cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: a 40Ar/39Ar and U–Pb study

Abstract Sixty-nine ion microprobe spot analyses of zircons from four granite samples from the plutonic complex that underlies the Geysers geothermal field yield 207Pb/206Pb vs. 238U/206Pb concordia ages ranging from 1.13±0.04 Ma to 1.25±0.04 (1σ) Ma. The weighted mean of the U/Pb model ages is 1.18±0.03 Ma. The U–Pb ages coincide closely with 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum plateau and `terminal' ages from coexisting K-feldspars and with the eruption ages of overlying volcanic rocks. The data indicate that the granite crystallized at 1.18 Ma and had cooled below 350°C by ∼0.9–1.0 Ma. Interpretation of the feldspar 40Ar/39Ar age data using multi-diffusion domain theory indicates that post-emplacement rapid cooling was succeeded either by slower cooling from 350° to 300°C between 1.0 and 0.4 Ma or transitory reheating to 300–350°C at about 0.4–0.6 Ma. Subsequent rapid cooling to below 260°C between 0.4 and 0.2 Ma is in agreement with previous proposals that vapor-dominated conditions were initiated within the hydrothermal system at this time. Heat flow calculations constrained with K-feldspar thermal histories and the present elevated regional heat flow anomaly demonstrate that appreciable heat input from sources external to the known Geysers plutonic complex is required to maintain the geothermal system. This requirement is satisfied by either a large, underlying, convecting magma chamber (now solidified) emplaced at 1.2 Ma or episodic intrusion of smaller bodies from 1.2 to 0.6 Ma.
Rapid estimation of broad sense heritability of farmer-managed maize populations in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico, and implications for improvement

A method for rapid estimation of broad senseheritability (H) was applied in farmers' maize fields in two communities inOaxaca, Mexico. Plant and ear traits were documented and H estimatescompared with narrow sense heritability (h2) from family analysis andpublished estimates. Absolute values of H estimates were larger thanh2 estimates from this study and the literature. Relative ranking bytrait was the same as in the literature, though not the same as rankings ofh2 estimates generated in this study. With an understanding of itslimitations, this rapid, economical estimation procedure could provideuseful initial information especially for collaborative crop improvement workbetween researchers and farmers or farming communities on-farm, a plantbreeding context for which little empirical information is available.
Identification and characterization of an ascorbic acid transporter in human granulosa–lutein cells

Ascorbic acid serves a vital role as a pre-eminent antioxidant. In animals, it has been shown to be concentrated in granulosa and theca cells of the follicle, in luteal cells of the corpus luteum, and in the peripheral cytoplasm of the oocyte. We have previously identified hormonally-regulated ascorbic acid transporters in rat granulosa and luteal cells, and herein present preliminary evidence for the presence of a transporter for ascorbic acid in human granulosa‐lutein cells. Granulosa‐lutein cells were obtained from the follicular fluid of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Following an overnight incubation, the cells were incubated with [ 14 C]-ascorbic acid (0.15 mCi; 150 mMM) and ascorbic acid uptake was determined. The uptake of ascorbic acid was saturable with a Michaeli’s constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax )o f 21 m M and 3 pmol/10 6 cells/min respectively. Ouabain, low Na 1 medium, and dinitrophenol significantly inhibited ascorbic acid uptake (P < 0.05). Neither the presence of insulin, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I, nor IGF-II affected the uptake of ascorbic acid in a statistically significant fashion. Following saturation of cellular uptake, the ascorbic acid level was estimated to be 1.04 pmoles/10 6 cells or ~1 mM, a high concentration similar to that seen in rat luteal cells. Active ascorbic acid transport in human granulosa‐lutein cells appears to occur via a Na 1 - and energy-dependent transporter, with high levels of
Volume current method for analysis of tilted fiber gratings

An analytic approach to calculate the radiation pattern (including the wavelength dependence, azimuthal distribution, and polarization dependence) of tilted fiber phase gratings using the volume current method (VCM) is introduced in this paper. Results for both uniform and apodized fiber gratings are derived and discussed, and a brief comparison to experimental measurements from practical devices is also made.
Addendum to ‘Sharp inequalities that generalize the divergence theorem: an extension of the notion of quasi-convexity’

The paper Sharp inequalities that generalize the divergence theorem: an extension of the notion of quasi-convexity published in Proc. R. Soc. A 2013, 469, 20130075 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0075) is c...
Gene expression changes associated with fibronectin-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy

Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix protein that binds to integrin receptors and couples cardiac myocytes to the basal lamina. Cardiac FN expression is elevated in models of pressure overlo...
Making Or Buying Employees: The Relationship Between Human Resources Policy, Business Strategy And Corporate Restructuring

