cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating efficient nonlinear neural network process models that allow model interpretation

Abstract The KBANN (knowledge-based artificial neural networks) approach uses neural networks to refine knowledge that can be written in the form of simple propositional rules. This idea is extended by presenting the MANNIDENT (multivariable artificial neural network identification) algorithm by which the mathematical equations of linear process models determine the topology and initial weights of a network, which is further trained using backpropagation. This method is applied to the task of modelling a non-isothermal CSTR in which a first-order exothermic reaction is occurring. This method produces statistically significant gains in accuracy over both a standard neural network approach and a linear model. Furthermore, using the approximate linear model to initialize the weights of the network produces statistically less variation in accuracy. By structuring the neural network according to the approximate linear model, the model can be readily interpreted.
Peripheral elevation of IGF-1 fails to alter Aβ clearance in multiple in vivo models

Increasing beta-amyloid (Abeta) clearance may alter the course of Alzheimer's disease progression and attenuate amyloid plaque pathology. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) augmentation has been suggested to increase Abeta clearance by facilitating transport of Abeta out of the brain. The availability of safe agents that increase IGF-1 levels therefore makes IGF-1 elevation an attractive target for disease modifying therapy in AD. The present series of studies sought to replicate published paradigms in which peripheral IGF-1 administration lowered brain Abeta acutely, with reduction in plaque pathology after chronic treatment. Thus Abeta levels were measured in several animal models following treatments that elevated IGF-1. Administration of IGF-1 to young or old rats for up to 3 days had no effect on Abeta levels in brain, CSF, or plasma. In adult beagles, 4 days of dosing with the growth hormone secretagogue, CP-424391, doubled baseline plasma IGF-1 levels, yet failed to alter CSF or plasma Abeta. 5-day treatment of young Tg2576 mice with IGF-1 produced robust elevations of IGF-1 levels in plasma, but no effects on Abeta were detected in brain, CSF, or plasma. Finally, 11-month-old Tg2576 mice were implanted with subcutaneous minipumps delivering IGF-1 for 1 month. No significant changes in Abeta (by ELISA or Western blot), plaque pathology, or phospho-tau epitopes were detected. These results do not demonstrate acute or chronic actions of peripherally administered IGF-1 on Abeta levels or the phosphorylation state of tau and therefore do not suggest any disease-modifying benefits of IGF-1 restorative therapy for AD through these mechanisms.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Instant Messaging in the Workplace

Instant messaging (IM) in the workplace has become an important topic for research as IM applications have proliferated in the corporate context. However, much of the work done to date has examined IM use from the consumer perspective, leaving us with little guidance as to its use in the office. This special issue addresses this shortcoming in the literature, providing several important studies on workplace IM use. One paper examines the use of IM in resolving differing points of view among coworkers. Another paper studies workplace communications costs and the role IM has in contributing to them by increasing communication volume. Two papers in the issue examine workplace IM in an international context, considering both cross-cultural and demographic issues that impact IM use.
The experiences of one faculty member in a business ethics seminar: What can we take back to the classroom?

The author's experiences in an ethics seminar for business school faculty are described. Conclusions from the dynamics of the participants' interactions are drawn and recommendations are made for teaching business school students about ethics.
The effect of elastic anisotropy on low temperature ultrasonic attenuation

Abstract The effect of elastic anisotropy on the attenuation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves is calculated. It is shown that anisotropy does not alter the temperature dependence and is a relatively small correction to the magnitude of the attenuation.
Staffing marketing positions during global hyper-competitiveness: A market-based perspective

As organizations globalize their operations, there appears to be an imperceptible shift in focus from internal tangible resources to those of external intangible relational resources; in other words, economies of scale appear to being replaced by economies of global scope. The strategic implications of this swing in the importance of resource bases can also have a significant impact on the international human resource management area. Identifying managers with local market knowledge and contacts becomes a critical consideration in the selection process. Maintaining on-going personal relations in foreign markets also helps to cement inter-organizational relationships such as strategic alliances. In the ‘think global, act local’ relational networks of global business, inpatriate managers appear to have the necessary characteristics of both organizational trust and local tacit knowledge to be effective global managers.
Taphonomic significance of hermit crabs (Anomura: Paguridea): Epifaunal hermit crab — Infaunal gastropod example

