cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Duration gaps with futures and swaps for managing interest rate risk at depository institutions

Duration gaps for depository institutions are derived for economic net worth, economic net income, and book value interest income. The duration gaps previously constructed for on-balance sheet accounts are expanded to off-balance sheet accounts, including futures contracts and swap agreements. These expanded duration gaps are indicators of the sensitivity of the market value of net worth and income measures to interest rate fluctuations. Managers of depository institutions can establish these duration gaps as targets and can utilize futures markets and swap agreements to affect the target values. The developments in this article are based on a single factor model of interest rate movements, but the results can be extended.
Micronutrient Limitations in Two Managed Southern Pine Stands Planted on Florida Spodosols

Fertilization in the managed pine stands of the southeastern United States is a cost-effective means to increase forest production; however, most studies have focused on N and P fertilization. Here we report results from two minus-micronutrient (-B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn, All, and Nil) x increasing levels of N addition (0, 112, 224, 326 kg N ha ―1 ) split-plot experiments in managed slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests located on Florida Spodosols. We hypothesized that if tree growth were limited by a micronutrient, this limitation would be exacerbated at higher levels of N addition. At both sites, N additions caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in growth between 0 and the two greatest N fertilization rates, but contrasts among higher N levels were not significant for any N-micronutrient combination. At the slash pine site, the effect of micronutrient fertilization was not significant for stand volume, but for the loblolly pine site, the micronutrient treatment was significant because the -Cu treatment volume was less than that of the All, Nil, -Zn, -Mo, and -Fe treatments. Some combination of micronutrients may have interfered with Cu uptake, as suggested by foliar Cu concentrations in the Nil treatment that were greater than in the -Cu treatment. Extremely low soil concentrations of Cu at the loblolly pine site suggest that this antagonism was exacerbated by low background levels. Notably, the -Cu treatments had 40% less volume than the -Zn treatments, highlighting the substantial effect that a Cu deficiency could have on the economic value of these forests.
Late Jurassic Sea-Floor Spreading in the Eastern Indian Ocean

Magnetic anomaly lineations that lie just north of northwestern Australia in the eastern Indian Ocean are correlated with the Late Jurassic magnetic reversal sequence. Magnetic lineations M–22 to M–25 trend east-northeast with the oldest anomaly against the stable Australian margin. This correlation agrees with the age of the Oxfordian basement recovered from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 261 in the area and with the geology of the Australian margin. It suggests that a landmass was rifted away from northwestern Australia about 155 m.y. ago.
Determination of molybdenum in plant materials using a rapid, automated method 1

Abstract A method is described for the determination of Mo in plant tissue based on the catalytic action of Mo on the KI‐H2O2 reaction. An autoanalyzer with a modified de‐bubbling system and a long path length (50 mm) flow cell is used. Significant improvements in sensitivity have been made over previous methods and the procedure is sensitive enough to determine 5%) can be overcome by addition of appropriate amounts of chloride salts to the standard solutions.
On descent in dimension two and non-split Gorenstein modules

In this paper we present a ring with a Gorenstein module but no dualizing module. The context of this example will be illustrated in the historical overview presented below. In [21] Sharp furnished the definition of a Gorenstein module G of rank t over a local, finite-dimensional ring A: G is finitely generated and for p~Spec A the Bass number, ,LL~(#z, G), equals t if i= htA(fi) and equals zero otherwise. Sharp went further to show that any ring admitting a Gorenstein module must be Cohen-Macaulay, and also must have Gorenstein formal fibres [21]. We observe that a Gorenstein module G of rank one over an n-dimensional local ring (A, m, k) induces a natural equivalence of functors Ext;( -, G)=Hom,( -, E(k)) on modules of finite length. For this reason Fossum, Foxby, Griffith, and Reiten assigned to Gorenstein modules of rank one the name dualizing module [S]. In the same paper, it was obtained that any Gorenstein A-module is a direct sum of copies of the Gorenstein A-module of minimal rank (of which, up to isomorphism, there is only one) [S]. It is clear that if a ring has a dualizing module, then any of its Gorenstein modules are direct sums of the dualizing module. Foxby [S], Reiten [19], and Sharp [21] showed that a local, CohenMacaulay ring A admits a dualizing complex if and only if A has a dualizing module. On the other hand, Grothendieck, who initiated the notion of a dualizing complex, provided the following result:
The use of natural consequences and a make-up period to eliminate school phobic behavior: A case study ☆

Abstract The school-phobic behavior of a seven-year-old male was modified through implementing a program characterized by maximum parental involvement, restructing of natural consequences, and the use of a make-up period. Full-time school attendance was achieved on the sixteenth day of the program. The advantages of using school personnel as monitors and not as disciplinarians of the school-phobic child's behavior are discussed.
Leaf essential oil composition of five Zanthoxylum species from Monteverde, Costa Rica.

