cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward an Understanding of the Mechanism of Nonphotochemical Quenching in Green Plants

Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants involves highly reactive intermediates and byproducts that can damage the photosynthetic apparatus and other chloroplast constituents. The potential for damage is exacerbated when the amount of absorbed light exceeds the capacity for light energy utilization in photosynthesis, a condition that can lead to decreases in photosynthetic efficiency. A feedback de-excitation mechanism (qE), measured as a component of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, regulates photosynthetic light harvesting in excess light in response to a change in thylakoid lumen pH. qE involves de-excitation of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll in the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II, thereby minimizing the deleterious effects of high light via thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy. While the physiological importance of qE has been recognized for many years, a description of its physical mechanism remains elusive. We summarize recent biochemical and spectroscopic results that have brought us closer to the goal of a mechanistic understanding of this fundamental photosynthetic regulatory process.
Learners’ views of social issues in pronunciation learning

Success in L2 pronunciation learning is affected by both individual differences and social influences on learning. While individual differences have been extensively researched, social influences have not. This study examines the beliefs and attitudes of advanced learners of English in regard to their pronunciation abilities and improvement. Twelve graduate students took part in four weeks of individualized pronunciation tutoring followed by interviews asking about their pronunciation, use of English, and their pronunciation in social contexts. The interviews revealed four images of their pronunciation learning. The first was that their spoken language skills left them feeling pulled in conflicting directions; the second was that they believed that accents could be ‘caught’ (like a cold) from the models around them (whether those models were seen as good or bad); the third concerned the students’ views of accent and identity, which by and large were not seen as connected; and the fourth suggested that they saw themselves as separate from regular social contact in the L2. Each of these images involved contradictory beliefs about the nature of pronunciation improvement and its relationship to social interaction. These beliefs made improvement in pronunciation difficult. It is only by helping learners address these contradictory beliefs that greater pronunciation improvement will be possible.
Continuum models of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract Molecular mechanics (MM) simulations have been carried out to determine energetically favorable double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) structures, and analyze their infinitesimal extensional, torsional, radial expansion/contraction, and bending deformations. Loads are applied either to one wall or simultaneously to both walls of an open-ended DWNT. These results are compared against single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) results to determine differences and similarities between responses of SWNTs and DWNTs, and the validity of using SWNT results to predict the response of a DWNT. It is found that for small deformations such as simple tension and torsion, results for a DWNT can be derived from those for its constituent SWNTs within 3% error. Results of radial expansion/contraction of a SWNT are used to deduce an expression for the van der Waals force. Based on these results, a continuum model is proposed for a MWNT whose response to mechanical deformations computed using engineering theories is the same as that of the MWNT obtained via MM simulations. The continuum structure is comprised of concentric cylindrical tubes interconnected by truss elements. Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, the thickness of each concentric tube, and the stiffness of the truss elements are given. The proposed continuum model is validated by studying bending and the onset of global buckling deformations of a DWNT and its proposed equivalent continuum structure. Carbon nanotubes can be replaced by their equivalent continuum structures when deriving mechanical properties of nanotube reinforced polymeric composites.
COORDINATION AS A STRATEGY FOR SERVING THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED: A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK OF LOCAL AND STATE ROLES

This paper examines three different policy approaches toward local coordination of transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged. Since many public services previously delivered by federal and state entities continue to devolve to more local levels of service delivery and programmatic control, interorganizational coordination serves as an approach for the public sector to ensure that services are efficiently delivered in a nonduplicative manner. Local transportation services for the disadvantaged are often delivered by a variety of nonprofit organizations, operated independently by multiple entities in a community, and result in duplicative, overlapping and uncoordinated services. Findings from the analysis suggest that state-level policies must, at a minimum, target and fund the coordination process in order to be effective. Differing examples of how this goal is to be reached are presented. The primary activities that can help sustain local efforts of interorganizational coordination are identified: (1) active involvement of a higher level administrative body in local coordination efforts; (2) parallel efforts of coordination at the state level; and (3) the development of an ongoing local entity that can dedicate itself to coordination activities.
Immune Evasion of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus through Glycan Shielding Involves both Glycoprotein 5 as Well as Glycoprotein 3

