cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Misclassification of bicuspid aortic valves is common and varies by imaging modality and patient characteristics.

Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent adult congenital heart defect. BAV causes lifelong progressive disease that can be prevented by early diagnosis and long-term surveillance, but may be compromised by misclassification of valve morphology. Methods The study population was derived from the UTHealth Bicuspid Aortic Valve Registry, which includes serial images on more than 200 participants over a mean follow-up interval of 2.8 years. We abstracted descriptions of aortic valve morphology from transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography reports. We used chi-square and t tests to determine associations between reported valve morphologies (definitely bicuspid, possibly bicuspid, tricuspid, or uncertain) and clinical characteristics and assessed image quality using a validated tool. Results About 40% of participants were misclassified in at least one imaging report. The mean interval between misclassification and correct diagnosis was 22 months. TEE, MR and CT were more sensitive than TTE and successfully reclassified 20% of participants, but were only used in 14% of patients. Misclassification was associated with age, the extent of valve calcification and image quality, but was not significantly associated with aortic regurgitation, gender, or cusp configuration. Conclusion Misclassification of BAV is prevalent, frequently leads to delayed diagnosis, and is more likely to occur in the most severely affected cases. TEE, CT and MR may increase diagnostic accuracy in up to half of BAV cases but are underutilized. Additional studies are needed to determine if misclassification of BAV patients leads to increased long-term morbidity and mortality.
The Green New Deal: A Ten-Year Window to Reshape International Economic Law?

This Roosevelt Institute working paper argues that the Green New Deal is more internationalist than is commonly thought. Surveying its five goals, 14 projects, and 15 requirements, the author argues that the majority of them are explicitly international in scope or can be extended so that they have an international component. It then proposes a ten-year suspension of trading rules and conversion of the trading system to enable a global Green New Deal to take root.
Community-Based Funding and Budgeting: Participatory Budgeting as a Transformative Act

Jung Min Choi, John W. Murphy, Ramsey Dahab, and Charlene Holkenbrink-Monk, in this chapter, explore the issue of funding and budgeting. Often funds are directed to community organizations in ways that are either irrelevant or difficult to use. Additionally, budgets are formulated by agencies that are disconnected from the communities where services are needed. Community-based funding and budgeting, accordingly, are beginning to receive serious attention. Communities, accordingly, are given the latitude in some cases to establish budgets and spending strategies, along with identifying and pursuing sources of funds that are consistent ethically with these priorities and desires. Community-based funding and budgeting, in this way, are vital to supporting interventions in a community-sensitive manner.
Unlocking the door for ERAD.

Misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are returned to the cytosol and destroyed by a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Hrd1 has been implicated as the channel that mediates the transport of ERAD substrates to the cytosol. A study demonstrates that Hrd1 is gated by autoubiquitination and a soluble ERAD substrate.
The evolution of behavioral loyalty and customer lifetime value over time: investigation from a Casino Loyalty Program

Despite the widespread usage of loyalty programs across various businesses in the hospitality industry, its effectiveness is still being questioned. Thus, it is meaningful for hospitality marketers to evaluate the effectiveness of their loyalty programs to increase profitability and this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a loyalty program. Specifically, this study examines the evolution of behavioral loyalty from a longitudinal perspective and observes whether loyalty program members produce positive customer lifetime value. This study obtains secondary data from a casino and hotel resort and performs time series ordinary least squares (OLS) modeling and study results support the research hypotheses. This study contributes to the understanding of the relation between a loyalty program and a firm’s profitability. It provides practical insights to hospitality marketers on how to manage loyalty programs more proficiently.
Treatment for congenital lower lid entropion in children

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis and surgical methods of congenital lower eyelid entropion in children.Methods The study included 204 eyes of 102 cases of pediatric congenital lower eyelid entropion who were aged 1.5 to 15 years old.They accepted different surgical procedures based on their clinical manifestations.Results Twelve eyes of 6 cases with slight lower eyelid entropion and eyelash position without change when the eyeballs moved were treated by inferior fomix based suture placement.Seven cases (14 eyes) also had slight lower eyelid entropion.When they looked forward,the eyelash did not contact the cornea.They accepted inferior rectus sheath dissection.Ninety eyes (45 cases)were corrected by inferior rectus sheath dissection combined with inferior fomix bases suture placement,who had mild to severe lower eyelid entropion and lower eyelid entropion became worse when look downward.Eyelid skin resection combined with orbicularis muscle resection (Hotz methods) were performed on 42 cases (84 eyes) who had mild to severe lower eyelid entropion with the location of eyelashes would not change when they moved the eyeballs.There were 4 eyes of 2 cases only accepted epicanthoplasty.The follow up was from 3 months to 1 year after the operation.The lower eyelid entropion was completely corrected in 97.05％ of patients.Trichiasis was observed in 2.95％ of cases.Conclusion Congenital lower eyelid entropion in children should be treated by individual surgical procedures based on its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations to achieve the optimal clinical efficacy. Key words: Entropion , congenital; Dissection, sheath, inferior rectus
Depressive Symptoms Prospectively Predict Peer Victimization: A Longitudinal Study Among Adolescent Females.

