cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism and Phase Transition in Nanotubular Uranyl Phenylphosphonate: (UO2)3(HO3PC6H5)2(O3PC6H5)2·H2O

The synthesis and crystal structure of a new nanotubular phenylphosphonate, e-(UO2)3(HO3PC6H5)2(O3PC6H5)2·H2O, is reported. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 16.8268(7) A, b = 7.1673(8) A, c = 28.8228(12) A, and Z = 4. The structure has been refined by the Rietveld method, and the final agreement factors were RwP = 13.1% and RF = 10.1%. The structure of the e-phase is very similar to that reported earlier for the δ-phase, and it consists of closed packed nanotubes. The main difference between δ- and e-polymorphs is a slightly different interactions through the phenyl rings. The inside walls of these nanotubes are hydrophilic and the organic groups are projected outward, which results in hydrophobic regions between nanotubes. These nanotubes are held together only by van der Waals forces. The topotactic reversible phase transition between the two phases has been characterized by powder thermodiffractometry. 31P MAS NMR data are also shown to display the stru...
Establishing a postsurgical TENS program.

The December 1978 issue of Physical Therapy afforded the clinician a sound theoretical and biographical presentation of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Although Gersh offers some practical guidelines for the use of TENS,1 this information needs to be expanded to include a day-to-day perspective on the postsurgical use of TENS. The purpose of this paper is to present a number of basic suggestions to guide the clinician interested in establishing a postsurgical TENS program. These observations and suggestions are based on our hospital experience with postsurgical TENS programs. Selection of Equipment Most types of commercially available dual-channel TENS units will be adequate for a postsurgical program. The dual-channel system is a must for the types of electrode placement combinations described later in this paper. Stimtech EPC Mini Dual*, Medtronic Neuromod,† and Medgeneral Microceptor II‡ have been used successfully in our clinics.… Related PubMed Citation: [311011][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/311011
Pearls & Oy-sters: Hemicrania epileptica Unfolding the mystery of an unremitting migraine

A 38-year-old woman presented with a right-sided throbbing headache associated with visual symptoms, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. She had experienced migraines since her teenage years characterized by monthly unilateral headache associated with nausea and photophobia. The current headache had started with symptoms she recognized as her regular monthly migraine, but it had uncharacteristically persisted for 3 days. She also described a persistent aura of “pixelated 3-dimensional objects” and “colored pinwheels,” which she had not experienced with her previous headaches. Two days into the headache, she had developed a defect in her left visual field and had narrowly missed hitting a tree on that side while driving. At the time of presentation to us, she had already undergone a head CT, which was reported normal, and she was prescribed prednisone, sumatriptan, and oxycodone for management of status migrainosus, without benefit.
Plasticity in an electrosensory system. III. Contrasting properties of spatially segregated dendritic inputs.

Bastian, J. Plasticity in an electrosensory system. III. Contrasting properties of spatially segregated dendritic inputs. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1839–1857, 1998. Efferent neurons of the first-order e...
Impact of vaginal parity and aging on the architectural design of pelvic floor muscles

Background Vaginal delivery and aging are key risk factors for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, which is a critical component of pelvic floor disorders. However, alterations in the pelvic floor muscle intrinsic structure that lead to muscle dysfunction because of childbirth and aging remain elusive. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of vaginal deliveries and aging on human cadaveric pelvic floor muscle architecture, which is the strongest predictor of active muscle function. Study Design Coccygeus, iliococcygeus, and pubovisceralis were obtained from younger donors who were ≤51 years old, vaginally nulliparous (n = 5) and vaginally parous (n = 6) and older donors who were >51 years old, vaginally nulliparous (n = 6) and vaginally parous (n = 6), all of whom had no history of pelvic floor disorders. Architectural parameters, which are predictive of muscle's excursion and force-generating capacity, were determined with the use of validated methods. Intramuscular collagen content was quantified by hydroxyproline assay. Main effects of parity and aging and the interactions were determined with the use of 2-way analysis of variance, with Tukey's post-hoc testing and a significance level of .05. Results The mean age of younger and older donors differed by approximately 40 years ( P = .001) but was similar between nulliparous and parous donors within each age group ( P > .9). The median parity was 2 (range, 1-3) in younger and older vaginally parous groups ( P = .7). The main impact of parity was increased fiber length in the more proximal coccygeus ( P = .03) and iliococcygeus ( P = .04). Aging changes manifested as decreased physiologic cross-sectional area across all pelvic floor muscles ( P P Conclusions Increased fiber length in more proximal pelvic floor muscles likely represents an adaptive response to the chronically increased load placed on these muscles by the displaced apical structures, presumably as a consequence of vaginal delivery. In younger specimens, a consistent trend towards decrease in force-generating capacity of all pelvic floor muscles in the parous group suggests a potential mechanism for clinically identified pelvic floor muscle weakness in vaginally parous women. The substantial decrease in predicted muscle force production and fibrosis with aging represent likely mechanisms for the pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in older women.
Pitfalls in measurement of 14 CO 2 activity from glucose-6- 14 C and two corrective procedures.

