cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hierarchy of sexual harassment

Undergraduate students (143 males, 100 females) and working women (n = 48) read 18 scenarios depicting a wide range of types of sexual harassment behaviors and indicated whether they personally perceived each type of behavior to be sexual harassment. A hierarchy of harassment was developed on the basis of the subjects' perceptions. Potential differences between the perceptions of working women and female students and between the perceptions of male and female students were also investigated. Although a general consensus emerged regarding the relative perceived severity of the different types of sexual harassment, the percentage of working women who considered the behaviors to be sexual harassment was greater than the percentage of female students who considered them so.
The SPIRIT III radiometer data compression system

In this paper, we describe the image data compressor designed and built for the SPIRIT I11 radiometer which will be used to provide a real-time "quick-look" capability for the instrument. A brief description of elements of the radiometer design which determine the data compression requirements is given, followed by a description of the VQ-based hybrid data compression algorithm. Highlights of the hardware design are also discussed. The performance of the compressor is presented. Tests made using data obtained during cold tests of the instrument indicate an RMS error of 6.26 counts for the 10:l compression mode and 5.83 counts for the 4:l mode out of a maximum of 4096 counts. The impact of focal plane nonuniformities on compression performance is also discussed. The compressor is unique in that the VQ codebooks and Huffman codewords can be changed using an uplink capability. This capability provides the opportunity of improving the performance of the compressor over the lifetime of the spacecraft.
Nutritional content of foods advertised during the television programs children watch most.

Objectives. We sought to code food (nutritional content and food type and eating occasion) and character (cartoon and live action) attributes of food advertisements airing during television programs heavily viewed by children, and to represent and evaluate the nutritional content of advertised foods in terms of the nutrition facts label.Methods. Food advertisements (n=426) aimed at general and child audiences were coded for food and character attributes. “Nutrition Facts” label data for advertised foods (n=275) were then analyzed.Results. Convenience/fast foods and sweets comprised 83% of advertised foods. Snacktime eating was depicted more often than breakfast, lunch, and dinner combined. Apparent character body size was unrelated to eating behavior. A 2000-calorie diet of foods in the general-audience advertisements would exceed recommended daily values (RDVs) of total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. A similar diet of foods in the child-audience advertisements would exceed the sodium RDV and provide 171...
Nonlinear filtering for discrete-time linear systems with non-Gaussian initial data

The optimal minimum mean-square error filtering problem is discussed for a linear system with non-Gaussian initial distribution. An input/output realization is derived using an absolutely continuous change of probability measure. A representation result is presented which facilitates the derivation of optimal filter realization. >
Field assessment of a jointed concrete pavement foundation treated with injected polyurethane expandable foam

This paper describes in situ measurement results and analysis of a deteriorating jointed concrete pavement supported on open-graded aggregate subbase that was subsequently treated with high-density polyurethane foam. The foam was injected under pressure into the subbase to improve support conditions, mitigate faulting and improve load transfer efficiency (LTE) at the joints. A variety of in situ tests were conducted to evaluate ride quality, pavement deflections under dynamic loading, LTE at joints and cracks, pavement surface elevation changes, and drainage and stiffness of the treated subbase layer. Testing on the pavement surface indicated statistically significant improvements near cracks after treatment with reduced peak deflections and higher LTE, but the pavement ride quality measurements did not show improvement. Tests performed on the foundation layer indicated that the construction process resulted in concentrated zones of foam in the subbase with low permeability, low stiffness and high shear s...
Abstract 4914: A novel integrative network study identifies key genes and pathways in the progression of Hepatitis C virus induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality in the world. Incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing in the United States and Europe during recent years. Although HCV-associated HCC shares many pathological characteristics with other types of HCC, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression remain elusive. To investigate the underlying pathology, we developed a systematic approach to identify deregulated biological networks in HCC by integrating gene expression profiles with high-throughput protein-protein interaction data. This integrative approach to searching for deregulated networks during each pathological stage is different from typical search of common pathway resources like Gene Ontology or KEGG biochemical pathways. It has at least two advantages: 1) a high throughput protein interaction network covers more genes; and 2) the resulting network gives gene interaction information, which provides a simpler framework to explore the functional associations between genes and generate new biological hypotheses. By comparing sets of consecutive pathological stages, we identified four networks in five groups of samples corresponding to normal, cirrhosis, dysplasia, early HCC and advanced HCC. The functional annotation of each network demonstrates a high degree of consistency with current knowledge of HCC. By assembling these functions into a modular map, we were able to depict the stepwise pathways that are dysregulated in HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, these networks enable us to identify important genes and pathways by developmental stage, such as LCK signaling pathways in cirrhosis, MMP genes and TIMP genes in dysplastic liver, and CDC2-mediated cell cycle signaling in early and advanced HCC. CDC2 (alternative symbol CDK1), a regulatory gene in cell cycle control, is particularly interesting due to its topological position in temporally deregulated networks. Our study uncovers a temporal spectrum of functional deregulation, and prioritizes key genes and pathways in the progression of HCV induced HCC. These findings present a wealth of information for further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4914. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4914
The predominantly nonhydrolytic action of alpha amylases on α-maltosyl fluoride