Research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between peer victimization, a major issue in early adolescence, and depression. However, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms have yielded mixed results. Thus, the current study examined how specific aspects of peer victimization and subtypes of depressive symptoms are related over a two-year period. Adolescent females (N = 265) completed a questionnaire battery at baseline and two-year follow-up. Results indicated that baseline depressive symptoms prospectively predict peer overt victimization, relational victimization, and decreased prosocial behaviors at follow-up; baseline peer victimization did not predict depressive symptoms at follow-up. Further, results demonstrate the differential predictive value of specific depressive symptoms for overt vs. relational aggression and decreased prosocial behavior. Taken together, this study provides insight into the impact of depressive symptoms on peer victimization and the importance of addressing peer relations in the context of treatment for adolescent depression.
Endovascular Therapy for SVC Syndrome – A Systematic Review

Objective: Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is caused by the obstruction of the SVC and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In contemporary practice, endovascular therapy (ET) has become the standard of care for a majority of these patients. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to assess the contemporary outcomes of SVC syndrome following endovascular intervention. Methods: For this meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic literature review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception to September 25, 2020 for studies on ET for SVC syndrome. Studies included full-length journal articles on the use of ET among adults with SVC syndrome. Case reports or case series with fewer than 20 patients were excluded. We evaluated the endpoints of technical success rate, restenosis rate, and recurrence rates in SVC syndrome patients after endovascular stenting. The results of this study were calculated using random-effects models. Findings: We identified 5730 reports, of which 38 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. A total of 2158 patients received ET for SVC syndrome. The weighted technical success rate was 98.9% (95% CI 98.3-99.4), restenosis rate was 10.6% (95% CI 8.5–12.8), and recurrence rate was 10.3% (95% CI 7.6–12.9). Complication rates were 7.35 ± 0.0786%. Interpretation Our systematic review revealed high technical success, low restenosis, and low recurrence rates following ET. Collectively, these results support the paradigm of ET as an effective and safe treatment for patients with SVC syndrome. Funding: None Declaration of Interest: Dr. Riyaz Bashir has an equity interest in Thrombolex Inc. All other authors have no competing interests to disclose.
Physiological relevance of post-translational regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1

BubR1 is an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) during mitosis where it functions to prevent anaphase onset to ensure proper chromosome alignment and kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Loss or mutation of BubR1 results in aneuploidy that precedes various potential pathologies, including cancer and mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA). BubR1 is also progressively downregulated with age and has been shown to be directly involved in the aging process through suppression of cellular senescence. Post-translational modifications, including but not limited to phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, play a critical role in the temporal and spatial regulation of BubR1 function. In this review, we discuss the currently characterized post-translational modifications to BubR1, the enzymes involved, and the biological consequences to BubR1 functionality and implications in diseases associated with BubR1. Understanding the molecular mechanisms promoting these modifications and their roles in regulating BubR1 is important for our current understanding and future studies of BubR1 in maintaining genomic integrity as well as in aging and cancer.
Management Capacity, Financial Resources, and Organizational Performance: Evidence from State Transportation Agencies

Scholars have shown the importance of financial resources to organizational performance. More money should enhance performance. However, this predicted link between funding and performance is often...
Diapause Termination in Invasive Populations of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Response to Photoperiod.

Understanding cues for diapause termination in insects can be valuable in predicting phenological events in their lifecycles. Once identified, such cues can be utilized as a biofix, the point at which the majority of individuals within a population begin to accumulate degree days. We investigated the impact of photoperiod on completion of reproductive diapause in the invasive eastern North American population of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), by exposing diapausing females to varying light regimes in otherwise identical environments. The critical photoperiod estimated to initiate reproductive development in at least 50% of the potential reproductive population was 13.0-13.5 h, with increasing photoperiods coinciding with increased probability of females reproducing, earlier time to first oviposition, and higher rates of fecundity. These data on the species' response to photoperiod are in agreement with previous modeling that predicted the twin constraints of photoperiod and temperature on H. halys reproduction prevents populations that undergo diapause from producing more than two generations annually anywhere within the continental U.S. However, the facultative nature of diapause in H. halys leaves open the possibility that sub-populations may not enter diapause in some conditions, potentially allowing for additional annual generations.
Vibration Characteristics of a 100 Hz TADOPTR

