cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small shear viscosity of a quark-gluon plasma implies strong jet quenching.

We derive an expression relating the transport parameter q-circumflex and the shear viscosity {eta} of a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma. A deviation from this relation can be regarded as a quantitative measure of 'strong coupling' of the medium. The ratio T{sup 3}/q-circumflex, where T is the temperature, is a more broadly valid measure of the coupling strength of the medium than {eta}/s, where s denotes the entropy density. Different estimates of q-circumflex derived from existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data are shown to imply radically different structures of the produced matter.
The chemistry of functional group arrays. Electrostatic catalysis and the intramolecular salt effect

Abstract Ionic groups and salt bridges in the active sites of enzymes are thought to have important effects upon substrate reactivity. This paper describes the evaluation of an ion pair as an intramolecular effector of reaction rate for an addition reaction. The results reveal that in chloroform the intramolecular salt effect can lead to very large rate enhancements. It is proposed that in this case the local effect of the ion pair probably depends upon two factors: the electrostatic effects of the salt pair and, to a lesser extent, an intramolecular hydrogen bond. This observation of large rate enhancements in nonpolar solvents provides evidence of the substantial effects that ion pairs within the active sites of enzymes could have on reaction rates. The most specific and strongest synthetic molecular associations have been reported for host-guest systems in chloroform, and it is foreseen that hydrogen bond based host-guest systems will be combined with the intramolecular salt effect to bring within reach a large class of new shape selective specific synthetic catalysts and molecular effectors.
An image fidelity approach to measuring the point spread function in electron and ion beam lithographies

Abstract In electron and ion beam direct write lithographies, the fidelity of a pattern is degraded by beam spreading and electron or ion interactions in the resist and substrate materials. This pattern degradation will lead to errors in pattern linewidths and possibly the blending together of closely spaced features. This is the proximity effect in electron beam lithography. Implicit in the beam spreading compensation process is the detailed knowledge and measurement of the beam point spread function. The successful lithographic reproduction of arbitrary patterns with critical dimensions necessitates a measurement of the point spread function to at least that dimension. The degree of compensation or correction that can be achieved depends directly upon the accuracy of the point spread function available. This paper will present experimental measurements of the point spread function using an image fidelity approach. These measurements are based on the extremely accurate transform based proximity correction methodology reported previously [1, 2, 3].
Expanding Participation in Alzheimer's Association Safe Return® by Improving Enrollment

Every adult with a diagnosis of progressive dementia is at risk for wandering away or becoming lost. Those with dementia may not have the capacity to remember crucial contact information or recognize an unsafe situation, so enrollment in a program like Alzheimer's Association Safe Return is crucial. One facility-level enrollment plan at the James A. Haley Veterans Hospital in Florida has had a relatively high participation rate. A mailed survey was used to help evaluate that enrollment process and the results are described here. Of 262 respondents to the survey, 193 (74%) indicated the person with dementia enrolled in Safe Return. Potential enrollees need the following facilitators: perception of an unsafe situation, financial support and easy processing. Safe Return is not just focused on those who wander but is essential for all persons with dementia as these individuals can become lost in the course of normal daily activities.
Protein modifications involved in neurotransmitter and gasotransmitter signaling

Covalent modifications of intracellular proteins, such as phosphorylation, are generally thought to occur as secondary or tertiary responses to neurotransmitters, following the intermediation of membrane receptors and second messengers such as cyclic AMP. By contrast, the gasotransmitter nitric oxide directly S-nitrosylates cysteine residues in diverse intracellular proteins. Recently, hydrogen sulfide has been acknowledged as a gasotransmitter, which analogously sulfhydrates cysteine residues in proteins. Cysteine residues are also modified by palmitoylation in response to neurotransmitter signaling, possibly in reciprocity with S-nitrosylation. Neurotransmission also elicits sumoylation and acetylation of lysine residues within diverse proteins. This review addresses how these recently appreciated protein modifications impact our thinking about ways in which neurotransmission regulates intracellular protein disposition.
Nonaxisymmetric vibration and acoustic radiation of a submerged cylindrical shell of finite length containing internal substructures

