cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Storage iron kinetics. IV. Cellular distribution of ferritin iron stores in rat liver.

SummaryA study has been undertaken in rats to determine the distribution of ferritin iron stores between reticuloendothelial and parenchymal cells of the liver. After selective radioiron labeling of the reticuloendothelial cell ferritin compartment with heat-damaged erythrocytes, the ratio of specific activities of ferritin extracted from whole liver and from isolated Kupffer cells provided a measure of the size of ferritin iron stores within each cellular compartment. Kupffer cells were found to account for only 2.6% of total hepatic ferritin, indicating that in the rat, hepatic ferritin can be equated with parenchymal ferritin stores.
Broken Light Urbanization, Waste, and Violence in Lewis Baltz’s Nevada Portfolios

Lewis Baltz’s photographic portfolios Nevada (1977) and Near Reno (1986) anticipate the work Richard Misrach and Peter Goin each composed in the state of Nevada in the early 1990s: from shot-up junk, to the military theater of Bravo 20, to the Nevada Test Site, these image-makers represented topographies of violence in the desert. This essay offers a close reading of Baltz’s Nevada images to consider the way light and waste in the landscape are mobilized to register how sociohistorical discourses of the desert perhaps make such spaces vulnerable to urbanization and how these tropes encode the process in a language of violence.
Intelligent HVDC Valve Control System Using Partial Reconfiguration Technology

Through the analysis of the HVDC converter valve control system,according to the status of smart grid development of domestic and latest technology of FPGA,we propose an HVDC converter valve intelligent control system on the basis of partial reconfiguration.According to the partial reconfiguration,the system can work in stable state and simultaneously can update or modify its protocol or interface design,so as to avoid shutting down the power.Also partial reconfiguration technology can reduce FPGA resource occupation,reducing product development cost.The SOC architecture can increase the system flexibility and reduce system development and debugging time.Its physical layer and link layer can be realized for all major domestic smart grid communication protocols,and are communicated with the existing smart grid interoperability.The system is currently used in the HVDC converter station and experiments,and its mature and stable system framework can be applied to HCDC converter,but also the other devices in smart grid.
Cell surface “blanket” of apolipoprotein E on rat adrenocortical cells.

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is expressed at high levels by adrenocortical cells. In the present study, an affinity-purified antibody to rat apoE was used in combination with immunogold visualization at both the light and electron microscopic levels to determine the cellular and subcellular distribution of apoE within the rat adrenal cortex. At the light microscopic level, apoE was found primarily in z. fasciculata and z. reticularis with little or none detected in z. glomerulosa and medulla. Within the z. fasciculata and z. reticularis, apoE was present in the cytoplasm of all parenchymal cells. ApoE also was found on the cell surface both on the sinusoidal front and in regions well removed from the subendothelial space. Electron microscopic examination of the z. fasciculata showed that apoE on the sinusoidal front was on the parenchymal cell surface but not the endothelial cell. Cell surface apoE was prominent on microvilli as well as non-microvillar regions of plasma membrane in the subendothelial space. ApoE was also associated with the cell surface in intercellular spaces continuous with but well removed from the subendothelial space. These findings at the light and electron microscopic levels suggest that the z. fasciculata cell is encircled or covered with apoE on all faces of the cell. These results are consistent with the idea that this cell surface "blanket" of apoE participates in the uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol by either the endocytic or selective uptake pathways.
Wholesale electricity market design with increasing levels of renewable generation: Incentivizing flexibility in system operations

Abstract This paper discusses the importance and challenges of incentivizing flexibility during short-term operations of the bulk power system due to the increasing variability and uncertainty from growing penetrations of variable generation (VG). Operational flexibility can refer to many aspects of a resource’s capability to support the power system, such as the speed, range, and duration of power output, as well as the ability to autonomously respond to frequency or voltage changes. Inefficient utilization of existing flexibility, or unwillingness of resources to provide flexibility, can compromise system reliability by not meeting the changing net load, and it can also lead to higher costs when an inefficient use of flexibility resources occurs. There are many existing characteristics of market design that incentivize flexibility in some manner. How they incentivize the provision of flexibility as well as the level of flexibility is still debated. We explore some of these existing market designs, as well as new market mechanisms, such as pay-for-performance regulating reserve and flexible ramping products, that aim to explicitly incentivize the provision of more flexibility to the system, particularly as a result of increasing VG penetration levels.
Spectrophotometric investigation of pulsatile blood flow for transcutaneous reflectance oximetry.

