cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing Organizations by Changing Individuals: A Model of Leadership Training.

Through a grant from the Department of Health and Human Services, National-Louis University delivered a leadership training program to Head Start personnel in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. The model, which was grounded in adult learning theory, encouraged a facilitative role for the teaching faculty, active decision-making on the part of the participants, collegial support, and linkages between theory and practice. A social systems approach was used to promote the idea of leaders as change agents.
Determination of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in human plasma with a new hydrogen peroxide stabilization method.

Background: Numerous methods have been reported for the determination of artemether (ARM) and its metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in plasma. However, stability issues in patient plasma have not received enough attention. Results: An LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ARM and DHA in human plasma (K3EDTA) turned out to be problematic: ARM and DHA were degraded partially or completely in some patient plasma samples as indicated by the stable isotope-labeled internal standards. We postulated iron II (Fe2+) in hemoglobin or its derived products from malaria patients causes degradation of the drugs, and found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) protected the drugs from degradation. Acidifying plasma increased recovery of ARM significantly. Using only 50 µl of plasma sample, the method has a LLOQ at 0.5 ng/ml for both ARM and DHA. Conclusion: H2O2 is a stabilizing agent for artemisinin derivatives. The modified method is reliable and sensitive.
The new internal colonialism

Les revendications en ethnologie ne concernent pas seulement l'integration professionelle au sein d'un systeme structural d'inegalites mais surtout l'exigence de devoiler celui-ci et de le condamner. Ces revendications sont devenues un fait important mais on constate une negligence des etudes sur ce theme ainsi que la montee d'une sous-classe nombreuse de professionels au chomage ou en situation sociale marginale au sein de ce systeme. Cette sous-classe est placee en dehors de la corporation instituee et desolidarisee de cette derniere, et donc peu reconnue socialement. Cependant elle cotoie ses semblables lors de pratiques academiques (embauches exploitantes) mystifiees par des appels d'offre venant des institutions universitaires et de recherche, pratiques qui permettent de maintenir la formation et l'encadrement des etudiants. Afin d'apporter des reponses serieuses a ce probleme, l'A. decrit et analyse deux experiences, dont l'une le compromet. L'A. montre qu'une ethique professionelle digne de ce nom ne peut etre limitee a l'etude et a la representation des Autres ethnographiques, mais devrait etre conceptualisee afin de prendre en compte les tractations avec les collegues ethnologues.
Late-Time Convection in the Collapse of a 23 M☉ Star

The results of a three-dimensional SNSPH simulation of the core collapse of a 23 M☉ star are presented. This simulation did not launch an explosion until over 600 ms after collapse, allowing an ideal opportunity to study the evolution and structure of the convection below the accretion shock to late times. This late-time convection allows us to study several of the recent claims in the literature about the role of convection: is it dominated by an l = 1 mode driven by vortical-acoustic (or other) instability, does it produce strong neutron star kicks, and, finally, is it the key to a new explosion mechanism? The convective region buffets the neutron star, imparting a 150-200 km s-1 kick. Because the l = 1 mode does not dominate the convection, the neutron star does not achieve large (>450 km s-1) velocities. Finally, the neutron star in this simulation moves but does not develop strong oscillations, the energy source for a recently proposed supernova engine. We discuss the implications these results have for supernovae, hypernovae (and gamma-ray bursts), and stellar-mass black holes.
Corrigendum to “Complex contact Lie groups and generalized complex Heisenberg groups” [Differential Geom. Appl. 24 (2006) 443–446]

We restate and prove the main theorem of the paper “Complex contact Lie groups and generalized complex Heisenberg groups”.
Pancreatic islet transplantation

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease, which results in the permanent destruction of β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. While exogenous insulin therapy has dramatically improved the quality of life, chronic diabetic complications develop in a substantial proportion of subjects and these complications generally progress and worsen over time. Although intensive insulin therapy has proven effective to delay and sometimes prevent the progression of complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy or retinopathy, it is difficult to achieve and maintain long term in most subjects. Reasons for this difficulty include compliance issues and the increased risk of severe hypoglycemic episodes, which are generally associated with intensification of exogenous insulin therapy. Clinical studies have shown that transplantation of pancreas or purified pancreatic islets can support glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic patients. Islet transplantation carries the special advantages of being less invasive and resulting in fewer complications compared with the traditional pancreas or pancreas-kidney transplantation. However, islet transplantation efforts have limitations including the short supply of donor pancreata, the paucity of experienced islet isolation teams, side effects of immunosuppressants and poor long-term results. The purpose of this article is to review recent progress in clinical islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.
StreamFLO: an Euler solver for streaming architectures