Passive administration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can effectively protect pigs against PRRSV infection. However, after PRRSV infection, pigs typically develop a weak and deferred NAb response. One major reason for such a meager NAb response is the phenomenon of glycan shielding involving GP5, a major glycoprotein carrying one major neutralizing epitope. We describe here a type II PRRSV field isolate (PRRSV-01) that is highly susceptible to neutralization and induces an atypically rapid, robust NAb response in vivo. Sequence analysis shows that PRRSV-01 lacks two N-glycosylation sites, normally present in wild-type (wt) PRRSV strains, in two of its envelope glycoproteins, one in GP3 (position 131) and the other in GP5 (position 51). To determine the influence of these missing N-glycosylation sites on the distinct neutralization phenotype of PRRSV-01, a chimeric virus (FL01) was generated by replacing the structural genes of type II PRRSV strain FL12 cDNA infectious clone with those from PRRSV-01. N-glycosylation sites were reintroduced into GP3 and GP5 of FL01, separately or in combination, by site-directed mutagenesis. Reintroduction of the N-glycosylation site in either GP3 or GP5 allowed recovery of in vivo and in vitro glycan shielding capacity, with an additive effect when these sites were reintroduced into both glycoproteins simultaneously. Although the loss of these glycosylation sites has seemingly occurred naturally (presumably by passage through cell cultures), PRRSV-01 virus quickly regains these glycosylation sites through replication in vivo, suggesting that a strong selective pressure is exerted at these sites. Collectively, our data demonstrate the involvement of an N-glycan moiety located in GP3 in glycan shield interference.
THE REACTIVATION OF HEAT-INACTIVATED HYALURONIDASE

1. Following heat denaturation after an hour at boiling temperature bovine testicular hyaluronidase has been shown to undergo spontaneous reactivation. 2. This reactivation is a function of the temperature at which the enzyme solution is maintained. 3. Secondary inactivation was observed to follow a reactivation of the enzyme at all concentrations observed. 4. There is a relationship between hydrolysis by the enzyme and the purity of the substrate. The demonstration of activity of the freshly boiled enzyme by the turbidimetric reduction technique is dependent upon the purity of the substrate. 5. These reactions have been demonstrated using preparations of bovine and avian hyaluronic acid and porcine chondroitin sulfate.
A doppler guided retrograde catheterization system

A Doppler guided retrograde catheterization system was developed to accurately cathe-terize the aortic root and left ventricular chamber without X-ray. This system consists of a 20 MHz, 0.076 mm thick × 1.016 mm diameter pulsed Doppler crystal integrated into the tip of a 100 cm multipurpose triple lumen catheter. Two lumens (0.61 mm) are used for electrodes; a third lumen (1.245 mm) may be used for guidewire and pressure determination; and the system is attached to a flow velocimeter. In an aortic arch flow model, the principles of Doppler signal guidance were confirmed with flow toward the catheter tip demonstrating positive signals and flow away from the catheter tip demonstrating negative signals. The magnitude and polarity (direction) of the detected phasic and mean velocities were utilized to guide catheterization in six dogs. Using the reversal of Doppler signal polarity to indicate branch entry and manipulating the catheter so as to maintain maximal positive axial velocity, the Doppler catheter was successfully advanced from the femoral artery to the aortic valve. Branches detected by the Doppler system were confirmed by fluoroscopy. The aortic valve was audible when approached and the left ventricular chamber was recognized by its characteristic pressure waveform. The Doppler guided retrograde catheterization system offers new technology to perform left heart catheterization without X-ray and may prove useful in a variety of settings including the development of invasive ultrasonic diagnostic and therapeutic technology. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lord Acton and the plan of the Cambridge Modern History

The Cambridge Modern Historg was at once the monument of the Englishspeaking historical profession as it emerged from the nineteenth century and the shaper of its thought for the first four decades of the twentieth century.1 It defined the period of modern history, and it defined modern history as essentially the history of Europe. Its volumes shaped that history into periods determined by some leading event or theme, and its chapters traced that history largely in terms of political states and intellectual movements. The result was pretty much what Lord Acton had planned. It was not, perhaps, what the syndics of the Cambridge University Press had planned. They were not certain that such a work was practicable. Only the presence of Acton, 'the nearest approach to omniscience',2 at Cambridge as regius professor of modern history from i 895 enabled F. W. Maitland and the Greek scholar Henry Jackson to persuade them to propose it, rather tentatively, on March i i, I896. The syndics were also not certain what the work was to be: they proposed 'a History of the World', or 'Universal History', a term which continued to be used in their minutes for three years. They resolved 'that Prof. Lord Acton be asked whether he would consider the possibility of his undertaking the general direction of a History of the World in case the Syndics decide to publish such a work. ' Acton felt that his chair obliged him to undertake the work; but his chair was Modern History, not quite universal history, which in any case he was unwilling to do. By May 8 he had persuaded the syndics to cut it down to Modern History, beginning with the renaissance; and on May 2 I Acton agreed on these terms. When he
Nanomanipulation and fabrication by ion beam molding

Nanoscale manipulation is a basic ability needed to realize many of the nanotechnology applications. We demonstrate an ion bean molding technique to shape the configuration of nanostructures. As an example, the native curvature of a carbon nanotube in an atomic force microscope tip and its undesirable angle with respect to the surface are removed by this technique to render the nanotube straight. The straightened nanotube is effectively used in a semiconductor profilometry application. The ion beam molding technique is also shown to be effective in creating a desirable net shape of nanotubes. As mechanical deformation determines electrical and other properties of nanotubes, such manipulation may be of use in nanodevice fabrication.
Doppler Radar Wind and Reflectivity Signatures with Overrunning and Freezing-Rain Episodes: Preliminary Results

