cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN CLARKIA, SECTION PRIMIGENIA. IV. A CYTOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CLARKIA GRACILIS

A B S T R A C T Clarkia gracilis (2n = 28) is an allotetraploid which combines genomes from two subsections of section Primigenia. Natural populations consist of plants homozygous for a single chromosome arrangement, which may differ from the arrangements in other populations by one or more reciprocal translocations. One arrangement, the "standard," was widespread. Cytological observations on plants derived from crosses between populations of C. gracilis, and on triploid plants derived from crosses with C. amoena subsp. huintiana, one of the parents of the tetraploid, were used to determine the end arrangements present. Ten arrangements were identified, and it was found that the standard amoena subgenonme of C. gracilis is identical in end arrangement to the previously defined standard arrangement of the diploid C. amoena. Hence a race of C. amoena with this arrangement was involved in the hybridization which gave rise to C. gracilis. Evidence was found that other arrangements of C. amoena have probably been introduced into C. gracilis by subsequent introgressive hybridization. Cytological differences, coupled with differences in morphology, ecology, and distribution indicate that C. gracilis should be subdivided into four subspecies instead of the three presently recognized.
Bloody Pleural Effusion Associated With an Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration

A 50-year-old male cigarette smoker with a posterior parenchymal lung mass developed a bloody, exudative pleural effusion. Pathologic examination of the resected lung confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of an intralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Neoadjuvant therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: a critical appraisal.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem, being the fifth most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of HCC is increasing in Europe and the United States, and it is currently the leading cause of death among patients with cirrhosis. The advent of surveillance programs has led to a change in the stage of tumors detected. In more than half of the cases, these tumors will be suitable for potentially curative treatments, such as resection, transplantation, and percutaneous ablation.
Sufficient communication in repeated games with imperfect private monitoring

Abstract In this paper, we analyze repeated games with imperfect private monitoring. I make the frequent communication folk theorem in Kandori and Matsushima (1998) valid in wider environments by allowing players to make public all private information they could possibly condition their future play on.
Comparison of the enhancement gradients of retention obtained with stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation after training or memory reactivation

Abstract Rats were conditioned to fear a tone by a single pairing of the tone with footshock. In Experiment 1, retention, as indexed by latency to drink in the presence of the tone, was enhanced by stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) when given immediately, and to a lesser extent, 30 min after training. Stimulation at later intervals was without effect. In Experiment 2, animals were trained and, 4 days later, were given memory reactivation treatment and, at different intervals, stimulation of the MRF. This procedure resulted in a gradient of enhancement of retention very similar to that obtained in Experiment 1. Memory storage and memory retrieval explanations of these results are discussed and it is concluded that a demonstration of an enhancement gradient with treatment administered at various intervals after original learning can no longer serve as strong support for the notion that memory storage processes have been affected.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1+ (CML), is a myeloproliferative neoplasm defined by the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene produced by the t(9;22)(q32;q11) cytogenetic abnormality. CML manifests clinically as leukocytosis with circulating immature granulocytic precursors and splenomegaly. When untreated, its natural history is that of inexorable progression to an acute leukemia (blast crisis) after a prolonged chronic phase. The recent development of inhibitors of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity have dramatically altered the clinical course of CML, with long-term remissions in most patients treated early in the course of disease.
Effect of gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines

Objective We sought to examine associations between gestational weight gain according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and perinatal outcomes in overweight/obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of 2310 women with T2DM enrolled in the California Diabetes and Pregnancy Program. Gestational weight gain was categorized by 2009 IOM guidelines. Perinatal outcomes were assessed using the χ 2 test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results With excessive gestational weight gain, the odds of having large-for-gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–3.00) or macrosomic (aOR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.56–4.30) neonates and cesarean delivery (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03–2.10) was higher. Women with excessive gestational weight gain per week had increased odds of preterm delivery (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.20). Conclusion In overweight or obese women with T2DM, gestational weight gain greater than the revised IOM guidelines was associated with higher odds of perinatal morbidity, suggesting these guidelines are applicable to a diabetic population.
Mesomorphic Behavior of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate in Hydrocarbon Solvents

The formation of mesomorphic (liquid crystalline) systems by highly concentrated solutions of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in an homologous series of five even-numbered chain length n-aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents was studied. It was determined that dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate concentration, solvent chain length, and temperature significantly affect the formation of a mesomorphic phase. At constant temperature, the concentration of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate required to produce a mesomorphic phase increased as the solvent chain length increased from octane to dodecane and then decreased to hexadecane. At constant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate concentration in each of the five solvents, the mesomorphic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature reached a minimum at dodecane; however, the phase transition temperatures for dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate systems in tetradecane and hexadecane were higher than those for decane and octane, respectively.
Immunologic inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor suppressor cell activity.

