cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Particle Physical Properties on Flow Field During the Aeration Leaching Process

The aeration leaching process is a three-phase reaction of gas, liquid and solid. The solid phase is black opaque particles. It is difficult to observe the flow field and the distribution of each phase. The water model experiment does not involve chemical reactions, and the physical properties of the solid particles remain unchanged. The effect of particle changes on the flow field cannot be explored. This study is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, using the Euler–Euler three-fluid model. A 60 L stirred reactor was simulated, and the solid–liquid ratio in the tank was 1:4, ventilation rate Q = 1–2.5 m3/h, speed 400–500 rpm. This study simulated the particle changes in the real reaction process and analyzed the phase distribution and flow field.
Transient nuclear deformation primes epigenetic state and promotes cell reprogramming

Abstract Cell reprogramming has wide applications in tissue regeneration, disease modeling and personalized medicine, but low reprogramming efficiency remains a challenge. In addition to biochemical cues, biophysical factors can modulate the epigenetic state and a variety of cell functions. However, how biophysical factors help overcome the epigenetic barrier for cell reprogramming are not well understood. Here we utilized microfluidic channels to induce a transient deformation of the cell nucleus, which caused the disassembly of the nuclear lamina and a downregulation of DNA methylation and histone (H3K9) for 12-24 hours. These global decreases of heterochromatin marks at the early stage of cell reprogramming strikingly enhanced the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells. Consistently, inhibition of DNA methylation and H3K9 methylation partially mimicked the effects of mechanical squeezing on iN reprogramming efficiency. Knocking down lamin A had similar effects to squeezing on enhancing the reprogramming efficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a scalable microfluidic system that enabled a continuous cell processing to effectively prime the epigenetic state for cell reprogramming, demonstrating the potential of mechano-biotechnology for cell engineering.
News find Me perception and fake news credibility: Testing the cognitive involvement hypothesis on social media

Abstract Social media has been implicated in the proliferation of fabricated news narratives posing as professional journalism. In response, scholars have prioritized the study of the antecedents and outcomes of citizen's ability to detect so-called ‘fake news’. Growing evidence supports the cognitive involvement hypothesis, which states that deeper reflection and elaboration on news content increases one's tendency to correctly identify fake news. This study adds to this literature by exploring connections between reliance on social media for news and emergent scholarship on the News Finds Me Perception (NFMP). We argue that NFMP represents a low-effort cognitive style of attention to news and therefore, high NFMP respondents are more likely to evaluate fakes news as credible. Furthermore, we examine whether this association holds despite partisan affiliation. Panel survey data from the United States (Wave 1 = 1555; Wave 2 = 641) provide robust evidence that the NFMP is associated with inaccurate assessments of both apolitical and pro-conservative fake news stories. Moderation analyses show that NFMP is a boundary condition for media effects; reliance on social media for news only leads to fake news acceptance when people hold the NFMP, and this effect exacerbates partisan motivated reasoning. Implications for theory building are discussed.
Terahertz sources and detectors based on nonlinear diodes

The terahertz frequency band, spanning from roughly 100 GHz to 10 THz, is the most scientifically rich, unexplored region of electromagnetic spectrum. This frequency band is useful for scientific, military and commercial applications as the microwave and far-infrared bands. The aim of this paper is to build sources and detectors that span the entire terahertz technology gap. This has primarily been achieved through the use of nonlinear diodes to extend microwave functionality to high frequencies. GaAs is the material of choice for the nonlinear diodes because of its high electron mobility. Here the voltages, currents and their effect on the electrons in the microwave frequency devices are also considered.
Examining charitable donation process in South India: role of gender

With increasing financial clout, females are potentially poised as a greater source of charitable giving in the West. However, debate exists in the marketing literature about gender-based differences in charitable donations. The purpose of this study is to research whether gender-based segmentation is effective for charities in cultures in which high gender inequality exists. Hence, India, an emerging economy with high gender inequality, was chosen as the study setting. Following an extensive literature review, we identified gender, trust, attitude towards the ad, and feelings from the ad as key predictors of charitable donation intentions. A study model was developed and tested using regression analysis. It was found that the predictor variables have significant impact on intentions to donate. Hence, this study posits that gender could potentially be an effective segmentation variable for charities that are targeting potential donors in South India. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage-like transitions in a harmonically modulated optical lattice

We introduce a method for the coherent acceleration of atoms trapped in an optical lattice, using the well-known model for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Specifically, we show that small harmonic modulations of the optical lattice amplitude, with frequencies tuned to the eigenvalue spacings of three ``unperturbed'' eigenstates, reveals a three-state STIRAP subsystem. We use this model to realize an experimentally achievable method for transferring trapped atoms from stationary to motional eigenstates.
Effect of the Folic Acid Analogue, Trimethoprim, on Growth, Macromolecular Synthesis, and Incorporation of Exogenous Thymine in Escherichia coli

