cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resident impression management within feedback conversations: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION Medical education is moving to conceptualise feedback as a bidirectional learning conversation. Within this conversation, learners experience a tension between assessment and feedback. That perceived tension affects learners' outward performances. In this study, we aimed to characterise residents' experiences with this tension and its effect on learner authenticity within feedback conversations. METHODS In this constructivist grounded theory study, the authors were informed by Goffman's theory of impression management. During data analysis, Dweck's theory of mindset was adopted. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 internal medicine residents. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively, using constant comparison to identify themes coinciding with impression management and mindset, ultimately developing a theoretical model to help explain residents' responses to tensions within feedback conversations. RESULTS Residents constantly felt 'scrutinized', and this affected their engagement in feedback conversations. They staged a performance within those conversations, linked to their underlying mindset: growth or fixed. Growth mindset was characterised by a focus on development as a physician and was associated with asking questions and seeking opportunities for growth. Fixed mindset was characterised by a focus on achieving a favourable evaluation and was associated with a hesitation to ask questions when faced with uncertainty and admit opportunities for growth, because they were concerned about impression management. Context influenced mindset and impression management. Residents adopted a fixed mindset and managed impressions when they perceived the permanence or consequences of evaluations within feedback. Residents adopted a growth mindset when they trusted the supervisor. DISCUSSION Residents assess the context of feedback conversations, altering the authenticity of their behaviours. Context, including the perceptions of formal assessment and relationships with supervisors, affected residents' mindset and impression management. Providing space for relationship-building and clarifying the purpose and structure of assessment may be helpful in supporting effective learning conversations in graduate medical education.
Quality of Life Implications After Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Cancers

Oropharyngeal cancers and their treatment can exquisitely affect a patient's quality of life and functional outcome. Transoral robotic surgery offers a minimally invasive surgical approach that mitigates injury from traditional open surgical approaches and offers a treatment more likely to have short-term side effects compared with nonsurgical treatment. Feeding tube dependence, oral intake, and swallowing questionnaires, in addition to swallowing evaluations provide a snapshot of a patient's current swallowing function. Investigation of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes allows for understanding of their symptomatology and the comparison of different treatment strategies.
Singularities within a Dual-Evader Single-Pursuer Pursuit-Evasion Optimal Control Problem

An optimal control problem consisting of a single pursuer and a defensive team of two evaders is examined. The pursuer's control strategy is fixed to always follow one of the evaders. The defensive team seeks to maximize a cost inflicted on the pursuer. Termination of engagement occurs when one or both of the evaders is within the capture radius of the pursuer. We derive the optimality conditions for the single capture of each evader and the simultaneous capture of both evaders. A dispersal surface is analytically derived before presenting a terminal singularity present in the case of simultaneous capture. Finally, we present a unique dispersal surface that exists between trajectories terminating in single capture and simultaneous capture.
Development and Testing of New Genetic Markers for the Detection of Invasive Bighead and Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and H. molitrix) DNA in environmental water samples from North America

Abstract Invasive Asian bighead and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and H. molitrix) pose a substantial threat to North American waterways. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA), the use of species-specific genetic assays to detect the DNA of a particular species in a water sample, has gained recognition as a tool for tracking the invasion front of these species toward the Great Lakes. The goal of this study was to develop new species-specific conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative (qPCR) markers for detection of these species in North American waterways. We first generated complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 33 bighead and 29 silver carp individuals collected throughout their introduced range. These sequences were aligned with other common and closely related species to identify potential eDNA markers. We then field-tested these genetic markers for species-specificity and sensitivity in environmental samples. Newly developed markers performed well in field trials, had low false positive rates and had comparable sensitivity compared to current markers. The new markers developed in this study greatly expand the number of species-specific genetic markers available to track the invasion front of bighead and silver carp, and can be used to improve the resolution of these assays. Additionally, the use of the qPCR markers developed in this study may reduce sample processing time and cost of eDNA monitoring for these species.
Demographics of physics education research

American physics education research relies on research subjects that are not representative of the overall population of physics students.
Interpreting executive and lower-order error scores on the timed subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) battery: Error analysis across the adult lifespan

The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) is a battery of tests designed to measure executive functions (EF). Additionally, the D-KEFS contains lower-order tasks, designed to control for ...
Outcomes of COVID-19 in CKD Patients: A Multicenter Electronic Medical Record Cohort Study.

