cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-E-T-690: Radiosurgery of Peripheral Brain Lesions by Spot Scanning Proton Therapy

Purpose: To determine how small the lateral width in air of proton spots must be in order for proton spot scanning (SS) plan quality to be superior to x‐ray radiosurgery for peripheral brain lesions. Methods: Single‐beam proton SS plans with sigma (lateral spot intensity standard deviation) values ranging from 1 to 14 mm, x‐ray volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) utilizing a 0.5 cm leaf thickness, and cone‐based x‐ray radiosurgery plans were generated for eleven patients with clinical target volumes ranging from 0.5 cm3 to 25 cm3. Plans were evaluated using brain necrosis normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), high dose conformity index, and integral dose metrics. Results: For proton SS plans, as sigma increased from 1 to 14 mm, integral dose relative to the cone plan increased from an average of 0.10 (range 0.05 to 0.17) to 0.63 (range 0.26 to 0.85) compared an average of 1.49 (range 0.90 to 3.00) for VMAT. As SS sigma increased from 1 mm to 14 mm, NTCP for healthy brain necrosis increased from an average of 0.02 (range 0.01 to 0.07) to 0.08 (range 0.01 to 0.18) compared to the averages of 0.06 (range 0.01 to 0.15) for cone and 0.05 (range 0.01 to 0.11) for VMAT plans. An in‐air sigma of less than 6 mm was required for the SS plans to have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) NTCP reduction relative to the x‐ray techniques. Conclusion: When treating peripheral brain lesions, which are ideal cases for SS since only a single proton beam direction is needed, SS only provides a superior NTCP to x‐ray radiosurgery techniques if the proton therapy system can produce an in‐air sigma of 6 mm or less.
Caring for the vulnerable elderly: are available quality indicators appropriate?

In October 2007, an update of the quality measures for “The Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders-3 (ACOVE-3)” was published. Clearly patients receiving long-term care represent a vulnerable group and so it is reasonable to inquire whether these indicators are appropriate for our populations. It should be noted that of the 392 quality indicators, 36% were excluded from patients with advanced dementia (one that interferes with basic activities of daily living) and 34% were excluded from patients with a poor prognosis (expected to live less than 6 months). While many of these recommendations are the bread and butter of basic care for older persons, others appear to be based on care for relatively healthy younger persons and lack evidence for their use in vulnerable elders. As there is a high likelihood that these quality indicators will be used to measure physician performance by government and managed care organizations, it is essential that they are carefully scrutinized. The exclusion of quality indicators in advanced dementia and the last 6 months of life is important. A similar approach was taken with the Glidepaths, but in that case the population of older persons was divided into healthy, frail (approximately 5-year survival), end of life (2-year survival), and dementia. The realization that many treatments are inappropriate as one nears the end of life represents an important component of any guidelines. In some cases ACOVE-3 has failed to modify guidelines for the vulnerable elderly or even followed the evidence that exists for healthy elderly. Not surprisingly, given that ACOVE-3 was sponsored by a pharmaceutical company, aggressive treatment of hypertension is recommended. The blood pressure goals stated are 130 mm Hg systolic for diabetes and chronic renal failure and 140 mm Hg for all others. This is despite, as recently documented in the Journal, that all trials in older persons have only instituted treatment when the blood pressure is above 160 mm Hg. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) trial in middle-aged persons lowered blood pressure
Crystallization, X-ray characterization and selenomethionine phasing of Mlc1p bound to IQ motifs from myosin V

Mlc1p is a calmodulin-like protein from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it has been identified as a subunit of a class V myosin, Myo2p, and a binding partner of an IQGAP-like protein, Iqg1p. Through its interactions with these two proteins, Mlc1p plays a role in polarized growth and cytokinesis. Mlc1p has been crystallized in complexes with four different IQ target motifs from the neck region of Myo2p: IQ2, IQ3, IQ4 and IQ2-IQ3 (referred to as IQ2,3). Electron-density maps for two of the complexes (Mlc1p-IQ4 and Mlc1p-IQ2,3) were obtained from multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) experiments based on selenomethionine derivatives. The other two structures (Mlc1p-IQ2 and Mlc1p-IQ3) were determined by molecular replacement using the partially refined structure of Mlc1p-IQ2,3 as a search model.
Two techniques applicable for the study of phagotrophy in ciliates.

