cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplifying Tool Usage in Teleoperative Tasks

Modern robotic research has presented the opportunity for enhanced teleoperative systems. Teleprogramming has been developed for teleoperation in time-delayed environments, but can also lead to increased productivity in non-delayed teleoperation. Powered tools are used to increase the abilities of the remote manipulator. However, tools add to the complexity of the system, both in terms of control and sensing. Teleprogramming can be used to simplify the operators interaction with the manipulator/tool system. Further, the adaptive sensing algorithm of the remote site system (using an instrumented compliant wrist for feedback) simplifies the sensory requirements of the system. Current remote-site implementation of a teleprogramming tool-usage strategy that simplifies tool use is described in this document. The use of powered tools in teleoperation tasks is illustrated by two examples, one using an air-powered impact wrench, and the other using an electric winch. Both of these tools are implemented at our remote site workcell, consisting of a Puma 560 robot working on the task of removing the top of a large box.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Impact of Hybrid Wet/Dry Cooling on Concentrating Solar Power Plant Performance

This paper examines the sensitivity of Rankine cycle plant performance to dry cooling and hybrid (parallel) wet/dry cooling combinations with the traditional wet-cooled model as a baseline. Plants with a lower temperature thermal resource are more sensitive to fluctuations in cooling conditions, and so the lower temperature parabolic trough plant is analyzed to assess the maximum impact of alternative cooling configurations. While low water-use heat rejection designs are applicable to any technology that utilizes a Rankine steam cycle for power generation, they are of special interest to concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies that are located in arid regions with limited water availability. System performance is evaluated using hourly simulations over the course of a year at Daggett, CA. The scope of the analysis in this paper is limited to the power block and the heat rejection system, excluding the solar field and thermal storage. As such, water used in mirror washing, maintenance, etc., is not included. Thermal energy produced by the solar field is modeled using NREL’s Solar Advisor Model (SAM).Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Increase of Postsynaptic Dopaminergic Transmission by Presynaptic Actions of Cocaine

Cocaine is believed to modify dopaminergic transmission by blocking reuptake thereby increasing the concentration in the synaptic cleft. The elevated dopamine concentrations at the synapse can affect both post- and presynaptic dopamine receptors. Since the former receptor mediates the functional effects of dopamine while the latter suppresses subsequent release of dopamine, it is unclear whether cocaine would enhance or diminish dopamine's influences. Results of the present study indicated that the primary functional result of cocaine is to enhance dopamine's postsynaptic effects.
Approach and escape to conspecific odors of reward and nonreward in rats

A three-compartment box was used, and a reward odor, or nonreward (extinction) odor, produced by another rat, was present in the middle compartment. Two control odor procedures were also used. The results showed that rats will approach a location in which another rat has previously been given reward more rapidly than they will escape from that location, but showed the opposite effect when the odor was produced by a rat undergoing extinction. The mere presence of an odor associated with another rat had the effect of producing much slower locomotion as compared to a no-odor control condition.
Binding sites for 125I-neuropeptide Y (NPY) on membranes from bovine adrenal medulla

Bovine adrenal medulla membranes were examined for the presence of specific 125I-neuropeptide Y (125I-NPY) binding sites using rapid centrifugation to measure the amount of bound ligand. Specific binding was determined from the difference between 125I-NPY bound in the presence and absence of 10(-7) M unlabeled NPY. The binding was saturable and reached equilibrium within 5 min at 0 degrees C. Analysis of specific 125I-NPY binding using the LIGAND computer program indicated a best fit for a two site model with a Kd of 0.26 nM and a Bmax of 12 fmol/mg protein for the high affinity site and a Kd of 170 nM and a Bmax of 6 pmol/mg protein for the low affinity site. The rate of dissociation (k-1) was 0.071/min with a t1/2 of 9 min. Displacement curves for avian or human pancreatic polypeptide revealed that these peptides displaced 125I-NPY from both sites with IC50 values greater than 10 nM.
Accountants as layoff survivors: A research note

Abstract The beginning of the 21st century was witness to a wave of global forces and economic shocks that threatened the job security of accountants. Events such as the bursting of the stock market bubble, outsourcing, restructurings, and 9/11 created a dramatic rise in layoffs of white-collar workers. Drawing from theoretical and empirical research in the management and psychology literatures, the current study employed a field survey in testing a comprehensive model of the relationship among layoff survivors’ perceptions, psychological states, attitudes, and intentions. Our sample consisted of 125 accountants who had survived recent workforce reductions at a United States aircraft manufacturer in the wake of reduced demand following 9/11. The results of our structural equation analyses indicated that accounting survivors’ perceptions of procedural and interactional organizational justice affected their post-layoff stress and job insecurity, which in turn directly and indirectly influenced job satisfaction, affective commitment, and intent to turnover.
Air deregulation revisited: Choice of aircraft, load factors, and marginal-cost fares for domestic air travel

