cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI using robotic MRI compatible devices for monitoring rehabilitation from chronic stroke in the molecular medicine era (Review)

The number of individuals suffering from stroke is increasing daily, and its consequences are a major contributor to invalidity in today's society. Stroke rehabilitation is rela- tively new, having been hampered from the longstanding view that lost functions were not recoverable. Nowadays, robotic devices, which aid by stimulating brain plasticity, can assist in restoring movement compromised by stroke-induced pathological changes in the brain which can be monitored by MRI. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of stroke patients participating in a training program with a novel Magnetic Resonance Compatible Hand-Induced Robotic Device (MR_CHIROD) could yield a promising biomarker that, ultimately, will enhance our ability to advance hand motor recovery following chronic stroke. Using state-of-the art MRI in conjunction with MR_CHIROD-assisted therapy can provide novel biomarkers for stroke patient rehabilitation extracted by a meta-analysis of data. Successful completion of such studies may provide a ground breaking method for the future evaluation of stroke rehabilitation therapies. Their results will attest to the effectiveness of using MR-compatible hand devices with MRI to provide accurate monitoring during rehabilitative therapy. Furthermore, such results may identify biomarkers of brain plasticity that can be monitored during stroke patient rehabilitation. The potential benefit for chronic stroke patients is that rehabilitation may become possible for a longer period of time after stroke than previously thought, unveiling motor skill improvements possible even after six months due to retained brain plasticity.
Inference of cloud temperature and thickness by microwave radiometry from space

The Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on the Seasat and Nimbus-7 satellites measured microwave radiation at 6.6, 10.69, 18.0, 21.0 and 37.0 GHz with both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Numerical simulations have been performed to explore the potential of using the 18.0, 21.0 and 37.0 GHz SMMR channels with simultaneous infrared measurements of cloud top height for retrieving cloud temperature differential and thickness over the ocean. The results suggest it is possible to infer cloud vertical thickness to approximately 0.4 km rms accuracy and cloud temperature differential to approximately 3 C rms. These accuracies are approximately half the a priori variances.
A phase I study of d-methadone in patients with chronic pain

D-Methadone is the d optical isomer of racemic mixture (DL-methadone) used clinically to treat pain and addiction in the United States. D-Methadone is practically devoid of opioid activity but maintains N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. Evidence from extensive preclinical studies suggests that NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate neuronal plasticity, reverse opioid analgesic tolerance, and alleviate chronic pain states. The authors conducted a phase I open label study of D-methadone administered for the first time to patients with chronic pain to determine the safety and tolerability of D-methadone. In addition to their long-term regimen of opioids, the patients received 40 mg of D-methadone twice daily for 12 days. Analgesia and toxicity were recorded by the patients in a daily diary and assessed in clinic on days 1, 8, and 12. Eight patients of the 10 enrolled completed the study. Pain scores on Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) did not change between days 1 and 12, but five of eight patients (62.5 percent) characterized D-methadone as moderately or very effective in relieving pain on the Global Assessment for pain. Five of the eight patients (62.5 percent) who completed the study requested to start treatment with commercially available methadone (DL-racemic methadone) after completing the study. D-Methadone at the dose of 40 mg PO Q 12 hours was well tolerated. Perspective: This is the first clinical study of D-methadone in patients suffering from chronic pain. Additional phase I and phase II studies are needed to confirm its safety and analgesic effects. If D-methadone is well tolerated, it is likely to become a useful adjuvant to the treatment of a wide spectrum of pain syndromes.
Understanding Self-Control as a Whole vs. Part Dynamic

Although dual-process or divided-mind models of self-control dominate the literature, they suffer from empirical and conceptual challenges. We propose an alternative approach, suggesting that self-control can be characterized by a fragmented part versus integrated whole dynamic. Whereas responses to events derived from fragmented parts of the mind undermine self-control, responses to events derived from integrated wholes enhance self-control. We review empirical evidence from psychology and related disciplines that support this model. We, moreover, discuss the implications of this work for psychology, neuroscience, economics, and philosophy. In particular, we highlight how this model addresses many of the conceptual and empirical short-comings of divided-mind models. We suggest that understanding self-control as the interplay between fragmented parts versus integrated wholes, moreover, provides novel insights and testable new hypotheses.
Morphological consequences of prenatal injury to the primate brain.