This study used cross level data from two different levels of management to examine the relationship between human resources policy, business strategy and corporate restructuring activities. The results suggested that corporate restructuring activities, not business strategy, accounted for a significant proportion of variance in the career patterns of managers. Organizations that had experienced more restructuring in the form of cutbacks in operations, reductions in force, voluntary terminations, and reorganizations had a remaining work force that had an external labor market orientation. These results challenge the theory of Miles & Snow (1984) and Sonnenfeld and Peiperl (1988) that suggests an organizations business strategy should be reflected in human resource policy.
What If I Do Not Get Myself Treated for Crohn’s Disease? Natural History of Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of your intestinal tract. The majority of patients with Crohn’s disease are diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. The process of inflammation in Crohn’s disease can involve any part of the intestinal tract, from the mouth to anus. Your intestinal tract is made of different layers just like layers of onion. Unlike ulcerative colitis, which involves only the inner most layer also known as mucosa, Crohn’s disease can affect all the different layers of your intestine. To date, we don’t have a cure for this inflammation, and the goal of our therapy is to suppress and keep the inflammation down and prevent the complications of the disease. If left untreated, most patients will have intermittent periods of worsening of disease called flares followed by period of feeling better called remission. Some patients can go in remission for a long time after their first flare. It is hard to determine which patients will follow that pattern. However, without treatment most patients will have repeated attacks of mild to severe symptoms with ongoing damage to the lining of the GI tract. This ongoing process of inflammation can lead to scar formation that may cause abnormal narrowing of the intestine called a stricture or abnormal communications between different parts of intestinal tract called fistulas. Fistulas may also form between the intestinal tract and other organs as the vagina and urinary bladder or to the skin. All of these lead to an increased need of surgery with recurrence afterwards. Long-term difficulty to absorb nutrition in untreated CD can also lead to severe malnutrition, anemia, dehydration, weight loss, and lack of immunity to fight infections. All these complications can be debilitating and even life threatening if not recognized and treated in timely fashion. The risk of complicated disease increases if you are diagnosed at an early age or smoke cigarettes. Different types of immunosuppressive medications are prescribed not only to bring inflammation down but also keep it suppressed with the goal to keep the symptoms away; prevent flares, hospitalization, and surgical and nutritional complications; and improve the quality of life.
Institutional Drivers, Science Politics, and Urban Climate Change Planning in Mega-Cities

As international climate change negotiations continue to stall, cities around the world are developing plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation strategies. This persistent theme in climate change policy – a lack of negotiated global action and a rise in local action – has generated a substantial body of research examining how and why local action on climate change takes place (Anguelovski and Carmin 2011; Brody et al. 2008; Bulkeley and Betsill 2003; Lubell, Zahran, and Vedlitz 2007; Romero-Lankao 2007). However, planning for climate change at the local level also requires cities to engage with new science and sources of information, such as climate projections or international best practices; cities may also generate new information of their own such as a greenhouse inventory or vulnerability assessment. Therefore, decision makers in cities must make decisions about the structure of their relationship to climate science and information as part of their climate change planning efforts. These decisions are likely to influence the content, effectiveness, and equity of urban climate change planning. Very little research has examined how cities use and produce science through their engagement in climate change planning, or the political and institutional dimensions of this use and production. There is a need to better understand the role of science in urban climate change planning and why the use and production of science in this context may be different in different cities.This paper uses a comparative study of climate change planning in Delhi and Mexico City to examine the relationship between the institutional features of urban climate change planning and the resulting structure of the science-policy interface. Both cities are national capitals with around 22 million people in their greater metropolitan areas and have developed strategies for addressing climate change. However, while both cities began to develop climate change plans around 2006, today Delhi has very low levels of institutionalization surrounding climate change planning while Mexico City has very high levels of institutionalization and has consistently prioritized institution building for climate change planning. This paper argues that this difference in the institutionalization of climate change planning has led to different science-policy structures – specifically, in the reliance on networks and boundary organizations. Further, the science-policy structures are reinforcing existing trajectories of institutionalization in the cities by strengthening or limiting government agencies’ own capacity for science-based planning. Interviews conducted with decision makers, planners, managers, NGOs, and academics from both cities as well as reports, meetings, and newspaper articles are used to support this argument. The findings provide key insights into the role of the institutional features of urban policy in constructing the science-policy interface in climate change planning.
Bone mineral density evaluation of post menopausal women who referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital BMD center

Introduction: Osteoporosis is an important public health problem. Osteoporosis characterized by low bone mass with micro architectural disruption and skeletal fragility resulting increased risk of fracture .The aim of this study was to evaluate the Bone mineral density in post menopausal women who referred to Shahid Mohamadi hospital BMD center. Methods: In this cross sectional study 404 postmenopausal women who reffered to Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, were enrolled. T score and FRAX index were calculated and demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS, using logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 45 and 44.3, respectively. Logestic regression model showed that age, opium, loss of physical activity and corticosteroid use are significant risk factors of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis in referral post menopausal women was high.
Dose and Size-Dependent Antiviral Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Feline Calicivirus, a Human Norovirus Surrogate

