia. Methods This randomized, assessor-blinded, pilot trial of postoperative motivational interviewing and guided opioid tapering support (MI-Opioid Taper) added to usual care (UC) enrolled patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty at a single U.S. academic medical center. MI-Opioid Taper involved weekly (to seven weeks) and monthly (to one year) phone calls until patient-reported opioid cessation. Opioid tapering involved 25% weekly dose reductions. The primary feasibility outcome was study completion in the group to which participants were randomized. The primary efficacy outcome, time to baseline opioid use, was the first of five consecutive days of return to baseline preoperative dose. Intention-to-treat analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression was adjusted for operation. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02070003. Findings From November 26, 2014, to April 27, 2018, 209 patients were screened, and 104 patients were assigned to receive MI-Opioid Taper (49 patients) or UC only (55 patients). Study completion after randomization was similar between groups (96.4%, 53 patients receiving UC, 91.8%, 45 patients receiving MI-Opioid Taper). Patients receiving MI-Opioid Taper had a 62% increase in the rate of return to baseline opioid use after surgery (HR 1.62; 95%CI 1.06–2.46; p = 0•03). No trial-related adverse events occurred. Interpretation In patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, MI-Opioid Taper is feasible and future research is needed to establish the efficacy of MI-Opioid Taper to promote postoperative opioid cessation. Funding National Institute on Drug Abuse
Fundamental Differences: A Basis Set for Characterizing Inter-Individual Variation in Resting State Connectomes

Resting state functional connectomes are massive and complex. It is an open question, however, whether connectomes differ across individuals in a correspondingly massive number of ways, or whether most differences take a small number of characteristic forms. We systematically investigated this question and found clear evidence of low-rank structure in which a modest number of connectomic components, around 50-150, account for a sizable portion of inter-individual connectomic variation. This number was convergently arrived at with multiple methods including estimation of intrinsic dimensionality and assessment of reconstruction of out-of-sample data. We demonstrate that these connectomic components enable prediction of a broad array of neurocognitive and clinical variables. In addition, using stochastic block modeling-based methods, we show these components exhibit extensive community structure reflecting interrelationships between intrinsic connectivity networks. We propose that these connectivity components form an effective basis set for quantifying and interpreting inter-individual connectomic differences, and for predicting behavioral/clinical phenotypes.
Retrospective Diagnosis of Malignant Struma Ovarii After Discovery of Pulmonary Metastasis

Abstract Objective Malignant struma ovarii diagnosis is challenging due to its benign histologic appearance and rarity. We present a case of struma ovarii determined malignant after pulmonary metastases were incidentally discovered. Methods A 29-year-old female with a history of benign struma ovarii presented to the emergency room with right lower abdominal pain. Abdomen and pelvis computed tomography showed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, which demonstrated well-differentiated thyroid tissue on biopsy. Review of prior ovarian pathology identified features of highly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Laboratory studies were negative for thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies, thyrotropin was 0.713 mIU/L, and TG was 169 ng/mL. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy, revealing a 0.3 cm follicular variant papillary thyroid microcarcinoma without lymphovascular invasion. An I-123 whole-body scan revealed bilateral metastases in the thigh muscles. Results I-123 whole-body scan after receiving I-131 therapy demonstrated uptake in the lungs, thyroid bed, and bilateral thighs. A computed tomography scan 5 months later revealed a decreased size of the pulmonary nodules. Conclusions Careful histologic examination is key in making an early diagnosis of malignant struma ovarii. It requires a high index of suspicion and close histologic examination to identify malignant features, mainly the presence of cytologic overlapping ground-glass nuclei and mitotic activity or vascular invasion. Additionally, a thorough review of the imaging is needed to identify any abnormal findings suggestive of metastases. Our case demonstrates that this diagnosis may be made retrospectively after the discovery of metastases and patients can have excellent response to I-131 therapy despite a relatively low TG level.
Proceed with Caution: Mouse Deep Digit Flexor Tendon Injury Model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using mouse models for translational study of flexor tendon repair and reconstruction. Methods Quantitative data detailing the gross anatomy, biomechanical characteristics, and microscopic structure of the deep digit flexor tendon (DDF) of the mouse hindpaw were obtained. Histological characterization of the DDF and the anatomy of the digit in the mouse hindpaw are detailed. Biomechanical testing determined the load-to-failure, stress, elastic modulus, and the site of tendon failure. Results In gross anatomy, the origins and insertions of the mouse deep digit flexor tendon are similar to those of the human digit, surrounded by a synovial sheath that is only 1- to 2-cells thick. A neurovascular network runs on each side of the digit outside the synovial sheath, but does not clearly penetrate it. The thickness of the DDF is 0.14 ± 0.03 mm and the width is 0.3 ± 0.03 mm. The thickness of the DDF is less than that of 9-0 nylon needle. The mean failure force of the deep flexor tendon was 2.79 ± 0.53N. Conclusions The gross anatomy of the mouse hindpaw digit is similar to that of the human digit except for key differences seen in the synovial sheath and vascular supply. The dimensions of the mouse DDF make it challenging to create a clinically translatable repair model using currently available surgical techniques. Despite the similarities between the human and mouse anatomy, and the powerful basic science tools available in murine models, mice are an unreliable model for assessing flexor tendon injury and repair.
Pain Management in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