The leaf essential oils from five species of Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The species examined include Z. fagara, Z. acuminatum, Z. melanostictum, Z. monophyllum, and an undescribed species. The most abundant classes of compounds found in Zanthoxylum leaf oils are acyclic and menthane monoterpenoids as well as simple alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. In terms of molecular diversity, menthane and acyclic monoterpenoids, cadinane and mesocyclic sesquiterpenoids, and simple alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones dominate the essential oils of Zanthoxylum species. Monoterpenoids make up the majority of the mass of the leaf oils of Z. monophyllum, Z. acuminatum, Z. fagara, and Zanthoxylum sp. nov. Linalool, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, and trans-2-hexenol, are found in all of the Zanthoxylum species examined in this study.
Effect of heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on void density and fracture mode of Al67Ni8Ti25

Description et interpretation des observations experimentales relatives a la formation des cavites et de ses effets sur la rupture de l'alliage.
The Effect of a Cold Abdominal Spray Upon a Repeat Performance in the 440-Yard Run

(1952). The Effect of a Cold Abdominal Spray Upon a Repeat Performance in the 440-Yard Run. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 226-230.
Formation of Compositionally Abrupt Axial Heterojunctions in Silicon-Germanium Nanowires

We have formed compositionally abrupt interfaces in silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) and Si-SiGe heterostructure nanowires by using solid aluminum-gold alloy catalyst particles rather than the conventional liquid semiconductor-metal eutectic droplets. We demonstrated single interfaces that are defect-free and close to atomically abrupt, as well as quantum dots (i.e., Ge layers tens of atomic planes thick) embedded within Si wires. Real-time imaging of growth kinetics reveals that a low solubility of Si and Ge in the solid particle accounts for the interfacial abruptness. Solid catalysts that can form functional group IV nanowire-based structures may yield an extended range of electronic applications.
Interspecific and Ontogenetic Variation in Proximal Pedal Phalangeal Curvature of Great Apes (Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pongo pygmaeus)

Considerable attention has been devoted to understanding phalangeal curvature in primates, particularly with regard to locomotion. Previous work has found that increased phalangeal curvature may be indicative of increased grasping during suspensory and climbing behaviors, but the details of this relationship, particularly as regards feet, is still unclear. Using behavioral studies to predict an interspecific gradient of variation in pedal phalangeal curvature, I collected digital data from the third and fifth digit proximal pedal phalanges in adult Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pongo pygmaeus and calculated included angles of phalangeal curvature to assess the appropriateness of pooling digits within taxa and evaluate the association between variation in pedal phalangeal curvature and frequency of climbing behavior. I also used an ontogenetic sample of Pan troglodytes to evaluate the postnatal relationship between variation in phalangeal curvature and grasping behaviors. I found intraspecific variation in phalangeal curvature suggesting among-digit variation in grasping behaviors. Curvature of Pongo was significantly greater than of both Pan and Gorilla. In contrast, Pan was significantly more curved than Gorilla only in comparison of third digits. Ontogenetic decreases in pedal phalangeal curvature among Pan troglodytes accorded well with postnatal decreases in documented climbing frequency. These findings largely support earlier work regarding the association between arboreal grasping and phalangeal curvature, and provide a unique intraspecific analysis that illuminates a number of areas where our knowledge of the behavioral and biomechanical determinants of phalangeal curvature should be explored further, particularly with respect to the role of among-digit variation in phalangeal curvature.
Destruction of superconductivity in granular and highly disordered metals

The destruction of superconductivity in granular and highly disordered metals is discussed in the light of the modern picture of the metal-insulator transition induced by Anderson localization. For small grains superconductivity is lost when localization sets in. Systems composed of large grains may phase lock at a temperature, ${T}_{C}$, much smaller than the ${T}_{C}^{0}$ of the clean metal. ${T}_{C}$ is estimated as a function of the appropriate parameters and the results are shown to be consistent with existing experiments.
Integration of Nurse Practitioner Clinical Practice Model into Outpatient Heart Transplant Clinic

