cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Matter of Turf: Romanticism, Hippodrama, and Satire

This essay focuses on Matthew Lewis's hippodrama, "Timour the Tartar" (1811), the first play written exclusively for live horses to be performed at a London Theatre Royale (Covent Garden, April 1811). It explores the club culture of horse ownership, horse racing, and coach driving in Regency London to provide context for why Lewis's play was so controversial. It then explores the many satires that followed the play's success, and argues that the unwillingness of satirists to engage in anything other than mild burlesque stemmed from the play's success in tapping patriotic support for the Peninsular Campaign then proceeding in Spain and Portugal. In a culture where newspapers did not yet have illustrations and British readers could have little sense of a war occurring in distant lands, the play provided audiences with a chance to experience cavalry charges and sieges. As a result, satirists found themselves in a position where condemning the play was tantamount to criticizing the war campaign. The final section of the essay then tracks the attempts of Lord Byron to condemn the rage for hippodrama in his Drury Lane Address (1812), and shows the extent to which his poem was censored ("gelded," in his words) by key leaders of the Whig Opposition, who feared repercussions from Byron's poem.
Review of Democracy as Popular Sovereignty by Filimon Peonidis (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013).

Review of Democracy as Popular Sovereignty by Filimon Peonidis (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013).
The Stress Urinary Incontinence in CrossFit (SUCCeSS) Study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence (UI) in women who participate in CrossFit classes compared with women who participate in non-CrossFit group fitness classes. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of women who participate in either CrossFit or non-CrossFit group fitness classes using an online survey. Participants provided demographic information and completed the Incontinence Severity Index and Urinary Distress Inventory. Participants were recruited from local CrossFit and non-CrossFit gyms, online via social media, and an electronic CrossFit Newsletter. Associated comorbidities, exercises associated with UI, and coping mechanisms for urinary leakage were also assessed. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-three women meeting inclusion criteria completed the survey, including 322 CrossFit participants and 101 non-CrossFit participants. We found that CrossFit participants were older than non-CrossFit participants and more likely to self-identify as non-Hispanic white. CrossFit participants more commonly reported UI (84% vs 48%, P = <0.001), higher severity of UI (Urinary Distress Inventory score: 20.8 vs 12.5, P < 0.001), and specifically more stress UI (73% vs 47%, P < 0.001). Weightlifting and jumping movements were the most common exercises associated with UI in CrossFit participants. Age and participation in CrossFit are significant and independent predictors of UI. CONCLUSIONS More than 80% of CrossFit participants reported UI and half of these reported moderate-severe UI, as compared with women who participate in non-CrossFit classes, less than half of whom reported UI with a small minority reporting moderate-severe UI. Exercises most associated with UI were jumping and weightlifting.
Critical possibilities for teacher education

This article reviews the limitations of critical pedagogy in programs of teacher education, as well as several approaches of critical pedagogy, and the author, to surpass these limitations. I ask: ...
Poxviruses capture host genes by LINE-1 retrotransposition

Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides a major source of genetic variation. Many viruses, including poxviruses, encode genes with crucial functions directly gained by gene transfer from hosts. The mechanism of transfer to poxvirus genomes is unknown. Using genome analysis and experimental screens of infected cells, we discovered a central role for Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition in HGT to virus genomes. The process recapitulates processed pseudogene generation, but with host messenger RNA directed into virus genomes. Intriguingly, hallmark features of retrotransposition appear to favor virus adaption through rapid duplication of captured host genes on arrival. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized conduit of genetic traffic with fundamental implications for the evolution of many virus classes and their hosts. Summary Active selfish genetic elements in infected cells aid virus adaptation by catalyzing transfer of host genes to virus genomes.
Synthetic Lethal Interaction between the ESCRT Paralog Enzymes VPS4A and VPS4B in Cancers Harboring Loss of Chromosome 18q or 16q.

Few therapies target the loss of tumor suppressor genes in cancer. We examine CRISPR-SpCas9 and RNA-interference loss-of-function screens to identify new therapeutic targets associated with genomic loss of tumor suppressor genes. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) ATPases VPS4A and VPS4B score as strong synthetic lethal dependencies. VPS4A is essential in cancers harboring loss of VPS4B adjacent to SMAD4 on chromosome 18q and VPS4B is required in tumors with co-deletion of VPS4A and CDH1 (E-cadherin) on chromosome 16q. We demonstrate that more than 30% of cancers selectively require VPS4A or VPS4B. VPS4A suppression in VPS4B-deficient cells selectively leads to ESCRT-III filament accumulation, cytokinesis defects, nuclear deformation, G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and potent tumor regression. CRISPR-SpCas9 screening and integrative genomic analysis reveal other ESCRT members, regulators of abscission, and interferon signaling as modifiers of VPS4A dependency. We describe a compendium of synthetic lethal vulnerabilities and nominate VPS4A and VPS4B as high-priority therapeutic targets for cancers with 18q or 16q loss.
Sharp detection boundaries on testing dense subhypergraph