Abstract Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial agents are incorporated in many consumer products, while the use as antiviral agents is an ongoing area of research. We evaluated the antiviral properties of AgNPs of variable sizes (10, 75, and 110 nm) and doses (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) at different contact time points against feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate for norovirus. Materials and Methods: Antiviral effects of the AgNPs were determined by comparing the infectivity of FCV, the appearance of cytopathic effects (CPEs), and the integrity of the viral capsid protein in viral suspension treated with AgNPs with the untreated controls. Results: The 10 nm AgNPs at 50 and 100 μg/mL concentrations inactivated the FCV beyond the limit of detection, resulting in a decrease of up to 6.5 log10 viral titer, prevented development of CPEs, and reduction in the western blot band signal of the viral capsid protein. No significant antiviral effect was observed for the 75 and 110 nm AgNPs. Conclusio...
‘Turcos’ and ‘Chinos’ in El Salvador: orientalizing ethno-racialization and the transforming dynamics of national belonging

ABSTRACTIn the immediate aftermath of El Salvador’s civil war (1980–1992), there arose fresh attention to questions of national culture, history, and identity. Postwar official textbooks and museums emphasized mestizaje (defined here as the historical mixing of Spanish and Indigenous populations that accompanied the colonial experience). The discourse of mestizaje, based on an idealized vision of an integrated national population, not only eclipsed the ongoing presence of Indigenous populations, but also excluded other groups that make up El Salvador’s diversity. With a focus on Palestinian and Chinese migrations to El Salvador, this article juxtaposes their general absence from early official postwar representations of the nation and their vernacular identification as ‘turcos’ and ‘chinos’ – identifiers that Orientalize and racialize while conferring erroneous ideas about ethnic identity. I report on new civil society and state-led efforts that strive to valorize Indigenous, Palestinian, Chinese, and Afr...
A comparison of three general anesthesia techniques in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy

Objective To compare the induction, maintenance and recovery pattern of sevoflurane inhalation, sevoflurane inhalation supplemented with remifentanil infusion and propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Methods Sixty hospitalized children aged 2～12 years undergoing adenoidectomy and (or) tonsillectomy were randomly allocated to 3 groups: In group S, the anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane; in group SR, the anethesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil, maintained with sevoflurane inhalation supplemented with remifentainl; in group PR, the anesthesia was induced and maintained with continuous intravenous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. All of the patients were administered with optimal doses of relaxtant to facilitate tracheal intubation after disappearance of eye lash reflex. The induction time, tracheal intubation time, extubation time, eyes opening time, consciousness recovery time, hemodynamic characteristics, and adverse events in the three groups were evaluated. Results The induction time in the three group was (90±16)s, (46±22)s and ( 51±14)s, (P﹤0.01) respectively. The time to intubation, extubation, eyes opening, and consciousness recovery were similar in the three groups, (P﹥0.05). Twelve cases (60%) had tachycardia and 1 case had hypertension in the S group, and 2 cases (5%,P﹤0.01 compare to group S)with tachycardia, 4 cases (10%)with bradycardia, and 9 cases (22.5%)with hypotension were found in the SR and PR group during the period of induction and intubation. The mean blood pressure after induction decreased(P﹤0.05), and the heart rate after the beginning of the procedure incrased(P﹤0.01), compared to the base line in all of the three goups with group S varied the most. Emergency agitation were observed in 16 cases (80%), 10 cases (50%), and 6 cases (30%) in group S, SR, and PR respectively, (P﹤0.01). Conclusions The induction and recovery is rapid and smooth in all three groups. Compared with total sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia, sevoflurane inhalation supplemented with remifentanil infusion, and propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia are associated with more stable hemodynamics, less emergency agitation, so are more suitable for the adenotonsillectomy in children.
Population-based risks for cancer in patients with ALS

Objective: To estimate the risks for cancer (overall and site-specific) in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cohort. Methods: In this observational longitudinal study, ALS and cancer cases were identified in a computerized Utah genealogy database (Utah Population Database) linked to a statewide cancer registry and death certificates. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated as the ratio of observed to expected number of cancers. Site-specific rates for cancer were estimated within the Utah Population Database; sex, birth year (5-year range), and birth state (Utah or not) cohorts were used to estimate the expected number of cancers among ALS cases. To account for an overall shortened lifespan, Cox regression was used to include years at risk in estimation of cancer risks for ALS cases. Results: An overall decreased hazard (hazard ratio [HR] 0.80, p = 0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.96) was found for cancer of any site in 1,081 deceased patients with ALS. A decreased hazard was found for lung cancer (HR 0.23, p = 0.002, CI 0.05–0.63). An increased hazard was found for salivary (HR 5.27, p = 0.041, 95% CI 1.09–15.40) and testicular (HR 3.82, p = 0.042, 95% CI 1.06–9.62) cancers. A nonsignificant hazard was observed for cutaneous malignant melanoma (HR 1.62, p = 0.12, 95% CI 0.88–2.71) for which increased risk has previously been reported. Conclusions: Using a unique population database, the overall risk of cancer of any site was found to be significantly reduced in cases with ALS, as was the risk of lung cancer. Significantly increased risk was observed for salivary and testicular cancers.
Advancing virtual patient simulations through design research and inter PLAY : part II—integration and field test