Long-term exposure of C3H mice to ultraviolet radiation resulted in the formation of suppressor T cells that recognize ultraviolet radiation-induced regressor skin cancers as a class before the appearance of overt tumors. Administration of monoclonal antibodies to the product of the I-Jk subregion of the major histocompatibility complex or low doses of cyclophosphamide in vivo inhibited the development or activity of these cells. This activity of the monoclonal antibody was eliminated by adsorption on B10.BR (I-Jk) but not B10.D2 (I-Jd) splenocytes. These findings provide evidence that elements expressing the I-J determinant are important in regulating the host response prior to the overt development of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to malignancies or other diseases involving suppressor T cells in their pathogenesis.
Semantic search using a similarity graph

Given a set of documents and an input query that is expressed in a natural language, the problem of document search is retrieving the most relevant documents. Unlike most existing systems that perform document search based on keywords matching, we propose a search method that considers the meaning of the words in the query and the document. As a result, our algorithm can return documents that have no words in common with the input query as long as the documents are relevant. For example, a document that contains the words “Ford”, “Chrysler” and “General Motors” multiple times is surely relevant for the query “car” even if the word “car” does not appear in the document. Our semantic search algorithm is based on a similarity graph that contains the degree of semantic similarity between terms, where a term can be a word or a phrase. We experimentally validate our algorithm on the Cranfield benchmark that contains 1400 documents and 225 natural language queries. The benchmark also contains the relevant documents for every query as determined by human judgment. We show that our semantic search algorithm produces a higher value for the mean average precision (MAP) score than a keywords matching algorithm. This shows that our approach can improve the quality of the result because the meaning of the words and phrases in the documents and the queries is taken into account.
Impacts of Hurricane Andrew on carbonate platform environments, northern Great Bahama Bank

The northern (most energetic) quadrant of Hurricane Andrew (August 1992) passed over leeward-margin sand waves, bank-top sand shoals, reefs, and low islands of Great Bahama Bank for which an extensive prestorm data base exists. A reconnaissance survey seven weeks after Hurricane Andrew evaluated storm impacts on these bank-top settings. Resurveyed seismic profiles showed that positions, dimensions, and orientations of platform sand bodies were unchanged relative to fixed bedrock features. Surveys of reef communities indicated only minor storm-related disturbance. Coral bleaching may be due to storm-induced environmental stress. In addition, storm-wave plucking of boulders from emergent rocky cays resulted in localized crushing of reef biota. On low islands, beach erosion and storm surge were insignificant, and storm damage to Casuarina forests was minor and substrate-specific. Observed minimal hurricane impacts on northern Great Bahama Bank environments lying 10-75 km from the hurricane eye are reconciled by analysis of meteorological data, which show significant weakening of the storm (expressed as a rise in central barometric pressure of ∼20 mbar) during passage across the bank-top. This study demonstrates the importance of specific dynamic aspects of hurricanes (e.g., varying intensity, strength, size, forward speed, duration) which influence their geologic potential, even over relatively short distances along the storm track of an individual hurricane.
Measuring change with 2 × c designs

Szrmmay.-The literature in psychology and education \ L J S canvassed ro assess the frequency of usage of the 2 x c ordered categorical d c h ~ ~ n [t was used with 149 data sets in 29 journals from 1992-1995. There was a star~st~cdUy significant decline in the usage of the 2 x c design as the number of ordered categorical levels increased. This raises the question of why researchers eschew measurement of more refined categories of change.
Rotating ring-disk electrode method for the quantitative determination of nitrate ions in aqueous solutions in the submicromolar range

A rotating ring-disk technique has been developed for the analytical determination of nitrate ions in acid media. It is based on the measurement of the ring currents associated with the oxidation of nitrite ions generated by the reduction of nitrate ions on a gold-disk electrode covered by a layer of underpotentially deposited cadmium. The ring currents were found to be proportional to the amount of nitrate in solutions for concentrations in the millimolar range down to 20-30 ppb.
Iatrogenic alterations of immunologic surveillance in man and their influence on malignancy.

