cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual Images as Tools of Teacher Inquiry

As aspiring professionals, pre-service teachers must become good consumers of educational research as well as competent researchers who can use tools of inquiry to improve their practice and conduct their own educational research. Many, however, resist learning research skills or find difficulties in doing so. This article presents ways in which learning in a graduate research class was prompted by methods of multimodal analysis and composition. The graduate-level teacher candidates in the class were taught, in particular, to use visual images as analytical and generative tools, and in doing so, they came to learn about the research process and their role as researchers. Moreover, working with visual images allowed the pre-service teachers increasing clarity in observations and interpretations of what they were seeing in classrooms where they were observing. By using visual images, teacher candidates seemed to arrive at theoretical insights that were possibly predictive of future, productive classroom pra...
Treatment of Landfill Leachate At Publicly Owned Treatment Works

This project investigates the discharge of landfill leachate into a municipal wastewater collection system with subsequent treatment at the municipal treatment plant. Leachates from disposal sites can be mixed with municipal wastewater and treated by wastewater treatment plants using secondary aerobic treatment. The leachates are effluents, high in organic content which are in many instances similar to industrial effluents. Experimental studies with simulated landfill leachate have shown that if a wastewater treatment plant is to accept this type of effluent, the following conditions must be met. First, air supply and oxygen transfer capacity must be sufficient to maintain aerobic conditions within the aeration basin with the increase in the organic loads. Second, sufficient nutrient concentations (especially phosphorus) must be observed in order to maintain necessary operating conditions.
Harmonic filtering in power applications

One suggested solution to line-current harmonics injected by rectifying power converters is the placement of series-resonant filters across the line supply feeders. For effective filtering, the filter impedance level must be comparable to the source impedance. A useful design parameter for the filter impedance level is the characteristic resistance or impedance. An example of personal computer power supplies is used to indicate the degree of harmonic filtering achieved as a function of this characteristic resistance. Computer analysis using PSPICE shows that the reduction in harmonics produced by filters is achieved at the expense of large increases in the active component of line current. This increase can require much larger supply conductors. >
Imaging mass spectrometry reveals unique protein profiles during embryo implantation.

Areciprocalinteractionbetweentheimplantation-competent blastocystandreceptiveuterusisanabsoluterequirementfor implantation, a process crucial for pregnancy success. A comprehensive understanding of this interaction has yet to be realized. One major difficulty in clearly defining this discourseisthecomplexityoftheimplantationprocessinvolving heterogeneous cell types of both the uterus and blastocyst, each endowed with unique molecular signatures that show dynamic changes during the course of pregnancy. Whereas gene expression studies by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry have shown differential expression patterns of specific genes during implantation, there is no report how numerous signaling proteins are spatially displayed at specific times and stages of implantation in the context of blastocyst-uterine juxtaposition. Using in situ imaging (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry directly on uterine sections, here we provide molecular composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of a large number of proteins during the periimplantation period. This approach has allowed us for the first time to generate in situ proteomeprofilesofimplantationandinterimplantationsites in mice in a region- and stage-specific manner with the progression of implantation. This application is reliable because patterns of expression of several proteins displayed by in situ imaging mass spectrometry correlate well with in situ hybridization results. More interestingly, the use of this approach has provided new insights regarding uterine biology of cytosolic phospholipase A2 null females that show implantation defects. (Endocrinology 149: 3274–3278, 2008)
Some remarks on the compressed zero-divisor graph

Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with 1 ≠ 0 . The zero-divisor graph Γ ( R ) of R is the (undirected) graph with vertices the nonzero zero-divisors of R, and distinct vertices r and s are adjacent if and only if r s = 0 . The relation on R given by r ∼ s if and only if ann R ( r ) = ann R ( s ) is an equivalence relation. The compressed zero-divisor graph Γ E ( R ) of R is the (undirected) graph with vertices the equivalence classes induced by ∼ other than [0] and [1], and distinct vertices [ r ] and [ s ] are adjacent if and only if r s = 0 . Let R E be the set of equivalence classes for ∼ on R. Then R E is a commutative monoid with multiplication [ r ] [ s ] = [ r s ] . In this paper, we continue our study of the monoid R E and the compressed zero-divisor graph Γ E ( R ) . We consider several equivalence relations on R and their corresponding graph-theoretic translations to Γ ( R ) . We also show that the girth of Γ E ( R ) is three if it contains a cycle and determine the structure of Γ E ( R ) when it is acyclic and the monoids R E when Γ E ( R ) is a star graph.
Human Cytomegalovirus US28 Is Important for Latent Infection of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

