cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deadlock-Free Online Plan Repair in Multi-robot Coordination with Disturbances

Multirobot systems are increasingly deployed in environments where they interact with humans. From the perspective of a robot, such interaction could be considered a disturbance that causes a well-planned trajectory to fail. Previous approaches that modify trajectories in the presence of disturbances rearrange the order in which robots pass collision regions and other obstacles, in the laudable attempt to improve the average travel time for all robots. By doing so, however, deadlock may arise. In this paper, we provide a precise definition of deadlock using a graphical representation and prove some of its important properties. We show how to exploit the representation to detect the possibility of deadlock and to characterize conditions under which deadlock may not occur. We provide experiments in simulated environments that illustrate the potential usefulness of our theory of deadlock.
Discussing LGBTQ+ Issues with Muslim Students in the ESL Classroom: The Interface of Culture, Religion, and Sexuality

Chapter 3 examines of how religiosity and sexuality can intersect in profound and conflicting ways for individuals. This chapter contributes to the burgeoning discussion on religion and sexuality by offering a view from queer applied linguistics. Guney explores the challenges and possibilities of broaching LGBTQ+ with Muslim students. By considering how the intersection of faith and sexuality can often be influenced by context, she smartly layers an examination of cultural forces over her reading of religion and sexuality.
Image Understanding and the Cell World Model

In recent years, image processing by computer has become increasingly important for a wide variety of fields ranging from analysis of aerial photography, industrial part inspection, and medical diagnosis, to robotics and the study of vision itself (IEEE, 1983). Substantial technological advances have also increased both the sensitivity, resolution and speed of detectors, and the computing power of the host systems. These accomplishments have been applied to the field of cytology (Preston, 1980) with the development of automated cell scanners (chiefly for blood cell analysis). For biomedical research, however, the real promise of computer vision systems—that is, the automated analysis of cells in stained tissue—has yet to be met.
The politics of evolution: Morphology, medicine, and reform in radical London: Adrian Desmond (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1989), x + 503 pp., $34.95, cloth

(1992). The politics of evolution: Morphology, medicine, and reform in radical London. History of European Ideas: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 287-289.
A framework for benchmarking in the public sector

The literature related to benchmarking since the year 1986 is examined, classified, and analyzed. A total of 415 articles, abstracts, and books are considered for this investigation. The status of benchmarking processes, activities, practices, and developments is examined for the manufacturing, service, and public sectors, while conclusions related to the state of benchmarking are drawn, gaps are identified, and recommendations are made. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of benchmarking in the public sector, with both an example that illustrates the utility of applying benchmarking to the public sector and a set of conceptual frameworks provided.
Multiple view object cosegmentation using appearance and stereo cues

We present an automatic approach to segment an object in calibrated images acquired from multiple viewpoints. Our system starts with a new piecewise planar layer-based stereo algorithm that estimates a dense depth map that consists of a set of 3D planar surfaces. The algorithm is formulated using an energy minimization framework that combines stereo and appearance cues, where for each surface, an appearance model is learnt using an unsupervised approach. By treating the planar surfaces as structural elements of the scene and reasoning about their visibility in multiple views, we segment the object in each image independently. Finally, these segmentations are refined by probabilistically fusing information across multiple views. We demonstrate that our approach can segment challenging objects with complex shapes and topologies, which may have thin structures and non-Lambertian surfaces. It can also handle scenarios where the object and background color distributions overlap significantly.
Tmax: an unconfounded metric for rate of absorption in single dose bioequivalence studies.

Purpose. While peak drug concentration (Cmax) is recognized to be contaminated by the extent of absorption, it has long served as the indicator of change in absorption rate in bioequivalence studies. This concentration measure per se is a measure of extreme drug exposure, not absorption rate. This paper redirects attention to Tmax as the absorption rate variable. Methods. We show that the time to peak measure (Tmax), if obtained from equally spaced sampling times during the suspected absorption phase, defines a count process which encapsulates the rate of absorption. Furthermore such count data appear to follow the single parameter Poisson distribution which characterizes the rate of many a discrete process, and which therefore supplies the proper theoretical basis to compare two or more formulations for differences in the rate of absorption. This paper urges limiting the use of peak height measures based on Cmax to evaluate only for dose-dumping, a legitimate safety concern with, any formulation. These principles and techniques are illustrated by a bioequivalence study in which two test suspensions are compared to a reference formulation. Results. Appropriate statistical evaluation of absorption rate via Tmax supports bioequivalence, whereas the customary analysis with Cmax leads to rejection of bioequivalence. This suggests that the inappropriate use of Cmax as a surrogate metric for absorption rate contributes to the unpredictable and uncertain outcome in bioequivalence evaluation today.
Toward a solar civilization

Environmentally and socially the case is persuasive, and the economics may work out as well
The ARC programming model