The Computer Systems Laboratory at Stanford University in collaboration withthe Center for Integrated Turbulence Simulation is developing “Merrimac”, a new high-performance computer system, based on a streaming architecture, that could achieve animprovement of two orders of magnitude in cost/performance compared to the currentgeneration of supercomputer based on clusters of Symmetric Multiprocessors (SMP). Inparallel with the hardware development, a new stream programming language has beendeveloped, “Brook”. In order to realize the performance of a streaming supercomputer,applications need to be converted to a stream programming model. This paper presentsa short discussion of the proposed streaming architecture, our experience in re-coding acompressible Euler solver in the Brook programming language, and some preliminary re-sults of the performance of StreamFLO using a cycle-accurate simulator for the Merrimacsupercomputer.
Stabilization of Nanoscale Quasi-Liquid Interfacial Films in Inorganic Materials: A Review and Critical Assessment

Recent observations of three classes of nanometer-thick, disordered, interfacial films in multicomponent inorganic materials are reviewed and critically assessed. The three classes of films are equ...
The Formation of the Bicoid Morphogen Gradient Requires Protein Movement from Anteriorly Localized mRNA

The Bicoid morphogen gradient directs the patterning of cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo and serves as a paradigm of morphogen-mediated patterning. The simplest models of gradient formation rely on constant protein synthesis and diffusion from anteriorly localized source mRNA, coupled with uniform protein degradation. However, currently such models cannot account for all known gradient characteristics. Recent work has proposed that bicoid mRNA spatial distribution is sufficient to produce the observed protein gradient, minimizing the role of protein transport. Here, we adapt a novel method of fluorescent in situ hybridization to quantify the global spatio-temporal dynamics of bicoid mRNA particles. We determine that >90% of all bicoid mRNA is continuously present within the anterior 20% of the embryo. bicoid mRNA distribution along the body axis remains nearly unchanged despite dynamic mRNA translocation from the embryo core to the cortex. To evaluate the impact of mRNA distribution on protein gradient dynamics, we provide detailed quantitative measurements of nuclear Bicoid levels during the formation of the protein gradient. We find that gradient establishment begins 45 minutes after fertilization and that the gradient requires about 50 minutes to reach peak levels. In numerical simulations of gradient formation, we find that incorporating the actual bicoid mRNA distribution yields a closer prediction of the observed protein dynamics compared to modeling protein production from a point source at the anterior pole. We conclude that the spatial distribution of bicoid mRNA contributes to, but cannot account for, protein gradient formation, and therefore that protein movement, either active or passive, is required for gradient formation.
A surveillance system based on a short memory scheme

A surveillance system is proposed to detect an increase in the mean of a Poisson distribution of cases of a disease. This system, called short memory (SM), is based on conditional binomial tests which are performed sequentially at fixed time intervals. The probability of rejection at each test defines the run length distribution which has a geometric tail. A standard SM scheme outperforms other SM schemes. The CUSUM outperforms the SM schemes when the baseline mean is specified correctly. This type of misspecification does not affect the SM scheme.
Dendritic protein synthesis in the normal and diseased brain

Synaptic activity is a spatially limited process that requires a precise, yet dynamic, complement of proteins within the synaptic micro-domain. The maintenance and regulation of these synaptic proteins is regulated, in part, by local mRNA translation in dendrites. Protein synthesis within the postsynaptic compartment allows neurons tight spatial and temporal control of synaptic protein expression, which is critical for proper functioning of synapses and neural circuits. In this review, we discuss the identity of proteins synthesized within dendrites, the receptor-mediated mechanisms regulating their synthesis, and the possible roles for these locally synthesized proteins. We also explore how our current understanding of dendritic protein synthesis in the hippocampus can be applied to new brain regions and to understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying varied neurological diseases.
Exploring the Uses and Usefulness of ACTFL Oral Proficiency Ratings and Standards in College Foreign Language Departments.

: Oral proficiency ratings, based on the ACTFL Guidelines and derived from live or simulated oral proficiency interviews (SOPIs), enjoy widespread use in the United States. In particular, college foreign language departments have increasingly adopted oral proficiency ratings as a way of establishing standards for language or graduation requirements. In the study reported here, the authors explored the intended uses of proficiency-based standards in foreign language departments and reviewed the research on which specific ACTFL-level standards are based. They then examined the results of more than 100 SOPIs administered across all levels of instruction within one German foreign language department. The findings suggest that recommended proficiency standards may underestimate the potential and actual achievements of German language learners and miss other valued learning outcomes. The implications of these findings for the valid use of oral proficiency ratings in collegiate settings are discussed.
SOME LATE-TWENTIETH-CENTURY OPTIONS OPEN TO HISPANIC PHILOLOGY AND LINGUISTICS

In my consideration of options, I should like, above all, to avoid two pitfalls. First, with respect to foresight, I do not arrogate to myself the ability to predict any future course of events. Se...
Generation of Gevrey class semigroup by non‐selfadjoint Euler–Bernoulli beam model