The effect of trimethoprim [2,4-diamino-5(2',4',5'trimethoxybenzyl)-pyrimidine] in the presence of thymine on Escherichia coli B temperature-sensitive and non-temperature-sensitive Thy(') strains and a phosphodeoxyribomutase-negative mutant was studied. The inhibitory effect of 5 mug of trimethoprim per ml on the growth of E. coli B was not overcome by thymine, thymidine, or thymidylate even in the presence of one-carbon metabolites and related metabolites. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein synthesis were more severely inhibited than ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. The inhibition of DNA synthesis was partially reversed by addition of deoxyadenosine to increase the incorporation of exogenous thymine. By contrast, the inhibition of protein was not reversed even with one-carbon metabolites present, in keeping with the requirement for formylmethionyl-transfer RNA(F) for initiation. However, the inhibition of both DNA and protein synthesis in a phosphodeoxyribomutase-negative strain by 1 mug of trimethoprim per ml with thymine present was partially reversed by deoxyadenosine and one-carbon metabolites, and nearly normal growth occurred. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine added at the time of addition of trimethoprim prevented the inhibition. Sulfadiazine in the presence of thymine inhibited both Thy(+) and Thy(-) strains whereas trimethoprim (with thymine) did not inhibit Thy(-) organisms. The effect of trimethoprim on the incorporation of labeled thymine into DNA was also studied. These experiments support the concept that trimethoprim in conjunction with the action of thymidylate synthetase inhibits the growth of Thy(+) cells because of a depletion of tetrahydrofolate. DNA synthesis is inhibited initially by a limitation of thymine nucleotide precursor, resulting from the indirect inhibition of thymidylate synthetase and the poor incorporation of exogenous thymine.
Introduction of a new architecture for wafer integration through configuration hierarchies: resulting in practical monolithic self configuring wafer scale integration

Currently a monolithic self configuring test structure has been fabricated which achieves wafer scale integration levels through General Dynamics patented architecture, new technology and methodologies. The test structure uses a new double metal 3.0-micron GD/P:WSI CMOS technology. The device was not developed as a functional product, but rather as a test of the configuration manager, configuration management architecture and the new GD/P:WSI30G technology. The device consists of four quadrants of functionality clusters and configuration managers (CMs). >
1037. Formulating and Testing of Targeted siRNA for Applications In Vivo

The use of RNAi to manipulate gene expression has become an invaluable tool in the elucidation of gene function. Although RNAi may have therapeutic potential, its successful application is limited by instability and poor delivery of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or vector-expressed short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in mammalian systems. A comparative evaluation of the efficiency of siRNA versus plasmid-expressed indicated that siRNAs are more potent inhibitors of gene expression than shRNA however, the duration of silencing by siRNAs is shorter than for shRNAs. An evaluation of PEI versus Cys-Trp-Lys17-Cys to delivery siRNAs in vitro showed no difference in the efficiency of knockdown, suggesting that the transfection agent used does not affect siRNA potency. In an effort to improve in vivo stability and liver targetingefficiency, siRNA was formulated with glutaraldehyde-crosslinked glycopeptide PEG-peptide to form stabilized colloids. These formulations showed improved liver targeting efficiency and metabolic stability in mice. The results provide evidence of improved formulation strategies for siRNA utilizing cross-linked peptide gene delivery systems that may improve potency and duration of action in vivo.
Poly rC-oligo dG specific template activity of mouse viral DNA polymerase detected by isoelectric focusing☆

Abstract An acid fraction from polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing contained only DNA polymerase template activity for (rC) n -(dG) 12–18 with little or no activity with (rA) n -(dT) 12–18 . A factor which stimulated (rC) n -(dG) 12–18 activity was also detected in low molecular weight fractions from G-100 Sephadex chromatography of the purified enzyme. Since (rC) n -(dG) 12–18 acitivty is thought to be descriptive of viral DNA polymerase, this stimulation is proposed to be significant for the regulation and specificity of viral DNA synthesis.
Enzyme-instructed self-assembly of peptide derivatives to form nanofibers and hydrogels

The review describes the use of enzyme catalysis and self-assembly, two essential and ubiquitous processes in biology, to create molecular nanofibers of peptide derivatives at the supramolecular level as potential nanomedicines and biomaterials. In particular, we discuss the use of enzymes to instruct the self-assembly of small peptide derivatives for hydrogelation, which takes place in vitro or in vivo, extra- or intracellularly, as a new strategy to detect the activity of enzymes, screen enzyme inhibitors, type bacteria, develop drug delivery systems, enhance the activity and stability of enzymes, and control the fate of cells.
Can signal intensity of the continuous wave Doppler regurgitant jet estimate severity of mitral regurgitation