SYNOPSIS. A procedure is described which allows quantitative evaluation of the rate of dye uptake by phagotrophic activity of Tetrahymena. A fixation solution which retains integrity of vacuolar membranes for at least 7 hr, and of the pellicular membrane for about 3 hr, is also described.
Flow-Induced Molecular Orientation of a Langmuir Film

The two-dimensional fluid dynamics of the different phases of a fatty acid monolayer (docosanoic acid) were examined. Brewster angle microscopy was used to investigate the polydomain structure of two“liquid condensed”phases (the L2 and L92 phases) and the“solid”(S) phase in situ during an extensional flow. Only the L2 phase deformed affinely with a liquid-like response. The two other phases experienced flow-induced reorientation of the lattice onto which the molecules were arranged. The reorientation process was accompanied by the appearance of shear bands in the monolayers at an angle of ±45 degrees to the extension axis of the flow.
Multicomponent dye detection with californium-252 particle-desorption mass spectrometry

Particle-desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) by using 252Cf was applied to multicomponent dye samples. A mixture of cesium iodide with three cationic dyes (rhodamine B, methyl violet and methylene blue), and a crude carotenoid sample extracted from a carrot were examined. In the positive-ion detection mode, the individual components of the dye mixture were identified by the detection of intactly desorbed preformed cations. In the carotenoid extract, two neutral components, carotene and lutein (xanthophyll), provided adduct ions, (M+H)+ In both examples, further fragmentation occurred, providing peaks useful for structural interpretation. These examples illustrate the ability of PDMS to acquire qualitative information from mixtures without a prior separation step.
Continuous lipid extraction of microalgae using high-pressure carbon dioxide

Sequestering carbon, purifying water, and creating biofuel materials using microalgae are of global interest in the RD however, most of these processes use batch operations mixed with a large amount of co-solvent and require improvement. We fabricated a continuous high-pressure CO2 extraction system, evaluating the optimal parameters for the extraction process. The various parameter tests included temperature, pressure, pretreatment methods, ratio, and the species of co-solvent. We integrated the optimal parameters from previous tests, using a 5-d continuous operation. Compared with traditional solvent extraction, a 90.56% extraction yield ratio was achieved using this continuous extraction method. This shows the stable, high extraction yields of this continuous high-pressure CO2 extraction system.
Evidence from coupled 147 Sm– 143 Nd and 146 Sm– 142 Nd systematics for very early (4.5-Gyr) differentiation of the Earth's mantle

THE volume of early Archaean crust that still survives today is very small (less than 1% of the present continental volume). This has been interpreted as indicating that crustal growth did not begin until about 4.0 Gyr ago, before which the silicate Earth remained well mixed and essentially undifferentiated. But the existence in some early Archaean rocks1–6 of inferred initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios higher than that of the bulk Earth suggests that by 3.8 Gyr ago the volume of the crust was as large as about 40% of the present value3,7,8. Given the apparently low rate of recycling in the Hadean era (that is, before 4 Gyr ago)7,8, consideration of 147Sm–143Nd systematics then suggests that primordial differentiation of the Earth may have begun ~4.5 Gyr ago. Here we present evidence for early differentiation, based on measurements of 143Nd/144Nd and 142Nd/144Nd ratios in a ~3.8-Gyr-old supracrustal rock from Isua, West Greenland. Coupled 146,147Sm–142,143Nd systematics suggest that fractionation of Sm/Nd took place 4.44–4.54 Gyr ago, owing to extraction of a light-rare-earth-element-enriched primordial crust.
Spin-wave theory for anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets

The anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet (AF), which is defined as a three-dimensional simple-cubic lattice with in-plane antiferromagnetic interaction {ital J}{sub } and interplane coupling {ital J}{sub {perpendicular}}={gamma}{ital J}{sub } and is believed to describe the magnetic properties of the cupric oxide materials, is studied using low-temperature spin-wave theory. The dependence of the {ital T}=0 staggered magnetization, ground-state energy, transverse susceptibility, spin-wave velocity, and the Neel temperature {ital T}{sub {ital N}} on the anisotropy parameter {gamma} (0{le}{gamma}{le}1) are obtained. These results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with existing experiments on cupric oxide materials. The apparent difference between the muon-spin resonance and neutron-scattering results for the ordered moment in the AF state is well explained.
Padé approximation of Stieltjes series

Abstract Using Nuttall's compact formula for the [ n , n − 1] Pad'e approximant, the authors show that there is a natural connection between the Pade approximants of a series of Stieltjes and orthogonal polynomials. In particular, we obtain the precise error formulas. The [ n , n − 1] Pade approximant in this case is just a Gaussian quadrature of the Stieltjes integral. Hence, analysis of the error is now possible and under very mild conditions it is shown that the [ n , n + j ], j ⩾ − 1, Pade approximants converge to the Stieltjes integral.
Is the preferential use of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for femoropopliteal bypass justified

Abstract The objective of this review is to analyze the long-term results of femoropopliteal bypass done preferentially with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in patients who presumably had saphenous vein available. The results are analyzed according to preoperative variables in an attempt to determine those instances in which PTFE grafts may be preferred for the first reconstruction and to identify those patients who benefited from vein preservation. From 1979 to 1985, 146 femoropopliteal bypass operations were performed in 120 patients with 6 mm PTFE grafts used preferentially. The results with follow-up at 5 years are analyzed by actuarial methods. The patency rate at hospital discharge was 100%. The overall primary patency rate at 5 years was 57%. Reconstructions above the knee (101) and below the knee (45) had significantly different 5-year patency rates (63% vs 44%, p
Discrimination between Tone Quality and Intonation in Unaccompanied Flute/Oboe Duets