Asymptotic and spectral properties of a non-selfadjoint operator that is a dynamics generator for the Euler–Bernoulli beam model of a finite length are studied in this paper. The hyperbolic equation, which governs the vibrations of the Euler–Bernoulli beam model, is supplied with a one-parameter family of physically meaningful boundary conditions containing damping terms. The initial boundary-value problem is equivalent to the evolution equation that generates a strongly continuous semigroup in the state space of the system. It is found that the semigroup, being non-analytic, belongs to Gevrey class semigroups. This means that the differentiability of such semigroup is slightly weaker than that of an analytic semigroup. In the forthcoming works, the results of the present paper will be applied (a) to the solution of the exact controllability problem for Euler–Bernoulli beam and (b) to spectral analysis of a planar network of serially connected Euler–Bernoulli beams modelling ‘flying wing configurations’ in aeronautic engineering. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse effects of systemic glucose absorption with peritoneal dialysis: how good is the evidence?

Purpose of review Treatment of end-stage renal disease with peritoneal dialysis is associated with an obligatory absorption of carbohydrates with both glucose and icodextrin-based dialysate. In this review, we examine the evidence linking this obligatory absorption with adverse systemic effects. Recent findings Systemic glucose absorption is associated with worse glycemic control; this can be ameliorated with glucose-sparing peritoneal dialysis regimens. The studies examining the benefit of glucose-sparing regimens on dyslipidemia are inconsistent and the magnitude of benefit is potentially small. There are no studies demonstrating any improvement in clinically meaningful patient outcomes with glucose-sparing regimens. Summary Although it is conceivable that the obligatory carbohydrate absorption with peritoneal dialysis increases systemic cardiovascular risk, this premise has not been systematically or rigorously examined to date, there are no robust biomarkers to measure the risk, modification of which may favorably improve outcomes, and whether glucose-sparing peritoneal dialysis regimens will lower the putative risk is currently unknown. Hence, there is a compelling need to bridge our gap in understanding the role of systemic glucose absorption with peritoneal dialysis on the health of individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Explanation from physics to the philosophy of religion

It is simply not possible to start a discussion of explanations in the various disciplines with a complete definition of "explanation." If it were specific enough to be helpful, it would be specific enough to beg some of the questions along our way. Indeed, it would be question-begging in an even more onerous way. For one of the more interesting issues implied by this paper's title is the question whether there even is "a" concept of explanation that applies to such diverse fields as physics and metaphysics or the philosophy of religion. We will find that the bulk of our task lies in specifying how one can speak of "explanation" in the singular when referring to such a broad spectrum of disciplines. The two concepts that I will treat in greatest detail, coherence and criticizability, provide at best a few necessary conditions and thus only the beginnings of a unitary theory of explanation. I suggest as a first parameter that explanations are answers to whyquestions. If one is asked to explain an action that she has performed, she will tell why she performed it, listing as "explanans" her reasons, her intentions, or the external forces that constrained her. Or, in order to explain the fact or "explanandum" that two magnets move together in a certain manner, one will give an account of why they did so, referring to the laws of magnetic attraction and the way that these particular magnets were aligned. It is sometimes argued that explanations also answer howquestions, and hence that they need offer no more than a description of a series of events in order to explain the explanandum. In order not to beg this question, we must construe the term "why-questions" in a rather
Nearly optimal state feedback control of constrained nonlinear systems using a neural networks HJB approach

Abstract In this paper, we treat constrained optimization of nonlinear systems. A rigorous solution method to obtain nearly optimal state feedback control that takes into consideration, actuator saturation, state space constraints, and minimum-time control requirement is presented. The constraints are encoded into the optimization formulation through special nonquadrtatic functionals. The associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is then solved successively. Nonlinear approximating networks are used to obtain an approximate closed form solution of the value function of the HJB equation, which is then used to obtain a state feedback controller. The solution is carried over a compact set of the asymptotic stability region of an initial stabilizing control.
Estimates of the cohomological dimension of decomposition spaces

Abstract The setting is a proper surjection f : X → Y between metrizable spaces such that each Cech cohomology group H i ( f -1 ( y );Z) is finitely generated for each y ϵ Y . Estimates (upper bounds) are established of the dimension of Y in terms of the dimension of X , the groups H i ( f -1 ( y );Z) for y ϵ Y , and the dimensions in which these groups are nonzero. The estimates can be viewed as generalizations of the classical result that, for a proper surjection f : X → Y between metrizable spaces with cardinality of f -1 ( y ) at most k +1 for y ϵ Y , dim Y ⩽ dim X + k .
Gamma rays from thermal neutron capture in Xe-136

The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ - ray spectrum following thermal neutron capture in $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ has been studied with a Compton-suppression spectrometer. The $Q$ value for the reaction has been measured as $Q(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})=4025.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ keV. Levels populated by primary transitions from the capture state correlate well with those populated by $l=1$ transfers in the ($d,p$) and ($p,{p}_{0}$) reactions. The data indicate a strong correlation between reduced transition probabilities for the primary transitions and spectroscopic factors for final levels.
Bulk and surface plasmons in solids