Purpose Prior to 2008, patients (pts) were seen by a physician in conjunction with a nurse practitioner (NP) in our large university based heart transplant program. The practice of seeing 2 providers led to several problems. Pt visit times were prolonged leading to inefficiency as well as frustration among staff and pts. Experienced NPs were under utilized causing duplication of services. Therefore, a plan was set forth to integrate NPs as independent providers into the outpatient clinic setting. Purpose 1. Utilize experienced heart transplant NPs to their full capacity; 2. Increase efficiency and expedite visit time for pts; 3. Allow physicians who were previously assigned to transplant clinic to be utilized elsewhere in practice. Methods and Materials In 2008, stable pts, were selected to be seen independently by NPs for routine visits. Over time, the group of pts selected to be seen by the NPs has expanded to include complicated pts. As a result, visits times decreased significantly, survival statistics remained the same and satisfaction scores improved. Results By integrating NPs as independent providers into heart transplant clinic, we have been able to utilize NPs and allow them to function fully as advanced practice providers. This has allowed physicians to be utilized in different areas of the heart failure/transplant program allowing them more time to see new pts. In addition, we have been able to reduce clinic times, while maintaining excellent pt satisfaction scores and similar survival rates after transplant. Conclusions Integration of experienced heart transplant NPs as independent providers in an outpatient heart transplant program has been shown to be safe, efficient and beneficial to this large practice. Year Total Visits % NP Visits Press Ganey Percentile 2008 2289 4% 92.4 2009 2215 37% 93.2 2010 2230 30% 95.2 2011 2161 31% 96 2012 2293 43% 95.5
Mesomorphic solutions of cellulose triacetate in halogenated organic acids and mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) forms liquid-crystalline solutions in trifluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane. Brilliant iridescent coloration, high optical rotations, and birefringent regions with swirl-like fingerprint patterns suggested the formation of cholesteric liquid crystals. Trifluoroacetic acid–dichloromethane is a particularly excellent solvent mixture to form liquid-crystal solutions of cellulose acetate. Crude bulk viscosity measurements confirm the formation of an anisotropic phase, and the temperature dependence of the critical concentration for formation of the anisotropic phase, obtained by bulk viscosity measurements at various temperatures, provides confirming evidence. Viscosity decreases with aging, suggesting that CTA is slowly degraded in the solvents studied. This is also confirmed by optical rotatory measurements and by polarizing microscope observations. The miscibility gap is observed as a function of molecular weight, and the differences between the experimental data and Flory's prediction are discussed.
Sedimentation and optical rotation behavior of bovine plasma albumin at low pH in the presence of various anions; effect of charge on molecular expansion.

Abstract In order to clarify the role of net molecular charge in the expansion of plasma albumin at low pH, sedimentation and optical rotation measurements were carried out in the presence of anions differing widely in their extent of binding to BPA. Thus it was possible to vary the net charge on the protein molecule independent of the extent of binding of protons. It was demonstrated as a first approximation that the extent of expansion, as determined from both sedimentation and rotation measurements, is a function of the net charge on the molecule. Quantitatively, however, specific rotation and molecular size do not always change in a parallel manner, nor are they affected in the same way by changes in ionic strength. Changes in specific rotation may be attributed to partial breakdown of the secondary (possibly helical) structure as a result of intra chain charge repulsion, while inter chain repulsion (changes in tertiary structure) are held responsible for a large part of the change observed in viscosity and sedimentation constant. Conversion of the native albumin molecule to “expandable” form appeared to be accompanied by a moderate increase in molecular radius in the presence of chloride ion. On the other hand, this isomerization can occur without increase in radius in the presence of thiocyanate ion. No significant change in optical rotation accompanies formation of the “expandable” molecule.
The binding of lectins to components of plasma membranes from porcine submaxillary lymph node lymphocytes.

Abstract By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis the plasma membranes from porcine lymphocytes contain at least 30–35 glycopolypeptides and one or more glycolipids to which one or more of 12 purified lectins bind. The specificities of binding generally followed the same pattern as those of the reaction of the lectin with intact pig lymphocytes. Some lectins (e.g., the isolectin pair, Agaricus bisporus lectins A and B and a group consisting of the Lens culinaris A and B isolectins and the closely related Pisum sativum lectins) bind to almost identical populations of plasma membrane components and compete with each other for all their binding sites. Others (e.g., Concanavalin A and the Lens culinaris-Pisum sativum group and a group consisting of phytohemagglutinin-L, Ricinus communis lectin-60 and Ricinus communis lectin-120 bind in a cross reactive manner to some common binding moieties but, in addition, to certain nonshared ones. Still others (e.g., soybean agglutinin, peanut agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin) do not share any common binding moieties with the other lectins. The amount of lectin binding and the number of membrane components to which a lectin binds is directly related to the K a of binding of the lectin to the intact lymphocyte. Those with high K a (Cocanavalin A Lens culinaris lectins, Pisum sativum lectins, phytohemagglutinin-L), bind to 20–30 different components giving very complex binding patterns while those with lower K a (Agaricus bisporus lectins, wheat germ agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, and soybean agglutinin) bind to 8–13 components with easily distinguishable patterns. Soybean agglutinin binds almost exclusively to a glycolipid fraction while for the others one or more glycopolypeptides served as the major lectin-binding molecule. The Ricinus lectins, two lymphocyte toxins, bind to essentially every plasma membrane component to which the mitogen phytohemagglutinin-L binds, in fact competing for most of those plasma membrane moieties which bind phytohemagglutinin-L.
How Does Pol II Overcome the Nucleosome Barrier

Abstract DNA packaging into chromatin presents a strong barrier to RNA polymerase II transcription. In this issue of Molecular Cell , Kireeva et al. describe a minimal system to examine polymerase II transcription through a positioned nucleosome and show, surprisingly, that transcription leads to the displacement of an H2A·H2B dimer from the nucleosome without altering nucleosome position.
Homogeneous Spectrally- and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Emission from Single-Tryptophan Mutants of IIAGlc Protein