SummaryStudies on the validity of measured activity of 14CO2 from glucose-6-14C trapped in KOH, Hyamine or KOH suspended in Cab-O-Sil were carried out in dioxane-based scintillation solutions. The counts obtained with KOH were low, unstable and showed a progressive increase becoming rather stable after 5 days. Contrary to this, Hyamine, or KOH in Cab-O-Sil produced high counts which were reproducible for at least 2 wk. Poor solubility of K214CO3 in Bray's solution is a likely reason for the initial low counts of 14CO2 trapped in KOH. The use of Hyamine or KOH in Cab-O-Sil is therefore a better method for the measurement of 14CO2 activity. In addition to counting stability, Cab-O-Sil suspensions have low settling rates, no opacity and almost negligible self-absorption and hence, would be considered as a method of choice.
Application of intraoperative ultrasound to microsurgery for intracranial gliomas

ObjectiveTo investigate the technique of intraoperative ultrasound and its value to the microsurgery for intracranialgliomas.MethodsThe clinical data of 72 patients with intracranial gliomas, who underwent microsurgery from February, 2011 toFebruary, 2013, were analyzed retrospectively. Of 72 patients, 33(observed group) underwent microsurgery under intraoperativeultrasound guidance and 39(control group) did without ultrasound guidance. The accurate rate of locating tumors and the rate of totalresection of the tumors and operative duration were analyzed and compared between both the groups.ResultsThe accurate rate oflocating tumors(100%) was significantly higher in the observed group than that(82.1%) in the control group(P0.05). The rate of totalresection of the tumors(78.8%) was significantly higher in the observed group than that(48.7%) in the control group(P0.05). Theoperative duration [(85.7±31.1) min] was significantly shorter in the observed group than that [(117.4±40.8) min] in the control group(P0.05). The ultrasound characteristics of low-grade gliomas were different from those of high-grade gliomas.ConclusionsIntraoperativeultrasound has the advantages such as low-cost, short time of preoperative preparation, real-time monitoring, repeatability and noradiation. The intraoperative ultrasound is very helpful to the enhancement of curative effect of microsurgery on the intracranial gliomas.
Functional cytology of the human basophil in allergic and physiologic reactions: technic and atlas.

(1) A simple method is described for the rapid liquid fixation, concentration and staining of the blood basophil in man and in experimental animals. (2) Morphologic alterations in basophils have been illustrated and a technic of classifying them has been presented.
Measuring the Burden

Two basic measures of the economic ‘burden’ assumed by NATO allies are used in the burdensharing debate. The first, the input measure, refers to the amount an individual country, or group of countries, spend on defence — in other words, fiscal contributions. Defence spending has become the traditional way to assess relative burdens amongst the American protagonists in the burdensharing debate. The second commonly used criteria is the output measure. The output criteria measures the end results of defence expenditure — the equipment in the field, and is more commonly used by the non-US NATO members.
Destination image of Japan and social reform generation of China: role of consumer products

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to investigate the destination image of Japan perceived by Social Reform Generation of China and explore the role of Japanese consumer products in image formation. Through the analysis of textual data from in-depth interviews, present study identified three categories of cognitive image of Japan. They are Diversity of Offerings, Cultural Uniqueness and Advanced Infrastructure. The study proposed a framework that conceptualizes the role of consumer products in destination image formation. Japanese tangible and cultural consumer products have direct and induced impact on three components of destination image. Theoretical and practical contribution of the study is discussed based on the framework.
Abstract P85: Diversity of Educational Providers Among Anticoagulation Clinics: Results of a National Survey

Background: Due to the difficulty and complexity in managing warfarin, anticoagulation clinics must provide adequate patient education to ensure patient safety. Nevertheless, strategies to educate anticoagulation patients vary widely. We intend to describe the self-reported educational practices of anticoagulation clinics across the United States. Methods: A 31-question online survey was sent to all members of the Anticoagulation Forum, a network of healthcare providers who work in the field of thromboembolic disease. 264 unique clinics responded to the survey. Each reported question had at least 244 responses. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results: Most clinics provide general education through reading materials (92%) and in-person interactions (89%). Few clinics educate by means of video (27%), website (17%), and other methods (8%). Pharmacists (PharmDs) and nurses (RNs) combine to provide the majority (80%) of general anticoagulation education. 39% and 24% of clinics reported that PharmDs and RN...
Sulforhodamine B (SRB) Assay in Cell Culture to Investigate Cell Proliferation