CKD and kidney failure are important comorbidities that are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ([1][1],[2][2]). Patients with CKD/kidney failure also have a disproportionate burden of other comorbidities ( e.g ., coronary artery disease,
Moving toward Engagement: Teaching Collaborative Dance and Science Classes to First Year College Students

This article describes teaching science and dance together as part of a university first-year experience. This was done to address educational challenges including engagement and retention of diver...
Endohelminths from Three Species of Frogs, Nyctixalus pictus, Philautus hosii, and Rhacophorus pardalis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Borneo, Malaysia

Three species of frogs (Rhacophoridae) from Borneo, Malaysia were examined for helminths: Nyctixalus pictus (n = 4), Philautus hosii (n = 6), and Rhacophorus pardalis (n = 12). We found 3 species of Nematoda, Batrachostrongylus longispiculus, Cosmocerca ornata, and Seuratascaris numidica, 1 species of Cestoda, Cylindrotaenia sp., and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis. No helminth species occurred in more than 1 frog species. The most abundant helminth (7) was C. ornata in R. pardalis. The 3 species of frogs are parasitized by helminths that also infect other species of anurans. Five new host records are reported. A table summarizing helminth records in anurans from Borneo is presented.
Identifying Social Determinants of Health Leads to the Diagnoses of Scurvy in the Developed World. Case Report.

Identifying social determinants of health can help diagnose certain nutritional deficiencies. By overcoming these barriers, we can prevent future hospitalizations and better public health. We present a unique case where a 46-year-old man presents with bilateral lower extremity swelling secondary to vitamin C deficiency. Throughout history taking, his social determinants of health were identified and he was diagnosed with scurvy from the suspected poor nutritional intake. His poor nutritional intake could have resulted from a lack of financial stability and a harsh home environment. This case is evidence that social determinants of health can directly impact a patient’s well-being, and as physicians, we need to identify them to provide the most resources we can to help improve patient care. This in turn can decrease unnecessary emergency room visits and hospitalizations.
High hopes for higher education: the remarkable era of new campuses of the 1960s

Today the globalisation of higher education has placed selected universities worldwide in the spotlight as national treasures in high stakes ratings and rankings about academic prestige and pride. ...
Information Relaxation Bounds for Dynamic Decisions on Time-Space Networks

The dynamic management of large-scale service networks has motivated the development of a number of algorithms that re-configure or repair such networks at the operational, tactical and near real-time scales. These algorithms re-allocate resources across the networks as information about demands, service times or disruptions is revealed over time. Performance evaluation frameworks for these algorithms, on the other hand, are nearly always based on offline or omniscient bounds for these systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to construct tighter performance bounds for dynamic resource allocation problems modeled on time-space networks. Specifically our approach expands upon the theory of penalized information-relaxation bounds developed by Brown et al. (2010), which generalizes the work of Rogers (2002), Andersen and Broadie (2004) and Haugh and Kogan (2004); to the setting of large-scale network-based resource allocation, by avoiding the need to compute penalty functions for each possible state of the system. We apply our approach to a large-scale airline disruption management problem and demonstrate that our new bounding approach improves upon existing omniscient bounds and allows for better evaluation of other dynamic resource allocation algorithms.
Renin-angiotensin system inhibition reverses the altered triacylglycerol metabolic network in diabetic kidney disease.

Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Determining the changes in individual lipids and lipid networks across a spectrum of DKD severity may identify lipids that are pathogenic to DKD progression. We performed untargeted lipidomic analysis of kidney cortex tissue from diabetic db/db and db/db eNOS−/− mice along with non-diabetic littermate controls. A subset of mice were treated with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, lisinopril and losartan, which improves the DKD phenotype in the db/db eNOS−/− mouse model. Of the three independent variables in this study, diabetes had the largest impact on overall lipid levels in the kidney cortex, while eNOS expression and RAS inhibition had smaller impacts on kidney lipid levels. Kidney lipid network architecture, particularly of networks involving glycerolipids such as triacylglycerols, was substantially disrupted by worsening kidney disease in the db/db eNOS−/− mice compared to the db/db mice, a feature that was reversed with RAS inhibition. This was associated with decreased expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases, Scd1 and Scd2, with RAS inhibition. In addition to the known salutary effect of RAS inhibition on DKD progression, our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for RAS inhibition on the kidney triacylglycerol lipid metabolic network.
Calling Chapel code: interoperability improvements

Since CHIUW last year, the Chapel team has undertaken an effort to improve the ability to call Chapel code from other languages. This talk will cover a few areas of improvement: using Chapel code as a library from C, Python, and Fortran; and in addition, improvements to array interoperation.
A Fault Model to Detect Design Errors in Combinational Circuits

A new fault model capable of effectively detecting design errors or defects that alter the functionality of an embedded module in a circuit is presented. It is built on the principle of Modified Condition Decision Coverage. An approach to efficiently generate test patterns using the proposed model is also presented. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach at the gates of a combinational circuit.
Seasonal effects of clams (Panopea generosa) on eelgrass (Zostera marina) density but not recovery dynamics at an intertidal site