The ARC (Agent, Role, Coordination) programming model is an evolutionary synthesis of established software technology that helps model-driven pervasive software applications to effectively utilize the parallelism on multicore processors. Computational entities in the ARC programming model are composed of role-based agents, exposing natural opportunities for inter-entity and intra-entity parallelism and facilitating collaboration-based designs. The coordination required by collaborationbased designs is separated from other computation and enacted via coordination agents upon coordinated role-based agents. The implementation of the ARC programming model is responsible for mapping relatively abstract model-level parallelism to the target platform and exploiting the available processor-level parallelism.
Power flow and stability models for induction generators used in wind turbines

Model initialization of the induction generator for the wind power generation is investigated. Incorrect initialization may lead to numerical instability problems, not to mention erroneous result from dynamic simulation. The machine model is studied from the perspective of slip and reactive power calculation and tested for various cases. The dynamic reactive power calculation in well-know software package is discussed and the deviation of dynamic reactive power from the steady state reactive power is highlighted
The value of managerial flexibility in strategic IT investment: identify the real options of resource allocation

In this chapter, we discuss the real options theory and its applications in IT investment evaluation. We provide a framework within which the appropriateness of using real options theory in strategic IT investment evaluation is systematically justified. In our framework, IT investment opportunities are classified into four categories based on two criteria: the technology switching costs and the nature of competition. We point out that different real options models should be adopted for each category. The electronic brokerage's investment decision in wireless technology is discussed as a real-world case within the framework. Our study also provides some insights about the relationship between technology standardization and IT investment decisions.
Evaluation of the Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Exam: Lower Extremity Questions

Abstract Objective To facilitate the training of plastic surgery residents, we analyzed a knowledge-based curriculum for plastic and reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity. Design The Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Exam (PSITE) is a commonly used tool to assess medical knowledge in plastic surgery. We reviewed the lower extremity content on 6 consecutive score keys (2008-2013). Questions were classified by taxonomy, anatomy, and subject. Answer references were quantified by source and relative year of publication. Results Totally, 107 questions related to the lower extremity (9.1% of all questions) and 14 questions had an associated image (13.1%). Questions required decision making (49%) over interpretation (36%) and direct recall (15%) skills (p Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (54.9%) was the highest yield primary source. The median year of publication relative to PSITE administration was 6 (range: 1-58) with a mode of 2 years. Plastic Surgery by Mathes et al. was the most referenced textbook (21.9%). Conclusions These data establish a benchmark for lower extremity training during plastic surgery residency. Study efforts focused on the most common topics and references will enhance trainee preparation for lower extremity PSITE questions.
Recent developments in membrane-protein structural genomics

Recent work has identified the topology of almost all the inner membrane proteins in Escherichia coli, and advances in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy now allow the determination of α-helical membrane protein structures at high resolution. Together these developments will help overcome the current limitations of high-throughput determination of membrane protein structures.
Differance in the Eternal Recurrence of the Same

The doctrine of eternal recurrence in Nietzsche is an essentially ecstatic doctrine. It is also strangely incommunicable. Here the ecstasy that reveals singularizes. The essential revelation closes the one to whom it is given in his own singularity; only a singularity opens to the abysses and the Dionysian truth. Heidegger could then see in it an ontological doctrine. And an authentifying-singularizing-doctrine. Not, though, the same as his own. For Heidegger could suggest that the time horizon in which this doctrine conceives Being in its Becoming-the "deep eternity"-is in fact not a deep structure of time, but the linear time of an eternity of instants. Eternity is not deep. In addition the subject of the Nietzschean ecstasy-which longs for eternity- cannot appropriate itself, cannot become a whole, cannot really achieve singular existence. Are these Heideggerian thoughts criticisms of the Nietzschean experience? Is the deep ontological truth to be then sought elsewhere? Is the wholeness of one's own life- the essence of this existence- to be then sought in another experience of the time-horizon of Being? Or else do these Heideggerian observations not rather point to another structure of the thought involved-something like a surface thought? And to another structure of the one smitten by this thought-a singularity that exists only in a circle of continuous metamorphoses? Some deconstructive work by Derrida encourages us to look in this direction.
Energy transfer mechanisms on some γ-irradiated synthetic zeolite surfaces

Abstract The trapped paramagnetic centers in four γ-irradiated zeolites have been examined by esr spectroscopy. The centers in NaA, NaX and NaY are identified as trapped holes away from substituent Al− ions; in CaA, trapped holes adjacent to Al− ions. Electron scavengers added to the zeolites prior to the irradiation do not affect these centers, and no anion radicals are observed at 77°K. On the contrary, electron donors prevented the formation of these trapped holes and some radicals and cation radicals are produced, leading to the conclusion that there is energy transfer on the surfaces of the four zeolites tested, similar to the surface of silica under the same conditions. This hypothesis can be used to account for the radiolysis products of pentane and carbon dioxide on molecular sieves and silica gel.
Validation of VIIRS Calibrations for Oceans