The SRB assay has been used since its development in 1990 (Skehan et al., 1990) to inexpensively conduct various screening assays to investigate cytotoxicity in cell based studies (Vichai and Kirtikara, 2006). This method relies on the property of SRB, which binds stoichiometrically to proteins under mild acidic conditions and then can be extracted using basic conditions; thus, the amount of bound dye can be used as a proxy for cell mass, which can then be extrapolated to measure cell proliferation. The protocol can be divided into four main steps: preparation of treatment, incubation of cells with treatment of choice, cell fixation and SRB staining, and absorbance measurement. This assay is limited to manual or semiautomatic screening, and can be used in an efficient and sensitive manner to test chemotherapeutic drugs or small molecules in adherent cells. It also has applications in evaluating the effects of gene expression modulation (knockdown, gene expression upregulation), as well as to study the effects of miRNA replacement on cell proliferation (Kasinski et al., 2015).
Plenitude and Mirrors of God in Leibniz

It is customary to study Leibniz’s two most famous doctrines—the theory of monads and the thesis that the actual world is the best of all possible worlds—as if they belonged to wholly separate compartments of his thought. In some respects Leibniz himself seems to encourage such an approach to his philosophy. As we shall see, Leibniz tends not to address some obvious and pressing questions concerning the relations between the two doctrines. But though the tendency to compartmentalize these two doctrines receives some support from Leibniz’s writings, it is, I believe, mistaken. The two key doctrines are alike at least in that they both draw their inspiration from a theme of Plato’s Timaeus: the highest being can produce nothing but the fairest. Leibniz’s God cannot of course produce a world that is absolutely perfect, for then it would simply collapse back into God himself, but he will want to create the best of all possible worlds. Similarly, an absolutely perfect being will want to create a world of simple, immaterial beings that mirror his own perfections; in other words, he will create a world of substances that mirror his unity, activity, causal self-sufficiency and even, as far as possible, his omnipotence and omniscience.
IL-1β impairs retrograde flow of BDNF signaling by attenuating endosome trafficking

Pro-inflammatory cytokines accumulate in the brain with age and Alzheimer’s disease and can impair neuron health and cognitive function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key neurotrophin that supports neuron health, function, and synaptic plasticity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) impairs BDNF signaling but whether it affects BDNF signaling endosome trafficking has not been studied. This study uses an in vitro approach in primary hippocampal neurons to evaluate the effect of IL-1β on BDNF signaling endosome trafficking. Neurons were cultured in microfluidic chambers that separate the environments of the cell body and its axon terminal, enabling us to specifically treat in axon compartments and trace vesicle trafficking in real-time. We found that IL-1β attenuates BDNF signaling endosomes throughout networks in cultures. In IL-1β-treated cells, overall BDNF endosomal density was decreased, and the colocalization of BDNF endosomes with presynaptic terminals was found to be more than two times higher than in control cultures. Selective IL-1β treatment to the presynaptic compartment in microfluidic chamber attenuated BDNF endosome flux, as measured by reduced BDNF-GFP endosome counts in the somal compartment. Further, IL-1β decreased the BDNF-induced phosphorylation of Erk5, a known BDNF retrograde trafficking target. Mechanistically, the deficiency in trafficking was not due to impaired endocytosis of the BDNF-TrkB complex, or impaired transport rate, since BDNF endosomes traveled at the same rate in both control and IL-1β treatment groups. Among the regulators of presynaptic endosome sorting is the post-translational modification, ubiquitination. In support of this possibility, the IL-1β-mediated suppression of BDNF-induced Erk5 phosphorylation can be rescued by exogenous ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates ubiquitin and endosomal trafficking. We observed a state of neurotrophic resistance whereby, in the prolonged presence of IL-1β, BDNF is not effective in delivering long-distance signaling via the retrograde transport of signaling endosomes. Since IL-1β accumulation is an invariant feature across many neurodegenerative diseases, our study suggest that compromised BDNF retrograde transport-dependent signaling may have important implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Abstract 133: Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Multivessel Coronary Disease in Community-Based Populations: The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Experience

Background. Pooled analyses of randomized trials comparing CABG and PCI suggest a modest mortality benefit with CABG in selected patients (adjusted hazard ratio 0.70). However, limited data exist for patients treated in typical clinical practice, and most previously published studies were underpowered to examine variation in outcomes by patient characteristics. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of CABG vs. PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, overall and in target patient subgroups. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults receiving isolated CABG or PCI for multivessel coronary disease between 1996-2008 within Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, a large, integrated healthcare delivery system. Demographic characteristics, cardiovascular history, comorbidities and longitudinal cardiovascular drug exposure were ascertained from health plan hospitalization, outpatient, laboratory and pharmacy databases. Deaths through 2008 were identified from health plan, state death certificate, and Social Security Administration death files. Results. In 28,735 adults with multivessel coronary disease receiving CABG (n=20,664) or PCI (n=8,071), those receiving CABG were more likely to be older and male. In multivariable extended Cox regression analysis that adjusted for potential time-updated confounders, CABG was associated with lower rates of death from any cause (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.90) compared with PCI. Compared with PCI, CABG was associated with significantly lower adjusted rates for death in those with and without diabetes, in those aged ≥75 years but not in those 65-74 or Conclusions. In a large, diverse, community-based cohort of patients with multivessel coronary disease, CABG was independently associated with lower rates of death compared with PCI, but less so than seen in RCTs. Results further varied by patient characteristics, suggesting the need to re-evaluate selection of revascularization type in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary disease.
Dr. Buzby's ToeGrips® Application Results in Minimal Changes in Kinetic Gait Parameters in Normal Dogs.