For many children, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted the experience and treatment of their pain. This narrative review draws from the pain literature and emerging findings from COVID-19 research to highlight potentially meaningful directions for clinical consideration and empirical inquiry in the months and years to come. COVID-19 has been linked to diffuse acute pains as well as chronic pain sequelae. Contextual factors known to increase vulnerability for pain and associated functional disability have been exacerbated during the pandemic. Beyond these salient concerns has been the remarkable resilience demonstrated by patients and providers as healthcare systems have sought to harness creativity and innovative digital solutions to support optimal child wellbeing throughout this crisis. Ongoing research is needed to elucidate the short- and long-term effects of the pandemic on children’s pain and to consider how the delivery of treatment via digital technology has impacted existing paradigms of pain management.
Spacing Requirements for Visual Display of Markov Constraints

Is there an optimal density for displaying statistical interrelations among the elements of visual displays? With binary-coded displays, consisting of dots and non-dots, lowest thresholds for one-and two-dimensional Markov spatial constraints were achieved for interdot spacings of 1–2 mm at the display, or, under the testing conditions, at 5–10 sec. of visual angle. These results are in agreement with recommendations for the design of reading fonts and instrument dials.
A Modified Dechow and Dichev (2002) Model with Cash Flow Forecasts

We propose a modification to the Dechow and Dichev (2002) model (DD hereafter) by replacing realized next-period cash flows with forecasted future cash flows. We first theorize the relation between the modified- and original DD model and that between abnormal accruals from the modified DD model and future stock returns. Our empirical evidence shows that the accruals quality from the modified DD model is associated with established measures of earnings quality. Further, we find that the residuals from the modified DD model, especially under information asymmetry, are predictive of future size-adjusted returns, matching the performance from Jones-type models. Overall, our modified DD model without the foresight requirement is as effective as the original DD model in measuring earnings quality. More importantly, expanding the usefulness of the DD model, our model can estimate the current-year information on earnings management and allow investors to predict stock returns.
Hydroxyurea with continuous infusion paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and concomitant radiotherapy for poor-prognosis head and neck cancer

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy holds promise in the therapy of advanced head and neck cancer. We have previously reported on the combination of 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and concomitant chemoradiotherapy administered on an alternate-week basis. In this ongoing study, we are testing the feasibility of adding continuous-infusion paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) to this combination. Background information and early clinical data are presented.
Enteric glia express proteolipid protein 1 and are a transcriptionally unique population of glia in the mammalian nervous system

In the enteric nervous system (ENS), glia outnumber neurons by 4-fold and form an extensive network throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Growing evidence for the essential role of enteric glia in bowel function makes it imperative to understand better their molecular marker expression and how they relate to glia in the rest of the nervous system. We analyzed expression of markers of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the ENS and found, unexpectedly, that proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) is specifically expressed by glia in adult mouse intestine. PLP1 and S100β are the markers most widely expressed by enteric glia, while glial fibrillary acidic protein expression is more restricted. Marker expression in addition to cellular location and morphology distinguishes a specific subpopulation of intramuscular enteric glia, suggesting that a combinatorial code of molecular markers can be used to identify distinct subtypes. To assess the similarity between enteric and extraenteric glia, we performed RNA sequencing analysis on PLP1-expressing cells in the mouse intestine and compared their gene expression pattern to that of other types of glia. This analysis shows that enteric glia are transcriptionally unique and distinct from other cell types in the nervous system. Enteric glia express many genes characteristic of the myelinating glia, Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, although there is no evidence of myelination in the murine ENS. GLIA 2015;63:2040-2057.
What can limb scatter tell us about aerosols

Profiles of light scattered from the limb of the terrestrial atmosphere can provide information upon the vertical structure of optically thin aerosol layers. Such data can also be used to determine the upper altitude of thicker layers (/spl tau/>0.01). Multi-wavelength measurements can help determine relative size distribution, but only with assumptions concerning the particle index of refraction and shape. Measurements of polarization can help to narrow the range of possible optical constants and shapes, but the small range of scatterings angles limits the degree of useful information. Despite these limitations, limb scatter observations can be quite useful for stratospheric aerosol research and examining the injection of aerosols into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Presented is an algorithm for the estimation of the aerosol extinction profile from 10-30 km using limb scatter radiance profiles. Data is presented from the 1 am channel of the Limb Ozone Retrieval Experiment (LORE) flown on-board STS107 (Columbia). Comparisons are made with aerosol extinction profiles measured by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II using the solar occultation method. On average the difference for the LORE data is less than 20% with a variation of 40%. Additional results are presented for multi-wavelength Limb scatter observations made by SAGE III. Analysis of the retrievals shows altitude registration and stray light to be the major error factors.
Effects of in utero Nutrition Perturbation on Epigenetic Reprogramming in Sperm Cells

Maternal nutrition plays a critical role in offspring's risk of disease and individual's response differs. We used collaborative cross (CC) inbred mouse lines to characterize genetic factors that c...
Preparation of DNA containing 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine modification through phosphoramidites with TBDMS as 5-hydroxymethyl protecting group.

