cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase equilibria in ternary Lennard-Jones systems

Abstract Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations are used to test the ability of the van der Waals one-fluid theory to predict phase equilibria for ternary systems of particles interacting with Lennard-Jones potentials. Simulation results for asymmetric systems are compared to theoretical results for mixtures that obey the Lorentz-Berthelot combining rules. Good agreement is found between theory and simulation far form the plait point. The theory is found to overestimate the plait point, as expected from previous studies of binary systems. Liquid-liquid equilibria in a symmetric ternary system with energy parameters deviating from the geometric mean (Berthelot) rule are also investigated at three different pressures. A three-phase region is found at high pressures. The agreement between theory and simulation is excellent for the symmetric systems studied here.
Why do cities pay more? An empirical examination of some competing theories of the urban wage premium

Abstract OLS regression identifies a 19 percent wage advantage for workers in large urban areas. Fixed-effects estimation suggests that two-thirds of this premium can be explained by cities attracting workers of higher unmeasured skills and ability. The remaining wage premium is shown to consist of both level and growth elements. The wage level effect is consistent with a productivity advantage for firms located in cities. The wage growth effect is shown to relate in part to a cumulative advantage in the returns to job mobility for urban workers. This last finding highlights the importance of coordination in urban labor markets.
Sequencing the Connectome

Connectivity determines the function of neural circuits. Historically, circuit mapping has usually been viewed as a problem of microscopy, but no current method can achieve high-throughput mapping of entire circuits with single neuron precision. Here we describe a novel approach to determining connectivity. We propose BOINC (“barcoding of individual neuronal connections”), a method for converting the problem of connectivity into a form that can be read out by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The appeal of using sequencing is that its scale—sequencing billions of nucleotides per day is now routine—is a natural match to the complexity of neural circuits. An inexpensive high-throughput technique for establishing circuit connectivity at single neuron resolution could transform neuroscience research.
A COMPARISON OF SIMPLE VERUS COMPLEX STRATEGY FOR CATHETER BASED TREATMENT OF CORONARY BIFURCATION LESIONS: META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

The optimal approach to catheter-based treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions is unknown. Clinical trials in this group of patients have yielded mixed results. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes for simple (provisional T-stenting) versus complex (routine T
Synthesis of cyclopentadienyltricarbonyl rhenium phenyltropanes by double ligand transfer: organometallic ligands for the dopamine transporter.

Cyclopentadienyltricarbonyl rhenium (CpRe(CO)3) systems can be prepared from ferrocenes and perrhenate by a double ligand transfer (DLT) reaction that gives reasonable yields and shows excellent functional group tolerance. We used this reaction for the direct preparation of CpRe(CO)3−phenyltropane conjugates. Such agents, when labeled with technetium-99m, might function as imaging agents for the dopamine transporter (DAT) system that would be useful for assessing the onset and severity of Parkinson's disease. Of the CpRe(CO)3−tropane conjugates prepared by the DLT reaction (as well as other analogues prepared by related methods), those substituted at the N-8 position seem most promising; their affinity for the DAT in all cases was high, and their ferrocene precursors for the DLT reaction can be prepared in a convenient manner. By contrast, the 3β-conjugates were poor DAT binders. The modular nature of these systems offers considerable flexibility that could be used to improve the binding characteristics o...
Some local models for correlation experiments

This paper constructs two classes of models for the quantum correlation experiments used to test the Bell-type inequalities, synchronization models and prism models. Both classes employ deterministic hidden variables, satisfy the causal requirements of physical locality, and yield precisely the quantum mechanical statistics. In the synchronization models, the joint probabilities, for each emission, do not factor in the manner of stochastic independence, showing that such factorizability is not required for locality. In the prism models the observables are not random variables over a common space; hence these models throw into question the entire random variables idiom of the literature. Both classes of models appear to be testable.
Time course of nerve-fiber regeneration in the noise-damaged mammalian cochlea.

Abstract The time course of events which are essential for nerve-fiber regeneration in the mammalian cochlea was determined using a group of chinchillas that had been exposed for 3.5 hr to an octave band of noise with a center frequency of 4 kHz and a sound pressure level of 108 dB. The animals recovered from 40 min (0 days[ to 100 days at which times their inner ears were fixed and the organs of Corti prepared for phase-contrast and bright-field microscopy as plastic-embedded flat preparations. Selected areas identified in the flat preparations were semi-thick and thin sectioned at radial or tangential angles for examination by bright-field and transmission electron microscopy. The following time-ordered events appeared critical for nerve-fiber regeneration: (1) The area of the basilar membrane in which regeneration had a possibility of occurring showed signs of severe injury. Outer hair cells degenerated first followed by outer pillars, inner pillars, inner hair cells and other supporting cells; (2) Myelinated nerve fibers in the osseous spiral lamina became fragmented, starting at the distal ends of the fibers. This degeneration gradually extended back to Rosenthal's canal; (3) Fibrous processes, originating from Schwann-like cells in the osseous spiral lamina, extended laterally on the basilar membrane; (4) Schwann cells lined up medial to the habenulae perforata in the areas of severest damage, apparently ready to migrate through the habenulae onto the basilar membrane; (5) Schwann-cell nuclei appeared on the basilar membrane beneath the developing layer of squamous epithelium which was in the process of replacing the degenerated portion of the organ of Corti; (6) Regenerated nerve fibers with thin myelin sheaths or a simple investment of Schwann cell cytoplasm appeared in areas of total loss of the organ of Corti; and (7) The myelin sheaths on the regenerated nerve fibers gradually became thicker.
Learner Achievement and Attitudes under Different Paces of Transitioning to Independent Problem Solving