Visual estimates of the intensity of the continuous wave (CW) Doppler regurgitant jet signal have been used to estimate the severity of valvular regurgitation. Theoretically, the strength of the reflected Doppler signal is a function of the number of scatterers. To test this approach quantitatively, free jets were produced in 27 experiments using a power injector and cornstarch suspension varying in concentration from 1% to 3%. Flow volume was varied from 5 to 15 ml, and orifice diameter varied from 2.5 to 10 mm. Machine settings were kept constant. Also, 22 patients with mitral regurgitation (MR)--5 mild, 11 moderate, and 6 severe by angiography--were studied. Average signal intensity under the CW Doppler flow curve was calculated using a computer image processor. In MR patients, average regurgitant flow (RF) intensity was compared with average mitral forward flow (FF) signal intensity. (1) The intensity under the CW flow signal in the free jet experiments correlated well with injection volume (r greater than 0.98). (2) RF average signal intensity did not correlate with angiographic MR severity (r = 0.21), but the ratio of RF to FF average signal intensity did correlate with MR severity (r = 0.73). (3) The sensitivity and the specificity of an RF/FF ratio greater than 0.65 for angiographically severe mitral regurgitation were both 83%. (4) The sensitivity and specificity of an RF/FF ratio less than 0.50 for angiographic mild mitral regurgitation were both 80%. The ratio of regurgitant to forward mitral flow CW Doppler signal intensity appears to be an accurate and clinically applicable method for estimating the severity of mitral regurgitation.
Improved high-performance liquid chromatography of vitamin E vitamers on normal-phase columns

A method is described for improving column stability and reproducibility for analysis of vitamin E vitamers on normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns with isooctane/ethyl acetate/acetic acid/2,2-dimethoxypropane (98.5:0.9:0.85:0.1) mobile phase. Acetic acid in the mobile phase reduced retention times of vitamin E vitamer and increased column stability. A small concentration of 2,2-dimethoxypropane, which reacts with water to form acetone and methanol, reduced the need for column regeneration and stabilized retention times.
Optical and radio variability in blazars

An analysis is presented of the optical (0.44 micron) and radio flux density variations (4.8, 8.0, and 14.5 GHz) of the five best observed variable AGN, of which three are BL Lac objects and two are optically violent variable (OVV) quasars. For each object the nature of the variability at individual wavelengths is determined by using a structure function analysis and the autocorrelation function as calculated from the discrete correlation technique. Both techniques yield similar results, showing that the optical variations are similar for all objects and are a combination of flicker and shot noise. The radio variability is distinct, being described by shot noise (less variation at short times), with the two OVVs exhibiting the most extreme behavior. The time lag between the variations at the three radio frequencies and the optical flux is studied with the discrete cross-correlation function and the mean variance methods. It is concluded that the optical and radio emitting regions are physically related, exist on distinct time scales, and excite their synchrotron emitting plasmas differently.
Effects of Low-Level Aqueous Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Sulfur Species on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Seed Germination

Low concentrations of aqueous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can stimulate growth of some crops. However, it is not clear whether H2S provides crops with only sulfur and whether other sulfur compounds have similar beneficial effects. Therefore, impacts of solutions of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), sodium sulfide (Na2S), ferrous sulfide (FeS), and H2S at 0.01–1 mM were assessed on 5-day lettuce seed germination. Results showed that 0.01 mM H2S solution significantly increased lettuce shoot elongation by 40 percent (to 43.6 mm from 31.0 mm in the control), whereas 0.1 mM increased elongation by 24 percent to 38.5 mm. Only a slight 10 percent increase was observed in 0.1 mM Na2SO4, suggesting that ameliorative impact of H2S on plant growth was not a result of providing sulfur nutrient. Other sulfur solutions, however, inhibited lettuce germination and elongation to varying extents, hinting that H2S might work as a signal molecule in regulating plant cellular activities.
THE DENSITY OF STATES IN LIGHT NUCLEI

The number of states of energy less than 25 Mev is calculated for a simple model of a nucleus of 20 nucleons. Kinetic energy and the effect of symmetry on the potential energy were considered to be the only systematic contributions to the excitation. A method of classification of states by supermultiplets, using mainly their projections on the $S\ensuremath{-}T$ plane, is presented. An empirical formula for level density in light nuclei is deduced.
Classical and quantal morphology of a piecewise-linear standard map

We consider a standard map with a continuous, piecewise-linear forcing term. The piecewise linearity allows for an extremely accurate calculation of the classical manifolds and associated homoclinic tangles. A simple coding for the periodic orbits is another useful property of the map. The quantized map is then studied and the resolution of stable and unstable invariant classical structures by the quantum eigenstates is assessed.
The fundamentals of electrometallurgy in aqueous media