A modal‐based method is developed to analyze the acoustic radiation of axisymmetric submerged shells of finite length with internal substructures, subjected to nonaxisymmetric time‐harmonic loads. In this method, a variational principle is used to determine the relationship between the surface pressure and displacement of the shell, and Lagrange multipliers are used to account for the connections between the shell and the substructures. Fourier series expansions are used to represent the circumferential dependence of the surface pressure and displacement. The method is demonstrated by an extended analysis of a cylindrical shell with hemispherical elastic endcaps containing circular bulkheads. The dominant flexural wave numbers are identified from helical wave spectra. It is shown that the wave numbers of the dominant flexural waves are the same as those found in an infinite, fluid‐loaded cylindrical shell. The locus of wave numbers of the dominant flexural waves lies outside of the sonic cone for low to mid frequencies. However, it is shown that bulkheads can create amplification of the flexural waves with wave numbers within the sonic cone. This is confirmed by a computation of the net power radiated by the shell: The shell with bulkheads radiates more energy than the empty shell for ka≳0.5, where k is the acoustic wave number and a is the radius of the cylindrical shell.
Neutron transmission through curved nickel capillaries

Abstract Capillaries with metal surfaces can improve the transmission of thermal and cold neutrons for focusing devices on account of their greater critical angle and, therefore, greater angular acceptance than glass capillaries. The transmission characteristics of nickel tubes have been measured with both white beam and monochromatic neutrons. Results are given for curved nickel capillaries, and are compared with experimental results for glass capillaries and with results of computer simulations of the measurements.
The acquisition of the transitive and intransitive action verb categories in Japanese

The goal of this study was to use evidence from production data to identify three dimensions along which Japanese children may dis criminate transitive from intransitive verbs. The three dimensions are: (1) case marking, (2) locus of change animacy, as indicated by theme animacy, and (3) planning, as indicated by the appropriate use of verb suffixes denoting request, desire, and prohibition. Production data from two Japanese boys were used in cluster analyses that modelled the role of semantic and formal factors in the organization of the children's verb lexicons. The results confirmed that the semantic dimensions of theme animacy and the planning of an action were sufficient to classify children's verbs into transitive and intransitive groups. It is concluded that at a time when these Japanese children did not use case marking for classification, the children had verb lexicons that were already dif ferentiated into transitive and intransitive classes.
Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its downstream targets in SARS coronavirus-infected cells

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has become a global public health emergency. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SARS-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) is a rational approach for the prevention of SARS, and an understanding of the cellular stress responses induced by viral infection is important for understanding the CPEs. Polyclonal antibodies, which recognized nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, detected viral N and M proteins in virus-infected Vero E6 cells at least 6 and 12 h post-infection (h.p.i.), respectively. Furthermore, detection of DNA ladder and cleaved caspase-3 in the virus-infected cells at 24h.p.i. indicated that SARS-CoV infection induced apoptotic cell death. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was significantly up-regulated at 18 h.p.i. in SARS-CoV-infected cells. The downstream targets of p38 MAPK, MAPKAPK-2, HSP-27, CREB, and eIF4E were phosphorylated in virus-infected cells. The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, inhibited effectively phosphorylation of HSP-27, CREB, and eIF4E in SARS-CoV-infected cells. However, viral protein synthesis was not affected by treatment of SB203580.
A method to create simplified versions of existing habitat suitability index (HSI) models

The habitat evaluation procedures (HEP), developed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, are widely used in the United States to determine the impacts of major construction projects on fish and wildlife habitats. HEP relies heavily on habitat suitability index (HSI) models that use measurements of important habitat characteristics to rate habitat quality for a species on a scale of 0 (unsuitable) to 1.0 (optimal). This report describes a method to simplify existing HSI models to reduce the time and expense involved in sampling habitat variables. Simplified models for three species produced HSI values within 0.2 of those predicted by the original models 90% of the time. Simplified models are particularly useful for rapid habitat inventories and evaluations, wildlife management, and impact assessments in extensive areas or with limited time and personnel.
Intra-arterial reserpine for Raynaud's syndrome. Systemic reactions without therapeutic benefit.

• Twenty-four patients classified as having Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon were given bilateral brachial artery injections of reserpine or saline in a double-blind fashion. In the six weeks following injection, there was no indication that reserpine produced clinical improvement or changed vasomotor reactivity in the treated patients. However, intra-arterial reserpine did produce systemic cardiovascular effects lasting up to six weeks. It is concluded that intra-arterial reserpine as used in this study is an ineffective treatment for Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon and may have significant adverse effects. (Arch Dermatol1983;119:733-735)
Eye lens development and γ crystallins in Discoglossus pictus (Anura)

The ontogeny and localization of the γ crystallins in Discoglossus pictus lens development has been determined. Using antibody specific for amphibian γ crystallins in the immunofluorescence technique, it was found that γ crystallins first appear in primary lens fibre cells in the lens rudiment, and continue to be restricted to the fibre area as lens development progresses. Thus the role of γ crystallins as indicators of a differentiated state remains constant in amphibian evolution, having been demonstrated in the most archaic anuran superfamily, as well as in others more recently evolved.
The national archives and FBI records