Today's marine ecosystems experience multiple stressors that complicate management and pose risks to resource protection. Clam aquaculture has several potential environmental effects including disturbance, space occupation, and modification of nutrient availability, which were assessed through a crossed experimental design of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) removal and geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould) addition in 1 m2 plots, in an eelgrass meadow in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Gaps recovered via clonal growth, with gap edges requiring more than 1 year and gap centres almost 2 years. Clams neither increased nor impeded eelgrass recovery, and clams did not reduce winter density of eelgrass. During summer, clams reduced eelgrass density by 30% but increased shoot length by 13% and clonal branching by 9%. Eelgrass growth rates (~1 mgDW shoot-1 d-1) and C:N ratios (~11) did not differ across clam-addition treatments, indicating no enhancement by fertilization. At the end of the 2-year experiment, clams were harvested, and this disturbance reduced eelgrass density by 70% in the geoduck plots. As managers consider expansion of intertidal geoduck aquaculture regionally, these data indicate only a minor effect on eelgrass from the presence of clams themselves, but harvest disturbance is comparable with other studies of fishing in eelgrass. Nets and tubes that serve as predator-exclusion devices during the early stages of the 5-year crop cycle for geoduck clams remain to be examined for their ecological effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic and micellar effects in photoreactions.

Abstract The photolysis of dibenzyl ketone (DBK) in micellar solution results in formation of 1-phenyl-4-methyl acetophenone (PMAP) as a minor product; quantitative integration of the 13 C NMR spectrum of PMAP produced by photolysis of DBK in micellar solution demonstrates that significant selective 13 C enrichment has occurred at three carbon atoms.
Single-crystal elastic constants of γ-cerium

To verify the shear anisotropy of cerium, a determination of the single-crystal elastic constants was undertaken with the ultrasonic pulse-echo-overlap technique at a frequency of 10 MHz. A single crystal was grown by the Czochralski technique. The three independent ultrasonic velocities were measured along this off-symmetry direction, and the elastic constants were derived from the measured velocities by the perturbation method of Neighbours and Smith. A second lapping and etching of the crystal faces brought the normal direction to 3.5/sup 0/ from the (110) direction and the measurements were repeated. They indicate a shear anisotropy of 2 C/sub 44//(C/sub 11/-C/sub 12/) = 2.94 in close accord with the extrapolation of Stassis et al. The bulk modulus, kappa = (C/sub 11/+2C/sub 12/)/3, is indicated by these single crystal data to be 18.18 GPa and is somewhat smaller than values of 21.2-21.5 GPa reported by Rosen and of 19.8 GPa reported by Smith et al., both derived from ultrasonic velocity measurements with polycrystalline specimens.
Phosphorus cycle in seawater: Dissolved and particulate pool inventories and selected phosphorus fluxes

Publisher Summary The chapter presents the principle and stepwise procedures for the accurate estimation of (1) dissolved orthophosphate (HPO42; hereafter referred to as “Pi”), soluble reactive P (SRP), total dissolved P (TDP) and particulate P (PP) as minimal constraints on P pool inventories; (2) dissolved and particulate adenosine-5'-triphosphate concentrations (D-ATP and P-ATP, respectively); (3) Pi uptake/regeneration and dissolved organic P (DOP) production rates using radiolabeled Pi (32P or 33P) precursors; and (4) turnover rate estimation of the α-P and γ-P of intracellular ATP. The latter measurements provide information on microbial growth rate, total energy flux and the biologically available P (BAP) pool. These methods collectively provide a protocol suite that is suitable for an initial study of P dynamics in selected marine habitats.
High voltage breakdown strength of rapid prototype materials

We report measurements on the breakdown strength of plastics used in stereo lithography for rapid prototyping. Three epoxy-based photopolymer resins commonly used for stereo lithography were the focus of this work. Test samples were manufactured with an electrically smooth geometry to minimize field enhancements. The thickness of the stressed region in the samples was nominally 1 or 2 mm. Samples were tested to failure by applying a ramped and held voltage pulse at discrete levels up to a maximum of 240 kV. We confirmed the uniform field distribution of the sample geometry with electrostatic modeling and calculated the electric field stress at failure as a simple voltage/thickness ratio. These results are compared with values obtained for several typical materials often used in high voltage applications (acrylic, nylon, etc.). We find that the failure threshold for the SLA materials can be a factor of 2-3 below that of the standard materials.
Down-Regulation of IL-7Rα Expression in Human T Cells via DNA Methylation

IL-7 is critical for the development and survival of T cells. Recently, we found two subsets of human CD8+ T cells expressing IL-7Rαhigh and IL-7Rαlow with different cell survival responses to IL-7. Although these CD8+ T cell subsets have differential IL-7Rα gene expression, the mechanism for this is unknown. DNA methylation is an important gene regulatory mechanism and is associated with the inactivation of gene expression. Thus, we investigated a role for DNA methylation in differentially regulating IL-7Rα gene expression in human CD8+ T cells and Jurkat T cells. IL-7RαhighCD8+ T cells had decreased methylation in the IL-7Rα gene promoter compared with IL-7RαlowCD8+ T cells and Jurkat T cells with low levels of IL-7Rα. Treating Jurkat T cells with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, which reduced DNA methylation, increased IL-7Rα expression. Plus, the unmethylated IL-7Rα gene promoter construct had higher levels of promoter activity than the methylated one as measured by a luciferase reporter assay. These findings suggest that DNA methylation is involved in regulating IL-7Rα expression in T cells via affecting IL-7Rα gene promoter activity, and that the methylation of this gene promoter could be a potential target for modifying IL-7-mediated T cell development and survival.
On attaching a wire to a triangulated surface