Tektronix Inc., Los Alamos National Laboratory and the National Institute of Standards and Technology have successfully collaborated in building and testing a 100 Hz thermoacoustic driver (TAD) and orifice pulse tube refrigerator (OPTR) that demonstrated a 10 W cooling capacity at 110 K. The mating of the TAD and the OPTR resulted in some surprising vibration behavior that had to be understood and addressed before further work could be done. In this paper we present the results of our analysis and a description of the solution. We also present evidence that an extension mode in the TAD with an unusually low frequency was excited. The tools and techniques used to understand what was taking place in the TADOPTR structure and to determine how the acoustic energy was coupled to the structure are also described. This case study underscores the importance and value of even first order structural analysis of experimental machines so their response to stimuli can be included in the design process.
The WTO agreement and telecommunications policy reform

Every country serious about introducing competition finds that the transition from monopoly to competition is both economically rewarding and laden with policy dilemmas. As a new century begins, we have an essentially new market for telecommunications. Digital technology forced a re-examination of the opportunity costs of protecting traditional telecommunications equipment and service suppliers. An inefficient market for telecommunications threatened competitiveness in the computer, software, and information industry markets. Meanwhile, after dislocations created by global stagflation through the early 1980s, developing countries became interested in privatization of state enterprises as a tool of economic reform--and state telephone companies were especially promising targets for privatization. Those countries began exploring options for allowing selective competition, as phone companies in major industrial countries began looking to foreign markets for new business opportunities. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Basic Telecommunications Services created a new regime for the world market. Now we must pay close attention to regulatory fundamentals: 1) Low barriers to entry in the market for communications services. 2) Effective re-balancing of rates for services during the market transition. 3) Effective Strong interconnection policies. 4) The creation of independent regulatory authorities with the resources and power necessary to foster competition and safeguard consumer welfare. The authors assess how developing and transition economies have fared in profiting from changes in the telecommunications market. They also examine the policy challenges that remain, paying special attention to the global market and regulatory milieu fostered by the 1997 WTO Agreement. They ask what this latest transformation has taught us about wise management of this vital part of the world economy's infrastructure. They focus on the economics of managing the transition to competition, the design of proper regulatory policies and processes, and the embedding of domestic telecommunications in the world market.
Application of Dynamical Systems Theory to Nonlinear Aircraft Dynamics

A continuation method has been used to determine the steady states of three nonlinear aircraft models: a general aviation aircraft with a canard configuration, a generic jet fighter, and the F-14. The continuation method calculated the steady states of the aircraft as functions of the control surface deflections. Bifurcations of these steady states were determined and shown to cause instabilities which resulted in qualitative changes in the state of the aircraft. A longitudinal instability which resulted in a deep stall was determined for the general aviation aircraft. Roll-coupling and high angle of attack instabilities were determined for the generic jet fighter, and wing rock, directional divergence and high angle of attack instabilities were determined for the F-14. Knowledge of the control surface deflections at which bifurcations occurred was used to either put limits on the control surface deflections or to program the control surface deflections such that a combination of control surface deflections at which bifurcations occur could not be attained. Simple control systems were included in the aircraft models to determine the effects of control systems on the instabilities of each aircraft. Steady spin modes were determined for each aircraft. A successful recovery technique was determined for the general aviation aircraft, but no successful recovery technique could be found for the F-14.
Improving Predictions in Imbalanced Data Using Pairwise Expanded Logistic Regression

Building classifiers for medical problems often involves dealing with rare, but important events. Imbalanced datasets pose challenges to ordinary classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The lack of effective strategies for dealing with imbalanced training data often results in models that exhibit poor discrimination. We propose a novel approach to estimate class memberships based on the evaluation of pairwise relationships in the training data. The method we propose, Pairwise Expanded Logistic Regression, improved discrimination and had higher accuracy when compared to existing methods in two imbalanced datasets, thus showing promise as a potential remedy for this problem.
Explicit upper bounds for error propagation in the n-body field

Mathematical means for bounding propagated trajectory error induced impulsive initial error in n-body field
Eating dinner away from home: Perspectives of middle-to high-income parents.