We study the problem of testing the existence of a dense subhypergraph. The null hypothesis is an Erdos-Renyi uniform random hypergraph and the alternative hypothesis is a uniform random hypergraph that contains a dense subhypergraph. We establish sharp detection boundaries in both scenarios: (1) the edge probabilities are known; (2) the edge probabilities are unknown. In both scenarios, sharp detectable boundaries are characterized by the appropriate model parameters. Asymptotically powerful tests are provided when the model parameters fall in the detectable regions. Our results indicate that the detectable regions for general hypergraph models are dramatically different from their graph counterparts.
Relation of Guideline Adherence to Outcomes in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation

Current guidelines empirically recommend serial clinical evaluations for asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). However, there is a paucity of data on the effectiveness of such monitoring. This study sought to examine the potential benefit of guideline adherence among asymptomatic patients with severe primary MR. Asymptomatic patients with severe primary MR who had been evaluated in the Allina Health system between January 1, 2012 and May 30, 2018 were examined. The medical records were manually reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, echocardiographic data, subsequent interventions, and clinical outcomes. Patients were grouped according to occurrence of guideline adherence, which was defined as a serial clinical evaluation with echocardiography every 12 ± 1 month until mitral valve surgery, or death. Over the study period, 246 patients (67.3 ± 15.5 years, 61.4% men) with severe, asymptomatic primary MR were identified, including 154 patients (62.6%) with and 92 patients (37.4%) without guideline adherence. Overall, there were no differences in demographics, morbidities, MR severity, or left ventricular function between patient adherence groups. During follow-up (40.9; 21.2, 58.3 months), patients with adherence more frequently had surgery or transcatheter therapy performed (64.3% vs 18.5%; p
Prostate cancer screening: a new way forward or another false start?

Serum PSA testing can identify men with clinically significant prostate cancer but exposes many more men to the diagnosis of indolent tumours. Benafif and colleagues have published the results of the BARCODE1 pilot study, in which they propose using germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms to identify men with a genetic risk of developing prostate cancer. Based on their preliminary findings, changing the current prostate cancer screening paradigm will be a challenge.
The Impact of Music Training and Working Memory on Speech Recognition in Older Age.

Purpose Music training has been proposed as a possible tool for auditory training in older adults, as it may improve both auditory and cognitive skills. However, the evidence to support such benefi...
Stoptions: Representations and Applications

We introduce a new derivative security called a stoption. After paying an upfront premium, the owner of a stoption accrues realized price changes in some underlying security until the exposure is stopped by the owner. Upon stopping, the reward is the sum of all of the previous price changes plus a deterministic amount which can vary with the stopping time. Stoptions are finite-lived and hence must be stopped at or before a fixed maturity date. We propose a particular discrete-time probabilistic model for the underlying's price changes and then determine the optimal stopping strategy and stoption premium for that model in closed-form. We also present an application to DVA (debit valuation adjustment) under full collateralization.
Mechanisms of Anesthetic Action

In 1846 Oliver Wendell Holmes coined the term anesthesia from the Greek word “anaesthesia” meaning “without sensation,” after William T.G. Morton, a Boston dentist, performed the first public demonstration of an inhalational anesthetic (ether). The most accepted current definition of general anesthesia is “a drug-induced, reversible condition composed of the behavioral states of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility along with physiological stability.” A major challenge to defining ideal state of general anesthesia is the fact that the site and mechanism of action of general anesthetics are not entirely known.
Theory and treatment of the X-inactivation chimera in female-prevalent autoimmune disease.

A bstract. T he vast majority of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren’ s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus are female. The female prevalence of such autoimmune diseases is poorly understood. In theory, X-chromosome inactivation and resultant tissue chimerism may explain the female predisposition t o systemic autoimmunity. For example, autoreactive T cells may fail to be tolerized by self antigens encoded by one of the two X chromosomes (the Kast conjecture). In the periphery, these autoreactive T cells may stimulate B cells expressing the target X-encoded antigen, so the Kast conjecture can be extended to explain how systemic autoimmunity may be induced. Another hypothesis proposes the X-encoded genes cause autoimmunity by affecting B or T cells directly; however, significant evidence has been raised discrediting this hypothesis. An attractive feature of X-inactivation hypotheses is that the discordance rate between monozygotic twins may readily be explained, because otherwise-identical twins may have different X-inactivation patterns. Reviewed here are the immunobiology of X-inactivation chimerism and its roles, both known and postulated, in autoi mmune disease. Also d iscussed are methods appropriate for determining the cellular and molecular targets of autoreactive T cells in femaleprevalent autoimmune diseases and methods by which these targets might be used as tolerogens to treat these diseases.
Gastric emptying in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

Abstract Delayed gastric emptying of liquids and/or solids was hypothesized as a mechanism which could increase the volume of gastroduodenal contents and could contribute to the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux. Gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled mixed solid-liquid meal was compared in a study of 20 age-matched gastroesophageal reflux patients and 20 normal subjects whose sex distribution and weight were similar; and also in a study of 100 reflux patients and 26 normals. The 20 GER patients emptied isotope from the stomach at a slower rate than age-matched normals at 30 min (p
Teaching high-value care: a novel morning report.