Abstract In three-dimensional systems the dispersion of bulk plasmons in the electrostatic limit depends upon nonlocal effects in the conductivity or dielectric function. In addition to nonlocal effects, a non-abrupt surface electron density profile is necessary for the existence of higher multipole surface plasma modes. A spatially periodic bulk electron density gives rise to a band structure in the collective charge density excitation spectrum. For two-dimensional electron systems, like electrons confined to a narrow quantum well, the bulk 2D plasmon frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the wavelength even in a simple local theory. Both regular and higher multipole edge modes can occur in the absence of nonlocal effects. For a periodic array of 2D electron layers, as in a superlattice, the collective charge density excitations can be classified as intrasubband and intersubband plasma modes. Each of these bands can support a surface plasma mode if the array of layers ends at a medium with different background dielectric constant than that containing the 2D electron layers. The basic concepts underlying the existence of all of these modes will be reviewed using the simplest models that contain the essential physics of the problem.
Metastatic prostate cancer (with prostate-specific antigen of 9996) presenting as obstructive jaundice.

Abstract A 78-year-old man admitted with clinical jaundice and pelvic pain had a total bilirubin level of 6.56 mgldL, an alkaline phosphatase level of 855 U/L, and a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 9996 ngimL. A computed tomogram demonstrated marked retroperitoneal, peri pancreatic, periceliac, and periaortic lymphadenopathy. A bone scan revealed increased radiolabeled technetium uptake in the pelvis, vertebral column, parietooccipital region, ribs, and appendiceal skeleton. A biopsy of one pelvic lesion revealed metastatic prostate cancer. This man's obstructive jaundice and bone pain had a dramatic response to treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (Ieuprolide) and anti androgen (bicalutamide). All bone pain and clinical signs of jaundice disappeared in 1 week. His total bilirubin decreased to 0.84 mgldL by 2 weeks. His PSA values reflected this clinical response, decreasing to 4022 nglmL in 1 week, 2680 ngidL after 2 weeks, and 1028 nglmL after 1 month of the above therapy.
External control of dissipation in a nanometer-scale radiofrequency mechanical resonator

We demonstrate a technique by which the quality factor of a magnetically-actuated mechanical resonator is controlled by an external electrical circuit. Modulation of this parameter is achieved by local variation of the electrical impedance presented to the resonator at its resonance frequency. We describe a theory that explains this result as arising from eddy currents in the external electrical circuit, which are driven by electromotive forces generated through motion of the resonator in the applied magnetic field. The theory is in good agreement with the induced variation in quality factor that we observe.
Crack Healing in Glass

Cracks in soda-lime-silica glass specimens closed spontaneously; the recovery in strength was determined by fracture mechanics techniques. Approximately 80% strength was recovered in cracks formed by mechanical shock, whereas approximately 20% was recovered in cracks that closed after being held open to the atmosphere for several minutes. The high strength recovery in the mechanically shocked specimens is attributed to the very active surface formed during fracture. If the surface is allowed to adsorb O2 or H2O vapor, the activity is reduced, and healing is less complete. Crack healing can introduce surface flaws into glass that cannot be detected by current methods of nondestructive testing.
On the assessment of stability and patterning of speech movements.

Speech requires the control of complex movements of orofacial structures to produce dynamic variations in the vocal tract transfer function. The nature of the underlying motor control processes has...
Animal Imagery in the Text and Illustrations of the Roman de la Rose

AbstractThe text of the Roman de la Rose by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun incorporates animal imagery drawn from many disparate sources including proverbs, the Bible, Ovid and other classical authors, histories, the Books of Beasts, and the Roman de Re-nart, especially in Jean de Meun's part of the poem. The illustrated Rose manuscripts reflect and extend these animal references in hundreds of framed miniatures and marginal drawings. Analysis of the animal imagery in the Rose text and of a generous sample of illustrations in Rose manuscripts demonstrates the distinctive textual and visual predilections and strategies of the Rose authors and illustrators and may also yield clues to the identity and tastes of the patrons of individual manuscripts.
Fat Body Morphology of English Grain Aphids Infected with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

The fat body cells, or trophocytes, of the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby), were examined histologically for evidence of cytological changes induced by the ingestion of barley yellow dwarf virus. The trophocytes showed no such induced changes. Instead, the changes from a low to a high proportion of stellate nuclei were found to be a function of the developmental stage of the aphid, with the fewest stellate nuclei (5%) in the first instar and the most (70%) in viviparous adults.
Prediction of severe coronary artery disease and long-term outcome in patients undergoing vasodilator spect