The purpose of the study was to investigate discrimination in tone quality and intonation. Four-hundred-eighty (480) music and nonmusic graduate and undergraduate subjects checked good and bad qual...
875 ZINC THERAPY IN MANNOSIDOSIS

Our previous observation that ZnSO4, added in vitro, both stimulated and stabilized residual leukocyte acidic α-mannosidase activity in two patients (Arch. Neurol. 34, 45, 1977) prompted a therapeutic trial of the metal. Oral ZnSO4 in doses ranging from 13-45 mg/kg over a 12-week period raised serum Zn levels to a maximum of twice normal. Average leukocyte acid α-mannosidase activity during the treatment period ranged from 2-5% of control values, showing no significant difference from baseline levels. No treatment related change occurred in the 11 band thin layer chromatographic profile of mannose containing neutral oligosaccharides excreted in a 24-hour urine. Because Zn is known to have a high affinity for tissue uptake, 1 ml containing 10 mg ZnSO4 was injected into the gingiva of patient 1, which had become hyperplastic with PAS-positive storage material. A control site was injected with an equal volume of saline. Biopsies before and one month after the injections showed no change in the ultrastructural characteristics of membrane bound cytoplasmic vacuoles. The Zn injected tissue had a moderately increased amount of collagenous stroma, which was not seen in either the saline or pre-injection controls. This may reflect a positive effect on wound healing. Otherwise, ZnSO4 does not appear to have specific therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating storage material in mannosidosis under the above conditions.
Surgical Management of Popliteal Aneurysms

Ninety-eight popliteal aneurysms are reported that occurred in 82 patients who were treated surgically during a 16-year period from 1948 to 1963. The presence of acute or chronic arterial occlusive symptoms prior to operation significantly influenced the results of surgical management. Arterial reconstruction salvaged more than one half of the limbs presenting with limb-threatening ischemia, but early and late results recommend excision and grafting of all asymptomatic popliteal aneurysms before such complications develop. In our opinion saphenous vein autografts are preferable to prosthetic replacement in the surgical management of popliteal aneurysms.
A spin-label study of the role of phospholipids in the regulation of membrane-bound microsomal enzymes.

Abstract The activities of two hepatic microsomal enzymes, glucose 6-phosphatase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase, were determined at assay temperatures in the range between 5 °C and 40 °C. Arrhenius plots of the activities of both enzymes display abrupt changes at about 19 °C. An additional discontinuity at 32 °C is observed in the case of UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Only the latter discontinuity is detected in microsomes subjected to partial treatment with phospholipase A. Lipophilic nitroxide radicals were introduced into samples of the same microsomal preparations and the corresponding electron spin resonance spectra were recorded over the same temperature range. Temperature dependence of an empirical spectral parameter, related to the fluidity of the matrix solubilizing the moleoular probes, reveals apparent breaks at 19 °C and 32 °C in intact microsomes. Only the break at 19 °C was observed in microsomes subjected to sonic disruption. No breaks were detected in plots of data measured in microsomes partially treated with phospholipase A. The correlation between the enzymatic data and the data obtained from lipophilic spin-probes is indicative of the dependence of tightly bound membrane enzymes on the physical state of membrane lipids. The relevance of the data to further studies of the protein-lipid interactions is discussed.
Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells after treatment with UV and x-irradiation.

The isolation of ten conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive mutants of the Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-Kl, pro−) by the BUdR-visible light selection procedure is described. Treatment with radiation at doses known to cause single gene mutation in mammalian cells increases the mutation frequency by a factor of at least 14. These mutants will grow with normal plating efficiency at 34.5° but will not grow at 39.5°. Complementation analysis by two independent methods indicates that all mutants are recessive and allows the assignment of the mutants to six genetically independent complementation groups. Reversion analysis indicates that the TS-mutants are stable, spontaneous revertants arising at a frequency of <10−6. Preliminary chromosome analysis revealed no systematic chromosomal abnormality in the mutants. Mitotic accumulation is used to study the generation time of the parental cells and representative mutants at 34.5° and 39.5°. The uses of these mutants for genetic analysis of mammalian cells in culture is discussed.
MILL PRICING AND SPATIAL PRICE DISCRIMINATION MONOPOLY PERFORMANCE AND LOCATION WITH SPATIAL RETAIL MARKETS