Abstract In 1981, the National Archives and Records Service, pursuant to a court order, developed a special records retention plan for FBI files which had been destined for destruction. Some of the deficiencies of this plan, the methodology used to prepare it, and its implementation are discussed in this article.
LISA: Detecting Gravitational Waves from Space

The laser interferometer space antenna (LISA), a joint NASA/ESA mission, will be the first dedicated gravitational wave detector in space. This presentation will provide a tutorial of the LISA measurement concept.
When and how coupled-mode theory fails in high-index contrast arrayed and multi-slot waveguides

We describe a method of reconstruction for investigating the validity of coupled mode theory in deriving the coupling coefficients of high index contrast (silicon-on-insulator) arrayed waveguides. For three material systems (silicon and air, oxide, and nitride) we quantify at which separation distances the next-to-nearest-neighbor coupling becomes significant, and the precise way in which coupled-mode theory breaks down, by reconstructing a coupling matrix from the fields and propagation constants.
The N-terminal Domain Allosterically Regulates Cleavage and Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is activated upon endoproteolytic cleavage of specific segments in the extracellular domains of the α- and γ-subunits. Cleavage is accomplished by intracellular proteases prior to membrane insertion and by surface-expressed or extracellular soluble proteases once ENaC resides at the cell surface. These cleavage events are partially regulated by intracellular signaling through an unknown allosteric mechanism. Here, using a combination of computational and experimental techniques, we show that the intracellular N terminus of γ-ENaC undergoes secondary structural transitions upon interaction with phosphoinositides. From ab initio folding simulations of the N termini in the presence and absence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), we found that PIP2 increases α-helical propensity in the N terminus of γ-ENaC. Electrophysiology and mutation experiments revealed that a highly conserved cluster of lysines in the γ-ENaC N terminus regulates accessibility of extracellular cleavage sites in γ-ENaC. We also show that conditions that decrease PIP2 or enhance ubiquitination sharply limit access of the γ-ENaC extracellular domain to proteases. Further, the efficiency of allosteric control of ENaC proteolysis is dependent on Tyr(370) in γ-ENaC. Our findings provide an allosteric mechanism for ENaC activation regulated by the N termini and sheds light on a potential general mechanism of channel and receptor activation.
Predictors of Long-Term Opioid Use Among Patients With Painful Lumbar Spine Conditions

Our objective was to assess predictors of self-reported opioid use among patients with back pain due to lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Data were from the Spine Patient Out- comes Research Trial (SPORT), a multi-site observational study and randomized trial. We examined characteristics shown or hypothesized to be associated with opioid use. Using generalized estimating equations, we modeled associations of each potential predictor with opioid use at 12 and 24 months. At baseline, 42% of participants reported opioid use. Of these participants, 25% reported continued use at 12 months and 21% reported use at 24 months. In adjusted models, smoking (RR = 1.9, P < .001 at 12 months; RR = 1.5, P = .043 at 24 months) and nonsurgical treatment (RR = 1.7, P < .001 at 12 months; RR = 1.8, P = .003 at 24 months) predicted long-term opioid continuation. Among participants not using opioids at baseline, incident use was reported by 8% at 12 months and 7% at 24 months. We found no significant predictors of incident use at 12 or 24 months in the main models. In conclu- sion, nonsurgical treatment and smoking independently predicted long-term continued opioid use. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to assess predictors of long-term and incident opioid use among patients with lumbar spine conditions. Perspective: This longitudinal study of patients with disc herniation or spinal stenosis found that nonsurgical treatment and smoking predicted long-term self-reported opioid use. The greater risk of opioid continuation with nonsurgical therapy may be helpful in decision-making about treatment. The relationship between opioid use, smoking, and other substance use deserves further study.
Approximate implicit subspace iteration with alternating directions for LTI system model reduction

SUMMARY We propose an approximate implicit subspace iteration with alternating directions framework for linear time-invariant system model reduction. Within this framework, dominant eigensubspaces of the product of the system Gramians are approximated directly. This has advantage over approaches that consider the system Gramians separately. We construct two methods within the framework, one uses the QR updates and the other uses the SVD updates. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed methods. Copyright q 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Co/Pd Magnetic Multilayers

In this work, a combinatorial approach to the synthesis of magnetic multilayers is explored. Combinatorial libraries of Co/Pd multilayer thin films were prepared using off-axis magnetron sputtering to enable thickness gradients across the wafer-magnetic properties of the multilayers are controlled by the thicknesses of Co and Pd layers in the repeated bi-layer stack. Polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) was used to map magnetic properties of the combinatorial libraries. Multivariate regression analysis and back-propagation neural network (neural networks are known to better handle nonlinear approximations) were used to analyze the combinatorial data and to enable predictive capabilities. In the multivariate analysis, the relationship between the descriptive and output variables was approximated by a second order polynomial of Co and Pd thickness.The neural network model was utilized inversely to design a multilayer with pre-determined magnetic properties.
Effects of strategic lot-splitting in various manufacturing environments

