cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Social Marginalization in Early Adolescence: Longitudinal Associations with Behavioral and Social Adjustment.

Integration into formal and informal peer groups is a key developmental task during early adolescence. As youth begin to place greater value on attaining acceptance and popularity among peers, social status among one’s peer group becomes an important marker of social functioning during this developmental period. Whereas much empirical research has been devoted to understanding heterogeneity among youth holding high status positions, similar distinctions have largely not been examined among socially marginalized youth. The present study sought to address this gap in the research by examining the extent to which two aspects of social marginalization, peer rejection and social network isolation, were differentially associated with trajectories of social and behavioral adjustment across two school years in early adolescence. Peer nominations were used to assess rejection, isolation, and the behavioral outcomes of interest (i.e., aggression, internalizing behaviors, and victimization), and participants self-reported the extent to which peers would come to their aid in bullying situations (i.e., peer protection from bullying). Using a longitudinal sample of early adolescents (n = 1075; 53.0% female; 47.2% White; 27.1% African American; 12.7% Hispanic) in grades 5 through 7, preliminary analyses revealed little overlap between rejection and isolation at each time point. Moreover, a series of multilevel models revealed that rejection and isolation were associated with somewhat distinct behavioral and social adjustment trajectories. Peer rejection was positively associated with peer-nominated aggression, both within and across time points, and negatively associated with prosocial behaviors. Conversely, isolation was positively associated with peer-nominated internalizing behaviors, both within and across time points. Rejection and isolation were each positively associated with peer nominations of victimization; however, only isolation was related to lower perceptions of peer protection from bullying. In general, support was found for assessing rejection and isolation as two distinct forms of social marginalization in early adolescence.
Abelian difference sets with the symmetric difference property

A $$(v,k,\lambda )$$ symmetric design is said to have the symmetric difference property (SDP) if the symmetric difference of any three blocks is either a block or the complement of a block. The designs associated to the symplectic difference sets introduced by Kantor (J Algebra 33:43–58, 1975) have the SDP. Parker (J Comb Theory Ser A 67:23–43, 1994) claimed that the symplectic design on 64 points is the only SDP design on 64 points admitting an abelian regular automorphism group (an abelian difference set). We show in this paper that there is an SDP design on 64 points that is not isomorphic to the symplectic design and yet admits the group $$C_8 \times C_4 \times C_2$$ as a regular automorphism group. This abelian difference set is the first in an infinite family of abelian difference sets whose designs have the SDP and yet are not isomorphic to the symplectic designs of the same order. We define a new method for establishing the non-isomorphism of the two families.
A Journey to Hospice: Reflecting on One Patient's Barriers to Service.

This essay is presented as an opportunity to glimpse the path of a well-informed cancer patient who was nonetheless absent of coordinated palliative care services and who was brought far too late i...
An Unusual Presentation of Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibody Positive Encephalitis: Non-Epileptic Spells and A Splenial Lesion on Brain MRI (P5.394)

Objective: Not applicable Background: A 15-year-old girl with a history of sexual abuse presented with aggressive behavior following three months of non-epileptic spells and behavior changes. Neurological examination revealed superficially bright affect with confusion; a wide-based, unstable gait; high-frequency low-amplitude tremor in all extremities; and micrographia. Witnessed spells were characterized by tremulousness, pelvic thrusting, forced eye closure, and head shaking, with cessation following aggressive alerting. Spells had no electrographic correlate on electroencephalogram, although frontal intermittent rhythmic delta (FIRDA) was noted. Episodes of aggression continued and were unresponsive to high-dose psychiatric medications. Design/Methods: Not applicable Results: Brain MRI demonstrated a T2-hyperintense and diffusion-restricting lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Respiratory viral panel was positive for influenza A and B. The patient was diagnosed with mild encephalitis with reversible splenial lesion (MERS). Repeat imaging demonstrated an enlarged splenial lesion. Intravenous steroids and IVIg were initiated. The patient responded to steroids with improved handwriting, gait, sleep, and mentation. Completion of steroid course was followed by clinical decline, with poor sleep and continued convulsions. These symptoms again improved following additional intravenous steroids. The patient’s cerebrospinal fluid returned positive for NMDA receptor antibodies. She was discharged on a steroid taper and continued on IVIg and immunosuppression. Conclusions: This is an unusual case of NMDA receptor antibody-positive encephalitis (NRE), presenting with non-epileptic spells, without epileptic seizures, and with an evolving lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. MERS has been described in pediatric and adult patients and is thought to arise from various etiologies, although not generally associated with NRE. We hypothesize that a mild influenza-mediated encephalitis may have brought our patient to attention prior to development of seizures from NRE. As early treatment improves outcomes, autoimmune encephalitis should be considered as a cause of non-epileptic spells and abnormal behaviors that are unresponsive to psychiatric medications. Study Supported by: not applicable Disclosure: Dr. Christy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hilde has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marshall has nothing to disclose.
Singing In The Mask: Effects Of A Variably Occluded Face Mask On Singing.