Abstract If airline deregulation is working as predicted, then fares should fall to marginal costs. This paper computes such optimal fares, allowing for a wide variation in point-to-point distance, traffic, and available aircraft type. It is shown that marginal-cost fares are exceeded by average carrier costs. This implies an unpleasant dilemma: either the industry is naturally destructive (if the returns are internal to firms) or else the sustainable industry configuration is less than welfare-optimal. In the latter case, the possibility of a Pareto-improvement with a judicious form of re-regulation cannot be ruled out. In light of this, a certain amount of caution about the results of deregulation is suggested.
The ontogeny of biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction.

Purpose of review Biochemical markers are available to detect cardiac involvement in many pediatric disease states and should be considered. Recent findings Analyses of three markers are readily available in clinical laboratories for improved diagnosis. Summary Increased workload of the heart has been associated with the release of biochemical markers (natriuretic peptides and cardiac enzymes) that indicate that a new genetic program has been activated and maladaptation is occurring in the atria, ventricles, or both. This review summarizes those that have been identified in fetal and pediatric practice. The expression of such markers is traced from early embryonic development to fetal life, to the neonate, to childhood, and then to adult life.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome in a patient with metastatic lung cancer to brain.

A 65-year-old right-handed woman with history of nonsmall-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) metastatic to the brain presented to the emergency room with right facial weakness. She was diagnosed with lung cancer 3 months prior after a workup for persistent cough and dyspnea. Biopsy revealed poorly differentiated NSCLC. Staging brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple enhancing lesions consistent with metastatic disease to the CNS. She received a cycle of Carboplatin and paclitaxel and whole brain irradiation. Two days prior to admission, she underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for residual metastatic disease following administration of intravenous steroids. These lesions were cortically based and not in the typical location of the gray–white junction (Fig. 1). Significantly, none of these metastatic lesions (left medial parietal region, left parietal region, right frontal cystic lesion and right superior frontal region) was close to the brain stem or the right 7th cranial nerve. On admission, spinal fluid evaluation showed glucose of 80 mg/dl, protein of 108 mg/dl, 80 white blood cells (85% lymphocytes), and 15 red blood cells. Cytology (14 cc) evaluation was negative for malignant cells. The patient was treated empirically with Valacyclovir and two additional spinal fluid evaluations were obtained to rule out carcinomatous meningitis (12 and 10 cc, respectively). On the forth hospital day a vesicular rash was noted over the patient’s right ear (Fig. 2). Cerebrospinal Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) PCR returned positive. The patient was diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and anti-viral treatment was continued for 2 weeks. This case emphasizes the importance of meticulous evaluation in a patient presenting with cranial neuropathy and metastatic cancer. If no other diagnosis was found, the patient would have met the criteria for presumed carcinomatous meningitis [1] and may have received chemotherapy. Unfortunately, not all patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome develop a rash [2] and even though VZV PCR is highly specific, it is positive in only about 44% of the cases [3].
On loading, yield and quasi-yield hypersurfaces in plasticity theory

Abstract In the context of the author's previously published “simple” theory of plasticity[1] in which no loading or yield surfaces are assumed to exist, it is shown that (a) loading surfaces must exist for a plastic material as a result of Caratheodory's theorem on Pfaffian forms, and that (b) a yield hypersurface in state space may be defined as the boundary of the region in which no loading surfaces exist (the elastic region) if this region has a positive volume, otherwise this region degenerates into the quasi-yield hypersurface. The significance of loading and yield (or quasi-yield) hypersurfaces is further explored for one-component loadings, with particular attention to the Bauschinger effect and kinematic hardening.
Serotonin-containing neurons in Drosophila melanogaster: development and distribution

Antibodies made against serotonin (5HT) were used to identify the serotonin neuronal system in the developing and adult nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. The 5HT neuronal pattern is composed of a small number of neurons, 84 in larvae and 106 in adults, distributed in clusters composed of one to five neurons in the CNS; 5HT immunoreactive (5HT-IR) neurons appear to be predominantly intrasegmental interneurons; however, intersegmental 5HT-IR fibers are observed and at least some neurons send peripheral fibers. Acquisition of 5HT immunoreactivity in the CNS occurs late in embryogenesis, by 16-18 hours, and most if not all the 5HT neurons appear to persist into adulthood. During early metamorphosis, the intensity of 5HT-IR neuropil transiently decreases. Other changes in the CNS during this period are reflected in the appearance of two new 5HT clusters and 5HT-IR neuropil in the developing optic lobes. Comparison of the 5HT-IR pattern with other transmitter systems in Drosophila as well as comparison of the 5HT-IR pattern within different insect species is presented.
Urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible in boars.