Abstract This study sought to understand barriers and facilitators for preparing and eating dinner at home in families who report eating dinner away from home ≥3 times per week. Cross-sectional, mixed methods (focus groups, questionnaires) study. Twenty-seven parents with a child 3–10 years-old who reported eating dinner away from home ≥3 times per week from a pediatric medical center in the Midwest participated. The key concepts analytic framework guided focus group analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize parent demographics, anthropometrics, attitudes and confidence toward cooking, perceptions of dinner costs and portions, and parent and child dinners. Parents reported confidence in cooking a home prepared meal, but that eating away from home was reinforcing because it provided quality family time and diminished barriers such as picky eating and perceived costs. Home cooking was also hindered by early school lunch and after-school sports as children were not hungry or home at the typical dinner hour and parents did not want to cook after 8pm. Parents estimated preparing and eating a meal at home took significantly more time than driving and eating out (80.7 min vs. 30.3 min, p
High-intensity interval training: Modulating interval duration in overweight/obese men

AbstractIntroduction. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy shown to induce various cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations. Little is known about the optimal tolerable combination of intensity and volume necessary for adaptations, especially in clinical populations. Objectives: In a randomized controlled pilot design, we evaluated the effects of two types of interval training protocols, varying in intensity and interval duration, on clinical outcomes in overweight/obese men. Methods. Twenty-five men [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg·m2] completed baseline body composition measures: fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and percent body fat (%BF) and fasting blood glucose, lipids and insulin (IN). A graded exercise cycling test was completed for peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and power output (PO). Participants were randomly assigned to high-intensity short interval (1MIN-HIIT), high-intensity interval (2MIN-HIIT) or control groups. 1MIN-HIIT and 2MIN-HIIT completed 3 weeks of cycl...
The Two-money Theorem

In this article, I consider environments in which all shocks have finite support and any transfer of resources is ex post voluntary. Consider an allocation that is achievable when potential trading partners know each others' histories. The one-money theorem says that the allocation is achievable using only one money if that money is divisible and money holdings are observable. The two-money theorem says that the allocation is achievable using two divisible monies, even if money holdings are concealable.
Cognitive-behavior therapy and the native american client

This article discusses therapy and the Native American client. A brief review of the mental health needs of Native Americans and the response of the psychological community to date is provided. It is argued that a culturally sensitive approach to working with this special population is a professional and ethical necessity, and it is suggested that a congruence exists between the cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy and the needs and preferences of Native Americans. Key therapeutic issues and problems presented by working with this population are discussed, and guidelines for dealing with them are suggested. Suggestions for future directions that can be taken toward better serving Native Americans are provided.
El Viaje a Oriente En La Literatura Femenina Española: Carmen de Burgos, Aurora Bertrana Y Rosa Regàs

The article studies the diverse approach to Islamic society of three Spanish women writers who visited this area of the world during different periods of our recent history. Through the literary analysis of their works, the article establishes the extent and limitations of Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism in 20th century Spanish literature and the ambiguities and contradictions of Spain’s relationship with the Islamic world.
A comparison of the effects of acute and subacute administration of β-phenylethylamine and d-amphetamine on mouse killing behavior of rats

Abstract β-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is an endogenous amine that in some instances acts biochemically and behaviorally like amphetamine. In the present experiments, the effects of PEA on mouse killing by rats were compared and contrasted with the effects of d -amphetamine on this behavior. When given acutely to experienced mouse killing rats, PEA (16 and 32 mg/kg) inhibited killing in a direct dose dependent manner. This is similar to the dose dependent inhibition of killing by amphetamine reported previously. However, d -amphetamine but not PEA showed physiologic tolerance following 8 days of twice daily administration. Cross tolerance between the two drugs only occurred when d -amphetamine was administered subacutely. It was concluded that PEA and d -amphetamine have similar acute effects but differed when given subacutely since PEA did not show tolerance and there was not bidirectional cross-tolerance. These data suggest that these drugs have different pharmacologic actions when given repeatedly. One possible difference may be the duration of action.
Linking an Agency Strategic Review to Increase Knowledge Management: San Francisco County Human Service Agency

Led by the agency director, the agency engaged in a Strategic Review, based on a comprehensive assessment of agency performance that identified strategies to improve organizational effectiveness through increased data-informed practice and knowledge management. The Strategic Review gathered information on staff perceptions, perceptions of external stakeholders, changing citywide and neighborhood demographics, policy mandates, and budget and workload issues. The need for the review was based upon multiple, substantial changes not addressed in the 2000 Strategic Plan, including the 2004 merger of the Department of Human Services and the Department of Aging and Adult Services, changes among the executive management team, transitions among key political entities, new policy mandates and changing budget allocations. This case study describes the Strategic Review process and content, summarizing key challenges and lessons related to addressing workload demands, fostering positive staff attitudes, balancing inte...
The Influence of Magnification on Resolving Power of Telescopic Systems for Foucault Test Objects of Different Inherent Contrast