New methods to create VIIRS ocean-color products are reviewed, with recommendations for handling an on-orbit NIR anomaly, exploiting hyperspectral characterization, and correcting for polarization in an operational data-processing environment.
A unique fabrication approach for microneedles using coherent porous silicon technology

The fabrication approach for microneedles using the coherent porous silicon (CPS) etching technology is presented here. Microcapillaries and microneedles form one of the components for microfluidic systems that have potential applications in drug delivery, genomics, and in micro-total-analysis systems used in detection of microbes, cells and macromolecules. This work provides a unique fabrication technology for micro-capillaries and microneedles. Porous silicon has been used in MEMS for several other applications. This is the first reported use in fabrication of microneedles. CPS technology is used to fabricate microneedle arrays with different pitch and diameters. When biological media are involved, the issue of biocompatibility arises and the use of silicon dioxide eliminates that problem because of its relative inertness in bio-medical applications.
Instrument inferences and verb schemata

Five studies employed a Stroop paradigm to examine the activation of instruments in sentence comprehension. Two types of instruments were studied, tools (e.g., spoon, hammer) and body parts (e.g., hand, wing). For example, is the concept “broom” activated by the sentence “The man swept the floor,” or is the concept “wing” activated by the sentence “The duck flew over the pond”? Earlier studies have suggested that implicit instruments are not encoded in the underlying representation of a sentence during comprehension. The first four studies in the present paper reveal no evidence that abstract knowledge of the instruments is even activated. In the fifth study, the Stroop task reveals an effect if subjects are instructed to generate implicit instruments, although a facilitatory (rather than an inhibitory) effect is obtained.
An algebra of singular integral operators with kernels of bounded oscillation, and application to periodic differential operators

On decrit les proprietes de Fredholm des operateurs d'une certaine C * -algebre d'operateurs integraux singuliers sur R
A Central Role For Mitochondria in the Regulation of Cardiac Sodium Current

Background: A mutant glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like, A280V (A280V GPD1-L) reduces cardiac Na+ current (INa) and causes Brugada Syndrome. Recent data suggest that this effect is dependent on alterations in NADH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and PKC activation. Since NADH and PKC can activate ROS production from mitochondria, we investigated the role of this organelle in mediating the effects of mutant GPD1-L and NADH on INa.Methods: HEK cells stably expressing the cardiac Na+ channel were used, and effects on INa were assessed by whole-cell patch clamp recording.Results: A280V GPD1-L caused a 2.48±0.17-fold increase of intracellular NADH level (n=3; P<0.001). Cytosolic NADH application (100 μM) or co-transfection with A280V GPD1-L resulted in significant decrease of INa (52±9% or 81±4%, respectively; P<0.01), which was reversed by 5-50 μM chelerythrine, 5 μM superoxide dismutase (SOD), 5-10 μM mitoTEMPO (a specific inhibitor to block mitochondrial superoxide generation), 1-5 μM rotenone (a complex I inhibitor), and 40-80 μM 4′-chlorodiazepam (an inhibitor of mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor). The decreased INa induced by 30 nM PMA (60±7%, P<0.01) was prevented by SOD. Antimycin A (a complex III inhibitor known to produce ROS) at 20 μM decreased INa (51±4%, P<0.01). L-NAME (an inhibitor for uncoupled NOS), cyclosporin A (an inhibitor for mitochondrial permeability transition pore), and KN-93 (an inhibitor of CAMKII) had no effect on NADH reducing Na+ current.Conclusions: A280V GPD1-L appears to regulate Nav1.5 by altering the oxidized to reduced NAD(H) balance, which then activates mitochondrial ROS production through a PKC-dependent signaling mechanism. This ROS production leads to reduced INa. This signaling cascade may help explain the link between altered metabolism, conduction block, and arrhythmic risk.
Children's time in household work: Estimation issues

The purpose of this article is to analyze children's time in household production using tobit analysis to adjust for nonparticipation and to compare the results to a regression analysis. In general, more variables are significant in each of the analyses based upon gender and birth order of the children. More importantly, the additional variables go beyond whether the day was a schoolday and the age of the child. The past failure of children's time spent in household work to change with differences in their families' characteristics appears to have been an artifact of not accounting for nonparticipation when estimating marginal effects.
The Tracheal System of the Larva of Lissorhoptrus Simplex

The immature stages of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say)[†][1], are passed entirely below the water, either in or among the roots of rice and other aquatic grasses. The eggs are deposited in the roots, and the female beetles will not deposit eggs unless these roots are submerged. The small larvae feed first within the roots in which they hatch, and as they grow larger they live in the mud around the roots upon which they feed. Pupation takes place in a water-tight cocoon attached to a rootlet. The entire time required for passing the immature stages in the insectary, from deposition of the egg to transformation to the adult stage, may be as brief as 32 days and as long as 77 days. The remedial measure recommended is temporary drainage of the rice fields, allowing them to dry until the ground cracks. This is very effective in destroying the larvae. [1]: #fn-2
Understanding the effects of surface chemistry on Q: mechanical energy dissipation in alkyl-terminated (C1-C18) micromechanical silicon resonators.