Abstract As secondary inhabitants of gastropod shells, hermit crabs (Anomura: Paguridea) can influence the preservation potential and resulting fossil record of gastropod shells and can modify the paleoecological information left on the shells. The fossil record of hermit crabs is almost non-existent (occasional chelipeds) and does not illuminate the role of hermit crabs as taphonomic agents. However, observations and experiments on bionts associated with modern hermit crab-inhabited gastropod shells demostrate a series of specific criteria by which bionts can be used to infer the presence of pagurids in the fossil record, their behavior, and the taphonomic consequences for the gastropod record since the origin of Paguridea in the Early Jurassic. This study shows that the infaunal snail shell, Olivella biplicata , when occupied by the epifaunal hermit crab, Pagurus granosimanus , has a unique set of filter-feeding bionts present in the aperture region of the shell. These bionts are not found on the living snail, do not settle on experimental tethered shells, and, because they leave bore holes or etchings on the shells, provide trace fossil evidence of hermit crab occupation of fossil shells. The taphonomic experiments revealed that empty tethered shells are more likely to be crushed by predators than buried. Experiments on the burial of previously hermitted shells show that some bionts are more likely to be destroyed early in the burial history (e.g., barnacles) than others (e.g., encrusting bryozoa).
Randomized trial to assess the efficacy of intraoperative steroid use in decreasing acute urinary retention after transperineal radioactive iodine-125 implantation for prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND. Acute urinary retention is a potential complication of brachytherapy, with the literature estimating that 5% to 22% of patients require catheterization within 48 hours after implantation. In theory, postimplantation edema could be reduced by using intraoperative steroids. A prospective trial was conducted randomizing patients to a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone versus no steroid use. METHODS. In all, 196 evaluable patients who received iodine‒125 (I125) interstitial brachytherapy alone as definitive treatment for low-to-intermediate risk prostate cancer were randomized to receive either dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg administered intravenously intraoperatively (Arm A) or no steroids (Arm B). All patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score before treatment. Patients were contacted by telephone 72 to 96 hours after treatment and the need for catheterization was reported. RESULTS. Between 2003 and 2005, 99 patients received steroids on treatment Arm A and 97 patients were treated according to control Arm B. Treatment arms were balanced with respect to pretreatment characteristics. A total of 3 patients required catheterization (2 in Arm A and 1 in Arm B). The overall rate of catheterization was 1.5%, with no statistically significant difference noted between treatment arms. The 3 patients requiring catheterization had no statistical differences from other patients with respect to pretreatment characteristics, number of seeds/needles used, or postimplantation computed tomography volume of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS. There was no statistically significant difference noted between treatment arms in the current study, leading the authors to conclude that intraoperative dexamethasone did not decrease the rate of catheterization required after brachytherapy. The overall rate of postimplantation catheterization in the current study was 1.5%, which is lower than reported elsewhere in the literature and in a retrospective review from the study institution. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Development and Initial Assessment of the Medication User Self-Evaluation (MUSE) Tool

Abstract Background Using patient-reported data to supplement claims-based indicators may be helpful in identifying Medicare beneficiaries likely to benefit from medication therapy management (MTM) services. Objective Our objective was to develop and initially assess a patient medication user self-evaluation (MUSE) tool to identify Medicare Part D beneficiaries who would benefit from a comprehensive medication review. Methods A random sample of 225 patient medication profiles was created from a survey of Medicare beneficiaries; the survey also included demographic characteristics, responses to adherence questions, and reported symptoms. Three clinical pharmacists used the patient profiles to make judgments regarding the likelihood (low, moderate, or high) that each patient would benefit from an MTM visit in the next 3 months. A total of 150 cases were used for model calibration, and 75 were used for validation. Ordinal logistic regression models were fit to predict the likelihood of benefit from an MTM visit by using different combinations of potential MUSE items. Final model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion and the percent agreement between model prediction and expert judgments in the validation data. Measures considered for inclusion in the MUSE tool were related to medication use, medical conditions, and health care utilization. Results The final MUSE items incorporated number of medications, number of physicians, number of pharmacies, number of hospitalizations in the past 6 months, having forgotten to take medications, cost-related problems, and number of medical conditions. Conclusion The 7-item MUSE tool could be used in targeting MTM services, such as comprehensive medication reviews, among Medicare beneficiaries.
Antibody response and dental caries in the bacterium Streptococcus-mono-associated, caries-resistant and caries-susceptible rats

Correlations between rat strain, agglutinating antibody responses in serum or saliva and caries incidence, previously observed in Harvard rats mono-associated with Streptococcus faecalis and given diet L128 and 5 per cent sucrose added to drinking water, were not found when experiments were repeated with the low-sucrose diet 305. Mono-association with either Streptococcus mutans 6715 or Strep. faecalis ND547 produced extensive caries in caries-susceptible (HCS) rats and little or no caries in resistant (HCR) ones, but caries incidence did not relate to levels of agglutinating antibodies in serum or saliva. There was markedly less serum antibody to Strep. faecalis in the HCR rats and more antibody in HCS rats, when compared to previous results, but this did not affect caries scores in either strain. No agglutinating antibody to Strep. mutans was detected in serum and indefinite antibody appeared in saliva. Under these conditions, the ability to produce an agglutinating antibody response did not appear to play a role in caries resistance.
Expression of zTlxA, a Hox11-like gene, in early differentiating embryonic neurons and cranial sensory ganglia of the zebrafish embryo.