We report an experimental study of protein relaxation dynamics on the picosecond and nanosecond time scales. The protein equilibrium state is perturbed by the redistribution of electric charge density over the side chain of a tryptophan residue. Electronic excitation of the residue induces the charge shift and triggers a relaxation process, the dynamics of which is reflected in tryptophan fluorescence emission. In the case of homogeneous emission, the relaxation dynamics can be extracted from a time-dependent red shift in the emission spectrum. In the case of heterogeneous emission, the spectral shift may not represent relaxation dynamics. A criterion for distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous fluorescence emission is suggested here. Emission from the mutants E21W and F3W of IIAGlc is found to be free from permanent or long-lived heterogeneity. In E21W, the only tryptophan residue is in a rigid globule, whereas in F3W it is on a flexible tail. The relaxation dynamics reported by the tryptoph...
Abstract 1653: Highly effective treatment of HER2-amplified breast cancers through the complete inactivation of the HER2-HER3 tumorigenic driver

Approximately 25% of breast cancers are driven by amplification of the HER2 oncogene and over-activity of the HER2-HER3 signaling complex. It is a promising hypothesis that the pharmacologic inactivation of HER2-HER3 signaling with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients will be a highly effective treatment for this disease. Treatment of HER2 amplified breast cancers with HER2 targeting agents shows that the HER2-HER3 complex is endowed with a two-log signal buffering capacity, making drug potency a critical and potentially limiting variable. The buffering capacity is mediated through Akt driven negative feedback signaling, which has the ability to amplify HER2-HER3 signaling and protect it against incomplete inhibition of HER2 kinase. The concomitant use of downstream inhibitors induces compound sensitizing and desensitizing mechanisms and incremental anti-tumor effects. The HER2-HER3 signal buffering mechanisms cannot ultimately compensate for the total loss of HER2 catalytic activity, and at fully inactivating doses of TKI, the failure to phosphorylate HER3 and the dual loss of MAPK and Akt pathway signaling leads to apoptotic tumor cell death. Such HER2-inactivating dosing is not tolerable in vivo using continuous schedules but is feasible and highly effective using intermittent dosing. We show that continuous dosing of the HER2 TKI, lapatinib, at its maximum tolerated dose in mice bearing HER2-amplified tumors produces modest growth inhibitory effects. However, a five day repeated intermittent schedule allows eight fold higher dosing and produces much more profound tumor regression and durable anti-tumor effects. Therefore high dose intermittent TKI therapy is an imminently testable clinical treatment hypothesis that can fully inactivate HER2-HER3 signaling by overpowering its signal buffering capacity, revealing a monotherapy potential in HER2-targeting TKIs that may surpass many of the combination therapy approaches currently being explored. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1653.
1,25(OH)2Vitamin D3 Stimulates Myogenic Differentiation by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Modulating the Expression of Promyogenic Growth Factors and Myostatin in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

Skeletal muscle wasting is an important public health problem associated with aging, chronic disease, cancer, kidney dialysis, and HIV/AIDS. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D3), the active form of vitamin D, is widely recognized for its regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in relation to bone development and maintenance and for its calcemic effects on target organs, such as intestine, kidney, and parathyroid glands. Emerging evidence has shown that vitamin D administration improves muscle performance and reduces falls in vitamin D-deficient older adults. However, little is known of the underlying mechanism or the role 1,25-D3 plays in promoting myogenic differentiation at the cellular and/or molecular level. In this study, we examined the effect of 1,25-D3 on myoblast cell proliferation, progression, and differentiation into myotubes. C(2)C(12) myoblasts were treated with 1,25-D3 or placebo for 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10 d. Vitamin D receptor expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blottings and immunofluorescence. Expression of muscle lineage, pro- and antimyogenic, and proliferation markers was assessed by immunocytochemistry, PCR arrays, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blottings. Addition of 1,25-D3 to C(2)C(12) myoblasts 1) increased expression and nuclear translocation of the vitamin D receptor, 2) decreased cell proliferation, 3) decreased IGF-I expression, and 4) promoted myogenic differentiation by increasing IGF-II and follistatin expression and decreasing the expression of myostatin, the only known negative regulator of muscle mass, without changing growth differentiation factor 11 expression. This study identifies key vitamin D-related molecular pathways for muscle regulation and supports the rationale for vitamin D intervention studies in select muscle disorder conditions.
Individualism, computation, and perceptual content