A study has been made of the variation in resolving power with magnification for telescopic systems used to view Foucault test objects of different inherent contrast. The study included the use of a form of the K.D.C. Apparatus. The results of the study indicate the existence of an optimum magnification that can be used to resolve Foucault test objects and that the optimum value of the magnification depends upon the inherent contrast of the test object. As the test object contrast decreases, the optimum amount of magnification decreases. For test objects having an inherent contrast of approximately 100 percent, an optimum amount of magnification was found to be approximately 70× for each 25.4 mm of aperture of the telescopic system under consideration. For objects of 10 percent inherent contrast, the optimum magnification was found to be approximately 30× for each 25.4 mm of aperture.
Specialization of state sectoral employment

This paper uses an index to measure the level of employment diversity at the state level for 2000. The index is based on aggregating employment at eight major sectors. The paper utilizes sixteen science and engineering indicator variables to explain specialization at the state level in recent years. All but seven variables were found to provide explanations.
Message-passing in stochastic processing networks

Abstract Simple, distributed and iterative algorithms, popularly known as message-passing, have become the architecture of choice for emerging infrastructure networks and the canonical behavioral model for natural networks. Therefore designing, as well as understanding, message-passing algorithms has become important. The purpose of this survey is to describe the state-of-art of message-passing algorithms in the context of dynamic resource allocation in the presence of uncertainty, a problem that is central to operations research (OR) and management science (MS). Various directions for future research are described in this context as well as connections beyond OR and MS are explained. Through this survey, we hope to convey the opportunity presented to the OR and MS community to benefit from and contribute to the growing inter-disciplinary area of message-passing algorithms.
Electrodeposition of black chrome selective solar absorber coatings with improved thermal stability

Auger electron spectroscopy was used to study the oxidation behavior of electrodeposited black chrome selective solar absorber films. The volume fraction of Cr2O3 increased rapidly initially, and the films then exhibited an increasingly slower rate of oxidation. The Cr2O3 formed during electrodeposition does not passivate the film; it is only the Cr2O3 formed during the initial thermal exposure that forms a passivating layer. Thus the optical properties of the as-deposited films change rapidly with heating. The deposition of larger agglomerates results in better thermal stability of the optical properties.
Testing hypotheses in the context of the unmeasured variables problem

Abstract The primary objective of this article is to stimulate investigators to devote greater effort and resources to the unmeasured variables problem as part of testing the set of interrelated hypotheses that comprise a theory (model). An unmeasured variables problem occurs when one or more relevant causes are left out of a theoretical model. By invoking unmeasured causes, it is often possible to propose multiple and alternative explanations for the results of confirmatory tests of a model. It may be shown, for example, that the results of a test are biased or spurious because of failure to statistically control for a relevant cause. Possible effects of unmeasured variables on tests of theory in selection research were chosen for illustration purposes because of the central role that selection plays in Industrial-Organizational Psychology and Human Resource Management and because the trait-based selection model, and a key procedure used to defend the model (i.e., validity generalization), have all the key symptoms of the unmeasured variables problem. A central component of the presentation is an illustration of how to begin to solve the unmeasured variables problem by combining trait and situational models to develop, hopefully, a more cogent and productive explanation of behavior in work environments.
New technique to observe a time evolution of a gold colloidal system in nanochannels of MCM-41 mesoporous silica using UV–Vis spectroscopy

Abstract We report a possible application of Ultra violet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy technique to study a time evolution of a gold colloidal system in restricted geometry. We used a unique property of temperature and size dependence of the gold surface plasmon band. The absorption spectra show the slow and faster-nucleation of the gold atoms in the solution of HAuCl 4 , sodium citrate and MCM-41. The interfacial undercooling was estimated by comparing the absorption spectra of the bulk solution to the pore solution. Our result is consistent with a Gibbs–Thomson constant K = 54 ± 2 °C nm, which is in good agreement with the values given by the previous experiments [R. Schmidt, E.W. Hansen, M.D. Akporiaye, O.H. Stocker, Ellestad, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 4049, A. Schreiber, I. Ketelsen, G.H. Findenegg, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 (2001) 1185].
Performance evaluation of an asynchronous two-sensor track fusion algorithm

Recently, the author solved a general problem of fusing asynchronous tracks while taking into account communicatrion delays, data latency, and out of sequence tracks. The objective of this paper is to perform preliminary performance analysis of the asynchronous track fusion algorithm. In this study, two snesors providing asynchronous measurements are considered, where the update track fusion rate is fixed. Communication delay between at least of the senors' platform and the fusion center may exit. Monte Carlo simulations are performed using simulated traget tracks. The performance of the individual sensors as well as that of the fused track is provided. The preliminary results show the benefit of track fusion under more realistic assumptions than what is currently the practice.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: the importance of correct histological diagnosis.