Poor traction on slick surfaces is difficult for dogs with neurologic deficits, osteoarthritis or recovering from injury or surgery. Many dogs respond inappropriately to slick surfaces by decreasing digital pad-floor contact and extending their toenails. A device marketed to increase paw-floor friction in dogs was evaluated. Fifteen normal dogs underwent kinetic gait analysis before and after application of Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips®. Ground reaction forces, including vertical peak force and impulse for each limb were measured and compared between pre- and post-application values. Stance time was significantly increased in all limbs after toe grip application. Stride velocity was slower in all limbs, but significantly slower only in the left forelimb. Vertical peak force was significantly deceased in both hindlimbs after toe grip application but the decrease was within the group standard deviations. Vertical impulse was significantly increased in both forelimbs and in the right hindlimb. Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips® result in a slower gait, with slightly decreased vertical peak force in the hindlimbs and increased effort for propulsion Kinetic changes were of minor magnitude and unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Case of a Girl with Irregular Periods, Acne, and Hirsutism

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction, with multiple coexistent criteria suggested for defining the syndrome. Diagnosis of PCOS should only be made after excluding other diagnoses, especially in adolescents in whom pubertal and perimenarchal physiology may overlap with some findings of PCOS. Therapy for PCOS in adolescents should be tailored to amelioration of symptoms, preservation of fertility, prevention of uterine cancer, and, if present, reduction in insulin resistance to prevent associated comorbidities.
How Four Scientists Integrate Thermodynamic and Kinetic Theory, Context, Analogies, and Methods in Protein-Folding and Dynamics Research: Implications for Biochemistry Instruction.

We conducted a qualitative analysis of how four experts conducting research involving protein folding and dynamics explain their work in the context of their research goals and methods. Results rev...
On Involutive Systems of First-order Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

We study the local and microlocal analyticity of solutions u of a system of nonlinear pdes of the form $$ F_j (x,u,u_x ) = 0, 1 \leqslant j \leqslant n $$ where the F j (x, ζ0, ζ) are complex-valued, real analytic in an open subset of (x, ζ0, ζ) ∈ ℝ N ×ℂ×ℂ N and holomorphic in (ζ0, ζ). The function u is assumed to be a C 2 solution. The F j satisfy an involution condition and d ζ F 1 ∧ ... ∧ d ζ F n ≠ 0 where d ζ denotes the exterior derivative in ζ = (ζ1, ..., ζ N ).
Options for Commercial Tokamaks

AbstractSystems studies have been performed at the Fusion Engineering Design Center (FEDC) to assess commercial tokamak options. One study investigates the economics of high-beta operation and determines an optimum operating range of 10 to 20% beta, with a corresponding neutron wall loading of 6 to 8 MW/m2. A second study determines conditions under which small, low-power tokamaks can be economically combined into a 1200-MW(electric) multiplex power plant. The results of these studies have directed future efforts at the FEDC toward a high-beta, tokamak design using a modular maintenance configuration.
Sandwich Structures for Light Turrets

The development of sandwich turret structures for patrol boats is presented. Problems involving design compromise are discussed in the areas of high stiffness-to-weight ratio, corrosion control, damage tolerance, manufacturing methods, and cost control. The preliminary design of the turret is shown to involve predictions of performance through both analysis and testing. Design principles are seen to be different with material changes, which require a careful program for both analysis and test of a shipboard sandwich structure to guarantee the performance of a given design. However, it is seen that boat builder’s methods and materials can be used to construct a composite turret for a Gatling gun.
Optimizing optics and opto-mechanical mounting to minimize static aberrations in high-contrast instruments