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a member of the Tlx/Hox11 family of homeodomain factors from the zebrafish, most closely related to the vertebrate Tlx-1/Hox11 and Tlx-3/Hox11L2 proteins. The gene is expressed in a set of early differentiating neurons that project to a common tract, the lateral longitudinal fascicle. We show that the gene is specifically expressed in spinal cord Rohon Beard neurons, in nucleus of the posterior commissure neurons of the midbrain, in a set of hindbrain neurons that include RoL3 reticulospinal interneurons, and in the trigeminal, statoacoustic, anterior lateral line, glossopharyngeal, and vagal cranial sensory ganglia. Timing of expression of the gene in these neurons correlates with the phase of axonal outgrowth and target innervation. Expression of the gene is also observed in several non-neural tissues, including the pharyngeal arches, budding gill filaments, outgrowing semicircular protrusions in the otic vesicle, and in the pectoral fin buds. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cerebrovascular disease and dementia

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of psychiatric disability in the elderly. Much of this disability can be attributed to dementia and lesser degrees of cognitive impairment, which result from strokes and other forms of cerebrovascular pathology. While vascular dementia is common, estimates of its frequency vary due to its clinical and pathologic heterogeneity, the challenges involved in its measurement and its frequent co-occurrence with Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless the clinical features and natural histories of vascular dementia can be described, and risk factors have been identified and include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, other conditions that promote atherosclerosis, and rare genetic mutations. While vascular dementia is not curable, treatments are available. For example, a few recent clinical trials suggest that cholinesterase inhibitors have some efficacy. Our knowledge of the risk factors has also provided opportunities for the primary and secondary preve...
Deconstruction: Theory and Practice

Etude de la critique developpee par L. Lawlor contre les critiques de la critique derridienne de Husserl. Examinant la distinction entre theorie et pratique deconstructives, l'A. montre que le projet de systematisation de la description programmatique de la deconstruction elaboree par Derrida dans «La voix et le phenomene» souffre, chez Lawlor, de l'absence de l'evenement de la deconstruction
The Human Impact of a Pet Therapy Program in Three Geriatric Facilities

A participant-observation study of a visiting pet therapy program for the residents of three geriatric facilities has revealed several unintended social effects. Though the program is designed to operate in a similar way in all three institutions, its impact varies with the size of the facility, the health status of the residents, and the format that visits follow in each home. These differences yield distinct levels of privacy, interpersonal sharing, and human/animal contact. The presence of pets and the people who accompany them also trigger distinct reminiscing patterns pertaining to childhood and pet loss. In addition, some elderly residents participate mainly to relate to humans rather than animals. Furthermore, certain patients perceive pets as sources of moral value: they use their presence to assess human qualities and their own treatment by others. Program volunteers also develop on-going, intense bonds with residents whose emotional demands they sometimes find it difficult to meet.
Coherent backscattering in lithium niobate whispering-gallery-mode resonators

Splitting of high-Q whispering gallery modes into a doublet of counterpropagating modes was observed in a resonator fabricated from LiNbO3. An energy-transfer rate of 10 MHz was calculated by measuring the frequency detuning of the doublet structure. The splitting rate is also used to calculate the maximum variation in the internal index of refraction over one wavelength, which is of the order of 10−7. This shows that the mechanical process used to fabricate whispering-gallery-mode resonators from LiNbO3 is sufficient to achieve material-limited quality factors.
Frictional Losses of Dual-Material Lip-Type Shaft Seals

Optimum performance of some radial lip-type shaft seals requires a combination of properties in the elastomer: mechanical response requirements of the contact edge are different from those of the flex-section. Since this range of behavior is not available in a single elastomer, a “dual-material” oil seal has been designed and developed in which two or more elastomeric compounds are combined so that the product utilizes efficiently the optimum properties of each. One variation of the dual-material concept is a wear-resistant, low-friction material backed by a conventional elastomer. Frictional loss measurements during operation of an oil-seal is related to the degree of lubrication in the contact area, potential temperature build-up, wear rate, and sealing efficiency; and hence, furnishes a rapidly obtainable estimate of service life and long-term performance characteristics. Laboratory data expressing the dependence of the frictional losses (power consumption, W) on lubricant viscosity, T), shaft speed, N...
Tainted Commons, Public Health: The Politico–Moral Significance of Cholera in Vietnam