ABSTRACT Objective A limitation of traditional semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) is the single sustained vowel task that precludes co-articulated singing. This study investigated immediate effects of a variably occluded face mask (VOFM) on vocal effort, acoustic, and aerodynamic measures in sung low and high pitches of healthy singers. Design Single-group, pre-post intervention study. Methods The outlet ports of disposable anesthesia facemasks were fitted with plastic caps with two drilled openings sizes (9.6 mm, 6.4 mm). Twenty-three singers with no voice complaints provided baseline vocal effort, acoustic, and aerodynamic measures in high and low pitches. Participants trained in four conditions: two VOFM sizes (9.6 mm, 6.4 mm) in combination with the 20th and 80th percentile of the singer's pitch range. Participants were trained on three phonatory tasks: repeated consonant/vowel syllables, sung sentence, and sustained vowel. Vocal effort before and after training was compared using a visual-analog scale, while standardized mean differences captured acoustic and aerodynamic changes before and after training. Results Participants reported decreased vocal effort after VOFM training at all occlusion and pitch combinations. On average, consistent beneficial effect sizes were found in cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and cepstral spectral index of dysphonia (CSID) for all 4 occlusion-pitch combinations, and vocal intensity and mean estimated subglottal pressure increased for all 4 occlusion-pitch training combinations. Changes in mean phonatory airflow and resistance were less consistent. Discussion There was an immediate effect of decreased vocal effort in singing after VOFM training. Acoustic and aerodynamic effects were variable and modest. Future studies should explore changes in these outcomes after VOFM in singing voice therapy.
From Trafficking to Terror: Constructing a Global Social Problem

Prologue: Producing Panic, Pleading for Power / Chapter 1: Trafficking Terror, Terrorizing Trafficking / Chapter 2: Colliding Wars / Chapter 3: Interrogating the Illicit / Chapter 4: Living the Wars on Terror and Trafficking / Chapter 5: Conclusion - Towards a New Paradigm
Enhancing Women's Contributions to Improving Family Food Consumption and Nutrition

Despite some recent gains, the prevalence of stunting in many developing countries remains unacceptably high and warrants additional emphasis on sustainable strategies that families can use to prom...
Tunable work function dual metal gate technology for bulk and non-bulk CMOS

This paper describes a metal gate process, which provides tunable work function values and ease of integration for dual metal gate process flow. Vertical stacks of Ru and Ta layers were subjected to high temperature anneals to promote intermixing which resulted in /spl phi//sub m/ tuning. It was found that Ru/Ta stacks provided up to 0.4 eV reduction in /spl phi//sub m/ compared to Ru. To increase this change, stacks of Ru/sub 50/Ta/sub 50//Ru were also evaluated and nearly a 0.8 eV change in /spl phi//sub m/ was observed between Ru/sub 50/Ta/sub 50//Ru and Ru/sub 50/Ta/sub 50/ electrodes.
Remembrance at the Belchertown State School: A Report from the Field

Belchertown State School, a closed mental institution located in Belchertown, MA, is in the process of demolition and economic development. In this field report, I provide an introduction to this project of dark heritage. Working with local government and community organizations, I have helped identify and speak to stakeholders. With this information, community members have decided to create of an interpretive trail to present the history. Due to the contentious nature of the site, the interpretive trail is a productive way for presenting a contested history that does not silence the past.
The formation and metabolic interchanges of pseudouridine in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract The formation and metabolism of pseudouridine (5-ribosyluracil) in growing Tetrahymena pyriformis have been studied with the aid of labeled uracil, uridine, pseudouridine, and glucose as precursors. The pyrimidine rings of uracil, uridine, and pseudouridine serve equally well as precursors of the pyrimidine component of uridine and pseudouridine of ribonucleic acid. The ribosyl moiety of uridine labels the ribosyl portions of RNA uridine and RNA pseudouridine equally. Although the latter was not degraded to establish unequivocally that uridine ribosyl is present in pseudouridine ribosyl, the equivalence of specific activities and the evidence of the presence of precursor uridine ribosyl in the uridine of the RNA make it appear that the uridine-pseudouridine interconversion takes place by an intramolecular rearrangement and not principally through a free uracil or diribosyluracil intermediate. Although some transribosylation involving purine and pyrimidine ribosyl moieties and some formation of RNA pyrimidine ribosyl from glucose were observed, these appear to be of secondary importance. The data are consistent with, but do not prove, a rearrangement of pyrimidine nucleosides at the polynucleotide level.
Dynamic computational modeling of the glass container forming process