The rate of mechanical energy dissipation in 300-nm-thick, megahertz-range micromechanical silicon resonators is sensitive to single monolayer changes in surface chemistry. Resonators terminated with a single monolayer of methyl groups have significantly higher quality factors (Q's), and thus lower mechanical energy dissipation, than comparable resonators terminated with either long-chain alkyl monolayers (C2H2n+1, n = 2−18) or monolayers of hydrogen atoms. This effect cannot be attributed to mechanical energy dissipation within the alkyl monolayer, as a 9-fold increase in alkyl chain length does not lead to an observable increase in dissipation. Similarly, this effect is not correlated with the chemical structure of the silicon−monolayer interface (e.g., the density of Si−H vs Si−C bonds.) Instead, the chemical trends in resonator quality and stability are consistent with a dissipation mechanism involving the coupling of long-range strain fields to localized, electronically active defects in the monolaye...
Cryptococci of commercial bird feeds. II. Cryptococcus spp. in association with milo (Sorghum vulgare var. subglabrescens).

C. spp. were isolated regularly from feeds composed of mixed seeds, and further investigation showed that almost all the cryptococci were from milo seeds. Immersion in commercial sodium chlorate completely eliminated the yeasts, indicating that they occur either in or on the seed coats. Attempts to find their exact location were unsuccessful. C. albidus was the predominant sp. in the bird feed, although C. laurentii was the most common sp. in standing milo before harvesting. These findings suggest that at least part of the contamination occurs during storage
Albumin and furosemide for acute lung injury

Hypoproteinemia is a common condition in critically ill patients, associated with the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent worse clinical outcomes. Albumin with furosemide benefits lung physiology in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the independent pharmacologic effects of these drugs are unknown.
“Leaving on a (Branded) Jet Plane”: An Exploration of Audience Attitudes towards Product Assimilation in Television Content

Abstract As advertisers work to break through commercial clutter, they are investigating ways of connecting advertising messages with program content in television and feature films. This study investigates the relatively new phenomenon of product assimilation, that is, when the brand becomes the “star” of the show. Using a new reality program, “Airline,” participants in an experiment were queried as to their perceptions of the brand featured in the program both before and after viewing the show, as well as several weeks after viewing. Results indicate that attitudes were positively affected among those who were familiar with the brand featured in the program but who had never actually used the brand. The change in attitudes did not diminish over time.
Endocardial Cushion Defect with Pulmonic Stenosis

Five patients with endocardial cushion defect, pulmonic stenosis, and right-to-left shunt have been presented. Valvular pulmonic stenosis was present in all, with additional infundibular stenosis in two. Four patients had complete atrioventricular canal defects. In two children both great arteries arose from the right ventricle. In the clinical differentiation of this entity from the common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease, the electrocardiogram, characterized by left axis deviation and a counterclockwise inscription of the plane vector loop, is the most helpful tool. The surgical problems presented may be formidable and even impossible to solve, if both great arteries emerge from the right ventricle.
THE SOLUTION OF A CLASS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION PROBLEMS.

Abstract Two-dimensional melting and solidification problems are divided into three convenient classes and a general method of solution for one of these is presented. The method utilizes the concept of a fictitious body of constant geometry, in which is embedded the real body (whose dimensions are changing due to the change in phase); the fictitious body is acted upon by a fictitious heat flux or (in some problems) a fictitious initial temperature distribution. The problem thus formulated in terms of these unknown fictitious quantities results in a set of integro-differential equations to be solved simultaneously, either numerically or in series form. Two problems are considered in detail. In the first problem the melting of a finite, insulated slab with the melt immediately removed is formulated and an example for a semi-infinite, insulated strip is given. In the second problem the solidification of a finite, insulated slab with zero superheat is formulated and an example for a specific cooling history is given. In both problems two-dimensional effects are introduced by spatial variations of heating or cooling conditions, and short-time series solutions are developed.
The expression of the intermediate filament-associated protein (NAPA-73) is associated with the stage of terminal differentiation of chick brain neurons.