One of the goals of high-contrast imaging is to reach contrasts of 10-10 at small inner working angles to directly image Earth-like exoplanets around solar-type stars. In most imaging systems, a deformable mirror (DM) in the pupil plane can correct for phase errors but surface errors in out-of-pupil optics get coupled into amplitude errors which can only be controlled with a second, out of pupil, DM. Furthermore, correcting static errors introduced by the optics can take up valuable DM stroke. Thus, minimizing the wavefront error within the system is critical to reaching high contrast levels. For example, the High Contrast Spectroscopy for Segmented Telescopes Testbed (HCST) in the Exoplanet Technologoy lab at Caltech aims to develop exoplanet imaging technologies down to small inner working angles (< 3λ/D) which requires an RMS wavefront error of less than 10 nm per optic to achieve a contrast of 10−5 with the DM flattened. While aligning HCST, it was determined that despite the excellent surface quality of all the optics, the mounts were introducing significant wavefront errors. Here we assess the effect of mount-induced wavefront errors that can rapidly consume the wavefront budget of a high-contrast system. We also present the method used to mitigate this effect within HCST such that a mean contrast of 6 × 10-6from 3-10λ/D was achieved with a vortex coronagraph and flattened DM.
La Apatrida and TPS: Counter-Hegemonic News and Reclaiming Dignity in Haitian National Newspapers:

This study examined the news coverage of two immigration stories involving Haitian migrants that made international headlines. Those two news stories were (a) the deportation of Dominicans of Haiti...
Early-Life Exposures and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.

Type 2 diabetes is a growing concern worldwide with increasing incidence in youth. Development of preventive strategies in earlier stages of life is crucial. We aimed to examine epidemiological evidence of early-life exposures and their associations with childhood and later risk of obesity and diabetes, and to discuss potential mechanisms. Parental obesity and diabetes in the preconception period may influence offspring’s obesity risk via epigenetic mechanisms influencing gametogenesis and early development that could have significant transgenerational effects. A more comprehensive understanding of these effects is needed to identify possible avenues for interventions in both fathers and mothers to be. In addition, current evidence suggests that growth and body weight trajectories in infancy and childhood are useful indicators of later obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the composition and variations in the microbiome in early life are associated with long-term health and could mediate associations between several early-life exposures and later risk of diseases. Altogether, the epidemiological evidence supports the need for preconception and early-life interventions to reduce the obesity and diabetes burden in later life.
Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Morphometrically Optimized Femoral Stem, a Conventional Operating Table, Without Fluoroscopy

Abstract Background Our experience with direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) suggests that it can be performed successfully with a morphometrically optimized metaphyseal-diaphyseal engaging femoral stem (NOT a short stem), a regular operating room table (NOT a special custom table), and WITHOUT intraoperative fluoroscopy. We report our minimum 2-year results. Methods A retrospective review of a single-surgeon series of primary direct anterior approach THAs was performed. All procedures were performed on a regular table, without fluoroscopy, using a cementless tapered femoral stem. Clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years. Results In total, 1017 primary THAs were performed. The preoperative Harris Hip Score was 40.7 ± 5.1 and improved to 95.3 ± 4.2 at minimum 2-year follow-up. There were 3 dislocations (0.3%) and 15 revisions (1.5%): 7 for infection (0.7%), 4 for periprosthetic fractures (0.4%), 2 for instability (0.2%), 1 for loosening (0.1%), and 1 for pain (0.1%). Five patients (0.5%) required blood transfusion. One patient developed deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. No intraoperative fractures, perforation, or THA-related mortality occurred. Neutral stem alignment was confirmed in 98.3%. Mean cup inclination was 38.8° ± 5.1° and anteversion was 16.2° ± 3.5°. The mean leg-length discrepancy was corrected from 1.2 ± 0.2 cm preoperatively to 0.2 ± 0.1 cm postoperatively. Conclusion Using a morphometrically optimized metaphyseal-diaphyseal engaging tapered femoral stem instead of a short stem reduces component malposition and minimizes risk of loosening. Combining the use of this implant design and the technique and elements described in our cohort demonstrated to have excellent results at 2 years. The patients will need continued follow-up to demonstrate further durability of this device and technique compared to others performing direct anterior THA.
Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin-orbit logic.

Since the early 1980s, most electronics have relied on the use of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. However, the principles of CMOS operation, involving a switchable semiconductor conductance controlled by an insulating gate, have remained largely unchanged, even as transistors are miniaturized to sizes of 10 nanometres. We investigated what dimensionally scalable logic technology beyond CMOS could provide improvements in efficiency and performance for von Neumann architectures and enable growth in emerging computing such as artifical intelligence. Such a computing technology needs to allow progressive miniaturization, reduce switching energy, improve device interconnection and provide a complete logic and memory family. Here we propose a scalable spintronic logic device that operates via spin–orbit transduction (the coupling of an electron’s angular momentum with its linear momentum) combined with magnetoelectric switching. The device uses advanced quantum materials, especially correlated oxides and topological states of matter, for collective switching and detection. We describe progress in magnetoelectric switching and spin–orbit detection of state, and show that in comparison with CMOS technology our device has superior switching energy (by a factor of 10 to 30), lower switching voltage (by a factor of 5) and enhanced logic density (by a factor of 5). In addition, its non-volatility enables ultralow standby power, which is critical to modern computing. The properties of our device indicate that the proposed technology could enable the development of multi-generational computing. A scalable spintronic device operating via spin–orbit transduction and magnetoelectric switching and using advanced quantum materials shows non-volatility and improved performance and energy efficiency compared with CMOS devices.
Training on mind-body skills: Feasibility and effects on physician mindfulness, compassion, and associated effects on stress, burnout, and clinical outcomes