Abstract Recent advances in numerical simulation capabilities have made the modeling of glass container forming processes feasible. In this study, all stages of the gob/container forming processes were modeled in order to predict final bottle thickness and residual stress distributions. In addition to thermo-mechanical coupling capabilities, ‘mesh-to-mesh’ interpolation, mesh superposition, and remeshing techniques were used to allow a continuation of the calculations despite very severe mesh deformations. By modeling the entire forming process, insight into the impacts of the different forming stages on final container quality can be gained for the first time. These insights are can be used to develop new equipment, and control algorithms for increased production and pack rates.
The Fertile Banks of the Thames

The Jewel House . Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution. By Deborah E. Harkness . Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2007. 371 pp. $32.50. ISBN 9780300111965. The author discusses the activities of Francis Bacon9s London contemporaries whose practices helped set the stage for the scientific revolution.
Occupational Contact Dermatitis

Occupational contact dermatitis is the most frequent type of skin diseases caused by occupational factors. The frequency varies considerably among professions and is highest in hairdressers, chefs, food handlers, and health care workers. Numerous irritants and contact allergens have to be considered in the pathogenesis and are often highly specific for a particular profession. Therefore, in this chapter, occupational information on the working environment that must be obtained for the diagnostic workup is discussed in detail. Careful patch testing, particularly with the worker’s own materials, must be performed to identify relevant contact allergens. The prognosis depends on the diagnosis: slight forms of irritant contact dermatitis can usually be well treated with gloves and avoidance of major irritants. If an occupational contact allergen’s exposure to skin cannot be eliminated or reduced, the worker has to surrender this occupation. Most difficult to treat are the not rare combined forms of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. A multidisciplinary approach of dermatologists, technicians, and health pedagogues in “eczema schools” is then necessary.
A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach for Opportunistic Data Transfer in Cellular Networks

The number of mobile Internet users is growing rapidly, as well as the capability of mobile Internet devices. As a result, the enormous amount of traffic generated everyday on mobile Internet is pushing cellular services to their limits. We see great potential in the idea of scheduling the transmission of delay tolerant data towards times when the network condition is better. However, such scheduling requires good network condition prediction, which has not been effectively tackled in previous research. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Hidden Markov Model (DHMM) to model the time dependent and location dependent network conditions observed by individual users. The model is dynamic since transition matrix and states are updated when new observations are available. On the other hand, it has all the properties of a Hidden Markov Model. DHMM can predict precisely the next state given the current state, hence can provide a good prediction of network condition. DHMM has two layers, the top layer is Received Signal Strength (RSS) and the bottom layer consists of states, defined as a mixture of location, time and the signal strength itself. Since the state is defined as a mixture, it is hidden and the number of states is also not known a priori. Thus, the Nonparametric Bayesian Classification is applied to determine the hidden states. We show through simulations that when combined with a Markov decision process, the opportunistic scheduling can reduce transmission costs up to 50.34% compared with a naive approach.
Social policy implications of research in developmental psychopathology.

In concluding his review of the historical underpinnings of the field of developmental psychopathology, Cicchetti (1990) asserted the following: . . . this discipline should contribute greatly to reducing the dualisms that exist between the clinical study of and theoretical research into childhood and adult disorders, between the behavioral and biological sciences, between developmental psychology and psychopathology, and between basic and applied research. (p. 20)
Temperature responses of growth and photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates in coastal and desert races of Atriplex lentiformis.

Comparative measurements of CO2 exchange and growth rates were made on Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats. plants from populations native to coastal as well as desert habitats in southern California. While both had similar CO2 exchange rates at moderate growth temperatures, the desert plants had a substantially greater capacity to acclimate to high growth temperatures indicating that clear ecotypic differences in acclimation capacity are present in this species. This large capacity for photosynthetic acclimation resulted in nearly equal CO2 exchange rates of the desert plants under the different day temperatures characteristic of the desert habitat during the summer and winter months. In contrast, the photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates of the coastal plants was markedly reduced by high growth temperatures. The large acclimation capacity of the desert plants may function to maintain high productivities during both the winter and summer months but would not be required in the coastal plants because of the moderate temperatures throughout the year in their native habitat.Relative growth rates (RGR) of the coastal and desert plants were similar at 23°C day/18°C night and 33°C day/25°C night growth temperatures. At 43°C day/30°C night temperatures, however, the RGR of the desert plants was higher than that of the coastal plants. Thus, the larger acclimation capacity of the desert plants is related to a greater ability to maintain high growth rates over a wide range of temperatures as compared to the coastal plants. Small differences in allocation patterns could account for differences in the comparative photosynthetic responses and growth rates in each temperature regime.
Effects of Light Quality on Root Elongation and Nodulation of Zamia floridana DC. Seedlings in Sterile Culture