UNLABELLED Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). During latency, only a subset of HCMV genes is transcribed, including one of the four virus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), US28. Although US28 is a multifunctional lytic protein, its function during latency has remained undefined. We generated a panel of US28 recombinant viruses in the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-derived clinical HCMV strain TB40/E-mCherry. We deleted the entire US28 open reading frame (ORF), deleted all four of the viral GPCR ORFs, or deleted three of the HCMV GPCRs but not the US28 wild-type protein. Using these recombinant viruses, we assessed the requirement for US28 during latency in the Kasumi-3 in vitro latency model system and in primary ex vivo-cultured CD34(+) HPCs. Our data suggest that US28 is required for latency as infection with viruses lacking the US28 ORF alone or in combination with the remaining HCMV-encoded GPCR results in transcription from the major immediate early promoter, the production of extracellular virions, and the production of infectious virus capable of infecting naive fibroblasts. The other HCMV GPCRs are not required for this phenotype as a virus expressing only US28 but not the remaining virus-encoded GPCRs is phenotypically similar to that of wild-type latent infection. Finally, we found that US28 copurifies with mature virions and is expressed in HPCs upon virus entry although its expression at the time of infection does not complement the US28 deletion latency phenotype. This work suggests that US28 protein functions to promote a latent state within hematopoietic progenitor cells. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that, once acquired, remains with its host for life. HCMV remains latent, or quiescent, in cells of the hematopoietic compartment and upon immune challenge can reactivate to cause disease. HCMV-encoded US28 is one of several genes expressed during latency although its biological function during this phase of infection has remained undefined. Here, we show that US28 aids in promoting experimental latency in tissue culture.
Musty Aroma Compounds Produced by Selected Molds and Actinomycetes on Agar and Whole Wheat Bread.

Musty aroma compounds produced by cultures of Streptomycetes odorifer , Streptomycetes griscus , Penicillium roqueforti , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , and Botrytis cineria when grown on agar and whole wheat bread were isolated and identified using headspace entrainment and GC-MS analysis. Actinomycete cultures produced the most intense musty aromas, which were attributed to the presence of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, whereas P. roqueforti and B. cineria cultures produced an overall musty-fruity odor quality caused by the combination of 2-methylisoborneol and 8-carbon alcohols and ketones. Several musty compounds in the cultures were not identified including an intensely musty, cat-like aroma compound produced by A. flavus . Seven musty aroma-type categories are proposed to assist in defining musty taints produced by microorganisms in food and feedstuffs.
Israel's Voice Muffled Amid Hail of Stones: Distortion: Confronted with a Campaign of Violence and Propaganda, Israel Goes Unheard in the Court of World Opinion

"I am in the U.S. until February. A few weeks ago, I went to our embassy in Washington and offered to speak on Israel's behalf, to present the true story of what's going on, to counter the very effective job being done by the Palestinians of making it appear as if they are Davids fighting Goliath, and we are not getting the truth out. But the people at the embassy just shrugged."He knows that in 1948 some 630,000 Arab refugees were encouraged to leave Israel by their leaders, who promised to purge the land of Jews. Instead, they became the only refugee group in the world that has never been absorbed into their own peoples' countries.Finally, he knows that the United Nations has passed hundreds of resolutions directed solely against Israel, but was utterly silent while, between 1948 and 1967, over 50 Jerusalem synagogues and an ancient Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives were destroyed and desecrated by the Arabs, who also prevented Jews from visiting their holy shrines.
On the Nature of the Proteolytic Substances in the Blood

Vaughan,1 in 1906, advanced the idea that anaphylactic shock is caused by an intoxication with protein-split products, and that the condition of hypersusceptibility is due to an increase in the protein-splitting power of the blood. Since the work of Vaughan a mass of evidence in support of this view has developed. The toxicity of protein-split products has been shown by Vaughan and Wheeler,2 and Biedl and Kraus.* The production of protein-split products by the action of the serum of hypersensitive animals on the sensitizing antigen has been demonstrated by Pfeiffer and Mita,4 and Rosenow.s Recently Friedberger and his associates,6 Neufeld and Dold,? and Rosenow,8 have demonstrated the production of substances of t he nature of protein-split products by the action of immune serum on bacterial antigen. Vaughan, Cummings, and Wright9 have produced continuous fever by repeated injections of small quantities of protein substances such as egg white. The parenteral digestion of bacterial proteins assumes therefore an important role in the production of the intoxications associated particularly with those organisms producing the so-called endotoxins.
σ Bond Activation by Cooperative Interaction with ns2 Atoms: Be + nH2, n = 1−3