This study examined the effect of the pace of transitioning from worked examples to independent problem solving for students with three different levels of prior knowledge. Three paces of transitioning were examined: immediate transitioning, fast fading, and slow fading. The study was conducted with engineering college freshmen in the engineering knowledge domain of introductory electrical circuit analysis and found a significant interaction between the particpants' prior knowledge and the pace of transitioning to independent problem solving on retention posttest performance. The high prior knowledge participants achieved significantly higher retention scores under the fast and immediate transitioning than under the slow transitioning, whereas the low prior knowledge participants achieved significantly higher retention scores under the slow transitioning. The interaction result for retention indicates that by selectively employing slow fading for low prior knowledge learners and fast fading or immediate transitioning for high prior knowledge learners, significant improvements in learning may be achieved.
Developmental apraxia of speech in children with defective articulation.

To identify behaviors which might distinguish developmental apraxia of speech from “functional” articulation disorders, 30 children with moderate to severe defective articulation but with normal in...
Interleukin 21 up‐regulates perforin‐mediated cytotoxic activity of human intra‐epithelial lymphocytes

Human intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are predominantly T-cell receptor-alphabeta(+) (TCR-alphabeta(+)) CD8(+) CD45RO(+) memory T cells located between intestinal epithelial cells. They respond to a greater extent to stimulation with interleukin (IL)-15 than to CD3/TCR triggering, suggesting that they react to the cytokine milieu in their local environment rather than to cognate antigen. A newly described member of the gammac cytokine family, IL-21, has potent antitumor effects. As IELs resemble lymphocytes infiltrating neoplastic lesions, their response to IL-21 may be relevant in vivo. Here, IL-21 was shown to increase perforin-mediated cytotoxicity and serine esterase release by IELs. This IL-21-mediated up-regulation occurred without changes in IEL survival or cell division. Interestingly, the effects of IL-21 occurred without increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), or p38. IL-21 had no effect on Fas ligand (FL)- or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated cytotoxicity, but it down-regulated IL-15-stimulated expression of CD25 and CD94, indicating that it has both positive and negative actions. This functional profile is unique to human IELs, emphasizing that they are a distinct compartment of lymphocytes and that IL-21 may promote their role in tumour immunosurveillance.
Management of Patients with Lumbar Discs Herniations with Radiculopathy

The last Issues in Neurologic Practice discussed diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected of having herniated lumbar discs. In this section, I have asked 3 neurosurgeons, Drs. Fi
M. J. Hartmann Memorial Session Paper: Turbulence Characteristics in a Supersonic Cascade Wake Flow

The turbulent character of the supersonic wake of a linear cascade of fan airfoils has been studied using a two-component laser-doppler anemometer. The cascade was tested in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University intermittent wind tunnel facility, where the Mach and Reynolds numbers were 2.36 and 4.8 × 10 6 , respeclively. In addition to mean flow measurements, Reynolds normal and shear stresses were measured as functions of cascade incidence angle and streamwise locations spanning the near-wake and the far-wake. The extremities of profiles of both the mean and turbulent wake properties were found to be strongly influenced by upstream shock-boundary-layer interactions, the strength of which varied with cascade incidence. In contrast, the peak levels of turburlence properties within the shear layer were found to be largely independent of incidence, and could be characterized in terms of the streamwise position only
Relationship between trace element concentrations in human blood and atmospheric aerosol

Trace element concentrations in human blood from the U.K., measured by Hamilton et al., are found to be correlated to those of atmospheric aerosol from the U.K., or to an aerosol composition averaged over the globe. The correlation to aerosol is much stronger than to crustal rock or sea water. Elemental enrichment factors for blood are all equal to or greater than those for aerosol. Two possible reasons for the correlation are advanced: aerosol is probably a major source of the trace elements which enter the food chain, and aerosol samples the earth's surface where the food chain originates. The present finding suggests that aerosol plays a major role in the global cycling of the trace elements which enter the blood, with important implications for human health.
Unusual Hydrolysis Reactions of cis-Bis((2,2‘-biphenylylene)phosphochloridite ester)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)