In October 2007, a series of cholera epidemics broke out in Hanoi, interrupting a moment of economic triumphalism in post-transition Vietnam. In seeking the source of a refractory disease associated with poverty and underdevelopment, officials, media, and citizens not only identified scapegoats and proposed solutions, they also endorsed particular visions of moral conduct, social order, and public health. Controversy over cholera, a potent politico–moral symbol, expressed an imaginary of “tainted commons” (i.e., an emergent space of civil society and small-scale entrepreneurship from which the state has partially withdrawn, while still exercising some measure of scrutiny and control). The ambiguities of this situation permitted the state to assume moral postures, evade responsibility, and deflect criticism to convenient targets. Prevalent outbreak narratives thus played on anxieties regarding specifically classed and gendered social groups, whose behavior was imagined to contravene ideals of public health and order.
Phage shock proteins B and C prevent lethal cytoplasmic membrane permeability in Yersinia enterocolitica

The bacterial phage shock protein (Psp) stress response system is activated by events affecting the cytoplasmic membrane. In response, Psp protein levels increase, including PspA, which has been implicated as the master effector of stress tolerance. Yersinia enterocolitica and related bacteria with a defective Psp system are highly sensitive to the mislocalization of pore-forming secretin proteins. However, why secretins are toxic to psp null strains, whereas some other Psp inducers are not, has not been explained. Furthermore, previous work has led to the confounding and disputable suggestion that PspA is not involved in mitigating secretin toxicity. Here we have established a correlation between the amount of secretin toxicity in a psp null strain and the extent of cytoplasmic membrane permeability to large molecules. This leads to a morphological change resembling cells undergoing plasmolysis. Furthermore, using novel strains with dis-regulated Psp proteins has allowed us to obtain unequivocal evidence that PspA is not required for secretin-stress tolerance. Together, our data suggest that the mechanism by which secretin multimers kill psp null cells is by causing a profound defect in the cytoplasmic membrane permeability barrier. This allows lethal molecular exchange with the environment, which the PspB and PspC proteins can prevent.
Making home in the age of globalization: A comparative analysis of elderly homes in the U.S. and Korea

Abstract This study suggests an alternative model of home as a dynamic place where one's dwelling and social world gradually meld together. The melding process as it occurs in context is highlighted. Using an ethnographic field study format, the study examined the process of making home employed by elderly residents in two institutional settings in the U.S. and Korea. Detailed field observations reveal that this dynamic process is continuously informed by larger social norms and expectations that govern intergenerational relationships and prevailing notions of individualism and collectivism. Although conventional meanings of home such as security were found, the degree of manifestations and the reasoning behind each meaning was different. The need for further cross-cultural studies and policy implications are discussed.
An admission control scheme for predictable server response time for web accesses

The diversity in web object types and their resource requirements contributes to the unpredictability of web service provisioning. In this paper, an eAEcient admission control algorithm, PACERS, is proposed to provide di erent levels of services based on the server workload characteristics. Service quality is ensured by periodical allocation of system resources based on the estimation of request rate and service requirements of prioritized tasks. Admission of lower priority tasks is restricted during high load periods to prevent denial-of-services to high priority tasks. A doublequeue structure is implemented to reduce the e ects of estimation inaccuracy and to utilize the spare capacity of the server, thus increasing the system throughput. Response delays of the high priority tasks are bounded by the length of the prediction period. Theoretical analysis and experimental study show that the PACERS algorithm provides desirable throughput and bounded response delay to the prioritized tasks, without any signi cant impact on the aggregate throughput of the system under various workload.
Strategic Choices and Dangerous Traps

actually writing. It requires others in the same fix to convince one not only of the virtual inevitability and universality of the problems of writing, but of the ability in the end to deal with them, satisfactorily and sufficiently, if not optimally and completely. A group of dissertation writers (which may be composed of people at different though preferably overlapping stages of the dissertation), meeting informally, can go far to smooth the process for the individuals involved.
A rab-related GTP-binding protein in Schistosoma mansoni

Abstract Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease initiated by the deposition of eggs in host tissues by the blood fluke Schistosoma. A gene encoding a low-molecular weight GTP-binding protein (LMWGP) was cloned from Schistosoma mansoni using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The gene was termed smrab ( S chistosoma m ansoni rab -related protein). Northern blot analysis hybridizes smrab cDNA with a 1.5-kb band of mRNA; this mRNA is abundantly expressed in male schistosomes, while only slightly in females. The deduced amino acid sequence of smrab shares ca. 70% homology with that of several rab-related LMWGPs. Smrab terminates in a CCXXX motif, which is one of several signals for post-translational isoprenoid modification by geranylgeranyl protein transferase (GGPT) type II. A GGPT assay with in vitro translation product confirms that smrab is geranylgeranylated. Recombinant expression of smrab in the pET3a expression vector yields insoluble protein which migrates as a 23-kDa band on SDS-PAGE. N-terminal sequence information of the recombinant protein matches the predicted amino acid sequence of smrab. GTP-binding analysis indicates that the recombinant protein binds GTP. Therefore, smrab meets the criteria recently established for acceptance into the ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins (Kahn, R.A., Der, C.J. and Bokoch, G.M. (1992) The ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins: guidelines on nomenclature. FASEB J. 6, 2512–2513, Ref. [21]).
How Open Source Software Works: 'Free' User-to-User Assistance?