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (OS) is defined as the ratio of the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) to the total hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the blood. Continuous, rapid, accurate and noninvasive monitoring of OS is important physiologically and clinically in the evaluation of total oxygen availability to vital organs. The principal technique in present clinical use to measure OS involves taking a blood sample and analysing it usually with an optical transmission oximeter. This method is based on the different absorption spectra between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, as shown in Figure 1. While this technique is adequate for many clinical situations, it has the major limitation that measurements are made on discrete blood samples and thus continuous monitoring of OS cannot be achieved.
The East Liverpool pottery district: Identification of manufacturers and marks

The potteries of the East Liverpool district were the largest domestic producers of ceramic toilet and table wares between 1890 and 1940. This volume is a study of the manufacturers and marks of that district. It includes a brief history of the local pottery industry from its inception in 1840 to the present, skeletal histories of 85 individual firms, and photographs of 993 known marks utilized by these companies. This treatise is designed to provide a reference for the identification and interpretation of archaeological data. It also contains peripheral appendices to facilitate effective use of the publication.
A phase-field formulation for fracture in ductile materials: Finite deformation balance law derivation, plastic degradation, and stress triaxiality effects

Abstract Phase-field models have been a topic of much research in recent years. Results have shown that these models are able to produce complex crack patterns in both two and three dimensions. A number of extensions from brittle to ductile materials have been proposed and results are promising. To date, however, these extensions have not accurately represented strains after crack initiation or included important aspects of ductile fracture such as stress triaxiality. This work introduces a number of contributions to further develop phase-field models for fracture in ductile materials. These contributions include: a cubic degradation function that provides a stress–strain response prior to crack initiation that more closely approximates linear elastic behavior, a derivation of the governing equations in terms of a general energy potential from balance laws that describe the kinematics of both the body and phase-field, introduction of a yield surface degradation function that provides a mechanism for plastic softening and corrects the non-physical elastic deformations after crack initiation, a proposed mechanism for including a measure of stress triaxiality as a driving force for crack initiation and propagation, and a correction to an error in the configuration update of an elastoplastic return-mapping algorithm for J 2 flow theory. We also present a heuristic time stepping scheme that facilitates computations that require a relatively long load time prior to crack initiation. A number of numerical results will be presented that demonstrate the effects of these contributions.
Learning complex stand-up motion for humanoid robots

In order for humanoid robots to complete various assigned tasks without any human assistance, they must have the ability to stand up on their own. In this abstract, we introduce complex stand-up motion of humanoid robots learned by using Reinforcement Learning.
Wasáse: Indigenous pathways of action and freedom

In Wasase: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom, Taiaiake Alfred develops a political theory, rooted in Indigenous experience, in which he calls for Indigenous peoples’ self-determination. In ...
Draft Genome Sequence of Methanobrevibacter smithii Isolate WWM1085, Obtained from a Human Stool Sample.

ABSTRACT Methanobrevibacter smithii is a common inhabitant of the human gut. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of M. smithii isolate WWM1085, obtained from a human stool sample. This sequence will improve our understanding of the genetic diversity of this human-associated methanogen.
American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care: A Paradigm Shift in the Dissemination of Information.

It is well understood that diabetes is a complex, chronic illness in which glycemic control reduces the development and progression of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Achieving risk reduction requires continuous medical care and self-management, with multifactorial risk-management strategies beyond just glycemic control, including lifestyle changes and cardiovascular risk reduction. Given the current knowledge of what is required to reduce complications, improve quality of life, and prevent progression to overt disease states, it is important that providers caring for people with diabetes have the latest and most updated clinical translation of the evidence as they consider the day-to-day management of their patients. In this regard, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has been actively involved in the development and dissemination of diabetes care standards, guidelines, and related documents to support and improve patient care for over 25 years. Specifically, the ADA’s “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes,” referred to as the Standards of Care, has always been intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payers, and other interested individuals with evidence-based information on all aspects of diabetes care, general treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care (1). The recent acceleration of the pace of new information being released regarding diabetes care and research has been startling. To put this in perspective, the first ADA Standards of Care, published in 1989, provided recommendations based on the available evidence at that time and filled only four pages in Diabetes Care (2). In the most recent update, 28 years later, the document is well over 170 pages! Over 40 new type 2 diabetes treatment options have been approved since 2005 (3), not even counting advances in technology, such as continuous glucose monitoring. In the last year alone, there have been many significant changes to the Standards of Care, and the 2018 version …
Speech Adaptation to Kinematic Recording Sensors: Perceptual and Acoustic Findings.