the mental natures of all a person's or animal's mental states (and events) are such that there is no deep individuative relation between the individual's being in states of those kinds and the nature of the individual's physical or social environments. (1986, pp. 3-4) Individualism has sometimes been formulated as a supervenience thesis, according to which psychological states are said to supervene on intrinsic, physical states of the organism to which they are ascribed (e.g. Stich 1983, pp. 164-5). Any differences between organisms not reflected in their intrinsic physical states are not psychologically relevant, it is claimed, and should be ignored by psychological theory. Thus, according to individualism, I and my Twin Earth counterpart are psychologically identical, in virtue of the fact that we are, according to Putnam 's story, molecule for molecule identical. In a series of important papers (especially 1979 and 1986), Tyler Burge has argued that individualism is false with respect to a wide range of explanatory kinds in psychology, including the intentional states invoked in folk psychological explanation. Most strikingly, perhaps, Burge and others have claimed that perceptual theories, including David Marr's computational theory of vision, individuate perceptual states in part by reference to the environment of the subject possessing them, and so violate individualism (e.g. Burge 1986 and 1988, Kitcher 1988, and Davies 1991). As formulated above, individualism says nothing about the contents of mental states. While individualism is generally construed as a thesis about the individuation of the propositional attitudes, that is, beliefs and desires-states which have contents-nothing in the above formulations requires that the mental states so individuated must have propositional contents.' In fact, proponents and opponents of individualism (in psychology) often cite analogies from other sciences-in which the relevant states are claimed either to supervene on local physical features or to fail to do so-in support of their views (e.g. Burge 1986, Fodor 1987, ch.
Measurements of Selected Dicarboxylic Acids in Marine Cloud Water

Measurements of selected dicarboxylic acid concentrations in cloud water from marine stratocumulus off of the central California coast are reported. The concentrations are consistent with previously reported concentrations in marine aerosols and suggest at least a partial anthropogenic origin. The concentrations were not sufficient to impact cloud drop activation and thus provide no support for an effect on cloud albedo, though such an effect cannot be ruled out in other circumstances.
EPR SPECTROSCOPY OF ETHIDIUM NITRENE AND PROFLAVINE NITRENE COORDINATED TO SELF-COMPLEMENTARY DINUCLEOTIDE MINI-DUPLEXES

— Photolysis of ethidium azide (lb) and proflavine azide (2b) immobilized in glassy media at 77 K produces triplet EPR spectra of the corresponding triplet nitrenes lc and 2c. The resonance field positions of the nitrenes are shifted by the presence of self-complementary dinucleotides. Control experiments indicated that the interaction of lc and 2c with CPG mini-duplexes is consistent with intercalation.
Role of Nitric Oxide in the Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 in the Liver of Mice Infected with Chlamydia trachomatis

In this study, we attempted to determine the effect of a systemic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis on cytochrome P450(CYP)-dependent metabolism in mice. Furthermore, we wanted to assess if these effects were mediated through NO. BALB/c(H-2d) female mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) biovar, and induction of NO synthase (NOS) was detected by measuring [NOx] levels and inducible NOS protein content in peritoneal macrophages by Western blotting. Recovery of C. trachomatis from liver, lung, and spleen peaked at 4 days postinfection. Following cotreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, there was a significant increase in the intensity and the length of the infection. Six days after inoculation with C. trachomatis, CYP1A- and CYP2B-mediated metabolism in the liver of the mice was diminished up to 49% of control levels. However, when animals were treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester at days 4 and 6 postinfection, the decrease in the metabolism of CYP1A and CYP2B was largely blocked. These results suggest that C. trachomatis infection can depress cytochrome P450 in a manner similar to other types of infections and that NO is likely to be a mediator of this depression. This finding may be of significance to patients taking drugs that are metabolized by phase I enzymes during infections with some bacteria such as C. trachomatis.
A New Clustering Routing Algorithm for WSN Based on PSO

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensor nodes. The node power constrains the development of WSN. Employing techniques of clustering can reduce energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes and prolong the network lifetime. Therefore, in the study a new clustering routing algorithm is presented. The clustering algorithm uses the double-layer sensor nodes to communicate. And in order to optimize power energy consumption for WSN node energy, PSO algorithm is employed to find cluster head in each layer. Simulation results show that the algorithm not only can equal power energy of node, but also can reduce consumption in the long distance data transmission.
Information processing and new product success: a meta‐analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze and quantitatively compare existing empirical findings on the role of organizational information‐processing and new product outcomes. The meta‐analytic technique is used to reconcile some of the current divergent thinking on the role of organizational learning in new product success.Design/methodology/approach – The method and procedure of the meta‐analysis are utilized to generalize existing empirical findings regarding the role of information processing in new product success by evaluating homogeneity of the obtained results, and measurement‐ and context‐related moderators of the relationship magnitude. It reports and discusses the results, and proposes theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.Findings – The meta‐analysis of the relationship between organizational information processing and new product success supports an overall positive effect, and identifies measurement‐ and context‐related moderators influencing the magnitude of the relationship.Re...
Prediction of polar motion

Based on an analysis of polar motion behavior, we found the possibility of predicting polar motion up to one year in advance. Comparing these predicted polar coordinates with the observed ones (smoothed), the rms of the differences is about 0".02. The differences of the relative polar motion are much smaller. For any time interval of 20–30 days throughout the whole year, the rms of the relative polar motion differences is about 0".01. It appears that 80–90% of the polar motion is composed of the stable, predictable Chandler and annual terms.
A modified technique for the double-contrast small bowel enema