The hydrolysis of cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2‘-C12H8O2PCl)2 (1) in the presence of excess triethylamine and water yields [(C2H5)3NH]2[cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2‘-C12H8O2PO)2] (2). This complex is in equilibrium with [(C2H5)3NH][cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2‘-C12H8O2PO)(2,2‘-C12H8O2POH)] (3) and free triethylamine in solution. The hydrolysis of 1 with a stoichiometric amount of triethylamine and water yields only 3. A Scatchard plot for the reaction of 3 and triethylamine to form 2 at 25 °C gives an equilibrium constant of 5.8 × 10-3 for the reaction. Fitting the variable-temperature 31P{1H} NMR spectra of a CD2Cl2 solution of 3 and 0.5 equiv of triethylamine using the gNMR program gives an activation energy of 47.4 kJ/mol for the reaction. The diastereomers of 3 crystallize with very different morphologies, allowing the X-ray crystal structures of both enantiomers to be determined. The 3R*R* diastereomer crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric P212121 space group, but the 3R*S* diastereomer crystallizes in the centrosymmetric P21/c space grou...
Employee voice: Untapped resource or social media time bomb?

Abstract The venues by which employees can voice satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and their experiences with the organization have traditionally been limited to internal communication systems that are orchestrated and sanctioned by the organization. However, social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, as well as blogs and instant messaging, now enable employees to deliver messages to hundreds or even thousands of people with a few keystrokes. . .messages that may or may not be desirable to or sanctioned by the organization. Under these circumstances, employee voice can be an untapped resource for enhancing the organization's public image or a bomb waiting to explode with devastating impact on the firm's reputation. Effective management of employee voice begins with understanding its purposes: contribution to management decision making, demonstration of partnership, articulation of individual dissatisfaction, and expression of collective bargaining. These expressions of voice can be guided and managed to a strategic advantage when organizations provide a proper organizational context along with the appropriate mechanisms for employees.
PRIVATE INTERHOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS OF MONEY AND TIME: NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Within the family workers are born goods are produced tastes are formed decisions to work are made and resources are redistributed. This paper investigates the last of these roles that is the transfer of resources (money and time help) among family members and friends. We are interested in private transfers because first they provide a means through which individuals can transmit their well-being to others. Second private transfers have potential consequences for the effectiveness of government redistribution policies. For example if publicly provided benefits to an individual become more generous then that individuals family members and friends may respond by decreasing the amount of private assistance they give to the individual. If public transfers merely supplant private transfers then in the extreme public transfers do nothing to alter the income of a program participant they only increase the income of family members or friends who would have otherwise provided greater private support. (excerpt)
High-temperature pairing in stripes

That the superconducting transition in underdoped high temperature superconductors is controlled by phase ordering, implies that pairing is a local phenomenon that occurs on an intermediate length scale, and typically at a temperature aboveTc. The discovery of local stripe order in the LSCO family of high temperature superconductors, along with the theoretical suggestion that such structures are a general feature of doped antiferromagnets lead us further to propose that in fact pairing occurs in the vicinity of an individual stripe. The transition to a superconducting state then follows at lower temperature due to Josephson coupling between stripes. In this paper we review our microscopic model of high temperature pairing on individual stripes.
A dish-Stirling solar-thermal power system

This paper presents results of a preliminary design/economic study of a first-generation point focusing distributed receiver solar-thermal electric system optimized for application to industrial and small community power plants at power levels up to 10 MWe. Power conversion is provided by small Stirling cycle engines mounted at the focus of paraboloidal solar concentrators. The output of multiple power modules (concentrator, receiver, engine, and electric generator) is collected by means of a conventional electrical system and interfaced with a utility grid. Based on the United Stirling P-75 engine, a 1 MWe system employing mass-produced components (100,000 modules/year) could produce electricity at costs competitive with those projected for electricity generated by more conventional means, e.g. with fossil fuels.
WE‐G‐110‐03: Directional MTF Measurement of Tomosynthesis Images Using a Cone‐Based Technique