Most metals can be recovered or processed using electrometallurgy. Electrometallurgical processing in aqueous media is an area of growing importance due to a broad range of applications that vary from microelectronics manufacturing to metal recovery and coatings. Understanding the associated fundamentals of electrometallurgical processing provides a foundation for future improvements in such processes. This paper provides an overview of the fundamentals of electrometallurgy in aqueous media.
Centrifugal effects in millimetre wave spectra: formyl fluoride

The three rotational and six distortion constants of both formyl and d-formyl fluoride have been determined from their millimetre wave absorption spectra, using an improved method of calculation of centrifugal effects. The rotational constants are: for HCOF,A=91 156.56 MHz,B=11 760.23 MHz,C=10 396.72 MHz; for DCOF,A=65 096.59 MHz,B=11 761.74 MHz,C=9 941.71 MHz. Taken with electron diffraction data these yield the parametersrCH=(1.087±0.01) A,rCO=(1.182±0.003) A,rCF=(1.341±0.003) A, andβFCO=(123.04±0.02)°. Comparisons are made with the structure of the formyl grouping in similar molecules.
Measurement of the orbitofrontal cortex: a validation study of a new method

The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Few morphometric neuroimaging studies have examined the OFC using different methodologies and have reported discrepant values. Substantial variability in gyri and sulci across individuals as well as unclear landmarks underline the difficulties in obtaining accurate and reliable measurements. We propose a new geometrical method for measuring the OFC taking into account individual brain variability. The OFC was defined by using the intercommissural line and the inferior edge of the frontal lobe as the main landmarks. The medial and lateral subdivisions of OFC were also separately measured using the olfactory sulcus as the boundary to distinguish between them. After resampling and refitting, 10 scans were independently traced by two trained researchers using BRAINS software. Talairach coordinates were identified on each scan from the OFC and surrounding adjacent brain regions to assess the validity of this method. Brain regions were assigned using Talairach Daemon system. OFC volumes were comparable with those previously reported. Sensitivity and specificity for OFC gray matter were 87.6 and 84.8%, respectively. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) for gray, white, and total OFC were 0.995, 0.994, and 0.997, respectively. ICCs for OFC medial and lateral subdivisions ranged between 0.996 and 0.998. This method appears to be a valid method for measuring the OFC with excellent reliability. This uncomplicated approach is easy to apply and has the potential to be a valuable alternative to the previously published methods.
The Production of Culture in Science

Hagstrom employs a production perspective to integrate what is known and reveal what is not known about the relationship between the subject matter of scientific specialties and the structure of the research groups. He also compares the structure of science and engineering work groups.
Electroretinograms as an indicator of disease activity in birdshot retinochoroidopathy

Abstract Purpose. To determine whether electroretinogram results can help predict the success in tapering of immunosuppressive medication in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy. Methods. Fifteen patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy who had at least three serial electroretinograms (ERG) during the course of their disease were included in the study. Charts of patients seen at the Immunology and Uveitis Service at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts were retrospectively reviewed. Seven parameters of the ERGs were examined: dim scotopic amplitude, bright scotopic amplitude, bright scotopic implicit time, single-flash photopic amplitude, single-flash photopic implicit time, 30 Hz flicker amplitudes, and 30 Hz flicker implicit times. For each parameter the patients were divided into two groups, those with normal and those with abnormal responses at the time their immunosuppressive medication taper was initiated. The percentage of patients in each group who were able to successfully taper their immunosuppressive medication was calculated. A successful taper of medication was defined as no recurrence of disease signs or symptoms for at least 1 year after the medication was terminated. Results. Abnormalities in the bright scotopic response amplitudes and 30 Hz flicker implicit times were associated with recurrence of inflammation as immunosuppressive therapy was tapered. Conclusion. ERG can serve as a useful adjunct in helping determine when to initiate tapering of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy.
Cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pediatric chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Previous reports have documented impaired cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) patients. To determine if this observed defect was a reflection of systemic mononuclear cell dysfunction, the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from pediatric patients on CPD was assessed after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and protein were measured before and after stimulation with LPS. There was no significant difference in the response of mononuclear cells from CPD patients and normal controls in terms of increase in TNF-α mRNA [median stimulation index (SI) = 6.6 vs. 3.7,P= 0.35] or IL-1β mRNA (median SI = 6.2 vs. 6.5,P= 1.0). There was also no significant difference between the median increase in TNF-α protein secretion (median 372 pg/ml vs. 373 pg/ml,P = 0.60). These results suggest that systemic mononuclear cell function may be intact in CPD patients, and therefore this does not account for the dysfunction of peritoneal macrophages that has been previously reported.
Circuit-oriented discrete-time modeling and simulation for switching converters 1