In Part I of this two-part series, we examined the design and development of NERVE: A virtual patient simulation created to give medical students standardized experiences in interviewing, examining, and diagnosing virtual patients with cranial nerve disorders. We illustrated key design features and discussed how design-based research studies improved the total learning experience, including the virtual patient (VP) simulations and the instructional features incorporated with the simulations. In Part II, we examine the efficacy of NERVE and the strategy used to integrate the system into the medical school curriculum by field-testing it with 119 s-year medical students, and measuring students’ use, reactions, learning, and transfer. We report findings and reflect on lessons learned from the field-test to posit recommendations for improvement and guide the future research and development of virtual patient simulations.
Simple Array Beam-Shaping Using Phase-Only Adjustments.

Conventional beam-shaping for array antennas is accomplished via an amplitude-taper on the elemental radiators. It is well known that proper manipulation of the elemental phases can also shape the antenna far-field pattern. A fairly simple transformation from a desired amplitude-taper to a phase-taper can yield nearly equivalent results.
Distributed Algorithms for Planar Networks I: Planar Embedding

This paper presents the first (non-trivial) distributed planar embedding algorithm. We consider this a crucial first step in a broader program to design efficient distributed algorithms for planar networks. We work in the standard distributed model in which nodes can send an O(log n)-bit message to each of their neighbors per round. In a planar network, with n nodes and diameter D, our deterministic planar embedding algorithm uses O(D dot min{log n, D) rounds to compute a combinatorial planar embedding, which consists of each node knowing the clockwise order of its incident edges in a fixed planar drawing. The complexity of our algorithm is near-optimal and matches the trivial lower bound of Omega(D) up to a log n factor. No algorithm outperforming the trivial round complexity of O(n) was known prior to this work.
The Effects of Human Trample Damage on Lithics: A Consideration of Crucial Variables

This paper reports the results of an experiment that was partially designed to test Tringham et al.’s (1974:113) criteria for trample damage. More importantly, it produces a comprehensive model of ...
Association Between Serum MicroRNAs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Multiple Sclerosis Severity.

Importance MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarkers. Establishing the association between miRNAs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease severity will help define their significance and potential impact. Objective To correlate circulating miRNAs in the serum of patients with MS to brain and spinal MRI. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study comparing serum miRNA samples with MRI metrics was conducted at a tertiary MS referral center. Two independent cohorts (41 and 79 patients) were retrospectively identified from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Expression of miRNA was determined by locked nucleic acid–based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test the association between miRNA and brain lesions (T2 hyperintense lesion volume [T2LV]), the ratio of T1 hypointense lesion volume [T1LV] to T2LV [T1:T2]), brain atrophy (whole brain and gray matter), and cervical spinal cord lesions (T2LV) and atrophy. The study was conducted from December 2013 to April 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures miRNA expression. Results Of the 120 patients included in the study, cohort 1 included 41 participants (7 [17.1%] men), with mean (SD) age of 47.7 (9.5) years; cohort 2 had 79 participants (26 [32.9%] men) with a mean (SD) age of 43.0 (7.5) years. Associations between miRNAs and MRIs were both protective and pathogenic. Regarding miRNA signatures, a topographic specificity differed for the brain vs the spinal cord, and the signature differed between T2LV and atrophy/destructive measures. Four miRNAs showed similar significant protective correlations with T1:T2 in both cohorts, with the highest for hsa.miR.143.3p (cohort 1: Spearman correlation coefficient r s = −0.452, P = .003; cohort 2: r s = −0.225, P = .046); the others included hsa.miR.142.5p (cohort 1: r s = −0.424, P = .006; cohort 2: r s = −0.226, P = .045), hsa.miR.181c.3p (cohort 1: r s = −0.383, P = .01; cohort 2: r s = −0.222, P = .049), and hsa.miR.181c.5p (cohort 1: r s = −0.433, P = .005; cohort 2: r s = −0.231, P = .04). In the 2 cohorts, hsa.miR.486.5p (cohort 1: r s = 0.348, P = .03; cohort 2: r s = 0.254, P = .02) and hsa.miR.92a.3p (cohort 1: r s = 0.392, P = .01; cohort 2: r s = 0.222, P = .049) showed similar significant pathogenic correlations with T1:T2; hsa.miR.375 (cohort 1: r s = −0.345, P = .03; cohort 2: r s = −0.257, P = .022) and hsa.miR.629.5p (cohort 1: r s = −0.350, P = .03; cohort 2: r s = −0.269, P = .02) showed significant pathogenic correlations with brain atrophy. Although we found several miRNAs associated with MRI outcomes, none of these associations remained significant when correcting for multiple comparisons, suggesting that further validation of our findings is needed. Conclusions and Relevance Serum miRNAs may serve as MS biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and act as surrogate markers to identify underlying disease processes.
Conditional Network Assembly and Targeted Protein Retention via Environmentally Responsive, Engineered β-Roll Peptides