Open source software products represent the leading edge of innovation development and diffusion systems conducted for and by users themselves - no manufacturer required. Research into this phenomenon has so far focused on how the major tasks of software development are organized and motivated. But a complete user system requires the execution of "mundane but necessary" tasks as well. In this paper, we explore how the mundane but necessary task of field support for open source Apache server software is organized, and how and why users are motivated to participate in providing it. We find that the present system works well and that information providers are largely rewarded by benefits directly received from a related task. We also find, however, that the present help system is by and for only a few - and that changes would be needed if and as volume increases. General lessons for user-based innovation systems includes the clear willingness of users to openly reveal their proprietary information. This bodes well for the efficiency of user-only innovation systems. Open revealing is rational behavior if the information has low competitive value and/or if information providers think that other users know the same thing they do, and would reveal the information if they did not.
American Tempest: How the Boston Tea Party Sparked a Revolution. By Harlow Giles Unger. (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2011. Pp. xiv, 288. $26.00.)

With the Boston Tea Party, the motivations of the colonial revolutionaries, and the very meaning of the “American way” so regularly debated in the United States recently, it is only fitting that Ha...
Backing into the Future

The professionalization of anthropology was grounded in a naturalistic tradition of field research. The empirical particularism of fieldwork wedded aesthetic and humanistic concerns with those of science in a discipline that assumed a species-wide and long-time perspective while focusing on the description and comparisons of local variations. Scientific progress has occurred in anthropology over the past century despite the distortions of colonialism, the Cold War, and other historical circumstances. Controversies about good and bad scientific work and about the humanistic character of anthropology have been an ongoing aspect of our discipline. The historical development of medical anthropology and important recent publications in this specialty illustrate the nature of the encompassing discipline and provide the ground on which 21st-century scholars will carry the science forward, [anthropological tradition, scientific progress, humanistic science]
3′ nontranslated RNA signals required for replication of hepatitis C virus RNA

We describe a mutational analysis of the 3′ nontranslated RNA (3′NTR) signals required for replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNAs. A series of deletion mutants was constructed within the background of an HCV-N replicon that induces the expression of secreted alkaline phosphatase in order to examine the requirements for each of the three domains comprising the 3′NTR, namely, the highly conserved 3′ terminal 98-nucleotide (nt) segment (3′X), an upstream poly(U)-poly(UC) [poly(U/UC)] tract, and the variable region (VR) located at the 5′ end of the 3′NTR. Each of these domains was found to contribute to efficient replication of the viral RNA in transiently transfected hepatoma cells. Replication was not detected when any of the three putative stem-loop structures within the 3′X region were deleted. Similarly, complete deletion of the poly(U/UC) tract abolished replication. Replacement of a minimum of 50 to 62 nt of poly(U/UC) sequence was required for detectable RNA replication when the native sequence was restored in a stepwise fashion from its 3′ end. Lengthier poly(U/UC) sequences, and possibly pure homopolymeric poly(U) tracts, were associated with more efficient RNA amplification. Finally, while multiple deletion mutations were tolerated within VR, each led to a partial loss of replication capacity. The impaired replication capacity of the deletion mutants could not be explained by reduced translational activity or by decreased stability of the RNA, suggesting that each of these mutations may impair recognition of the RNA by the viral replicase during an early step in negative-strand RNA synthesis. The results indicate that the 3′-most 150 nt of the HCV-N genome [the 3′X region and the 3′ 52 nt of the poly(U/UC) tract] contain RNA signals that are essential for replication, while the remainder of the 3′NTR plays a facilitating role in replication but is not absolutely required.
A performance driven logic synthesis system using delay estimator

In this paper, we develop a logic synthesis approach which relies on accurate design evaluation program to estimate the final design attributes such as layout speed. Given a candidate design implementation, an evaluation program is called upon to provide quick and accurate estimates of the critical path delay. This information is then used as a feedback to the logic optimization system. Based on this feedback, the system will "re-orient" itself toward a new direction for optimization. Such a scheme represents a more realistic way of generating optimal layout implementations. >
Environmental “White Noise”: An Intervention for Verbally Agitated Nursing Home Residents

This study presents preliminary data on the efficacy of two environmental "white noise" audiotapes for the treatment of verbal agitation in severely demented nursing home residents. The researchers employed a computer-assisted realtime observational system to assess both the frequency of verbal agitation and the actual use of the intervention on the nursing units (treatment fidelity). Intervention by nurse aides (NAs) on the unit was preceded by a researchercontrolled functional analysis phase that provided information regarding which of the two audiotapes would be most effective for individual residents. Results indicate a 23% reduction in verbal agitation with this individualized treatment strategy on the nursing units. These results were obtained even though treatment fidelity data showed that the audiotapes were used during only 51% of the observations. The authors discuss the need for formal staff management procedures for increasing staff compliance with treatment regimens.
Pulmonary carcinosarcoma initially presenting as invasive aspergillosis: a case report of previously unreported combination