Ab initio investigations at the MP2, CCSD(T), and MRCISD levels of theory with augmented triple-ζ basis sets have identified and characterized various stationary points on the Be/(H2)n, n = 1−3, hypersurfaces. The van der Waals complexes, Be(H2)n, are very weakly bound (De = 0.08−0.32 kcal/mol with respect to H2 loss) with H2/H2 interactions playing an important role in determining equilibrium structures which can be understood in terms of the various relevant long-range potentials. The covalent molecule, BeH2, is found to have a linear, centrosymmetric structure and to be strongly bound with respect to Be + H2, in agreement with previous calculations. BeH2 interacts weakly with additional H2 molecules (De < 0.75 kcal/mol) which are positioned parallel to the near-linear BeH2 moiety in the equilibrium structures of the BeH2(H2)n-1 complexes. Of particular interest is the dramatic change in the nature of the transition state for BeH2 production depending on the number of H2 molecules present. For n = 1, th...
Microcystic Serous Cystadenoma of the Pancreas With Subtotal Cystic Degeneration: Another Neoplastic Mimic of Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Background Pancreatic serous cystadenomas are benign cystic neoplasms. Extensive degeneration mimicking a pancreatic pseudocyst has been described in several types of pancreatic neoplasms but has not been documented in serous cystadenomas. We report subtotal cystic degeneration of microcystic serous cystadenomas (MSCA) that produces radiographic, gross, and microscopic overlap with pancreatic pseudocyst. Materials and methods Resected MSCA with degenerative change were identified from the pathology archives of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins Hospital. The clinical, radiographic, gross, and microscopic findings were reviewed. Results Eight MSCAs with subtotal cystic degeneration were retrieved from among 397 resected serous cystadenomas (2.0%). There were 2 men and 6 women (mean age, 52 y). Available radiographic studies showed classic features of MSCA in 2 of 4 cases. Four cysts were unilocular, and 4 were multilocular. Gross features of MSCA were noted focally in the multilocular cases but were not evident in the unilocular examples. The predominant histologic features were those of pancreatic pseudocyst, including a fibrotic cyst wall lacking epithelium and instead composed of myofibroblastic proliferation, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Residual foci of MSCA were embedded in fibrosis, comprising 5% to 60% of the tumor volume. Conclusions Most pancreatic serous cystadenomas display characteristic morphology, including a glycogen-rich epithelial lining and prominent subepithelial capillaries; however, extensive degenerative macrocystic change can obscure these classic features. This phenomenon is to be distinguished from macrocystic serous cystadenoma, in which thin-walled macrocystic spaces are epithelium lined. Thus, serous cystadenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses with extensive degenerative cystic change.
People, Interacting with Information1

Recent recognition in IR that people engage in information seeking sessions; attempts to formally model search sessions; and, the move toward evaluation of IR systems over entire search sessions, are evidence of a new, broader understanding of IR's goals. This move takes IR's goal beyond identification of relevant information objects, to supporting people in achievement of the goal or task which led them to engage in information seeking. The emergence of the term, interactive information retrieval, the amount of research conducted under that rubric, and the lack of agreement about how to conduct and evaluate such research, testify to both the significance and the difficulty of addressing this new goal. In this new context, IR faces daunting challenges, including: understanding why people engage in information seeking; identifying aspects of that condition that need to be considered in supporting them in achieving their goals; designing support for evolving user goals and knowledge; and, perhaps most daunting, how to evaluate, in ways as rigorous and successful as IR evaluation has been to date, IR systems which attempt to address this broader goal. I, and others, have proposed that moving from relevance to usefulness as the main criterion for evaluation of IR system performance, could provide a basis for addressing many of these challenges. In this paper, I discuss how such a move might be implemented, some possible alternative means for addressing this broader goal for IR, and what serious attention to users of IR systems, and their interactions with information objects and systems, could mean for research and practice of IR.
Analysis of HIV antibody screening and VCT data in Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province (2011-2012)

Objective To understand the HIV epidemic characteristics among different groups in Zhongshan city,Guangdong province,to provide information for HIV prevention and control.Methods From 2011 to 2012,the HIV antibody testing data of screening laboratories and confirmed laboratory were collected.The HIV voluntary counseling and testing data were downloaded from China information system for disease control and prevention .SPSS was used for data analysis.Results A total of 77.4 million man-time received HIV antibody screening from 2011 to 2012,and the proportion of those receiving HIV screening among the permanent inhabitant was estimated to be 12.00% each year.The overall HIV antibody screening positive rate was 0.18%(95% CI: 0.17%-0.19%).The HIV antibody screening positive rate of men who had sex with men,drug users of compulsory / drug treatment center,and common people visiting hospitals were 10.65%(95% CI: 8.56%-12.74%),4.30%(95% CI: 3.79%-4.82%),and 0.10%(95% CI: 0.09%-0.10%) respectively.Conclusions HIV prevalence remains low in the population of common people in Zhongshan city,Guangdong province.However,men who had sex with men and drug users had much higher prevalence.The large-scale HIV antibody screening test is useful to estimate HIV prevalence among different groups of people.
Studies in procollagen. I. Solubility.