Abstract Boars that had a catheter implanted surgically in the urinary bladder (n = 10) were used to determine the magnitude of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder during ejaculation (Experiments 1 and 2) and the post-ejaculatory retention of spermatozoa in the urethra (Experiment 2). The overall mean (± SD) total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculates of boars used in Experiments 1 and 2 was 62 ± 25 × 10 9 and 65 ± 33 × 10 9 , respectively. The overall mean adjusted total number of spermatozoa in the post-ejaculation urine of boars was 106 ± 537 × 10 6 in Experiment 1, and 41 ± 242 × 10 6 in Experiment 2. The overall mean percentage of retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder was 0.15 ± 0.78% for the boars used in Experiment 1, and 0.03 ± 0.16% for boars used in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, the overall mean percentage of urethral loss of spermatozoa was 0.45 ± 1.02%, and the overall mean percentage of total urinary losses was 0.48 ± 1.03%. These findings demonstrate that in boars, in contrast to bulls, rams, dogs, and cats, urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible.
Maintaining QoS for publish/subscribe middleware in dynamic environments

Emerging trends and challenges. The number and type of distributed systems that utilize publish/subscribe (pub/sub) technologies are growing due to the advantages of performance, cost, and scale compared with single computers [1, 2]. Examples of pub/sub middleware include Web Services Brokered Notification (www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsn), the Java Message Service (JMS) (java.sun.com/products/jms), the CORBA Event Service (www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/event_service.htm), and the Data Distribution Sendee (DDS) (www.omg.org/spec/DDS). These technologies support data propagation throughout a system using an anonymous subscription model that decouples event suppliers and consumers.
Warriors for the Fatherland: National Consciousness and Archaeology in Barbarian Epirus and Verdant Ionia, 1912-22

Nationalism has exercised a profound influence on the discipline of archaeology, in many cases determining research agenda, even where its effects may not be obvious at first glance. This paper contributes to the current discourse concerning the relationship between nationalist ideology and archaeology by examining two instances where, in the early decades of the 20th century, the military agenda of Greece shaped a nationalist program of archaeological research: in southern Albania (1912-13) and in western Turkey (1920-22). In both cases, this archaeological project has made contributions of inestimable value to the policies of the state; reverberations may still be heard, nearly a century later, in the public attitudes that shape political policy in the southern Balkans. I suggest that archaeologists can contribute to constructing new relationships between archaeology and the state that have the potential to avoid pitfalls and abuses of the past.
Formation of Silicon-Gold Eutectic Bond Using Localized Heating Method

A new bonding technique is proposed by using localized heating to supply the bonding energy. Heating is achieved by applying a dc current through micromachined heaters made of gold which serves as both the heating and bonding material. At the interface of silicon and gold, the formation of eutectic bond takes place in about 5 minutes. Assembly of two substrates in microfabrication processes can be achieved by using this method. In this paper the following important results are obtained: 1) Gold diffuses into silicon to form a strong eutectic bond by means of localized heating. 2) The bonding strength reaches the fracture toughness of the bulk silicon. 3) This bonding technique greatly simplifies device fabrication and assembly processes.
Detection of individual human chromosomes by chromosome in situ suppression hybridization using PCR-amplified bacteriophage library probes

Abstract We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to prepare chromosome-specific probes from the bacteriophage λ library LA01NS01, prepared at the Los Alamos National Laboratory from flow sorted human chromosome 1. By using oligonucleotide primers flanking the EcoRI insertion site of the Charon 21A vector, we were able to amplify the human sequences preferentially in the library up to 9.1 kb (maximum insert size). The product of the PCR reaction was nick translated with incorporation of biotinylated residues and used with fluorescence in situ hybridization to observe metaphase chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy. This technique allows for a relatively easy method for preparation of chromosome-specific library probes for “chromosome painting.” The quality of the results obtained by this method compares favorably to those obtained by using bulk-purified library inserts. This method offers potential advantages in terms of cost and east of use.
Developmental patterns of NF-κB activation during acute hypoxia in the caudal brainstem of the rat