There have been many papers that have focused on the attachment of wires to surfaces. The focus of this paper is on wires connected to arbitrarily shaped surfaces, a body that may be modeled with triangles as described by Rao, Wilton and Glisson (1982). The basis function for the wire-to-surface junction is constructed by building the 1/r variation of the surface current near the junction into the surface current. In the following we summarize junction bases as currently used. In the presentation we consider their numerical implementation, examine alternative formulations, and review validation studies that prove the approach is robust with respect to wire orientation and surface geometry at the junction.
Development of the Self-Esteem Rating Scale for Children (Revised).

The purpose of this study was to develop a teacher's rating scale of self-esteem for children. Evidence for the reliability and validity was reported.
Expert Judgment in Forecasting American Presidential Elections: A Preliminary Evaluation

This paper reports the experience of the Pollyvote team in conducting surveys of prominent specialists in American politics for the purpose of producing expert forecasts of the 2004, 2008, and 2012 presidential elections. Included are a description of the survey methods used, results of the three series of surveys, and comparisons of the experts’ composite forecasts with predictions from other methods that also comprise the Pollyvote combined forecasts.
INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCH

In 2011, I conducted a research study that focused on the experiences of engineering educators who were implementing innovative pedagogies such as problem-based learning (or its variations) in undergraduate engineering education on a consistent and committed basis. The intent of the study was to identify not only the tensions encountered but also the management of tensions that arose when implementing these pedagogies. I specifically sought out this group of educators on the assumption that their belief in the benefits and outcomes of PBL outweighed the challenges that they faced at a classroom and system level when they, in essence, turned away from what may be considered a ‘traditional’ approach to engineering education.A survey was designed to capture data relevant to the research questions around implementation of PBL and tensions encountered. The data collection (1 month) period resulted in 313 valid survey responses who met inclusion criteria. Sixty-five engineering educators were interviewed on their teaching practices and management of tensions encountered when implementing PBL. At the end of the data collection period, I was left a sense of admiration for these educators who, despite having to address predictable and unpredictable tensions because of their pedagogical beliefs, maintained a course that they believed would best serve their students and society. So, between March 1 and July 29, 2011, a follow-up question was sent to all the educators who had been interviewed (n=65; response rate = 100%) and to those who not interviewed but had provided contact information (n=172; response rate = 33%). They were asked the following question: For an engineering educator wanting to implement PBL into their teaching practice, what words of wisdom (lessons learned) would you offer them (3‐5 bullet points)?The benefit of aggregating this sort of information may prove very useful for engineering educators and educational institutions planning the implementation of innovative pedagogies such as PBL.
El quehacer de la Psicología Comunitaria: Coordenadas para una cartografía

La particularidad del quehacer de la Psicologia Comunitaria en su relacion con la esfera gubernamental es diversa y confusa, en el se expresan tensiones y contradicciones que resultan dificiles de conciliar en un marco disciplinar rigido. Este texto propone una tentativa para cartografiar estas acciones sobre la figura de un campo expandido de la disciplina, que resulta de la superposicion de tres ejes basicos que consideran los reportes internacionales de la accion disciplinar, los principios teoricos y el contexto institucional en que se desarrolla: individuo/comunidad, mejoramiento/transformacion y dependencia/ autonomia. Se toman los resultados de seis investigaciones realizadas en Chile para ejercitar esta cartografia, se discuten sus alcances y se comenta la proyeccion que se deprende de sus resultados.
Multiple platelet surface receptors mediate platelet adhesion to surfaces coated with plasma proteins.