A very simple lot-splitting rule, one tractable in any job shop, is presented. Its performance under identical conditions where the lot-splitting provision is removed is also examined. It is found that for all combinations of environment, routing strategy, and shop load, the lot-splitting provision offers a significant improvement in job timeliness at a modest increase in processing costs, despite the conventional wisdom that additional setups, especially at bottleneck machines, could further clog job throughput. The effect is more pronounced where there are greater imbalances in machine utilization. >
Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in the United States: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries [1, 2]. HEV, which is commonly spread by contaminated water in developing countries [3], causes both sporadic cases and large epidemics of hepatitis E. HEV infection is also associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, particularly during the third trimester of pregnancy, in developing countries [4–6]. In industrialized countries, HEV is occasionally implicated as the cause of sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. Some of these cases can be traced to travel to developing countries, but others have occurred among individuals reporting no foreign travel or contact with travelers [7–11]. Although, to date, autochthonous cases in industrialized countries remain few in absolute number, they have generated considerable interest in the scientific community. In contrast to travel-related cases, which have been primarily associated with HEV genotypes 1 and 2 (the principal causes of waterborne hepatitis E in developing countries), autochthonous cases of hepatitis E in industrialized countries are generally caused by HEV genotypes 3 and 4 [7–10]. In addition to causing occasional cases of human disease, these genotypes also circulate widely in swine populations [12] and can cause mild hepatitis in experimentally infected nonhuman primates [13]. These findings, along with other lines of evidence [13–17], suggest that some cases of autochthonous hepatitis E in industrialized countries could reflect zoonotic transmission. Questions persist, however, regarding the origin of autochthonous hepatitis E among persons in developed countries who do not report any exposure to animal HEV reservoirs [7, 8, 18–20]. Furthermore, sero-surveys have documented substantial HEV seroprevalence in blood donors in developed countries [21–26]; the mode of exposure and clinical significance of these infections are not well understood. To better understand the epidemiological profile of HEV in developed countries, we tested a nationally representative sample of the United States (US) population for anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, by use of a highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We documented overall and subgroup-specific HEV seroprevalences in the United States and examined associations between HEV sero-positivity and putative risk factors.
Changing Overweight Latino Preadolescent Body Mass Index: The Effect of the Parent-Child Dyad

Background: Latino children are disproportionately burdened by obesity. Objective: To assess whether body mass index (BMI) change in preadolescents reflected that of their participating parent. Methods: A total of 72 Latino overweight/obese preadolescents (BMI ≥ 85%) and a parent participated in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received 5 monthly 60-minute sessions at a recreation center (group physical activity, goal setting). The control group received 2 standard-of-care clinic visits plus a group discussion. Results: Between baseline and 6-month follow-up, 47% of children (mean change = -0.37, SD = 2.48) and 63% of parents (mean change = -0.88, SD = 3.53) decreased their BMI. Parent—child dyad BMI change was significantly correlated (r = .53, P = .001). In linear modeling, those preadolescents in the control group were more likely to lose absolute BMI units (-0.96, P = .03); whereas those who had parents who gained BMI over the time interval were more likely to increase their BMI (...
Perioperative stroke after total joint arthroplasty: prevalence, predictors, and outcome.

Background: The risk of perioperative stroke following cardiac and carotid artery surgery is well documented. There is an apparent lack of recognition and appreciation of this complication after total joint arthroplasty. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of, and outcome after, perioperative stroke following total joint arthroplasty. In addition, risk factors for the development of this complication were evaluated in an attempt to identify a strategy that could minimize the prevalence of this complication. Methods: We performed an observational study of 18,745 consecutive patients undergoing primary or revision total hip or total knee arthroplasty from 2000 to 2007 at our institution. The institutional perioperative stroke rate was 0.2% (thirty-six of 18,745). The thirty-six patients who had a stroke included seventeen men and nineteen women with a mean age of 68.2 years (range, forty-five to eighty-seven years). The average duration of follow-up for all patients and controls in the present study was sixty-two months (range, zero to 124.9 months). In a predictive model, different patient-related and surgery-related factors that could predispose patients to this complication and/or affect outcome were evaluated. Results: The first-year mortality among stroke patients was 25% (nine of thirty-six), and four of these nine patients died in the hospital following total joint arthroplasty. Of three patients who received emergency intra-arterial thrombolysis, two had complete neurologic recovery and one died in the hospital. The final regression model showed that a history of noncoronary heart disease, urgent (versus elective) surgery, general (versus regional) anesthesia, and an intraoperative arrhythmia or other alterations in the heart rate during surgery are significant predictors of perioperative stroke. Conclusions: Perioperative stroke is a rare but potentially devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Vigilant attention to prevent, detect, and treat this complication in a timely manner may alter the course of the disease. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
EcoDroid: an approach for energy-based ranking of Android apps