Summary1. Procollagen has been prepared from rabbit skin and its solubility characteristics studied. 2. Both citrate and calciumions exert a strong solubilizing action on procollagen. Added acid mucopolysaccharides from skin and chondroitinsulfuric acid from cartilage show little, if any, influence on the solubility of procollagen.
Erratum to: The content and availability of information affects the evolution of social-information gathering strategies

Social animals can gather information by observing the other members of their groups. Strategies for gathering this type of social information have many components. In particular, an animal can vary the number of other animals it observes. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in flight pay attention to a number of neighbors that allows the flock to reach consensus quickly and robustly. The birds may do this because being in such a flock confers benefits on its members, or the birds may use the strategy that is individually beneficial without regard for the flock’s structure. To understand when individual-level optimization results in a group-level optimum, we develop a model of animals gathering social information about environmental cues, where the cue can be about either predators or resources, and we analyze two processes through which the number of neighbors changes over time. We then identify the number of neighbors the birds use when the two dynamics reach equilibrium. First, we find that the equilibrium number of neighbors is much lower when the birds are learning about the presence of resources rather than predators. Second, when the information is about the presence of predators, we find that the equilibrium number of neighbors increases as the information becomes more widespread. Third, we find that an optimization process converges on strategies that allow the flock to reach consensus when the information is about the presence of abundant resources, but not when it is about the presence of scarce resources or predators.
Native Spiral-Computertomographie in der Akutdiagnostik von Flankenschmerzen Untersuchung bei Kontraindikationen zur Kontrastmittelgabe

In einer prospektiven Untersuchung wurde die diagnostische Aussagekraft der nativen Spiral-Computertomographie (Spiral-CT) im Vergleich zur Abdomenubersichtsrontgenaufnahme (AUS) und zur Sonographie des Harntrakts bei 53 Patienten mit Flankenschmerzen uberpruft. Bei diesen war die intravenose Applikation von Kontrastmittel (KM) kontraindiziert. Die Bestatigung der Diagnose erfolgte bei 44 der 53 Falle durch retrograde Ureteropyelographie, in 9 Fallen durch Steinasservation und klinischen Verlauf. Abgesehen von einem falsch-positiven Befund konnte die Spiral-CT alle 34 vorliegenden Harnleitersteine korrekt identifizierten, wahrend die AUS 6 falsch-positive und 17 falsch-negative Befunde lieferte. Die native Spiral-CT erreicht damit in der Abklarung von Flankenschmerzen eine deutlich hohere diagnostische Wertigkeit (Sensitivitat 100%, Spezifitat 95%) als die konventionelle Rontgendiagnostik und die Sonographie. Bei Patienten mit Kontraindikationen gegen eine KM-Gabe ist dieses nicht-invasive Verfahren somit Methode der Wahl.
The Object of His Heart: Subjectivity and Affect in Mystic Texts

This essay examines how attention to affect in mystic texts complicates notions of subjectivity by highlighting the relational effects of affect. Noting that recent pre-modern scholarship has favored the history of emotion over affect studies, this essay turns instead to an investigation of the ways that affect can be discerned in historical and literary texts. Shifting attention to the way affect travels between author, text, and reader allows me to problematize the formulation of the mystic/woman as a hyper-emotional subject and move towards an investigation of how the cultivation and repetition of affect contribute to the formation of relational communities.
Microbiological Safety of Cheese Made from Heat-Treated Milk, Part II. Microbiology.

A review of epidemiological literature identified six illness outbreaks transmitted via U.S. produced cheese during 40 years, 1948-1988. During these four decades, the United States cheese industry produced over 100 billion pounds of natural cheese (not including cottage and related varieties). The most frequent causative factor in U.S. and Canadian cheese-related outbreaks was post-pasteurization contamination. Faulty pasteurization equipment or procedures were implicated in one outbreak each in the U.S. and Canada. Use of raw milk was a factor in one outbreak in each country. Inadequate time-temperature combinations used for milk heat treatment were not implicated. The epidemiology of cheese-related outbreaks in the U.S., Canada, and Europe demonstrated that soft surface-ripened cheese, e.g. Camembert and Brie, are at significantly greater risk to transmit pathogens than other cheeses. No outbreaks were linked to hard Italian varieties, e.g. Parmesan, Romano, and Provolone. Varieties such as Cheddar and Swiss were infrequently involved. A variety of pathogens have been isolated from raw milk. Some, including Salmonella , Listeria , and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli can survive and grow in some cheeses. In one of the few published studies of milk heat-treatment for cheesemaking, multistrain or species mixtures of pathogens were inoculated into raw milk at levels of 105/ml which was heat-treated in a commercial HTST pasteurizer - mean holding time 17.6 s, minimum 16.2 s. All strains of Yersinia enterocolitica , Campylobacter sp., Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and all but one Salmonella species were destroyed at 65°C (149°F). Salmonella senftenberg (rarely isolated from cheese) was inactivated at 69°C (156.2°F). Listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated milk at levels of 104 organisms per ml was inactivated at 66°C (150.8°F); laboratory-cultured inoculum at levels of 105 organisms per ml required 69.0°C (156.2°F). A multiplicity of practices other than pasteurization or heat-treatment contribute significantly to the microbiological safety of cheese. Some, such as milk quality management, lactic culture management, pH control, salt addition, and controlled curing conditions are established technologies. Others represent potential opportunities, such as natural inhibitory substances in milk, antibacterial substances, e.g. nisin and lysozyme.
Cloning of the Dog Na+/K+-ATPase α1-Subunit