Abstract The interactions between platelets and plasma proteins previously shown to adhere to biomaterials were evaluated, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against specific platelet surface glycoprotein (GP) receptors. Purified 51 Cr-labeled human platelets in plasma-free medium were incubated with each of the following antibodies: mAb 10E5 [anti-GP IIb/IIIa; fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and fibronectin receptor]; mAb 6D1 (anti-GP Ib-IX; vWF receptor); mAb IV.3 (anti-FcγRII; IgG receptor); polyclonal antiserum A108 or mAb BIIG4 (anti-GP Ic-IIa; fibronectin receptor). Antibody-treated platelets were added to microtiter wells coated with fibronectin, fibrinogen, vWF, IgG, vitronectin, albumin, or platelet-poor plasma (PPP). 51Cr-labeled platelet adhesion to matrix proteins was expressed as a percentage of that measured on PPP-coated surface. Platelets adhered to fibrinogen, fibronectin, vWF, or IgG immobilized on polystyrene. Limited binding to either vitronectin or albumin was detected. Binding to fibrinogen and IgG was blocked by mAb 10E5. Binding to IgG was also blocked by mAb IV.3. Binding to fibronectin, reduced in the presence of mAb 10E5, mAb BIIG4, or the polyclonal antiserum A108 alone, was further reduced by combined 10E5 and BIIG4 or 10E5 and A108. Neither mAb 10E5 nor 6D1 alone blocked adhesion to vWF; however, the combination of 10E5 and 6D1 significantly reduced platelet adhesion to this matrix. Finally, platelet adhesion to the plasma-coated surface was reduced by mAbs 10E5 and BIIG4. These results indicate that multiple adhesion receptors can mediate platelet adhesion to matrix proteins immobilized on surfaces.
AUBRY-MATHER THEORY AND PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF THE FORCED BURGERS EQUATION

Consider a Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian of the form H(x;t;p) where H is convex in p and periodic in x ,a ndt and x2 R 1 . It is well-known that its smooth invariant curves correspond to smoothZ 2 -periodic solutions of the PDE ut +H(x;t;u)x =0 : In this paper, we establish a connection between the Aubry-Mather theory of invariant sets of the Hamiltonian system andZ 2 -periodic weak solutions of this PDE by realizing the Aubry-Mather sets as closed subsets of the graphs of these weak solutions. We show that the complement of the Aubry-Mather set on the graph can be viewed as a subset of the generalized unstable manifold of the Aubry-Mather set, defined in (2.24). The graph itself is a backward-invariant set of the Hamiltonian system. The basic idea is to embed the globally minimizing orbits used in the Aubry-Mather theory into the characteristic fields of the above PDE. This is done by making use of one- and two-sided minimizers, a notion introduced in [12] and inspired by the work of Morse on geodesics of type A [26]. The asymptotic slope of the minimizers, also known as the rotation number, is given by the derivative of the homogenized Hamiltonian, defined in [21]. As an application, we prove that theZ 2 -periodic weak solution of the above PDE with given irrational asymptotic slope is unique. A similar connection also exists in multidimensional problems with the convex Hamiltonian, except that in higher dimensions, two-sided minimizers with a specified asymptotic slope may not exist. c 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Courts and I–Ruminations, Retorts and Remnants

(1974). The Courts and I–Ruminations, Retorts and Remnants. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 315-320.
Nearly symmetric field effect in Ultrathin metal films

Ultrathin films of Bi and Pb have been grown incrementally under ultra-high vacuum conditions on SrTiO3 substrates held below 10K. The substrates were provided with metal gates on their rear surfaces. For films with sheet resistance in excess of the quantum resistance for pairs, the conductance was found to increase with gate voltage of either sign. This response, which was temporally stable, was largest in the most resistive films where the conductance changed by the order of 50 percent with a gate bias of 20V. The effect decreased in magnitude with decreasing sheet resistance and increasing temperature. It vanished above a characteristic temperature, and was not present in superconducting films with sheet resistances (measured at 14K) less than the quantum resistance for pairs.
The Effect of Flow Rate of Compressed Hot Water on Xylan, Lignin, and Total Mass Removal from Corn Stover

Flowing hot water through cellulosic biomass offers many promising features for advanced pretreatment, and a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for flowthrough behavior could allow us to capitalize on its key attributes while overcoming its limitations. In this study, extensive data were developed to show the effect of flow on the fate of hemicellulose, lignin, and total mass for hot-water pretreatment of corn stover in a small tubular flowthrough reactor at 180, 200, and 220 °C. Solubilization of hemicellulose increased with flow, especially at high temperatures; a result that is inconsistent with traditional first-order kinetic models. The dissolved xylan in the hydrolyzate was mostly oligomers over this temperature range, and the fraction as oligomers increased with flow rate. Also of importance, lignin removal increased from less than about 30% for batch reactors to about 75% at high flow rates and was nearly linearly related to hemicellulose release for the flowthrough reactor. These observations suggest that mass transfer or other physical factors, and not strictly first-order homogeneous chemical kinetics, impact hemicellulose hydrolysis. In addition, lignin appears to be released throughout hydrolysis, but its fate may be governed by subsequent precipitation reactions unless it is removed first.
Nerve regeneration chamber: evaluation of exogenous agents applied by multiple injections