Publisher Summary One of the most challenging questions facing neurobiology and psychiatry is the degree of latitude that is permissible in the relationship between neural structure and functional capacity. This century has witnessed radical shifts in opinion concerning this basic question and, in particular, the matter of how experience moulds human behavior and intelligence. Clarification of the modifiability of the mammalian nervous system, especially in our own species in whom the qualities of plasticity and adaptability are paramount, will not be satisfactorily answered until we have a firm idea of the organization of the neural circuitry subserving cognitive and other higher order cerebral processes in the primate nervous system, knowledge of how and when neural connections develop, and finally, the degree of their modifiability during the course of normal and pathological development. The studies on the consequences of prefrontal lesions in fetal rhesus monkeys described in this chapter have revealed that the primate brain is extraordinarily malleable in response to external forces and thus displays a degree of neuronal plasticity that is comparable if not greater than neuronal modifications that have been described in numerous non-primate mammals. The present findings in monkeys are particularly instructive because they reveal changes at both the gross morphological and cellular levels in a slowly developing gyrencephalic brain which is similar to the human cerebrum. The findings, therefore, bear both directly and indirectly on understanding of pediatric neuropathological disorders, as well as on the normal development of the human brain.
Abstract 25: Caregiver Task Difficulty, Task Time, Optimism, Threat, Depressive Symptoms, and Life Changes Comprise Four Latent Classes of Stroke Caregivers

Background: Providing care for a stroke survivor often times results in alterations of social and psychological functioning for caregivers. The ability to identify classes of responses may be useful to identify at-risk caregivers and intervention programs to meet specific needs. Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to identify classes of stroke caregivers based on Caregiver Task Difficulty, Task Time, Optimism, Threat, Depressive Symptoms, and Life Changes, all factors that are important components of the caregiving experience. Methods: Baseline data on Caregiver Task Difficulty (OCBS), Task Time (OCBS), Optimism (LOT-R), Appraisal of Caregiving Threat (ACS), Depressive Symptoms (PHQ9), and Life Changes (BCOS) from 176 caregivers enrolled in an ongoing stroke caregiver intervention study (TASK II) were analyzed using Latent Profile Analysis. Number of latent classes and adequacy of fit were evaluated using Bayes Information Criteria (smallest value), Entropy (>.80), and parametric bootstrapped likelihood ratio tests (p Results: The typical caregiver was female (76%), White (71%), 53.4 years of age (SD=12.6), not employed (58%), spouse (45%) of the stroke survivor. Four latent classes were identified: (1) relatively low OCBS difficulty and time, low LOT-R optimism with relatively high ACS threat and PHQ9 and negative BCOS life changes; (2) relatively low task difficulty and time, high LOT-R, low ACS and PHQ9, and positive BCOS life changes; (3) moderate task difficulty and time, LOT-R, ACS, PHQ9, and BCOS; and (4) high task difficulty and time, low LOT-R, and high ACS, PHQ9, and negative BCOS life changes. Conclusions: While needing future empirical validation, the four latent classes suggest 4 responses to caregiving that may be useful to (a) identify caregivers at risk for adverse outcomes, (b) tailor intervention programs, and (c) evaluate response to those interventions.
Eye-Movement Parameters and Total Figure Complexity of Simple Geometric Shapes

Support for the value of the measure, total figure complexity, of the model of perception of simple geometric figures developed by Vitz and Todd (1971) in predicting eye-movement parameters of Ss performing a learning task is described.
Diagnosis and management of von willebrand's syndrome

von Willebrand's disease is the most common of the inherited bleeding disorders. It is caused by quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of von Willebrand factor, and it usually presents with bleeding from mucosal surfaces. The diagnosis is confirmed by measuring von Willebrand factor activity and antigen levels, factor VIII activity, and performing a multimer analysis of von Willebrand factor. Treatment may require plasma-derived concentrates, but can often be accomplished with DDAVP, a vasopressin analogue that causes transient release of von Willebrand factor from body storage sites.
Effect of Occupation on Task Related, Contextual and Job Involvement Orientation: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

A cross-cultural study analyzes the effects of occupational membership on the task related, contextual, and job involvement orientation of 5,550 employees, selected from 20 countries. The empirical...
Isotopic Spectra of the Hydroxyl Radical

Rotational spectra of OH and its isotopologues have been precisely measured using high efficiency terahertz (THz) sources. The measurements are compared with existing data and are useful for global modeling. For the first time, microwave measurements of the Λ-doubling transitions of the (17)OH isotopologue are combined with THz data successfully. Precise rotational, fine-structure, and hyperfine structure parameters for the (17)OH isotopologue are reported. An isotopically independent Dunham model for all isotopologues of (2)Π OH v < 3 is presented.
Effect of Ash of Liver on Blood Regeneration in Pernicious Anemia.