The surveillance hypothesis of the immunologic control of malignancy has far-reaching clinical implications, of which two major and essentially opposite ones will be considered in this communication. The first concerns the growth of tumors in patients with surveillance failure. From the premise of Burnet (1957, 1963, 1967, 1970) and Thomas (1959), it could have been predicted and was (Thomas 1959, Starzl 1964b, Schwartz et al. 1966) that an increased incidence of de novo tumors would develop in people with naturally occurring immunologic deficiency diseases or in patients whose immune reactivity was deliberately depressed in order to permit their acceptance of organ homografts. The hazard of malignancy consequent to spontaneous deficiency is so well known (Page et al. 1963, Green et al. 1966, Dent et al. 1968, Huber 1968) that it will not be reviewed here. However, the analogous data in iatrogenically immunosuppressed transplant recipients that have accumulated since 1968 will be brought up to date. In addition, some comments will be made about the accidental transplantation of tumors to immunologically depressed humans and about the growth of metastases or residual tumor under these same conditions. The second general topic of this report, and a far more interesting one from a therapeutic point of view, is the expectation that the artificial endowment of immunologic surveillance in a patient whose natural defense system had failed to prevent neoplasia might then have an inhibitory or even destructive effect upon the established growth. Of course, a necessary condition to evaluate this latter possibility is the successful transplantation of immunologically competent tissue such as spleen or bone marrow while at the same time avoiding the kind of fatal graft-versus-host reaction that has defeated essentially all efforts at bone marrow grafting for whatever purpose except between a few HL-A identical siblings. As a first step toward this previously unattainable goal, suggestions will be made for the application to the bone marrow problem of immunosuppressive regimens that have been evolved in the successful transplantation of whole organs such as the kidney, liver, and heart.
Higher Spin Gravity with Matter in AdS 3 and Its CFT Dual

We study Vasiliev’s system of higher spin gauge fields coupled to massive scalars in AdS 3, and compute the tree level two and three point functions. These are compared to the large N limit of the W N minimal model, and nontrivial agreements are found. We propose a modified version of the conjecture of Gaberdiel and Gopakumar, under which the bulk theory is perturbatively dual to a subsector of the CFT that closes on the sphere.
Ways in which a process can go awry

Abstract When product quality begins to fail, manufacturers must choose how much expense they will incur by reducing processing variables. Frequently in new high technology industries all the process variables are not known. The semiconductor industry is currently using sophisticated computer techniques to record all pertinent data on each silicon wafer and is tailor processing wafer by wafer in an attempt to optimize performance. This is a regression to the mid-1800s when parts were not interchangeable and production lines did not exist. The photovoltaics industry should not custom process each wafer or even each batch of wafers if it is to become low cost and competitive as an energy source. The output of a given process should be kept constant (interchangeable). Within a given process it is often quite cost effective to use sophisticated computer techniques to tailor process control parameters according to their interrelated influences. (This is a tailoring of controls which keeps the process constant and is not to be confused with tailoring or varying the process in an attempt to compensate for a previously varied process step.)
Epitaxial growth of Pt on basal-plane sapphire: a seed film for artificially layered magnetic metal structures

The epitaxial growth of Pt on basal-plane sapphire, i.e. sapphire (0001), by molecular beam epitaxy is described. Growth is monitored in situ using X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The structural perfection of thin ( < 250 A) films of Pt is studied using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. We find that Pt nucleates on the sapphire surface at 600°C as islands which are rotationally twinned about the Pt[111] axis. The epitaxial relationship is: Pt[111]‖Al2O3[0001] and Pt(110)‖Al2O3 (1010). Island coalescence occurs at a thickness of $15 A and X-ray diffraction shows that the Pt films have a high structural perfection. Such films are nearly ideal as seed films for a variety of epitaxial magnetic multilayers and alloys.
Administering Public Art Programs in Arizona's Cities and Towns: Development, Operation, and Promotion

This article contributes to our understanding public art at the local level by providing analysis of local government public art programs. A survey was conducted with cities and towns in Arizona that have public art programs. The article begins by defining public art and explaining how government funding for public art began in the United States. Next, it highlights the benefits of public art. Public art program funding sources, budgets, maintenance, personnel, and promotion techniques are discussed for the cities/towns surveyed. Last, recommendations are provided for cities/towns seeking to create or expand their public art programs.
Septal co-infusions of glucose with the benzodiazepine agonist chlordiazepoxide impair memory, but co-infusions of glucose with the opiate morphine do not.