Abstract In this laboratory, a silicone chamber model for peripheral nerve regeneration in adult rats has been developed and used to define basic principles of the regenerative events, such as the sequential stages being followed during ‘spontaneous’ regeneration in vivo and the role of neuronotrophic and neurite-promoting factors as well as extracellular matrix molecules. Each of the defined stages seems amenable to experimental modulation. Previous attempts to enhance regeneration included increasing the volume of the nerve chambers along with the modification of fibrin matrix formation by prefilling with saline (PBS) or matrix precursors. We present here the results of a series of experiments on the effects of exogenous biochemical agents applied by multiple injections into these in vivo chambers. Out of a variety of agents screened, a mixture of laminin (L), testosterone (T), ganglioside GM 1 (G), and catalase (C) was shown to advance substantially the progress of regeneration in 16 day chambers, as compared to PBS-prefilled and PBS-injected controls. LTGC-treatment at day 0, 6, and 10 postimplantation caused an increasingly frequent occurrence of cellular elements in cross-sections obtained from the middle (S 5 ) of the chambers (i.e. 5 mm from the proximal stump), which was 2-fold for vessels, 3-fold for Schwann cells, and 10-fold for axons. When only sections containing axons 3 mm from the proximal stump (S 3 ) were compared in experimental and control groups, computerized area measurements also revealed an average 2-fold difference for the cross-sectional size of the whole regenerate, the endoneurium and the space occupied by blood vessels.
Marine archaeological exploration of the Black Sea

Through funding from NOAA's Ocean Exploration Initiative and elsewhere, the Institute for Exploration (IFE) has conducted multiple expeditions to the Black Sea for marine archaeological research. Oceanographically, the Black Sea is a unique body of water, and archaeologically, the region has a rich ancient maritime history. Using a suite of deep sea vehicle systems, including a deep-towed side-scan sonar/subbottom profiler, an optical imaging towsled, and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), we have discovered, surveyed, imaged and sampled a number of interesting sites. These include a highly-preserved wooden ship that dated to the Byzantine period about 1500 years ago, an amphora-laden trading vessel that dated to the Hellenistic period about 2400 years ago, and a possible site of human habitation along a presently-submerged paleoshoreline that was rapidly inundated more than 7000 years ago, during the Neolithic period. During the summer of 2003, IFE will return to the Black Sea to excavate several of these sites using a new ROV, Hercules. This vehicle system is equipped with state-of-the-art imaging equipment, including high-definition video and high-resolution multibeam sonar, precise manipulation and navigation, and an array of other oceanographic sensors and sampling equipment. The entire expedition will be broadcast across Internet 2 using an advanced satellite telecommunication system to deliver scientific and educational content to universities, schools, and other public and private institutions.
The effect of nitrogen on void formation in Czochralski silicon crystals

Abstract A model of void formation in Si crystals, from a supersaturated vacancy solution in the presence of nitrogen and oxygen, is developed. At the void formation stage, nitrogen is represented mostly by dimeric species, but the major vacancy traps are nitrogen single interstitials. The trapping is remarkably strong, and yet the voids are easily produced—at a lower temperature and in increased density. These results are in a quantitative agreement with the reported data. A role of the oxygen impurity is to reduce the void surface energy, and also to enhance the pairing/dissociation rate of nitrogen.
An evaluation of hog carcass merit pricing systems

Live hog prices must reflect end-use pork value to efficiently convey market information from consumers to producers. Precise end-use value is excessively costly to trace for each carcass given current technology. As such, pricing structures must be based upon carcass merit information that is correlated with end-use value. In this study, a model to value hog carcasses based upon carcass characteristics is estimated. The model is used to evaluate the pricing structures of five hog slaughterers. The results indicate that although some packers pricing schedules are highly consistent with estimated end-use values others are less consistent. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictors of outcome in thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.

Abstract Background . Factors determining predictability of response to thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) vary in the literature. Methods . A 25-year retrospective review (1974 to 1999) of all thymectomies performed at a single institution was undertaken. Results . In 113 consecutive thymectomies for MG, women comprised 79% (89 of 113 patients), and mean age was 40 ± 15 years. Complications occurred in 14% of patients (16 of 113). In-hospital mortality was 0, but 90-day hospital mortality was 0.88% (1 of 113 patients). Follow-up was obtained in 81% (92 of 113 patients) at a mean of 51 ± 59 months postoperatively. Complete remission was achieved in 21% of patients (19 of 92), and marked improvement of MG in 54% (50 of 92), for a total benefit rate of 75%. Fourteen percent (13 of 92) were unchanged, and 11% (10 of 92) were worse. Using univariate analysis, sex, age, and pathology correlated significantly with outcome ( p Conclusions . Sex, age, and thymic pathology are potential predictors of outcome in thymectomy for MG, and may shape treatment decisions and target higher-risk patients.
Observing Single Enzyme Molecules Interconvert between Activity States upon Heating