Abstract NF-κB, an ubiquitous transcription factor which plays a major role in the regulation of stress-related genes, is activated during environmental hypoxia in the dorsocaudal brainstem of adult rats. To examine the developmental pattern of NF-κB basal activity in the brainstem and the response to hypoxia, electromobility shift assays and immunohistochemical staining for the P65 subunit of NF-κB were performed in caudal brainstem samples of rats at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 60 days postnatal age, following normoxic or hypoxic (1 h in 10% O 2 ) exposures. In addition, the expression of IκB-α, and IκB kinases (ikk)-α and -β was also examined using Western blots. Basal NF-κB nuclear activity and nuclear P65 immunoreactivity increased with maturation. In contrast, hypoxia induced enhanced activation of NF-κB and nuclear translocation of P65 in youngest animals. Expression of both IκB-α and ikk-α was highest in the more immature rats, and decreased with postnatal age. In contrast, ikk-β expression was unchanged over time. We conclude that NF-κB activity in caudal brainstem is developmentally regulated, and that hypoxia-induced NF-κB activation is more prominent in youngest rats. We postulate that postnatal regulation of NF-κB complex expression and function may underlie fundamental genomic processes mediating developmental changes in neuronal hypoxic tolerance.
Denying Armageddon: Preventing Terrorist Use of Nuclear Weapons

The United States can significantly reduce the likelihood of a nuclear terrorist attack if it pursues a vigorous, multilayered approach. Such an approach involves controlling nuclear technology and materials, manipulating the black market, and monitoring the behavior of aspiring nuclear actors. After analyzing each of these components, this article outlines the broad contours of a national preventative strategy that should give the nonproliferation community some cause for optimism.
Implantable wireless dosimeters for radiation oncology

In this paper, we present the development of two radiation detectors for accurate dose monitoring in radiation oncology. The first one is a passive MEMS-based miniature ionization chamber for total accumulated dose measurement. A sensitivity of 49kHz/Gy in a dynamic range of 30Gy was achieved in an LC configuration. The second transducer is based on a sensitive solid-state structure that can be used in active interrogation schemes. This sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 50kΩ/Gy in a dynamic range of 20Gy.
Prevention of DNA re-replication in eukaryotic cells

DNA replication is a highly regulated process involving a number of licensing and replication factors that function in a carefully orchestrated manner to faithfully replicate DNA during every cell cycle. Loss of proper licensing control leads to deregulated DNA replication including DNA re-replication, which can cause genome instability and tumorigenesis. Eukaryotic organisms have established several conserved mechanisms to prevent DNA re-replication and to counteract its potentially harmful effects. These mechanisms include tightly controlled regulation of licensing factors and activation of cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoints. Deregulated licensing control and its associated compromised checkpoints have both been observed in tumor cells, indicating that proper functioning of these pathways is essential for maintaining genome stability. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of licensing control, the deleterious consequences when both licensing and checkpoints are compromised, and present possible mechanisms to prevent re-replication in order to maintain genome stability.
Recursion-driven parallel code generation for multi-core platforms

We present Huckleberry, a tool for automatically generating parallel implementations for multi-core platforms from sequential recursive divide-and-conquer programs. The recursive programming model is a good match for parallel systems because it highlights the temporal and spatial locality of data use. Recursive algorithms are used by Huckleberry's code generator not only to automatically divide a problem up into smaller tasks, but also to derive lower-level parts of the implementation, such as data distribution and inter-core synchronization mechanisms. We apply Huckleberry to a multi-core platform based on the Cell BE processor and show how it generates parallel code for a variety of sequential benchmarks.
Quasi-Experimental Design, Constituency, and Advancing Women’s Interests: Reexamining the Influence of Gender on Substantive Representation

Research investigating whether female legislators provide more effective substantive representation on women’s issues than their male colleagues faces a significant methodological hurdle. Models us...
Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism management: new directions in contemporary tourism research

This research note focuses on tourism to heritage sites with a controversial history and sites associated with death, disaster, and the macabre. Several new concepts and research directions have em...
Numerical dose-compensated in vitro fertilization inseminations yield high fertilization and pregnancy rates.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate in cases with morphologically abnormal sperm whether fertilization and pregnancy rates are increased by normalizing the number of sperm inseminated and whether biomarkers can identify cases of reduced or failed fertilization. Design: Prospective studies of sperm morphology and function. Setting: University hospital assisted human reproduction program. Patient(s): Partners of 308 women undergoing IVF. Intervention(s): Motile sperm populations were assessed for sperm head morphology, for surface receptors for mannose and progesterone binding, and the ability to undergo a free mannose-induced acrosome reaction. Zinc in seminal plasma was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sperm morphology was associated with fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates. Biomarker analyses were correlated with fertilization rates using Kruskal-Wallis tests, χ 2 tests, and Spearman rank order correlations. Result(s): Fertilization and pregnancy rates after numerical dose compensation inseminations were indistinguishable between men with differing percentages of normal sperm. Biomarker deficits were identified irrespective of sperm head morphology in 96% of cases of reduced or failed fertilization. Conclusion(s): Fertilization and pregnancy rates in cases of abnormal morphology are optimized by inseminating at least 25,000 sperm/mL with normal acrosomes. Reduced or failed fertilization can be predicted by testing for molecular deficits in mannose receptor expression and mannose-stimulated acrosome loss.
A shared information system architecture for integrating risk management tools: a case study