The ever increasing complexity of mobile apps comes with a higher energy cost, creating an inconvenience for users on batter-constrained mobile devices. At the same time, due to the meteoric rise of the numbers apps provisioned on app repositories, there are often multiple apps from the same category (e.g., Weather, dictionary) that provide similar features. In spite of similar functionality, the apps may present very different energy costs, due to the choices made in their design and construction. Given apps with similar features, users would prefer an app with the least energy cost. However, app repositories are currently lacking information about relative energy cost of apps in a given category, forcing the users to blindly choose an app for installation without a clear understanding of its energy implications. To address this issue, we have developed Eco Droid, an approach that ranks apps from the same category based on their energy consumption. To that end, Eco Droid uses both static and dynamic analyses to estimate energy consumption of apps in the same category and rank them accordingly. Our initial experiments have demonstrated the ability of Eco Droid in accurately ranking the energy cost of multiple apps from a particular category.
Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novel weapons and exotic invasion

Centaurea diffusa is one of the most destructive invasive weeds in the western USA and allelopathy appears to contribute to its invasiveness (Callaway & Aschehoug 2000). Here we identify a chemical from the root exudates of C. diffusa, 8-hydroxyquinoline, not previously reported as a natural product, and find that it varies biogeographically in its natural concentration and its effect as an allelochemical. 8-Hydroxyquinoline is at least three times more concentrated in C. diffusa-invaded North American soils than in this weed’s native Eurasian soils and has stronger phytotoxic effects on grass species from North America than on grass species from Eurasia. Furthermore, experimental communities built from North American plant species are far more susceptible to invasion by C. diffusa than communities built from Eurasian species, regardless of the biogeographical origin of the soil biota. Sterilization of North American soils suppressed C. diffusa more than sterilization of Eurasian soils, indicating that North American soil biota may also promote invasion by C. diffusa. Eurasian plants and soil microbes may have evolved natural resistance to 8-hydroxyquinoline while North American plants have not, suggesting a remarkable potential for evolutionary compatibility and homeostasis among plants within natural communities and a mechanism by which exotic weeds destroy these communities.
My thoughts are not your thoughts

Authenticating users of computer systems based on their brainwave signals is now a realistic possibility, made possible by the increasing availability of EEG (electroencephalography) sensors in wireless headsets and wearable devices. This possibility is especially interesting because brainwave-based authentication naturally meets the criteria for two-factor authentication. To pass an authentication test using brainwave signals, a user must have both an inherence factor (his or her brain) and a knowledge factor (a chosen passthought). In this study, we investigate the extent to which both factors are truly necessary. In particular, we address the question of whether an attacker may gain advantage from information about a given target's secret thoughts.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling interacts differentially with Ihh signaling in controlling endochondral bone and synovial joint formation

Both the Wnt/β-catenin and Ihh signaling pathways play essential roles in crucial aspects of endochondral ossification: osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. To understand the genetic interaction between these two signaling pathways, we have inactivated theβ -catenin gene and upregulated Ihh signaling simultaneously in the same cells during endochondral skeletal development using β-catenin and patched 1 floxed alleles. We uncovered previously unexpected roles of Ihh signaling in synovial joint formation and the essential function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating chondrocyte survival. More importantly, we found that Wnt and Ihh signaling interact with each other in distinct ways to control osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, survival and synovial joint formation in the developing endochondral bone. β-catenin is required downstream of Ihh signaling and osterix expression for osteoblast differentiation. But in chondrocyte survival, β-catenin is required upstream of Ihh signaling to inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. In addition, Ihh signaling can inhibit chondrocyte hypertrophy and synovial joint formation independently ofβ -catenin. However, there is a strong synergistic interaction between Wnt/β-catenin and Ihh signaling in regulating synovial joint formation.
Relation of Milk Serum Proteins and Milk Salts to the Effects of Heat Treatment on Rennet Clotting