Purpose: To develop a cone‐based modulation transfer function(MTF) measurement technique for tomosynthesis using a sphere phantom. Methods: Projections were simulated for a voxelized breast phantom with 12 mm sphere inserts using a fluence modeled from 28 kVp beam and incident upon an indirect flat‐panel detector with 200 um pixel size. Characteristic noise and blurring for each projection were added using cascaded systems analysis. The projections were reconstructed using standard filtered backprojection techniques, producing a 3D volume with an isotropic voxel size of 200 um. ROIs that completely encompassed single spheres were extracted, and conical regions were prescribed along the three axes extending from the centroids. Pixels within the cones were used to form edge spread functions (ESF), from which directional “raw” MTFs were calculated. Binning size and conical range were considered for maximizing accuracy and minimizing noise of the MTF. A method for removing out‐of‐plane artifacts of the ESFs in x and y directions was investigated and yielded an “effective” MTF. Results: Comparisons of the cone‐based MTF along the different axes and the true 3D MTF yielded good agreement. A 30 degree angle was found to provide ideal trade‐off between measurement noise and accuracy. Drop‐off frequencies in the x‐ and y‐directional “raw” MTFs were 1.5 cycles/mm and 2.5 cycles/mm, respectively. As expected, the z‐directional MTF had a much lower drop‐off due to the lack of angular sampling. The removal of artifacts in ESF yielded a “modified” MTFs which enabled a novel characterization of in‐slice resolution for tomosynthesis. Conclusion: The directional MTF of tomosynthesis reconstruction with FBP was determined by using the cone‐based MTF technique. The presented method of separating the effective resolution and artifacts from the measured ESF is expected to facilitate the interpretation of MTF measurements in tomosynthesis.
Glycosidase activity in epididymal epithelial cells isolated from normal and α-chlorohydrin treated male rats

Abstract Glycosidase activities were determined in cells isolated from the caput epididymidis of normal and α-chlorohydrin-treated (6–8 mg/kg/day) Wistar rats. In control animals, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were localized primarily in the principal cells of the epididymis. Considering relative activities in principal cells, N-acetylglucosaminidase >β-galactosidase >β-glucuronidase. Alpha-chlorohydrin treatment had no affect on activities of β-glucuronidase or N-acetylglucosaminidase (P > .05), but the activity of β-galactosidase decreased to 50% of control values in the principal cells isolated from treated rats. Further study of these and other enzyme systems in the epididymal epithelium may improve our understanding of the contraceptive action of α-chlorohydrin.
High efficiency InGaAsN based quantum well lasers grown by GSMBE using a solid As source

Summary form only given. The material was grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) with only InGaAsN quantum well grown using solid source As. The active N species was generated by flowing nitrogen through a radio frequency (RF) plasma source. The active region of the laser contained a single 9 nm thick, strained InGaAsN/GaAs quantum well embedded in a 0.18 /spl mu/m thick GaAs separate confinement layer.
Precursors for Waves in Random Media

We consider scattering of a pulse propagating through a three-dimensional random media and study the shape of the pulse in the parabolic approximation. We show that, similarly to the one-dimensional O’Doherty-Anstey theory, the pulse undergoes a deterministic broadening. Its amplitude decays only algebraically and not exponentially in time, due to the signal low/midrange frequency component. We also argue that the parabolic approximation captures the front evolution (but not the signal away from the front) correctly even in the fully threedimensional situation.
Designing high performance DSM systems using InfiniBand features

Software DSM systems do not perform well because of the combined effects of increase in communication, slow networks and the large overhead associated with processing the coherence protocol. Modern interconnects like Myrinet, Quadrics and InfiniBand offer reliable, low latency (around 5.0 /spl mu/s point-to-point), and high-bandwidth (10.0 Gbps in 4X InfiniBand). These networks also support efficient memory- based communication primitives like RDMA-Read and RDMA-Write, which allow remote reading and writing of data respectively without receiver intervention. These supports can be leveraged to reduce overhead in a software DSM system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme NGDSM with two components ARDMAR and DRAW for page fetching and diffing, respectively. These components employ RDMA and atomic operations to efficiently implement the coherency scheme. The scheme NGDSM evaluated on an 8-node InfiniBand cluster using SPLASH-2 and TreadMarks applications shows better parallel speedup and scalability.
The composition context in point-and-shoot photography

With the recent popularization of digital cameras and cameraphones, everyone is now a photographer, and the devices provide new opportunities for improving the process and final results. While there has been research on what kinds of subjects users prefer to photograph, and what they do with the images once they are captured [Van House et al. 2005], no formal studies on the process of framing an image using a camera have been performed. To fill this gap, our study attempts to characterize the actions performed by users while framing photos using a point-and-shoot camera, in preparation for taking a photograph. This includes adjusting the camera's orientation and point of view and triggering zoom and autofocus controls.
Diverse captive non-human primates with phytanic acid-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial phytanic acid levels in their red blood cells