Purpose This study used perceptual and acoustic measures to examine the time course of speech adaptation after the attachment of electromagnetic sensor coils to the tongue, lips, and jaw. Method Tw...
B. F. Skinner — The Butcher, the Baker, the Behavior-Shaper

Once upon a time in the land of Psi there lived a very famous baker named Fred. Fred the baker was known from far and wide as the very best baker in the land. His skill at baking was unmatched for he could produce loaves of any size or shape — long and thin bread sticks, round Kaiser rolls, crescent-shaped croissants, twisted oval loaves, and so on. His famous motto was: “Give me the unkneaded dough and in time I can produce any kind of loaf of bread desired.” Fred called this process ‘shaping’.
Psychobiological aspects of lactation in rats.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the lactating female rat's responsiveness to stress and diurnal rhythm in pituitary-adrenal activity and in behavior, functions that are regulated in part by hypothalamic mechanisms. The psychobiology of the postpartum rat is studied most extensively with respect to maternal behavior. Care of the offspring and lactation are dramatic and demanding states entailing numerous behavioral and physiological changes, but only the principal changes are studied in detail. Alterations in the neuroendocrine function of the pituitary–adrenal system are observed during lactation. The pronounced circadian rhythm in plasma corticosterone level in rats is almost obliterated by lactation. It was found that ovarian progesterone does not play a role in these changes during lactation and that the state of lactation protects the female from the effects of estrogen on pituitary-adrenal activity It is possible that prolactin plays a significant role in the observed alterations in neuroendocrine function.
Between-session reliability of opto-electronic motion capture in measuring sagittal posture and 3-D ranges of motion of the thoracolumbar spine

Abstract This study evaluated between-session reliability of opto-electronic motion capture to measure trunk posture and three-dimensional ranges of motion (ROM). Nineteen healthy participants aged 24–74 years underwent spine curvature, pelvic tilt and trunk ROM measurements on two separate occasions. Rigid four-marker clusters were attached to the skin overlying seven spinous processes, plus single markers on pelvis landmarks. Rigid body rotations of spine marker clusters were calculated to determine neutral posture and ROM in flexion, extension, total lateral bending (left-right) and total axial rotation (left-right). Segmental spine ROM values were in line with previous reports using opto-electronic motion capture. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated as measures of between-session reliability and measurement error, respectively. Retroreflective markers showed fair to excellent between-session reliability to measure thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic tilt (ICC = 0.82, 0.63, and 0.54, respectively). Thoracic and lumbar segments showed highest reliabilities in total axial rotation (ICC = 0.78) and flexion-extension (ICC = 0.77–0.79) ROM, respectively. Pelvic segment showed highest ICC values in flexion (ICC = 0.78) and total axial rotation (ICC = 0.81) trials. Furthermore, it was estimated that four or fewer repeated trials would provide good reliability for key ROM outcomes, including lumbar flexion, thoracic and lumbar lateral bending, and thoracic axial rotation. This demonstration of reliability is a necessary precursor to quantifying spine kinematics in clinical studies, including assessing changes due to clinical treatment or disease progression.
Knowledge about age-related decline in fertility and oocyte cryopreservation: A national survey

Context: Women worldwide are delaying childbearing, but are they aware of the age-related decline in fertility? Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate awareness of age-related decline in fertility and oocyte cryopreservation. Settings and Design: A primary analysis of a cross-sectional electronic survey with a nationally representative sample of nulliparous women aged 25–45 years. Subjects and Methods: A national online survey performed March 4–March 9, 2016. Statistical Analysis Used: A linear regression model and ANOVA tests were performed. Results: A total of 1213 women completed the survey. A significant difference was discovered in fecundity knowledge between women who identified as in a partnership compared to those who did not. Partnered women were more likely to respond “know a lot” about the age-related decline in fertility, whereas unpartnered women were more likely to respond “never heard of it” (P
The Quest for a Universal Theory of Life: Searching for Life as We Don't Know It

Integrating both scientific and philosophical perspectives, this book provides an informed analysis of the challenges of formulating a universal theory of life. Among the issues discussed are crucial differences between definitions and scientific theories and, in the context of examples from the history of science, how successful general theories develop. The central problem discussed is two-fold: first, our understanding of life is still tacitly wedded to an antiquated Aristotelian framework for biology; and second, there are compelling reasons for considering that familiar Earth life, which descends from a last universal common ancestor, is unrepresentative. What is needed are examples of life as we don't know it. Potential sources are evaluated, including artificial life, extraterrestrial life, and a shadow biosphere right here on Earth, and a novel strategy for searching for unfamiliar life in the absence of a definition or general theory is developed. The book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers studying the nature, origins, and extent of life in the universe.
Social Participation Among Adults Aging With Long-Term Physical Disability: The Role of Socioenvironmental Factors.