Abstract We have found repeatedly that medial septal (MS) infusions of glucose impair memory when co-infused with the γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) agonist muscimol. The present experiments sought to determine whether the memory-impairing effects of this concentration of glucose would generalize to another GABA A receptor agonist and to an agonist from another neurotransmitter system that is known to impair memory. Specifically, we determined whether the dose of glucose that produces memory deficits when combined with muscimol in the MS would also impair memory when co-infused with the GABA A receptor modulator chlordiazepoxide (CDP) or the opiate morphine. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given MS co-infusions and then 15 min later tested for spontaneous alternation or given shock avoidance training (retention tested 48 h later). The results showed that MS infusions of the higher dose of glucose with morphine did not produce memory deficits, whereas, the performance of rats given MS co-infusions of CDP with glucose was impaired. These findings suggest that the memory-impairing effects of brain glucose administration may involve an interaction with the GABA A receptor.
Deficiency in p38β MAPK Fails to Inhibit Cytokine Production or Protect Neurons against Inflammatory Insult in In Vitro and In Vivo Mouse Models

The p38 MAPK pathway plays a key role in regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-1β, in peripheral inflammatory disorders. There are four major isoforms of p38 MAPK (p38α, β, δ, γ), with p38α and p38β the targets of most p38 MAPK inhibitor drugs. Our previous studies demonstrated that the p38α MAPK isoform is an important contributor to stressor-induced proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation and neurotoxicity in the brain. However, the potential role of the p38β MAPK isoform in CNS proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and neurotoxicity is poorly understood. In the current studies, we used primary microglia from wild type (WT) and p38β knockout (KO) mice in co-culture with WT neurons, and measured proinflammatory cytokines and neuron death after LPS insult. We also measured neuroinflammatory responses in vivo in WT and p38β KO mice after administration of LPS by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection. WT and p38β KO microglia/neuron co-cultures showed similar levels of TNFα and IL-1β production in response to LPS treatment, and no differences in LPS-induced neurotoxicity. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo, where levels of TNFα and IL-1β in the CNS were not significantly different between WT or p38β KO mice after LPS insult. Our results suggest that, similar to peripheral inflammation, p38α is critical but p38β MAPK is dispensable in the brain in regards to proinflammatory cytokine production and neurotoxicity induced by LPS inflammatory insult.
Two-dimensional IR-spectroscopy: polarization anisotropy effects

Abstract The anisotropic properties of the three-pulse heterodyned echo are developed with particular application to the infrared echo spectroscopy of dipeptides. Rotational relaxation processes are considered in the spherical rotor approximation. It is shown that the various Feynman paths involved in reaching the two-dimensional Bohr frequencies can be distinguished by polarization measurements involving the four fields involved in the heterodyned-stimulated echo.
Union dues and wage premiums

This study explores whether union wage premiums reflect compensating differences or noncompetitive rents. It is argued that if (1) there exists substantial dues variability, and (2) there is a positive wage-dues relation among union workers, at least part of the observed union premium is noncompetitive. Empirically, these two conditions are substantiated both within and across industries using the PSID microdata base. On average, 44 percent of the overall union premium is attributable to noncompetitive sources.
Civil commitment of the anorexic patient

Involuntary commitment appears to be an infrequently used intervention with anorexic patients, in part because of clinicians' uncertainty about its applicability to this population. In contrast to overtly suicidal patients, anorexic patients typically fail to express an intent to harm themselves, although their actions may result in severe harm. Examination of the language of civil commitment statutes, however, suggests that when the behavior of anorexic patients endangers their lives, they will usually be committable under grave disability standards. This appears to comport with the practices of experts in the treatment of anorexia, and with practices in other countries as well. Involuntary commitment should be used as an approach of last resort, when patients decline voluntary hospitalization and their physical safety is at risk. Moreover, civil commitment should probably also be limited to circumstances in which therapeutic gain is likely from hospitalization. Many severely ill anorexic patients will lack competence to make treatment decisions on their own behalf, allowing involuntary feeding and other procedures to take place, if necessary. Civil commitment is a tool that can legitimately be used in emergent situations with anorexic patients.
Patient misunderstanding of dosing instructions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outpatients’ understanding of medication dosing instructions written in terms of daily frequency with patients’ understanding of instructions specifying hourly intervals.
Is there a set of reals not in K(R)

Abstract We show, using the fine structure of K ( R ), that the theory ZF + AD + ∃ X ⊆ R [ X ∉ K ( R )] implies the existence of an inner model of ZF + AD + DC containing a measurable cardinal above its Θ, the supremum of the ordinals which are the surjective image of R . As a corollary, we show that HOD K ( R ) = K ( P ) for some P ⊆ ( Θ + ) K ( R ) where K ( P ) is the Dodd-Jensen Core Model relative to P . In conclusion, we show that the theory ZF + AD + ¬ DC R implies that R † (dagger) exists.
Preparing Principals for Resource Allocation Decisions.