Background: Humans and rodents with impaired phytanic acid (PA) metabolism can accumulate toxic stores of PA that have deleterious effects on multiple organ systems. Ruminants and certain fish obtain PA from the microbial degradation of dietary chlorophyll and/or through chlorophyll-derived precursors. In contrast, humans cannot derive PA from chlorophyll and instead normally obtain it only from meat, dairy, and fish products. Results: Captive apes and Old world monkeys had significantly higher red blood cell (RBC) PA levels relative to humans when all subjects were fed PA-deficient diets. Given the adverse health effects resulting from PA over accumulation, we investigated the molecular evolution of thirteen PA metabolism genes in apes, Old world monkeys, and New world monkeys. All non-human primate (NHP) orthologs are predicted to encode full-length proteins with the marmoset Phyh gene containing a rare, but functional, GA splice donor dinucleotide. Acox2, Scp2, and Pecr sequences had amino acid positions with accelerated substitution rates while Amacr had significant variation in evolutionary rates in apes relative to other primates. Conclusions: Unlike humans, diverse captive NHPs with PA-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial RBC PA levels. The favored hypothesis is that NHPs can derive significant amounts of PA from the degradation of ingested chlorophyll through gut fermentation. If correct, this raises the possibility that RBC PA levels could serve as a biomarker for evaluating the digestive health of captive NHPs. Furthermore, the evolutionary rates of the several genes relevant to PA metabolism provide candidate genetic adaptations to NHP diets.
Translation of remote sensing data into weed management decisions

Abstract Remote sensing and associated spatial technologies provide tremendous opportunity to enhance weed management and improve–protect the environment through judicious use of the most efficacious control methods for a given site. They can also be invaluable assets for detection of invasions, assessment of infestation levels, monitoring rate of spread, and determining the efficacy of mitigation efforts for weed management. In combination with other technologies such as global positioning systems and geographic information systems, sampling strategies can be devised to efficiently determine the location of weed populations in agricultural and wildland situations. Maps created from remote sensing or sampling (or both) allow site-specific weed management of only the areas requiring corrective action. Potential benefits to the land managers and the ecosystem as a whole will come from reductions in inputs, reduced environmental liability from the detrimental effects of applying control measures to entire ar...
Functional connectome fingerprinting: identifying individuals using patterns of brain connectivity

This study shows that every individual has a unique pattern of functional connections between brain regions. This functional connectivity profile acts as a ‘fingerprint’ that can accurately identify the individual from a large group. Furthermore, an individual's connectivity profile can predict his or her level of fluid intelligence.
Assessing the Correctional Orientation of Corrections Officers in South Korea

The correctional goal in South Korea has recently changed from the straightforward punishment of inmates to rehabilitation. Currently, emphases are being placed on education, counseling, and other treatment programs. These changes have consequently begun to also change the corrections officers' roles from a purely custodial role to a human service role, in which officers are expected to manage rehabilitation and treatment programs. Despite these changes, few studies have examined the attitudes of corrections officers toward rehabilitation programming. This is an important dimension to examine in rehabilitation programming, as corrections officers play a major role in the delivery of institutional programs. This study examines the attitudes of South Korean corrections officers toward rehabilitation programs. Approximately 430 corrections officers were sampled. Results show that correctional attitudes are largely influenced by not only officers' own motivations for joining corrections but also by institutional factors such as job stress. Policy implications are discussed.
Analysis and electrical characterization of blue light emitting diode

An analytical model for the structures commonly employed for the fabrication of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunctions has been developed. Insight gained from the analysis was employed to interpret observed current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics obtained from commercially available blue LEDs. These diodes are highly non-ideal with several regimes characterized by high values of the ideality factor ranging from 2.90 - 6.76 indicating that the recombination process cannot be described by the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism. Logarithmic plots of the forward characteristics indicate a space-charge-limited-current conduction through the active region of the diodes. Observed changes in slope of these logarithmic plots are representative of a high density of "deep-level states" in the active region of the diodes. An analysis of these characteristics yielded a density of deep-level states of /spl sim/2 /spl times/ 10/sup 17//cm/sup 3/. Deep-level states concentrations were also determined from capacitance-voltage measurements; these were in good agreement with concentrations determined from current-voltage measurements. Recombination lifetimes were extracted from diode reverse recovery storage time measurements.
Synthesis of the optical modulator response

Directional coupler modulator response may be synthesized by using a suitable coupling function, which may be determined by using Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko inverse scattering technique or by the inverse Fourier transform technique. The techniques provide possibility of designing coupler modulators with low switching voltages and better linearity. In this paper, the implementation of the coupling function for a linear modulator is outlined.
Depleting Tumor-NQO1 Potentiates Anoikis and Inhibits Growth of NSCLC