Abstract Crystalline alpha amylases from a number of sources utilized α-maltosyl fluoride as a glycosyl donor and acceptor at high rates (∼10 to ∼01550 μmol/min/mg of protein, for 30 m M substrate). All enzymes catalyzed conversion of this compound into maltooligosaccharides in preference to causing its hydrolysis. Maltotetraosyl fluoride and maltooligosaccharides of d.p. 3 to 6+ accounted for 75–93% (by weight) of early reaction-products. At a late stage, the yield of maltooligosaccharides was 2–5 times that of maltose, with chains as long as 12 d -glucosyl residues formed by one amylase (from Asp. oryzae), which utilized α-maltosyl fluoride as a donor and as an acceptor at extremely high rates. These results indicate that alpha amylases have a substantial capacity for binding two molecules of this small substrate in a distinctive way, with the CF glycosylic bond of one and the free C-4 hydroxyl group of the other located in theregion of the enzyme's catalytic groups, thereby favoring glycosylation of the suitably positioned acceptor over solvent water. Hydrolysis is assumed to prevail when only a single substrate molecule or segment binds to alpha amylase with a (1→4)-α- d -glucosidic linkage or glycosylic CF bond positioned at the catalytic center. The present demonstration that glycosyl-transfer reactions can be dominantly expressed by alpha amylases, given an appropriate substrate, illustrates the inadequacy of the usual characterization of these enzymes as hydrolases that produce overwhelming hydrolysis of all substrates
A common defense of theistic belief: Some critical considerations

One defense of theistic belief which continues to be put forward in recent philosophy of religion discussions is a defense involving a 'tu quoque' argument and a positive analogy. The 'tu quoque' argument which, put simply, claims that the critic too is guilty of the particular charge leveled at the defender has been used throughout history to defend varieties of religious belief. One notable example, with some unintended but devastating skeptical consequences, was the eighteenthcentury parallel drawn by Joseph Butler between revealed and natural religion. More often, however, the argument has been used by religious believers as a starting-point for analogies between theism (or Christianity) and some non-religious principle or enterprise; it is in this mode that the defense has become common, asumming a variety of guises and deploying itself in widely different contexts. In this paper I will (1) present an analysis of the 'tu quoque' argument and its relation to a more general positive defense of religious belief, and (2) argue that a common presentation of this defense (illustrated by John Miller, Norman Malcolm and Alvin Plantinga) obscures a number of important distinctions, especially concerning levels of specificity. The continued reappearance of such a defense, in a form which I consider inappropriate, is due at least in part to the continued neglect of these very distinctions, by critics as well as by defenders.
Implementation of faults in a microgrid environment with MATLAB based GUI

This paper presents implementation of different types of faults in a Microgrid System. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been designed in order to apply and observe the behavior of overall system easily. The objective of the paper is to implement short circuit, load switching and line loss faulty conditions to a microgrid system that run by multiple diesel engine generators successfully and also develop a GUI that helps users on application of all faults individually. User can choose the fault type and faulted bus or line number. Total simulation time, fault starting time and fault duration can be modified anytime with using this user friendly GUI. This GUI lets users change the faulted bus or line and at the same time observe the changes in the system operation under faulty conditions. This interface is developed under MATLAB 7. This paper will report the structure of this current development.
Discriminative pentobarbital stimulus in rats immediately after intravenous administration

Rats with chronically implanted venous cannulas were trained to make differential active or passive shock-avoidance responses in a 2-compartment box at 15 sec after i.v. adminstration of pentobarbital (5 mg/kg) or saline. The discriminative pentobarbital stimulus persisted for several min after adminstration. The pentobarbital response also was elicited in tests at 15 sec after i.v. injection of chlordiazepoxide (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) or alcohol (500 mg/kg). Subsequent training at 10 min after i.p. injection of pentobarbital (10 mg/kg), followed by tests after i.p. administration of other drugs, indicated that the discriminative drug stimulus is qualitatively similar with this different route and time interval. A general preference for the passive over the active response developed only in the second stage of training, during i.p. injections.
Nonlinear harmonic generation in distributed optical klystrons