Abstract Freezing rain is commonly caused by overrunning. The typical atmospheric structure and precipitation patterns associated with overrunning and freezing rain suggest a general association between 1) a bright band and 2) a wind-shear layer between the colder air mass near the surface and an overrunning warmer air mass above the frontal boundary. These features were easily detected by a Doppler radar, and their associated thermodynamic structure was documented by an instrumented aircraft in two freezing-rain events near Kansas City, Missouri, in February 1990. The two cases suggest that perhaps freezing rain caused by overrunning has recognizable and easily parameterized Doppler radar signatures that could be incorporated into a freezing-rain detection algorithm. A preliminary algorithm is discussed.
Diversity In Supply Chains: What Really Matters?

Diverse, well-developed supply chains promote business success by reducing costs, enhancing innovation, successfully integrating acquired businesses and reaching new markets. Managing such inter-organizational relationships improves when the organizational culture is humanistic, achievement oriented, affiliative and self-actualizing and when similar perceptions of these values are held across all buyer and supplier groups. Based on a survey of a diverse group of supplier chief executive officers (n=70) and buyers in a focal organization (n=79), this study finds that African-American executives are less likely to perceive constructive dimensions of organizational culture, while Hispanic executives are more likely to perceive negative dimensions, while buyers perceive the culture as constructive for a culture of diversity.
Seven new species of Canthochilum Chapin from Hispaniola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Seven new species, Canthochilum brodzinskyorum NEW SPECIES, Canthochilum magnum NEW SPECIES, Canthochilum matthewsi NEW SPECIES, Canthochilum mimicum NEW SPECIES, Canthochilum nebulonemi NEW SPECIES, Canthochilum platycnemis NEW SPECIES, and Canthochilum xericum NEW SPECIES, are described from Hispaniola. New distribution records are given for C. cibony Matthews and C. darlingtoni Matthews in the Dominican Republic.
Influence of an industrial surfactant (pluronic F-68) on human amniotic fluid embolism

The effect of intra-arterial human amniotic fluid embolism on the mesenteric microcirculation of the rabbit was studied by microcinephotography. The alternations of these effects by an industrial surfactant, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol, and low molecular weight dextran were investigated. Amniotic cellular debris resulted in an aggregation of cellular material (mostly platelets) about the debris then obstructing the microcirculation. This was also associated with a precipitous drop in blood pressure. Infusion with a solution of polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycol reconstituted the microcirculation by disseminating post facto early thrombi about the cellular debris and restored the systemic blood pressure. The same volume of low molecular weight dextran infused in similar experiments failed to restore blood pressure or the micro circulation. Infusion of these agents prior to human amniotic fluid embolism prevented impairment of the microcirculation and shock.
On Tschirnhaus Transformations

We revisit the classical problem of simplifying polynomials by means of Tschirnhaus transformations. We consider Tschirnhaus transformations involving (i) no auxiliary radicals, (ii) arbitrary radicals, (iii) odd degree radicals, and (iv) odd degree radicals and the square root of the discriminant. In [BR] we showed that by using substitutions of type (i) one cannot reduce the general polynomial of degree n to a form with less than [n/2] independent coefficients. In this paper we give a new proof of this result and also extend it to transformations of types (iii) and (iv). In the last section we present alternative proofs, based on the cohomological approach shown to us by J.-P. Serre.
273 : Antibody deficiency associated with an inherited autosomal dominant mutation in TWEAK

Mutations in the TNF family of proteins have been associated with inherited forms of immune deficiency. Using an array-based sequencing assay, we identified an autosomal-dominant deficiency in TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK; TNFSF12) in a kindred with recurrent infection and impaired antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide vaccines. This mutation occurs in the sixth exon of TWEAK and results in the amino acid substitution R145C within the conserved TNF-homology domain of the full-length protein. TWEAK mutant protein formed high molecular weight aggregates under nonreducing conditions, suggesting an increased propensity for intermolecular interactions. As a result, mutant TWEAK associated with B-cell–activating factor (BAFF) protein and down-regulated the BAFF-mediated activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway through inhibition of p100 processing to p52, resulting in inhibition of BAFF-dependent B-cell survival and proliferation. As BAFF mediates T-cell–independent isotype switching and B-cell survival, our data implicate TWEAK as a disease-susceptibility gene for a humoral immunodeficiency.
Self-consistent perturbation theory for interacting electron systems. I. General formalism for two-closed-shell molecules