Stimulus-responsive biomaterials have applications in many areas of biotechnology, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and bioelectrocatalysis. The intrinsically disordered repeat-in-toxin (RTX) domain is a conformationally dynamic peptide that gains β-roll secondary structure when bound to calcium ions. A smart hydrogel platform was constructed by genetically fusing two rationally designed mutant RTX domains: first, a mutant peptide with hydrophobic interfaces capable of calcium-dependent network assembly, and second, another mutant that conditionally binds the model target protein lysozyme. In this way, the calcium-induced control over the secondary structure of the β-roll peptide was exploited to regulate both the cross-linking and lysozyme-binding functionalities. The constructed biomaterial exhibited calcium-dependent gelation and target molecule retention, and erosion experiments showed that β-roll peptides with a higher affinity for lysozyme produced more robust hydrogel networks. This work ...
State of the states 2009: Renewable energy development and the role of policy

As U.S. states increasingly focus on developing renewable energy resources, there is a need to track the progress of development, as well as the policies and support mechanisms being implemented to encourage this development. Beyond tracking, the evaluation of policy measures is necessary to determine their effectiveness, guide future efforts, and efficiently allocate resources. This report addresses each of these needs. It provides a detailed picture of the status of renewable energy development in each of the U.S. states using a variety of metrics and discusses the policies being used to encourage this development. The report then explores the context in which renewable energy development occurs by discussing the factors that can affect the uptake of power generation technologies. The analysis offers suggestions on how policies can be used to address these variables, which leads to tailored policy support that considers the specific circumstances within each state. The analysis presents results of several quantitative evaluation methods that have been designed to explore the link between policy implementation and actual development. Finally, the report discusses contextual factors, aside from policy, that affect renewable energy development. The report concludes with a summary of the main points from each chapter, discussion of nextmore » steps, and a list of resources.« less
From synchronous neuronal discharges to subjective awareness

For practical clinical purposes, as well as because of their deep philosophical implications, it becomes increasingly important to be aware of contemporary studies of the brain mechanisms that generate subjective experiences. Current research has progressed to the point where plausible theoretical proposals can be made about the neurophysiological and neurochemical processes which mediate perception and sustain subjective awareness. An adequate theory of consciousness must describe how information about the environment is encoded by the exogenous system, how memories are stored in the endogenous system and released appropriately for the present circumstances, how the exogenous and endogenous systems interact to produce perception, and explain how consciousness arises from that interaction. Evidence assembled from a variety of neuroscience areas, together with the invariant reversible electrophysiological changes observed with loss and return of consciousness in anesthesia as well as distinctive quantitative electroencephalographic profiles of various psychiatric disorders, provides an empirical foundation for this theory of consciousness. This evidence suggests the need for a paradigm shift to explain how the brain accomplishes the transformation from synchronous and distributed neuronal discharges to seamless global subjective awareness. This chapter undertakes to provide a detailed description and explanation of these complex processes by experimental evidence marshaled from a wide variety of sources.
On Finite-Depth Wind-Wave Generation and Dissipation

The results from the finite-depth transient wave growth and dissipation event discussed in this paper demonstrate the sensitivity of the finite-depth parameter, kph, in the study of shallow-water wave generation and show that wind-wave spectra and their associated scaled parameters differ most from their deep-water counterparts when kph ⩽ 0.75. Even a small Doppler shift was shown to cause very rapid changes in the spectrum (and its associated spectral parameters). Energy overshoot was found to be important in the growth of the wave spectrum. There were, for three frequency components, two significant exponential growth periods each followed by energy overshoot which, though not as pronounced as the exponential growth, was consistent with all the transient-event spectral-parameter data and therefore assumed to be real. The second and predominant overshoot was associated with a significant shift in the forward face and peak of the spectrum to lower frequencies and a reduction in the peak spectral density in the manner suggested by Phillips (1977). This overshoot, furthermore, occurred when kph ≈ 0.67 [where the resonant response rate has been calculated by Hasselmann and Hasselmann (1980) to be greater by a factor of more than 3 than the deepwater rate], so was probably the result of resonant interactions. The spectral peak moved back toward higher frequencies during a period when wind speed was nearly constant, h<92 cm and kph ⩽ 0.75. Initially, this movement (accompanied by a general decrease in wave-height variance) was apparently the result of enhanced resonant interactions; as h dropped below 85 cm, however, the movement and variance decrease was more likely the result of greatly increased dissipation by percolation in the coarse sand near shore and bottom friction at midshelf. Finally, the repeated evidence of enhanced resonant interactions suggests that new criteria more applicable to finite-depth wave generation be established for determining the importance of these interactions.
The Dugouts/Our Blue Angel