A distributed optical klystron has the potential for dramatically shortening the total interaction length in high-gain free-electron lasers (INP 77-59, Novosibirsk, 1977; Nucl. Instr. and Meth A 304 (1991) 463) in comparison to a single-wiggler-segment configuration. This shortening can be even more dramatic if a nonlinear harmonic generation mechanism is used to reach the desired wavelength. An example operating at a 4.5{angstrom} fundamental and a 1.5{angstrom} harmonic is discussed.
Resonant Extraction at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS)

A resonant extraction scheme utilizing the ?r = 1 integral resonance has been successfully used at the ZGS. The system consists of a full sextupole magnet used to drive the unstable protons radially inward toward a 1.5-mm septum magnet located three octants (? 0.3 betatron wavelengths) downstream. The thin septum magnet jumps the protons radially inward across the thick septum of the regular extraction magnet two octants further downstream. This magnet drives the beam outward into the extraction chain one octant later. Due to the scalloping of ZGS orbits at high energy, it is not necessary to plunge any of these magnets.
Comparison of Medicaid and Non‐Medicaid Dental Providers

A statewide mail survey of a stratified sample of 640 Michigan general dentists was conducted in 1983, with a response rate of 41 percent, n = 261. An analysis was performed to compare Medicaid and non-Medicaid providers. About half of all respondents reported that they were not seeing any Medicaid patients (Group 1); 29 percent reported that less than 10 percent of their patients were Medicaid-eligible (Group 2), and 22 percent reported that 10 percent or more of their patients were Medicaid-eligible (Group 3). Significant differences existed among the three groups for age of respondent, length of time in practice, and number of new patients seen each month. Respondents with greater percentages of Medicaid patients in their practices were more likely to be in group practice. Stratification of respondents by location suggested that rural providers were more likely than urban respondents to have some Medicaid patients in theirpractices. Over 40 percent of respondents from all groups reported themselves as being not busy enough. In 1984, more than one million persons in Michigan were eligible for Medicaid dental benefits, but only one-fourth of these individuals were recipients of dental care. Factors that may limit dentists’ participation in the Medicaid program, despite the presence of a large eligible population and self-reported lack of busyness, are discussed.
High-output saturation power variable confinement slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier

A variable optical confinement concept was incorporated into a slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier to increase output saturation power. This amplifier demonstrates an unsaturated gain of 21.1 dB and an output saturation power of +27.6 dBm.
Issue linkage and international cooperation: An empirical investigation

Issue linkage—the simultaneous discussion of two or more issues for joint settlement—is a bargaining tactic that (1) increases the probability of states reaching a negotiated agreement and (2) moti...
On a Preemptive Markovian Queue with Multiple Servers and Two Priority Classes

We consider a queueing system with multiple servers and two classes of customers operating under a preemptive resume priority rule. The arrival process for each class is Poisson, and the service times are exponentially distributed with different means. In a convenient state space representation of the system, we obtain the matrix equation for the two-dimensional, vector-valued generating function of the equilibrium probability distribution. We give a rigorous proof that, by successively eliminating variables from the matrix equations, a nonsingular, block tridiagonal system of equations is obtained for the set of m + 1m + 2/2 constants that describe the probabilities of the states of the system when no customers are awaiting service. The mean waiting time of the low priority customers is shown to be given by a simple formula in terms of the known waiting time of the high priority customers and the expected number of low priority customers in the queue when no high priority customers are waiting.
Maintenance of a deteriorating single server system with Markovian arrivals and random shocks

Abstract We consider a single server queue in which the arrivals occur according to a Markovian arrival process. The system is subject to external shocks causing the server to deteriorate and possibly fail. The maintenance of the server is provided either as a preventive one or for a complete failure so as to bring back to normal. Under the assumptions of Poisson shocks, exponential services and exponential maintenance with rates depending on the state of the server, and a general (discrete) probability distribution for the intensity of the shocks, the model is analyzed in steady-state. Some interesting theoretical results along with a few illustrative numerical examples are reported. An optimization problem involving various costs is studied numerically.
Inverse association between body mass and frequency of milk consumption in children

Recent studies have shown an inverse association between the level of dietary Ca, particularly from dairy sources, and body weight in adults; there is, however, a paucity of data regarding this relationship in children. We therefore investigated this issue in 1087 children who underwent body weight and height measurement during a survey on childhood obesity. Lifestyle and dietary habits were investigated by a questionnaire. After excluding children who were following a dietary regimen for any reason, 884 children (M:F 451:433; age 7.5 (sd 2.1) years) were selected. Milk consumption was pooled into four frequency categories: poor ( 1 but or =2/d; n 218). The frequency of consumption of milk was inversely and significantly associated (t=-2.964, P=0.003) with age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores by linear regression analysis, controlling for sex, age, physical activity, birth weight and parental overweight and education. The statistical association remained significant (t=-2.831, P=0.005) after the inclusion of children consuming only skimmed milk (n 91). Milk consumption was still significantly and inversely associated with BMI z score (t=-2.791, P=0.005) in the whole-milk consumers when controlling for age and the frequency of consumption of various foods; this association was no longer significant (P=0.21) when children consuming skimmed milk were included in the analysis. This is the first report showing a significant inverse association between frequency of milk consumption and body mass in children. Regardless of the mechanisms involved, our results might encourage further research on this issue and might have important implications for the prevention of obesity.
Rapid Phosphoproteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in the Rhizobia-legume Symbiosis