This study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of a Mind-Body Skills training (MBST) curriculum in promoting physician compassion and mindfulness, and reducing stress and burnout. Participan...
Second-generation Central Americans and the formation of an ethnoracial identity in Los Angeles

Whether Latinos in the United States are an ethnic or racial group is extensively debated. Some propose Latinos are an ethnic group on their way to becoming white, others contend Latinos are a raci...
Defective Engraftment of HSPC from C3aR−/ − Mice Reveals an Underappreciated Role of C3a-C3aR Axis in Stem Cell Homing to Bone Marrow.

Recently we demonstrated that complement (C) is activated in bone marrow (BM) during conditioning for transplantation and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) express on their surface the C3a receptor (C3aR) and in the presence of the third C component - C3 cleavage fragments (C3a and desArg C3a) respond more robustly to a chemotactic gradient of stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 (Reca et al., Blood 2003, 101, 3784). The molecular explanation for this phenomenon is a C3a mediated increase in the incorporation of CXCR4 into membrane lipid rafts what enables CXCR4 to interact better with small GTPases from the Rho/Rac family (Wysoczynski et al. Blood 2005, 105, 40–48). To elucidate this phenomenon better and to learn more on the role of the C3a-C3aR axis in homing/engraftment of HSPC we studied i) engraftment of murine HSPC derived from C3aR-deficient mice into wild type littermates and ii) human HSPC on which C3aR was blocked by C3aR antagonist SB290157 into NOD/SCID mice. We noticed that wt mice transplanted with C3aR −/ − HSPC engrafted significantly worse compared to normal littermates. Accordingly, transplantation of the same numbers of Sca-1+ cells from C3aR −/ − mice into wt littermates as compared to transplantation of wt cells resulted in i) delay by ~5–7 days in recovery of platelets and leukocytes, ii) decrease in day 12 CFU-S, and iii) decrease in the number of CFU-GM progenitors detectable in the BM cavities at day 16 after transplantation. Similarly in parallel experiments, human CD34 + cells exposed to nontoxic doses of C3aR antagonist SB29007 engrafted worse in NOD/SCID mice (p −/ − mice probably by the activation of another putative receptor for C3a, however, the C3aR was indispensable for optimal adhesion of HSPC to endothelium and SDF-1-dependent MMP-9 secretion. In conclusion, activation of the C cascade in BM during conditioning for transplantation exposes a natural neoantigen which is recognized by immunoglobulins activating C by the classical pathway. As a consequence, C3 cleavage product, C3a, activates the C3aR on transplanted HSPC increasing the SDF-1 mediated homing of these cells.
Collective Representation Learning on Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Information Networks

Representation learning is a technique that is used to capture the underlying latent features of complex data. Representation learning on networks has been widely implemented for learning network structure and embedding it in a low dimensional vector space. In recent years, network embedding using representation learning has attracted increasing attention, and many deep architectures have been widely proposed. However, existing network embedding techniques ignore the multi-class spatial and temporal relationships that crucially reflect the complex nature among vertices and links in spatiotemporal heterogeneous information networks(SHINs). To address this problem, in this paper, we present two types of collective representation learning models for spatiotemporal heterogeneous information network embedding (SHNE). 1) We propose a model called Multilingual SHNE (M-SHNE); the proposed model leverages the use of random walks along with multilingual word embedding technique used in natural language processing (NLP) to collectively learn the spatiotemporal proximity measures between vertices in SHINs and preserve it in a low dimensional vector space. 2) We propose a second method called Meta path Constrained Random walk SHNE (MCR-SHNE) that combines the advantage of meta path counting algorithm, path constrained random walks, and word embedding technique to generate lower dimensional embeddings that preserve the spatiotemporal proximity measures in SHINs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our two proposed models over state-of-the-art algorithms on real-world datasets.
Exact Geometrical Optics Scattering by a 45° Metal Wedge Illuminated by Multiple Plane Waves

A perfectly conducting metal wedge whose aperture angle is equal to a quarter of π radian is considered. It is shown that if the primary field consists of seven plane waves with appropriate amplitude, phase and direction of incidence, then the edge of the wedge does not scatter and the geometrical optics field is the exact, closed-form solution to the boundary-value problem.
Systemic treatment for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer: Does seqence matter?