Vasodilator perfusion imaging has not been extensively evaluated for predicting severe coronary artery disease (CAD) or long-term prognosis. The goals of this study were to develop a model to predict left main/3-vessel CAD in patients undergoing vasodilator thallium 201 imaging and coronary angiography (angiographic population) and to test the long-term prognostic value of this model in a separate cohort of patients who were not referred for angiography (prognostic population). In the angiographic population (n = 653) the X2 value of the clinical model (containing the variables age, sex, and prior myocardial infarction) in the prediction of severe CAD was 32. The addition of 3 vasodilator Tl-201 variables (magnitude of ST-segment depression, summed reversibility score, and increased lung uptake) increased the model X2 value to 114 (P < .001). Only 9% of predicted low-risk patients versus 57% of predicted high-risk patients had severe CAD. In the prognostic population (n = 521) survival rates free of cardiac death or myocardial infarction at 7 years were 91%, 73%, and 51%, respectively, for patient groups predicted to be at low, intermediate, and high risk of severe CAD (P < .001). Clinical and vasodilator Tl-201 variables can accurately predict the risk of severe CAD. Stress Tl-201 variables add incremental information to clinical variables. The same model also predicts patient outcome.
Congress examines administration's coal research priorities

While the Obama administration has proposed a shift in coal research funding to further emphasize carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) programs in its fiscal year (FY) 2012 budget request, Republicans and several witnesses at a 13 October hearing of a subcommittee of the House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space, and Technology questioned those priorities, called for additional federal funding for coal research, and defended the use of coal as a major part of the U.S. energy sector. The administration's FY 2012 budget requests $291.4 million to fund the Department of Energy's (DOE) CCS and power systems program while zeroing out funding for DOE's fuels and power systems program (which includes funding for coal research) and shifting some of its line items to the CCS program. The FY 2011 continuing resolution has funded the fuels and power systems program at $400.2 million, including $142 million for carbon sequestration, $64.8 million for innovations for existing plants, and funding for other subprograms such as advanced integrated gasification combined cycle ($52.9 million), fuel cells ($49.8 million), and advanced research ($47.6 million).
Fabrication of TiO2 and TiO2 Nanotubular Arrays and Their Gas Sensing Properties

Pure TiO2 and TiO2 nanotubular arrays were successfully sensitized. Nanotubular arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization of thin films of Ti and of Ti-Nb deposited on alumina substrates with two different roughness. Morphological characterization and functional properties are presented. The gas sensing properties of TiO2 and TiO2 nanotubes with different gases have been tested in a wide range of operating temperatures.
Hepatitis G virus in patients with cryptogenic liver disease undergoing liver transplantation

To examine the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in end-stage liver disease of unknown cause and the role of HGV infection in posttransplantation hepatitis, we studied 46 patients undergoing liver transplantation (mean age, 50 years; M: F, 18:28) with cryptogenic cirrhosis. HGV RNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was quantified by a branched DNA (bDNA) assay. The prevalence of HGV RNA was determined in samples collected before and after liver transplantation and was found to be 22% and 67%, respectively. We evaluated the prevalence of posttransplantation hepatitis in 25 patients, 16 of whom were HGV-positive and 9 were HGV-negative. The proportion of patients with hepatitis was not significantly different in the two groups (38% in HGV-positive and 22% in HGV-negative patients). The median histological scores were significantly higher in liver biopsies from patients with HGV infection than in those without HGV infection (2 [range, 0-14] and 1 [range, 0-3]; P = .01), but the histological scores were low overall. The duration of follow-up was similar in the two groups. HGV RNA levels were not correlated with the severity of liver disease based on histological score (r = −.08). Graft survival and patient survival were not significantly different. We concluded that liver disease was frequent (32%) after transplantation in patients with a pretransplantation diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis, although the disease was generally mild. Although HGV RNA was demonstrable in the majority (67%) of patients after transplantation, there was no relationship between the presence of HGV RNA and the presence of posttransplantation liver disease. The finding of posttransplantation hepatitis in the absence of known viruses (A-G), suggests that other, as-yet-unidentified viruses may be important.
Pikeperch horizontal cells identified by intracellular staining.