Symbiotic associations between legumes and rhizobia usually commence with the perception of bacterial lipochitooligosaccharides, known as Nod factors (NF), which triggers rapid cellular and molecular responses in host plants. We report here deep untargeted tandem mass spectrometry-based measurements of rapid NF-induced changes in the phosphorylation status of 13,506 phosphosites in 7739 proteins from the model legume Medicago truncatula. To place these phosphorylation changes within a biological context, quantitative phosphoproteomic and RNA measurements in wild-type plants were compared with those observed in mutants, one defective in NF perception (nfp) and one defective in downstream signal transduction events (dmi3). Our study quantified the early phosphorylation and transcription dynamics that are specifically associated with NF-signaling, confirmed a dmi3-mediated feedback loop in the pathway, and suggested “cryptic” NF-signaling pathways, some of them being also involved in the response to symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Effect of Estradiol-17β on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures

Although androgenic and estrogenic steroids are widely used to enhance muscle growth and increase feed efficiency in feedlot cattle, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Further, in vivo studies indicate that estradiol (E2) affects muscle protein synthesis and/or degradation, but in vitro results are inconsistent. We have examined the effects of E2 treatment on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Additionally, to learn more about the mechanisms involved in E2-enhanced muscle growth, we have examined the effects of compounds that interfere with binding of E2 or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to their respective receptors on E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation rates in BSC cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with E2 results in a concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in protein synthesis rate and a decrease (P < 0.05) in protein degradation rate. The pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182 780 suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in fused BSC cultures. The G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)-30 agonist G1 does not affect either synthesis or degradation rate, which establishes that GPR30 does not play a role in E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis or degradation. JB1, a competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 binding to the Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation. In summary, our data show that E2 treatment directly alters both protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused BSC cultures via mechanisms involving both the classical estrogen receptor (ER) and IGFR-1.
Curves on Quasi-Schemes

This paper concerns curves on noncommutative schemes, hereafter called quasi-schemes. Aquasi-scheme X is identified with the category $$Mod{\text{ }}X$$ ofquasi-coherent sheaves on it. Let X be a quasi-scheme having a regularly embeddedhypersurface Y. Let C be a curve on X which is in ‘good position’ withrespect to Y (see Definition 5.1) – this definition includes a requirement that Xbe far from commutative in a certain sense. Then C is isomorphic to $$\mathbb{V}_n^1 $$ , where n is the number of points of intersection of Cwith Y. Here $$\mathbb{V}_n^1 $$ , or rather $$Mod{\text{ }}\mathbb{V}_n^1 $$ , is the quotient category $$GrModk[x_1 , \ldots ,x_n ]/\{ {\text{K}}\dim \leqslant n - 2\} {\text{ of }}\mathbb{Z}^n $$ -graded modules over the commutative polynomial ring, modulo the subcategory ofmodules having Krull dimension ≤ n − 2. This is a hereditary category whichbehaves rather like $$Mod\mathbb{P}^1 $$ , the category of quasi-coherentsheaves on $$\mathbb{P}^1 $$ .
Interests and Implementation: Fostering Voluntary Regulatory Actions

This research addresses the role of interest groups in the implementation of voluntary forms of regulation to prevent harms to water quality. Voluntary programs engender information uncertainties and competing pressures on decisions to address potential harms. We address hypotheses about these considerations for data about actions undertaken by marine facilities, with particular attention to differences in the influence of governmental actors, environmental groups, and trade associations. We find that these influences are shaped to differing degrees by the trust placed in information sources, fears of future regulation, a sense of duty to act, and desire to reduce informational and regulatory uncertainties. These findings suggest potential roles for interest groups in overcoming information gaps in the implementation of voluntary regulatory programs.
The Reliability of Calculated Bicarbonate in Clinical Practice

Current clinical laboratory methods utilize the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate plasma bicarbonate from measured pH and pCO2. This practice assumes that the apparent first dissociation constant for carbon dioxide in serum, pK'1, is invariable in clinical situations. This assumption has been questioned recently. Our study examined arterial blood samples from 50 acutely ill patients who were routinely sent for blood gas analysis. The pH and pCO2 were measured on a blood gas analyzer and the total CO2 was determined on the same blood sample using a microgasometer. The calculated pK'1 from these parameters was 6.10 +/- 0.018 (m +/- SD) with a range of 6.06 to 6.15. This amount of variability could be explained by the error in the methods. The correlation for calculated to measured total CO2 was y = 094x + 1.81, r = 0.98, p less than 0.001. These findings indicate that pK'1 is functionally fixed in clinical practice and that the methods used to calculate serum bicarbonate are acceptable.
Rendering polyureas melt processible