Objective: This study examined the environmental barriers and facilitators that hinder or promote participation among adults aging with physical disabilities. Method: Data come from an ongoing stud...
AORTIC PSEUDOANEURYSM IN A PATIENT FOLLOWING VALVE IN VALVE TAVR, A UNIQUE PRESENTATION OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with surgical or transcatheter valves. However, the diagnosis can be challenging, though should be suspected in patients with incidentally discovered pseudoaneurysm after TAVR. A 72 year old male with a
Evaluating the Evidence: A Module Designed to Teach the Translation of Research into Evidence Based Practice in Undergraduate Dietetics Students

Objectives Evidenced based practice is an essential component of medical nutrition therapy. The use of evidenced based practice enhances the credibility of dietitians with other healthcare team members and helps dietitians be more effective in their practice. However, little has been published on effective techniques used to teach future or currently practicing dietitians how to evaluate the quality of evidence and decide whether or not it is appropriate to use results in patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a module created to teach the skills necessary to translate research into evidenced based practice.
Fabrication and application of single crystal fiber via laser heated pedestal growth system

Single crystal fiber has a wide range of applications spanning from high temperature sensing, radiation sensing in harsh environment, high power laser and power delivery, medical and chemical application, and imaging applications. Nevertheless, the potential of single crystal fiber has not been fully explored in part because of the limited facilities available for custom growth of high quality, low loss, and custom fiber chemistries and geometries. The presentation provides an overview of recent work and current state of the art on growth of single crystal oxide fibers using various techniques. A discussion of recent progress in applications of single crystal fibers was also presented spanning harsh environment sensing, radiation sensing, and fiber lasers. In this paper, we also overview establishment of a Laser Heated Pedestal Growth system at University of Pittsburgh including the online monitoring of the fiber growth process and discuss important process parameters for future process optimization. We demonstrate the growth of single crystal fiber from a polycrystalline source rod which may be a more affordable and flexible method in the future.
The COVID-19 vaccine and interventional procedures: Exploring the relationship between steroid administration and subsequent vaccine efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: Collate available evidence and provide guidance on whether to delay steroid injections after receiving a vaccine, and whether to delay vaccination if a recent steroid injection has been administered, leaving formal recommendations to various national societies. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify information pertinent to steroid administration and the subsequent downstream effects on vaccine efficacy. The search was initiated on December 20, 2020, and the terms used were (steroid OR cortisone OR dexamethasone) AND (vaccine). The studies were limited to articles in the English language. RESULTS: Six studies specifically addressed the effect of steroids on vaccine efficacy. Three of the 6 studies indicated that steroids could be used during the peri-vaccine period without significant suppression of the immune response. One study associated intra-articular steroid injections with an increased risk of developing influenza even when vaccinated. The remaining 2 studies had mixed findings. One study showed that patients who received dexamethasone, but not prednisolone were able to mount an immune response resulting in increased IgG. Another study showed that vaccine efficacy was maintained if patients were on continuous steroids or steroids after vaccination, but not if they stopped steroids prior to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no shared consensus in the studies reviewed, all but one study noted scenarios in which patients receiving steroids can still be successfully vaccinated.
Insulin NPH for steroid-induced hyperglycemia: Predictors for success.

Study objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of insulin neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) for steroid-induced hyperglycemia and identify factors associated with achievement of euglycemia. Design Retrospective, single center, cohort analysis. Setting Quaternary care academic medical center. Patients Adult patients with steroid-induced hyperglycemia on combination therapy of an intermediate-acting steroid and once daily NPH. Intervention The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who achieved euglycemia on day 3 of combination therapy. Patients were divided into euglycemic and dysglycemic cohorts based on the primary outcome. Univariate analysis on baseline characteristics, NPH dose, and steroid dose based on prednisone equivalent dose (PED) was conducted to identify differences between the cohorts. Safety analysis was conducted to detect differences between the two cohorts. Measurements and main results Of 142 patients included in the primary analysis, 50 (35.2%) achieved euglycemia on day 3 of combination therapy. In univariate analysis, patients who achieved euglycemia had significantly higher median NPH dose standardized to steroid dose on day 1 (0.5 units/mg PED [25%-75% interquartile range (IQR) 0.4-0.8] vs 0.4 units/mg PED [0.2-0.8]; p = 0.046), lower median blood glucose prior to combination therapy on day 3 (111 mg/dl [96-160] vs 136 mg/dl [113-198]; p = 0.008), and lower median blood glucose 4 hours after administration of combination therapy on day 3 (147 mg/dl [116-197] vs 190 mg/dl [153-245]; p = 0.003) compared to patients who did not achieve euglycemia, respectively. Hypoglycemia and life-threatening hypoglycemia occurred at similar rates between the two cohorts. Conclusions Neutral protamine Hagedorn is a safe and efficacious option for acute care hospitalized patients experiencing steroid-induced hyperglycemia. More aggressive dosing initiation of NPH based on steroid dose may allow for earlier achievement of euglycemia without a difference in hypoglycemia.
EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY-LIKE SYNDROME IN FOUR CAPTIVE TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS).