Conclusions1. The administration of the ash of liver to 2 patients with typical pernicious anemia resulted in the appearance of some of the preliminary phenomena of a remission, in particular an increase in the percentage of reticulocytes. In neither case did a true remission occur until Minot's liver extract 343 was given.2. The substance responsible for the above was apparently lost or inactivated by dissolving the ash in hydrochloric acid, neutralizing with NaOH, and evaporating the salts to dryness.
Influence of Model of Surge Arrester Makes on VFTO Simulation

This paper analyses the model of the surge arrester in the simulation of the fast transient overvoltage( VFTO)when the disconnector operates in GIS using EMTP software.A variety of arrester model is put forward and analyzed,the advantages and disad-vantages of all kinds of lightning arrester model are discussed.Taking a 550 kV domestic GIS substation as an example,this paper se-lects two kinds of operation mode and calculated the VFTO that the circuit generates under the two operation mode.Finally it discusses the different lightning arrester model and the effects the calculation of the VFTO simulation results under the different modes.The cal-culation results show that it would cause the VFTO when disconnector operates under normal working condition and that the calculation results have differences with different surge arrester model.The study shows that the grounded capacitance model and the non-linear model are too simple and the calculation result error is bigger,while the mode under the consideration of polarization effect and the IEEE model are relatively accurate.However it still has problems and needs further study.
TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF LDL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN PMA-TREATED THP-1 CELLS BY LDL-CONTAINING IMMUNE COMPLEXES

We have previously shown that uptake of low density lipoprotein-containing immune complexes (LDL-IC) by human monocyte-derived macrophages led to the transformation of these cells into foam cells and induced a paradoxical increase in receptor-mediated binding of 125I-labeled LDL due to an increase in the number of LDL receptors (LDL-R). The same metabolic changes are also observed in PMA-treated THP-1 cells after incubation for 2 h with 150 microg/ml of immune complexes containing either native, oxidized (ox), or malondialdehyde (mda) LDL. After stimulation, PMA-treated THP-1 cells showed not only a 40-fold increase in 125I-labeled LDL binding but also a 40-fold increase in the immunoreactive LDL-R protein, confirming that the increase in LDL binding is due to an increase LDL-R number. In this study we have investigated, in PMA-treated THP-1 cells, the regulatory mechanism(s) responsible for the increased receptor-mediated binding of LDL induced by LDL-IC. By Northern blot and nuclear run-on analysis we have shown transcriptional activation of the LDL-R gene with a 7-fold increase in the LDL-R mRNA level in LDL-IC stimulated cells. Due to the marked difference between the increase in LDL-R mRNA and LDL-R protein, we estimated LDL-R mRNA stability using a inhibitor chase method and have shown that LDL-IC did not alter the LDL-R mRNA stability in THP-1 cells. We have also demonstrated, using cycloheximide as a inhibitor of protein synthesis, that the marked increase in LDL-R protein observed in LDL-IC-stimulated THP-1 cells resulted from de novo synthesis of LDL-R protein. To determine whether the increase in transcriptional activity of the LDL-R gene was secondary to changes in the cholesterol regulatory pool we performed experiments in which the cell cholesterol content was modified by the addition of either 25-hydroxycholesterol and mevalonate or inhibitors of ACAT activity (SA-58035 and progesterone). These experiments showed that the enhanced LDL-R expression was not affected by the addition of any of the above compounds. In conclusion, LDL-IC induced both transcriptional and post-transcriptional activation of the LDL-R gene in PMA-treated THP-1 cells and this induction was independent of the free cholesterol content of these cells.
Primary care at the Providence VA Medical Center: challenges, opportunities and innovations.

Almost one out of ten Rhode Island residents is a US veteran. About 30,000 of them get their care at the VA. Their needs reflect both the aging demographic of World War II and Korean War veterans now in their 80s and younger men and women returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The veteran population also tends to be sicker, with more medical conditions, overall poorer health, and to use more medical resources than the US general population.1 From a primary care perspective, caring for today’s veteran requires a focus in three core areas: (1) chronic disease management including early detection, reducing the risk of disease progression and preventing/treating acute exacerbations; (2) the interface between public health and clinical medicine which encompasses everything from universal screening for post traumatic stress disorder, depression and substance abuse to implementing a firstline response to the H1N1 pandemic and promoting weight reduction and smoking cessation; and (3) the capacity to address health disparities and the needs of vulnerable populations disproportionately represented in veteran populations. To address these areas, primary care within the VA began a major transformation about 15 years ago in its organization.23 VA-based care is organized around the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Model. Every veteran is assigned a primary care provider and clinical team. Comprehensive care is coordinated within an integrated medical system model that promotes continuity along with population and patient-based disease management and health promotion. A comprehensive electronic medical record system allows for timely communication across services as well as care planning, population tracking, and clinical feedback. It also allows the provider to have access to records of all care across all VA facilities nationwide. Together the medical home model and electronic medical record provide the capacity and tools needed to apply the Chronic Care Model within a primary care setting: promoting patient self-management, engaging community resources, use of decision supthe on-site management of patients presenting with depression or anxiety disorders. Monthly clinical reports drawn from the electronic medical record are provided to each clinician, RN and team that includes aggregated chronic disease management measures (most recent blood pressures, LDL and hemoglobin A1C) and a listing of all outlier patients in that team. These data are used in bi-weekly team meetings to both promote effective care planning and serve as the benchmark for team-based quality improvement initiatives. Since implementing this care structure in 2006, we have seen a significant improvement in chronic disease management performance and the proportion of patients at target for blood pressure, lipid and diabetes control, exceeding both national VA targets and community standards.
Use of a modified Gompertz equation to model nonlinear survival curves for Listeria monocytogenes Scott A

The heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in 0.1 M KH2PO4 buffer at three temperatures (50, 55, and 60°C), three pH levels (5, 6, and 7), and three NaCl concentrations (0, 2, and 4%). Survival curves were fit using nonlinear regression with a modified Gompertz equation. The Gompertz equation is capable of fitting survival curves which are linear, those which display an initial lag region followed by a linear region, and those which are sigmoidal. Parameter estimates were used to describe the lag region, death rate, and the tailing region of a survival curve. These estimates were also used to predict single and interactive effects of temperature, pH, and percentage of NaCl on the log surviving fraction (LSF) of bacteria. Interactions among these variables significantly (P < .05) affected the LSF. Generally, increased pH or NaCl concentration lead to an increased (P < .05) LSF, where as increased time or temperature lead to a decreased (P < .05) LSF. All multiple factor interactions significantly (P < .05) affected the LSF. These interactions differed depending on the heating medium and the region of the survival curve. The correlation of observed LSF and predicted LSF (R2 = .89) indicated that the Gompertz equation was in close agreement with the observations. This study demonstrated that the Gompertz equation and nonlinear regression can be used as an effective means to predict survival curve shape and response to heat of L. monocytogenes in many different environmental conditions.
Proactive Transfer Learning for Heterogeneous Feature and Label Spaces

We propose a framework for learning new target tasks by leveraging existing heterogeneous knowledge sources. Unlike the traditional transfer learning, we do not require explicit relations between source and target tasks, and instead let the learner actively mine transferable knowledge from a source dataset. To this end, we develop (1) a transfer learning method for source datasets with heterogeneous feature and label spaces, and (2) a proactive learning framework which progressively builds bridges between target and source domains in order to improve transfer accuracy. Experiments on a challenging transfer learning scenario (learning from hetero-lingual datasets with non-overlapping label spaces) show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Evaluation of Specialty Drug Price Trends Using Data from Retrospective Pharmacy Sales Transactions.

BACKGROUND: The past 25 years have seen a substantial increase in the effect of specialty drugs on patient care. These agents were initially not considered financially viable because they often served a comparatively small market of patients. However, the extended monopoly afforded to manufacturers of these drugs by the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 has made treatment of rare diseases, which specialty drugs often target, a more viable option. As a result, pharmaceutical companies began to increase research and development expenditures in this area, and the pipeline of specialty drugs began to grow in the late 1980s. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the annual change in wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) pricing of specialty drugs sold over a period of 11 years. METHODS: Pharmacy claims data, including date and WAC, were collected for each specialty drug transaction that occurred from 2002 through 2013 at the University of Illinois at Chicago Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Department. The data were organized to create a chronologi...
The Principles of Engineering Immune Cells to Treat Cancer

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have proven that engineered immune cells can serve as a powerful new class of cancer therapeutics. Clinical experience has helped to define the major challenges that must be met to make engineered T cells a reliable, safe, and effective platform that can be deployed against a broad range of tumors. The emergence of synthetic biology approaches for cellular engineering is providing us with a broadly expanded set of tools for programming immune cells. We discuss how these tools could be used to design the next generation of smart T cell precision therapeutics.
A robot for high yield electrophysiology and morphology of single neurons in vivo.