Summary The effects of broad spectrum red, green and blue light as well as narrow spectrum green and blue light on primary and secondary root elongation and secondary root nodulation of Zamia floridana DC. seedlings were examined in sterile culture. Seedlings were grown at 27 ± 2 °C in agar slants of modified White's minerals plus 2% sucrose, pH 5.7. Roots were exposed to darkness or to 12 h photoperiods. Red light inhibited primary and secondary root elongation but it did not induce nodulation. Both broad and narrow spectrum blue and green light induced nodulation and inhibited primary and secondary root elongation. Both of these latter light qualities were more inhibitory than red light, and blue light was more inhibitory than green light. Blue light was also more effective than green light at inducing nodulation. Root photomorphogenesis of Z. floridana appears to be principally regulated by blue light.
Progesterone regulates catechol-O-methyl transferase gene expression in breast cancer cells: Distinct effect of progesterone receptor isoforms

Abstract There is strong evidence that catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) protects breast cells against estrogen-induced cancer by detoxifying catecholestrogens, the carcinogenic estrogen metabolites. COMT gene expression is controlled by two promoters – a proximal promoter (COMTP1) and a distal promoter (COMTP2) – that regulate the expression of soluble (S-COMT) and membrane-bound (MB-COMT) isoforms, respectively. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the COMT gene by progesterone/progesterone receptors in breast cancer cells. Our results indicated that progesterone (P4) downregulates COMT gene expression in breast cancer cell lines. In addition, the COMTP1 and COMTP2 harbor several progesterone response elements (PREs). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that nuclear extracts of T47D cells bind to the identified PREs in COMTP1. Site-directed mutagenesis of PREs in COMTP1 not only reversed the P4-induced inhibition of COMTP1, but also increased its basal activity. The two progesterone receptor isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, were found to have opposite effects on the regulation of P4 in COMT expression; PR-A is associated with P4-induced upregulation of COMT, while PR-B is associated with P4-induced downregulation of COMT. In summary, our data demonstrated that P4 downregulates the COMT gene expression through multiple PREs in the COMT promoters and that different progesterone receptor isoforms have distinctive effects on COMT gene expression.
An Exploratory Study of Integrating Interactive Technology into the Marketing Curriculum

The purpose of this article is to suggest ways to use interactive technology in the classroom and to examine the educational outcomes of doing so. This technology will be related to teaching marketing courses and the international marketing module within international business courses. It has been used in many diverse types of educational settings and could be integrated into any classroom in any discipline. The use of this technology and the study of its outcomes was conducted at an AACSB-accredited midwestern university with 177 business students, both graduate and undergraduate. The findings of this study indicate that use of this interactive technology in the classroom increases student participation, recall and understanding of the material, team-building skills, and enjoyment of the course and the learning process itself. Suggestions for other courses in the marketing curriculum in which this technology might be used effectively are offered.
Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle

Animal environment is affected by climatic factors that include temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind. Extremes in climate alter energy transfer between the animal and its environment and can affect deleteriously reproduction. Seasonal variation of environment, nutrition, and management alters estrous activity and duration of estrus. Conception rates are reduced under stress of heat and cold. Endocrine functions are altered by climatic extremes. In hyperthermia, adrenal function is reduced, and this may allow the animal to cope with the environment because of the lower calorigenic actions of glucocorticoids. Estrogens are lower during the proestrus to metestrus period of the estrous cycle and during late gestation and appear to manifest their physiological actions through shorter duration of estrus and lower calf birth weights, respectively. Season alters endocrine profiles and influences fertility of males. Spermatogenesis is impaired, and testosterone is lower during early exposure to hyperthermia. Environmental modifications can alleviate stress of heat and cold to some extent. Experimentation using indices of environmental measures is needed to assess interactive effects of environment on reproduction.
Evidence for pteridine regulation of lead-mediated inhibition of uroporphyrinogen and heme formation in rat bone marrow.

Abstract Uroporphyrin I (URO I) accumulation has been reported in the bone marrow of rats exposed to lead, suggesting a sensitivity of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase (COSYN) to this heavy metal. Furthermore, it has been reported that a polyglutamated folate derivative may serve as a coenzyme for the catalytic action of hepatic uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase. These findings raised the question of whether depletion of polyglutamated folate could enhance the susceptibility of bone marrow COSYN to lead and potentially interfere with the formation of heme. Nitrous oxide, an anesthetic agent capable of causing bone marrow tetrahydrofolate deficiency, depressed total bone marrow polyglutamated folate content by 42% with significant reductions in all three chain lengths (5–7) identified in the bone marrow during an exposure period of 7 days at 4 hr/day. Lead acetate (15 mg/kg) administered by ip injection at Days 0 and 2 during a 7-day exposure to nitrous oxide resulted in an 84% increase of bone marrow URO I content, which was markedly higher than the increases of 22 and 38% seen with sole administration of lead or nitrous oxide, respectively. The combination of agents also produced a 48% rise in COPRO I, a 39 and 43% decrease in COPRO III and protoporphyrin, respectively, and a 42% decline in the activity of microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin O -deethylase, which is hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450 mediated. Heme oxygenase activity was not altered by nitrous oxide, lead, or their combination. These results suggest that bone marrow folate deficiency may render COSYN more sensitive to lead as characterized by increased uroporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I isomer content, decreased coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin content, and depressed microsomal hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450-mediated drug-metabolizing capability.
Constraint Estimation of Spacecraft Positions