Because of the presence of extensive H-bonding in the hard segments, polyureas are processed by solution techniques (e.g., dry spinning) by the use of relatively costly and environmentally unfriendly solvents. Thus, the objective of this research was to render polyureas melt processible, (i.e., to reduce their flow temperature, Tflow) without compromising their excellent mechanical properties. We hypothesized and herein demonstrate that by using conventional chain extenders (CEs) in combination with small amounts of H-bond acceptor chain extenders (HACEs), the Tflow of polyureas can be significantly reduced from ∼230 to ∼180 °C, and thus melt processible products with excellent mechanical properties can be obtained. We document the synthesis of conventional polytetramethylene oxide-based and novel polyisobutylene (PIB)-based polyureas with Tflows ∼ 180 °C and excellent mechanicals by the addition of few percents of commercially available HACEs. Products were characterized by various techniques, including Instron (tensile strengths, elongations), durometer (Shore A Hardness), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (Tflow), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) (thermal weight loss). According to TGA, a polyurea with Tflow of ∼180 °C did not degrade up to ∼234 °C in air. A micromorphology for melt processible polyureas is proposed that emphasizes flexibilized hard segments in the presence of HACEs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in first remission abrogates poor outcomes associated with high-risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract Despite remission rates of approximately 85% for children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), greater than 40% will die from relapsed disease. Patients with poor-risk molecular/cytogenetics and/or inadequate response to up-front therapy are typically considered high-risk (HR) and historically have poor outcomes with chemotherapy alone. We investigated whether allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with best available donor in first remission (CR1) would abrogate the poor outcomes associated with HR AML in children and young adults treated with chemotherapy. We reviewed the outcomes of 50 consecutive children and young adults (ages 0 to 30 years) with AML who received a myeloablative allo-HCT between 2001 and 2010. Thirty-six patients (72%) were HR, defined as having FLT3-ITD mutations, 11q23 MLL rearrangements, chromosome 5 or 7 abnormalities, induction failure, and/or having persistent disease. The majority of patients received cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation conditioning, and graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporine based. Transplantation outcomes for HR patients were compared to standard-risk patients, with no significant differences observed in overall survival (72% versus 78%, P = .72), leukemia-free survival (69% versus 79%, P = .62), relapse (11% versus 7%, P = .71), or treatment-related mortality (17% versus 14%, P = .89). Children and young adults with HR-AML have comparable outcomes to standard-risk patients following allo-HCT in CR1.
Lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome: it's going viral

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinical syndrome of immune overactivation, particularly of lymphocytes and histiocytes, with resultant hypercytokinemia. HLH represents a spectrum of ...
Gaming to Learn

This chapter addresses how playing and developing educational games are instructional strategies that could add immeasurably to the contribution ETE programs make to contemporary STEM education. The introduction to this chapter presents a rationale for game-based learning that addresses the changing perceptions and capabilities of youth in the present era and provides research-based support for the high-interest learning that gaming has the potential to promote. The promise of playing and designing/developing thoughtfully conceived games is described in terms of increasing student engagement, promoting inquiry-based learning, the effect on self-efficacy, attitudes toward further ETE study and stimulating interest in related STEM careers.
Recent Progress of Piezoelectric MEMS for Energy Harvesting Devices

With higher integration, smaller size, and automated processes, sensors and wireless devices have seen dramatic enhancements to their quality, robustness, and reliability. Recent efforts have been made toward developing autonomous, self-powered remote sensor systems that can offer enhanced applicability and performance with cost savings. With the decrease in power requirements for wireless sensors, the application of piezoelectricity to energy harvesting has become viable. The technological challenge of realizing such a system lies in the construction and fabrication of a miniaturized vibration energy harvester. The current design of MEMSscale devices comprises a seismic mass made of silicon connected to the substrate by a thin PZT cantilever beam. Factors relating to power improvement and reliability of the device are discussed by addressing the shape of the cantilever beam, piezoelectric mode, MEMS process, and environmental temperature.
The Trace Formula

The main topic of this chapter gets its name from a spiritual ancestor, the Selberg Trace Formula, which was discovered by the Norwegian mathematician Atle Selberg in the 1950s. Whereas the original trace formula claims the numerical equality of two rather unequal-looking functions, the descendant makes this claim only in the limit of Planck’s quantum going to zero, or equivalently, in the limit of a wavelength small compared to the size of the container. While the degree of validity for the new formula has been reduced, its domain of application has been greatly enlarged.
How to Conduct a Good Meta-Analysis in Gifted Education.