Carcinosarcoma of the lung is a malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma elements. The carcinomatous component is most commonly squamous followed by adenocarcinoma. The sarcomatous component commonly comprises the bulk of the tumor and shows poorly differentiated spindle cell features. Foci of differentiated sarcomatous elements such as chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma may be seen. Aspergillus pneumonia is the most common form of invasive aspergillosis and occurs mainly in patients with malignancy, immunocompromizing or debilitating diseases. Patients with Aspergillus pneumonia present with fever, cough, chest pain and occasionally hemoptysis. Tissue examination is the most reliable method for diagnosis, and mortality rate is high. We describe a case of primary carcinosarcoma of the lung concurrently occurring with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 66-year old patient.
A Genetic Robot Path Planner with Fuzzy Logic Adaptation

The paper develops a combined genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic approach to path planning for a mobile robot operating in rough environments. Path planning consists of a description of the environment using a fuzzy logic framework, and a two-stage planner. A global planner determines the path that optimizes a combination of terrain roughness and path curvature. A local planner uses sensory information, and in case of detection of previously unknown and unaccounted for obstacles, performs an on-line planning to get around the newly discovered obstacle. The fuzzy adaptation of the genetic operators is achieved by adjusting the probabilities of the genetic operators based on a diversity measure of the population and traversability measure of the path. Path planning for an articulate rover in a rugged Mars terrain is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed path planner.
Women, Drugs, and Crime

Throughout feminist criminological scholarship, a concerted effort has been focused on understanding the backgrounds, criminal contexts, and programming needs of criminalized women. It is clear that criminalized women enter the justice system with a host of interconnected experiences and issues, ranging from childhood victimization, sexual assault, and intimate partner abuse, to homelessness, poverty, and illness. While these contribute to the motivations and rationales of women’s criminality, they are often aggravated by drug addiction. In a variety of ways, drug use is interlaced with women’s efforts to survive on a daily basis. This article examines the role drugs play in criminalized women’s lives through the narratives of 30 incarcerated women.
Role of the kinesin neck region in processive microtubule-based motility

Kinesin is a dimeric motor protein that can move along a microtubule for several microns without releasing (termed processive movement). The two motor domains of the dimer are thought to move in a coordinated, hand-over-hand manner. A region adjacent to kinesin's motor catalytic domain (the neck) contains a coiled coil that is sufficient for motor dimerization and has been proposed to play an essential role in processive movement. Recent models have suggested that the neck enables head-to-head communication by creating a stiff connection between the two motor domains, but also may unwind during the mechanochemical cycle to allow movement to new tubulin binding sites. To test these ideas, we mutated the neck coiled coil in a 560-amino acid (aa) dimeric kinesin construct fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), and then assayed processivity using a fluorescence microscope that can visualize single kinesin–GFP molecules moving along a microtubule. Our results show that replacing the kinesin neck coiled coil with a 28-aa residue peptide sequence that forms a highly stable coiled coil does not greatly reduce the processivity of the motor. This result argues against models in which extensive unwinding of the coiled coil is essential for movement. Furthermore, we show that deleting the neck coiled coil decreases processivity 10-fold, but surprisingly does not abolish it. We also demonstrate that processivity is increased by threefold when the neck helix is elongated by seven residues. These results indicate that structural features of the neck coiled coil, although not essential for processivity, can tune the efficiency of single molecule motility.
Sound speed estimation using automatic ultrasound image registration

A mismatch between the sound speed assumed for beamforming and scan conversion and the true sound speed in the tissue to be imaged can lead to significant defocusing and some geometric distortions in ultrasound images. A method is presented for estimating the average sound speed based on detection of these distortions using automatic registration of overlapping, electronically steered images. An acrylamide gel phantom containing vaporized dodecafluoropentane droplets as point targets was constructed to evaluate the technique. Good agreement (rms deviation <0.4%) was found between the sound speeds measured in the phantom using a reference pulse-echo technique and the image-based sound speed estimates. A significant improvement in accuracy (rms deviation <0.1%) was achieved by including the simulated sound field of the probe rather than assuming straight acoustic beams and propagation according to ray acoustics.
RESERVOIR FORMATION DAMAGE ABATEMENT – GUIDELINES, METHODOLOGY, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, AND REMEDIATION TREATMENTS