. Most of the monopoly spatial price discrimination literature explicitly assumes uniform population density over space. It also implicitly assumes that firms (plants) are spatially isolated from each other with production and retail points that coincide in location. While departures from these assumptions have been explored separately in the literature, it remains to examine performance and location when these assumptions are relaxed simultaneously. What emerges in this paper is a model where density functions approximate a pair of cities isolated from other cities. Each city has its own retail market, while the location of a single production or wholesale point is determined by characteristics of the two markets. Comparisons of mill pricing and spatial price discrimination found in the spatial monopoly literature can be interpreted as special cases of the more general framework provided here.
Abundance Anomalies in the X-Ray Spectra of Planetary Nebulae NGC 7027 and BD +30°3639

We revisit Chandra observations of planetary nebulae NGC 7027 and BD +30°3639 in order to address the question of abundance anomalies in the X-ray-emitting gas. Enhanced abundances relative to solar of magnesium (Mg) for NGC 7027 and neon (Ne) for BD +30°3639 are required to fit their X-ray spectra, whereas observations at optical and infrared wavelengths show depleted Mg and Ne in these systems. We attribute the enhancement of Mg in NGC 7027 in the X-ray, relative to the optical, to the depletion of Mg onto dust grains within the optical nebula. For BD +30°3639, we speculate that the highly enhanced Ne comes from a white dwarf companion, which accreted a fraction of the wind blown by the asymptotic giant branch progenitor and went through a novalike outburst that enriched the X-ray-emitting gas with Ne.
The cricothyroid muscle does not influence vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis

The status of the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve, is believed to influence the vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis. It is believed that isolated lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve generally result in the paralyzed vocal fold assuming a paramedian position but that with lesions of both the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, a more lateral (intermediate or cadaveric) vocal fold position can be expected. Twenty-six consecutive patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis underwent transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL) and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). By TFL, the vocal fold positions were paramedian in 8 patients, intermediate in 7, and lateral in 11. By LEMG, 13 patients had isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions and 13 patients had combined (superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve) lesions. There was no correlation between the vocal fold position and the status of the cricothyroid muscle, i.e., the status of the cricothyroid muscle by LEMG did not predict the vocal fold position nor did the vocal fold position by TFL predict the site of lesion. In addition, we investigated the possibility that the degree of thyroarytenoid muscle recruitment (tone) might correlate with vocal fold position, but no relation was found. We conclude that 1. the cricothyroid muscle does not predictably influence the position of the vocal fold in unilateral paralysis; 2. thyroarytenoid muscle recruitment (tone) does not appear to influence vocal fold position; and 3. still unidentified and unknown factors may be responsible for determining vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis
Data recovery from a compact disc fragment

We have shown a technique to recover real, descrambled user data from a compact disc fragment using a microscope and various signal and image processing algorithms.
The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide.

The reactions were studied with the aid of a mass spectrometer. A pinhole bleed system provided continuous sampling of the gas mixture in the cell during the reaction. It was found that the homogeneous reactions of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen peroxide are too slow to be of any significance in the upper atmosphere. However, the heterogeneous reactions may be important in the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide in the case of polluted urban atmospheres.
Scratching the surface

We have achieved the ability to make quantitative predictions for a wide range of low energy ion bombardment phenomena, and it is tempting to assume that this success reflects a fundamental understanding of the processes involved. In this paper a few examples of outstanding puzzles are given that do not appear to fit within the established paradigm and thus may indicate that our understanding is not as deep as we now think. There are, however, a variety of new experimental and calculational/theoretical tools at our disposal that may be especially appropriate in dealing with these cases.
Low ascorbic acid and increased oxidative stress in gulo(−/−) mice during development