Summary Background Despite rising health care costs and calls for the incorporation of high-value care (HVC) into medical training, there are few described curricula to address this need. Methods We designed a single-group pre/post comparison to evaluate the impact of a 45–minute HVC morning report in one academic internal medicine programme on the trainees’ self-reported knowledge of costs for common diagnostic tests, impact on future ordering practices and the educational value of the intervention. Medical trainees completed a diagnostic evaluation for a hypothetical case within the constraints of a budget during the morning report. Trainees completed a pre/post intervention survey regarding knowledge and attitudes towards HVC, and an evaluation of the intervention. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine differences between the pre/post intervention survey responses. There are few described curricula to address the need for the incorporation of high-value care into medical training Results Fifty-eight trainees participated in the educational activity: 57 completed the survey and 54 completed the evaluation. Our results indicate a significant increase following the morning report intervention in: the trainees’ self-reported understanding of the cost for diagnostic tests (p < 0.001); the likelihood the cost of diagnostic tests would affect their future ordering practices (p < 0.001); and the likelihood that the cost of diagnostic tests would affect their timing of a diagnostic evaluation (p ≤ 0.001). The results also indicated a significant decrease in the likelihood that trainees would order extra diagnostic evaluations following the intervention (p = 0.015), and 96 per cent felt that the session was educationally valuable. Discussion A morning report incorporating cost of care can significantly increase trainees’ perceived understanding of cost and affect self-reported ordering practices in an educationally valuable intervention.
Analyzing vulnerability of electricity distribution networks to DER disruptions

We formulate a sequential (Stackelberg) game for assessing the vulnerability of radial electricity distribution networks to disruptions in Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). In this model, the attacker disrupts a subset of DER nodes by remotely manipulating the set-points of their inverters. The defender (network operator) responds by controlling the non-compromised DERs and by imposing partial load reduction via direct load control. The attacker's (resp. defender's) objective is to maximize (resp. minimize) the weighted sum of cost due to the loss of voltage regulation and the cost of load control. For the sequential play game where the attacker (resp. defender) is the leader (resp. follower) and under linear power flow equations, we show that the problem reduces to standard bilevel network interdiction problem. Under our assumptions on the attack model, we obtain a structural insight that the attacker's optimal strategy is to compromise the downstream DER nodes as opposed to the upstream ones. We present a small case study to demonstrate the applicability of our model for vulnerability assessment of distribution networks.
Modulation of a pacemaker current through Ca(2+)-induced stimulation of cAMP production.

Brief increases in [Ca2+]i can result in prolonged changes in neuronal properties. A Ca2+-dependent modulation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) controls the slow recurrence of synchronized thalamocortical activity. Here we show that the persistent activation of Ih is initiated by rapidly increased [Ca2+]i and subsequent production of cAMP. The modulation is maintained via a facilitated interaction of cAMP with open (voltage-gated) h-channels, inducing prolonged activation of Ih that may outlast the presence of increased free [Ca2+]i and [cAMP]i. This persistent Ih activation may control the presence and periodicity of both normal and abnormal synchronized thalamocortical rhythms.
Adiabatic circuits for low power logic

Adiabatic logic circuits offer significant reductions in power dissipation when compared with standard static CMOS design. However, many implementation issues remain to be solved. This paper will discuss low power design and then focus on adiabatic logic circuits and the required power clock needed to drive them. A new power clock is presented which does not utilize any external components and provides the gradual rise, hold, and fall times required for adiabatic logic.
Grounding Our Feet and Hearts -- Black Women's Coping Strategies in Psychologically Abusive Dating Relationships

This qualitative study investigated the decision-making processes and coping strategies that six heterosexual Black college women used to terminate psychologically abusive dating relationships. Leaving was a four-stage process: (a) assessment of the relationship; (b) separation from the abusive partner; (c) reestablishment of social networks; and (d) declaration of self-empowerment. Coping strategies included self-healing resources. Intervention strategies are provided. Her current research interests include psychological abuse in dating relationships, rural battered women, Black women's sexuality, and mother-daughter relationships. She has presented her research at national and international conferences.
Isolation and properties of lipoproteins from normal rat serum.