In this paper, we demonstrate that single enzyme molecules of β-galactosidase interconvert between different activity states upon exposure to short pulses of heat. We show that these changes in activity are the result of different enzyme conformations. Hundreds of single β-galactosidase molecules are trapped in femtoliter reaction chambers and the individual enzymes are subjected to short heating pulses. When heating pulses are introduced into the system, the enzyme molecules switch between different activity states. Furthermore, we observe that the changes in activity are random and do not correlate with the enzyme's original activity. This study demonstrates that different stable conformations play an important role in the static heterogeneity reported previously, resulting in distinct long-lived activity states of enzyme molecules in a population.
Long-term results of selective renal shielding in patients undergoing total body irradiation in preparation for bone marrow transplantation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial renal shielding used in conjunction with total body irradiation (TBI) on the incidence of bone marrow transplantation nephropathy (BMT Np) seen as a late sequelae after transplantation. Of 402 patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) 157 were greater than 18 years of age, received 14 Gy TBI and survived at least 100 days post-transplant. The incidence of BMT nephropathy was evaluated in these patients by dose to the kidneys. In the 72 patients who received 14 Gy TBI with no renal shielding, the actuarial risk of developing BMT Np at 2 1/2 years (30 months) post-BMT was 29 +/- 7%. Sixty-eight patients received 14 Gy TBI with partial renal shielding of 15% (renal dose = 11.9 Gy), the actuarial risk of developing BMT Np was 14 +/- 5% at 2 1/2 years. Seventeen patients received 14 Gy TBI with renal shielding of 30% (renal dose = 9.8 Gy); none of this group have developed BMT Np despite a median follow-up of over 2 1/2 years (985 days). The trend of decreasing BMT Np with increasing shielding is statistically significant (P = 0.012). Prognostic factors such as age, type of transplant and good-risk vs poor-risk disease status were evaluated and were similar in each cohort of patients described above. We conclude that given the statistically significant benefit seen here in the reduced incidence of BMT Np by the use of selective renal shielding, this should be seriously considered for all patients who receive TBI, but especially for patients whose renal doses exceed 10 Gy.
DEVELOPMENT-STAGE SPECIFIC BINDING OF CARDIAC NUCLEAR FACTOR(S) TO A NEGATIVE CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENT IN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN GENE PROMOTER. • 342

DEVELOPMENT-STAGE SPECIFIC BINDING OF CARDIAC NUCLEAR FACTOR(S) TO A NEGATIVE CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENT IN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN GENE PROMOTER. • 342
International capital mobility and commercial policy in an economic region

Abstract If two small countries are linked by capital movements then, at low tariff levels, any increase in capital flows induced by the commercial policy of either country will harm that country and benefit the other country, while at low levels of international investment a tariff increase always harms the country levying the tariff. Nevertheless, an increase in one country's tariff could benefit both countries by alleviating regional distortions in factor allocation. If the countries liberalize factor movements within a customs union, then conflicts must arise in choosing the level of the common external tariff.
Electromagnetic Radiation from a Nuclear Explosion in Space

The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from a nuclear explosion in space Compton-scatter electrons near the surface of the device or in a surrounding material shield. The scattered electrons leave the surface and are accelerated back toward it by the positively charged matter. Provided they are asymmetrically distributed, the accelerating electrons radiate an electromagnetic signal. The electron motions are analyzed, the electromagnetic signal is estimated, and its detectability is discussed. For a typical nuclear explosion, the electromagnetic signal is independent of the yield and contains frequencies up to 10 to 100 Mc/sec and thus will penetrate the ionosphere. Taking into account dispersion by the ambient interplanetary plasma (\ensuremath{\approx}${10}^{2}$ electrons/cc), the peak electric field strength at a distance $R$ kilometers from the explosion is $\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{4}{R}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ v/m. The pulse length is $\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}R$ sec. If only background cosmic noise limits detectability of the signal, the maximum detectable range is about ${10}^{6}$ km.
Franklin reexamined: A rejection of parliamentary manipulation

As the rhetorical product of the first American expert witness invited to appear before the British House of Commons, Benjamin Franklin's 1766 testimony has been characterized by many writers as a contrived, “rigged,” theatrical production. This study challenges these misconceptions by dissecting internal elements of the published EXAMINA TION and suggests alternative interpretations.
Clinical proteomics: translating benchside promise into bedside reality

The ultimate goal of proteomics is to characterize the information flow through protein networks. This information can be a cause, or a consequence, of disease processes. Clinical proteomics is an exciting new subdiscipline of proteomics that involves the application of proteomic technologies at the bedside, and cancer, in particular, is a model disease for studying such applications. Here, we describe proteomic technologies that are being developed to detect cancer earlier, to discover the next generation of targets and imaging biomarkers, and finally to tailor the therapy to the patient.
Mesh quilting for geometric texture synthesis