A small bowel enema technique is described which makes it possible to achieve double-contrast images comparable to those routinely obtained in the stomach or colon. It is a biphasic procedure, requiring the transtubal injection of barium sulfate, followed by 0.5% methylcellulose. Adjustment of relative injection quantities and injection speeds can adapt each examination to a patient's individual diagnostic problem. Indications for the examination are discussed.
Spermatogenesis-Specific Features of the Meiotic Program in Caenorhabditis elegans

In most sexually reproducing organisms, the fundamental process of meiosis is implemented concurrently with two differentiation programs that occur at different rates and generate distinct cell types, sperm and oocytes. However, little is known about how the meiotic program is influenced by such contrasting developmental programs. Here we present a detailed timeline of late meiotic prophase during spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans using cytological and molecular landmarks to interrelate changes in chromosome dynamics with germ cell cellularization, spindle formation, and cell cycle transitions. This analysis expands our understanding C. elegans spermatogenesis, as it identifies multiple spermatogenesis-specific features of the meiotic program and provides a framework for comparative studies. Post-pachytene chromatin of spermatocytes is distinct from that of oocytes in both composition and morphology. Strikingly, C. elegans spermatogenesis includes a previously undescribed karyosome stage, a common but poorly understood feature of meiosis in many organisms. We find that karyosome formation, in which chromosomes form a constricted mass within an intact nuclear envelope, follows desynapsis, involves a global down-regulation of transcription, and may support the sequential activation of multiple kinases that prepare spermatocytes for meiotic divisions. In spermatocytes, the presence of centrioles alters both the relative timing of meiotic spindle assembly and its ultimate structure. These microtubule differences are accompanied by differences in kinetochores, which connect microtubules to chromosomes. The sperm-specific features of meiosis revealed here illuminate how the underlying molecular machinery required for meiosis is differentially regulated in each sex.
Prenatal Morphine Exposure Alters N-Methyl-d-Aspartate- and Kainate-Induced Seizures in Adult Male Rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to morphine has effects on excitatory amino acid-induced seizures. Adult male rats, exposed on embryonic days 11-18 to saline or morphine, were injected with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) (150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 mg/kg) or kainic acid (KA) (15 or 20 mg/kg) in adulthood to assess the occurrence and latency to onset of stereotypy and seizures. The latency to onset of stereotypy was significantly increased after 175 mg/kg, and decreased after 200 mg/kg of NMDA in morphine-exposed animals. The lowest dose of NMDA (150 mg/kg) induced seizures in prenatally saline-treated control male rats but not in the morphine-exposed male rats. In the KA-injected group, prenatally morphine-exposed males had shorter latency to onset of wet-dog shakes, but there were no effects on the latency to onset of clonic seizures. The data suggest that prenatal morphine exposure has long-term effects on seizure susceptibility and the onset of stereotypy in the excitatory amino acid-induced seizure models.
Prognostic value of EEG performed at term age in preterm infants

Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed at term age on 32 infants born prematurely (25–32 weeks). EEG was assessed looking for overall background activity and transients. A quantitative analysis was performed, selecting 5-min epochs of “trace alternant” free of artefacts during quiet sleep. EEG findings were compared with cranial ultrasound (US) findings at term age and with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years (Student’s t-test). The overall EEG background activity was not always related to the outcome or to the severity of cranial US. Infants with normal US and normal outcome had longer synchrony percentage of bursts, longer maximum duration of bursts and shorter mean of abnormal transients per interbursts than children with major lesions and abnormal outcome. Infants with minor lesions, who all had normal outcome, also had better results than those with major lesions and abnormal outcome, but the range of the EEG findings was more variable. Our results suggest that the EEG performed at term age does not provide additional prognostic information compared to cranial US.
Ab initio calculations of oscillator strengths and Landé factors for Nd III

Theoretical calculations of oscillator strengths and Land e g-factors made with the Cowan code are presented for the rare-earth ion Nd iii. The emphasis is on transitions in the optical region of the spectrum. Comparisons of previous ab initio calculations of this type for other lanthanides (e.g., La ii ,C eiii ,a nd Luii) with published experimental and theoretical data suggest that the accuracy of the log(gf) values for individual transi- tions should be about0:15 dex in the absence of signi- cant core polarization eects; theg-factors should be good to better than 5%, except in a few cases where term mix- ing is important. Applications of the data are made in the calculation of neodymium abundances in the atmospheres of the chemically peculiar stars HD 101065 (\Przybylski's star") and HD 122970.
Movement of Cichla species (Cichlidae) in a Venezuelan floodplain river