The fundamental role that NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) plays, in normal cells, as a cytoprotective enzyme guarding against stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is well documented. However, what is not known is whether the observed overexpression of NQO1 in neoplastic cells contributes to their survival. The current study discovered that depleting NQO1 expression in A549 and H292 lung adenocarcinoma cells caused an increase in ROS formation, inhibited anchorage-independent growth, increased anoikis sensitization, and decreased three-dimensional tumor spheroid invasion. These in vivo data further implicate tumor-NQO1 expression in a protumor survival role, because its depletion suppressed cell proliferation and decreased lung tumor xenograft growth. Finally, these data reveal an exploitable link between tumor-NQO1 expression and the survival of lung tumors because NQO1 depletion significantly decreased the percentage of ALDH(high) cancer cells within the tumor population. Implications: Loss of tumor-NQO1 expression inhibits tumor growth and suggests that novel therapeutics directed at tumor-NQO1 may have clinical benefit. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 14–25. ©2015 AACR .
Sex Disparity in Food Allergy: Evidence from the PubMed Database

Food allergies are potentially fatal immune-mediated disorders that are growing globally. The relationship between sex and food allergy remains incompletely understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that, should sex influence the clinical response to food allergens, this would be reflected by a sex disparity in published studies of food allergy. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed literature for IgE-mediated allergy to 11 allergenic foods of international regulatory importance. No date restriction was used and only articles in English were considered. Of the 4744 articles retrieved, 591 met the inclusion criteria representing 17528 subjects with food allergies. Whereas among children with food allergies, 64.35% were males and 35.65% were females (male/female ratio, 1.80), among adults 34.82% were males and 65.18% were females (male/female ratio, 0.53). Consequently, these data argue that there is need for further investigation to define the role of sex in the pathogenesis of food allergy.
Straightening Caenorhabditis elegans images

Motivation:Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm found in soil, is a widely studied model organism with about 1000 cells in the adult. Producing high-resolution fluorescence images of C.elegans to reveal biological insights is becoming routine, motivating the development of advanced computational tools for analyzing the resulting image stacks. For example, worm bodies usually curve significantly in images. Thus one must ‘straighten’ the worms if they are to be compared under a canonical coordinate system. Results: We develop a worm straightening algorithm (WSA) that restacks cutting planes orthogonal to a ‘backbone’ that models the anterior–posterior axis of the worm. We formulate the backbone as a parametric cubic spline defined by a series of control points. We develop two methods for automatically determining the locations of the control points. Our experimental methods show that our approaches effectively straighten both 2D and 3D worm images. Contact: pengh@janelia.hhmi.org Supplementary information: The example data sets and programs are available upon request.
Online decision making in crowdsourcing markets: theoretical challenges

Over the past decade, crowdsourcing has emerged as a cheap and efficient method of obtaining solutions to simple tasks that are difficult for computers to solve but possible for humans. The popularity and promise of crowdsourcing markets has led to both empirical and theoretical research on the design of algorithms to optimize various aspects of these markets, such as the pricing and assignment of tasks. Much of the existing theoretical work on crowdsourcing markets has focused on problems that fall into the broad category of online decision making; task requesters or the crowdsourcing platform itself make repeated decisions about prices to set, workers to filter out, problems to assign to specific workers, or other things. Often these decisions are complex, requiring algorithms that learn about the distribution of available tasks or workers over time and take into account the strategic (or sometimes irrational) behavior of workers.As human computation grows into its own field, the time is ripe to address these challenges in a principled way. However, it appears very difficult to capture all pertinent aspects of crowdsourcing markets in a single coherent model. In this paper, we reflect on the modeling issues that inhibit theoretical research on online decision making for crowdsourcing, and identify some steps forward. This paper grew out of the authors' own frustration with these issues, and we hope it will encourage the community to attempt to understand, debate, and ultimately address them.
The incidence of seizures in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation from cardiac arrest

Summary Study objective Non-convulsive seizures/status epilepticus occur in approximately 20% of comatose, non-cardiac arrest intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and are associated with increased mortality. The prevalence and clinical significance of seizures in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing therapeutic hypothermia is not well described. Methods At this urban level I trauma center, every patient undergoing therapeutic hypothermia is monitored with continuous video encephalography (cvEEG). We abstracted medical records for all cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia during 2010. Clinical data were extracted in duplicate. cvEEGs were independently reviewed for seizures by two board-certified epileptologists. Results There were 33 patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in 2010 who met inclusion criteria for this study. Median age was 58 (range 28–86 years), 63% were white, 55% were male, and 9% had a history of seizures or epilepsy. During cooling, seizures occurred in 5/33 patients (15%, 95%CI 6%–33%). 11/33 patients (33%, 95% CI 19%–52%) had seizures at some time during hospitalization. 13/33 (39%) survived to discharge and of these, 7/13 (54%) survived to 30 days. 9/11 patients with seizures died during hospitalization, compared with 11/22 patients without seizures (82% vs. 50%; difference 32%, CI 95 1%–63%). No patient with seizures was alive at 30 days. Conclusions Seizures are common in comatose patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. All patients with seizures were deceased within 30 days of discharge. Routine use of EEG monitoring could assist in early detection of seizures in this patient population, providing an opportunity for intervention to potentially improve outcomes.
Increased Capacity to Delay Reward in Anorexia Nervosa

Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are often characterized as possessing excessive self-control and are unusual in their ability to reduce or avoid the consumption of palatable foods. This behavior promotes potentially life-threatening weight loss and suggests disturbances in reward processing. We studied whether individuals with AN showed evidence of increased self-control by examining the tendency to delay receipt of a monetary, non-food related, reward. Underweight AN (n536) and healthy controls (HC, n528) completed a monetary intertemporal choice task measuring delay discounting factor. Individuals with AN reduced the value of a monetary reward over time significantly less than HC (F[1,61]55.03; p50.029). Secondary analyses indicated that the restricting subtype of AN, in particular, showed significantly less discounting than HC (F[1,46]58.3; p50.006). These findings indicate that some individuals with AN show less temporal discounting than HC, suggestive of enhanced self-control that is not limited to food consumption. This is in contrast to other psychiatric disorders, for example, substance abuse, which are characterized by greater discounting. Though preliminary, these findings suggest that excessive self-control may contribute to pathological processes and individuals with AN may have neuropsychological characteristics that enhance their ability to delay reward and thereby may help to maintain persistent food restriction. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1‐8)
VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS OF ASYMMETRIC NUCLEAR MATTER

Abstract We report on variational calculations of the energy E ( ρ , β ) of asymmetric nuclear matter having ϱ = ϱ n + ϱ p = 0.05 to 0.35 fm −3 , and β = ( ϱ n − ϱ p / g 9 = 0 to 1. The nuclear h used in this work consists of a realistic two-nucleon interaction, called v 14 , that fits the available nucleon-nucleon scattering data up to 425 MeV, and a phenomenological three nucleon interaction adjusted to reproduce the empirical properties of symmetric nuclear matter. The variational many-body theory of symmetric nuclear matter is extended to treat matter with neutron excess. Numerical and analytic studies of the β-dependence of various contributions to the nuclear matter energy show that at ϱ −3 the β 4 terms are very small, and that the interaction energy EI(ρ, β) defined as E ( ρ , β ) − T F ( ρ , β ), where T F is the Fermi-gas energy, is well approximated by EI 0 (ϱ) + β 2 EI 2 (ρ). The calculated symmetry energy at equilibrium density is 30 MeV and it increases from 15 to 38 MeV as ϱ increases from 0.05 to 0.35 fm −3 .
Lifetime Analysis of Weak Emissions and Time-Resolved Spectral Measurements with a Subnanosecond Dye Laser and Gated Analog Detection

A relatively inexpensive UV fluorometer has been developed for the temporal and spectral characterization of weak emissions, with the use of a frequency-doubled nitrogen-pumped dye laser for excitation wavelengths down to 260 nm. Gated detection of the photomultiplier pulse provides 0.1-ns resolution of the 1.4-ns FWHM instrument response function. On-line statistical measurements characterize the waveforms, with NATA, tryptophan, and NADH as model compounds providing emission signals of the order of the water Raman scatter signal. Time-decay waveforms are analyzed with the use of nonlinear least-squares fitting, with scatter or p-terphenyl as the reference, and a time shift. Good agreement with the literature is found for the subnanosecond and nanosecond decay times, with resolution of multiple decays down to several percent fractional emission. With multichannel data acquisition, a set of time-windowed emission spectra can be obtained in the same period as is required for an additional time-decay waveform. Time-windowed spectra and the derived decay-associated spectra provide evidence concerning the decay model in addition to spectral characteristics. Practical limitations include the peak current linearity of the photomultiplier and the wavelength variation of the response function.
Locative Mobile Social Networks: Mapping Communication and Location in Urban Spaces

This study conceptualizes the new spatial logic created by the social use of location aware mobile technologies, analyzing how mobile communities are formed by the mapping of social networks in urb...
Diagonalized Lagrangian Dynamics

The multibody dynamics models we have studied have used hinge coordinates and velocities, for the system-level generalized coordinate and velocity vectors.
Peroxisomes and photomorphogenesis.

In higher plants, light-grown seedlings exhibit photomorphogenesis, a developmental program controlled by a complex web of interactions between photoreceptors, central repressors, and downstream effectors that leads to changes in gene expression and physiological changes. Light induces peroxisomal proliferation through a phytochrome A-mediated pathway, in which the transcription factor HYH activates the peroxisomal proliferation factor gene PEX11b. Microarray analysis revealed that light activates the expression of a number of peroxisomal genes, especially those involved in photorespiration, a process intimately associated with photosynthesis. In contrast, light represses the expression of genes involved in β–oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle, peroxisomal pathways essential for seedling establishment before photosynthesis begins. Furthermore, the peroxisome is a source of signaling molecules, notably nitric oxide, which promotes photomorphogenesis. Lastly, a gain-of-function mutant of the peroxisomal membrane-tethered RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase PEX2 partially suppresses the phenotype of the photomorphogenic mutant det1. Possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are discussed.
Identity and Difference in “Filipino/a American” Media Arts