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition characterized by a decreased synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes, which results in weight loss, poor hair coat, and diarrhea. The diagnostic test of choice for EPI in domestic cats is feline serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI). This paper details four tigers (Panthera tigris) with clinical signs compatible with EPI. On the basis of domestic cat reference ranges, fTLI assays for all four clinically affected tigers were diagnostic for EPI (median 1.0 µg/L; range 0.5–1.2 µg/L). All four tigers had a rapid clinical response to pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Serum from 10 clinically healthy tigers was submitted for the fTLI assay, for comparative purposes. The healthy tigers' fTLI assays were also within range for a diagnosis of EPI in domestic cats (median 3.1 µg/L; range 1.9–4.5 µg/L); however, clinically affected tigers had significantly lower serum fTLI concentrations than healthy tigers (P = 0.0058). Serum cobalamin was below the detection limit in both the affected and healthy tigers (<150 ng/L). Measuring fTLI appears to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of EPI-like syndrome in tigers. As in other species, EPI-like syndrome in tigers may also be associated with cobalamin deficiency.
Hydroclimate response in Texas and Gulf of Mexico to rapid warming during the last deglacial: High-resolution speleothem proxy and monitoring evidence

Abstract Cave calcite (i.e., speleothem) proxy records that span abrupt warming events, such as those of the last deglacial, may prologue regional responses of hydroclimate to 21st century warming. Proxy reliability is advanced by an understanding of the modern hydrologic system and controls on calcite growth. Here we integrate monitoring of Cave CWN in central Texas with high-resolution imaging and δ18O analysis of Stalagmite CWN-4 to understand how regional hydroclimate changed during a rapid deglacial warming event - the transition from Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) to the Bolling-Allerod (BA) warm period. This event is recorded in CWN-4 as a rapid negative δ18O excursion of 1.7‰ over ∼210 years (HS1-BA δ18O excursion = ‘HBO’), followed by a 6-fold growth rate increase. Monitoring demonstrates that modern calcite grows during cool seasons, growth rates follow drip rate, and drip water and calcite δ18O reflect the δ18O of recharge. Because drip waters have interannual epikarst residence times, their δ18O values are well-mixed averages of their Gulf of Mexico (GoM) moisture source δ18O values, which rapidly decreased during Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) melting events. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy imaging indicates that growth lamina are seasonal within U-series age constraints. The timing of the HBO (14.75 ± 0.08 to 14.54 ± 0.08 ka), corresponds with 1) the onset of Bolling warming in Greenland (14.64 ka), 2) AMOC reinvigoration (∼14.61–14.25 ka), 3) Meltwater Pulse 1a (14.65–14.31 ka), and 4) Meltwater Flood 3 (MWF-3) - the most intense episode of LIS meltwater discharge into the GoM (14.97–14.46 ka). The rapid increase in growth rates following the HBO indicates an abrupt transition to a wetter hydroclimate in central Texas following these regional and global events. The HBO δ18O excursion occurred monotonically, consistent with meltwater discharge being continuous. This excursion also corresponds with climate change recognized across the HS1-BA transition in marine and terrestrial records influenced by changes in North Atlantic climate, AMOC, and ITCZ migrations. We infer that central Texas deglacial hydroclimate largely followed changes in AMOC, linked via meltwater input to the GoM. Periods of fast (slow) speleothem growth coincide with warmer (cooler) North Atlantic episodes, with the exception of the HS1 to BA transition. For this transition, slow growth rates during MWF-3 may reflect protracted cooling of GoM SST and corresponding atmospheric moisture reduction. The common timing and duration of the HBO with shifts toward wetter conditions across the HS1-BA transition in many northern Hemisphere climate records supports common ocean-atmosphere teleconnections related to AMOC intensity.
microRNAs and cartilage.

microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that in the last decade have emerged as overarching regulators of gene expression. Their abundance, ability to repress a large number of target genes and overlapping target specificity indicate a complex network of interactions that is still being defined. A number of studies focused on the role of microRNAs in cartilage have identified a small number, including miR-140 and -675 as playing important roles in regulation of cartilage homeostasis and together with the broader description of the activity of microRNAs in other tissues are beginning to define the function of microRNAs in cartilage development and homeostasis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1333–1344, 2013.
Local Imbalance of Proangiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors: A Potential Mechanism of Focal Necrosis and Dormancy in Tumors