Many organizations would benefit from enterprise-wide, shared information systems. It is common for these organizations to have in place a number of smaller information systems, each of which solves a portion of the problem. Typically, these smaller systems will have been developed independently of one another. As a result, they exhibit many forms of heterogeneity, which pose many impediments to integration. In this paper, we propose and justify an architecture suitable for integrating these smaller systems into a shared information system. The architecture must, to varying degrees of importance, be flexible, responsive, space-efficient, scalable, easy to use, and reliable. The integration effort must also be taken into account. Illustrations are taken from an ongoing case study in which two systems that operate on complementary areas of risk management are being integrated and extended.
Periorbital infections after Dermabond closure of traumatic lacerations in three children.

Purpose To report the occurrence of periorbital infections in 3 children treated with the tissue adhesive 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond) after traumatic periorbital laceration. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients referred to Vanderbilt Children's Hospital for the treatment of periorbital infections to identify cases associated with the use of Dermabond. The clinical features and outcomes of each case were reviewed. We performed a meta-analysis of published cases to identify any association of tissue adhesive with wound infection rate. Results The review identified 3 patients, all of whom were younger than 3 years of age and developed cellulitis within 24 hours of wound closure. Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy was started in less than 3 hours in all cases. Cultures were obtained in 2 of the 3 cases; both grew Streptococcus pyogenes . Two cases required surgical intervention, including one with necrotizing fasciitis. In the meta-analysis, the wound infection rate was 1.8% in tissue adhesive closure and 0.3% in standard wound closure (odds ratio 6.0; 95% confidence interval 0.7-50.3, P = 0.06). Conclusions The development of periorbital cellulitis after the closure of periorbital lacerations with Dermabond should alert the physician to the possibility of periorbital infection, including necrotizing fasciitis. The literature review suggests a trend toward an increased infection rate with tissue adhesive closure. We propose that ineffective wound sterilization before tissue adhesive wound closure may be a contributing factor.
Architecture for an Offline Parallel Debugger

This paper provides and overview of the {\it GDBase} framework for offline parallel debuggers. The framework was designed to become the basis of debugging tools which scale successfully on systems with tens to hundreds of thousands of cores. With several systems coming online at more than 50,000 cores in the past year, debuggers which can run at these scales are now required. The proposed framework offers two features not found in current generation debugging tools: the ability to debug "offline'', and a central database to act as a repository of debugging information. These two features enable the GDBase debugger to offer several advantages. The debugger can be used in conjunction with modern batch systems with low overhead, with user interaction taking place after the parallel system resources are freed. The use of a database and a simple API allows for multiple interfaces and data mining tools to be implemented to provide novel ways of viewing and analyzing debugging data. The database also enables cross-run analysis, and the combination of debugging, performance, and system health information. Evidence is provided of the scalability of the framework, as well as output from several simple analysis tools that have been implemented.
Rapid prototyping using laser created interconnects

The Laser Restructuring Laboratory at the Center for Microelectronics Research (CMR) has pursued rapid prototyping technologies for electronic systems using novel laser restructuring techniques. Laser restructuring of electronic circuits offers great potential for a low-cost, quick turn around alternative to customized product verification before commitment to mass production. Laser created interconnects in integrated circuits (ICs) at the wafer or packaged chip level is accomplished by creating low electrical resistance links between conductor lines. The primary focus of this paper is to report a new interconnect that has been developed at CMR. This new interconnect has the potential for not only quick prototyping of electronics circuit applications but also for substrate level interconnect routing in multichip modules. The developed laser vertical link (LVL), the 4/sub -/2 LVL, has resistance values below 5 /spl Omega/ and shows no leakage to substrate after laser processing. A new test chip TC8.1 was designed at CMR and fabricated with 7 different viable interconnects. The test structures were designed with four point probe capabilities for accurate resistance measurements. Using Design of Experiment techniques supported by statistical data analysis this interconnect was studied. The optimum set of laser parameters were arrived at by optimizing the statistical model. Results of the full characterization of this interconnect are presented. >
Avunculocality and incest: the development of unilateral cross-cousin marriage and Crow-Omaha kinship systems