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) depletion during prenatal and postnatal development can lead to oxidative stress in the developing brain and other organs. Such damage may lead to irreversible effects on later brain function. We studied the relationship between AA deficiency and oxidative stress during development in gulonolactone oxidase (gulo) knockout mice that are unable to synthesize their own ascorbic acid. Heterozygous gulo(+/-) mice can synthesize AA and typically have similar tissue levels to wild-type mice. Gulo(+/-) dams were mated with gulo(+/-) males to provide offspring of each possible genotype. Overall, embryonic day 20 (E20) and postnatal day 1 (P1) pups were protected against oxidative stress by sufficient AA transfer during pregnancy. On postnatal day 10 (P10) AA levels were dramatically lower in liver and cerebellum in gulo(-/-) mice and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased. In postnatal day 18 pups (P18) AA levels decreased further in gulo(-/-) mice and oxidative stress was observed in the accompanying elevations in MDA in liver, and F(2)-isoprostanes in cortex. Further, total glutathione levels were higher in gulo(-/-) mice in cortex, cerebellum and liver, indicating that a compensatory antioxidant system was activated. These data show a direct relationship between AA level and oxidative stress in the gulo(-/-) mice. They reinforce the critical role of ascorbic acid in preventing oxidative stress in the developing brain in animals that, like humans, cannot synthesize their own AA.
Repeated cocaine treatment enhances HIV-1 Tat-induced cortical excitability via over-activation of L-type calcium channels.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is dysregulated in neuroAIDS and during cocaine abuse. Repeated cocaine treatment upregulates voltage gated L-type Ca2+ channels in pyramidal neurons within the rat medial PFC (mPFC). L-type Ca2+ channels are also upregulated by the HIV-1 neurotoxic protein, Tat, but the role of Tat in pyramidal cell function is unknown. This represents a major knowledge gap as PFC pyramidal neurons are important mediators of behaviors that are disrupted in neuroAIDS and by chronic cocaine exposure. To determine if L-channel-mediated Ca2+ dysregulation in mPFC pyramidal neurons are a common neuropathogenic site for Tat and chronic cocaine, we evaluated the electrophysiological effects of recombinant Tat on these neurons in forebrain slices taken from rats 1–3 days after five, once-daily treatments of cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) or saline. In saline-treated rats, bath-applied Tat facilitated membrane depolarization and firing. Ca2+ influx was increased (indicated by prolonged Ca2+ spikes) with low concentrations of Tat (10-40nM), but reduced by higher concentrations (80-160nM), the latter likely reflecting dysfunction associated with excessive excitation. Tat-mediated effects were detected during NMDA/AMPA receptor blockade, and abolished by blocking activated L-channels with diltiazem. In neurons from cocaine-treated rats, the Tat-induced effects on evoked firing and Ca2+ spikes were significantly enhanced above that obtained with Tat in slices from saline-treated rats. Thus, glutamatergic receptor-independent over-activation of L-channels contributed to the Tat-induced hyper-reactivity of mPFC pyramidal neurons to excitatory stimuli, which was exacerbated in rats repeatedly exposed to cocaine. Such effects may contribute to the exaggerated neuropathology reported for HIV+ cocaine-abusing individuals.
The association of 9p21-3 locus with coronary atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies suggest that the 9p21-3 locus may influence susceptibility to myocardial infarction. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether this locus is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and adverse clinical outcomes in those with known coronary disease. Multiple electronic databases were searched from inception through August 2012. Studies examining 9p21-3 genotype in patients with known coronary artery disease were included. We extracted the association of the 9p21-3 locus with measures of severity of coronary atherosclerosis [number of diseased vessels, Gensini Score, Duke CAD Prognostic Index (DPI)], angiographic outcomes [change in minimum lumen diameter (∆MLD) and number of new lesions at follow-up], and key clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and the need for coronary revascularization). Relative risks (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were pooled using the random effects models. 23 cohorts enrolling 16,860 participants were analyzed. There was no significant difference between HR and LR genotypes in terms of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction or the frequency of coronary revascularization. HR genotype was associated with increased risk of triple vessel disease (RR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.08-1.65; P = 0.01) and increased baseline Gensini Score (WMD = 5.30; 95% CI 0.66-9.93; P = 0.03). However there was no association with DPI (WMD = 4.00; 95% CI 2.94-10.94; P = 0.26). HR genotype did not predict ∆MLD or number of new lesions at follow-up. Patients of coronary atherosclerosis who carry the high risk genotype of the 9p21-3 allele may be more likely to have multi-vessel CAD. However the effect of this allele on CAD progression and disease specific clinical outcomes are not observed possibly due to diminishing genetic risk following dietary modification and therapy.
Measurement of local structural configurations associated with reversible photostructural changes in arsenic trisulfide films.

Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements have been made on three reversible and reproducible cycles of thermally annealed and light-soaked amorphous ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ films. Associated with the light-soaked material are (1) a very small increase in the population of wrong bonds in the first shell, (2) an enlarged As---S---As bond angle with an expansion of As---As distance in the second shell, (3) a larger spread in the distribution of As---S---As bond angles, and (4) an absence of any change in the third As---S shell. From these data, we present the first quantitative correlation between observed local atomic structural changes and measured macroscopic properties that are associated with photodarkening. Our data demonstrate that the photoinduced structural changes mainly involve bonding alterations at S atoms as well as a change in the dihedral angle relationship between adjacent ${\mathrm{AsS}}_{3}$ pyramids joined at S atoms.
Psychiatric sequelae after traumatic injury: the Pittsburgh Regatta accident.