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid is an uncommon, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The diagnosis is made after excluding metastasis from other sites in the head and neck or other primary malignancies of the parotid. Methods: Tumor registry data from 1974 to 1994 were reviewed at three University of Louisville- affiliated hospitals. Of 370 parotid tumors, 40 (11%) were initially classified as squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid. Chart review and histological specimen re-examination were conducted to confirm diagnosis. Results: Only 8 (2%) of the 370 cases, were considered true primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid. Patients with metastases to the parotid from primary sites within the upper aerodigestive tract or skin of the head and neck region and high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid were excluded. Facial nerve dysfunction was a presenting complaint in three patients. Two patients presented with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJC) clinical stage III disease and six with AJC stage IV disease. All patients were treated with total parotidectomy and radiotherapy. One patient (12%) is alive and free of disease. Median survival was 13 months (range, 11 months–7 years). Conclusions: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid is uncommon, occurring in 2% of parotid neoplasms at our institution. This is an aggressive malignancy, usually presenting in advanced stage and with facial nerve involvement or cervical metastases. Prognosis is poor even with radical surgery and adjunctive radiotherapy. Careful clinical and histological review is necessary to differentiate primary squamous cancer of the parotid from metastases or other primary parotid malignancy.
Alkaline degradation of 6-thio derivatives of D-glucose and D-galactose

Abstract Phenyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-6- S -acetyl-6-thiO-β- D -glucopyranoside and phenyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-6- S -acetyl-6-thio-β- D -galactopyranoside react with hot alkali to give approximately 70% conversions into 1,6-anhydro-6-thio-β- D -glucopyranose (VIII) and 1,6-anhydro-6-thio-β- D -galactopyranose, respectively. The corresponding α- D anomers are also decomposed in alkali, but without the formation of the corresponding 1,6-anhydro sugars. 2,3,4-Tri- O -acetyl-6- S -acetyl-6-thio-α- D -glucopyranosyl bromide was converted into compound VIII by alkaline solution, presumably by solvolysis, with participation by the sulfur anion on C-6.
On the nature of allosteric transitions: implications of non-exclusive ligand binding.

Abstract Further predictions are derived from the model for allosteric transitions of Monod, Wyman & Changeux (1965) for the general case in which both the postulated conformational states of an allosteric protein bind a specified ligand with significant but unequal affinity (non-exclusive binding). In particular, the non-exclusive binding of one or more of the ligands, such as the substrate, inhibitor or activator of a regulatory enzyme, is expected to introduce limits on: (1) the extent to which the equilibrium between the conformational states of the protein may be shifted in their presence; (2) the degree of co-operativity in the saturation by each ligand (as measured by the Hill coefficient), and (3) the extent of co-operative or antagonistic interactions among the various ligands (partial and multivalent effects).
A technique for monitoring ecological disturbance in tallgrass prairie using seasonal NDVI trajectories and a discriminant function mixture model

Abstract Natural and anthropogenic disturbance in tallgrass prairie communities can induce changes in plant species composition, including shifts in the relative abundance of C3 and C4 lifeforms. The asynchronous seasonality in greenness exhibited by C3 and C4 species enables monitoring of their relative abundance using temporal trajectories of sensor-derived vegetation indices, such as NDVI. We use close-range measurements made over 22 experimental plots at the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area (KPRNA) to evaluate seasonal trajectories in NDVI as a function of C 3 C 4 ratio. The NDVI data were collected from each plot at approximately 10-day intervals throughout the 1995 growing season. Metrics for summarizing the temporal behavior of NDVI trajectories were derived from two transformations of the data: 1) a conventional approach plotting NDVI against day of year and 2) an alternative approach plotting normalized cumulative integrated NDVI against growing degree day. Discriminant function mixture models derived from each set of inetrics were used together with species composition data from the experimental plots to derive relative C 3 C 4 abundances. Results show that both methods can classify the majority of cases into their correct C 3 C 4 abundance category; however, the transformation using normalized integrated NDVI against growing degree day was a significantly better discriminator (p=0.0102). The techniques presented are effective for monitoring relative C 3 C 4 abundance in tallgrass prairie; however, more investigation is needed to assess their performance at different spatial resolutions and in different geographic settings.
Evidence That a Rapidly Turning Over Protein, Normally Degraded by Proteasomes, Regulates hsp72 Gene Transcription in HepG2 Cells