Background Optimal sequencing of systemic therapy in the management for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains poorly elucidated. The CHAARTED and STAMPEDE studies have proven that early chemotherapy in the hormone-sensitive setting yields a greater net survival advantage than docetaxel for mCRPC. In a retrospective study, we attempt to investigate the two most common treatment sequences for mCRPC and investigate whether earlier chemotherapy for mCRPC is consequential to survival outcomes. Methods We identified 112 patients with mCRPC treated at the Mayo Clinic between 2011 and 2017. We identified two cohorts, 80 patients (group A) received full course docetaxel chemotherapy followed by second generation hormone therapy (2nd gen androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]; Abiraterone or Enzalutamide) and 32 patients (group B) treated with 2nd gen ADT followed by docetaxel. The primary endpoint evaluated was 3-year cancer-specific survival. Results Mean prostate specific antigen at initiation of first treatment was 32.0 in group A and 21.7 in group B (P = .4). Bone metastases were more prevalent in group B (87% vs 58%, P = .01). All other clinicopathologic variables were statistically similar between group A and group B. Three-year cancer-specific survival was 87.4% vs 64.1% for group A and group B, respectively (P = .016). We report a univariate hazard ratio of 3.61 (95% CI, 1.74-9.5, 0 P = .01). Three-year overall survival was 82.4% and 60.8% for group A and group B, P = .01. These results held true when excluding patients with lymph node only metastasi. Conclusion Our data indicates that sequence of systemic therapy may influence outcomes for mCRPC and that docetaxel should be considered before 2nd generation ADT. Our results support the importance of earlier chemotherapy in the castration resistant state.
INACTIVATION OF MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE BY IRREVERSIBLE COVALENT OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Oxidative damage has an important role in cardiovascular disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage macromolecules, resulting in cell death and tissue damage. Mitochondria are the major cellular source of ROS. To counter the production of ROS and damage that they cause, mitochondria contain
Estimation of Fines Generation in Blasting Using Dynamic Rock Properties and a Near-Field PPV Damage Model

In the hard-rock mining industry, the generation of fines during blasting is an important issue because it has a significant effect on production processes. Although various approaches have been used to estimate fines generation in recent decades, as a practical matter, measuring the amount of fines is nearly impossible given the technical limitations and the scale of mine blasts. In this study, a dynamic PPV damage model was developed and applied to predict fines generation as a result of blasting. This modified version of the crushed zone model (CZM) considers dynamic rock properties and peak particle velocity (PPV), which represents the induced stress in blasting. Dynamic rock-fracturing tests were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the parameters that represent the relationships between rock strength and strain rate as well as the relationships between fines amount and strain rate in the model. A case study was conducted that entailed determining the radius of the crushed zone for given blast designs and rock properties and then measuring the fines amount within this crushed zone. This case study indicated that the dynamic PPV model can provide a rough estimate of fines generation for given dynamic rock properties and blast design parameters and that this method has the potential to be a useful indicator, or index, of fines generation.
Diagnosing atmospheric communication of a sealed monitor chamber

Daily output variations of up to ±2% were observed for a protracted time on a Varian TrueBeam® STx; these output variations were hypothesized to be the result of atmospheric communication of the sealed monitor chamber. Daily changes in output relative to baseline, measured with an ionization chamber array (DQA3) and the amorphous silicon flat panel detector (IDU) on the TrueBeam®, were compared with daily temperature-pressure corrections (PTP ) determined from sensors within the DQA3. Output measurements were performed using a Farmer® ionization chamber over a 5-hour period, during which there was controlled variation in the monitor chamber temperature. The root mean square difference between percentage output change from baseline measured with the DQA3 and IDU was 0.50% over all measurements. Over a 7-month retrospective review of daily changes in output and PTP , weak correlation (R2 = 0.30) was observed between output and PTP for the first 5 months; for the final 2 months, daily output changes were linearly correlated with changes in PTP , with a slope of 0.84 (R2 = 0.89). Ionization measurements corrected for ambient temperature and pressure during controlled heating and cooling of the monitor chamber differed from expected values for a sealed monitor chamber by up to 4.6%, but were consistent with expectation for an air-communicating monitor chamber within uncertainty (1.3%, k = 2). Following replacement of the depressurized monitor chamber, there has been no correlation between daily percentage change in output and PTP (R2 = 0.09). The utility of control charts is demonstrated for earlier identification of changes in the sensitivity of a sealed monitor chamber.
From Robots to Humans: Newspaper Coverage of Mars in the United States and the United Kingdom 2011–2016

The global news media have documented space science and missions since the space race began in the 1950s. Only recently has that coverage turned toward Mars exploration and colonization as more gov...
Cyber-Safety Analysis of an Industrial Control System for Chillers Using STPA-Sec