A generalized discrete-time modeling and simulation program, applicable to any PWM, resonant or quasi-resonant converter, has been developed. From a circuit description, this program automatically generates state-space equations corresponding to each switching interval and performs time-domain simulation by using state-transition equations with a fast-convergence algorithm for topological changes.
Designing scalable many-core parallel algorithms for min graphs using CUDA

Removing redundant edges on a large graph is a fundamental problem in many practical applications such as verification of real-time systems and network routing. In this paper, we present the designs of scalable and efficient parallel algorithms for multiple many-core GPU devices using CUDA. Our algorithms expose substantial fine-grained parallelism while maintaining minimal global communication. By using the global scope of the GPU's global memory, coalescing the global memory reads and writes, and avoiding on-chip shared memory bank conflicts, we are able to achieve a large performance benefit with a speed-up of 2,500x on a desktop computer in comparison with a single core CPU program. We report our experiments on large graphs with up to 29K vertices using multiple GPU devices.
Novel MEMS-Based Boiler Development for Low Temperature Applications

A novel MEMS-based boiler is fabricated and tested. The device is designed to operate from low-temperature heat sources using capillary action channels. The channels supply working fluid to the heated boiler surface, eliminating the need for traditional working fluid pumps. Two basic types of construction are evaluated. First, a more traditional silicon-based device is constructed and tested. Fabrication of the silicon boiler utilizes standard micro-fabrication practices. Second, a copper-based unit is fabricated and tested. Fabrication of the copper boiler focusses on low-cost techniques performed outside the scope of traditional micro-fab procedures. Results of these tests show the promise of non-traditional metals in low-temperature MEMS-based applications. The effectiveness of the copper boilers is shown to be 60% greater than their silicon counter parts. The copper-based prototypes exhibited a maximum evaporation rate for working fluid pumped across the boiling surface of 4.21 mg/sec.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Thyrotropin binding to cultured lymphocytes and thyroid cells.

The TSH-binding properties of human lymphocytes in continuous culture were studied and compared to those of bovine and human thyroid cells in primary culture. Both lymphocytes and thyroid cells had maximal TSH-binding capacity at pH 5.2. At pH 7.4, thyroid cells bound 15% but lymphocytes bound only 3% of the amount bound at pH 5.2. At 37 C, maximal binding of [125I]iodo-TSH to lymphocytes was reached within 60–90 min and maximal binding to thyroid cells was reached within 15–20 min. TSH binding to lymphocytes was salt sensitive, being inhibited to 50% by 0.2 mM MgCl and 0.4 mM CaCl2 and by 20 miw KI, KC1, and NaCl. The saturable binding of bovine TSH (bTSH) to thyroid cells at pHs 5.2 and 7.4 was above 90% of the total binding. Saturable binding to lymphocytes at pH 5.2 was also above 90%, but at pH 7.4 was 75% of total. At pH 5.2, both cell types displayed identical displacement curves of [l25I]iodo-bTSH by unlabeled bTSH. Pure hCG, human placental lactogen, human GH, and insulin cross-reacted to less th...
Catastrophic thinking and increased risk for prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain

Background As a consequence of the substantial rise in the prescription of opioids for the treatment of chronic noncancer pain, greater attention has been paid to the factors that may be associated with an increased risk for prescription opioid misuse. Recently, a growing number of studies have shown that patients with high levels of catastrophizing are at increased risk for prescription opioid misuse.
A Technique for the Synthesis of Linear Nonstationary Feedback Systems I-The Approximation Problem

In this paper, and in a companion paper, a technique for the synthesis of linear nonstationary feedback systems is presented. This paper deals with the approximation problem, i.e., a method is developed whereby a realizable weighting function which produces a desired output when subjected to a polynomial input can be generated. Certain conditions which must be fulfilled by the outputs are also developed.
Abstract 2174: MLL3 act as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3 (MLL3) is a histone 3-lysine 4 methyltransferase, found frequently mutated in a variety of solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma where it is the fourth most common somatically mutated gene (excluding homozygous deletions). Despite various somatic mutations, the functional role of MLL3 has not been studied in pancreatic cancer. Upon careful compilation of all the known MLL3 somatic mutations in various solid tumors, no hotspots were identified. However, regardless of the mutation status, we found significantly diminished MLL3 expression in a panel of patient-derived pancreatic tumor cell lines, tumor xenografts and archived patient tumors. Examination of the MLL3 promoter region revealed a CpG island. Methylation of the promoter region was confirmed by methylation-specific PCR in majority of the tumor cell lines and xenografts. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor relieved the promoter methylation causing increase in MLL3 transcript expression. Further, knockdown of MLL3 by siRNA in cell lines increased anchorage-independent growth, and enhanced the migration/invasion phenotype of cancer cells. Agilent microarray analysis of two pancreatic cancer cell lines subsequent to knockdown of residual MLL3 function by siRNA, revealed a battery of potential gene targets and pathways regulated by MLL3. The most common Gene Ontology (GO) categories for differentially expressed genes include those involved in cell cycle, cell migration, and DNA repair, underscoring the phenotypes observed with MLL3 siRNA. We indeed observed an increase in MLL3 expression upon DNA damage which was independent of p53 status. Using transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we are investigating whether loss of MLL3 function in exocrine pancreas cooperates with mutant Kras to accelerate the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to invasive neoplasia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2174. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2174
Food allergy. Part 1: Immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders

Up to 8% of children less than 3 years of age and approximately 2% of the adult population experience food-induced allergic disorders. A limited number of foods are responsible for the vast majority of food-induced allergic reactions: milk, egg, peanuts, fish, and tree nuts in children and peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish in adults. Food-induced allergic reactions are responsible for a variety of symptoms involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract and may be caused by IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms. In part 1 of this series, immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical disorders of food allergy are described.
Visual Memory for Place on the Page

Summary Sixty-four S s were asked to read a lengthy prose passage and were subsequently tested for (a) information recall, (b) memory for location of information answers; and (c) discrimination of information answers in a multiple-choice (MC) task. In agreement with previous studies, spatial memory was highly reliable and significantly greater for correct than incorrect information answers. However, the present experiment showed that cueing S s to a spatial test did not raise the level of spatial recall over that for a noncued group. Further, proportion of both item and spatial recall was found to increase directly with degree of visual memory for location as indexed by a five-point subjective knowledge scale. There was also a general trend for multiple-choice performance to improve as degree of visual knowledge for an answer's true location increased. It is apparent that visually mediated spatial memory is a fundamental attribute when text material is encoded, and may be of mnemonic worth when retention ...
Direct Binding of CDC20 Protein Family Members Activates the Anaphase-Promoting Complex in Mitosis and G1

Activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is required for anaphase initiation and for exit from mitosis. We show that APC is activated during mitosis and G1 by two regulatory factors, hCDC20 and hCDH1. These proteins directly bind to APC and activate its cyclin ubiquitination activity. hCDC20 confers a strict destruction-box (D-box) dependence on APC, while hCDH1 shows a much more relaxed specificity for the D-box. In HeLa cells, the protein levels of hCDC20 as well as its binding to APC peak in mitosis and decrease drastically at early G1. Thus, hCDC20 is the mitotic activator of APC and directs the degradation of substrates containing the D-box. The hCDH1 protein level remains constant during the cell cycle and may target specific substrates lacking the D-box in G1, such as polo-like kinase, for ubiquitination.
China: Getting beyond the headlines

China's continued economic growth even in these tough times attracts headlines. But China appears to be taking a disturbingly harder line with foreign business. By examining the deep political and social dynamics—China's “Four Basic Questions”—that propel China's rise, we can begin to understand and come to grips with what underlies this apparently new attitude. Surveys by the World Bank and other international organizations show that China's business environment fundamentals might not be as strong as we think. Still, China's economic momentum will continue despite the many problems the country faces. While foreign businesspeople today may express concern over negative trends in the business environment, they should be realistic. Behind the ups and downs of the Chinese scene, the country is struggling to resolve issues left over from history. Clear thinking about these basic issues is needed to survive—and perhaps prosper—in this environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ergodicity of Age Structure in Populations with Markovian Vital Rates, I: Countable States

Abstract This paper establishes new ergodic theorems for population age structure. Let A 1, A 2, … be denumerable Leslie matrices, and for l = 1,2, m(l)(0) be age structures (vectors with elements mi (l)(0)), satisfying the assumptions of the Coale-Lopez theorem. Let {A(t, ωl)}∞ t − 1 be sample paths of a discrete-time Markov chain with sample space {A k }∞ k − 1, and m(l)(t) = A(t, ωl)A(t − 1, ωl) … A(1, ωl)m(l)(0). Then for b = 1, 2, … (weak stochastic ergodicity) lim t→∞ (E(mi (1)(t)/mi (1)(t)) b − E(mi (2)(t)/mi (2)(t)) b ) = 0 if the chain is finite and weakly ergodic (see [4]) or denumerable and weakly ergodic (see [13]). The limit holds and (strong stochastic ergodicity) {m(l)(t)}∞ t − 1 converge in distribution, if the chain is homogeneous, aperiodic, positive recurrent, and uniformly geometrically ergodic.
Solvent Effects on the Surface Composition of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-Polystyrene/Polystyrene Blends