Three major classes of lipoproteins (VLDL, d 1.21 fractions. Each product was found to have distinct characteristics, and this was also indicated by spectral analyses carried out by the techniques of circular dichroism and UV absorption spectroscopy. The results provided evidence for the mutual role of the protein and lipids in determining the structure, and perhaps the immunological specificity, of serum lipoproteins.
Phase transformation in the alumina–titania system during flash sintering experiments

We show that phase transformation in the alumina–titania system, which produces aluminum-titanate, follows an unusual trajectory during flash sintering. The experiments begin with mixed powders of alumina–titania and end in dense microstructures that are transformed into aluminum-titanate. The sintering and the phase transformation are separated in time, with the sintering occurs during Stage II, and phase transformation during Stage III of the flash sintering experiment. Stage III is the steady-state condition of flash activated state that is established under current control, while Stage II is the period of transition from voltage to current control. The extent of phase transformation increases with the current density and the hold time in Stage III.
AN ANATOMIC APPROACH TO THE REJUVENATION OF THE NECK

Rejuvenation of the neck is a difficult task. Two major factors are deemed responsible for the pitfalls encountered when dealing with this anatomic area: the skin of the neck is very thin, especially the epidermis; and fewer adnexal structures are present in the neck skin than are evident in facial skin. The thin layers of the skin of the neck include the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The thickness of the neck skin is comparable to but thicker than that of the eyelids, which measures approximately 0.5 to 0.66 mm in full skin thickness. 23, 25 The paucity of adnexal structures leads to a delay in reepithelialization after procedures such as chemical peels and resurfacing of the skin. 3, 20 Another factor that affects the appearance of the neck and the outcomes of procedures done on the neck is that its anatomic structures are continuously under gravitational influence with the support of a very thin layer of muscular structure, the platysma muscle. The anatomic landmarks of the neck and the progressive signs of the aging neck are reviewed. Several treatments are expanded on that were previously proposed by the author as therapies that produce satisfactory to excellent results in rejuvenation of the neck. 22
Intergeneric conjugation in Thiobacillus versutus.

D.L. READ, L.M. TOTH AND K. McCANN. 1992. In plate matings with Escherichia coli HB101/pUW965: Tn5 (KmR) Thiobacillus versutus reacted as an efficient recipient, producing 10-2 to 10-3 kanamycin resistant (KmR) T. versutus exconjugants per donor cell. Analysis of agarose gels of plasmid DNA extracted from the exconjugants confirmed that the suicide vector pUW964 did not persist in the recipient, implying that the kanamycin resistance of the exconjugants is based on effective transposition of Tn5 in T. versutus as well as function of the E. coli kanamycin gene. Transfer was equally efficient when a nalidixate-resistant T. versutus mutant was used as recipient. Hybridization evidence for the presence of Tn5 was consistently negative. The significance of this anomalous result is discussed.
Local anisotropic polarizability in mesoscopic structures

We present a method for describing optical properties of inhomogeneous media at mesoscopic scales. When the volume of interaction varies, the effective polarizability tensor introduces a new length scale characterizing the structural morphology.
Postnatal development of dopaminergic and cholinergic catalepsy in the rat

Abstract The cataleptic response to various doses of the dopamine-receptor antagonist spiperone and the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine was investigated in rats of different ages. Spiperone produced catalepsy in rats 1,5 and 10 days old, and also in adults. Pilocarpine produced catalepsy in 15- and 20-day old rats, as well as in adults, but not in 10-day old animals. These results suggest that dopaminergic neurons involved in catalepsy are already functional in neonates. Cholinergic substrates of catalepsy, on the other hand, appear to reach functional maturity after the second week of life.
Contemporary risk factor control and walking dysfunction in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: NHANES 1999-2004

Abstract Background Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalent. Selected studies have demonstrated less intense risk factor management and diminished mobility in individuals with PAD as compared to individuals with clinical recognized CHD. However, comparable data have not been reported from a nationally representative population. Objectives To assess the prevalence, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with PAD as defined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) Design, setting, and participants We analyzed data from 7571 participants aged 40 or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population. Results The prevalence of PAD without CHD was 4.1% (95% CI 3.6–4.5) compared to 7.9% (7.1, 8.9) for CHD (without PAD). Hypertension prevalence was similar, but treatment and control rates were lower among individuals with PAD compared to CHD (treatment: 69% vs. 84%, p p =0.01). Treatment of hypercholesterolemia was lower among individuals with PAD (54% vs. 79%, p p =0.78). Diabetes awareness, treatment, and control did not differ between the two groups. Walking mobility limitations were specific, but insensitive, for the identification of individuals with PAD. Conclusion PAD in the absence of clinically recognized CHD is under-treated and poorly controlled in the general U.S. population. Leg symptoms are not adequate to identify individuals with PAD, who are at high risk of ischemic events.
Effect of reduced retinal VLC-PUFA on rod and cone photoreceptors.