Heat shock protein 72/73 (Hsp70) is a cytosolic molecular chaperone that carries out fundamental roles under both normal and stress situations. There is great interest in delineating the mechanisms whereby Hsp70 levels are regulated. We observed that N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN), a synthetic aldehydic tripeptide that inhibits proteasomes, markedly induced Hsp70 levels (up to 30-fold above base line in HepG2 cells and human endothelial cells). Induction of Hsp70 by ALLN was dose-dependent and not related to cell toxicity. ALLN selectively increased Hsp70 levels without affecting Hsp25, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp86, Hsp90, Hsp104, or Bip (immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein) in HepG2 cells. ALLN induced Hsp70 not only by stabilizing the protein but also by dramatically increasing its synthesis. The modulation of Hsp70 synthesis by ALLN resulted from a rapid and marked increase in transcription of the hsp72 gene, since the induction of hsp72 mRNA was blocked in cells co-treated with actinomycin D. hsp72 mRNA levels were affected in a time-dependent manner by exposure to ALLN; significant elevations occurred within 60 min of treatment, and a decline to background levels was observed by 7 h of recovery. The ALLN-induced increase in hsp72 gene expression was associated with trimerization of the heat shock transcriptional factor (HSF1). ALLN did not affect the steady-state level of HSF1 protein. The effects of ALLN appeared to require de novo protein synthesis, since the induction of both HSF1 trimerization and hsp72 transcription was blocked by co-treatment with cycloheximide. When we tested a series of protease inhibitors, only the related aldehydic tripeptides, N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-methioninal and the proteasome inhibitor, Cbz-leucyl-leucyl-leucinal, induced Hsp70 levels. The specific proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, which has a different structure, also induced Hsp70 levels. Overall, our results suggest that a rapidly turning over protein that is normally degraded by proteasomes may be involved in the regulation of Hsp70 synthesis via effects on the hsp70 transcriptional factor, HSF1.
Optically-connected memory with error correction for increased reliability in large-scale computing systems

We demonstrate an optically-connected memory system with a novel advanced error-correction protocol for improved communication reliability in large-scale computing systems. An emulated microprocessor operates uninterrupted with several optically-connected memory nodes despite multiple memory data errors.
The Two-Sample Normal Scores Test for Scale

The normal scores test (NS) for scale is presented as an alternative for evaluating the equality of dispersion for two independent populations. Test development is indicated as well as examples illustrating large and small sample situations. Reference is made to comparisons with the F, Mood and Siegel-Tukey tests.
Infrastructure web: distributed monitoring and managing critical infrastructures

National-scale critical infrastructure protection depends on many processes: intelligence gathering, analysis, interdiction, detection, response and recovery, to name a few. These processes are typically carried out by different individuals, agencies and industry sectors. Many new threats to national infrastructure are arising from the complex couplings that exist between advanced information technologies (telecommunications and internet), physical components (utilities), human services (health, law enforcement, emergency management) and commerce (financial services, logistics). Those threats arise and evolve at a rate governed by human intelligence and innovation, on `internet time' so to speak. The processes for infrastructure protection must operate on the same time scale to be effective. To achieve this, a new approach to integrating, coordinating and managing infrastructure protection must be deployed. To this end, we have designed an underlying web-like architecture that will serve as a platform for the decentralized monitoring and management of national critical infrastructures.
Injection of solutions into cerebral tissue: Relation between volume and diffusion

Abstract The relationship between the extent of diffusion of a solution and the volume injected has been investigated for cerebral tissue in anesthetized rats. Each of four dyes of unequal molecular weights was injected in a volume of either 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 μl into the thalamus or hypothalamus, using stereotaxic procedures. The brain was rapidly frozen in situ 10–25 min after the intracerebral injection, and the area of dye penetration determined by sectioning of fresh or partially fixed tissue. The diffusion of the dye into the tissue surrounding the site of injection bore a direct relationship to the volume given, although there was some variation in spread between the dyes. Because of the unusual magnitude of diffusion, it was suggested, for injections into the brain of the rat, that a volume no larger than 0.5 μl (average spread —1.04 mm) be given if localization of the action of a drug is attempted. Volumes as large as 2.0 μl (average spread— 2.4 mm) could be used for intracerebral injections in a larger animal such as the cat or monkey if an entire area within a diencephalic structure is to be chemically stimulated.
Conservation laws, extended polymatroids and multi-armed bandit problems: a unified approach to indexable systems