In their native habitats of black- and clear-water Neotropical rivers, large predatory cichlids of the genus Cichla are an important food and recreational resource. Understanding patterns of movement for these species is necessary for effective management and conservation; however, no information is available on movement in natural fluvial populations. Therefore, we initiated a cooperative mark-recapture program with local sport-fishing groups to evaluate movement of Cichla in the Cinaruco River, Venezuela and to promote conservation awareness. Between January 1999 and May 2003, we tagged 2,224 individuals of three species of Cichla (C. temensis, C. orinocensis, and C. intermedia) with uniquely numbered floy tags. Over 52 months, 2.8% of the tagged fishes were recaptured. Most recaptures occurred within 1 km of the tagging location; however, a few large C. temensis moved up to 21 km, demonstrating the potential for longer distance movement in this species. The distance between tagging and recapture locations was not significantly correlated with the time interval between tagging and recapture. Distance moved was significantly related to fish size and period of the annual hydrological cycle. Implications for management and conservation of these species and future research directions are discussed.
The use of a Perovskite crystal as a detector for proton beam current

Using a Perovskite crystal, a thermal detector has been designed for measurements of proton beam currents. For a given energy, the detector has a linear response with current intensity and an inverse response with chopping frequency. Measurements up to 50 nA (4.5 MeV H/sup +/) were carried out using a cyclotron, and a calibration curve is presented. The detector may be used over a wide range of energies, has a low cost, and is simple to construct. In addition, it can be used inside or outside vacuum, and it does not require an external bias field. >
PTHrP stimulated by the calcium-sensing receptor requires MAP kinase activation.

Increases in extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) stimulate from normal and malignant cells secretion of parathroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a major mediator of humoral hypercalcem...
Moral reasoning and Alzheimer's care: Exploring complex weavings through narrative

Abstract This article reports on selected results of an inquiry-guided study in which we used literature and autobiography to challenge current rationalist perspectives on the use of formal services by caregivers of Alzheimer's sufferers. Starting with Gilligan 's concepts of two basic forms of moral reasoning—justice versus care-based—we interpreted the moral reasoning about caregiving expressed in four novels: Diary of a Good Neighbor, Memory Board, Memento Mori, and The Other Side. Although we found Gilligan's dichotomous framework not directly applicable, we did find ample evidence of the salience of moral reasoning to questions of who should care and on what basis. We also found that stories, as they are woven from threads of family history, social position and mores, as well as ideas about intimate love, religion, and autonomy, reveal the interconnectedness of so-called private choices to the social ideologies that constrain and shape these choices.
Hydroxyurea exposure alters mouse testicular kinetics and sperm chromatin structure

The effects of hydroxyurea (HU) on testicular cell kinetics and sperm chromatin differentiation were investigated in mice. Whole testis, minced testicular cell suspensions and caudal epididymal sperm cells were obtained at 8 and 29 days after i.p. injections containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 500 mg/kg HU x 5 days. Testis weights were unaffected by 25 mg/kg HU while 500 mg/kg caused up to a 50% loss of testicular weight by 29 days. Flow cytometrically measured acridine-orange (AO) stained testicular cells revealed altered population ratios at the highest dosages at 8 days and for all dosages except 25 mg/kg HU at 29 days. At 8 days, 400-500 mg/kg HU caused a near depletion of tetraploid cells. Flow cytometry of AO stained sperm, previously treated with acid to potentially induce DNA denaturation, was used to follow the shift from normal chromatin structure to an abnormal form with increased sensitivity to DNA denaturation in situ. The extent of DNA denaturation was quantitated for each cell by the computer-derived value alpha t, alpha t = [red/(red+green) fluorescence]. The flow cytometry measures, standard deviation of alpha t (SD alpha t), mean of alpha t (X alpha t) and cells outside the main peak of alpha t (COMP alpha t), gave similar dose response curves to the sperm head morphology assay. SD alpha t was more sensitive than the X alpha t as a measure of HU-induced alteration of chromatin structure. The major conclusions reached are that HU inhibits DNA synthesis, probably by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase, causing maturation depletion of pachytene spermatocytes and, subsequently, depletion of meiotic daughter cells and differentiated cell types leading to mature sperm. This inhibition of DNA synthesis is related to an alteration of sperm chromatin structure and abnormal sperm head morphology.
Write here, write now!: an experimental study of group maintenance in collaborative writing

Writing documents together using collaborative editing tools has become extremely common with the widespread availability of tools such as Google Docs. The design of such tools, rooted in early CSCW research, has historically been focused on providing awareness of the presence and activities of one's collaborators. Evidence from a recent qualitative study, however, suggests that people are also concerned about how their behaviors -- and they themselves -- will be perceived by others; and take steps to mitigate possible negative perceptions. We present an experimental study of dyads composing documents together, focusing in particular on group maintenance, impression management and relationship-focused behavior. Results suggest that communication is positively related to social relations, but only for synchronous writing in a shared space; the reverse can be true in asynchronous commenting and editing.
Successful strategies for educating hard-to-reach populations: Lessons learned from Massachusetts’ train-the-trainer project using the Helping You Take Care of Yourself curriculum:

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of providing education on breast, cervical and cardiovascular health to hard-to-reach women throughout Massachusetts using an innovative derivation of the ‘tr...
Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)