As Industrial Control Systems (ICS) become increasingly software-intensive and more complex, the traditional approaches to cybersecurity that undertake a narrow, static technical view of the system are proving to be increasingly inept in the face of new threat vectors and vulnerabilities. To date, most attacks on Energy Systems have targeted either the IT infrastructure (e.g., the Aramco Shamoo attack) or Circuit breakers of Operational Technology (e.g., the Ukraine attack.). In such cases, recovery is usually rather fast – either by rebooting computers or resetting breakers. But, if the Operation Technology equipment, especially the important, large, customized equipment, is physically damaged, recovery can take weeks or even months. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to identify cyber vulnerabilities that have the potential to cause physical damage in industrial control systems using the MIT Central Utilities Plant as a use-case. It is shown that the method provides a well-guided and structured analysis process to unveil new cyber vulnerabilities that span not only technical aspects but also the broader socio-organizational system. The method ties system-level losses to violation of constraints at both the component-level as well as the process level and provides recommendations to make the system more resilient by defining additional constraints to control vulnerabilities in the system.
Initial Misdiagnosis of Proximal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Is Associated with Delay in Diagnosis and Advanced Stage at Presentation

Delay in diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with decreased survival. The effect of an initial misdiagnosis on delay in diagnosis and stage of PDAC is unknown. This study is a retrospective review (2000–2010) from a University-based cancer center of new diagnoses of proximal PDAC. Of 313 patients, 98 (31.3 %) had an initial misdiagnosis. Misdiagnosed patients were younger, 62.8 ± 12.6 vs. 68.0 ± 10.1 (p < 0.001). The most common initial misdiagnoses were: gallbladder disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease. After excluding patients with prior cholecystectomy, 14.2 % were misdiagnosed with gallbladder disease and underwent cholecystectomy before PDAC diagnosis. Misdiagnosed patients had higher rates of abdominal pain (p < 0.001), weight loss (p = 0.04), and acute pancreatitis (p < 0.001) and lower rate of jaundice (p < 0.001). Median time between symptoms to PDAC diagnosis was longer in misdiagnosed: 4.2 months vs. 1.4 (p < 0.001). Median time from contact with medical provider to axial imaging was longer in misdiagnosed (p < 0.001). Rate of stages III–IV disease at diagnosis was higher in misdiagnosed: 61.2 vs. 43.7 % (p = 0.004), with a 1.4 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.74) higher risk of stages III–IV disease at diagnosis; however, there was no difference in median overall survival in misdiagnosed patients (9.6 months in misdiagnosed vs. 10.3 months in correctly diagnosed, p = 0.69). Initial misdiagnosis of patients with proximal PDAC is associated with delay in diagnosis and higher risk of locally advanced or advanced disease at time of PDAC diagnosis.
The Division of Labor, Coordination Costs and the Growth of Government

The paper develops a dynamic, general equilibrium model of specialization-driven growth in which the private cost of coordinating among specialists is a function of public expenditure on physical and institutional infrastructure. Growth is characterized by endogenous increases in labor specialization, the capital-labor ratio, coordination costs, market size, and the interdependence of economic agents. In addition, model provides an explanation for a frequently ignored stylized fact of economic growth, the secular rise of government's share of output, in terms of the economic role of the government.
Review of select causes of drug-induced AKI.

Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important problem that is frequently encountered by clinicians [1]. Both prescribed and over-the-counter agents have the potential to injure all renal c...
Traffic protection and restoration schemes in core routers/switches

As the usage of Internet is getting more widespread, users expect its availability to approach that of telephone networks. From the perspective of the users, they should be able to communicate in spite of hardware and software failures, network maintenance and upgrades. Even the quality of service should be maintained for better than 99.9% of time for high priority traffic. To provide such high availability, Internet Service Providers not only install network equipment that is highly reliable, but also provide alternate paths of communication between switches by reserving resources on the network that are only fully utilized in case of failure to redirect traffic away from the point of failure. This paper provides overview of the protection and restoration schemes present in the routers in the core of the network and guidelines of how to use these schemes.
A Path‐Specific SEIR Model for use with General Latent and Infectious Time Distributions

Most current Bayesian SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Removed (or Recovered)) models either use exponentially distributed latent and infectious periods, allow for a single distribution on the latent and infectious period, or make strong assumptions regarding the quantity of information available regarding time distributions, particularly the time spent in the exposed compartment. Many infectious diseases require a more realistic assumption on the latent and infectious periods. In this article, we provide an alternative model allowing general distributions to be utilized for both the exposed and infectious compartments, while avoiding the need for full latent time data. The alternative formulation is a path-specific SEIR (PS SEIR) model that follows individual paths through the exposed and infectious compartments, thereby removing the need for an exponential assumption on the latent and infectious time distributions. We show how the PS SEIR model is a stochastic analog to a general class of deterministic SEIR models. We then demonstrate the improvement of this PS SEIR model over more common population averaged models via simulation results and perform a new analysis of the Iowa mumps epidemic from 2006.