Single-cell characterization and perturbation of neurons provides knowledge critical to addressing fundamental neuroscience questions including the structure–function relationship and neuronal cell-type classification. Here we report a robot for efficiently performing in vivo single-cell experiments in deep brain tissues optically difficult to access. This robot automates blind (non-visually guided) single-cell electroporation (SCE) and extracellular electrophysiology, and can be used to characterize neuronal morphological and physiological properties of, and/or manipulate genetic/chemical contents via delivering extraneous materials (for example, genes) into single neurons in vivo. Tested in the mouse brain, our robot successfully reveals the full morphology of single-infragranular neurons recorded in multiple neocortical regions, as well as deep brain structures such as hippocampal CA3, with high efficiency. Our robot thus can greatly facilitate the study of in vivo full morphology and electrophysiology of single neurons in the brain. Single-cell characterization and perturbation of neurons is critical for revealing the structure-function relationship of brain cells. Here the authors develop a robot that performs single-cell electroporation and extracellular electrophysiology and can be used for performingin vivosingle-cell experiments in deep brain tissues optically difficult to access.
Tunable Photonic Bandgap Composites Based on Thermo- and pH-Responsive Poly-(N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Hydrogels

A tunable polymeric photonic bandgap composite (TPBC) was created by encapsulating ordered, monodispersed polystyrene spheres within a hydrogel matrix based on poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate). This polymer swells and contracts with changes in the temperature and pH of its surrounding solution. The volume phase transition property inherent to this poly(DMAEMA) hydrogel was used to reversibly shrink and swell the hydrogel, which causes a variation in the lattice constant and results in a mechanism to tune the stopband. A rejection band was reversibly tuned within the temperature range between 35 and 65° C and solution pH between 2 and 12. A 20 nm shift was observed for each 10° C change in temperature. The volume phase transitions of this poly(DMAEMA) hydrogel were characterized by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), equilibrium swelling degree measurements and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA).
Outcome and factors associated with aborted cytoreduction for peritoneal carcinomatosis

Background: Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) offers a potential cure for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), whereas aborted cytoreduction is associated with a poor outcome. We evaluate factors associated with aborted CRS procedures. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective review was performed from 12/2011 to 2/2016. Clinicopathologic variables and outcomes are described. Results: Seventy-four patients underwent attempted CRS/HIPEC which was completed in 51 (69%) and aborted in 23 (31%). There was no difference in age, race, gender or prior treatment between groups. Patients who underwent aborted procedures had a higher peritoneal cancer index (PCI, 26.1±9.9 vs . 16.2±10.5, P=0.001). Overall survival (OS) was significantly improved for patients who underwent completed CRS/HIPEC (41.0±10.4 vs. 6.0±2.3 months, P<0.0001). Patients with an appendiceal and colorectal primary who underwent CRS/HIPEC had a significantly better outcome (median not reached vs. 6±5.4 months, P<0.0001, and 28.0±7.5 vs. 8.0±4.0 months, P<0.0001, respectively). Colorectal pathology (P=0.014) and PCI score (<0.0001) were independent predictors of aborted CRS procedures. Conclusions: One-third of patients with PC had significant disease which prevented successful completion of CRS/HIPEC. PCI and colorectal primary tumor pathology were associated with a greater likelihood of aborted CRS procedures.
Effect of Thermal Power Averaging Method on the Determination of Neutron Fluence for LWR-PV Surveillance

Irradiation in a light water reactor involves varying neutron intensity levels. The calculation of neutron flux density is based on the assumption that the neutron intensity is proportional to the reactor thermal power. Ideally, the total irradiation time should be broken down into periods of uniform thermal power levels; however, analysts use approximations such as average power during operating periods between shutdowns, or monthly average power.
Other dietary components and cardiovascular risk.

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize current knowledge regarding these dietary factors and their impact on blood lipids and cardiovascular risk. Most national dietary guidelines aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk are based on reductions in saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and weight loss for those patients who are overweight. Recent studies have reaffirmed the primary focus on reduced saturated fat and dietary cholesterol intake, but there is also mounting evidence that other dietary factors beyond fat may play a significant supporting role in prevention of heart disease. Dietary fiber, soy, antioxidant vitamins, decreased plasma homocystine levels, phytochemicals, and flavonoids appear to offer advantages that enhance and complement the lipidmodified aspect of the anthiatherogenic diet. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are major contributors of these dietary factors and can safely be recommended for other health promoting attributes as well. Future studies will help quantify and validate these associations and also provide evidence of possible long-term benefits.
Secondary Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Environmental Issues Engagement through Socioscientific Reasoning

Among the many responsibilities of K-12 educators is to promote the development of environmental literacy among their students. Contentious environmental issues are often considered socioscientific issues (SSI; e.g., climate change) in that they are rooted in science, but a myriad of non-scientific (e.g., cultural, political, economic, etc.) factors must be addressed if those issues are to be successfully resolved. Teachers often report being ill-equipped to address these non-scientific factors, which may be due to struggles with employing socioscientific reasoning (SSR). SSR includes understanding the complexity of SSI, engaging in perspective-taking and ongoing inquiry about SSI, employing skepticism when dealing with potentially biased information concerning SSI, and recognizing the affordances of science and non-science considerations in resolving those issues. In this study, mathematics and science teachers who engaged in an SSI-oriented professional development demonstrated a range of sophistication across the dimensions of SSR, with science teachers tending to exhibit more sophistication in their SSR than mathematics teachers. Herein, we share and discuss the results of the study, including the prompts and scoring rubrics with exemplars, which can be used to prepare teachers to teach about contentious SSI and enable them to more effectively instruct and evaluate their students when doing so.
Performance analysis of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system in climatic conditions of Turkey