The Constraint Kalman Filter is implemented for spacecraft formation ying absolute positions estimation. The orbital motion of a spacecraft is characterized by two range extrema (perigee and apogee). At the extremum, the rate of change of a spacecraft's range vanishes. This motion constraint can be used to improve the position estimation accuracy. The application of the Constrained Kalman Filter at only two points in the orbit causes lter instability. Two variables, α and β are introduced into the Constraint Kalman Filter to maintain the stability and improve the estimation accuracy. An Extended Kalman Filter is implemented as a benchmark for comparison with the Constrained Kalman Filter. Simulation results show that, with proper selection of α and β values, the Constraint Kalman Filter provides better estimation accuracy as compared to the Extended Kalman Filter. In this paper, two scenarios are studied. In the rst scenario, a spacecraft's absolute position is estimated by assuming the availability of radar measurements. In the second scenario, spacecraft formation absolute positions are estimated. It is assumed that the spacecraft formation is equipped with a wireless localization positioning system. The WLPS provides the relative position measurements between spacecraft in the formation. Only relative measurements are assumed in this paper.
Surface effects on the diffusion of tritium in 304-stainless steel and zircaloy-2

Abstract Tritium diffusion measurements following tritium recoil injection into austenitic stainless steels and Zircaloy-2 exhibit slower hydrogen transport in the surface regions than in the bulk. Kinetics of tritium release from these materials indicate that the release is controlled by a diffusion coefficient that is two to three orders of magnitude lower than the bulk diffusion coefficient for tritium in stainless steel and seven to eight orders of magnitude lower in Zircaloy-2. A two-region classical diffusion model with different diffusion coefficients in each region has been developed which appears to adequately represent the surface data for short heating times. Release rates at long heating times are apparently influenced by trapping of hydrogen in surface films. The surface effects are shown not to be due to the helium which is injected into the specimens along with the tritium.
Using motivating operations to evoke question-asking behavior can be effective in teaching language skills to preschoolers with autism1

What are the effects of motivating operations and the use of high-preference and low-preference items on the acquisition of vocal mands for information by preschoolers with autism? 1 Abstracted fro...
Error Correction as an Interactional Resource.

This paper considers some small errors which occur in natural talk, treating them as matters of competence, both in the production of coherent speech and the conduct of meaningful interaction. Focusing on a rule-governed occurrence of the interjection 'uh', a format is described by which one can display that one is correcting an error one almost, but did not, produce. It is argued that there are systematic ways in which someone who hears such talk can find that an error was almost made and what that error would have been. Two broad classes of error are considered, both of which can be announced by and extracted from the occurrence of an error correction format. These are 'production' errors; i.e. a range of troubles one encounters in the attempt to produce coherent, grammatically correct speech, and 'interactional' errors; i.e. mistakes one might make in the attempt to speak appropriately to some co-participant(s) and/or within some situation. Focusing on interactional errors, it is proposed that the error correction format (and other formats for events other than error) can be used to invoke alternatives to some current formulation of self and other(s), situation and relationship, and thereby serve as a resource for negotiating and perhaps reformulating a current set of identities. (Conversational analysis, discourse devices (metalinguistic, attitudinal markers), U.S. English.)
Further results concerning exact analytical solutions basic to two-body orbits

Complex-variable techniques are used to establish exact analytical solutions to a class of two-body problems. In view of Lambert's theorem, two points on the conic, the chord-distance between the two points, and the time interval are considered given, and subsequently the solutions for the semi-major axis required to define the orbit are developed and expressed ultimately in terms of elementary quadratures.
Vortex Roll-Up from an Elliptic Wing at Moderately Low Reynolds Numbers