Marie le Jars de Gournay pointed out the folly and harm of using words to create false myths to authenticate women’s ridicule and exclusion. Her involvement with the great language debate of her time, her translations and editing, her compositions in prose and poetry—all gave her expertise and authority to champion against those who, she discerned, made rules unreasonable and harmful to women. Born on October 6, 1565, Marie de Gournay experienced the golden age of French literature during the reigns of Charles IX, Henri III, IV, Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu. Residing in Picardy and in Paris, de Gournay participated in the intellectual activity of France beginning with her editing of Michel Montaigne’s Essays. When Marie de Gournay’s father, a country nobleman, died leaving his widow to rear their six children with reduced means, Marie, the eldest, a studious child, taught herself Latin by comparing original texts with their translations, finding Greek difficult to master. De Gournay described herself as neither beautiful nor ugly, but of medium size with chestnut colored hair and a face round with clear, dark complexion; nevertheless, she was not generally considered attractive, nor well dressed.1 She chose the life of scholarship rather than of marriage. Her life ended at age 79 on July 13,1645 at the commencement of the reign of Louis XIV.
IQU: practical queue-based user association management for WLANs

Flash crowds and high concentrations of users in wireless LANs (WLANs) cause significant interference problems and unsustainable load at access points. This leads to poor connectivity for users, severe performance degradation, and possible WLAN collapse. To validate this claim, we present two case studies of large, heavily loaded operational WLANs. These studies provide significant insight into the degraded performance and collapse of a WLAN during heavy use. To address these problems, we propose IQU, a practical queue-based user association management system for heavily loaded WLANs. IQU grants users fair opportunities to access the WLAN while maintaining high overall throughput, even when the WLAN is heavily loaded. The basic premise of IQU is to control user associations with the WLAN through request queues and work period allocations. We implement a prototype of IQU and evaluate it on a wireless testbed. Our evaluation demonstrates that IQU significantly improves network throughput under heavy load; the tradeoff is that users have to wait for network access. We explore the impact of IQU parameters on system performance, and validate the robustness of IQU under heavy load conditions. Through IQU, WLANs can be utilized efficiently and network collapse prevented.
The role of aspirin in enhancing arterial graft patency.

34. Food and Drug Administration. Peripheral vascular disi" -ases--intermittent claudication study protocol. Draft guideiines from cardio-renal section. Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration, 1976:1 13. 35. Porter JM, Cutler BS, Lee BY, Reich T, Reichle IA, Scogin JT, Strandness DG. Pentoxifylline efficacy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: Multicenter controlled doubleblind trial with objective assessment of chronic occlusive arterial disease patients. Am Heart J 1982; 104:66-72. 36. DeClerck F, David JL, Janssen PAJ. Serotoninergic amplification mechanisms in blood platelets. In: DeClerck F, Vanhoutte P, eds. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in peripheral reaction. New York: Raven Press, 1982:83-94. 37. Van Neuten JM, Janssen P, Van Beck J, Yonneux R, Verbeuren TJ, Vanhourte PM. Vascular .effects of R 41 468, a novel antagonist of 5-HT2 serotonergic receptors. J Pharmaeol Exp Ther 1981; 218:217-30. 38. DeCree J, Leempoels J, Geukens H, DeLock W, Verhaegen H. Are serotoninergic mechanisms involved in high blood pressure? In: DeClerck F, Vanhoutte PM, eds. 5-Hydro~,tryptamine in peripheral reactions. New York: Raven Press, 1982:183-92. 39. W~o ~ing GJ, Man in't Veld AJ, Wortiez AJ, Boonsma F, Schalekamp MA. Treatment of hypertension with ketanserin, a new selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. Br Med J 1981; 284:537-9. 40. Strauden E, Roald OK, Krog K. Treatment of Raynand's phenomenon with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin. Br Med J 1982; 285:1069-71. 41. DeCree J, Leempoels J, Geukens H, Vethaegen H. Placebocontrolled double-blind trial of ketanserin in treatment of intermittent claudication. Lancet 1984; 2:775-9. 42. Wiriz RAE, Rens A, Burema T. The effects of a single IV dose of ketanserin on the continuing registered plethysmogram in intermittent claudication. Second workshop, clinical experience with ketanserin in the Netherlands. Breda, Nov 13, 1982. 43. Schoen A, Scheijde E, Vande Voort PLM, Saat R. The effects of a single IV dose of ketanserin on the microcirculation in intermittent clandication measured by TC scanning. An interim analysis of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Second workshop, clinical experience with ketanserin in the Netherlands. Breda, Nov 13, 1982. 44. Jacobs MJ, Lemmens H, Slaaf D, Reneman R. The effect of ketanserin on microcirculation in patients with ischemic hand syndromes (abstract). The XIII World Congress of the International Union of Angiology. Rochester, Minn, Sept 1116, 1984.
Turning Roadblocks into Stepping Stones: Teaching Psychology to Physicians

Under the label of behavioral science, psychological content has become integrated into the didactic and clinical teaching curricula of many medical schools and residency training programs. Psychology faculty frequently face the difficult task of making their material relevant to physicians. Ten suggestions that address the content and process of teaching psychology to medical students, residents, and faculty are discussed.