These writers describe their perception of current admin istrator preparation pro grams, particularly in regard to the resource allocation component, and look at the collaborative model of administration, which has received an impetus in the school reform movement.
Molecular dynamics simulations of deformation mechanisms of amorphous polyethylene

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study deformation mechanisms during uniaxial tensile deformation of an amorphous polyethylene polymer. The stress-strain behavior comprised elastic, yield, strain softening and strain hardening regions that were qualitatively in agreement with previous simulations and experimental results. The chain lengths, number of chains, strain rate and temperature dependence of the stress-strain behavior was investigated. The energy contributions from the united atom potential were calculated as a function of strain to help elucidate the inherent deformation mechanisms within the elastic, yield, and strain hardening regions. The results of examining the partitioning of energy show that the elastic and yield regions were mainly dominated by interchain non-bonded interactions whereas strain hardening regions were mainly dominated by intra-chain dihedral motion of polyethylene. Additional results show how internal mechanisms associated with bond length, bond angle, dihedral distributions, change of free volume and chain entanglements evolve with increasing deformation.
An update on pollen and fungal spore aerobiology

Changes in climate are altering pollen distribution. Predictive modeling can be used to forecast long- and short-term changes in pollen concentrations. Increasing evidence confirms the presence of pollen allergens on small, respirable particles in the air, explaining the occurrence of pollen-season increases in asthma. Like pollens, aboveground indoor fungal aerosols primarily reflect outdoor concentrations. Basement spore concentrations might be higher and reflective of local sources. Fungal presence in the indoor or outdoor air can be monitored on an area basis or with personal monitors. The samples can be analyzed by means of microscopy, culture, DNA probes, HPLC, or immunodetection. Total fungal biomass can be estimated on the basis of measurements of ergosterol or glucan in environmental samples. Unfortunately, there are no generally accepted standards for interpretation of fungal levels in indoor or outdoor air. At present, the best approach to indoor fungal control is moisture control in the indoor environment. This will essentially prevent fungal growth, except from extraordinary events.
Beam funneling studies at Los Alamos

Abstract Funneling two ions beams by interlacing their bunches can reduce the cost and complexity of systems producing intense beams. Applications of funneling could include accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion, electronuclear breeding and fusion materials irradiation. Funneling in an RFQ-like structure is an elegant solution at low energy where electric fields are needed to provide strong focusing. Discrete-element funnels, with separate focusing elements, bending magnets, rebunchers and rf deflectors, are more flexible. At sufficiently high energies magnetic-quadrupole lenses can provide strong focusing in a discrete-element funnel. Such a funnel has been designed as a preliminary example of a second funnel in the HIBALL-II accelerator system. In a simulation, two Bi1+ (mass = 209 amu) beams at 0.5 MeV/A, 20 MHz and 40 mA, separated by 55 cm and angled at ±6° were combined into a single 80 mA beam at 40 MHz. Emittance growth was calculated, by a modified version of the PIC (particle-in-cell) code PARMILA, to be about 1%. Funnel design experience at Los Alamos has evolved rules of thumb that reduce emittance growth. Some of these are to maintain focusing periodicity and strength in both transverse and longitudinal directions; use strong focusing so that the bunch will be small; minimize angles of bend and rf deflection; adjust longitudinal focusing to produce a short bunch at the rf deflector; and design rf deflectors for a uniform electrical field. fa]Work supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory Program Development under the auspices of the US Department of Energy.
Comparison of ultrawideband SAR target detection algorithms

A new technique, developed at Lincoln Laboratory, utilizes algorithms developed for two-pass change detection to exploit the differences in aspect angle dependency between target scatterers and clutter scatterers. This technique, referred to as split- aperture detection, involves forming several aspect-angle-diverse SAR images from a single flight pass over a given area by separating the synthetic aperture into sub-apertures during image formation. Change detection algorithms are then applied to these aspect-angle-diverse looks, in the hopes that clutter returns will be nearly isotropic over small variations of aspect angle and will look similar in each image, while man-made objects will provide anisotropic returns over the same angular variation and, therefore, will appear brighter in one image. In this case, the change detection algorithms will significantly suppress the background clutter (thereby significantly reducing the number of false alarms) while enhancing target detectability.
Seven Things Every Information Professional Needs to Know About Consumer Technologies

Citation: Bengtson, Jason. "Seven Things Every Information Professional Needs to Know About Consumer Technologies." Journal of Hospital Librarianship 14.4 (2014) : 395-401. Print.
c-Cbl regulates migration of v-Abl-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts via Rac1.