An experimental investigation of tip-vortex roll-up was undertaken at moderately low Reynolds numbers for an elliptic wing with a NACA 662-415 section. Flow visualizations and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements were carried out to examine the flow in the vortex core and the tangential velocity distributions around the core. Separation was observed on both sides of the foil for Reynolds numbers up to 5 X105. The observed changes in the location of separation and reattachment with angle of attack and Reynolds number were adequately predicted by laminar boundary-layer calculations. Axial and tangential velocity profile measurements were made at Reynolds numbers up to about 5 X104. The vortex core radius was found to grow with increasing angle of attack, increasing downstream distance, and decreasing Reynolds number. A comparison of the experimentallydetermined velocity distributions and core sizes, with the results of inviscid, laminar, and turbulent vortex models, is presented.
Structural and dynamical studies of mixed chlorophyll/phosphatidylcholine bilayers via x-ray diffraction, absorption polarization spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Abstract The structure and dynamics of phosphatidylcholine bilayers containing chlorophyll were studied by X-ray diffraction and absorption polarization spectroscopy in the form of hydrated orientated multilayers below the thermal phase transition of the lipid chains and by nuclear magnetic resonance in the form of single-wall vesicles above the thermal transition. Our results show that (a) chlorophyll is incorporated into the phosphatidylcholine bilayers with its porphyrin ring located anisotropically in the polar headgroup layer of the membrane and with its phytol chain penetrating in a relatively extended form between the phosphatidylcholine fatty acid chains in the hydrocarbon core of the mixed bilayer membrane and (b) the intramolecular anisotropic rotational dynamics of the host phosphatidylcholine molecules are significantly perturbed upon chlorophyll incorporation into the bilayer at all levels of the phosphatidylcholine structure. These dynamics for the host phosphatidtlcholine fatty acid chains are qualitatively different from that of the incorporated chlorophyll phytol chains on a 10 −9 − 10 −10 s time scale in the ideally mixed two-component bilayer.
Pharmacology of the Malpighian tubule muscle of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana

Abstract The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) upon Malpighian tubules of Periplaneta americana (L.) was investigated in vitro. 5HT accelerated the frequency of coiling at a threshold concentration of approximately 1·0 × 10−9 M. Based upon the response to various pharmacological agents, the 5HT effect was specific. Its action was antagnonized by 5-benzyloxygramine (5BOG) but not by atropine. The specific response, and the antagonism by 5BOG, in light of the previously reported lack of associated nerve or endocrine cells, led to the conclusion that the muscle contained a 5HT receptor of the D-type.
Klinefelter's syndrome and precocious puberty: A harbinger for tumor

Abstract Boys with Klinefelter’s syndrome are at an increased risk of precocious puberty. Most cases are either idiopathic or due to a mediastinal tumor. Patients with Klinefelter’s syndrome are at a high risk of primary, extragonadal germ cell tumors, which are usually nonseminomatous, but can be a mixed type with seminomatous elements. The differential diagnosis of precocious puberty includes mediastinal tumors, especially in boys with Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Novel polymerically-modified clays permit the preparation of intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites of styrene and its copolymers by melt blending

Abstract Two new organically-modified clays have been made and used to produce nanocomposites of polystyrene, high impact polystyrene and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terploymer. At a minimum, intercalated nanocomposites of all of these polymers have been produced by melt blending in a Brabender mixer and, in some cases, exfoliated nanocomposites have been obtained. The systems have all been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry and the measurement of mechanical properties. These novel new clays open new opportunities for melt blending of polymers with clays to obtain nanocomposites with important properties.
Professionals on the Peak

The administration of mountain expeditions from the ground created special managerial problems. The Harvard College Observatory's Boyden Expeditions of 1887–1890 sent men and materiel to three sites: Pike's Peak, Colorado; Mount Wilson, California; and Chosica, Peru. Their goal was to test sites in order to find a suitable site for a permanent Boyden station to conduct astrophysical work in service of Harvard's preexisting projects. The logistical difficulties of living on the mountainside combined with the organizational difficulties of administrating a station at a distance. The men who lived on the mountain were professionally vulnerable, and often cut off from their home observatory both by the weather conditions at their own altitude and local politics on the ground below them. Only when an unbroken line of communication could be established between the mountain station and the Harvard Observatory could the astronomers on both ends work together to create a successful expedition.
Synthesis and Properties of Iridium Bis(phosphinite) Pincer Complexes (p-XPCP)IrH2, (p-XPCP)Ir(CO), (p-XPCP)Ir(H)(aryl), and {(p-XPCP)Ir}2{μ-N2} and Their Relevance in Alkane Transfer Dehydrogenation

A series of bis(phosphinite) (p-XPCP)IrH2 pincer complexes {[PCP = η3-5-X-C6H2[OP(tBu)2]2-1,3], X = MeO (6a), Me (6b), H (6c), F (6d), C6F5 (6e), and ArF [=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] (6f)} have been synthesized by dehydrochlorination of (p-XPCP)IrHCl precursor complexes 4a−f with NaOtBu in the presence of hydrogen. Dehydrochlorination of 4f in the presence of nitrogen yields {(p-ArFPCP)Ir}2{μ-N2} (11f), which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Complexes 6a−f exhibit identical catalytic activity in the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane (COA) with tert-butylethylene (TBE) when compared to mixtures of precatalysts 4a−f and NaOtBu. The electronic properties of the fragments (p-XPCP)Ir (Aa−f) are discussed on the basis of the νCO of (p-XPCP)Ir(CO) complexes (8a−f) as well as on 1JHD coupling constants of monodeuterated complexes (p-XPCP)IrHD (6a−f-d1). Reaction of 4a−f with NaOtBu in arene solvents generates (p-XPCP)Ir(aryl)(H) complexes (9 and 10), which undergo rapid arene exchange on the NMR time...
Heart Rate adjustment of ST segment depression and performance of the exercise electrocardiogram: A critical evaluation