(1997). Identity and Difference in “Filipino/a American” Media Arts. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 137-162.
Venereal disease and the politics of prostitution in the Irish Free State

This article is intended primarily as a contribution to work on the regulation of sexuality in modern Ireland, but, more generally, it attempts to situate the Irish experience within a wider problematic concerning the relations of state and society in the regulation of prostitution. The regulation of sexuality in early twentieth-century Ireland has been a focus of concern for feminist historians in particular, and recent work has clearly demonstrated the salience of questions of gender and sexuality for the politics of the Saorstat. This article is directed at these same concerns, elaborating on a series of proposals to regulate prostitution in the Free State in the mid-1920s. But when discussing prostitution or sex work, the word ‘regulation’ can be used in a quite specific sense, ‘regulationism’ referring to the argument that the state should control venereal disease by registering prostituted women, inspecting them for signs of communicable venereal disease, and incarcerating the contagious in order to protect the health of both nation and state. The history of ‘regulationist’ policies in Europe and beyond allows a point of comparison by which we may understand the specifics of Ireland’s situation in the post-revolutionary era. The history of regulationism, in this technical sense, is a particularly useful context, not least because such policies amply acknowledge ‘the enduring power of the state as the author and executor of regulation’. Particularly important, in ways that suggest a direct parallel to the Irish experience in the early twentieth century, is the coextensive experience of state formation and the regulation of sex work, the most notable example being that of modern Italy.
Persister Cells and the Paradox of Chronic Infections: Dormant persister cells are tolerant to antibiotics and are largely responsible for recalcitrance of chronic infections

Chronic infections are often caused by pathogens that are susceptible to antibiotics, but the disease may be difficult or even impossible to eradicate with antimicrobial therapy. This paradox has been known for a very long time, and a solution appears to be in sight.
Influence of tetraazamacrocyclic ligands on the nitric oxide reactivity of their cobalt(II) complexes.

The reactions of cobalt(II) complexes of tetraazamacrocyclic tropocoronand (TC) ligands with nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. When [Co(TC-5,5)] was allowed to react with NO(g), the {CoNO}8 mononitrosyl [Co(NO)(TC-5,5)] was isolated and structurally characterized. In contrast, a {Co(NO)2}10 species formed when [Co(TC-6,6)] was exposed to NO(g), and the nitrito [Co(NO2)(TC-6,6)] complex was structurally and spectroscopically characterized from the reaction mixture. The {Co(NO)2}10 species was assigned as the bis(cobalt dinitrosyl) complex [Co2(NO)4(TC-6,6)] by spectroscopic comparison with independently synthesized and characterized material. These results provide the first evidence for the influence of tropocoronand ring size on the nitric oxide reactivity of the cobalt(II) complexes.
The core curricula of information systems undergraduate programs: A survey of AACSB-accredited colleges in the United States

ABSTRACTThe author examines the present state of information systems undergraduate programs in the United States. He reviewed 516 institutions and collected data on 234 institutions offering information systems (IS) undergraduate programs. Of seven core courses required by the IS 2010 curriculum model, four are required by more than 50% of the programs, but a descriptive model based on present results deviates from the IS 2010 model by only one course. Also, the adoption of the present top five commonly required courses has increased since 1991. Thus from the perspective of required core courses, IS undergraduate programs have largely come to an agreement on a set of core areas of knowledge.
Dynamic Changes in Local Protein Synthetic Machinery in Regenerating Central Nervous System Axons after Spinal Cord Injury

Intra-axonal localization of mRNAs and protein synthesis machinery (PSM) endows neurons with the capacity to generate proteins locally, allowing precise spatiotemporal regulation of the axonal response to extracellular stimuli. A number of studies suggest that this local translation is a promising target to enhance the regenerative capacity of damaged axons. Using a model of central nervous system (CNS) axons regenerating into intraspinal peripheral nerve grafts (PNGs) we established that adult regenerating CNS axons contain several different mRNAs and protein synthetic machinery (PSM) components in vivo. After lower thoracic level spinal cord transection, ascending sensory axons regenerate into intraspinal PNGs but axon growth is stalled when they reach the distal end of the PNG (3 versus 7 weeks after grafting, resp.). By immunofluorescence with optical sectioning of axons by confocal microscopy, the total and phosphorylated forms of PSMs are significantly lower in stalled compared with actively regenerating axons. Reinjury of these stalled axons increased axonal localization of the PSM proteins, indicative of possible priming for a subcellular response to axotomy. These results suggest that axons downregulate protein synthetic capacity as they cease growing, yet they retain the ability to upregulate PSM after a second injury.