Accidental injury in a child is sudden, often violent, and emotionally stressful, particularly when it is accompanied by hospitalization and rehabilitation. The following case report examines the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric illnesses in five children involved in a boating accident during the 1988 Pittsburgh Regatta and considered severity of injury as well as complicating psychosocial stressors in the development of the disorders. The presence of symptoms was not related to the nature or extent of the injury but was instead the by-product of additional factors, including level of family stress, coping styles of the patient and family, positive psychiatric history in the child and/or family, and experience in effectively dealing with stressful episodes in the past. Language: en
Gemini: A Non-invasive, Energy-Harvesting True Power Meter

Power meters are critical for sub metering loads in residential and commercial settings, but high installation cost and complexity hamper their broader adoption. Recent approaches address installation burdens by proposing non-invasive meters that easily clip onto a wire, or stick onto a circuit breaker, to perform contact less metering. Unfortunately, these designs require regular maintenance (e.g. Battery replacement) or reduce measurement accuracy (e.g. Work poorly with non-unity power factors). This paper presents Gemini, a new design point in the power metering space. Gemini addresses the drawbacks of prior approaches by decoupling and distributing the AC voltage and current measurement acquisitions, and recombining them wirelessly using a low-bandwidth approach, to offer non-invasive real, reactive, and apparent power metering. Battery maintenance is eliminated by using an energy-harvesting design that enables the meter to power itself using a current transformer. Accuracy is substantially improved over other non-invasive meters by virtualizing the voltage channel -- effectively allowing the meter to calculate power as if it could directly measure voltage (since true power requires sample-by-sample multiplication of current and voltage measurements acquired with tight timing constraints). Collectively, these improvements result in a new design point that meters resistive loads with 0.6 W average error and a range of reactive and switching loads with 2.2 W average error -- matching commercial, mains-powered solutions.
FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES

The increased possibility of minor as well as major fatigue failure of highway bridges of relatively short span now being subjected to heavy trucks more frequently than ever before, appears to be a critical problem that calls for a basic re-evaluation of the fatigue performance of these bridges constructed under current and past design codes. For the purpose of establishing a framework of the study along this line, the present paper outlines, with a numerical example, a method of sensitivity analysis for the fatigue failure dealing with a system of a simple bridge and moving vehicles. Specifically, the sensitivity of the expected fatigue life to various parameters of the bridge and traffic flow characteristics such as failure criterion, traffic intensity, highway surface roughness, bridge damping, etc. Is investigated. (A) /TRRL/
The S(c) evered intertext: playfully imitating Petrarch in the Délie

La fragmentation intertextuelle du modele petrarchiste de Rime sparse dans ce canzoniere de M. Sceve. Dimension ludique des pratiques de l'imitatio et de l'allusion litteraire
Premalignant and malignant conditions of the cervix uteri. Tissue validity study of the vaginal irrigation smear method.

A total of 4494 women of a population known to have a high prevalence rate of cervical cancer received cytologic screening by the patient-obtained vaginal irrigation smear and the physician-obtained cervical scrape. The reliability of suspicious-positive and atypical cytologic gradings in the two screening methods was established in a study of cervical biopsies from 947 of these patients. When these cytologic screening methods are used at their fullest potential-with consideration of all atypical, suspicious and positive gradings as alerting-the cervical scrape detected 32.27 cases of premalignant (severe dysplasia) and malignant (intraepithelial and invasive cancer) conditions of the uterine cervix per 1000 women screened. Tested on the same patients, the vaginal irrigation smear revealed 88% of these cases, alerting us to the existence of severe cervical tissue changes in 28.27 women per 1000 screened. As was concluded in earlier reports, this case-finding potential warrants the use of the irrigation smear in population groups which have no routine access to the physician's care.
On the creep buckling of a long cylindrical shell

Abstract The advantages and limitations of a perturbation method of analysis for the creep buckling of shells is explored in this note by examining the particular case of a long cylindrical shell subjected to a uniform external pressure. It turns out that the oval deformation mode is the most critical as assumed in previous theoretical investigations. However, other modes can make important contributions to the deformation of a cylindrical shell and can, in fact, dominate the response if important imperfections are present in these harmonics.
Elevation of the panting threshold of the desert iguana,Dipsosaurus dorsalis, during dehydration: Potential roles of changes in plasma osmolality and body fluid volume

Dehydration of the desert iguana,Dipsosaurus dorsalis, resulted in a progressive elevation in the magnitude of the skin temperature necessary to elicit thermal panting (i.e., the panting threshold). Panting threshold increased from 43.4±0.8 °C at 100% initial body weight (IBW) to 45.4±1.2 °C at 90% IBW to 45.7±0.9 °C at 80% IBW. Plasma osmolality showed no significant change with dehydration to 80% IBW. Changes in plasma osmolality, whether induced by NaCl or non-ionic sucrose loading, had a significant impact on panting threshold. Increasing plasma osmolality resulted in an elevation of panting threshold while decreasing plasma osmolality resulted in lower panting thresholds. Decreasing body fluid volume by exsanguination of 1 ml whole blood/100 g body weight resulted in a mean increase in panting threshold by 0.7±0.2 °C. Volume loading with 160 mM NaCl (approximately isosmotic) had no significant effect on panting threshold. These data suggest that plasma osmolality and decreases in body fluid volume may be potent modulators of panting threshold during periods of water deprivation. However, at least in desert iguanas, increases in plasma osmolality would not appear to be an important factor in the elevation of panting threshold during dehydration to 80% IBW.
Mapping Soil pH