Abstract The monoclonal antibody E/C8 was originally generated against chicken dorsal root ganglia. The antigen detected by E/C8, NAPA-73, is an intermediate filament-associated protein. NAPA-73 was shown to be one of the earliest neuronal markers to appear during development since it appears in some neuronal precursor cells of the peripheral nervous system during development. Using [ 3 H]thymidine pulse-chase experiments combined with immunocytochemistry, ut is shown that the dividing neuroblasts from 6-day-old embryonic chick brains do not express NAPA-73. Only neurons that have undergone their terminal cell division either in the embryo or in cell culture express the E/C8 immunoreactivity. We conclude that E/C8 is a marker for postmitotic neurons in chick brain. The contrast between our findings and previous reports identifying NAPA-73 as one of the earliest neuronal markers may reflect a difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
High performance MEMS accelerometer (Gemini accelerometer)

UTC Aerospace Systems (UTAS) has developed a family of high performance open loop accelerometers, which, branded under the name "Gemini", aim to meet the needs of aerospace and commercial applications. There are five different acceleration ranges in the family: 0.85g, 2g, 10g, 30g and 96g. The sensor is manufactured and marketed by Silicon Sensing Systems Limited (SSSL). It comprises a silicon MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) structure providing two in-plane axes of sensing fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The silicon MEMS is in the form of a lower glass layer, a silicon sensing layer and an upper glass layer. The glass layers are anodically bonded to the silicon layer to form a hermetic assembly. The manufacturing process and equipment used for these accelerometers has been proven over many years by Silicon Sensing Systems Limited in their MEMS gyro production. Differential capacitance sensing, provided by an asymmetric gap between two sets of interdigitated fingers with a fixed set and a moving set, is at the heart of the design. This provides the electrical output. The hermetic sealed structure is backfilled with atmospheric pressure gas giving near critical air squeeze film damping for all variants of the MEMS. This has the linearity characteristic of a differential capacitance and can be modelled to high precision using low order polynomials. The resonant frequency of the MEMS is selected to suit the operational ‘g’ range with three different MEMS designs covering the five ‘g’ ranges. This is packaged with a mixed signal ASIC to provide an analogue output and a digital output via a SPI bus.
The adaptive significance of polymorphism in the rotifer Asplanchna. Humps in males and females.

Experiments show that humps or body wall outgrowths protect males and cruciform females of Asplanchna sieboldi from predation by conspecific, cannibal females. Humped prey were eaten by large cannibals to a significantly lesser extent than similarly-sized or even larger, non-humped prey.Since males and male-producing females, which are typically cruciform, co-occur with the largest, most cannibalistic morphotypes, their protection by humps may greatly increase the efficiency of sexual reproduction.An analysis of female diets and the occurrence of humped males and females in the different species of Asplanchna shows that these humped forms are found only in those species in which the females can eat comparatively large prey. This relationship provides strong indirect evidence for the theory that humps in both males and polymorphic females specifically evolved as a defense mechanism against predation by conspecific, cannibal females.
Not yet ready for prime time? Safe injection facilities in the overall prevention scheme.

One of the many trips that I have been privileged to make this year as a representative of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (ANAC) was to the annual conference of the Canadian Association of Nurses in AIDS Care in Vancouver. There, I heard Fiona Gold talk about the safe injection facility (SIF): so simple, so pragmatic, and so obvious (once the “duh!” moment passed) that I wondered at my initial inability to appreciate the concept. What I eventually had was a flash of recognition: SIFs are, quite frankly, just the next logical step in the harm-reduction journey that I have been set on as a result of my association with HIV infection. We all know that injection drug use (IDU) is a direct link to the transmission of a variety of blood-borne diseases and that it contributes to physical and mental health problems, increased violence and criminal behavior, gridlock in courts and corrections settings, decreased property values, and unsafe neighborhoods. SIFs, as one of a broad spectrum of harm-reduction measures, provide one more option to help alleviate these problems. SIFs (also referred to as safer injection rooms and drug consumption rooms) are legally sanctioned facilities that provide for supervised injection (The Lindesmith Center, 1999). The goals (and proven abilities) of SIFs are to
An iterative model-based cogging compensator for the Green Bank Telescope servo system

This paper outlines an anti-cogging methodology and summarizes the current state of motor cogging cancellation on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). An iterative, model-based algorithm is developed for finding the anticogging signal which yields rapid convergence. This method fills a gap in present methodologies in that it can serve as a drop-in cogging solution which operates in the presence of unknown structural dynamics as well as with an existing feedback controller. The algorithm is described and demonstrated on a 40 HP DC brushed motor test bed and also on the GBT’s elevation axis motors. Results and implementation experience from deploying the algorithm on a motor test bed and on the GBT are discussed.
Sexual and parasexual approaches to the genetic analysis of the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus

The mouse genetic map has been characterized largely through breeding studies based on the principles of Mendelian genetics. More recently, specific genetic information has been obtained from somatic cell studies using the techniques of in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybridization. The genetic analysis possible through these sexual and parasexual approaches is described, and specific linkage information from recent somatic cell studies is reviewed.
Mutational analysis of a signal sequence required for protein secretion in Leishmania major