The effects of mixed solvents used for casting films of diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-polystyrene/polystyrene have been studied in detail at the surface of the films. The surface composition was determined over a wide range of detection depths using data from various spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS). After surveying a range of solvents, the surface segregation dependence on the solvent composition was investigated for two binary solvent mixtures, namely, toluene/chloroform and cyclohexanone/chloroform. One hundred percent surface poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coverage has been observed for the polymer blends containing 2% PDMS in bulk using the optimized cyclohexanone/chloroform mixture as solvent. Detectable amounts of polystyrene (PS) residue can be observed on surfaces for samples cast from other solvents. The PDMS-enriched ...
Emotion and prior knowledge in memory and judged comprehension of ambiguous stories

Abstract Two experiments investigated the effects of experimentally induced mood states on memory and judged comprehension of stories. The experiments examined the issue of whether induction of a depressed mood would affect prose memory and comprehension and impair the ability of individuals to use prior knowledge, activated by way of a title, in remembering the passage. In Experiment 1, depressed subjects who were given a title for the passage recalled fewer idea units when compared with neutral control conditions, but no depressive deficit in recall occurred in the absence of a title. In Experiment 2 the same pattern of results occurred when subjects learned two successive passages. The depressive deficits obtained were interpreted in terms of a resource allocation model which proposes that emotional states increase the production of irrelevant, competing thoughts that interfere with processes important in remembering the criterion passage. Alternative explanations involving cognitive initiative and sch...
National survey of ovarian carcinoma part V. The impact of physician's specialty on patients' survival

Background. Data analysis of the recent National Survey of Ovarian Carcinoma revealed significant differences in patterns of care among various physician specialists. The goal of this study was to determine if different care patterns led to differences in patient survival. Methods. Data were collected from 25 consecutive patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed in 1983 and 1988 from 1230 hospitals with cancer programs across the United States. Results. A total of 12,316 patients from 904 hospitals were registered, of whom 20.8% were cared for by gynecologic oncologists (GYO), 45.0% by obstetrician-gynecologists (OBG), and 21.1% by general surgeons (GS). GYO preferred the upper-lower midline incision in 44.1% of patients, whereas both OBG and GS chose the low midline approach in 44–45%. GYO performed more hysterectomies, oophorectomies, omentectomies, and lymph node and peritoneal biopsies than did other specialists. Although the rates of surgery of the small intestine were comparable between GYO and GS, the latter performed significantly more colostomies and resections of the large intestine. The optimal debulking rates were: GYO, 42–45%; OBG, 40–44%; and GS 25%. There was no significant survival difference between patients cared for by GYO and those cared for by OBG for all stage divisions. However, with the exception of patients with Stage I disease, patients cared for by GS had significantly reduced survival than did those cared for by GYO and OBG (P < 0.004). Conclusion. Efforts must be made to ensure that more patients with ovarian cancer are cared for by physicians in the appropriate specialties.
Comment on ``Mobility of Ni versus Zr in an amorphous Ni-Zr alloy'' [Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 517 (1986)]

Comments are made on Barbour’s paper concerning the mobility and diffusion of Ni and Zr in amorphous Ni−Zr alloys. Specifically, the method of Barbour et al. cannot, in principle, be used to determine which species moves faster. (AIP)
Use of Delayed Praise as a Directive and Its Effectiveness on On-Task Behavior

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effectiveness of delayed, directive praise on the on-task behavior of children identified as having a low level of attention. Utilizing an A-B-A-B single subject design, each child received delayed praise, employed as a directive for future behavior, from his or her classroom teacher during the treatment phases. The on-task behavior of each participant rose substantially between the initial baseline and treatment conditions and remained elevated throughout the study. Similarities between student performances suggest that students with low on-task behavior respond positively to delayed, directive praise and that the positive effects of such praise generalize over time.
X-ray reflectivity of the Cu(110) surface.

The specular reflectivity from the (110) surface of a Cu single crystal has been measured for temperatures between 300 and 1100 K. At lower temperatures, the reflectivity is well described by a model which yields a contraction of the spacing between the first and the second surface layers by 8% relative to the bulk layer separation. The fits also show large surface-normal vibrational amplitudes within the first few atomic layers. The line shape of the scattering transverse to the specular direction has two components below 1000 K, and evolves with increasing temperature. However, our data do not preclude the existence of a surface-roughening transition.
Citizen participation and emprowerment: The case of local environmental hazards