A general self-consistent perturbation formalism is developed for two interacting closed-shell molecules. The zero-order many-electron wavefunction of the coupled system is represented by an antisymmetrized product of the mutually orthogonal single-determinant wavefunctions of the constituent parts. The method involves the application of perturbation theory directly to the Fock-Dirac density matrix and thus avoids the calculation of perturbed orbitals. Self-consistency to first order is maintained by an iterative determination of the matrix elements of the Hartree-Fock perturbation operator. Explicit expressions are given for the matrix elements of the one-electron and two-electron perturbations and for the energy changes to first and second order.
Quantum corrections to supergravity on AdS 2 × S 2

We compute the off-shell spectrum of supergravity on ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{2}$ by explicit diagonalization of the equations of motion for an effective ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{2}$ theory where all fields are dualized to scalars and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermions. We classify all bulk modes as physical, gauge violating, and pure gauge then compute the physical spectrum by explicit cancellation of unphysical modes. We identify boundary modes as physical fields on ${S}^{2}$ that are formally pure gauge but with gauge function that is non-normalizable on ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{2}$. As an application we compute the leading quantum correction to ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{2}$ as a sum over physical fields including boundary states. The result agrees with a previous computation by Sen [1] where unphysical modes were canceled by ghosts.
2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone in Corn Products

2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DHF) was identified (GC−MS) in canned, frozen (cooked), and fresh (cooked) sweet corn. It was also identified in corn tortilla chips and taco shells. The concentration of DHF was higher in canned (170−270 μg/kg) than in fresh (19 μg/kg) or frozen (27 μg/kg) sweet corn. Moderate concentrations of DHF occurred in tortilla chips (260 μg/kg) and taco shells (80 μg/kg). The DHF was isolated using a dynamic headspace method with anhydrous sodium sulfate blended with the corn products to remove water. DHF occurred at a concentration on the order of 5−10 times its odor threshold (in water) in the canned sweet corns and tortilla chips and also above this threshold in taco shells. Keywords: 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone; Furaneol; sweet corn; tortilla chips; identification; concentration; dynamic headspace; sodium sulfate
Evaluation of preoperative ProstaScint™ scans in the prediction of nodal disease

Diagnostic methods are limited for detecting microscopic soft tissue metastases in patients with prostate cancer. Previous studies using 111Indium Capromab Pendetide (ProstaScint™ scan) analyzed patients with extensive localized tumor (prostate specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml) not optimal for surgical therapy. We evaluated the role of the ProstaScint™ scan in a preoperative population to provide histological documentation and to assess its utility in a surgical population. A total of 22 preoperative patients, underwent a ProstaScint™ scan. The mean preoperative PSA was 16.0 ng/ml (range 3.9–33 ng/ml). The mean Gleason score at biopsy was 6.9 (range 6–9). Each patient underwent a radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, which included resection of both obturator and common iliac lymph nodes. Histologic analysis of the resected lymph nodes provided the standard of comparison with the ProstaScint™ scan. The results of the scan and pathology for all 22 patients were compared with the bilateral obturator and iliac nodes, creating 88 data points. Nine areas (10%) were positive on the scan. One of these (11%) was a true positive while the other eight (89%) were false positives. Seventy-nine areas (90%) were negative on scan results. Of these, five areas (6%) were false negatives and 74 areas (94%) were true negatives. The scan yielded a sensitivity of 17%, specificity of 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 94% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11%. The high false positive rate and low PPV of ProstaScint scans overestimates metastatic lymph nodes disease, and is not useful when used preoperatively.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Pendrin Potentiate the Diuretic Action of Furosemide