This unit describes procedures for preparation of two phosphoramidite building blocks III and IV, both containing a TBDMS as 5-CH2OH-protecting group. Phosphoramidites III and IV allow efficient incorporation of 5-hmC into DNA and a “one-step” deprotection procedure to cleanly remove all the protecting groups. A “two-step” deprotection strategy is compatible with ultramild DNA synthesis, which enables the synthesis of 5hmC-containing DNA with additional modifications. Methods are also presented for their incorporation into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis, subsequent deprotection, and HPLC analysis. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 47:4.47.1-4.47.18. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; DNA modification; oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN); phosphoramidite; solid-phase synthesis; genomic DNA; epigenetic; ultramild deprotection
β‐Galactosidase decreases the binding affinity of the insulin‐like‐growth‐factor‐II/mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor for insulin‐like‐growth‐factor II

The insulin-like growth-factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/Man6P) receptor binds two classes of ligands, insulin-like growth factors and lysosomal enzymes. We have examined the ability of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-galactosidase, to modulate the binding of 125I-IGF-II to the receptor. beta-Galactosidase purified from bovine testis was fractionated on a DEAF-Sephacel ion-exchange column. Column fractions were assayed for enzymatic activity and for ability to inhibit the binding of 125I-IGF-II to the IGF-II/Man6P receptor. Enzyme fractions eluting at higher NaCl concentrations which had previously been shown to exhibit greater uptake by cells in culture, exhibited greater potency in inhibiting the binding of 125I-IGF-II to the receptor. A pool of these fractions from the DEAE-Sephacel column inhibited 125I-IGF-II binding to pure receptor by 80% with the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition being 25 nM. The inhibition of binding by beta-galactosidase was completely blocked by simultaneous incubation with Man6P. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of beta-galactosidase with D-galactonic acid gamma-lactone did not affect the ability of beta-galactosidase to inhibit the binding of 125I-IGF-II to the receptor. Scatchard analysis of IGF-II binding to pure receptor in the presence and absence of beta-galactosidase showed that beta-galactosidase decreased the binding affinity for IGF-II (Kd 0.26 nM versus 1.0 nM in the presence of 57 nM beta-galactosidase). We confirmed the observations of others that Man6P alone actually increases the binding of 125I-IGF-II to the IGF-II/Man6P receptor, but we found that this phenomenon was dependent upon the method of preparation of the IGF-II/Man6P receptor. Microsomal membrane preparations, solubilized membranes, and receptors purified on an IGF-II-Sepharose column all exhibited stimulation of 125I-IGF-II binding by Man6P, whereas receptors purified on lysosomal enzyme affinity columns showed little or no stimulation of 125I-IGF-II binding by Man6P. We conclude that beta-galactosidase decreases the binding affinity of the IGF-II/Man-6-P receptor for IGF-II by binding with high affinity to the Man6P-recognition site.
Perivascular Cells Along Venules Upregulate NG2 Expression During Microvascular Remodeling

Objective: Recently the authors have shown that neuron–glial antigen 2 (NG2) is expressed by perivascular cells along arterioles and capillaries, but not along venules in quiescent rat mesenteric microvascular networks. To investigate how the spatial distribution of this proteoglycan changes during microvascular remodeling, the objective of this study was to characterize the expression of NG2 in adult rat mesenteric microvascular networks undergoing active remodeling.Methods: The distribution of NG2 expression was evaluated in adult rat mesenteric microvascular networks. Tissues were harvested from 250 g, female, Sprague-Dawley rats at 1, 3, and 5 days poststimulation and double immunolabeled for NG2 and CD31 (endothelial cell marker).Results: After 1 day, NG2 expression was observed along 27 ± 11% of network draining venules (14–55 μm) and after 3 days, 59 ± 10% of draining venules (13–59 μm) stained positive for the proteoglycan. By 5 days poststimulation, the percentage of network draining venules (18–...
Response to Comment on “The Dynamic Control of Kiss-And-Run and Vesicular Reuse Probed with Single Nanoparticles”

Granseth et al. argue that vesicle retrieval at hippocampal synapses is fully accounted for by a single mode of endocytosis. However, their assay focused on readily releasable pool vesicles (RRP), not RRP + reserve pool vesicles in tandem, and therefore cannot detect pool-dependent changes in vesicle-retrieval kinetics during a stimulus train. Using a probe similar to theirs, we observed rapid vesicle retrieval consistent with Kiss-And-Run fusion.
Probability matching in signal detection

There is evidence that in a signal-detection task, Ss often report a stimulus event at about the probability of its occurrence. By contrast, it has often been assumed in signal detection theory that Ss attempt to maximize expected value. Green (1960) and Green & Swets (1966) have presented a rather detailed analysis of the data of one particular O, whom they have characterized as typical. They concluded that Os tend to avoid extreme criteria, and may be described as conservative. A reanalysis of their results shows that the S was matching his probability of a “yes” response to the probability of the signal.