Local environmental hazards place millions of citizens at risk of physical, emotional, and financial harm. While the discovery of such hazards can be fundamentally disempowering for individuals and communities, few scholars have examined the dynamics of empowerment in this context. We explore the relationships among forms of empowerment, citizen participation, and local environmental hazards, and offer a model of the processes of empowerment and disempowerment appropriate to a broad range of citizen issues. On the basis of this analysis we recommend a partnership approach to community decision making that is designed both to reduce the likelihood that local environmental hazards will develop and to minimize the disempowering impact of any threats that do occur.
New methods in linear programming

Linear programming (LP) is an area of applied mathematics that is concerned with the minimization (or maximization) of a real-valued linear function on a convex polyhedron. Since the underlying theory is relatively straightforward, the history of the field is dated by the development of algorithms for solving LP problems. Thus the first important contribution was the simplex method developed in 1974 by George Dantzig (4, p. 15). The approach taken by Dantzig was to transform the inequality constraints into a system of equations with sign-restricted variables. This permitted pivoting methods, for solving systems of equations, to be used in linear programming. Thus the simplex method is a set of pivoting rules designed to maximize a linear function constrained by a set of linear equations. Geometrically it can be viewed as an adjacent extreme point method that finds the maximum through an iterative process of implicitly enumerating basic feasible solutions.
Threshold cryptosystem with multiple secret sharing policies

In a group-oriented threshold cryptosystem, each group, instead of each individual member within the group, publishes a single group public key. An outsider can use this group public key to send encrypted messages to the group. However, the received encrypted messages can only be decrypted properly when the number of participating members is larger than or equal to the threshold value. All earlier solutions assume that there is only one secret sharing policy. We propose the first threshold cryptosystem with multiple secret sharing policies. In other words, a group can set up multiple secret sharing policies and a trusted key centre is responsible for selecting three publicly-known moduli, secret keys for group members, and publishing a corresponding public key for each policy during the initiation time. Moreover, there is only one single secret key kept by each group member. Whenever an outsider wants to send a message to the group, he needs to determine how the message should be revealed to the group members, and therefore selects a proper public key to encrypt messages. Once the encrypted message is received by the group, according to the specified information, a predetermined number of group members is required to decipher the cipher-text.
Utilization of cell culture techniques in carbaryl metabolism studies

Radioactive carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate), introduced into a culture of human embryonic lung cells (L-132 strain), was completely metabolized within 3 days to water-soluble conjugates or organoextractables in the medium. No radioactivity was found in the washed cells. Studies to elucidate the metabolic pathways of detoxification suggested that carbaryl was hydroxylated in the C4 position of the ring and that approximately 40% of the labeled compound was hydrolyzed to form naphthalene-1, 4-diol. The remainder was found as theN-glucuronides of 4-hydroxycarbaryl and 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrocarbaryl. The addition of piperonyl butoxide to the cell culture medium had no effect upon the detoxification of carbaryl.
Regenerative simulation of response times in networks of queues with multiple job types

We have previously discussed the simulation of networks of queues for general characteristics of passage times of a single job type, using the regenerative method for simulation and the idea of tracking a distinguished job through the network. We consider here, from a somewhat different point ov view, passage time simulation in closed networks of queues having multiple job types. Our results provide a means of obtaining, from a single replication, point and interval estimates for passage times of the several job types. They also yield a statistically more efficient estimation procedure for passage times of a single job type.
Some characteristics and developmental aspects of rat uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase.

Abstract UDP-Gal 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) activity in developing rat liver, gut, kidney and brain was studied. The assay involved the thin-layer chromatographic separation of sugar nucleotides on polyethyleneimine-impregnated cellulose. UDP-[ 14 C]Gal, the substrate, was converted to UDP-[ 14 C]Glc by the epimerase reaction. Since both the reactant and the product have the same R F value, the UDP-Glc is converted by UDP-Glc dehydrogenase to UDP-GlCUA which is easily distiguished from the UDP-Gal on these plates. Differential centrifugation localized epimerase activity from newborn and adult rat liver in the soluble fraction. Newborn liver had greater specific activity than any other tissue examined, while adult gut had the highest activity of any adult tissue. The activity of the newborn liver declined at Day 2, remaining at the same level until Day 16 when a precipitous decline to adult levels of activity by Day 20 occured. Brain and kidney had lower specific activity than found in liver. No differences in activity of liver enzyme were noted between male and female newborn or adults. The newborn enzyme had a υ max five times greater than the adult, but both enzyme preparations had the same (a) stability characteristics, (b) K m values for UDP-Gal (0.153 mM) and for UDP-Glc (0.5 mM), (c) pH optimum (8.3–8.65) and (d) requirement for exogenous NAD + . Further, both were inhibited by NADH, p -chloromercuribenzoate, UDP-Man, UMP and TDP-Glc, and both exhibited product inhibition with UDP-Glc.