In eukaryotes, amino-terminal extensions, signal sequences, mediate the translocation of lysosomal, membrane and secreted proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Structure/function studies indicate that eukaryotic signal sequences are composed of 3 distinct domains, a positively charged amino-terminal domain, a central hydrophobic domain, and a polar carboxy-terminal domain. In an attempt to better understand protein trafficking in Leishmania we have constructed strains of Leishmania major that secrete an exogenous protein, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), under the control of a mammalian signal sequence. In this report we present a mutational analysis of this signal sequence. Deletion of the entire signal sequence or the hydrophobic core region prevents secretion of IFN-gamma and results in cytoplasmic expression of the protein. Mutations in the amino-terminal domain indicate that a net positive charge is not required for efficient secretion of IFN-gamma. Mutations in the carboxy-terminal domain are more complex and display two phenotypes, either they prevent expression of IFN-gamma or they have no effect on protein secretion. These results indicate that the function of the signal sequence in targeting proteins to the ER in Leishmania is similar to that observed in yeasts and higher eukaryotes and suggests that the Leishmania protein secretory apparatus may also be similar.
THE SIGI PREDICTION SYSTEM: PREDICTING COLLEGE GRADES WITH AND WITHOUT TESTS

This paper gives an example of how to predict college grades in the absence of tests. It describes components of the prediction system which is one section of the computer-based System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI). Students who use the SIGI prediction system are provided with detailed criterion information and then asked to rate themselves on “achievement factors” and give estimates of their performance. These ratings and estimates, as well as self-reported high school record and biographical data, are used as predictors in a regression analysis. Predictive validities for final grades in four courses at Illinois State University were examined. Since students at ISU are required to take ACT, separate analyses were run using SIGI variables, ACT scores, and SIGI plus ACT. Consistent findings were found across the four courses: (1) multiple R's, using two or three SIGI variables, are quite high, falling in the range of .45 to .66, (2) SIGI variables afford a higher level of prediction than do ACT scores, and (3) the addition of ACT scores to SIGI variables does not appreciably improve the prediction levels.
A highly branched exocellular D-glucan from Monolinia fructicola.

Abstract An exocellular D -glucan produced by Monolinia fructicola was isolated and partially purified. The polysaccharide was methylated, hydrolyzed, and the resulting O-methylglucoses were identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry after conversion to the partially methylated, partially acetylated I -deutero-alditos. The presence of 2,6-di-O-, 2,4,6-tri-O- and 2,3,4,6- tetra -O- methyl - D - glucose in the molar ratios of 1:2.1:1.1 in the hydrolyzate indicates a highly branched polymer containing predominantly 1→3 linkages and lesser amounts of 1→4 linkages. The relatively large amount of tetra -O- methyl - D - glucose indicates a highly branched polymer with each third unit containing a branch point.
Some Positive Contributions of the Institutional Concept

I. Human nature and economic behavior, 405. — II. An extension of scientific method in economics, 408. — III. An enlargement of value theory, 417. — IV. Control of distributive shares, 423. — V. The increase of production, with decreased human costs, 427. — VI. A science of consumers' choices, 430. — VII. The integration of monographic researches, 434. — VIII. Some old ideals and their present realization, 438.
The Contributions of Open Sources to Ambient TSP Levels

A companion paper showed that the annual (1976) emissions of particles from open sources, those sources too great in extent to control through enclosure or ducting, in the U.S. were over 500 × 106 tons. Here it is demonstrated that on the average, a single open source class (unpaved roads) contributes 1.2 times as much to the variability of statewide-averaged measured annual mean TSP levels as all conventional sources. The nine other major open source classes do not appear to contribute significantly to measured TSP levels, due to patterns of source and monitor location. Although, on the average, the total contributions of unpaved roads to TSP are larger than conventional source contributions, the per ton contributions are only approximately one-ninth as great. Both precipitation frequency and adjacent states’ TSP levels are found to be stronger determinants of the between-state variability in TSP levels than conventional open source emissions. Several states, including NM, IL, AL, NJ, PA, CA, ID, ND, Rl,...
Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4 phenylene oxide) and poly(urethane acrylate). I

Simultaneous full and pseudo- interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4 phenylene oxide) (PPO) and a poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) have been synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, ultimate mechanical properties, and electron microscopy. No evidence of phase separation was detected in both the full and pseudo- PPO/PUA networks. The networks exhibited a single glass transition temperature at all the compositions studied. A maximum in tensile strength to break was observed at 25 PPO/75 PUA composition by weight percent.
Performance of 66-77-kV Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulated Cable and New Developments