I read poems, most immediately & personally, on two levels. The first is em pathetic; I'm fascinated with what James Agee calls "the mystery and weight and dignity" of other lives. Every poem, no matter how mannered, is a human voice which longs for company. Here, poems gather around sentences which are personal revelation and books around those poems which are most authentic. I like some poems & many books on this basis: that, ultimately, their style & content are imbued with the poet's character. Like every experience that alters me, they are intimate. But a second sensibility enters here: the ultimate variety & boredom of re sponse to other lives asks that I respect the poet's professionalism. This aesthetic judgment is the more personal one. I want a poem to be a serious entertainment;
Clinical Aspects of Imatinib Therapy

Imatinib is an inhibitor of the ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, and KIT tyrosine kinases. Given the pathogenetic role of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia, this was the first disease selected for clinical trials with imatinib. In the clinical trials, patients in all phases of the disease responded to imatinib and experienced minimal toxicity. Responses in patients with chronic phase disease have been durable, thus far. Clinical trials with imatinib were expanded and there are now examples of malignancies driven by each of the targets of imatinib where remarkable results have been seen. The rationale for the use of imatinib in these various diseases and the clinical trial results will be reviewed.
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid During Wakefulness, Sleep and After Electrical Stimulation of Specific Brain Structures

Jouvet has implicated 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) in the regulation of slow-wave sleep (SWS). He and his co-workers showed that subtotal destruction of the raphe nuclei decreased the level of 5-HT in the brain and led to a state of severe insomnia (Jouvet et al., 1966) and that the injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), which inhibits 5-HT synthesis, produced similar results (Delorme et al., 1966). This effect was reversed by administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of 5-HT, which restored SWS and paradoxical sleep (PS).
Sleep in Older Adults: Normative Changes, Sleep Disorders, and Treatment Options

Approximately 5% of older adults meet criteria for clinically significant insomnia disorders and 20% for sleep apnea syndromes. It is important to distinguish age-appropriate changes in sleep from clinically significant insomnia, with the latter having associated daytime impairments. Non-pharmacologic therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, can be highly effective with sustained benefit. Pharmacologic therapies are also available, but may be associated with psychomotor effects. A high index of suspicion is crucial for effective diagnosis of sleep apnea because symptoms commonly noted in younger patients, such as obesity or loud snoring, may not be present in older patients.
Application of pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria for initial outpatient evaluation of asymptomatic patients with abnormal electrocardiograms.

Introduction In the pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) in an asymptomatic patient has been rated as an "Appropriate" indication for transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). We hypothesized that the yield of abnormal findings on TTE for this indication will be low. Methods All asymptomatic patients (≤ 18 years) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 who underwent initial outpatient evaluation at our center and had a TTE ordered for an abnormal ECG, were included. Clinic records were reviewed to obtain ECG and TTE findings. Results Of the 199 study patients, 13 (6.5%) had abnormal findings. Incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) had the highest yield of abnormal TTE findings (7/28), with secundum atrial septal defect being the most common (5/7); (Odds ratio (OR) compared to other ECG findings 9.2, 95% CI (2.8-29.9), P Conclusions The yield of abnormal findings on TTE when performed for the AUC indication for an abnormal ECG in asymptomatic pediatric patients is low except when performed for ECG abnormalities suggestive of right heart disease such as IRBBB, right axis deviation, or right ventricular hypertrophy. Future revisions of the AUC document could consider further stratification of this indication and corresponding appropriateness ratings based on ECG findings rather than combining into one broad category.
Making just school assignments

Abstract It is impossible for a mechanism to be strategyproof, Pareto efficient, and eliminate justified envy. However, little is known to what extent a strategyproof and efficient mechanism can limit justified envy. We define an assignment to be unjust if a student i is not assigned to a school a that she prefers to her own assignment, i has higher priority at a than some student j who is assigned to a , and none of the students ranked higher at a than i are dependent on j . We prove that Top Trading Cycles is the unique mechanism that is strategyproof, efficient, and just. This demonstrates that a strictly stronger notion of fairness than justness is either unachievable by a strategyproof and efficient mechanism or it is only achievable by TTC. We extend this characterization to the general case when schools may have arbitrary capacities by introducing the concept of reducibility.
Understanding the sources of anti-Americanism in the Russian elite

This paper applies the model of opinion formation developed by John Zaller to the study of anti-American attitudes in the Russian elite. It examines the relative weight of political predispositions...
Mass measurement based calibration of a capacitive sensor to measure void fraction for R134a in smooth tubes.