IN THIS paper1 we present a theory of the development of Crow-Omaha kinship systems2 and unilateral cross-cousin marriage. This theory builds upon the important contribution recently made by Lane and Lane (1959: 25465) concerning Crow-Omaha kinship systems and departs radically from the theory of unilateral cross-cousin marriage presented by Homans and Schneider (1955). In this presentation we presuppose much of the analysis of kinship organization given by Murdock in his Social Structure (1949). Throughout this paper we shall test theoretical statements against the massive amount of data presented in Murdock's World Ethnographic Sample (1957:664-87).3 It has long been known (Lowie 1917:151-52) that Crow-Omaha kinship systems are associated with matrilineal and patrilineal descent respectively. Homans and Schneider (1955:34-35) have shown, and Murdock (1957:687) has confirmed, that patrilateral cross-cousin marriage (PCCM) and matrilateral cross-cousin marriage (MCCM)4 are associated with matrilineal and patrilineal descent groups respectively. Recently, Lane and Lane (1959:257-58) have noted that marriage rules affect the alignment of kin types in kin groups and, more importantly, have claimed that MCCM produces the correct alignment for Crow-Omaha terminologies in matrilineal and patrilineal societies respectively.5 Since they accept the view, strongly confirmed by Murdock (1949:113-83), that common kin-group membership is a major factor in common kinship classification, they are led to suggest that: "Crow-Omaha systems of terminology may be associated not only with matrilineal and patrilineal sibs respectively, but also with matrilateral cross-cousin marriage" (1959:258).
Commingling analysis of memory performance in offspring of Alzheimer patients

Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is a neurodegenerative disorder which afflicts approximately 3% of the population. Genetic influences are indicated from twin and family studies although genetic heterogeneity has been suggested from both pedigree analyses and linkage investigations. Autosomal dominant inheritance with age-dependent penetrance has been suggested in at least some families with DAT. In the present investigation, we examine memory and nonmemory task performance in 106 asymptomatic offspring (mean age 40.6 years) of 54 DAT probands. Intraclass sibling correlations revealed little evidence of sibling similarity for performance on three memory tasks which have been reported to be relatively sensitive to the memory losses accompanying DAT. Subsequent investigations of the distributions of the cognitive task scores in the offspring revealed evidence for a commingling of two distributions for the three memory tasks but not for the nonmemory measures. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that these distributions reflect genotypic subgroups, carriers, and noncarriers, of a presumed DAT gene.
Group mean differences of voxel and surface objects via nonlinear averaging

Building of atlases representing average and variability of a population of images or of segmented objects is a key topic in application areas like brain mapping, deformable object segmentation and object classification. Recent developments in image averaging, i.e. constructing an image which is central within the population, focus on unbiased atlas building with nonlinear deformations. Groupwise nonlinear image averaging creates images which appear sharper than linear results. However, volumetric atlases do not explicitly carry a notion of statistics of embedded shapes. This paper compares population-based linear and non-linear image averaging on 3D objects segmented from each image and compares voxel-based versus surface-based representations. Preliminary results suggest improved locality of group average differences for the nonlinear scheme, which might lead to increased significance for hypothesis testing. Results from a clinical MRI study with sets of subcortical structures of children scanned at two years with follow-up at four years are shown.
Real disturbances, relative prices and purchasing power parity

Abstract This paper tests a modified version of purchasing power parity which hypothesizes that real shocks that alter equilibrium relative prices between tradables and non-tradables are responsible for the deviations from purchasing power parity. Using cointegration/error-correction methods and quarterly data from the post Bretton Woods period, we find supportive evidence that productivity, government spending and real world oil price might account for deviations from purchasing power parity.
Latest development in chip scale package laser marking and micro laser marking

New laser marking technology has been developed to address emerging industrial challenges. Permanent, ridge and debris free, and high contrast shallow marks (less than 1 micron) on the silicon wafers are achieved by using this new laser technology. The viewing of these marks is independent of the view angle, which is very unique an desirable. We have also developed the so-called micro marking technology that allows the mark font size to be much less than 0.3mm.
Dual-basis self-consistent field methods: 6-31G* calculations with a minimal 6-4G primary basis

The feasibility of the strongest possible dual-basis approximation to polarized valence double zeta Hartree–Fock and density functional theory calculations is explored. Specifically, to approximate...
Genetics of systemic autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis in mouse models of lupus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic antibody-mediated systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a high female predominance (90%), a broad spectrum of autoantibodies that typically includes reactivity to nuclear antigens, and multisystem pathology. There is no single discriminatory test, and clinical manifestations are highly variable among patients. There remains significant morbidity for most patients and increased mortality especially for those with renal or CNS involvement, despite the use of powerful immunosuppressive intervention. Although the cause of SLE is not known, there is substantial evidence pointing to a combination of underlying genetic susceptibility. Definition of the genetic basis for lupus would provide the means to not only identify predisposed individuals, but to develop therapeutics directed at correcting susceptibility gene defects or antagonists to the gene products critical for disease pathogenesis. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by the complex multifactorial inheritance and heterogeneity of SLE. Nonetheless, substantial progress in methods to identify genes responsible for polygenic disorders has been made over the past several years, particularly for animal models. Such models, involving genetically homogeneous animals, are particularly useful in studies of complex inheritance such as lupus because of the ability to control for genetic and environmental variations. Moreover, genetic manipulation can readily be performed to test the function of specific loci and genes. We, and others, are applying these strategies to lupus-prone mouse strains to identify and define the contributions of susceptibility genes, as well as to dissect the function of known genes in the pathogenesis of the disease. Loci predisposing to systemic autoimmunity in lupus-prone mouse strains
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Tick-Immune Guinea Pigs