The theoretical profitability of variable rate (VR) lime management has driven adoption of intensive soil sampling strategies used with complex statistical techniques without demonstration of approach efficacy. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of spatially continuous pH and lime requirement (LR) maps derived from commercially used approaches to sampling and LR prediction at unsampled locations. We evaluated point (P) sampling on 0.1-, 0.4-, and 1.0-ha grids and area composite (AC) sampling by 1-ha grids, soil type (ST), and whole field (WF). Inverse distance (ID) weighting and ordinary kriging were applied to water pH and LR data from 11 fields. Modeling of semivariance identified range parameters of ≤100 m. For intensive P sampling (0.1- or 0.4-ha grids), kriging was occasionally more accurate than ID weighting but mean absolute error (MAE) differences were small (≤0.01 pH units and ≤0.13 Mg lime ha -1 ), suggesting little practical consequence to prediction method selection. One-hectare point data were too sparse to produce variograms and applying ID weighting to these data found only small advantages over WF compositing. Lime use was either unaltered or minimally reduced (10%) by 1-ha P as compared with WF compositing. When compared with WF composites, map prediction efficiencies (PEs) based on mean square error (MSE) analysis ranged from 7 to 51, -13 to 40, and -6 to 54% for ST compositing, 1- and 0.4-ha P sampling, respectively. These results suggest ST compositing remains viable and cost-effect for pH management, especially where ancillary information exists to verify distinct soil series boundaries.
An earthquake in Japan caused large waves in Norwegian fjords

Early on a winter morning a few years ago, many residents of western Norway who lived or worked along the shores of the nation's fjords were startled to see the calm morning waters suddenly begin to rise and fall. Starting at around 7:15 A.M. local time and continuing for nearly 3 hours, waves up to 1.5 meters high coursed through the previously still fjord waters. The scene was captured by security cameras and by people with cell phones, reported to local media, and investigated by a local newspaper. Drawing on this footage, and using a computational model and observations from a nearby seismic station, Bondevik et al. identified the cause of the waves—the powerful magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake that hit off the coast of Japan half an hour earlier.
Generalized jump-type Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes as limits of infinite-particle systems

We prove the existence and uniquencess of the solution to the martingale problem associated with jump-type Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes in the Schwartz space of distributions onR d. An example of a noninteracting infinite-particle system is given, which after rescaling has such a process as a limit. Cases when such a process has an invariant measure are identified.
Regulatory constraints on environmental markets

Abstract There have been several recent regulatory reforms aimed at promoting economic efficiency. These reforms fall into two broad categories - those aimed at promoting competition in specific industries, and those aimed at addressing problems that cut across several industries. This analysis examines two reforms that fall into the latter category. Both of these policies are specifically designed to enhance environmental quality while promoting cost savings. The analysis focuses on the biases and inefficiencies associated with the use of these policies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of designing more efficient alternatives in light of the political constraints that are imposed on regulators.
Business of Radiology 101: The State of Radiology Business Practice and Health Care Policy Curricula at US Radiology Residency Programs

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, content, and perceptions of curricula focused on radiology business practice and health care policy at US radiology residency training programs. Methods The desired survey population was trainees and faculty members of radiology residency programs in the United States. Three anonymous survey instruments were distributed, including an e-mail survey to the membership of the ACR RFS, a paper survey to ACR RFS delegates attending the 2010 AMCLC, and an e-mail survey to the membership of the Association of Program Directors in Radiology (APDR). Results Response rates for the surveys were 12%, 25%, and 21%, respectively. Members of the APDR and RFS agreed that understanding and competency in business practice and health care policy topics are important to the future careers of residents (total favorable sentiment >86% for APDR members and >96% for RFS members). Most survey respondents' home institutions offer some form of a noninterpretive curriculum (91% of APDR respondents, 74% of RFS respondents), but the breadth of topics addressed and educational time devoted to these curricula were quite variable. Subjective effectiveness of curricula was infrequently rated as very effective by 12% of APDR respondents and 6% of RFS respondents. Conclusions Despite the perceived importance of radiology business practice and health care policy education, and residency training requirements in competencies related to these subjects that have been in place for more than a decade, curricula addressing these items still seem to be in a stage of acceptance and development. Further commitment to and innovation within these curricula are requisite in educating our future radiologists.
A phase I safety study of enzastaurin plus bortezomib in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and identify the recommended doses of enzastaurin and bortezomib in combination for future Phase II studies in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Three dose levels (DLs) of oral enzastaurin and intravenous bortezomib were used according to a conventional “3 + 3” design. A loading dose of enzastaurin (250 mg twice/day [BID]) on Day 1 was followed by enzastaurin 125 mg BID for 1 week, after which bortezomib was added (Cycle 1, 28 days, 1.0 mg/m2: Days 8, 11, 15, and 18; seven subsequent 21-day cycles, 1.3 mg/m2: Days 1, 4, 8, and 11). Twenty-three patients received treatment; all patients received prior systemic therapy. Most patients received ≥3 regimens; 17 patients were bortezomib-refractory. A median of four treatment cycles (range 1–24) was completed. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed; thus, DL 3 was the recommended Phase II dose. The most common drug-related Grade 3/4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia (n = 6) and anemia (n = 2). No patients died on therapy. One patient (DL 1) achieved a very good partial response; three patients (DLs 2 and 3), a partial response; nine patients, stable disease; and four patients, progressive disease. The recommended Phase II doses in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma are as follows: enzastaurin loading dose of 375 mg three times/day on Day 1 followed by 250 mg BID, with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. The combination was well-tolerated and demonstrated some antimyeloma activity. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Detection threshold for lights of varying purity.