Purpose. Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) is a juvenile-onset disease that is caused by mutations in Elovl4 (elongation of very long fatty acids-4). The Elovl4 catalyzes the first step in the conversion of C24 and longer fatty acids (FAs) to very long-chain FAs (VLC-FAs, ≥C26). Photoreceptors are particularly rich in VLC polyunsaturated FAs (VLC-PUFA). To explore the role of VLC-PUFAs in photoreceptors, we conditionally deleted Elovl4 in the mouse retina.
Cell surface receptors activate p21-activated kinase 1 via multiple Ras and PI3-kinase-dependent pathways

Abstract p21-activated kinases (PAKs) were the first identified mammalian members of a growing family of Ste20-like serine–threonine protein kinases. In this study, we show that PAK1 can be stimulated by carbachol, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) by multiple independent and overlapping pathways. Dominant-negative Ras, Rac, and Cdc42 inhibited PAK1 activation by all of these agonists, while active Rac1 and Cdc42 were sufficient to maximally activate PAK1 in the absence of any treatment. Active Ras induced only a weak activation of PAK1 that could be potentiated by muscarinic receptor stimulation. Studies using inhibitors of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and protein kinase C (PKC) revealed that all of the cell surface agonists could activate PAK1 through pathways independent of PKC, that EGF stimulated a PI3-kinase dependent pathway to stimulate PAK1, and that muscarinic receptor stimulation of PAK1 was predominantly mediated through this EGF-R-dependent mechanism. Activation of PAK1 by LPA was independent of PI3-kinase and the EGF receptor, but was inhibited by dominant-negative RhoA. These results identify multiple Ras-dependent pathways to activation of PAK1.
Lifetimes and fine structure of the metastable autoionizing /1s2s2p/ /4/ P sub J states of the negative helium ion

Lifetimes and fine structure of differentially metastable autoionizing states of negative He ion in axial magnetic field, using time of flight techniques
Kristallmorphologische Beobachtungen bei der Entwässerung von Aluminiumoxyd-Trihydrat

Die kristallmorphologischen Veranderungen, die bei der Entwasserung von γ-Tonerdehydrat zum γ-Monohydrat bis zum α-Korund vor sich gehen, werden mikroskopisch und rontgenographisch untersucht. Entwasserung und Gitterumwandlung verlaufen nicht synchron. Der Umbau vom pseudohexagonalen (γ-Trihydrat) uber den rhombischen (γ-Monohydrat), den kubischen (γ-Al2O3) zum hexagonal-rhomboedrischen (α-Korund) Gittertyp verlauft in Abhangigkeit von der zugefuhrten Energie als Funktion von Zeit und Temperatur als kontinuierlicher Vorgang. Die dabei auftretenden Zwischenformen des γ-Types konnen als Fragmente im Kristallaufbau angesehen werden. Der Umbau des Kristallgitters erfolgt endogen, wobei der kristalline Habitus des Ausgangsmaterials sehr haufig bis zur Endstufe erhalten bleibt. Die Bedeutung dieser Tatsache fur das Schuttgewicht, den Ausruhreffekt und das sog. „Erinnerungsvermogen” der Kristalle wird diskutiert.
Party Switching, Authoritarianism, and Dogmatism in the 1964 Election

Postulating that primary group identification is stronger than ideology, it was predicted that there would be no differences on the California F Scale or the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale between supporters of Goldwater and Johnson or a great amount of party switching and that those who switched would have higher mean scores on both scales than those who did not switch on the grounds that ideology must be intense to overcome primary group loyalty. All hypotheses were confirmed.
Generation of picosecond electron bunches in storage rings.

Approaches to generating short X-ray pulses in synchrotron light sources are discussed. In particular, the method of using a superconducting harmonic cavity to generate simultaneously long and short bunches in storage rings and the approach of injecting short bunches from a linac injector into a storage ring for multi-turn circulation are emphasized. If multi-cell superconducting RF (SRF) cavities with frequencies of ∼1.5 GHz can be employed in storage rings, it would be possible to generate stable, high-flux, short-pulse X-ray beams with pulse lengths of 1–10 ps (FWHM) in present or future storage rings. However, substantial challenges exist in adapting today's high-gradient SRF cavities for high-current storage ring operation. Another approach to generating short X-ray pulses in a storage ring is injecting short-pulse electron bunches from a high-repetition-rate linac injector for circulation. Its performance is limited by the microbunching instability due to coherent synchrotron radiation. Tracking studies are carried out to evaluate its performance. Challenges and operational considerations for this mode are considered.
Sedimentation and tectonism in the Laramide Tornillo Basin of West Texas