Pendrin is a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed in type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells in the distal nephron, where it facilitates Cl- absorption and is involved in Na+ absorption and acid-base balance. Pendrin-knockout mice show no fluid-electrolyte abnormalities under baseline conditions, although mice with double knockout of pendrin and the Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC) manifest profound salt wasting. Thus, pendrin may attenuate diuretic-induced salt loss, but this function remains unconfirmed. To clarify the physiologic role of pendrin under conditions not confounded by gene knockout, and to test the potential utility of pendrin inhibitors for diuretic therapy, we tested in mice a small-molecule pendrin inhibitor identified from a high-throughput screen. In vitro, a pyrazole-thiophenesulfonamide, PDSinh-C01, inhibited Cl-/anion exchange mediated by mouse pendrin with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1-3 µM, without affecting other major kidney tubule transporters. Administration of PDSinh-C01 to mice at predicted therapeutic doses, determined from serum and urine pharmacokinetics, did not affect urine output, osmolality, salt excretion, or acid-base balance. However, in mice treated acutely with furosemide, administration of PDSinh-C01 produced a 30% increase in urine output, with increased Na+ and Cl- excretion. In mice treated long term with furosemide, in which renal pendrin is upregulated, PDSinh-C01 produced a 60% increase in urine output. Our findings clarify the role of pendrin in kidney function and suggest pendrin inhibition as a novel approach to potentiate the action of loop diuretics. Such combination therapy might enhance diuresis and salt excretion for treatment of hypertension and edema, perhaps including diuretic-resistant edema.
Determination of clozapine in serum by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of the concentration of clozapine in serum.Methods The analysis was conducted with Hypersil C18 column.Methanol-water(75∶25)(0.3% triethylamine was added and glacial acetic acid was used to regulate pH to 8.0) was served as mobile phase,the flow number was 0.8 mL·min-1,and the detecting wavelengh was at 243 nm.Serum sample was applied to SPE column,and the eluting agent was methanol.The eluant was collected and was dried in 65 ℃ with Nitrogen gas.Results The linear range of clozapine in serum was 0.05-10.00 mg·L-1.The recovery rate of low concentration,moderate concentration and high concentration(0.22,1.08,3.22 mg·L-1) was 102.0%,99.7%,99.4% respectively.Both of the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 5%.Conclusion This method is accurate,sensitive,and simple.It is suitable for the determination of the concentration of clozapine in serum and the analysis of drug poisoning of clozapine.
CAUSE ANALYSIS OF FRACTURES ON LOW-PRESSURE LAST-STAGE BLADES IN N135-13.24/535/535 UNITS

Directing against the causes leading to a lot of concentrated fractures occurred on the low-pressure last-stage blades of 2Cr12MoV steel in N135-13.24/535/535 units,a test analysis has been carried out.Results of test show that the main cause is due to the reinforcement technolgical process of said blades having been unsuitably selected or unstrictly controlled,the reinforced zone at steam-inlet side of the low-pressure last-stage blades due to fully quenched,a hardened zone being formed,and having higher stress in the phase-changed structure.For this,it is recommended that the manufacturer should perfect the high frequency quenching process for partial reinforcement of the said blades,such as adopting laser treatment etc.,so as to avoid occurrence of fractures on the blades.
The EF2K/MHCK/TRPM7 family of atypical protein kinases

Publisher Summary The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of TRPM7 has provided insight into enzymatic function of the EF2K/MHCK/TRPM7 atypical kinase family. The kinase domain of TRPM7 forms a dimer as a consequence of a “domain swapping” exchange of an N-terminal 27-residue “dimerization segment.” Substantial evidence indicates that EF2K is highly regulated by second messengers, in particular Ca2+, and serves to integrate the effects of multiple signaling pathways on the regulation of protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of EF2 results in inhibition of the elongation step of protein synthesis, and therefore activation of EF2K by Ca2+/calmodulin inversely couples the level of intracellular Ca2+ to the overall rate of protein synthesis. EF2K activity is regulated both positively and negatively downstream of metabolic and cellular stress pathways. EF2K plays a role in the activity-dependent regulation of “local protein synthesis” in specific subcellular compartments. Phosphorylation of EF2 in dendrites is bidirectionally regulated by local modulation of miniature synaptic transmission, while depolarization of neuronal growth cones has been found to increase EF2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of EF2 potently inhibits the elongation step of protein synthesis, possibly through reduction of its affinity for the ribosome. This EF2K-dependent regulation of translation in neurons has been implicated in the consolidation of new memories for long-term storage. EF2K may also play a role in certain disease states, most notably the dysregulation of protein synthesis involved in cancer.
Evaluating Frequency of Anti-Xa Monitoring in Treatment of Pediatric Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: With the rising incidence of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE), it is imperative that anticoagulation treatment protocols are standardized. While unfractionated heparin and warfarin were considered the standards of care, enoxaparin has now become the drug of choice in many pediatric institutions, given improved efficacy, fewer bleeding complications, and a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The increased bioavailability, predictable dose response, and less frequent drug monitoring have made enoxaparin popular in the adult population. In pediatrics, there are insufficient guidelines regarding frequency of enoxaparin monitoring. At Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), we titrate the enoxaparin dose during initial hospitalization to a therapeutic Anti-Xa level of 0.5 - 1.0 units/mL. Patients are instructed to return for outpatient follow-up levels within 9 days of discharge, and monthly thereafter. It is unclear whether this frequency of monitoring is optimal. OBJECTIVES: In an effort to reduce overall patient morbidity and healthcare costs, we evaluated current Anti-Xa level monitoring practices in children with VTEs at TCH to develop recommendations for standardizing Anti-Xa level monitoring. METHODS: Using the TCH DVT Registry, we retrospectively identified 107 subjects diagnosed with uncomplicated VTE and treated with enoxaparin. Demographic information, Anti-Xa levels, dose modifications, and outcomes were abstracted using the electronic medical record (Epic®) and analyzed. RESULTS: 103 patients had therapeutic Anti-Xa levels at the time of hospital discharge. As instructed, 82 (80%) patients returned for follow-up within 9 days of discharge, with only 59 (72%) patients having therapeutic Anti-Xa levels. Of these 59 subjects, only 34 patients returned to clinic for their 1-month follow-up visit, of which 27 (80%) had therapeutic levels requiring no dose adjustments. Of the original 59 subjects, 29 patients returned for their 2-month follow-up, of which 26 (90%) patients continued to have therapeutic levels. CONCLUSIONS: Initial therapeutic levels immediately post-discharge are critical to ensuring therapeutic dosing throughout the course of therapy. Once confirmed, the majority of subjects continued to have therapeutic levels at their 1-month (80%) and 2-month follow-ups (90%). Given the discomfort of laboratory testing, costs, and time to families, it may be reasonable to decrease the frequency of laboratory monitoring at these monthly visits. Disclosures Off Label Use: Enoxaparin for anticoagulation of pediatric patients with venous thromboembolism.
D sets and IP rich sets in countable, cancellative abelian semigroups