Many of the kinetic, proteolytic and structural studies on the Na+/K+-ATPase have been conducted on the enzyme isolated from the dog kidney. While the cDNA for the dog βlsubunit is available (1), the cDNA coding for the a-subunit has not been isolated. The availability of the dog a-subunit cDNA will make it possible to compare previous studies with results obtained from the expression of the dog kidney subunit. The purpose of this study was to isolate the cDNA coding for the a-subunit from the dog kidney.
Linguistic fuzzy logic control of a double inverted pendulum with destabilizing fractional dampers

In this paper, a fuzzy controller is designed for a mechanical system with fractional damping without a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. Because of the constitutive equation of the damping, equations of motion of the system consist of fractional order terms. In the process of developing the fuzzy controller, the fuzzy rules are selected based on the human brain functions. The controller is first implemented for the case of a single inverted pendulum with destabilizing fractional dampings mounted on a cart, i.e. a two degree of freedom (DOF) system, where the functions of human brain in balancing a stick on a fingertip are used to train the fuzzy rules. Then, by extending the linguistic rules, the controller is applied to a double inverted pendulum with destabilizing fractional dampings mounted on a cart, i.e. a three DOF system. Since the linguistic rules are based on qualitative motion of the pendulums, the controller is capable bringing the system to rest at the unstable equilibrium point despite the fractional destabilizing damping in the system. Finally, the numerical results of the both examples are discussed.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Use of Anti-Thymocyte Globulin for Induction Therapy in Cardiac Transplantation: A Review

The most common causes of death after heart transplantation (HTx) include acute rejection and multi-organ failure in the early period and malignancy and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in the late period. Polyclonal antibody preparations such as rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) may reduce early acute rejection and the later occurrence of CAV after HTx. ATG therapy depletes T cells, modulates adhesion and cell-signaling molecules, interferes with dendritic cell function, and induces B-cell apoptosis and regulatory and natural killer T-cell expansion. Evidence from animal studies and from retrospective clinical studies in humans indicates that ATG can be used to delay calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) exposure after HTx, thus benefiting renal function, and to reduce the incidence of CAV and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the transplanted heart. ATG may reduce de novo antibody production after HTx. ATG does not appear to increase cytomegalovirus infection rates with longer prophylaxis (6-12 months). In addition, ATG may reduce the risk of lymphoproliferative disease and does not appear to confer an additive effect on acquiring lymphoma after HTx. Randomized, controlled trials may provide stronger evidence of ATG association with patient survival, graft rejection, renal protection through delayed CNI initiation, as well as other benefits. It can also help establish optimal dosing and patient criteria to maximize treatment benefits.
Electrospun lignin carbon nanofiber membranes with large pores for highly efficient adsorptive water treatment applications

Abstract The adsorption performance of activated carbon largely depends on its physical and chemical properties. Carbon formed into nanofiber mats/membranes has the potential to improve the performance of traditional activated carbon. For this study, electrospun carbon nanofiber membranes were prepared from lignin or polyacrylonitrile (PAN). These carbon nanofibers, along with PAN microfibers (MF), and a commercial granulated activated carbon (GAC), were evaluated by determining methylene blue adsorption capacity, iodine number, kinetics of adsorption, efficacy in removing organic acids from a contaminated water and flow permeability. Results suggest that the electrospun lignin nanofiber membranes offer approximately 10-times higher adsorption capacity, provide two-times faster adsorption kinetics, and six-times higher permeability than traditional activated carbon sources. A high specific surface area (583 m2/g), larger average pore diameter (3.5 nm), and high pore volume (0.29 cm3/g) for the lignin nanofibers relative to other carbon adsorbents provided the opportunity to capture more contaminants in shorter residence times, making them highly efficient for adsorptive water treatments. A preliminary energy and economic evaluation for implementation of the lignin carbon nanofiber membranes into a water treatment process showed that lignin nanofibers could reduce energy consumption by 87%.
A Decade of Community Engagement Literature: Exploring Past Trends and Future Implications.