Abstract The Tornillo Basin of west Texas and adjacent Mexico is the southernmost Laramide-age intermontane basin in the North American cordillera. The basin is bounded on the west by the Chihuahua Tectonic Belt, a southern extension of the Cordilleran Fold and Thrust Belt, and on the east by the Marathon Uplift, a Laramide-style basement-cored uplift. Sedimentological evidence indicates that tectonism began in this region during Late Cretaceous time (ca. 70 Ma) and ended during middle Eocene time (ca. 50 Ma). The basin experienced two major pulses of fluvial sedimentation, the first during middle to late Maastrichtian time, and the second during late Paleocene to early Eocene time. High sedimentation rates during these periods correspond to the influx of coarse extra-basinal detritus, high mudstone content in the basin alluvium, and thick tabular fluvial sand bodies. These episodes probably reflect pulses of tectonism. A lull in sedimentation during early Paleocene time resulted in a thin sequence of alluvium with very high mudstone content, thin lenticular fluvial sand bodies, and well-developed paleosols. The basin experienced left-lateral transpressive deformation during the second phase of tectonism. The sedimentary sequence in the Tornillo Basin is compatible with the two-phase model of Laramide tectonism developed for the central and southern Rocky Mountains.
A robust application-level approach for responsiveness differentiation

There is a growing demand for provisioning of proportional responsiveness differentiation to various clients on scalable Web servers to meet changing resource availability, and to satisfy different client requirements. Theoretically, a queueing-based processing rate allocation scheme is able to achieve the objective by providing different processing rates to requests of different client classes. However, we find that an implementation of the queueing-theoretical scheme shows weak proportionality with large variance because it does not have fine-grained control over the resources that the kernel consumes and hence the processing rate is not strictly proportional to the number of processes allocated. We design a feedback controller and integrate it with the queueing-theoretical scheme. The integrated application-level approach allocates a certain number of processes to handle requests of different client classes according to the queueing-theoretical scheme. The process allocations are then adjusted according to the difference between target response time and the achieved response time by using proportional integral derivative control. Results demonstrate that this integrated approach can enable Web servers to provide fine-grained response time differentiation. The approach is robust and can be practically deployed on Apache Web servers.
Learning traversability models for autonomous mobile vehicles

Autonomous mobile robots need to adapt their behavior to the terrain over which they drive, and to predict the traversability of the terrain so that they can effectively plan their paths. Such robots usually make use of a set of sensors to investigate the terrain around them and build up an internal representation that enables them to navigate. This paper addresses the question of how to use sensor data to learn properties of the environment and use this knowledge to predict which regions of the environment are traversable. The approach makes use of sensed information from range sensors (stereo or ladar), color cameras, and the vehicle's navigation sensors. Models of terrain regions are learned from subsets of pixels that are selected by projection into a local occupancy grid. The models include color and texture as well as traversability information obtained from an analysis of the range data associated with the pixels. The models are learned without supervision, deriving their properties from the geometry and the appearance of the scene. The models are used to classify color images and assign traversability costs to regions. The classification does not use the range or position information, but only color images. Traversability determined during the model-building phase is stored in the models. This enables classification of regions beyond the range of stereo or ladar using the information in the color images. The paper describes how the models are constructed and maintained, how they are used to classify image regions, and how the system adapts to changing environments. Examples are shown from the implementation of this algorithm in the DARPA Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR) program, and an evaluation of the algorithm against human-provided ground truth is presented.
The evolution of hormonal sex pheromones in teleost fish: poor correlation between the pattern of steroid release by goldfish and olfactory sensitivity suggests that these cues evolved as a result of chemical spying rather than signal specialization

It is becoming increasingly evident that many teleost fish use hormones and their metabolites as sex pheromones. Although hormonal pheromone systems of several species of fish have now been characterized, that of the goldfish is the best understood. Reproductively-active female goldfish sequentially release derivatives of three steroidal hormones and two prostaglandins which have specific and potent actions on the goldfish olfactory sense and subsequently conspecific reproductive behaviour and physiology. Three goldfish hormonal pheromones are unmodified sex hormones which are also found in the blood of many other species of fish and are therefore unlikely to be species-specific. This scenario evokes two related questions. First, how did these systems evolve? Second, do hormonal pheromones represent specialized signals used for communication or rather simple metabolites which fish have evolved the ability to detect because of their intrinsic meaning ('spying')? Here we review hormonal pheromone function in fish and then describe a study of the goldfish which tests whether hormonal pheromones are specialized communicatory signals by comparing the profile of steroids released by goldfish with their olfactory responsiveness to these compounds. Little correlation between signal production and detection was found and we conclude that the goldfish hormonal pheromone system most likely exemplifies spying.
Evaluation of enzyme efficiency for soy oleosome isolation and ultrastructural aspects