Analysis of the rate-related change in exercise-induced ST segment depression using the exercise ST segment/heart rate slope and ST segment/heart rate index can improve the accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) for the identification of patients with coronary artery disease, recognition of patients with anatomically or functionally severe coronary obstruction and detection of patients at increased risk for future coronary events. These methods provide a more physiologic approach to analysis of the ST segment response to exercise by adjusting the apparent severity of ischemia for the corresponding increase in myocardial oxygen demand, which in turn can be linearly related to increasing heart rate. Solid-angle theory provides a model for the linear relation of ST segment depression to heart rate during exercise and a framework for understanding the relation of the ST segment/heart rate slope to the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. False positive and false negative test results of the heart rate-adjusted methods are well known in selected populations and require further clarification. Application of these methods is also highly dependent on the type of exercise protocol, number of ECG leads examined, timing of ST segment measurement relative to the J point and accuracy and precision of ST segment measurement. These methodologic details have been an important limitation to test application when traditional protocols and measurement procedures are required. When applied with attention to required details, the heart rate-adjusted methods can improve the usefulness of the exercise ECG in a range of clinically relevant populations.
Perception-based approach to time series data mining

Time series data mining (TSDM) techniques permit exploring large amounts of time series data in search of consistent patterns and/or interesting relationships between variables. TSDM is becoming increasingly important as a knowledge management tool where it is expected to reveal knowledge structures that can guide decision making in conditions of limited certainty. Human decision making in problems related with analysis of time series databases is usually based on perceptions like ''end of the day'', ''high temperature'', ''quickly increasing'', ''possible'', etc. Though many effective algorithms of TSDM have been developed, the integration of TSDM algorithms with human decision making procedures is still an open problem. In this paper, we consider architecture of perception-based decision making system in time series databases domains integrating perception-based TSDM, computing with words and perceptions, and expert knowledge. The new tasks which should be solved by the perception-based TSDM methods to enable their integration in such systems are discussed. These tasks include: precisiation of perceptions, shape pattern identification, and pattern retranslation. We show how different methods developed so far in TSDM for manipulation of perception-based information can be used for development of a fuzzy perception-based TSDM approach. This approach is grounded in computing with words and perceptions permitting to formalize human perception-based inference mechanisms. The discussion is illustrated by examples from economics, finance, meteorology, medicine, etc.
Comparison of blood vessel sealing among new electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices

Bipolar electrosurgical devices and ultrasonic devices are routinely used in open and advanced laparoscopic surgery for hemostasis. New electrosurgical and ultrasonic instruments demonstrate improved quality and efficiency in blood vessel sealing. The 5-mm laparoscopic Gyrus PKS™ Cutting Forceps (PK), Gyrus Plasma Trissector™ (GP), Harmonic Scalpel® (HS), EnSeal™ Tissue Sealing and Hemostasis System (RX), LigaSure™ V with LigaSure™ Vessel Sealing Generator (LS), LigaSure™ V with Force Triad™ Generator (FT), and Ligamax™ 5 Endoscopic Multiple Clip Applier (LM) were tested to compare burst pressure, sealing time, and failure rate. Each device was used to seal 13 small (2–3 mm diameter), 13 medium (4–5 mm diameter), and 13 large (6–7 mm diameter) arteries from euthanized pigs. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean burst pressures were not statistically different for 2–3 mm or 6–7 mm vessels. For 4–5 mm vessels, LS had the highest mean burst pressure recorded. Mean seal times were shorter for every vessel size when FT was compared with LS (p < 0.05). The shortest sealing times for 2–3 mm vessels were recorded for GP. The shortest sealing times for medium and large vessels were observed with FT. The highest percentage failure rate for each vessel size occurred with GP. For 4–5 mm diameter vessels, the failure rate was 48% for GP, 41% for PK, and 22% for HS. For 6–7 mm diameter vessels, the failure rate was 92% for GP, 41% for PK, and 8% for HS. LM and FT had no recorded failures. Among the new 5-mm laparoscopic electrosurgical and ultrasonic instruments available for testing, RX, LS, and FT produced the highest mean burst pressures. FT had the shortest mean seal times for medium and large vessels. Minimal or no seal failures occurred with HS, RX, LS, LM, and FT.
Acquired benign esophagotracheobronchial fistula.