This methodological brief introduces basic procedures and issues for conducting a high-quality meta-analysis in gifted education. Specifically, we discuss issues such as how to select a topic and formulate research problems, search for and identify qualified studies, code studies and extract data, choose and calculate effect sizes, analyze data, conduct heterogeneity and moderator analysis, assess publication bias, as well as interpret and report meta-analysis results. We discuss why meta-analysis is needed in gifted education. We also review the history of meta-analyses in gifted education and discuss topics that are conducive to meta-analysis. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the challenges and recent advancements in meta-analysis methodology. Last, we introduce useful resources for further learning of meta-analysis.
Parental Power and Prestige Moderate the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Offspring’s Psychological Adjustment: Introduction to the International Father Acceptance–Rejection Project

Drawing stimulus from parental acceptance–rejection theory (PARTheory), which postulates a pancultural association between perceptions of parental acceptance–rejection and offspring’s (children’s a...
Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on proliferation and apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma-2 cell strain and relevant mechanism

Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on proliferation and apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cell strain as well as the relevant mechanism. Methods CNE2 cells at logarithmic phase were treated with Rh2 at various concentrations(20,40,60,80 and 100 μmol / L)for various(24,48 and 72)hours,using those in routine culture as control,and determined for proliferative activity by MTT assay. CNE2 cells were treated with Rh2 at the optimal concentration for 24,48 and 72 h respectively,then observed for apoptotic morphology by Hoechst staining,observed for apoptotic rate,distribution of cell cycles and change of membrane potential by flow cytometry,and determined by expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,Cyclin D1 and p53 proteins by Western blot. Results Rh2 showed significantly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CNE2 cells significantly,in dose- and time-dependent manners,while the optimal concentration and time for treatment were 60 μmol / L and 72 h respectively. After treatment with Rh2 for 48 and 72 h,the number of apoptotic CNE2 cells increased,while the volume decreased,and the phenomena such as uneven nuclear chromatin,nuclear condensation,nuclear fragmentation and increased aggregation at edge appeared. As compared with those in control group,the apoptosis rate of CNE2 cells after treatment with 60 μmol / L Rh2 for 24,48 and 72 h increased gradually(P 0. 01),while the percentage in G0/ G1 phase increased gradually(P 0. 01)and those in S(P 0. 01)and G2/ M phases decreased gradually,and the membrane potential decreased gradually(P 0. 05);the expression of proapoptosis protein Bax,cleaved Caspase-3 and P53 increased(P 0. 05),while those of antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2 and cell cycle-associated protein Cyclin D1 decreased(P 0. 05). Conclusion Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of CNE2 cells,arrested the cell cycle at G0/ G1 phase and induced the cell apoptosis by a possible mechanism associated with Caspase / CyclinD1 signaling pathway.
Development of stable chlorine-containing disinfectant and its sterilization effect

Objective:To enhance sterilization effect and the stability of chlorine-containing disinfectant.Methods:After preliminary screening,the stabilizer(XS-1)and sodium polyphosphate were selected to add to sodium hypochlorite solution to detect stability and sterilization effect on Hay Bacilli spore.Results:Available chlorine was proportional to the contents of the stabilizer(XS-1),and the influence which comes from sodium polyphosphate was not obviously.When the solution available chlorine was 500 mg/L,affects 30 min and 1 h,the antiseptic effect with sodium polyphosphate contents used to be proportional,was in reverse proportion with the stabilizer contents.Conclusion:By this study,we got the content of the stable available chlorine of chlorine-containing disinfectants were among 4.90%~4.94%.Storaging in the 54℃ calorstat for 14 days,the decline rate of the available chlorine was 15.1%~18.2%,showing that the expiration date of them are near to one year.On the other hand,they had good sterilization effect on Hay Bacilli spore.
Phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic study of paricalcitol [19-nor-1 alpha, 25-(OH)2 D2] in combination with gemcitabine [2',2' difluorodeoxycytidine] in patients with advanced malignancies

12010 Background: Calcitriol+ gemcitabine (gem) combination results in synergistic anti-tumor effect in preclinical models. Cytidine deaminase (CDD) inactivates gem into 2’,2’-difluorodeoxyuridine ...
An optimal TDMA-based MAC scheduling for the minimum energy multicast in wireless ad hoc networks

Energy conservation is a critical issue in wireless ad hoc networks since batteries are the only limited-life energy source to power the nodes. The introduction of real-time applications has posed additional challenges. Transmission of video and imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the networks. We only consider "bandwidth" as the QoS in TDMA-based wireless ad hoc networks that use omni-directional antennas and have limited energy resources. We present a constraint formulation model for the QoS-MEM (QoS-aware minimum energy multicast) problem in terms of mixed integer linear programming (MILP). It can be used for an optimal solution of the QoS-MEM problem, and it also provides a way to evaluate the realistic performance of different heuristic algorithms.
Social Media and Active Shooter Events: A School Crisis Communication Challenge

In recent years, the need to study the communication challenges schools face during crises has become essential. The current study included semi-structured interviews with 56 crisis team members from 21 P–12 districts. Participants identified the social media challenges and strategies districts employ during crisis events. Implications for scholars and P–12 administrators are discussed.
Dorsal root ganglia damage in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: an animal model of HIV-induced sensory neuropathy.

HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is currently the most common neurological complication of chronic HIV infection and continues to substantially affect patient quality of life. Mechanisms underlying the neuronal damage and loss observed in sensory ganglia of HIV-infected individuals have not been sufficiently studied. The present study aimed to develop and characterize a model of HIV-SN using SIV-infected CD8 T-lymphocyte-depleted rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Uninfected controls (n = 5), SIV-infected CD8-depleted (n = 4), and SIV-infected non-CD8-depleted (n = 6) animals were used. Of the six non-CD8-depleted animals, three were conventional progressors (progressing to AIDS >1 year after infection) and three were rapid progressors (AIDS within 6 months). Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were examined for histological hallmarks of HIV-SN, including satellitosis, presence of Nageotte nodules, and neuronophagia, as well as increased numbers of CD68+ macrophages and abundant viral replication. In contrast to non-CD8-depleted animals, which had mild to moderate DRG pathology, the CD8-depleted SIV-infected animals had moderate to severe DRG damage, with increased numbers of CD68+ satellite cells. Additionally, there was marked active viral replication in the affected DRG. These findings confirm that many features of HIV-SN can be recapitulated in the CD8-depleted SIV-infected rhesus macaque model within a short time frame and illustrate the importance of this model for study of sensory neuropathy.
Treatment of severe mucositis pain with oral ketamine mouthwash

Mucositis is a significant complication of intensive chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), with few treatment options. Ketamine mouthwashes have been used for pain relief, but supporting evidence is limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reduction in pain intensity of stomatodynia and odynophagia compared to baseline assessment. This open-label, prospective, phase II interventional study (NCT01566448) was conducted from February 2012 through July 2015. Patients with grade 3 or 4 oral mucositis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) scale as a result of chemotherapy were treated with ketamine mouthwash 20 mg/5 mL four times daily and every 4 h as needed. Thirty patients were enrolled and a total of 136 assessments were conducted. A statistically significant reduction in pain scores of 2 and 3 points was achieved after 1 h and 3 days, respectively (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003). Pain scores were significantly improved while swallowing, reduced 1 and 4 points at 1-h and 3-day assessment, respectively (p = 0.0006, p = 0.0001). No patients developed adverse effects related to ketamine administration. Ketamine mouthwashes resulted in clinically meaningful and statistically significant reduction in pain scores, have an acceptable safety profile, and can be a useful adjunctive treatment in the multi-modal management of severe mucositis.
Susceptibility of Trogoderma granarium Everts and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) to residual contact insecticides

Commercial formulations of the pyrethroid insecticides β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin were evaluated for delayed mortality of Trogoderma granarium (Everts), the khapra beetle, and T. inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle. Ten 3-4 week-old larvae of either species were exposed on treated concrete arenas for 1, 2, 3, and 7 d then transferred into 175 ml diet cups containing 5 g of untreated rearing media for 30 d to evaluate delayed mortality. In a subsequent study, residual efficacy of β-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and chlorfenapyr was evaluated at 0–12 wks post-treatment against adults and larvae of a laboratory and a field strain of T. granarium. Ten adults or larvae of either strain were exposed on treated arenas at selected wks post-treatment and mortality was assessed after 4 and 30 d of exposure for adults and larvae, respectively. In the first study, delayed morality of T. granarium and T. inclusum larvae was <26% when exposed on arenas treated with the two pyrethroids, and T. inclusum larvae were less susceptible than T. granarium. Adult mortality was 90–100% for both strains of T. granarium across post-treatment assays regardless of insecticide treatment and there was no difference between strains. All three insecticides produced 100% mortality for the laboratory strain of T. granarium larvae in initial post-treatment assays, but then efficacy declined. Field strain larvae were more tolerant to the insecticides than laboratory strain larvae, and larvae of both T. granarium strains were more tolerant than adults. Longer exposure times were required to produce complete mortality of larvae compared to adults. All three insecticides provided residual efficacy of adults for up to three months.
Off-Line Integration Techniques for Robot Path Planning

Off-line programming techniques are not developed to the stage of practical application because of robot inaccuracy, difficulty in precise robot calibration,and difficulty in interfacing to CAD data bases. In this paper we present a practical approach to off-line programming of robots used in microelectronics assembly by integrating an off-line simulation program with data base preprocessing, robot calibration and robot inaccuracy correction. The calibration algorithms and the integration techniques described in this paper were verified in an environment of microelectronics assembly using a cylindrical robot.
JTM advances in uncharted territories: diseases and disorders of unknown etiology.