Abstract Two procedures and four commercial enzymes were compared to isolate intact oleosomes from dry soybean flour. Results showed that Multifect ® Pectinase FE efficiently liberated intact oleosomes in both procedures. The increase in oleosome extraction yield and reducing sugar production indicates that there was a synergistic effect on degrading the cell wall when theses enzymes were used together. In the control with no enzymes, 34.06% and 67.66% of the total soybean oil were obtained from oleosomes, respectively, with the initial and the simplified procedures which mimics the initial procedure, but using less buffer. Transmission electron micrographs of extracts from the simplified procedure showed intact oleosomes, indicating that the extraction conditions did not affect oleosome integrity. Native soybean proteins were recovered from the aqueous supernatant in addition to the oleosome fraction. Using Multifect ® Pectinase FE resulted in the disappearance of the α′ and α subunits of the β-conglycinin.
No problem! Establishing a nurse requested X-ray service.

When waiting times in our tiny department became increasingly long, and size prevented us finding even a broom cupboard in which to consider beginning a nurse practitioner service, we decided to look at ways of introducing nurse requested X-rays. It was hoped that this would reduce waiting times for those patients who attended with possible minor fractures. In order to overcome any potential resistance from radiologists, radiographers or managers it was essential to produce a credible piece of research proving the suitability of nurses for this task. A simulated decisionmaking study was undertaken to see if nurses would have X-rayed more patients than the doctors did, and to see how accurate they were at assessing injuries and requesting Xrays. Waiting times to see the doctor and the need for quicker pain relief were also investigated. Seven senior nurses with over 4 years A & E experience were asked to participate and were willing to do so. There were no problems with our department consultant, Mr Bruce Finlayson, who suggested the initiative and supported the nurses throughout. Patients included in the study were trolley or walking patients, of all ages, who were thought to have a possible fracture. Strict guidelines were adhered to and 15 categories of possible fractures included. These were the finger, hand, thumb, scaphoid, wrist, radius and ulna, humerus, shoulder, clavicle, neck of femur, tibia and fibula, ankle, metatarsal and nose, plus swallowed batteries. Patients with any neuro-vascular deficit were to be excluded from the study, as were pregnant women. The participating senior nurses marked the A & E cards with a red sticker on the top if they thought the patient needed an X-ray, and they indicated the nature of the suspected fracture and the type of X-ray requested. If the patient was thought to need pain relief on arrival a letter P was also added. The first problems appeared within the first 10 minutes of the 3-month pilot study. No allowance had been made for a decision by the nurse not to X-ray the patient; this was resolved by placing a zero number beside the red sticker. It became apparent in a department as small as ours, where triage is done ‘on the hoof’, that even a nurse requested Xray service needs a little space in which to examine the patient. Other work pressures prevented every patient with a possible fracture, who fell within the guidelines of the trial, from being included. At first this worried us
Selective binding of aromatic amines by self-assembled monolayers of a calix[6]crown-4 derivative.

A p-tert-butylcalix[6]crown-4 derivative immobilized on gold surfaces via self-assembly, endowed with a rigid cavity, can serve as a remarkably efficient sensor for aniline compared to alkylamines. The stability of the inclusion complex is attributed to the size fit and to the multipoint recognition motifs between the host monolayer and the guest aniline.
Laser Diode-Induced Photobleaching at Low Temperatures in Co-60 Irradiated Fibers

Laser diode (820 nm)-induced photobleaching effects have been studied primarily at -55° C in a variety of fibers including polymer clad pure silica core, fluorosilicate clad pure silica core, and doped core fibers which were exposed to Co-60 irradiation with and without simultaneous CW laser light passing through the fibers. Thermal and laser-induced recovery at -55° C following irradiation was also examined. Those fiber parameters which were found to affect the extent of photobleaching were dopant content in the core, especially phosphorus, OH concentration in the core, and saturation of induced attenuation. The optimum fiber which shows minimal attenuation after irradiation and photobleaching is one that has an undoped core with high OH content.
Endoscope lens with dual field of view and resolution for multiphoton imaging

We demonstrated the optical “zooming” capability of an endoscope lens for multiphoton imaging by using a novel multifocal objective lens design. Multiphoton images with dual field of view and resolution were recorded.
Loose Ends in ‘On the Talks in Kabul’