Two patients with acquired benign fistulas between the esophagus and the tracheobronchial system are reported. In one, the fistula was the result of histoplasmosis; this is the fifth reported case due to histoplasmosis. We have also reviewed the etiology, diagnosis and therapy of such fistulas.
On the Interaction of Natural and Mechanical Heart Valve Leaflets With the Chordae Tendineae

Long before mitral valve replacement (MVR) became a routine operation, physiologic studies indicated that the continuity of mitral leaflets with papillary muscles, chordae tendineae (CT) and the atrioventricular ring may play a decisive role in the function of the left ventricle (LV) [1]. This led Lillehei et al. [2] to establish a procedure whereby the posterior leaflet, its CT and papillary muscles were preserved in MVRs. These and other studies indicated a significant reduction of postoperative mortality compared to conventional MVR. Though developed in the early 1960s by Lillehei, the technique of chordal preservation was not initially accepted. It wasn’t until 1983 that surgeons began to revive the concept of MVR with preservation of the CT. As this technique became more widely known, many clinical studies were performed; however, very few have been conducted which examine the effect of leaflets and CT on flow dynamics.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Characteristics of career success: An additional input to selecting candidates for professional programs?

Abstract It has been argued that selecting students for graduate degrees in professional schools should involve the use of information on a student's potential for “career” as well as academic success. The purpose of this study was to describe the elements of career success of 96 former doctoral students in educational administration and to measure their relationship to conventional academic and individual variables, such as GRE and MAT scores, career experience, age, sex, and quality of reference. It was found that there were no statistically practical or significant relationships between measures of academic success and career success.
The Temperature Dependence of the Viscosity of Supercooled Water

The viscosity of supercooled water has been measured, using a capillary flow technique, down to -23.8 °C. The large supercooling was obtained by removing nearly all suspended particles from the water by an ion exchange column. These results agree with those obtained by White and Twining in 1914, who obtained results down to -9.3 °C.
Analysis of volatile phenols in alcoholic beverage by ethylene glycol-polydimethylsiloxane based stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

An ethylene glycol (EG)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) copolymer based stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE)-GC-MS method was developed for the analysis of volatile phenols (4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 4-vinylguaiacol) in alcoholic beverages. The beverage samples were diluted with phosphate buffer (1M, pH 7) and extracted with an EG/PDMS stir bar. Volatile phenols were thermally desorbed and analyzed by GC-MS. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency were studied including ionic strength, pH, extraction time, ethanol content and nonvolatile matrix. Good correlation coefficients with R(2) in the range of 0.994-0.999 were obtained for volatile phenol concentration of 5-500μg/L. Recovery for all phenols were from 95.7% to 104.4% in a beer matrix and 81.4% to 97.6% in a wine matrix. The method had a standard deviation less than 5.8% for all volatile phenols. The limit of quantification (LOQs) in beer samples was lower than 3μg/L. The method was further applied to analyze the concentrations of volatile phenols in beer, wine and other alcoholic beverage samples.
Active faults newly identified in Pacific Northwest

The Bellingham Basin, which lies north of Seattle and south of Vancouver around the border between the United States and Canada in the northern part of the Cascadia subduction zone, is important for understanding the regional tectonic setting and current high rates of crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest. Using a variety of new data,Kelsey et al. identified several active faults in the Bellingham Basin that had not been previously known. These faults lie more than 60 kilometers farther north of the previously recognized northern limit of active faulting in the area. The authors note that the newly recognized faults could produce earthquakes with magnitudes between 6 and 6.5 and thus should be considered in hazard assessments for the region. (Journal of Geophysical Reserch-Solid Earth, doi:10.1029/2011JB008816, 2012)
Infrared spectra and tautomerism of 5-fluorocytosine, 5-bromocytosine and 5-iodocytosine. Matrix isolation and theoretical AB initio studies

Abstract The infrared (IR) spectra of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), 5-bromocytosine (5BrC) and 5-iodocytosine (5IC) all isolated in an argon matrix at 15 K are presented and discussed. Vibrational assignments are proposed based on ab initio quantum mechanical calculations (3–21G basis set) of the IR frequencies and intensities for the amino-oxo and amino-hydroxy tautomers of 5FC. The IR spectra prove that the amino-hydroxy tautomer strongly dominates in an inert matrix for all the 5-halogenated cytosines studied, in sharp contrast with the dominance of the amino-oxo form in polar media. From the experimental absorbances and theoretical molar absorption coefficients the equilibrium constants. K (h/o), and the difference in the energies of the amino-hydroxy and amino-oxo tautomers are estimated. The value of 5FC agrees very well with the energy difference calculated using a 6–31G** basis set (single point) and 3–21G optimized geometry, corrected for the difference in the zero-point vibrational energy.
Hysteresis Damping in Vibration Response of a Block in Elastic-Plastic Rough Surface Contact

The differences in load and unload paths in an elastic-plastic contact of a rough surface and a flat leads to hysteretic energy loss. The nonlinear normal vibration response of the block is examined when subject to an external compressive load. The vibration response corresponds to the application of a constant compressive external It is shown that vibration decay rate is constant as opposed to the exponential decay rate for the linear vibrating systems. Closed form equations relating contact damping and contact natural frequency to the surface parameters are given.Copyright © 2009 by ASME