We show that if performance measures in stochastic and dynamic scheduling problems satisfy generalized conservation laws, then the feasible region of achievable performance is a polyhedron called an extended polymatroid, that generalizes the classical polymatroids introduced by Edmonds. Optimization of a linear objective over an extended polymatroid is solved by an adaptive greedy algorithm, which leads to an optimal solution having an indexability property indexable systems. Under a certain condition the indices possess a stronger decomposition property decomposable systems. The following problems can be analyzed using our theory: multiarmed bandit problems, branching bandits, scheduling of multiclass queues with or without feedback, scheduling of a batch of jobs. Consequences of our results include: 1 a characterization of indexable systems as systems that satisfy generalized conservation laws, 2 a sufficient condition for indexable systems to be decomposable, 3 a new linear programming proof of the decomposability property of Gittins indices in multiarmed bandit problems, 4 an approach to sensitivity analysis of indexable systems, 5 a characterization of the indices of indexable systems as sums of dual variables, and an economic interpretation of the branching bandit indices in terms of retirement options, 6 an analysis of the indexability of undiscounted branching bandits, 7 a new algorithm to compute the indices of indexable systems in particular Gittins indices, as fast as the fastest known algorithm, 8 a unification of Klimov's algorithm for multiclass queues and Gittms' algorithm for multiarmed bandits as special cases of the same algorithm, 9 a closed formula for the maximum reward of the multiarmed bandit problem, with a new proof of its submodularity and 10 an understanding of the invariance of the indices with respect to some parameters of the problem. Our approach provides a polyhedral treatment of several classical problems in stochastic and dynamic scheduling and is able to address variations such as: discounted versus undiscounted cost criterion, rewards versus taxes, discrete versus continuous time, and linear versus nonlinear objective functions.
A Detached Shock Calculation by Second Order Finite Differences

Abstract A detached shock problem for a symmetric curved convex cylindrical body moving parallel to its plane of symmetry was solved by using a third-order accurate Richtmyer form of the Lax-Wendroff conservation equations. One innovation is an easy to use “artificial viscosity” term which preserves the high order of accuracy of the calculation while removing the nonlinear instabilities which otherwise appear in the shock region and near boundaries. Another innovation is a simple transformation of Cartesian space which changes the curved body into a straight line, thus reducing the large number of special points and irregularly shaped mesh regions which would otherwise appear in the difference method calculation. Such transformations are shown to preserve the conservation property of the system of differential equations. Other aspects of the third-order artificial viscosity term and the transformation are discussed. The results of a numerical calculation on a CDC 6600 computer are compared with known results.
Reexamining momentum profits: Underreaction or overreaction to firm-specific information?

We design a new measure and find that the predictability of past returns on future returns increases as stocks respond with delay to firm-specific information. Our results suggest that momentum is caused by both investors’ underreaction and overreaction to information. However, underreaction to information seems to be the primary cause, particularly during the more recent period. Our findings are robust for recent explanations of momentum profits and alternative methods for computing our measure. We also find that stocks respond with delay to firm-specific information, partly due to certain firm characteristics, and partly because they escape investor attention due to their low visibility. Our paper extends and refines Jegadeesh and Titman’s (J Financ 56(2):699–720, 2001) finding that momentum profits are consistent with behavioral models’ predictions regarding investors’ overreaction.
Splitting of Conduction-Electron Spin Resonance in Potassium

The 0.5-G splitting of the conduction-electron spin resonance in potassium (at 4200 G) observed by Walsh, Rupp, and Schmidt can be quantitatively explained providing the conduction electrons are in a charge-density-wave (CDW) ground state. The Fermi-surface distortion caused by the CDW energy gap leads to an anisotropic conduction-electron $g$ factor depending on the angle between H and the wave vector Q of the CDW. The extremal values of $g$, corresponding to Q \ensuremath{\perp} H and Q\ensuremath{\parallel}H, differ by $(\frac{3V}{8{E}_{F}})\ensuremath{\Delta}g$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}g=\ensuremath{-}0.0025$ is the observed $g$ shift. $V$ is the observed threshold energy of the Mayer-El Naby optical-absorption anomaly, and ${E}_{F}$ is the Fermi energy. The predicted maximum splitting is 0.56 G. Interpretation of the data requires the sample to have a macroscopic domain structure, caused by thermal stress and plastic flow when the potassium-Parafilm sandwich is cooled to He temperature. The orientation of Q in stress-free regions should be parallel to H. In regions of high stress, Q is presumed perpendicular to the surface, and therefore approximately perpendicular to H.
An unusual case of complete duodenal obstruction with massive stomach dilatation caused by recurrent cervical cancer.

Abstract Presented is a case of squamous cell cancer of the uterine cervix with metastatic paraaortic disease, 9 years following treatment. An unusual complete duodenal obstruction accompanied by massive stomach dilatation from the metastases is described.