Practical and scientific guidance are provided for optimal design, management, and monitoring of remediation treatment fluid applications in petroleum reservoirs. The important steps necessary toward establishing an effective formation damage abatement program and its implementation for a given field are reviewed. Applications are illustrated by several examples, including the formation damage prevention and remediation dealing with a heavy oil reservoir producing by means of a thermal enhanced oil recovery method.
““Das verlassene Määgdlein””: Grief Partaken

Abstract Perhaps the most influential abandoned woman to surface in the musical history of the nineteenth century was that conceived by Biedermeier poet Eduard Moorike. Since its initial publication in 1832, his ““Das verlassene Maagdlein”” has engaged the sustained attention of composers, performers, and even music analysts and critics. Not only did his Maagdlein prompt the creation of numerous nineteenth-century volkstuumliche varianten throughout Germany and Austria, but she also inspired 130 musical settings dating between 1832 and 1985. Yet, although Moorike is just one of many figures within a long tradition of male poets writing on female abandonment, there seems to be something to this particular poem, that is, to Moorike9s Maagdlein , that has compelled composers to retell her tale again and again in song. My discussion begins by first revisiting the poem9s original novelistic context, Maler Nolten: Novelle in zwei Theilen (1832). Thereafter I follow Moorike9s Maagdlein from her poetic beginnings to two of her best-known musical reappearances: Robert Schumann9s ““Das verlassne Maagdelein”” (op. 64, no. 2) of 1847 and the work it inspired forty years later, Hugo Wolf9s 1888 ““Das verlassene Maagdlein”” ( also op. 64, no. 2), perhaps the most renowned setting of them all. Through the juxtaposition of these two settings we may not only uncover their potential textual and musical interconnections, but also gain insight into the tacit cultural understandings and ideologies surrounding those who take up the voice of the abandoned.
WMD Terrorism Research: Whereto from Here?

Despite significant contributions in the past decade to our understanding of various aspects of WMD terrorism, the topic seems to have reached something of an “interpretive impasse.” A recent survey of more than 120 books, journal articles, monographs, and government reports dealing with WMD terrorism indicated that the scholarly and policy-related literature has increasingly begun to recycle the same interpretations and staid shibboleths. This is not meant to denigrate several excellent works that have emerged, merely to point out that truly novel insights into WMD terrorism are becoming few and far between. To some extent this is understandable, given the paucity of serious chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) incidents and the absence of any true WMD attacks by terrorists upon which to base studies and against which to validate assertions. The answers to some of the questions surrounding WMD terrorism must, therefore, necessarily remain within the realm of the speculative as long as we do not experience any major attacks—and hopefully this will continue to be the case. There are, however, several aspects that seem to have been overlooked or given scant attention in the research program thus far. With the hope of broadening the research agenda for WMD terrorism, I offer the following three examples. The current security situation, including recent indications of terrorist interest in using WMD, makes it untenable for scholars to act leisurely in applying their insights to practical purposes. Basic research needs to be operationalized as soon as possible in a form that analysts, investigators, and policymakers can deploy “in the field.” A task that scholars should set for themselves in this regard is to actively work to incorporate the knowledge and insights we have gained over decades of study regarding motivational and other aspects of WMD terrorism into threat assessment methodologies that can …
Knowledge discovery from historical data: an algorithmic approach

The authors report the results of a study that involved the discovery of knowledge and the creation of knowledge bases from large, archived, textual databases. The knowledge base, which was based on a semantic network structure, was created automatically using two statistical algorithms. Each of the knowledge bases has more than 8900 terms (concepts) and 80000 relationships (links) in the area of East-bloc computing. With the help of four East-bloc computing experts, the authors evaluated the two knowledge bases in an experiment based on recall and recognition tests. Both knowledge bases were robust in capturing the concepts in the domain. The discovered knowledge was brought back into the textual database to create a tightly integrated and intelligent system. The authors believe their algorithmic approach to knowledge discovery can be applied to large-scale textual databases, in which the information is voluminous and the semantics are embedded in the texts. Current research efforts include the creation of a meta knowledge base, and design of semantic network and neural network based inferencing algorithms. >
Hungry for More: Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Genetic alterations in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have become increasingly recognized in both known familial or heritable and sporadic or idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Unrecognized genetic alterations have now been found in up to 40% of the IPAH in which no familial predisposition is apparent.1 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor II (BMPR-II) is the most common gene implicated in this hereditary form of PAH; furthermore, it is implicated in the pathogenesis of nonhereditary forms of PAH with a significant reduction in the expression of BMPR-II in both IPAH and experimental animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH).2 BMPs represent the largest group of cytokines in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and regulate growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in multiple cell types, whereas BMPR-II has been shown to have unique roles in differing cells. Article, see p 1159 BMPR-II is constitutively active at the cell membrane, and ligand stimulation initiates cross-linking with BMPR-I to form a receptor complex that is necessary to activate intracellular signaling. BMPR-II is most highly expressed in endothelial cells in the pulmonary vasculature, and BMPR-II activation leads to the increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis through Smad signaling.3,4 This is in contrast to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, where BMP activation leads to the inhibition of proliferation and increased apoptosis through Smad signaling in large vessels, although in small pulmonary arteries, a proliferative effect is seen through activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, which inhibits Smad signaling.5,6 It is these unique yet complementary functions that make BMPR-II mutations particularly damaging in the pulmonary circulation, leading to development of PAH. A dysfunctional mutation of BMPR-II, as in heritable PAH, or downregulation of protein expression, as in IPAH and animal models, can lead to endothelial dysfunction hallmarked by abnormal barrier function through …
A Travel Paradise: Tourism Narratives of Robben Island