We introduce mesh quilting, a geometric texture synthesis algorithm in which a 3D texture sample given in the form of a triangle mesh is seamlessly applied inside a thin shell around an arbitrary surface through local stitching and deformation. We show that such geometric textures allow interactive and versatile editing and animation, producing compelling visual effects that are difficult to achieve with traditional texturing methods. Unlike pixel-based image quilting, mesh quilting is based on stitching together 3D geometry elements. Our quilting algorithm finds corresponding geometry elements in adjacent texture patches, aligns elements through local deformation, and merges elements to seamlessly connect texture patches. For mesh quilting on curved surfaces, a critical issue is to reduce distortion of geometry elements inside the 3D space of the thin shell. To address this problem we introduce a low-distortion parameterization of the shell space so that geometry elements can be synthesized even on very curved objects without the visual distortion present in previous approaches. We demonstrate how mesh quilting can be used to generate convincing decorations for a wide range of geometric textures.
Phosphorylation Effects on cis/trans Isomerization and the Backbone Conformation of Serine--Proline Motifs: Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Analysis

The presence of serine/threonine−proline motifs in proteins provides a conformational switching mechanism of the backbone through the cis/trans isomerization of the peptidyl−prolyl (ω) bond. The reversible phosphorylation of the serine/threonine modulates this switching in regulatory proteins to alter signaling and transcription. However, the mechanism is not well understood. This is partly because cis/trans isomerization is a very slow process and, hence, difficult to study. We have used our accelerated molecular dynamics method to study the cis/trans proline isomerization, preferred backbone conformation of a serine−proline motif, and the effects of phosphorylation of the serine residue. We demonstrate that, unlike normal molecular dynamics, the accelerated molecular dynamics allows for the system to escape very easily from the trans isomer to cis isomer, and vice versa. Moreover, for both the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides, the statistical thermodynamic properties are recaptured, and the ...
Cutaneous Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Foot: A Rare Case Report

Lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of cancers originating in cells of the immune system at different stages of differentiation. Primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the foot is a rare occurrence. We present a case involving a primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma of the foot, and highlight the clinical recognition and treatment of this condition. Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Preparative counter-current chromatography with a rotating coil assembly

Abstract We have designed a simple bench top model of a counter-current chromatograph which performs efficient preparative separations without the use of solid supports. The stationary phase is retained by gravity in a large diameter coil which rotates to promote efficient mixing of the two phases. Continous elution of the mobile phase is accomplished without the use of rotating seals. We demonstrated the efficiency of the system by separating gram quantities of dinitrophenyl amino acids. The design and construction of the apparatus should permit easy increases in scale for industrial applications.
Study of relation between crystal structure and laser damage of calcium flouride

The artificially grown calcium fluoride is one of key materials for microlithography and used for excimer laser optics etc. Such calcium fluoride is required high laser durability and laser induced bulk damage threshold (LIDT). However, the artificially grown calcium fluoride is not a complete crystal, and there are a lot of sub-grain boundaries inside the crystal that have the possibility of causing degradation of laser durability and LIDT. Moreover, mechanical properties of calcium fluoride are different according to the crystal axis, therefore there is a possibility that mechanical properties influences LIDT. In this study, we examined the relation between crystal structure and LIDT. First, we examined the relation between the crystal axis and LITD of single crystal calcium fruoride. The relation between the crystallographic axis and LIDT that the laser enters was examined. The ArF excimer laser and the fifth high harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser at 213nm were used for the irradiation source of light. We prepared samples that optical axes were , and from the same crystal. From the result of this examination, when the laser irradiated in axis, LIDT was the highest. Next, we observed the damage with polarizing microscope and optical microscope. The result of this observation suggested that the laser damage of calcium fluoride was related to the crystal orientation. Finally, we investigated the damage mechanism of calcium fluoride. It is thought that the laser irradiation induced stress is relaxed most easily when the optical axis is . Therefore, LIDT of calcium fluoride is supposed to be highest when the optical axis is .
Spectrophotometric and kinetic studies of the radiolytic reduction of several pyridylporphyrins and their metal complexes

Abstract Several pyridylporphyrins (P) and their Zn, Mn, Fe and Co complexes have been studied by steady-state and pulse radiolysis in methanolic solutions and the results compared with those obtained with phenylporphyrins. Irradiation of alkaline solutions was found to cause several sequential 1-electron reductions. The free base and Zn porphyrins are reduced to their anion radicals which subsequently disproportionate to yield the phlorin anions. Mn III P and Fe III P are initially reduced to the Mn II P and Fe II P and finally to the phlorin anions. Co III P is reduced successively to Co II P, Co I P and finally to the Co I -phlorin anion. All the reduced forms are quantitatively reoxidized with oxygen to the starting materials; the Co I P and Co I -phlorin are also reoxidized by N 2 O to Co II P. The absorption spectra of all the species involved and the kinetics of several reduction and disproportionation reactions are reported. Phenylporphyrins are found to produce both phlorin anions and chlorins, of which only the former is reoxidized by O 2 . The mechanisms of these processes and the effects of alkalinity and of water are discussed. It is concluded that the presence of even one pyridyl group on the porphyrins exerts a strong effect on the reduction pathway and the yields of phlorin vs chlorin.