Solid tumors produce both stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The suppression of metastases by some primary tumors has been attributed to the longer circulatory half-lives of the inhibitors. We propose that intrinsic differences in the physicochemical properties of these regulators may also explain focal suppression of angiogenesis within the primary tumor. We present a mathematical framework that describes production, diffusion, and degradation of these factors in tumor and host tissue and their effect on angiogenesis at local and distal sites. Results show focal suppression of angiogenesis, provide an explanation for tumor dormancy and focal necrosis, and predict a suppressive influence of primary tumors on angiogenesis at metastatic sites. They suggest generally that diffusible factors produced by tumors can stimulate responses in adjacent host tissue, preparing it for further tumor invasion. This study presents a new paradigm for the development of tumor necrosis and offers new insight into angiogenesis regulation and therapy. The framework established for modeling the competing effects of diffusible stimulators and inhibitors can be applied more generally to growth factors/inhibitors and other opposing factors produced in the tumor environment.
The Integral in One Variable

Let F 0 be a subspace of a normed vector space F. It occurs in many contexts in mathematics that one is given a linear map L: F 0 → E which one wants to extend to the closure of F 0. It occurs especially in the context of integration theory, which we study in this chapter. We begin by systematizing the general framework.
Summertime Response of Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand to Urban Expansion in a Semiarid Environment

AbstractThis article explores regional impacts on near-surface air temperature and air conditioning (AC) electricity consumption due to projected urban expansion in a semiarid environment. In addition to the modern-day urban landscape setting, two projected urban expansion scenarios are analyzed with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled to a multilayer building energy scheme. The authors simulate a 10-day extreme heat period at high spatial resolution (1-km horizontal grid spacing) over Arizona, one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States. Results show that replacement of natural land surfaces by buildings and pavement increases the local mean near-surface air temperature considerably. Furthermore, present-day waste heat emission from AC systems increases the mean nighttime 2-m air temperature by up to 1°C in some urban locations, but projected urban development aggravates the situation, increasing nighttime air temperatures by up to 1.5°–1.75°C. The contribution of anthropogenic...
Anti-HLA antibody testing in hematology patients

Anti-human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies can adversely impact the care of hematology patients. In particular, HLA antibody testing provides important information for optimal stem cell and platelet donor selection in the management of stem cell recipients and platelet refractory patients. Current testing methods for HLA antibodies are briefly reviewed, with particular emphasis on laboratory and clinical issues associated with solid-phase multiplex assays.
Parent Perceptions of Inclusive Practices for Their Children with Significant Cognitive Disabilities

While there has been a recent trend toward inclusive educational placements for students with significant cognitive disabilities, little information exists regarding parent perceptions of such practices. This article reviews the construction and analysis of a scale designed to encourage research in this area. An examination of three dimensions of perceptions assessed by the scale found that parents were more positive regarding the impact of inclusion on mutual social benefits, acceptance, and treatment of their child and more apprehensive regarding the impact of inclusion on the quality of educational services their child receives. Discussion includes how these findings may offer insight into reasoning used by some parents when considering the benefits of more inclusive educational placements for their own children.
Race and the religious contexts of violence: linking religion and White, Black, and Latino violent crime

Research has demonstrated that concentrated disadvantage and other measures are strongly associated with aggregate-level rates of violence, including across racial and ethnic groups. Less studied is the impact of cultural factors, including religious contextual measures. The current study addresses several key gaps in prior literature by utilizing race/ethnic-specific arrest data from California, New York, and Texas paired with religious contextual data from the Religious Congregations and Memberships Survey (RCMS). Results suggest that, net of important controls, (1) religious contextual measures have significant crime-reducing associations with violence, (2) these associations are race/ethnic-specific, and (3) religious contextual measures moderate the criminogenic association between disadvantage and violence for Blacks. Implications for future research are discussed.
Mathematical aspects of chiral gauge theories on the lattice

For two decades it was believed that chiral symmetries cannot be realized in lattice field theory but this has changed now. Highlights of these new developments will be presented with emphasis on the mathematical structure of the so called ``overlap''.
Getting Prices Right: What Should Be Done?

Much of the profession accepts that the CPI likely overstates the rate of increase of the cost-of-living. It is less clear that there are sound and feasible steps that the BLS can adopt to improve matters in the short run. There are unresolved conceptual and identification problems in the measurement of quality. Superlative price indexes are not feasible, and feasible approximations are not superlative, and may not even be better. The need for a single index that aggregates over heterogeneous consumers with different incomes, tastes, and needs casts serious doubt on the cost-of-living approach.
Sensitivity analysis of transmissibility functions for structural damage detection