We give combinatorial characterizations of IP rich sets (IP sets that remain IP upon removal of any set of zero upper Banach density) and D sets (members of idempotent ultrafilters, all of whose members have positive upper Banach density) in a general countable, cancellative abelian semigroup. We then show that the family of IP rich sets strictly contains the family of D sets.
The Continued Promise and Many Disappointments of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Oncolytic virotherapy represents a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Oncolytic viruses, including genetically engineered and naturally occurring viruses, can selectively replicate in and induce tumor cell apoptosis without harming normal tissues, thus offering a promising tool in the armamentarium for cancer therapy. While this approach has garnered much interest over the past several decades, there has not been significant headway across various tumor types. The recent approval of talimogene laherparepvec, a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, confirms the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viral therapy. Herein, we will highlight and review the role of oncolytic viral therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies while discussing its limitations and potential alternative mechanisms to improve its treatment efficacy.
Valley polarized exciton polaritons from two-dimensional semiconductor in microcavity

We report the observation of room temperature strongly coupled microcavity polaritons that are valley polarized due to the coupling of the photons with specific helicity to excitons in the distinct valleys of the 2D material.
A 29.5 dBm Class-E Outphasing RF Power Amplifier With Efficiency and Output Power Enhancement Circuits in 45nm CMOS

A CMOS class-E outphasing RF power amplifier is presented with a new passive combining circuit that provides high efficiency and high output power. An efficiency enhancement circuit and a power enhancement circuit are proposed as part of the combiner that improve efficiency at power back-off and increase output power without violating reliability limits, respectively. The proposed power amplifier is designed in a 45nm CMOS technology. The power amplifier (PA) delivers 29.5 dBm peak output power at 2.4 GHz with 46.76% drain efficiency at peak output power, 32.96% drain efficiency at 3 dB power back-off, and 21.16% drain efficiency at 6 dB power back-off. The proposed power amplifier shows excellent linearity with digital pre-distortion. Better than −50 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is obtained with 64-QAM long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidth. For two-carrier 20 MHz LTE signal, −44 dBc ACPR is achieved. 21% average drain efficiency is obtained with LTE signal with a 6 dB peak-to-average power ratio. The PA is also tested with 802.11g WLAN signal and it satisfies the spectral mask requirement with high margin. 1.4% (−37.1 dB) error vector magnitude (EVM) is obtained with LTE signal (64-QAM) with a 10 MHz bandwidth.
Spectrally efficient telemedicine and in-hospital patient data transfer

We propose an overlay cognitive radio scheme for telemedicine and in-hospital patient data transfer. We consider the telemedicine transmitter receiver pair to be the primary user or spectrum license holder. The in-hospital patient monitor is the secondary user in this overlay cognitive radio model. Using the fact that the data transmitted to the telemedicine terminal and the in-hospital patient monitor both originate from the coordinator of a medical body area network, the side information at the transmitter can be used to mitigate the effects of interference while the two medical data transmission schemes coexist in the same frequency band. This method can be used to enhance the bit error rate and spectral efficiency in transferring the information generated by wireless body area networks to remote destinations. The method finds applications in E-health medical systems.
Working memory and salivary brain-derived neurotrophic factor as developmental predictors of cocaine seeking in male and female rats