Academic journals play a lead role in disseminating community–campus engagement scholarship. However, assessment of the content, methodologies, and authorship of this published body of works is lacking. This study was performed to review publication trends in the Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement (JHEOE), an academic journal focused on community engagement and outreach, during a 10-year time span. A content analysis framework was used to incorporate descriptive and correlational analyses. Two findings were of particular note. One was the increased prominence of articles on service-learning in the most recent years examined. Another was the absence of articles treating finance, strategic planning, community voice, and faculty promotion and tenure. Because these topics have significance for institutionalizing community engagement in higher education, this trend suggests an opportunity to broaden the topics published in the Journal and the field.
Neuronal and molecular mechanisms of sleep homeostasis

Sleep is necessary for survival, and prolonged waking causes a homeostatic increase in the need for recovery sleep. Homeostasis is a core component of sleep regulation and has been tightly conserved across evolution from invertebrates to man. Homeostatic sleep regulation was first identified among insects in cockroaches several decades ago, but the characterization of sleep rebound in Drosophila melanogaster opened the use of insect model species to understand homeostatic functions and regulation of sleep. This review describes circuits in two neuropil structures, the central complex and mushroom bodies, that influence sleep homeostasis and neuromodulatory systems that influence the accrual of homeostatic sleep need.
A Millimeter-Wave Non-Magnetic Passive SOI CMOS Circulator Based on Spatio-Temporal Conductivity Modulation

Linear, time-invariant, passive circuits and systems constructed from conventional materials with symmetric permittivity and permeability tensors are reciprocal. Breaking Lorentz reciprocity enables the implementation of non-reciprocal components, such as gyrators, isolators, and circulators, which find application in numerous wireless communication systems. Non-reciprocal components are traditionally implemented using ferrite materials, which exhibit the Faraday effect under the application of an external magnetic field bias. However, ferrite materials cannot be integrated into CMOS fabrication processes and require an external biasing magnet, and hence are bulky and expensive. Recently, there has been significant research interest in the implementation of non-magnetic non-reciprocal components using temporal modulation, including a fully integrated 25-GHz circulator in a 45-nm SOI CMOS, demonstrating magnetic-free passive non-reciprocity on silicon at millimeter waves for the first time. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the millimeter-wave circulator in both time and frequency domains. Millimeter-wave non-reciprocal operation is enabled by the concept of spatio-temporal conductivity modulation, which achieves broadband non-reciprocal gyrator functionality over theoretically infinite bandwidth (BW). When compared with prior approaches based on N-path filters, spatio-temporal conductivity modulation requires only four-phase 50% duty-cycle clocking at frequencies significantly lower than the operation frequency, enabling scaling to millimeter waves. The 25-GHz circulator achieves minimum transmitter (TX)-to-antenna (ANT)/ANT-to-receiver (RX) insertion losses of 3.3 dB/3.2 dB, respectively, with a 1-dB BW of 4.6 GHz. TX-to-RX isolation is 18.3–21.2 dB (limited by the measurement setup) over the same BW. The circulator IC occupies an area of 1.2 mm $\times $ 1.8 mm ( $\lambda /8 \times \lambda $ /6). The spatio-temporal conductivity modulation concept is readily scalable across frequency and can be an enabler for higher millimeter-wave (e.g., 77 GHz) circulators as well as optical isolators.
Categories and Cognitive Anthropology

Abstract In this chapter, I review how choices of methods of data collection and analysis have affected the representations of category structure by cognitive anthropologists in three domains: kinship terminologies, color classification, and ethnobiology. I argue that cognitive anthropologists have contributed to cognitive science in part by developing a “science of the stimulus,” leading to a better understanding of how the nature of the objects of experience affects the ways humans categorize them. I show that this approach offers an explanation of why some forms of semantic organization of lexicons are rare (e.g., paradigms) while others are common (e.g., trees and taxonomies), in part by expanding Campbell’s (1958) criteria for entitivity to include both interdependence and discreteness of features. Domains whose features are independent of each other and vary continuously lack the entitivity, in most cases, to be recognized as a class of things worth classifying. This observation, plus a comparison of the lexical overhead of naming unique combinations of feature values rather than the feature values themselves, helps explain the rarity of paradigms. Trees and taxonomies, conversely, are much more common because the domains they lexicalize have much greater entitivity by these amended criteria. I discuss other examples of important advances in the cognitive anthropological understanding of particular domains that occurred when the methods and assumptions of the analysis better matched the nature of the domain being studied. In general, a “science of the stimulus” prompts the investigator to ask, “Where does domain structure come from?” In the case of ethnobiology, both the correlational structure of the domain and the cognitive architecture that perceives and categorizes it are crafted by the process of evolution by natural selection.
Muddy Waters: His Life and Music:

The author reviews Mahin and Turk’s children’s book Muddy: The Story of Blues Legend Muddy Waters. This biography of McKinley Morganfield describes his challenges and successes in music and life. Illustrations reflect African American culture using color palettes to highlight the places Waters lived and the music connected to those places including the Mississippi Delta blues and the electric Chicago blues style. The musical writing of Mahin expresses Muddy’s story in a lyrical fashion, borrowing elements from the jazz idiom. The author includes a selected discography and suggestions for additional instruction in the music of Muddy’s life using the artistic processes of listening, responding, and performing appropriate for upper elementary and middle school students in general music.
Advances in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness: Trends Leading to Improved Survivability: The 37th Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture

This paper documents progress in rotorcraft crashworthiness research and development that has been realized during the past forty years. Trends are presented in several categories including: facilities and equipment for conducting crash testing, updated crash certification requirements, the application of crash modeling and simulation techniques, and rotorcraft structural design for improved crash performance focusing on the application of advanced composite materials. Likely one of the most important advances is the ability to rapidly simulate crash impacts and to see the effects of design changes on the impact response. Enhanced dynamic computer simulations have greatly improved automotive safety today and are making inroads in the aerospace community. Consequently, a detailed discussion of advances in crash modeling and simulation is presented. The paper concludes with a list of suggested recommendations, such that the progress made to date can be continued into the future.
Moving Toward a More Caring Stakeholder Theory: Global Business Ethics in Dialogue with the Feminist Ethics of Care

Since the initial publication of R. Edward Freeman’s book Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach in 1984, stakeholder theory has taken on an increasingly important role in the literature on business ethics. Indeed, in many ways stakeholder theory has come to represent the currently de facto standard approach to business ethics. According to stakeholder theory, business is both inherently a relational activity and one that gives rise to significant moral obligations as a result of the relationships it involves. Given this emphasis on relationships, it is thus perhaps surprising that little connection has been made between stakeholder theory in business ethics and the ethics of care, as the ethics of care stresses the role of significant relationships and emotional responsiveness in moral development. Because of the relational elements of both stakeholder theory and the ethics of care, there would seem to be important areas for dialogue between the two theories. As such, in this chapter we explore the ways in which the ethics of care can supplement the development and implementation of a more robust account of stakeholder theory. In this respect, we argue that insights developed from the ethics of care can help overcome certain serious deficiencies in stakeholder theory as currently developed.
Conformational and Shape Changes Associated with cAMP- Dependent Protein Kinase

Cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase (cAPK) was one the first discovered protein kinases (Walsh et al., 1968) and is one of the best understood biochemically of the protein kinases (Taylor et al., 1990). cAPK is composed of both regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) subunits. In the absence of cAMP the subunits associate with a high affinity to form an inactive tetrameric (R2C2) holoenzyme. cAMP binds to the R-subunit promoting the dissociation of the complex into a dimeric R-subunit and two monomeric active C-subunits which transfer the γ-phosphate of ATP to a serine or threonine of a peptide or protein substrate (Beebe and Corbin, 1986).
D’Herelle, Félix

Felix Hubert d′Herelle (1873–1949), a French-Canadian microbiologist, is best known as the co-discoverer of bacteriophages and strong early proponent of their application as antibacterial agents (phage therapy). While in the Yucatan he isolated an organism which was pathogenic for locusts which he employed in antilocust campaigns both in South America and in North Africa with variable success. He has been recognized as the founder of modern biological pest control.
Tibial tunnel widening following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A retrospective seven-year study evaluating the effects of initial graft tensioning and graft selection.

Abstract Purpose To investigate tibial tunnel widening in ACL reconstruction patients over seven years to establish the effects of initial graft tension on tibial widening and clinical outcomes when using both patellar tendon (BTB) and hamstring tendon (HS) grafts. Methods Ninety patients, who were reconstructed with BTB or HS autografts, were randomized using one of two initial graft tension protocols; 1) tensioned to restore normal anteroposterior laxity (“low-tension”; n = 46) and 2) tensioned to over-constrain anteroposterior (AP) laxity by two millimeters (“high-tension”; n = 44). Seventy patients had post-surgical data with 45 available for review at seven years. Tunnel widening was assessed via radiographs at one-, three-, and seven-year follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were compared. Results The mean ± 95% confidence intervals of the initial diameters for the BTB autografts were 10.3 ± 0.5 mm (Low-tension) and 10.2 ± 0.6 mm (High-tension) with final diameters of 10.8 ± 0.6 mm (Low-tension) and 9.9 ± 0.6 mm (High-tension). The initial diameters for HS autografts were 8.1 ± 0.9 mm (Low-tension) and 8.4 ± 0.7 mm (High-tension) with final diameters of 11.5 ± 1.1 mm (Low-tension) and 11.1 ± 0.9 mm (High-tension). For subjects with HS autografts, mean tunnel diameters significantly changed over time (p Conclusions Patients who underwent ACL-R with HS autograft exhibited tibial tunnel widening over seven years. Patients with BTB autografts did not experience widening, regardless of initial graft tension. Patient-reported outcomes were equivalent.
Lyrical lessons: The potential of informative comedy music as supplementary teaching material