In order to contribute to widespread use of RES in Turkey, a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system was modeled using TRNSYS software and simulated for heating and supplying daily hot water to meet the needs of a restaurant in five sample provinces having different climatic conditions. During the simulation, the dining room temperature of the restaurant was kept constant at 22°C during the winter season and a total of 300 Lph of water (55°C) was used for 15 minutes four times a day. According to the simulation results, power consumption rates in the solar-assisted ground source heat pump system were determined as about 60% for the heat pump, 16% for heaters, 14% for the ground pump and 8% for fans and other pumps. The highest power consumption, as expected, was obtained for Hakkari Province (6723 kW) in the Eastern Anatolia region, which has a cold climate, while the lowest power consumption was obtained for Izmir Province (2822 kW) in the Aegean region, which has mild climatic conditions. The lowest seasonal performance factor and solar factor values were calculated as 2.27 and 32% for Hakkari and the highest as 2.71 and 56% for Izmir, respectively.
Combined Endoscopic and External Resection of an Inverted Papilloma of the Lacrimal Sac: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

BackgroundInverted papillomas (IPs) are benign, locally aggressive neoplasms with a high recurrence rate that most commonly arise from the lateral nasal wall. Rarely, IP can originate from the lacr...
Deep Learning for Automated Classification of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Types on Radiographs.

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of a deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) classification model for automated identification of different types of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters on radiographs. Materials and Methods In total, 1,375 cropped radiographic images of 14 types of IVC filters were collected from patients enrolled in a single-center IVC filter registry, with 139 images withheld as a test set and the remainder used to train and validate the classification model. Image brightness, contrast, intensity, and rotation were varied to augment the training set. A 50-layer ResNet architecture with fixed pre-trained weights was trained using a soft margin loss over 50 epochs. The final model was evaluated on the test set. Results The CNN classification model achieved a F1 score of 0.97 (0.92–0.99) for the test set overall and of 1.00 for 10 of 14 individual filter types. Of the 139 test set images, 4 (2.9%) were misidentified, all mistaken for other filter types that appear highly similar. Heat maps elucidated salient features for each filter type that the model used for class prediction. Conclusions A CNN classification model was successfully developed to identify 14 types of IVC filters on radiographs and demonstrated high performance. Further refinement and testing of the model is necessary before potential real-world application.
Balancing Evidence-Based and Humanistic Education in School Development for Underperforming Arizona and South Carolina Schools

Educational policies and research funding sources in many nations, including the United States, promote the use of evidence-based practice for school development, with evidence most often defined b...
Bridging transplantation with beads in paediatric acute liver failure

In a new study, cryopreserved human hepatocytes retrieved from livers deemed unsuitable for transplantation were thawed and encapsulated into alginate microbeads and then infused into the peritoneal cavity of a group of children with acute liver failure who were awaiting liver transplantation.
Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective Deficiencies and excess of essential elements and toxic metals are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the age when metal dysregulation appears remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in individuals eventually diagnosed with ALS. Methods Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to obtain time series data of metal uptake using biomarkers in teeth from autopsies or dental extractions of ALS (n = 36) and control (n = 31) participants. Covariate data included sex, smoking, occupational exposures, and ALS family history. Case-control differences were identified in temporal profiles of metal uptake for individual metals using distributed lag models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used for metals mixture analyses. Similar analyses were performed on an ALS mouse model to further verify the relevance of dysregulation of metals in ALS. Results Metal levels were higher in cases than in controls: 1.49 times for chromium (1.11-1.82; at 15 years), 1.82 times for manganese (1.34-2.46; at birth), 1.65 times for nickel (1.22-2.01; at 8 years), 2.46 times for tin (1.65-3.30; at 2 years), and 2.46 times for zinc (1.49-3.67; at 6 years). Co-exposure to 11 elements indicated that childhood metal dysregulation was associated with ALS. The mixture contribution of metals to disease outcome was likewise apparent in tooth biomarkers of an ALS mouse model, and differences in metal distribution were evident in ALS mouse brains compared to brains from littermate controls. Interpretation Overall, our study reveals direct evidence that altered metal uptake during specific early life time windows is associated with adult-onset ALS.
American Pharmacists Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Medication Error Disclosure.