Abstract This paper presents a new capacitive sensor built and used to measure void fraction of both horizontal and vertical upward flow in the low mass flux range in circular tubes with an inner diameter of 7 mm. Three sensors with different axial lengths (D, 2D/3, and D/2) are built and evaluated to examine the possibility of utilizing shorter sensors in applications with space limitations. Results show all three sensors have the capability to measure void fraction. Due to the nonlinear relation between capacitive signals and void fraction, a calibration procedure based on mass measurement (quick-closing valve technique, QCV) is proposed. After the calibration procedure, most void fraction data measured by the sensor falls into the ±15% deviations of the experimental results by QCV for horizontal flow and ±10% for vertical upward flow. Sensors with the same design can be utilized directly to measure void fraction for the similar test conditions in the future studies.
Phases of two adjoints QCD 3 and a duality chain

We analyze the 2+1 dimensional gauge theory with two fermions in the real ad-joint representation with non-zero Chern-Simons level. We propose a new fermion-fermion dualities between strongly-coupled theories and determine the quantum phase using the structure of a ‘Duality Chain’. We argue that when Chern-Simons level is sufficiently small, the theory in general develops a strongly coupled quantum phase described by an emergent topological field theory. For special cases, our proposal predicts an interesting dynamical scenario with spontaneous breaking of partial 1-form or 0-form global symmetry. It turns out that SL(2, ℤ) transformation and the generalized level/rank duality are crucial for the unitary group case. We further unveil the dynamics of the 2+1 dimensional gauge theory with any pair of adjoint/rank-two fermions or two bifundamental fermions using similar ‘Duality Chain’.
The Dynamic of Poverty and Affluence in Child Adoption

and Keywords This chapter examines connections among poverty, adoption, and child outcomes in (1) child welfare adoptions, (2) domestic private adoptions, and (3) international adoptions. We discuss ways in which poverty plays a central role in the movement of children from their birth families to adoptive families and argue that adoption is a powerful intervention in the lives of children whose development might have been at risk because of poverty. Because adoption involves a legal relationship, it must be considered within the national context in which the relevant laws and policies are situated. Therefore, this chapter focuses on adoption in the United States. Each of the three primary sections includes a brief overview and history of that type of adoption in the United States followed by a discussion of current policies linking poverty, adoption, and child outcomes. Implications for practice and policy are presented, and future directions for the field are suggested.
Lightwave terahertz quantum manipulation of nonequilibrium superconductor phases and their collective modes

We present a gauge-invariant density matrix description of nonequilibrium superconductor (SC) states with spatial and temporal correlations driven by intense terahertz (THz) lightwaves. We derive superconductor Bloch-Maxwell equations of motion that extend Anderson pseudospin models to include the Cooper pair center-of-mass motion and electromagnetic propagation effects. We thus describe quantum control of dynamical phases, collective modes, quasiparticle coherence, and high nonlinearities during cycles of carrier wave oscillations, which relates to our recent experiments. Coherent photogeneration of a nonlinear supercurrent with a dc component, achieved via condensate acceleration by an effective lightwave field, dynamically breaks the equilibrium inversion symmetry. Experimental signatures include high harmonic light emission at equilibrium-symmetry-forbidden frequencies, Rabi-Higgs collective modes and quasiparticle coherence, and nonequilibrium moving condensate states tuned by few-cycle THz fields. We use such lightwaves as an oscillating accelerating force that drives strong nonlinearities and anisotropic quasiparticle populations to control and amplify different classes of collective modes, e.g., damped oscillations, persistent oscillations, and overdamped dynamics via Rabi flopping. Recent phase-coherent nonlinear spectroscopy experiments can be modeled by solving the full nonlinear quantum dynamics including self-consistent light-matter coupling.
Trace explosive residue detection of HMX and RDX in post-detonation dust from an open-air environment.