Poor working memory is linked to future risk-taking behaviors. Lifelong risk of habitual drug use is highest in individuals who initiate use in early adolescence. We sought to determine in rats whether juvenile traits, specifically poor working memory and low salivary brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are related to elevated cocaine taking and relapse in adolescence and adulthood. On postnatal day (P) 20, working memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task in male and female rats. Saliva was assayed at P20 for BDNF before cocaine self-administration on P28 [0.75 or 0.25 mg/kg/infusion for 30 days under a fixed-ratio (FR) 1 to FR5 schedule] and on P94 before relapse after 30-day abstinence in adulthood. A separate cohort of P28 male rats was assayed for object discrimination and BDNF in saliva and the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum. Novel object discrimination correlated positively with salivary BDNF on P20 and dorsolateral striatum levels, but negatively with medial prefrontal cortex BDNF in male rats. In female rats, P20 salivary BDNF negatively correlated with object discrimination. Salivary BDNF positively correlated across age in male rats. Male rats earned more cocaine (0.75 mg/kg) at FR5 and responded more at relapse than did female rats. These elevated relapse rates in male rats were significantly associated with P20 object discrimination and salivary BDNF. Relapse after 0.75 and 0.25 mg/kg in female rats correlated only with object discrimination. In conclusion, poor working memory and low salivary BDNF in juvenile male rats may represent biomarkers for later cocaine use. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers for risk in male rats.
Supporting Strategies for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Higher Education Faculty Hiring

Henry F. Fradella takes a long view of diversity’s role in higher education to present some tried and true “best practices” for creating and implementing both formal policies and informal practices that support diverse and inclusive hiring practices. In doing so, he details how higher education has moved over the past forty years from focusing primarily on the heterogeneity of demographic representation to targeting the integration of diverse employee involvement in all systems and processes. Fradella further discusses relevant legal issues in training search committees, recruiting diverse applicant pools, and supporting efforts to foster inclusion in university activities and communications. Finally, he admonishes those who assign insufficient institutional resources for diverse and inclusive hiring practices, arguing that administrators at every rank can effect positive change.
Gi protein functions in thalamic neurons to decrease orofacial nociceptive response

Orofacial pain includes neuronal pathways that project from the trigeminal nucleus to and through the thalamus. What role the ventroposterior thalamic complex (VP) has on orofacial pain transmission is not understood. To begin to address this question an inhibitory G protein (Gi) designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD) was transfected in cells of the VP using adeno-associated virus isotype 8. Virus infected cells were identified by a fluorescent tag and immunostaining. Cells were silenced after injecting the designer drug clozapine-n-oxide, which binds the designer receptor activating Gi. Facial rubbing and local field potentials (LFP) in the VP were then recorded in awake, free moving Sprague Dawley rats after formalin injection of the masseter muscle to induce nociception. Formalin injection significantly increased LFP and the nociceptive behavioral response. Activation of DREADD Gi with clozapine-n-oxide significantly reduced LFP in the VP and reduced the orofacial nociceptive response. Because DREADD silencing can result from Gi-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRK), the GIRK channel blocker tertiapin-Q was injected. Injection of GIRK blocker resulted in an increase in the nociceptive response and increased LFP activity. Immunostaining of the VP for glutamate vesicular transporter (VGLUT2) and gamma-aminobutyric acid vesicular transporter (VGAT) indicated a majority of the virally transfected cells were excitatory (VGLUT2 positive) and a minority were inhibitory (VGAT positive). We conclude first, that inhibition of the excitatory neurons within the VP reduced electrical activity and the orofacial nociceptive response and that the effect on excitatory neurons overwhelmed any change resulting from inhibitor neurons. Second, inhibition of LFP and nociception was due, in part, to GIRK activation.
That Your Education May Be Complete: Implementing the Bishops' Curriculum Framework in Continuity with the Christian Teaching Tradition.

While the U.S. Bishops’ Doctrinal Elements of a Curriculum Framework provides robust content guidelines for a national high school Religion curriculum, its successful implementation will depend largely on concurrent development of, and training in, pedagogy suited to Christian education. This paper directs educators to existing catechetical documents that provide some general methodological guidance as well as to several time-tested pedagogical insights gleaned from the writings of ancient and modern Christian educators. The final section applies these insights from the tradition to current efforts to implement the bishops’ Framework in order to provide educators with a starting point for the elaboration of pedagogical methods called for by the bishops.
Aortic and Mitral Valve Replacement in Children: A 21-Year Experience

This article presents a retrospective review of 20 aortic and 43 mitral prosthetic valves in 47 children over a 21-year period. The authors discuss the problems encountered during the early years of mechanical valve replacement in children, the enthusiasm for tissue valves in the mid to late 1970s as well as the early failure of these valves, and their current preference for mechanical aortic and mitral prostheses for children in most clinical situations.
A central control for cell growth.