Duration thresholds for hue substitution stimuli of various wavelengths and colorimetric purity were determined. Results indicate an inverse relationship between duration thresholds and colorimetric purity. It was also found that short-wavelength sensitive (SWS) cones can contribute to the detection of low purity, short duration (< 5 ms) stimuli.
Enhancing homework compliance in correctional psychotherapy

This study investigated the effects of three homework compliance enhancement strategies (task option, task modeling, and public commitment) on a sample of probationers' compliance with therapeutic homework tasks during the course of a multiphasic correctional treatment program. The study featured a within-subjects, counterbalanced, experimental design. Homework compliance was measured on the basis of therapists' record of probationers' homework completion (i.e., "yes/no" tally), as well as probationers' scores on the Homework Rating Scale-II Client and Therapist rater versions. Results were mixed but suggested that public commitment and task modeling are potentially useful strategies in enhancing probationers' beliefs about, expectations of, and compliance with therapeutic homework tasks. Furthermore, results provided preliminary support for the reliability of the Homework Rating Scale-II within correctional populations. Implications for correctional service delivery, treatment programming, and treatment outcome are discussed, as is the need for further research in this area. Language: en
Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates

Attempts to establish relationships between mandibular morphology and either traditional dietary categories or geometric and material properties of primate diets have not been particularly successful. Using our conceptual framework of the feeding factors impacting mandibular morphology, we argue that this is because dietary categories and food geometric and material properties affect mandibular morphology only through intervening variables that are currently poorly understood, i.e., feeding behavior, mandibular loading, and stress and strain regimes. Our studies of 3-dimensional jaw kinematics in macaques and capuchins show that, although jaw movement profiles during chewing are affected by food material properties and species-level effects, patterns of jaw movements in these two species are broadly similar. However, because mandibular loading, stress, and strain regimes are determined by interactions between feeding behavior (such as jaw kinematics) and mandibular morphology, it is difficult to say whether these similarities in chewing kinematics also mean similarities in loading, stress, and strain. Comparative analyses of the scaling of daily feeding time and chew cycle duration reveal only weak support for the hypothesis that larger primates chew more than smaller primates. Consideration of these results suggests that better data are needed on the relationship between dietary categories, food material and geometric properties, the amount of time/cycles associated with different feeding behaviors (ingestion, premolar biting, mastication), and mandible stress and strain patterns if we are to understand fully relationships between mandibular morphology and diet in primates.
Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema.

The subject of brain edema (BE) has been burdened for many years by confusion with regard to understanding the essential pathophysiological aspects of the process. Various classifications were based mainly either on some gross characteristics, such as Reichardt’s [29] Hirnodem v. Hirnschwellung, or on etiological factors involved (e.g. traumatic, inflammatory, necrotic, hemorrhagic, etc.), which contributed only some limited descriptive value.
The Zebrafish ennui behavioral mutation disrupts acetylcholine receptor localization and motor axon stability

The zebrafish ennui mutation was identified from a mutagenesis screen for defects in early behavior. Homozygous ennui embryos swam more slowly than wild-type siblings but normal swimming recovered during larval stages and homozygous mutants survived until adulthood. Electrophysiological recordings from motoneurons and muscles suggested that the motor output of the CNS following mechanosensory stimulation was normal in ennui, but the synaptic currents at the neuromuscular junction were significantly reduced. Analysis of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in ennui muscles showed a marked reduction in the size of synaptic clusters and their aberrant localization at the myotome segment borders of fast twitch muscle. Prepatterned, nerve-independent AChR clusters appeared normal in mutant embryos and dispersed upon outgrowth of motor axons onto the muscles. Genetic mosaic analysis showed that ennui is required cell autonomously in muscle fibers for normal synaptic localization of AChRs. Furthermore, exogenous agrin failed to induce AChR aggregation, suggesting that ennui is crucial for agrin function. Finally, motor axons branched more extensively in ennui fast twitch muscles especially in the region of the myotome borders. These results suggest that ennui is important for nerve-dependent AChR clustering and the stability of axon growth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008