We investigated whether Ixodes scapularis-mediated host immunity interrupts transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE) to guinea pigs. Ticks infected with aoHGE readily transmitted aoHGE to tick-immune guinea pigs, despite incomplete tick engorgement and host attachment. Although tick immunity can prevent Lyme borreliosis, protection is not afforded against granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
Clustering students to generate an ensemble to improve standard test score predictions

In typical assessment student are not given feedback, as it is harder to predict student knowledge if it is changing during testing. Intelligent Tutoring systems, that offer assistance while the student is participating, offer a clear benefit of assisting students, but how well can they assess students? What is the trade off in terms of assessment accuracy if we allow student to be assisted on an exam. In a prior study, we showed the assistance with assessments quality to be equal. In this work, we introduce a more sophisticated method by which we can ensemble together multiple models based upon clustering students. We show that in fact, the assessment quality as determined by the assistance data is a better estimator of student knowledge. The implications of this study suggest that by using computer tutors for assessment, we can save much instructional time that is currently used for just assessment.
Summer-Long Grazing of High vs. Low Endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-Infected Tall Fescue by Growing Beef Steers Results in Distinct Temporal Blood Analyte Response Patterns, with Poor Correlation to Serum Prolactin Levels.

Previously, we reported the effects of fescue toxicosis on developing Angus-cross steer growth, carcass, hepatic mRNA and protein expression profiles of selected serum proteins, and blood clinical and chemical profiles, after summer-long grazing (85 d) of high (HE)- vs low (LE)-endophyte-infected fescue pastures. We now report the temporal development of acute, intermediate, and chronic responses of biochemical and clinical blood analytes determined at specified time intervals (period 1, d 0 to 36; period 2, d 37 to 58; and period 3, d 59 to 85). Throughout the trial, the alkaloid concentrations of the HE forage was consistently 19 to 25 times greater (P < 0.049) the concentration in the LE forage, and HE vs LE steers had continuously lower (P < 0.049) serum prolactin (85%), cholesterol (27%), and albumin (5%), but greater red blood cells (7%). The HE steers had decreased (P = 0.003) ADG only during period 1 (-0.05 vs 0.4 kg/d). For period 1, HE steers had reduced (P < 0.090) numbers of eosinophils (55%) and lymphocytes (18%), serum triglyceride (27%), and an albumin/globulin ratio (9%), but an increased bilirubin concentration (20%). During period 2, serum LDH activities were 18% lower (P = 0.022) for HE vs LE steers. During period 3, serum levels of ALP (32%), ALT (16%), AST (15%), creatine kinase (35%), glucose (10%), and LDH (23%) were lower (P < 0.040) for HE steers. Correlation analysis of serum prolactin and other blood analytes revealed that triglycerides (P = 0.042) and creatinine (P = 0.021) were moderately correlated (r < 0.433) with HE serum prolactin. In conclusion, three HE-induced blood analyte response patterns were identified: continually altered, initially altered and subsequently “recovered”, or altered only after long-term exposure. Blood analytes affected by length of grazing HE vs LE forages were either not, or poorly, correlated with serum prolactin. These data reveal important, temporal, data about how young cattle respond to the challenge of consuming HE pasture.
Metabolic influences on satiety in rats receiving parenteral nutrition.

Food intake is reduced during parenteral nutrition (PN) proportionally to the amount of calories or composition of the solution infused. The relative importance of infused glucose and lipid, 50 and...
Law, Finance, and Venture Capitalists' Asset Allocation Decisions

In this paper, I find that excess demand for external financing in poor quality legal environments is particular to early stage or low collateral value ventures. However, excess demand for external financing from early stage non-technology intensive ventures is greater relative to that from early stage technology intensive ventures. I also find that the supply response by venture capitalists is sensitive to the level of excess demand for external financing. Later stage ventures in poor quality legal environments are not characterized by excess demand for external financing. Furthermore, later stage non-technology intensive ventures in poor quality contract enforcement environments are characterized by sub-optimal demand for venture capital financing. A structural model indicates that as the quality of the legal environment deteriorates, and moral hazard problems increase, equity becomes a more efficient security for financing small firms relative to debt instruments.
A flightless new species of Graphops LeConte, 1884 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Utah, USA.