Abstract A study was made of the effects of heat at 85 or 90°C. for 30min. on the rennet coagulability of skimmilk and of artificial systems composed of caseinate centrifuged from skimmilk and dispersed in milk dialysate with and without added milk serum proteins. Such heat treatments of skimmilk cause an immediate prolongation of the rennet clotting time at 35°C. and a further prolongation (hysteresis) when the heated sample is held following heating. These effects occurred with the artificial systems only if they contained β -lactoglobulin. Furthermore, 0.2% β -lactoglobulin added to skimmilk enhanced the magnitude of both the immediate prolongation and the hysteresis. Thus, heat treatment appears to alter β -lactoglobulin or to cause it to complex with casein in such a way that it inhibits rennet clotting. The rate of action of rennet at 16°C. is slower on heated than on raw milk, hence the heat-induced reactions involving β -lactoglobulin appear to interfere with the primary (enzymatic) action of rennet. Heat treatment of eight samples of skimmilk at 85°C. for 30min. caused an average transfer of 6mg. of calcium and 4mg. of phosphorus per 100ml. from the dissolved to the colloidal state. The dissolved calcium and phosphate tended to return to their original concentrations when heated milk was held cold. Dialysis of heated milk against a large volume of raw milk increased the colloidal phosphate and partially restored the rennet coagulability. These changes in state of calcium and phosphate occurred in the absence of β -lactoglobulin and were not enhanced in magnitude by added (0.2%) β -lactoglobulin. Thus, they seem to be independent of that protein. The hysteresis phenomenon may result from loss of colloidal calcium phosphate from the caseinate particles on holding after heating.
Fish oil fortification of soft goat cheese.

Abstract: Soft goat cheese was fortified with four levels of purified fish oil (0, 60, 80, and 100 g fish oil per 3600 g goat milk) prior to curd formation to deliver high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per serving. The cheese was evaluated for proximate composition, EPA+DHA content, oxidative stability, color, pH, and consumer acceptability. The cheese was partially vacuum packed and stored at 2 °C for four weeks. The fat content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the fortified treatments compared to the control, but was not significantly different among fortified treatments. Likewise, EPA+DHA contents were not significantly different among fortified samples, averaging 127 mg EPA+DHA per 28 g serving. No significant lipid oxidation was detected by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or hexanal and propanal headspace analyses over the four week refrigerated shelf-life study for any treatments. The fortified cheeses were all liked ‘moderately’ by consumers (n = 105) for overall acceptability, although the 60 g fortification level did rate significantly higher. The control cheese and the 60 g fortification level had no significant differences in consumer purchase intent. These results demonstrate that fortification levels of up to 127 mg EPA+DHA per serving may be added to soft cheese without negatively affecting shelf-life or consumer purchase intent. Practical Application: Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have strong associations with health and well-being, and fish oil is a rich source of these fatty acids. In this study, goat cheese was successfully fortified to deliver 127 mg omega-3 fatty acids per 28 g serving without affecting shelf life or consumer purchase intent.
Increased vertical dimension effects on masseter muscle fiber phenotype during maturation.

Abstract Objective: To determine changes in mouse myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression that may occur with a clinically relevant vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) increase. Materials and Methods: Six CD-1 male mice (age: 6 weeks) underwent a 10% bite opening to replicate the clinical condition using composite on the maxillary molars and were compared to six age-matched controls. Mice were sacrificed at day 7 and 14 after bite opening. A representative masseter transverse cryosection from each animal was examined in selected sampling regions (anterior, posterior, posterior-deep, and posterior-intermediate) to assay fiber phenotype proportions and fiber size. Results: In control masseter muscles, the proportion of muscle fibers containing MyHC IIb increased in the posterior-intermediate and posterior-deep regions between 7 and 14 days (ANOVA, P < .05). The increase in the proportion of MyHC IIb fibers in the bite opening group did not occur when compared to the control group (P < .05). In additi...
The Electronic Structure of NaCl:Cu

The one-electron energy levels of NaCl:Cu have been calculated by a charge-consistent extended Huckel approach. The lowest transition is found to be electric-dipole forbidden and its energy agrees with experiment when a Huckel constant of 2.0 is used. The ground state of the center is found to be partially covalent, with a net charge of +0.75 e on the Cu. Similar calculations on KCl:Cu tend to yield transitions too high in energy, although an estimate of the KCl valence band structure yields reasonable results. These results support the idea that the primary transition for on-site Cu is the crystalline analogue of S → D, and that the cases of apparent allowed transitions arise from admixture of P into D through the electric field associated with a stable off-center position of the Cu. It is suggested that the crystalline increase of the d10 → d9s transition energy arises in part from the penetration of d-orbitals into the ligand cores, with consequent lowering of their energies.
Engagement Theory in Action: An Investigation of Athletic Training Program Directors.