Micropipettes filled with Procion yellow dye were used to record from and to stain pikeperch horizontal cells intracellularly. Three major types were found: a distal layer (H1) of relatively small cells which were luminosity or L-type; a second and more proximal layer of larger L-type cells (H2); and a third and yet more proximal layer of very stellate chromatic or C-type cells (H3). A few anucleate processes which displayed slow-potentials were found in the proximal area of the inner nuclear layer. Cells of each of the three layers were shown to be cone related by both anatomical and physiological methods. L-type cells were further categorized by the area over which each exhibited spatial summation and the relative sensitivity of each to red and green lights. Receptive field sizes of H2's were found to range from less than 2 mm to greater than 5 mm in diameter, whereas those of the few H1's tested were all less than 2 mm. Results from spectral screening tests indicate that most H1 and H2 cells are maximally sensitve to orange light, whereas the H3 cells hyperpolarize maximally to green and depolarize maximally to red. A small percentage of sampled C-cells displayed an additional depolarization to violet.
Identification of histidyl peptide labeled by 2-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutylthio)adenosine 5'-monophosphate in an ADP regulatory site of glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase reacts covalently with 2-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutylthio) adenosine 5′-monophosphate (2-BDB-TAMP) with incorporation of 1 mol reagent/mol enzyme subunit and loss of one of the two ADP sites of native enzyme [ S. P. Batra and R. F. Colman, J. Biol. Chem. , 261 , 15565–15571 (1986) ]. Incorporation of reagent is prevented specifically by ADP. The modified enzyme has now been digested with trypsin. The nucleotidyl peptide has been purified by chromatography on phenylboronateagarose, followed by reverse-phase HPLC. On the basis of amino acid composition following acid hydrolysis, and gas-phase sequencing, the modified tryptic peptide was established as AlaGlnHisSerGlnHisArg, corresponding to amino acids 80–86 of the known glutamate dehydrogenase primary structure. The evidence presented indicates that the target amino acid attacked by 2-BDB-TAMP is histidine-82 and that this residue is located within the high-affinity ADP-activating site of glutamate dehydrogenase. In the course of this work, it was found that the positions of Gln 84 and His 85 had been reported as reversed in the revised sequence of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase [ J. H. Julliard and E. L. Smith, J. Biol. Chem. , 254 , 3427–3438 (1979) ]. Three additional corrections are here reported in the amino acid sequence of the native enzyme on the basis of gas-phase sequencing of other peptides purified by HPLC: Asp 168 (not Asn); His 221 Gly 222 (not GlyHis); and Glu 355 (not Gln).
Burial diagenesis and thermochemical sulfate reduction, Smackover Formation, southeastern Mississippi salt basin

The Smackover Formation in the southeastern Mississippi salt basin has been buried from 3.03 to 6.06 km and subjected to temperatures of 100 to 200C. Pre-hydrocarbon migration burial diagenesis is characterized by precipitation of calcite cement followed by saddle dolomite and late anhydrite. These phases formed at temperatures of less than 100C. The oxygen isotopic composition of calcite ranges from {minus}5 to {minus}8.4 PDB, and carbon isotopic composition ranges from +3.5 to +6.0 PDB. The sulfur isotopic composition of late anhydrites ranges from +18.1 to +19.1 CDT. Post-hydrocarbon-migration burial diagenesis is dominated by replacement of previously formed late anhydrite by calcite or calcite plus elemental sulfur, and precipitation of post-bitumen calcite cement. These diagenetic phases formed at temperatures above 150C and are present only in the deep part of the basin. The oxygen isotopic compositions of calcites that replace anhydrite range from {minus}3.0 to {minus}4.0 PDB, and carbon isotopic compositions range from {minus}2.0 to +4.2 PDB. The oxygen isotopic compositions of post-bitumen calcites range from {minus}3.4 to {minus}5.6 PDB, and carbon isotopic compositions range from {minus}1.6 to {minus}16.3 PDB. Two samples of elemental sulfur have sulfur isotopic compositions of +15.8 and +16.1 CDT. The high-temperature replacement of anhydrite by calcite,more » the presence of post-bitumen calcite cement, the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfates and elemental sulfur, and high concentration of hydrogen sulfide indicate that rapid thermochemical reduction of solid sulfates is taking place in the deep part of the Mississippi salt basin at temperatures as low as 150C.« less
An inverse problem of normal incidence TE plane-wave scattering and the method of lines

The direct and inverse problems of normally incident TE plane-wave scattering by perfectly conducting cylindrical structures with arbitrary cross sections are considered. It is shown that application of the method of lines results in an efficient procedure for calculating the scattering amplitude and also for determining the shape of cylindrical structures if the electromagnetic scattering amplitude is given. To illustrate the procedure, some realistic numerical examples are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 486–491, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10645
Reduction of blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension.

Background: Resistant hypertension is a common clinical problem, and patients with resistant hypertension have increased cardiovascular risk. It is a subset of the hypertensive population that is little studied and poorly characterized. Objective: The purpose of this review is to discuss resistant hypertension, its recognition and diagnostic workup and management, and to present current data about the disease from the latest research. Methods: We define resistant hypertension and differentiate it from pseudoresistance. We identify diagnostic tests that may be done on patients with resistant hypertension. Last, we discuss therapeutic approaches to resistant hypertension, focusing on pharmacological treatment, and present an algorithm that may be used by the clinician in treating a patient with resistant hypertension. Conclusion: Resistant hypertension is a significant clinical problem commonly encountered by clinicians. Patients with resistant hypertension have increased cardiovascular risk. In evaluating ...
Correctness Analysis and Optimality Bounds of Multi-spacecraft Formation Initialization Algorithms