Significant problems of 66-77-kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable are discussed. Improvements in cable construction and manufacturing processes realized over the past five years are described as well as their influence on cable performance. Higher impulse and ac breakdown voltage and higher corona starting voltage can be obtained, and the allowable electrical stress for long service performance is expected to be raised by use of the extruded semiconductive layer for both conductor and insulated shielding, and by the technical developments of the tandem extrusion of two or three layers to ensure firm bonding among two semiconductive layers and insulation. Descriptions are also given of the construction and performance of the cable joint and termination ion which is set up by the irradiated polyethylene tape-wrapped, molded method, as well as the specially made double-layer self bonding tape-wrapped method.
Surgical Resection Provides Excellent Outcomes for Patients With Cystic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVES Previous observations suggest that cystic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is cured with surgical resection. However, long-term outcome data are lacking. We reviewed our experience with RCC and report on pathologic features and patient outcome associated with the cystic variant. METHODS We identified 2431 patients treated with nephrectomy for unilateral, sporadic clear cell RCC between 1970 and 2002. A single urologic pathologist (J.C.C.) reviewed all of the microscopic slides without knowledge of patient outcome. Cystic clear cell RCC was characterized by numerous confluent cysts lined by clear cells, and containing nests of clear cells within the cyst walls. RESULTS There were 85 (3.5%) patients with cystic RCC. Among these patients, 22 died during follow-up, although no patient died of RCC. The median follow-up for the remaining 63 patients was 5 years. The estimated cancer-specific survival rate at 5 years after surgery for patients with noncystic clear cell RCC was 70.6% compared with 100% for patients with the cystic variant (P <0.001). This difference persisted even when comparing patients with cystic RCC to the subset with noncystic RCC who had pT1, pNx/pN0, and no clinical evidence of metastases (cM0). No patient with cystic clear cell RCC had extrarenal disease at time of nephrectomy with the exception of 1 patient who had perinephric fat invasion. CONCLUSIONS Cystic RCC is a distinct pathologic entity and should be assessed routinely during pathologic evaluation. Furthermore, we present data supporting that cystic RCC patients should expect to be cured after surgical extirpation.
Radiofrequency thermal ablation therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated withrepetitive nocturnal airway obstruction, which in turnresults in daytime sleepiness and cardiovascularderangements [1] It is now known that many patientswith OSA have a diffused pattern of airway obstruc-tion including nasal, oropharyngeal, and hypophar-yngeal regions. Although the surgical management ofOSA has achieved excellent cure rate [2,3], many pa-tients decline conventional surgical treatment becauseof the associated invasiveness and potential risks.Low wave radiofrequency (RF) energy achievestherapeutic ablation of tissue in a minimally invasive-ness fashion. RF thermal tissue ablation has beenpreviously studied in cardiology for ablation of aber-rant pathways in Wolfe-Parkinson-White syndrome[4,5], urology for the treatment of benign prostatichypertrophy [6], neurosurgery for the treatment oftrigeminal neuralgia [7], and oncology for the treat-ment of liver cancer [8]. In 1995, we began theinvestigation on the use of RF energy to ablate redun-danttissueintheupperairway.Fromaseriesofclinicaltrials,wehavedemonstratedthatRFcanbesafelyandeffectively applied to the delicate upper airway tissueto improve OSA. This article outlines the currentmethods of RF thermal ablation therapy for OSA.Biophysics of RF energyThe biophysics of RF thermal tissue ablationresult in a predictable tissue injury pattern. RF gen-erates frictional heating of the tissue around theelectrode caused by ionic agitation; thus, the elec-trode is not heated and the heat actually emanatesfrom the tissue. Because the energy disbursementpattern is proportional to 1/radius
A Primer on Meta-analysis in Clinical Psychology:

The authors provide a primer on meta-analysis. Topics are covered at an introductory level and references are provided for readers wanting further information. Topics covered include literature sea...
Occurrence and origin of marialitic scapolite in the Humboldt lopolith, N.W. Nevada

The occurrence and origin of marialitic scapolite in the Humboldt lopolith was investigated in the field and in the laboratory using petrographic and experimental techniques. Scapolite occurs in three modes: as a pervasive replacement of plagioclase and other minerals in gabbro, diorite and extrusive rocks; as a poikiloblastic mineral in scapolitite dikes; and as a fracture-filling mineral with analcime, albite and sphene in scapolite veins. Additional secondary minerals associated with scapolite include epidote, prehnite, hornblende and diopside-salite clinopyroxene. Relations with these minerals suggest that most marialitic scapolite grew at temperatures around 400° C. Scapolite composition varies from EqAn12 to EqAn37, containing from 72 to 96 atomic% Cl in the R position. Experiments on systems of similar compositions indicate that NaCl-H2O fluid having more than 40 mol% NaCl is needed to stabilize the scapolite. Variation in scapolite compositions is due to thermal and fluid compositional gradients normal to conduits of hydrothermal fluids, and occurs on a scale up to 100 m. The likely source of Na and Cl is pre-existing evaporites or evaporitic brine derived from the wallrocks. Salinity could have been increased to a level sufficient to stabilize scapolite by hydration of an originally dry magma, possibly aided by hydrothermal boiling. Results may be applied to hydrothermal alteration in areas of rifting or back-arc spreading, and in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems.
ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY IN ALFALFA