In order to assess structural safety conditions, many vibration-based damage detection methods have been developed in recent years. Among these methods, transmissibility function analysis can utilize output data only, and proves to be effective in damage detection. However, previous research mostly focused on experimental validation of using transmissibility function for damage detection. Very few studies are devoted to analytically investigating its performance for damage detection. In this paper, a spring-mass-damper model with multiple degrees-of-freedom is formulated for further analytical studies on the damage sensitivity of transmissibility functions. The sensitivity of transmissibility function against structural mass and stiffness change is analytically derived and validated by numerical examples.
Lepton-flavor-violating decays of Z 0 and τ

We examine a class of extended electroweak models in which lepton flavors are violated due to neutral gauge bosons which do not couple universally to the fermion generations. It is shown that the decays ${Z}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\mu} and \ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}+(\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{},${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$,. . .) can occur with sizable branching ratios (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$). Relations amongst these decay modes are also obtained.
Channel dependent adaptive modulation and coding without channel state information at the transmitter

In this paper, we consider the problem of communicating over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with an unknown noise power without feedback. For the case where the noise power is drawn from a distribution with K distinct values, we model the channel as a K-user broadcast channel, with a user for each of the K possible noise powers. We propose two metrics for measuring the loss of using a broadcast code compared to an omniscient transmitter. Using these metrics, we solve for the optimal power allocation in a superposition code. For the case of K = 2, we prove several interesting properties of the optimal power allocation and the minimum loss.
The One-Year Attributable Cost of Post-stroke Dysphagia

With the recent emphasis on evidence-based practice and healthcare reform, understanding the cost of dysphagia management has never been more important. It is helpful for clinicians to understand and objectively report the costs associated with dysphagia when they advocate for their services in this economy. Having carefully estimated cost of illness, inputs are needed for cost-effectiveness analyses that help support the value of treatments. This study sought to address this issue by examining the 1-year cost associated with a diagnosis of dysphagia post-stroke in South Carolina. Furthermore, this study investigated whether ethnicity and residence differences exist in the cost of dysphagia post-stroke. Data on 3,200 patients in the South Carolina Medicare database from 2004 who had ICD-9 codes for ischemic stroke, 434 and 436, were retrospectively included in this study. Differences between persons with and without dysphagia post-stroke were compared with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, mortality, length of stay, comorbidity, rurality, discharge disposition, and cost to Medicare. Univariate analyses and a gamma-distributed generalized linear multivariable model with a log link function were completed. We found that the 1-year cost to Medicare for persons with dysphagia post ischemic stroke was $4,510 higher than that for persons without dysphagia post ischemic stroke when controlling for age, comorbidities, ethnicity, and proportion of time alive. Univariate analysis revealed that rurality, ethnicity, and gender were not statistically significantly different in comparisons of individuals with or without dysphagia post-stroke. Post-stroke dysphagia significantly increases post-stroke medical expenses. Understanding the expenditures associated with post-stroke dysphagia is helpful for optimal allocation and use of resources. Such information is needed to conduct cost-effectiveness studies.
The chromosomal integration site for the Streptomyces plasmid SLP1 is a functional tRNATyr gene essential for cell viability

The genetic element SLP1 exists in nature as a single DNA segment integrated into the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor. Upon mating with Streptomyces lividans, a closely related species, SLP1 undergoes precise excision from its chromosomal site and is transferred into the recipient where it integrates chromosomally. Previous work has shown that integration and excision involve site-specific recombination between a chromosomal site, attB, and a virtually identical sequence, attP, on SLP1. We demonstrate here by means of gene replacement that a tRNA(Tyr) sequence that overlaps part of the attB site of S. lividans is both biologically functional and essential for cell viability. The requirement for this tRNA gene has been used to stabilize the inheritance of a segrationally unstable plasmid in cells lacking a chromosomal attB site. The evolution of an essential DNA locus as an attachment site for a chromosomally integrating genetic element represents a novel mechanism of biological adaptation.
Transport current properties of silver-sheathed BiPbSrCaCuO wire and coil

Abstract High J c silver-sheathed BiPbSrCaCuO superconducting wires have been developed. The maximum critical current densities at 77.3 K were 4.7 × 10 4 A cm −2 in zero magnetic field, 3.1 × 10 4 A cm −2 at 0.1 T and 1.1 × 10 4 A cm −2 at 1 T. At 4.2 K, the maximum critical current density was 1.03 × 10 5 A cm −2 at 23 T. The anisotropy of critical current density for different magnetic field directions was only 30% at 4.2 K, even at 23 T. Long wires, for example a 60 m wire, were fabricated and different types of coils and conductors were made and tested over a wide temperature range from 4.2 to 77.3 K. This revealed that one could obtain coils generating over 1000 G, conductors transporting over 600 A at 77.3 K operation, current leads transporting over 1500 A with small helium consumption and superhigh field coils generating over 20 T at 4.2 K operation.
Maternal responsivity in mothers of young children with Down syndrome