Abstract Explosives are often used in industry, geology, mining, and other applications, but it is not always clear what remains after a detonation or the fate and transport of any residual material. The goal of this study was to determine to what extent intact molecules of high explosive (HE) compounds are detectable and quantifiable from post-detonation dust and particulates in a field experiment with varied topography. We focused on HMX (1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), which is less studied in field detonation literature, as the primary explosive material and RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) as the secondary material. The experiment was conducted at Site 300, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Experimental Test Site, in California, USA. Two 20.4 kg and one 40.8 kg above ground explosions (primarily comprised of LX-14, an HMX-based polymer-bonded high explosive) were detonated on an open-air firing area on separate days. The complex terrain of the firing area (e.g., buildings, berm, low-height obstacles) was advantageous to study HE deposition in relation to plume dynamics. Three types of samples were collected up to 100 m away from each shot: surface swipes of aluminum plates, surface swipes of fixed objects, and filters from air samples. We used atmospheric flow tube-mass spectrometry (AFT-MS) to quantify picogram levels of molecular residue of HE material in the post-detonation dust. An aliquot of sample extract in methanol (e.g., 1 μL of 0.5 mL) was placed onto a resistive material and then thermally desorbed into the AFT-MS. We successfully detected and quantified both HMX and RDX in many of the samples. Based on mass (pg) detected and solution dilution, we back-calculated the mass collected on the swipe or filter (ng per sample). The aerial distribution of molecular residue was consistent with the path of the plume, which was strongly determined by wind speed and direction at the time of each shot. The quantity of material detected appeared to correlate more with distance from the shot and the wind conditions than with shot size. This study demonstrates that the picogram detection levels of AFT-MS are well-suited for quantification of analytes (e.g., HMX and RDX) in environmental samples.
Adapting Pathway Programs to the Virtual World: Insights from the Chicago EYES on Cancer Response to COVID-19-Related Disruptions to Training

Since spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted development of the next generation of cancer researchers and physicians, forcing pathway programs across the nation to cancel, postpone or reinvent education and training activities. Accordingly, the University of Chicago’s Chicago EYES on Cancer program was converted to a fully-online format, which prioritized flexibility for the 26 high school and undergraduate trainees, from underrepresented backgrounds, who were eligible to participate. Evaluation data suggest that the program’s redesign successfully preserved trainees’ access to intellectual, social and financial support despite the pandemic, with 88% of trainees meeting, and most exceeding, program requirements. Data also suggest positive outcomes for trainees, particularly with regard to their understanding of careers in biomedicine, their commitment to and confidence in planning for a research career, and their readiness and self-confidence as researchers. In the immediate term, our experiences offer practical insights for our colleagues similarly challenged to provide high-quality cancer research training within the context of COVID. In the long term, the success of our online programming can be leveraged to extend online enrichment opportunities to program alumni, partner schools and other priority groups as a permanent component of the Comprehensive Cancer Center’s broad cancer education strategy.
Tai Chi, Qigong, and the Treatment of Hypertension

Qigong and tai chi are both considered tools in the toolbox of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Qigong has been in existence for thousands of years, whereas tai chi is of a more recent origin. Both are considered low-impact exercises that have numerous health benefits. The present article reviews some studies on the treatment of hypertension and high blood pressure using one or both of these tools of TCM. Numerous studies have found that tai chi and qigong exercises can have a significant positive impact on blood pressure, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels.
Probable Graft-Versus-Graft Reaction

In Reply.— Buckner points out the difficulty in distinguishing a generalized viral infection from a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) on a clinical basis in the immunologically deficient infant. This was the initial differential diagnosis raised in our recent case report1 of an infant believed to have GVHR following an exchange transfusion. Although the presence of donor lymphocytes could not be documented in the blood by HLA typing in our case, we believe the evidence strongly favors the diagnosis of a GVHR rather than a generalized viral infection.
Engaging Citizens: The Role of Power-Sharing Institutions

Drawing on established theories of comparative political institutions, we argue that democratic institutions carry important messages that influence mass attitudes and behaviors. Power-sharing political institutions signal to citizens that inclusiveness is an important principle of a country’s democracy and can encourage citizens to participate in politics. Applying multilevel modeling to data from the World Values Survey, we test whether democratic institutions influence political engagement in 34 countries. Further, we examine whether underrepresented groups, specifically women, are differentially affected by the use of power-sharing institutions such that they are more engaged in politics than women in countries with power-concentrating institutions. We find that disproportional electoral rules dampen engagement overall and that gender gaps in political engagement tend to be smaller in more proportional electoral systems, even after controlling for a host of other factors. Power-sharing institutions ca...
Structure of Nonpremixed CH4/N02 Flames

Abstract The structure of nonpremixed CH4/N02 flames is investigated for various values of the strain rate and pressure. Numerical calculations are performed using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism comprising 137 reactions among 33 species, a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism comprising 92 reactions among 25 species and reduced chemical-kinetic mechanism comprising 10 and 7 overall reactions. The skeletal mechanism is derived from the detailed mechanism, and the reduced mechanisms are derived from the skeletal mechanism. Chemical reactions in the flame are found to take place in three regions-a fuel-consumption region, a N03 - consumption region and a product-formation region. In the fuel-consumption region the predominant reactions taking place are those between the fuel and the radicals to form the intermediate compounds H2 and CO. In the N02 - consumption region the predominant reactions are between the N02 and radicals to form the intermediate compounds NO and 02. In the product-formation region...