1 Received for publication December 2, 1938. Papers from the Department of Botany and the Department of Genetics (No. 237), Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wisconsin. Published with the approval of the director of the station. use of a similar technique and induced polyploidy in sweet clover and barley, respectively. Dorsey (1936) obtained tetraploid plants of wheat and rye by subjecting the entire mother plant to a temperature of approximately 430C. for 20-30 minutes at the time of division of the zygote. Peto (1936) kept barley seedlings at a temperature of 350C. for a period of seven days following germination, after which time they were carried to maturity under normal growth conditions. One plant produced a spike bearing both diploid and tetraploid florets.
Fate of Dwarf Bunt Fungus Teliospores During Milling of Wheat into Flour

ABSTRACT Wheat contaminated with teliospores of Tilletia controversa Kuhn (TCK) was mixed with uncontaminated wheat and processed through the Kansas State University pilot mill. Two 50-bu lots of the contaminated mixture were cleaned, tempered, and milled. Approximately 500 samples of wheat, cleanings, and mill fractions were collected and examined for the presence of intact and broken TCK teliospores. Whole wheat samples (50 g) were washed, sieved through a 60-μm nylon sieve, and pelleted by centrifugation. Contents of the pellet were examined microscopically for the presence of TCK spores. The procedure was modified as needed to accommodate cleanings and mill fractions. Levels of spore contamination in whole wheat samples decreased at each step during the handling process, and large numbers of spores were found in materials that were sieved or aspirated from the grain. Very few spores were found in bran, germ, and shorts; none were detected in red dog or straight-grade flour. The results showed that a h...
The influence of mechanical input parameters on the duration of the mandibular joint electromyographic silent period in man.

Abstract The duration of the electromyographic silent period following a tap to the menton has been reported to be clinically useful in the diagnosis of mandibular joint dysfunction but not the influence of details of the tap. Using a solenoid-driven mechanical tapper, the following were investigated: in patients with joint dysfunction, effect on single muscles and position of the tap in a sequence of taps, in normal subjects, force of the tap, degree of opening of the jaw, angle of tap, and the biting force; all on the duration of the resulting silent period. No significant changes could be ascribed to any of these variables. The introduction between the teeth of wooden shims or a bite-force transducer were the only factors to change the duration. The dysfunction group had significantly longer silent periods than the normal group. It is concluded that, provided nothing is introduced between the teeth, the input parameters investigated do not influence the duration of the silent period.
Intermediates in the formation of mouse 20S proteasomes: implications for the assembly of precursor β subunits

The assembly of individual proteasome subunits into catalytically active mammalian 20S proteasomes is not well understood. Using subunit-specific antibodies, we characterized both precursor and mature proteasome complexes. Antibodies to PSMA4 (C9) immunoprecipitated complexes composed of alpha, precursor beta and processed beta subunits. However, antibodies to PSMA3 (C8) and PSMB9 (LMP2) immunoprecipitated complexes made up of alpha and precursor beta but no processed beta subunits. These complexes possess short half-lives, are enzymatically inactive and their molecular weight is approximately 300 kDa. Radioactivity chases from these complexes into mature, long-lived approximately 700 kDa proteasomes. Therefore, these structures represent precursor proteasomes and are probably made up of two rings: one containing alpha subunits and the other, precursor beta subunits. The assembly of precursor proteasomes occurs in at least two stages, with precursor beta subunits PSMB2 (C7-I), PSMB3 (C10-II), PSMB7 (Z), PSMB9 (LMP2) and PSMB10 (LMP10) being incorporated before others [PSMB1 (C5), PSMB6 (delta), and PSMB8 (LMP7)]. Proteasome maturation (processing of the beta subunits and juxtaposition of the two beta rings) is accompanied by conformational changes in the (outer) alpha rings, and may be inefficient. Finally, interferon-gamma had no significant effect on the half-lives or total amounts of precursor or mature proteasomes.
Current Waveforms for Lightning Simulation

From a survey of the literature on lightning characteristics, we present and discuss our recommendations for the median (50%) and severe (1%) values of the salient parameters of lightning current in both positive and negative cloud-to-ground discharges. We present general expressions, suitable for numerical simulation of lightning effects, for lightning current versus time, current derivative versus time, second current derivative versus time, charge transfer versus time, and action integral (specific energy) versus time. We give sets of constants for these expressions such that the resultant waveforms for positive and negative flashes and for their component strokes and continuing current exhibit approximately the median and severe lightning current parameters recommended, and otherwise resemble the measured waveforms found in the literature.