programs. Design and Setting: Athletic training e ducation p rogram directors completed the study’s instrument. Responses were analyzed using correlations and regression models following return of the instruments via United States mail. Subjects: Seventy-three u ndergraduate at hletic training education program directors for CAAHEP (now CAATE)accredited, entry-level programs completed the instrument for this study. Measurements: Subjects completed a demographic sheet indicating Car negie c lassification ( research and doctoral or comprehensive and baccalaureate), appointment type (administrative/academic or academic/athletic), and degree type (education or non-education). The participants also completed a faculty inventory based on the “Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education.” Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 10.0). The independent variables were institution type, program director appointment type, and terminal degree t ype. The dependent variables were t he c ollective and individual subscale s cores on t he inventory. Results: There were no differences in self reported principles of good pr actice between program directors of different institution, appointment or terminal degree types. It was clear however, that athletic training program directors across the country report use of quality practices in their teaching.
Homology of Complexes

Here we first meet the basic notions of homology in simple geometric cases where the homology group arises from a boundary operator. In general, an abelian group with a boundary operator is called a “differential group” or, when provided with dimensions, a “chain complex”. This chapter considers the algebraic process of constructing homology and cohomology groups from chain complexes. Basic is the fact (§ 4) that a short exact sequence of complexes gives a long exact sequence of homology groups. As illustrative background, the last sections provide a brief description of the singular homology groups of a topological space.
Evolution in Mechanical Circulatory Support: Are We at the Precipice of a Disruptive Innovation?∗

“It ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things.”—Niccolo Machiavelli [(1)][1] The growing population with advanced stage heart
The Dark Side of Virtual Office and Job Satisfaction

Virtual offices have been a growing trend in today’s work environment and have been used to improve organizational performance for several decades. However, more and more companies also experience the challenges and problems brought by the use of virtual office in current years. One famous example would be the Yahoo’s decision to withdraw its work-from-home program. Therefore, the studies about the dark side of virtual office start to attract interests from researchers and practitioners. This paper aims at providing a critical view of the changes in employees’ work life due to the shift to virtual office from four perspectives: communication, social relation, achievement recognition and work-life balance. This paper also discusses the impact of such changes on employees’ quality of work life in terms of job satisfaction. This paper intends to conceptually extend the understanding of alternative working arrangements by considering the “dark side” of virtual office in employees’ work life.
The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States

Ten years after the first generation of genetically engineered (GE) varieties became commercially available, adoption of these varieties by U.S. farmers is widespread for major crops. Driven by farmers' expectations of higher yields, savings in management time, and lower pesticide costs, the adoption of corn, soybean, and cotton GE varieties has increased rapidly. Despite the benefits, however, environmental and consumer concerns may have limited acceptance of GE crops, particularly in Europe. This report focuses on GE crops and their adoption in the United States over the past 10 years. It examines the three major stakeholders of agricultural biotechnology and finds that (1) the pace of R&D activity by producers of GE seed (the seed firms and technology providers) has been rapid, (2) farmers have adopted some GE varieties widely and at a rapid rate and benefited from such adoption, and (3) the level of consumer concerns about foods that contain GE ingredients varies by country, with European consumers being most concerned.
Neurologic complications of systemic cancer

Neurologic complications of systemic cancer are common. Metastatic complications include intracranial metastasis, spinal metastasis, leptomeningeal metastasis, and metastasis to peripheral nerves. Treatment is often effective in preventing further neurologic disability and pain. Early diagnosis is important. Nonmetastatic complications of systemic cancer include a wide variety of neurologic illnesses that can also occur in the noncancer population. The most common is toxic metabolic encephalopathy. Other nonmetastatic complications include cerebrovascular complications, complications of treatment, immunocompromised infections, and paraneoplastic syndromes.
Effect of hydrochlorthiazide on renal blood flow and clearance of para-aminohippurate and creatinine.

SummaryAdministration of hydrochlor-thiazide at a diuretic dose (5 mg/kg) did not alter either renal hemodynamics or the clearances of PAH and creatinine. When given at 10 mg/kg or at 30 mg/kg; hydrochlorthiazide depressed significantly the clearances of PAH and creatinine. Data are presented to show that the depression of PAH clearance is due to action of HCT on both the renal blood flow and on tubular secretion of PAH.
The Morality of Politics: The Muckrakers' Vision of Democracy