This paper considers formation initialization for a class of autonomous spacecraft operating in deep space with arbitrary initial positions and velocities. Formation initialization is the task of getting a group of autonomous agents to obtain the relative and/or global dynamic state information necessary to begin formation control. We associate a "worst-case total angle traversed" optimality notion with the execution of any formation initialization algorithm, and present performance bounds valid for any correct algorithm. We design the SPATIAL SPACECRAFT LOCALIZATION ALGORITHM and the WAIT AND CHECK ALGORITHM, analyze their correctness properties and characterize their performance in terms of worst-case optimality and execution time.
Structured semidefinite representation of some convex sets

Linear matrix Inequalities (LMIs) have had a major impact on control but formulating a problem as an LMI is an art. Recently there is the beginnings of a theory of which problems are in fact expressible as LMIs. For optimization purposes it can also be useful to have ?lifts? which are expressible as LMIs. We show here that this is a much less restrictive condition and give methods for actually constructing lifts and their LMI representation.
Using MRI of the optic nerve sheath to detect elevated intracranial pressure

The current gold standard for the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) remains invasive monitoring. Given that invasive monitoring is not always available or clinically feasible, there is growing interest in non-invasive methods of assessing ICP using diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Increased ICP is transmitted through the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the optic nerve, causing distention of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). In this issue of Critical Care, Geeraerts and colleagues describe a non-invasive method of diagnosing elevated ICP using MRI to measure the ONSD. They report a positive correlation between measurements of the ONSD on MRI and invasive ICP measurements. If the findings of this study can be replicated in larger populations, this technique may be a useful non-invasive screening test for elevated ICP in select populations.
Energies and intensities of curium L X-rays emitted in coincidence with the α-decay of 252Cf

Abstract The energies and intensities of curium L X-rays associated with the α-decay of 252Cf were measured with a high-resolution Si(Li) spectrometer. The measured total intensity of L X-rays was (7.83±0.40) × 10−2 per α-decay. In addition, theγ-ray from the first excited state in 248Cm was observed. The energy of this γ-ray was determined to be 43.399±0.025 keV and its intensity is (1.53±0.09) × 10−4 per α-decay. From the γ-ray intensity and the α-branching ratio to the first excited state, the total conversion coefficient for this transition was found to be 1013±70. Using the L X-ray and γ-ray intensities, the LII and LIII subshell fluorescence yields were derived. The values obtained are: ωLII = 0.59±0.04, ωLIII = 0.68±0.05. As part of the calibration procedure, a detailed examination of the intensities of Np L X-rays associated with the α-decay of 241Am was carried out. Results of this analysis are compared with previously reported intensities which had been renormalised to approximately correct for large absorption effects.
Taphonomic and paleoecologic implications of flow-induced forces on concavo-convex articulate brachiopods: an experimental approach

The Orientation of benthic marine organisms may be disturbed by flow-induced forces (i.e. drag and lift) caused by wave and current activity. Drag and lift are partly a function of organism size and shape. Consequently, morphology may affect stability (defined as resistance to reorientation, flipping, or entrainment) both during the life of an organism and after its death. An understanding of drag-and-lift effects is therefore essential to the interpretation of paleoecology and biostratinomic processes. An experimental method for quantifying the relative effects of flow-induced forces is described. These forces are measured during flume experiments using transducers and plaster replicas of fossils. As an illustration of the method's potential for taphonomic research, results from experiments investigating the effects of concavo-convex morphologies of articulate brachiopods are presented. Concave-up and convex-up orientations are commonly used to infer paleohydraulic conditions. Two geniculate brachiopods (Rafinesquina alternata and Leptaena richrnondensis) and three flattened forms (a second morphotype of Rafinesquina altemata, Strophodonta demissa, and Tropidoleptus carinatus) were tested in convex-up and concave-up postures and in three azimuthal orientations (hingeline oriented upstream, hingeline downstream, and hingeline parallel to flow). Concave-up orientations consistently exhibit higher drag than convex-up orientations, and this supports the common observation that valved fossils are typically found convex up in paleoenvironments dominated by traction transport. The presence of geniculation significantly increases drag. Lift is relatively insignificant for all models in most orientations. □Taphonomy, paleoecology, brachiopods, flow-induced forces, transport.
Self-determined behavior change: The need for capacity, opportunity and support

AbstractObjective: This article discusses how self-determination is central to positive behavior support, provides recommendations on how to promote it, and identifies future areas of research. Background: The value of incorporating self-determination strategies in positive behavior support plans is receiving increased attention. Rather than continue to rely on an externally controlled behavior change model in which “others” (e.g., teachers, service providers) determine the method to use to modify the behavior of a service recipient (student, client), self-determination shifts the responsibility over to that person; that is, he or she is integrally involved in selecting an appropriate strategy, executing it and monitoring how well he or she is doing. Conclusion: The inclusion of self-determination strategies in positive behavior support warrants further attention as individuals who have challenging behavior may be in an optimal position to manipulate their own behavior change.
Defining intrahepatic biliary anatomy in living liver transplant donor candidates at mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR cholangiography versus conventional T2-weighted MR cholangiography.