Abstract Cellular events like cell adhesion and migration involve complex rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. We have previously shown that the multidomain adaptor protein c-Cbl facilitates actin cytoskeletal reorganizations that result in the adhesion of v-Abl-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In this report, we demonstrate that c-Cbl also enhances migration of v-Abl-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. This effect of c-Cbl depends on its tyrosine phosphorylation, specifically on phosphorylation of its Tyr-731, which is required for binding of PI-3′ kinase to c-Cbl. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the effect of c-Cbl on migration of v-Abl-transformed fibroblasts is mediated by active PI-3′ kinase and the small GTPase Rac1. Our results also indicate that ubiquitin ligase activity of c-Cbl is required, while spatial localization of c-Cbl to the pseudopodia is not required for the observed effects of c-Cbl on cell migration.
Involving Low-Income Parents in the Schools: Communitycentric Strategies for School Counselors

Low-income parents participate less in schools than higher-income parents despite the benefits of parent involvement. Barriers that low-income parents face suggest that schools must develop a new approach to engaging these parents. School counselors can play a leadership role in strengthening the relationship between schools and low-income parents by implementing community- centered strategies for parent involvement. These strategies respect community culture and parents' abilities to contribute to their children's education.
Integrated Copyright Protection in Peer-to-Peer Networks

We propose an integrated copyright- protection scheme for large-scale content delivery over the Internet. We focus on using trust-enhanced peer-to- peer (P2P) networks. Our framework integrates anonymous peer authentication, content poisoning, peer collusion detection and reputation aggregation. Some of the trust and security mechanisms are newly developed and first-time reported. Complementary protection techniques from DRM (digital right management) and watermarking are explored for P2P copyright protection. The proposed integrated system enables large-scale distribution of copyrighted digital content in existing P2P networks such as Gnutella, KaZaA, BitTorrent, eMule, etc. Analytical and simulation results are reported to support the claimed advantages. The reported trust- enhancement mechanisms, gossip aggregation protocol, and experimental results have broader impact to future Internet applications. The copyright-protection system will widen the legal applications of P2P networks in business services, e-commerce, and distance learning, where intellectual property rights are of primary concerns.
Disc dark matter in the Galaxy and potential cycles of extraterrestrial impacts, mass extinctions and geological events

A cycle in the range of 26–30Myr has been reported in mass extinctions, and terrestrial impact cratering may exhibit a similar cycle of 31 ± 5Myr. These cycles have been attributed to the Sun’s vertical oscillations through the Galactic disc, estimated to take from ∼30 to 42Myr between Galactic plane crossings. Near the Galactic mid-plane, the Solar system’s Oort Cloud comets could be perturbed by Galactic tidal forces, and possibly a thin dark matter (DM) disc, whichmightproduceperiodiccometshowersandextinctionsontheEarth.PassageoftheEarth through especially dense clumps of DM, composed of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the Galactic plane, could also lead to heating in the core of the planet through capture and subsequent annihilation of DM particles. This new source of periodic heating in the Earth’s interior might explain a similar ∼30Myr periodicity observed in terrestrial geologic activity, which may also be involved in extinctions. These results suggest that cycles of geological and biological evolution on the Earth may be partly controlled by the rhythms of Galactic dynamics.
Dissecting the Components of Long-Term Potentiation

The formation of memories relies in part on plastic changes at synapses between neurons. Although the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity have been studied extensively over several decades, many aspects of this process remain controversial. The cellular locus of expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), a major form of synaptic plasticity, is one of the most important unresolved phenomena. In this article, some recent advances in this area made possible by the development of new imaging tools are summarized. These studies have demonstrated that LTP is compound in nature and consists of both presynaptic and postsynaptic components. Some features of presynaptic and postsynaptic changes during compound LTP are also reviewed.
THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF EQUINE TEMPOROHYOID OSTEOARTHROPATHY

Equine temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is characterized by progressive osseous proliferation of the temporohyoid articulation and surrounding structures. The diagnosis has generally been made using radiography and endoscopy of the guttural pouch. Recently, computed tomography (CT) has been used in the diagnosis of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. This study was performed to determine the CT imaging characteristics of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy and to compare these to radiographic and endoscopic findings. CT scans from 16 horses with a final diagnosis of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy were reviewed. Five horses that had undergone CT scan for reasons other than temporohyoid osteoarthropathy were included as controls. Qualitative and quantitative data were used to describe the magnitude of the CT findings. Osseous proliferation of the stylohyoid bone and temporohyoid articulation was found to be a consistent feature of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Thickening of the ceratohyoid bone and proliferation of its articulation with the stylohyoid bone was frequently identified and this finding may have surgical implications. Horses with neurologic deficits had increased stylohyoid width that was significantly different than the subclinically affected side. CT evaluation also allowed the identification of subclinical bilateral disease in horses thought to be unilaterally affected based on clinical examination.
Quantum-dot cellular automata SPICE macro model