As a latecomer to this Brodsky forum, I have the benefit of reading "On the Talks in Kabul" and considering colleagues' statements about the poem after the fact. This advantage, however, is a proverbial two-edged sword, leaving me the occasion to say something but not necessarily the confidence that I have something to say. This is especially true in light of the events of 11 September 2001: how does one set about discussing the topic of a poet's conscious deployment of so-called Orientalist stereotypes now? To begin with, I find myself agreeing in whole or in part with many of the contributors' principal conclusions: Gerald Smith's that the poem may be "best understood as a scathingly ironic representation of the unsayable thoughts that go through the mind or the unconscious of some dimwitted ex-Soviet Russian diplomat as he prepares to face the talks in Kabul"; Michael Wachtel's that "the sole visionary moment [in the poem] belongs to the eagle from the empyrean realm (a stand-in for the 'real' Brodsky?), whose insight lies in an unambiguous rejection of everything he sees below"; Sarah Pratt's that the poem's "odd mixture of seriousness, projected Orientalism, and vulgarity" in effect "forces us to look back to the works of Gavrila Derzhavin, a poet profoundly concerned with issues of empire, power, and moral position, and a poet who also toyed with the identity of his poetic persona and the formal details of genre of the ode"; Catherine Ciepiela's that "the main interpretive challenge Brodsky's poem presents is how to read its ambiguous voicing" and that the notion of "sworn enemy" embedded in the poem "cannot be reduced to either party [East or West] and would seem to be existential in nature"; Stephanie Sandler's that the "poem's bitter rejection of both East and West is ... the fearful gesture of a poet who worried that the body's decline had inevitable consequences for the spirit, and for the creative psyche"; and Katherine O'Connor's that "despite its superiority, time appears to be losing out to space" and that the "West emerges as potentially (and fatally) ineffectual in its continuing confrontations with the East."
Midazolam-associated alterations in cardiorespiratory function during colonoscopy

Twenty patients undergoing clinically indicated elective colonoscopy were prospectively monitored noninvasively for alterations in cardiorespiratory function. Most of the patients were elderly and many had either cardiac or pulmonary disease. All subjects were premedicated with intramuscular meperidine and continuously monitored with ECG, blood pressure, earlobe pulse oximetry, nasal air flow by thermistor probe, and impedance pneumography. Any use of additional analgesic or sedative was determined by the endoscopist, who was blinded to the physiologic tracings, and dosages of medications given were titrated to each patient's tolerance of the procedures as assessed by the endoscopist. Seventeen patients (85%) required additional sedation with the benzodiazepine, midazolam. These patients exhibited frequent episodes of hypotension (reductions in mean arterial blood pressure of 23 ± 12 mm Hg from baseline, x ¯ ± SD) and respiratory depression (as noted by the greater number of apneas and arterial oxygen desaturation as low as 7.1 ± 2% from baseline, x ¯ ± SD). In addition, elderly patients and patients with an underlying history of cardiac or pulmonary disease had a greater incidence of potentially untoward cardiorespiratory events.
Bullous pemphigoid and glomerulonephritis: Report of four cases

We report on four patients with bullous pemphigoid and other autoimmune diseases who had or developed glomerulonephritis. The relationship between these two immunologic disorders involving the basement membrane is discussed. Our data suggest a coincidental phenomenon in patients who successively or concurrently have multiple diseases of autoimmunity.
Nonperturbative theory of exchange and correlation in one-electron quasiparticle states.

A nonperturbative argument is used to derive a one-electron Hamiltonian whose eigenfunctions are in one-to-one correspondence with electron or hole quasiparticles of an N-electron system. Nonlocal exchange is included exactly, and self-energy terms due to electronic correlation are included at the level of approximation of a given N-electron wave function. When parametrized by quasiparticle occupation numbers, this one-electron Hamiltonian is the functional derivative of an exact N-electron energy functional, as in the Landau theory of interacting fermion systems. The present nonperturbative derivation extends the Landau theory to ordered or localized systems for which many-body perturbation theory is not directly applicable. Analysis of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) reduced Hamiltonian for superconductors leads to a temperature-dependent energy gap and a transition temperature in good agreement with the BCS theory, in a formalism that conserves the number of electrons.
Acoustic communications for deep-ocean observatories: Results of initial testing at the MBARI MARS node

A prototype system for connecting remote instruments to a cabled observatory is described. The system consists of base-station modems and a data acquisition system attached to the MBARI MARS observatory in 900 m water off Monterey, California, plus remote modems used for link testing. The objective of the system is to provide a drop-in capability to connect sensors on the sea-floor or on sub-sea moorings to a cabled node that would otherwise require an ROV to make a hard-wired connection. While ROV installations of sensor-to-node cables are practical for many instruments, the acoustic connection is a way of lowering the barrier to general access of cabled nodes.
A System for Dynamic Analysis in Biological Systems with Carbon-11

An integrated approach to the study of effects of environmental factors on plants is described The system relies on the continuous labelling and measurement of naturally occurring tracer activity as it courses through the plant These features allow the investigation of the magnitude of the photosynthate distribution, the transport times of photosynthates, and the dynamic response of the distribution to environmental factors A host of ecologically, agriculturally and genetically important questions can be answered with this technique, including the consequences of increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, and other environmental effects.