The identification of an unexpected function for the mitogen-activated protein kinase — the synthesis of DNA and RNA — opens up yet another route by which this multifaceted enzyme can influence cellular growth.
Pontryagin's optimal control principle applied to computer-assisted accident diagnostics in nuclear power plants

A method for nuclear power plant accident diagnostics using optimal control theory was investigated. A computer code, CAAD (Computer Assisted Accident Diagnostics), based on Pontryagin's Principle, has been written and applied to single control malfunctions in nuclear power plants. Using a simplified systems model to represent power plant dynamics, the control theory in CAAD is expected to be suitable for expanding to more detailed systems applications. Results were obtained for a series of simulated plant transients that compare key state parameters to the control parameter output resulting from searches for the correct malfunction. A performance index is used as a convergence criterion upon which to define the degree of approach to the correct failure identification. The long-term goal of this methodology would be to expand to on-line computer application in reactor control rooms. Intended to be automatically initiated by a reactor accident, the malfunction search process would provide the operator with additional information to assist in identifying the most likely failure.
Factors influencing the thermodynamics of molecular hydrogen oxidation addition to Vaska-type complexes (trans-Ir(PR3)2(CO)X): predictions from ab initio calculations and experimental verification

A detailed ab initio computational study of H[sub 2] addition to Vaska-type complexes (trans-Ir(PR[sub 3])[sub 2](CO)X) has been conducted. The calculated relative energies of addition agree very well with known experimental values. The computed prediction for X = CN has been verified. The authors conclude that the thermodynamics of H[sub 2] addition is dominated primarily by [pi]-interactions and, in contrast to commonly held views of this reaction, increased [pi]-donation decreases the exothermicity of H[sub 2] addition. 19 refs., 1 tab.
In defense of sugar: a critical analysis of rhetorical strategies used in The Sugar Association's award-winning 1976 public relations campaign.

In 1976, the U.S. Sugar Association (SA), a globally networked trade organization representing the cane and beet sugar industry, won the Public Relations Society of America’s (PRSA) Silver Anvil Award for a crisis communication campaign. Their campaign successfully limited the diffusion of sugar restriction policies to control obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and dental caries, and marked the beginning of the modern-day SA. The sugar industry continues to resist measures to reduce sugar consumption, therefore understanding and addressing industry opposition is crucial to achieving global targets to reduce non-communicable disease. We critically analyze common crisis management rhetorical strategies used by SA to defend itself from perceived wrongdoing, and sugar from perceptions of harm using a thematic content analysis based on Hearit’s Corporate Apologia theory. Data sources were internal SA documents related to the 1976 Silver Anvil Award in 1) PRSA records, 2) Great Western Sugar Company records, and 3) William Jefferson Darby Papers. SA, using prototypical apologia stances (counterattack, differentiation, apology, and corrective action) and rhetorical dissociation strategies (appearance/reality, opinion/knowledge, and act/essence) constructed a persuasive narrative to successfully defend sugar from a product safety crisis, and the sugar industry from a social legitimacy crisis. SA’s overarching narrative was that restricting sugar, which it claimed was a valuable food that makes healthy foods more palatable, would cause harm and that claims to the contrary were made by opportunists, pseudoscientists, food-faddists, lay nutritionists or those who had been misled by them. SA’s apologia does not meet criteria for truthfulness or sincerity. Corporate apologia theory provides an accessible way of understanding sugar industry crisis communication strategies. It enables public health actors to recognize and predict industry corporate apologia in response to ongoing product safety and social legitimacy challenges. Industry counterarguments can be examined for truthfulness and sincerity (or the lack thereof), and explained to policymakers considering sugar restriction policies, and to the public, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of illegitimate industry communication efforts to oppose regulation and legislation.
RNA-Based Fluorescent Biosensors for Live Cell Imaging of Small Molecules and RNAs

Genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors provide spatiotemporal information on their target analytes in a label-free manner, which has enabled the study of cell biology and signaling in living cells. Over the past three decades, fueled by the development of a wide palette of fluorescent proteins, protein-based fluorescent biosensors against a broad array of targets have been developed. Recently, with the development of fluorogenic RNA aptamer-dye pairs that function in live cells, RNA-based fluorescent (RBF) biosensors have emerged as a complementary class of biosensors. Here we review the current state-of-the-art for fluorogenic RNA aptamers and RBF biosensors for imaging small molecules and RNAs, and highlight some emerging opportunities.
Depression and Suicide Risk at the Cross-Section of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity for Youth

Abstract Purpose Adolescence is a developmental phase in which young people begin to explore their identity and seek to understand how their identity fits into the larger society. Although this is a developmental task for all adolescents, it is especially salient for sexual and gender minority youth. Owing to oppressive social structures and stigmatized identities, adolescents who identify as nonheterosexual or noncisgender are vulnerable to experiencing disproportionate adverse health outcomes. Methods To further the literature on adolescent mental health among sexual and gender minority youth, this study analyzed a representative statewide sample of high school students (ages 14–18) to analyze how sexual orientation and gender identity are associated with depression and suicidality. Results Results aligned with previous research demonstrating that sexual and gender minority youth were all at a heightened risk for depression. However, transgender youth and youth questioning their sexuality or gender were at especially heightened risk for experiencing depression and suicidality. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate a need to target or adapt direct services and programming for sexual and gender minority adolescents.