This paper describes a SPICE model development methodology for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) cells and presents a SPICE model for QCA cells. The model is validated by simulating the basic logic gates such as inverter and majority voter. A full-adder is designed with QCA cells using the SPICE model as a test vehicle and the function is verified successfully. The proposed model makes it possible to design and simulate QCA combinational circuits and hybrid circuits of QCA and other NANO devices using SPICE.
Incidental Sonographic Finding of Bilateral Ureteroceles

An ureterocele is a congenital saccular dilatation of the terminal aspect of the ureter, arising from abnormal embryogenesis and affecting the early development of the intravesicular ureter, the ip...
Host α-adducin is redistributed and localized to the inclusion membrane in Chlamydia- and Chlamydophila-infected cells

A large-scale analysis of proteins involved in host-cell signalling pathways was performed using chlamydia-infected murine cells in order to identify host proteins that are differentially activated or localized following infection. Two proteins whose distribution was altered in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells relative to mock-infected cells were the actin-binding protein adducin and the regulatory kinase Raf-1. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies to both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of these proteins demonstrated that the abundance of each protein was markedly reduced in the cytosolic fraction of C. trachomatis- and Chlamydophila caviae-infected cells, but the total cellular protein abundance remained unaffected by infection. Fluorescence microscopy of chlamydia-infected cells using anti-α-adducin antibodies demonstrated labelling at or near the chlamydial inclusion membrane. Treatment of infected cells with nocodazole or cytochalasin D did not affect α-adducin that was localized to the margins of the inclusion. The demonstration of α-adducin and Raf-1 redistribution within cells infected by different chlamydiae provides novel opportunities for analysis of host–pathogen interactions in this system.
Genes Lost and Genes Found: Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Symbiosis

Traditionally, evolutionary biologists have viewed mutations within individual genes as the major source of phenotypic variation leading to adaptation through natural selection, and ultimately generating diversity among species. Although such processes must contribute to the initial development of gene functions and their subsequent fine-tuning, changes in genome repertoire, occurring through gene acquisition and deletion, are the major events underlying the emergence and evolution of bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Furthermore, pathogens and symbionts depend on similar mechanisms for interacting with hosts and show parallel trends in genome evolution.
Episodic coronary artery vasospasm and hypertension develop in the absence of Sur2 KATP channels

KATP channels couple the intracellular energy state to membrane excitability and regulate a wide array of biologic activities. KATP channels contain a pore-forming inwardly rectifying potassium channel and a sulfonylurea receptor regulatory subunit (SUR1 or SUR2). To clarify the role of KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle, we studied Sur2 gene-targeted mice (Sur2–/–) and found significantly elevated resting blood pressures and sudden death. Using in vivo monitoring, we detected transient, repeated episodes of coronary artery vasospasm in Sur2–/– mice. Focal narrowings in the coronary arteries were present in Sur2–/– mice consistent with vascular spasm. We treated Sur2–/– mice with a calcium channel antagonist and successfully reduced vasospastic episodes.
Fuzzy PID control of a flexible-joint robot arm with uncertainties from time-varying loads

This paper presents the design and experiment of a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for a flexible-joint robot arm with uncertainties from time-varying loads. Experimental results have shown remarkable tracking performance of this fuzzy PID controller, and have convincingly demonstrated that fuzzy logic control can be used for flexible-joint robot arms with uncertainties and it is quite robust. In this paper, the fuzzy PID controller is first described briefly, using a simple and practical PD+I controller configuration. This configuration preserves the linear structure of the conventional PD+I controller, but has nonconstant gains: the proportional, integral, and derivative gains are nonlinear functions of their input signals, which have self-tuning (adaptive) capabilities in set-point tracking performance. Moreover, these variable gains make the fuzzy PID controller robust with faster response time and less overshoot than its conventional counterpart. The proposed design was tested using a flexible-joint robot arm driven by a DC motor in a laboratory, where the arm was experienced with time-varying loads. Control performance by the conventional and fuzzy PID controllers for such a laboratory robotic system are both included in this paper for comparison.
Risk communication in the internet age: The rise of disorganized skepticism

Abstract Communicating risks has become a core ingredient in the regulatory functions of government, interest group advocacy, public health, and corporate relations. The channels of risk communication have grown in complexity along with the development and expansion of the Internet and the birth of personalized blogging. This paper discusses three stages in the development of risk communication as an area of study and research. It examines the way risk is framed in three channels of communication, newsprint, the Expanded Academic Index, and Google using the example of the controversial chemical perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The paper concludes that the Internet, as illustrated by the Google search engine, has created more opportunities for citizen learning and expanded the breadth and channels of risk communication, while also providing new opportunities for stakeholders to influence the message. Democritization of information does not necessarily create greater concordance between the cultural and techn...
A Survey of Graphic Novel Collection and Use in American Public Libraries