Abstract Graphops cavani Clark and Heninger, new species, is described from Utah, USA. The adult host is Oenothera pallida Lindley growing in sandy habitats. Adults of the new species are flightless.
Slum Travelers: Ladies and London Poverty, 1860–1920 edited by Ellen Ross

In their classic piece of social welfare literature, Industrial Society and Social Welfare (1958), Harold Wilensky and Charles Lebeaux categorized and outlined the differences between the residual ...
Development of a Predictive Design Methodology for Structural Polymers Subject to Long-Term Loadings

A methodology for designing polymeric service components for resistance to creep rupture is presented. One of the major difficulties encountered when designing service components that must carry loads for extended periods of time, particularly at elevated temperatures, is the prevention of failures caused by creep rupture. Creep rupture typically occurs at stresses well below the static or quasi static failure stresses commonly used to evaluate the safety of the design. A predictive method is therefore required to guard against such failures.A Delrin 100 polymer is studied and its creep and creep rupture characteristics at temperatures ranging from 23°C to 85°C are determined. These properties are then used to formulate viscous creep and creep rupture models for use in the commercially available ABAQUS finite element program. The creep material model uses standardized creep test data, and the creep rupture model utilizes an element failure criteria used to predict the time to failure under various stress and temperature conditions. These material models are verified experimentally by performing creep and creep rupture tests at elevated temperatures, and reasonable agreement is seen. An axisymmetric finite element model of a typical service component used in a construction hand tool is then developed using the creep and creep rupture models developed for use in ABAQUS. Creep rupture is predicted over a range of loads and temperatures which are expected in service. Two creep rupture test fixtures are then designed for testing of the service component studied using ABAQUS. These fixtures are used to perform testing of two components simultaneously, and are capable of being loaded into an oven together to allow testing at elevated temperatures to be performed. The prediction of the time to creep rupture under actual service conditions computed by ABAQUS shows reasonable agreement with the component testing.A methodology for designing components for resistance to creep rupture failures is then developed which focuses on the determination of maximum allowable stresses for a given set of life and loading conditions. The methodology described in this report is validated experimentally by modifying the geometry of the service component to increase the maximum stress to a level which results in a creep rupture failure as predicted by ABAQUS. The component is tested at an elevated temperature and failure at a time near that predicted in the finite element analysis is seen. It is concluded that the utilization of this design methodology can increase service life at the temperatures and load levels seen in service.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Hydride as a Leaving Group in the Reaction of Pinacolborane with Halides under Ambient Grignard and Barbier Conditions. One-Pot Synthesis of Alkyl, Aryl, Heteroaryl, Vinyl, and Allyl Pinacolboronic Esters

Grignard reagents (aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, vinyl, or allylic) react with 1 equiv of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (pinacolborane, PinBH) at ambient temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford the corresponding pinacolboronates. The initially formed dialkoxy alkylborohydride intermediate quickly eliminates hydridomagnesium bromide (HMgBr) and affords the product boronic ester in very good yield. Hydridomagnesium bromide (HMgBr) in turn disproportionates to a 1:1 mixture of magnesium hydride (MgH2) and magnesium bromide (MgBr2) on addition of pentane to the reaction mixture. DFT calculations (Gaussian09) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory show that disproportionation of HMgBr to MgH2 and MgBr2 is viable in the coordinating ethereal solvents. This reaction also can be carried out under Barbier conditions, where the neat PinBH is added to the flask prior to the in situ formation of Grignard reagent from the corresponding organic halide and magnesium metal. Pinacolboronic ester syn...
Hypertension and the Kidney

Pathophysiologic and hereditary mechanisms impacting on the kidneys are crucial for the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. An appreciation of these renal mechanisms is important for the institution of appropriate antihypertensive therapy. The clinician must develop a physiologic algorithm to control systemic blood pressure while maintaining adequate blood supply to the kidneys. This approach is particularly important in patients at higher risk for progressive renal insufficiency (i.e., older patients, blacks, diabetics, and those with chronic renal failure). Better perfusion reduces the likelihood of activating the compensatory neurohormonal systems that augment the intrarenal effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, which ultimately may be responsible for renal structural changes leading to nephrosclerosis. In addition, dietary concerns are also important, particularly in the patients with evidence of early renal disease. Controlling blood pressure in a physiologic way by using drugs that can potentially dampen neurohormonal systems may prevent or at least delay the development of nephrosclerosis. Thus, the clinician should use an individualized therapeutic approach to the patient with hypertension. If nonpharmacologic means of blood pressure control are unsuccessful, an attempt should be made to blend the specific physiologic needs of the patient with specified pharmacologic antihypertensive mechanisms, paying particular attention to the preservation of renal function and perfusion.