As it so often does in Cape Town, the weather had suddenly changed. The sea was rough and the last ferry of the day back to the mainland was cancelled. I’d known it might be a long day on the islan...
A REVIEW OF: “MODELS OF THE MIND: A FRAMEWORK FOR BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PSYCHIATRY”

Stephen L. Dilts, Jr., MD, is currently on the faculty of the University of Colorado, School of Medicine in the Department of Psychiatry. He is the medical director of the Colorado Physician Health...
Web-Enabled Architectural Integration in Enterprise Knowledge Management Networks

The World Wide Web provides a ubiquitous medium for seamlessly integrating distributed applications, formats and content, making it well-suited for enterprise knowledge management. In this article, we discuss a framework for characterizing knowledge management technology. We identify the desirable attributes of a knowledge management system and describe how Web-centric approaches can support these requirements. We also review related research in enterprise knowledge management.
Unity Airways: Melissa White (a)

Melissa White was on her way for a long-awaited visit with her parents in Hong Kong. But the first leg of her trip, a Unity Airways Washington-Chicago flight, was forced to return to Washington, D.C., due to engine trouble. After waiting three hours at customer service for the rebooking of her itinerary, White reached the front of the line. She was prepared to hear that her trip would be delayed a day. Although this would shorten the stay with her parents, a relaxing day at the airline's expense would ease her disappointment.
Studies on the mechanism of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)-induced hepatotoxicity. II. Biochemical and morphological characterization of the injury and its prevention by phenobarbital.

The present study characterizes the biochemical, morphological, and histological sites of CCNU-induced hepatotoxicity and investigates the effect of modifiers of drug metabolism on this toxicity. A single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of CCNU caused four- and ninefold increases in serum GOT and GPT respectively 48 h after administration in rats. A 25-fold rise in serum bilirubin, a total loss of bile flow, and a decrease in BSP clearance were also observed. Cytochrome P-450 content and EM-N-demethylase activity were significantly decreased to 88% and 66% of control values respectively. A histopathological time course study of CCNU-induced injury showed a progression of acute inflammation, edema, and fibrin deposition in portal areas over 24 h with necrosis and sloughing of bile duct epithelium at 24 and 36 h. Treatment of rats with PB (40 mg/kg/day for 4 days, i.p.) 24 h prior to CCNU administration protected against CCNU-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, the levels of serum GOT, GPT, and bilirubin were only 2.5 and 4 times higher than in untreated or PB-treated controls. Histopathological examination also showed reduced severity of bile duct lesions in PB-pretreated animals. In rats receiving both PB and CCNU, bile flow was restored and BSP clearance was increased compared to the CCNU-treated rats. The mixed-function oxidase activity in PB + CCNU-treated rats was not significantly different from that in PB-treated controls. It is concluded that pretreatment of rats with PB can markedly suppress the hepatotoxic manifestations, including histopathological changes, the rise in serum bilirubin, and the cholestasis observed in CCNU-treated rats.
Trajectory Reconstruction with a Least Squares Sliding Window (LSSW) Filter

Trajectory reconstruction is essential for verifying the accuracy of missile system simulations. This paper presents an innovative method for performing trajectory reconstruction from flight test data, using a unique application of the least squares approach. The filter design allows variable order in addition to adjustable bandwidth. The filter was tested using a typical TBM (Tactical Ballistic Missile) trajectory. Results show that the filter has excellent noise rejection properties. In addition, the higher order states allow for improved extrapolation capabilities. The filter is very useful in processing noisy data with irregular data rates and drop-outs to produce a smooth output trajectory (including higher order states) at a uniform data rate.
On Finite Groups Uhose Number of Maximal Order Elements Being Eight

In this paper,we study such finite groups with the number of maximal order elements being eight and obtain the structure of such finite groups.In particular,we prove that such finite groups are solvable.\;
Time course and predictors of use of erectile dysfunction treatment in a Veterans Affairs medical center.

Time course and predictors of use of erectile dysfunction treatment in a Veterans Affairs medical center