Abstract Objective – The objective of this study was to survey American public libraries about their collection and use of graphic novels and compare their use to similar data collected about video games. Methods – Public libraries were identified and contacted electronically for participation through an open US government database of public library systems. The libraries contacted were asked to participate voluntarily. Results – The results indicated that both graphic novels and video games have become a common part of library collections, and both media can have high levels of impact on circulation. Results indicated that while almost all libraries surveyed had some graphic novels in their collections, those serving larger populations were much more likely to use graphic novels in patron outreach. Similarly, video game collection was also more commonly found in libraries serving larger populations. Results also showed that young readers were the primary users of graphic novels. Conclusion – Responses provided a clear indicator that graphic novels are a near-ubiquitous part of public libraries today. The results on readership bolster the concept of graphic novels as a gateway to adult literacy. The results also highlight differences between larger and smaller libraries in terms of resource allocations towards new media. The patron demographics associated with comics show that library cooperation could be a potential marketing tool for comic book companies.
Coupling evaporation-based, microfluidic concentration and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy

Detection limits in confocal fluorescence spectroscopy (CFS) have traditionally been restrained by the low molecular detection efficiencies associated with femtoliter probe volumes. In this report, we address this issue by designing a microfluidic evaporator capable of accepting large sample volumes and concentrating biomolecules to a nanoliter-sized, interrogation chamber. Single molecule fluorescence detection within this chamber is enhanced through microfluidic recirculation, enabling single molecule analysis comparable to traditional capillary-based platforms. Proof of concept is demonstrated using a 10X sample concentrator upstream to a 5 nanoliter CFS detection chamber and recording the subsequent increase in single molecule fluorescent bursts. This marriage of active microfluidics and sample processing, and CFS technology offers a novel means of overcoming the limits of single molecule detection in solution.
Cooperation of visually guided behaviors

The authors present modeling, analysis, and synthesis of visual behaviors of agents engaged in navigational tasks. They consider situations in which two agents can navigate independently or in cooperation. For the purpose of modeling the behaviors, a formalism is adopted from the discrete events systems (DES) theory that is suitable for investigating control-theoretic issues of a system. The focus is on the identification of elementary behaviors and their composition, leading to more complex behaviors. Two kinds of elementary behaviors are identified: one where observations are directly connected with actions, and one where observations and actions are either received or transmitted. The use of the DES formalism allows synthesis of complex behaviors in a systematic fashion and guarantees their controllability. >
Topographic variation of the choroidal watershed zone and its relationship to neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the patterns of choroidal watershed zones (WZs) in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to describe their relationship with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 50 digital indocyanine green video-angiograms of 50 patients with exudative AMD demonstrating one or more WZs. In addition, the relationship between the site of CNV and the WZ was analysed. RESULTS: A stellate WZ was observed in 30 of 50 (60%) patients. Choroidal neovascularization occurred within the centre of the WZ in all cases. The WZ was vertically oriented in 18 of 50 (36%) patients. When the WZ coursed through or extended into the fovea, CNV occurred within the WZ, but it occurred at its margin when the WZ did not involve the fovea. An angled WZ coursing through the fovea with CNV occurring within it was observed in two of 50 (4%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: In exudative AMD, the WZ most commonly conformed to the stellate pattern, followed by the vertical and angled patterns. Choroidal neovascularization occurred within the WZ in 44 of 50 (88%) patients. When the WZ did not involve the fovea (12%), CNV occurred at its margin. The relationship between the site of CNV and macular WZs suggests that macular WZs may be areas which are vulnerable to AMD and which are predisposed to CNV by the resulting hypoxia-ischaemia.
SUSTAINABILITY AND CRITICAL THINKING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

This paper describes a method for presenting concepts of sustainable development to first- year civil engineering students using pedagogical techniques related to critical thinking development. Sus- tainable development is an emerging area of environmental management that is important to civil engi- neering students. The concept can be associated with most design-related projects. In addition, the development of students' abilities to think critically about engineering problems and design projects is an important educational objective. Explicit methods for developing students' critical thinking skills have been adapted for the first-year civil engineering curriculum. The development of critical thinking skills is com- bined with the coverage of sustainable development concepts in this approach. This combination was chosen because the issue of sustainable development exhibits many of the characteristics of ill-structured problems that require critical thinking. Therefore, the combination of critical thinking pedagogy and sustainable development concepts provides an important contribution to the future education of civil engineering stu- dents.