PURPOSE: To compare three-dimensional (3D) mangafodipir trisodium–enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography with conventional T2-weighted MR cholangiography for depiction and definition of intrahepatic biliary anatomy in liver transplant donor candidates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eight healthy liver transplant donor candidates were examined with two MR cholangiographic methods. All candidates gave written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review board. First, breath-hold transverse and coronal half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo and breath-hold oblique coronal heavily T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were performed. Second, mangafodipir trisodium–enhanced breath-hold fat-suppressed 3D gradient-echo sequences were performed through the ducts (oblique coronal plane) and through the entire liver (transverse plane). Interpretation of biliary anatomy findings, particularly variants affecting right liver lobe biliary drainage, and degree of ...
Water-triggered shape memory of multiblock thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs)

In this article we describe the preparation and characterization of a water-triggered shape memory polymer (SMP) family, PCL–PEG based thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Upon immersion in water, water molecules selectively swelled the hydrophilic PEG domains, resulting in durable hydrogels with strain-to-failure values greater than 700%. Dry samples fixed in a temporary shape underwent water-triggered shape recovery wherein only the oriented PEG domains recovered, causing incomplete shape recovery toward the equilibrium shape upon contact with liquid water. Addressing the limited recovery observed for dry-fixing samples that led to some PCL domain deformation, we developed a novel, “wet-fixing” SM cycle, where the temporary shape is achieved by deforming the material in the hydrogel state (wet drawing) and is later fixed via PEG recrystallization upon drying. The fixing and recovery ratios were substantially improved using this new shape memory programming method, the mechanism of which was proven by X-ray diffraction analysis. The recovery speed of this material system was studied by varying the thickness of bulk films and demonstrated that water-recovery is diffusion-limited. By processing the TPUs as a web of microfibers, rapid shape recovery was achieved in water at room temperature within 1.3 s. The controllable actuation speed, the high recoverable strain, and the simple fixing and recovery process make these materials potential candidates for applications as water responsive sensors, actuators, and medical devices.
Cortisol Binding and Tyrosine Transaminase Induction in Guinea‐Pig Liver

Maximal induced hepatic tyrosine transaminase levels in female guinea pigs given 100 mg/kg doses of cortisol were 1/6 those observed in female rats. Maximal hepatic cortisol levels in guinea pigs, 132 ± 18 μg/g, were in excess of those required for the maximal response in rats. Delayed induction of the enzyme and its prolonged elevation were observed and were in agreement with differences in the rate of uptake of the hormone. Liver, of the organs studied, was capable of concentrating the hormone above blood levels. Maximal hepatic cortisol levels were four-fold above blood. 55–63% of the hepatic radioactivity from trace or inducing doses was in cytosol, 20–30% in the microsomal fraction, 15–20% in the nuclear fraction, and 1–5% in the mitochondrial fraction. Gel filtration and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of cytosols resolved four cortisol-binding proteins (guinea pig binders I, II, III, and IV), which eluted similarly to and had pHI values similar to rat liver binders. At all times studied, the binding proteins showed very different patterns of bound radioactivity than in rats. Binders I, III, and IV contained much less radioactivity. Radioactivity in binder II (“receptor”) was comparable to that in rats. Similar results were found with adrenalectomized guinea pigs. Bound and unbound radioactivity was mostly cortisol and tetrahydrocortisol. Injection of inducing doses of cortisol intensified the differences between rats and guinea pigs. Competition studies in vitro between [3H]cortisol and non-radioactive steroids showed specificity of binding, since the order of effectiveness was glucocorticoids > sex hormones > cholesterol.
Duality for finite multiple harmonic q-series

We define two finite q-analogs of certain multiple harmonic series with an arbitrary number of free parameters, and prove identities for these q-analogs, expressing them in terms of multiply nested sums 9 involving the Gaussian binomial coefficients. Special cases of these identities—for example, with all parameters equal to 1—have occurred in the literature. The special case with only one parameter 11 reduces to an identity for the divisor generating function, which has received some attention in connection with problems in sorting theory. The general case can be viewed as a duality result, 13 reminiscent of the duality relation for the ordinary multiple zeta function. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 15
“I Feel Like It’s a Heavier Burden. . .”: The Gendered Contours of Heterosexual Partnering after Welfare Reform

One of the explicit goals of the 1996 welfare reform in the United States was to create conditions that would encourage marriage as a means of reducing poverty and welfare “dependency.” With the exception of a few notable studies that examine reliance on abusive partners and former partners, relatively little scholarly attention has been given to the contours of partnering after welfare reform. Using a feminist lens on data from two qualitative studies, the author examines the partnership experiences of a sample of mostly white women three to four years after they had left welfare. An exploration of women’s views of their transitions into and their experiences with partnering reveals that women (re)align with a logic of heterosexual partnering that holds the potential to complicate their lives. The analysis sounds a precautionary note and provides empirical evidence that partnering in the context of the reduced options of welfare reform can diminish women’s long-term stability and that encouraging partner...