FR at least two lmtndred years the word "democracy" has fired American emotions. Denounced as "leveling" and "mob rule" or praised as "equality of condition" and "majority rule," the term has remained central to the language of politicians and reformers. Whether a reformer has embraced the cause of the landed aristocrat, the farmer, the laborer, the small entrepreneur, or the industrial capitalist, he most often has claimed to be the American democrat seeking to preserve the legacy of the national dream. The hybrid character of democracy has made almost any appeal reasonable to some.' As popular journalists in the early twentieth century, the muckrakers mounted a concentrated attack against the citadels of evil which they believed dominated the republican landscape. Lincoln Steffens, Ida M. Tarbell, Charles Edward Russell, and others posed as democrats trying to turn into success the failures of a democratic society. Many hoped, as Ray Stannard Baker later recalled, that they could shake the walls of corrupt Jericho by the blasts of their trumpets.2 Both the journalists and their historians congratulated themselves for heralding the potency of traditional principles to solve current problems. In 1905 Frederick C. Howe lauded the concept of popular government and confessed that "from a conviction that we had too much democracy I have come to the conviction that we have too little democracy." Benjamin 0. Flower, editor of The Arena, agreed with Tocqueville that "the cure for the evils of democracy is more democracy."3 In a recent essay, "The Muck-
Departure Status: The effect of leaving a misconduct firm on director labor market outcomes

Following revelations of financial misconduct, those sitting on the board of directors typically lose seats on other boards. A growing body of literature seeks to understand the factors that impact individual outcomes following revelations of misconduct. One such factor is director departure from the misconduct firm, an ambiguous signal that can be seen as either pro-active distancing on the part of the director or scapegoating on the part of the firm. I argue that the market interpretation of departure from the misconduct firm is moderated by the status of both the individual director and the fraud firm. Using a sample of U.S. corporations that restated earnings between 1997 and 2003, I find that high-status directors fare significantly better on the market for directors than do their lower-status peers when they dissociate from the restating firm. In addition, those departing high-status boards fare worse than others when they dissolve ties before their terms expire. Taken together, my results suggest t...
Formal Safety Certification of Auto-Generated Aerospace Software [invited]

Code generators can address many of the increasing demands placed on software in the aerospace industry, yet trust in the code produced by commercial generators is notoriously difficult to achieve and traditionally relies on qualification of the generator. We describe an alternative approach that directly ensures trust in each individual generated program, using a combination of three fully automated formal techniques: i.) the generation of safety proofs, ii.) the generation of documentation that explains the generated code, and iii.) the generation of hyperlinks between all the elements of the code generation and certification process. Our approach is integrated with the AutoFilter generator for state estimation code, but it could, in principle, also be integrated with commercial code generators such as RealTime Workshop.
EFFECT OF BETA-BLOCKADE ON CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT RATES IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC AORTIC STENOSIS

Beta-blockers (BB) are frequently avoided in aortic stenosis (AS) patients because of fear of depression of left ventricular function. We evaluated if BB increased the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with mild to moderate AS. Post-hoc analysis from the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic
On Ancient Chinese Ceramic Shape Function and Social Development

Starting with the function of the ancient Chinese ceramic shape,culture,politics,economy,philosophy and religion contained ceramic shaping function during the social development are discussed,aiming to obtain the practicality and operability of the abudent Chinese cultural legacy linking the modern society.
Impact of Dawn–Dusk Satellite AMSU-A Data on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and the Implications for Three-Orbit Constellation

This study demonstrates the importance of an early morning orbit satellite for improved coastal quantitative precipitation forecasts(QPFs) near the Gulf of Mexico. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A(AMSU-A) radiance observations from the early morning satellite NOAA-15, the mid-morning satellite Met Op-A, and the afternoon satellite NOAA-18, are assimilated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI). For the Gulf coast precipitation case selected in this study, two pairs of data assimilation and forecasting experiments are carried out to compare the differences in QPFs with and without assimilating AMSU-A data from NOAA-15. It is shown that the two orbits provided by NOAA-18 and Met Op-A render both the Gulf of Mexico and the western continent of the United States as two data-void areas at 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC. The NOAA-15 orbit fills these data gaps. Adding NOAA-15 AMSU-A data into GSI data assimilation results in a consistently positive impact on the QPFs near the Gulf coast. It is thus suggested to have a continual availability of an early morning orbiting satellite with an AMSU-A or AMSU-A-like instrument onboard. A partial solution would be a sustained effort to maintain the NOAA-15 AMSU-A for longer-lived operation.
Heat Kernel Asymptotics

This is the main chapter of the book describing the crucial ingredients of the heat kernel method. It is an enhanced version of the singular perturbation method described in the previous chapter due to a heavy use of geometric techniques. The main goal is to compute the short-time asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel and the corresponding expansion of the Green function.
Kawasaki disease: etiopathogenesis and novel treatment strategies

Introduction: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis that predominantly occurs in children below five years of age. Its etiopathogenesis is still not clear, but it is thought to b...