The comedic arts have provided opportunities for humourists to spread information to audiences, sometimes intentionally and other times as a side effect while trying to create laughter. Educators have also found success incorporating comedy into the classroom with humorous activities. While research regarding comedy as a tool to spread information or educate audiences has focused primarily on literature, broadcast media, and film, the area of informative comedy implemented through music remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, the researcher defines ‘informative comedy’ and takes a critical literacy approach analysing song samples of comedy musician “Weird Al” Yankovic—one of the notable comedic music artists in the 20th and 21st centuries—and discusses how his music could be used in a classroom setting. While comedy such as Yankovic’s is not designed to be an educational tool, the researcher suggests that his songs could be used as supplementary materials in the classroom to reinforce concepts specifically regarding cultural issues through commentary as well as lessons in science and grammar. A central aspect of this exploratory paper involves Yankovic’s mix of comedy andinformative content focused on culture in the United States, using the popular music genre to convey ideas in ways that may be more palatable for wider audiences and that could be used to assist classroom instruction.
Unveiling the relationships between diet composition and fermentation parameters response in dual-flow continuous culture system: a meta-analytical approach

The objective of this study was to investigate the functional form of the relationship between diet composition (dietary crude protein [CP] and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and amount of substrate (fermenter dry matter intake [DMI]) with microbial fermentation end products in a dual-flow continuous culture system. A meta-analysis was performed using data from 75 studies. To derive the linear models, the MIXED procedure was used, and for nonlinear models, the NLMIXED procedure was used. Significance levels to fit the model assumed for fixed and random effects were P ≤ 0.05. Independent variables were dietary NDF, CP, and fermenter DMI, whereas dependent variables were total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration; molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate; true ruminal digestibilities of organic matter (OM), CP, and NDF; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and flows of NH3-N; non-ammonia nitrogen; bacterial-N; dietary-N; and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). Ruminal digestibilities of OM, NDF, and CP decreased as fermenter DMI increased (P 0.05). In summary, increasing fermenter DMI increased total VFA concentration and molar proportion of propionate, whereas, dietary NDF increased the molar proportion of acetate. Dietary CP increased bacterial-N flow and was positively associated with NH3-N concentration. Overall, the analysis of this dataset demonstrates evidences that the dual-flow continuous culture system provides valuable estimates of ruminal digestibility, VFA concentration, and nitrogen metabolism.
Perspectives on Interventions in Child Psychiatry in India

India is a country with a population of more than 1 billion, and children below 16 years of age constitute more than 40 % of its population. Despite our strengths in terms of great tradition and culture and above all abundance of family support, on downside, we have low budgetary resources, interference from competing and conflicting healing systems, scarcity of mental health personnel, ‘brain drain’, and the stigma of seeking help for problems related to the mental illnesses. The Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) is one of the pioneering educational institutions of Asia for postgraduate medical education and research. The Department of Psychiatry at the PGIMER has been a leader not only in many crucial aspects of psychiatry including community psychiatry, schizophrenia, mood disorders, and psychometric research but also in some of the major pioneering child psychiatry research. This author has been privileged to be part of the child psychiatry research team at PGIMER that published the first Indian study on incidence of childhood psychiatric disorders. The current chapter looks at the child mental health scene in India with respect to interventions, both historical and contemporary. In addition to various ‘Western’ treatment options, indigenous ‘home-based interventions’, Indian family’s great tenacity in caring for mentally ill population, and their role as great resource in treatment and rehabilitation will be highlighted. The concluding section will present the challenges and opportunities for future in the field of child psychiatric interventions in India.
A Retailer’s Decision to Join a Promotional Event of an E-commerce Platform

Promotional events on e-commerce platforms (e.g., November 11 in China and Cyber Monday in the United States) have become very popular. Retailers joining these promotions sell their products on the...
Reliability Generalization of Scores on the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory.

This study examined the degree that reliability coefficients for scores on the PTGI generalize across participant and study characteristics. Meta-analytic procedures resulted in observed and predic...
Recent advances in the mass spectrometric analysis of glycosphingolipidome – A review

Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids has been implicated in a myriad of diseases, but our understanding of the strucural diversity, spatial distribution, and biological function of this class of biomolecules remains limited. These challenges partly stem from a lack of sensitive tools that can detect, identify, and quantify glycosphingolipids at the molecular level. Mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool poised to address most of these challenges. Here, we review the recent developments in analytical glycosphingolipidomics with an emphasis on sample preparation, mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry-based structural characterization, label-free and labeling-based quantification. We also discuss the nomenclature of glycosphingolipids, and emerging technologies like ion mobility spectrometry in differentiation of glycosphingolipid isomers. The intrinsic advantages and shortcomings of each method are carefully critiqued in line with an individual's research goals. Finally, future perspectives on analytical sphingolipidomics are stated, including a need for novel and more sensive methods in isomer separation, low abundance species detection, and profiling the spatial distribution of glycosphingolipid molecular species in cells and tissues using imaging mass spectrometry.
Business Model Canvas and Insurance 4.0

This chapter deals with the importance of business models in support of the digital transformation to insurance 4.0. It details the components of the business model. It takes as a reference the business model canvas. It underlines how to use it in the specific case of insurance. Finally, there is a discussion on the relationships between business models, strategy, and competitive advantages.