Background: Patient safety places emphasis on full disclosure, transparency, and a commitment to prevent future errors. Studies addressing the disclosure of medication errors in the profession of pharmacy are lacking. Objective: This study examined attitudes and behaviors of American pharmacists regarding medication errors and their disclosure to patients. Methods: A 4-page questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide random sample of 2,002 pharmacists. It included items to assess pharmacists’ knowledge of and experience with medication errors and their disclosure. The data was collected over three months and analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0. The study received IRB exempt status. Results: The response rate was 12.6% (n = 252). The average pharmacist respondent was a 57-year old (+ 12.1 years), Caucasian (79.8%), male (59.9%), with a BS Pharmacy degree (73.8%), and licensed for 33 years (+ 12.8 years). Most respondents were employed in a hospital (26.4%) or community (31.0 %) setting and held staff (30.9%), manager (29.1%), or clinical staff (20.6%) positions. Respondents reported having been involved in a medication error as a patient (31.0%) or a pharmacist (95.5%). The data suggest that full disclosure is not being achieved by pharmacists. Significant differences in some attitudes and behaviors were uncovered when community pharmacists were compared to their hospital counterparts. Conclusion: There is room for improvement regarding proper medication error disclosure by pharmacists.
Better Work for a Better Weekend: Relationships between Job Performance, Positive Affect, and Pleasurable Weekend Experiences

Weekends provide many employees with opportunities to unwind from work demands and replenish resources, thereby fostering well-being and enhancing performance capacity. Despite some organizations’ efforts to facilitate employee unwinding during weekends, the choice and responsibility over weekend experiences lies with employees themselves. The current study draws on the success resource model of job stress and work-family enrichment theory to explore links between employee job performance, positive affect, and pleasurable weekend experiences. A time-lagged mediation model in which self-reported task performance and proactive performance during the workweek were associated with weekend positive affect and pleasurable weekend experiences via positive affect during the workweek was hypothesized. Results from 229 preschool teachers indicated support for the proposed mediation model. Task performance and proactive performance were significantly directly associated with pleasurable weekend experiences, although not significantly associated with weekend positive affect. Task performance and proactive performance were both significantly positively associated with weekend positive affect and pleasurable weekend experiences via positive affect during the workweek. Thus, creating opportunities for employees to experience achievement during the workweek and reflect on work accomplishments at the end of the workweek may facilitate positive affect and pleasurable experiences during the weekend.
Avoidance of COVID-19 for Children and Adolescents and Isolation Precautions

Limiting exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been the major principle guiding public health measures. Masking, social distancing, as well as frequent hand hygiene have been the chief nonpharmaceutical interventions as preventive strategies for all age groups. Advancement in vaccine development and vaccination of large populations offer a glimmer of hope for containing and ending this pandemic. However, until immunization is widespread in the community, masking, social distancing, and frequent handwashing, as well as early detection and isolation of infected persons, should be continued to curb the spread of illness.
Economic Rights: Conceptual, Measurement, and Policy Issues

Foreword Introduction: 1. Economic rights: the terrain Shareen Hertel and Lanse Minkler Part I. Concepts: 2. The West and economic rights Jack Donnelly 3. A needs-based approach to social and economic rights Wiktor Osiatynski 4. Economic rights in the knowledge economy: an instrumental justification Albino Barrera 5. 'None so poor that he is compelled to sell himself': democracy, subsistence, and basic income Michael Goodhart 6. Benchmarking the right to work Philip Harvey Part II. Measurement: 7. The status of efforts to monitor economic, social, and cultural rights Audrey R. Chapman 8. Measuring the progressive realization of economic and social rights Clair Apodaca 9. Economic rights, human development effort, and institutions Mwangi Samson Kimenyi 10. Measuring government effort to respect economic and social human rights: a peer benchmark David L. Cingranelli and David L. Richards 11. Government respect for women's economic rights: a cross-national analysis, 1981-2003 Shawna E. Sweeney Part III. Policy Issues: 12. Economic rights and extraterritorial obligations Sigrun I. Skogly and Mark Gibney 13. Millenium development goal 8: can it be an accountability framework for international human rights obligations? Sakiko Fukuda-Parr 14. The United States and international economic rights: law, social reality, and political choice David Forsythe 15. Public policy and economic rights in Ghana and Uganda Susan Dicklitch and Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann 16. Human rights as instruments of emancipation and economic development Kaushik Basu 17. Worker rights and economic development: the cases of occupational safety and health and child labor Peter Dorman.
Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome IV. Exacerbations during endodontic treatment: Part 3. A case report