We are delighted to announce a new section in the Journal of Translational Medicine, ‘Illnesses of Unknown Etiology’. This section aims to provide a translational medicine forum for the publication of research on illnesses, multisystem diseases and syndromes of unknown etiology. Examples of these include Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Syndrome.
Non-Rabl Patterns of Centromere and Telomere Distribution in the Interphase Nuclei of Plant Cells

At the anaphase of cell divisions, the divided chromosomes move to the two poles, with the centromeres as heads and telomeres as tails. Such a polarized orientation of centromeres and telomeres is believed to be preserved in the interphase and is known as Rabl model. We analyzed the distributions of centromeres and telomeres in interphase nuclei from several plant species. Although Rabl polarity was observed in wheat, rye, barley and oats, non-Rabl patterns were discovered in sorghum, rice and maize. In the non-Rabl patterns, both centromeres and telomeres were dispersed throughout the interphase nucleus, except in the area occupied by the nucleolus. Both Rabl and non-Rabl distribution patterns of centromeres and telomeres were consistent in interphase nuclei derived from meristematic root tip cells, microspore mother cells and differentiated leaf cells. Our study demonstrated that there is a diversity of interphase chromatin organization and that the classical Rabl model is not universal in plant species.
Acute kidney injury: Precision perioperative care protects the kidneys.

Standardized prevention approaches can decrease the incidence of acute kidney injury among high-risk patients. Now, the INPRESS study demonstrates that a personalized intraoperative blood pressure management strategy guided by risk stratification can improve perioperative practice and reduce the risk of organ dysfunction among high-risk patients undergoing major surgery.
Outcomes and toxicity for hypofractionated and single-fraction image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for sarcoma metastatic to the spine.

9501 Background: Conventional radiation treatment (20-40 Gy total dose, 5-20 fractions, 2-5 Gy per fraction) for sarcoma metastatic to the spine provides subtherapeutic doses and results in poor lo...
Supervisory Control with Variable Lookahead Policies: Illustrative Example

We use the Limited Lookahead Policy (LLP) supervisory control scheme of [2, 3, 4, 1] to solve the Cat-and-Mouse problem of [5]. The solution employs the Variable Lookahead Policy (VLP) algorithms of [4]. These algorithms provide an efficient implementation technique of the LLP scheme.
Predicting Species Response to Ozone Using a Pollen Screen

Ozone is a major cause of injury to vegetation in Europe and the USA. Injury to a broad spectrum of Gymnosperms and Angiosperms after exposure to low 03 dosages was documented. (Feder et al 1969,1970;Gentile et al 1971;Omrod et al 1976;Davis & Wood 1972;Miller et al 1969;and Berry 1973.) Sensitive plant species are injured by 0.04–0.06ppm 03 for 4hr. Petunia, tobacco, potato, and morning glory and tree species like white pine and ponderosa pine were in this 03-sensitive group. (Feder 1970; Miller et al 1969;Berry 1973.) Sensitivity to 03 varies among CVs and within species. Variability of 03 response was noted for corn (Cameron et al 1970) ;tomato (Gentile et al 1971) ;bean (Davis & Kress 1974) ;Petunia (Feder et al 1969) ;alfalfa (Howell et al 1971); white pine (Berry 1973);Ponderosa pine (Miller et al 1969) ;and forest trees (Jensen 1973.)
Linear Chain Antiferromagnetism in CsMn Cl 3 ·2 H 2 O

The magnetic susceptibilities of orthorhombic single crystals of CsMn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O have been measured along the $a$, $b$, and $c$ axes between 0.35 and 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Above \ensuremath{\sim}9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the susceptibility is essentially that of a system of extended weakly interacting chains of spins ($S=\frac{5}{2}$, $g=2.00$) antiferromagnetically coupled by nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange interaction. The magnitude of the intrachain interaction has been deduced by comparison with Fisher's classical limiting form of the theory of the Heisenberg chain, with and without corrections for the finite spin of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{+\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}+}$ ion. With such corrections one finds $J=\ensuremath{-}3.00k$. A small uniaxial anisotropy evident at hydrogen temperatures is attributed primarily to single-ion effects. Below \ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, interchain interaction apparently causes long-range antiferromagnetic ordering, with the $a$ axis the preferred direction of spin orientation. At 0.35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K an anomalous temperature dependence of uncertain origin is seen.