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine maternal responsivity and directive behaviors in mothers of children with Down syndrome (DS).Methods: Participants included 22 mothers with a young child with DS compared to 22 mothers of chronologically age-matched typically developing (TD) children using a cross-sectional design. The dyads participated in videotaped structured activities that were coded for responsive and directive behaviors.Results: Results indicated that the mothers of children with DS used a more facilitative style with the older children while these behaviors decreased with older children with TD; one directive behavior, request for behavioral comply, increased with the older children with DS.Conclusion: The mothers of children with DS adapted their parenting style to be facilitative of their children's linguistic development.
First step in optimizing LNG storages for offshore terminals

Abstract The development of new LNG offshore facilities addresses new technical challenges that need to be deeply investigated to overcome the new constraints raised from the offshore operability. One of the key issues concerns the management of LNG storages. As future offshore LNG projects could be implemented in areas with harsh environmental conditions, the motions of the floating structure combined to the design and operating parameters should widely affect the behavior of the LNG inside partially filled tanks. Therefore, the knowledge available from onshore LNG storages has to be completed taking into account the offshore environment. The first concern deals with the production of Boil-Off Gas (BOG) during LNG’s unloading and storage operations under offshore conditions, where specific offshore parameters would contribute in increasing the production of BOG. For that purpose, a new optimized LNG storage process based on an increased operating pressure (P = 500 mbarg) in the TRITON FSRU’s tanks has been investigated during LNG’s unloading and storage operations with LNG emission. It mainly showed that by operating at 500 mbarg, the production of BOG is nearly 4 times reduced during unloading operations compared to LNG carrier standard operating pressure (100 mbarg) and nearly suppressed during the storage phase. The second concern deals with managing the rollover risk under offshore conditions. In this context, GDF SUEZ performed a pioneer qualitative assessment to highlight the impact of the liquid motion on the rollover mechanisms in the TRITON FSRU’s tanks. The liquid motion completely modifies the mixing mechanisms in LNG stratified layers. The mixing is no longer governed by the molecular diffusion induced by the thermal effects but by the dynamic flow effects induced by the fluid wave movement into the layers. Moreover, this assessment showed that the time needed for a stratification to evolve up to a complete mix is severely reduced compared to the onshore LNG storage while the assessment of the induced BOG peak depends as usual on the energy stored in the stratification when being mixed and could be of the same order of magnitude as for onshore rollover.
Human herpesvirus 8 glycoprotein B binds the entry receptor DC-SIGN

We have previously shown that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) uses DC-SIGN as an entry receptor for dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. The viral attachment protein for DC-SIGN is unknown. HHV-8 virions contain five conserved herpesvirus glycoproteins, a single unique glycoprotein, and two predicted glycoproteins. Previous studies have shown that DC-SIGN binds highly mannosylated glycoproteins. The HHV-8 glycoprotein B (gB) has been reported to be highly mannosylated, and therefore we hypothesized that gB will bind to DC-SIGN. In this report we confirm that gB has a high mannose carbohydrate structure and demonstrate for the first time that it binds DC-SIGN in a dose-dependent manner. We also identify key amino acids in the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain that are required for HHV-8 infection and compare these results with published binding regions for ICAM-2/3 and HIV-1 gp120. These results clarify some of the initial events in HHV-8 entry and can be used for the design of targeted preventive therapies.
An ecosystem model for tropical forest disturbance and selective logging

[1] A new three-dimensional version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model (CASA-3D) was developed to simulate regional carbon cycling in tropical forest ecosystems after disturbances such as logging. CASA-3D has the following new features: (1) an alternative approach for calculating absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) using new high-resolution satellite images of forest canopy gap fraction; (2) a pulse disturbance module to modify aboveground carbon pools following forest disturbance; (3) a regrowth module that simulates changes in community composition by considering gap phase regeneration; and (4) a radiative transfer module to simulate the dynamic three-dimensional light environment above the canopy and within gaps after forest disturbance. The model was calibrated with and tested against field observations from experimental logging plots in the Large-scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) project. The sensitivity of key model parameters was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations, and the uncertainties in simulated NPP and respiration associated with model parameters and meteorological variables were assessed. We found that selective logging causes changes in forest architecture and composition that result in a cascading set of impacts on the carbon cycling of rainforest ecosystems. Our model sensitivity and uncertainty analyses also highlight the paramount importance of measuring changes in canopy gap fraction from satellite data, as well as canopy light-use efficiency from ecophysiological measurements, to understand the role of forest disturbance on landscape and regional carbon cycling in tropical forests. In sum, our study suggests that CASA-3D may be suitable for regional-scale applications to assess the large-scale effects of selective logging, to provide guidance for forest management, and to understand the role of forest disturbance in regional and global climate studies.