Abstract An asymptomatic abscessed maxillary premolar, which had undergone previous endodontic treatment, was retreated. The initial attempt to remove the silver cone seal was unsuccessful. Early the next morning, the patient appeared with a severe cellulitis exacerbation. The silver cone was now loose: a literal “blowout.” Specific cultures of the silver cone and exudate revealed three aerobic microbes: a Streptococcus sp and two obligate Pseudomonas spp. Anaerobes were shown to be absent with anaerobic subcultures. This case would appear to substantiate the alteration of the tissue oxidation-reduction potential as the major factor in endodontic cellulitis exacerbations, as previously reported.
Finding opens with optics

As circuit densities continue their increase, Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) augments traditional test methods for assuring quality of electronic assemblies. AOI is particularly helpful in assembly lines where both sides of a board are reflowed. This most modern style of construction leads to products of unprecedented density, but also brings us difficulties with in-circuit fixturing. The loss of in-circuit fixturing has the potential to bring us products of greater cost and inferior quality. AOI offerings exist for several process steps, but by far the largest use of AOI is after solder reflow. AOI cannot eliminate all in-circuit test, but often fills the gaps left by the access deficit. AOI is also combined with flying probers and with functional testers. It is automated, and it is in the process. This is the runway on which AOI technology is gathering speed for takeoff, ultimately to become the primary choice for manufacturing inspection.
Overview of the Content of Health Supervision for Young Children: Reports From Parents and Pediatricians

Objective. To describe the content of anticipatory guidance provided to parents of infants and toddlers and to identify primary areas of unmet need as reported by both parents and pediatricians. Methods. Parent data were obtained from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health, a nationally representative sample of parents of 2068 US children aged 4 to 35 months. Pediatrician data were obtained from the Periodic Survey of Fellows, a national survey of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Results. Parents and pediatricians tend to agree on the relative ranking of which topics are most frequently addressed. Parents and pediatricians both report that the traditional topics of preventive care—immunizations, feeding issues, and sleep patterns—are most frequently discussed, whereas topics that were more recently introduced into pediatric care related to developmental needs and family context are less commonly addressed. Parent-reported discussion of these topics include reading (discussed for 61% of children 19-35 months) and child care (discussed for 26% of children 19-35 months). Parent reports of some unmet need—defined as topics not discussed that the parent believes would have been helpful to them—affect 36% of children aged 4 to 9 months and 56% of children aged 10 to 35 months and are highest for the topics of discipline strategies and toilet training. Other specific areas of unmet need reported by at least 15% of parents are burn prevention, child care, reading, vocabulary development, and social development. Rates of unmet need vary with family characteristics and health system factors, including maternal education, race/ethnicity, and length of well-child visits. Conclusion. Parents and pediatricians report high rates of discussion on many topics that are critical to healthy development in the first years of life. They also identify areas of need that largely address health supervision on developmental topics. Findings indicate that additional research is needed to understand issues related to specific topic areas as well as the dynamics of personal and system factors that determine what is discussed.
The conservation of matter—Automotive style

Abstract In the United States, although the manufacture and obsolescence of automobiles continues on a prodigious scale, strong efforts are now being made to conserve iron from cast-off vehicles and to minimize pollution of ground and air that results from discarding and scrapping automobiles. These efforts are hindered, sometimes because they are mutually conflicting, and sometimes by the interaction of market forces and legal and technological processes that are needed to make automobiles safer, to protect them as property, and to reduce pollution from the manufacture of steel. As no escape seems possible from the Law of Conservation of Matter and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Man is advised either to reassess his conflicting desires for convenience and conservation, or to consider the Moon as a repository for his wastes. Finally, some more strictly biological aspects are touched upon.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Laser Communications, A Growing Field with Great Potential

As part of the US-German NFIRE collaboration, The Aerospace Corporation developed LEO-to-ground lasercom expertise. These results will be extended in two upcoming NASA cubesat missions (OCSD and InVEST). Together these missions illustrate an interesting range of options.
Perfectionism and Loneliness as Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Asian and European Americans: Do Self-Construal Schemas Also Matter?

In the present study, we examined ethnic differences in perfectionism, loneliness, and self-construal schemas, as unique predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in a sample of 223 Asian Americans and 309 European Americans. Results of comparative analyses indicated greater concern over mistakes, parental expectations, parental criticism, doubts about actions, loneliness, and interdependence in Asian, compared to European Americans. Furthermore, results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses indicated support for a pan-ethnic model involving perfectionism and loneliness as additive predictors of both depressive and anxious symptoms across Asian and European Americans. Interestingly, across both ethnic groups, self-construal was found to augment the prediction model of depressive symptoms, but not of anxious symptoms, beyond what was accounted for by perfectionism and loneliness. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.