cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual Communication En Masse: An Update on the Purdue University Virtual Visit

VISUAL COMMUNICATION is vitally important to a variety of disciplines. Generally information is communicated in a way deemed appropriate for the discipline, governed by established rules based on prior research. However, when communicating to general audiences en masse, it is imperative that information be presented as simply as possible—the rules governing specialized scientific communication may or may not be applicable. In short, accessing information should be straightforward, allowing the user to efficiently gain the knowledge for which they are searching. Visual content that is presented should be clear, concise, and accurate. With this in mind, this contribution discusses issues related to delivering spatially oriented data to the general populace. Communication through computer graphics should be for the masses as much as it is for individual disciplines. As such, the first half of this paper examines issues related to visual communication for the mass population. The later half provides an update on one such resource,The Purdue University Virtual Visit, being used for visualization and communication at Purdue University and abroad.
Distribution of liquid supplement injected into large bales of roughage and comparison of nitrogen supplements for stocker cattle fed low-quality roughages

Abstract A 32% crude protein urea-molasses liquid supplement was injected either in corn stover stacks or in large round bales of hay by several schemes. The distribution and movement of the liquid supplement in the stacks or bales were monitored over time. Distribution of the liquid supplement was poor. Some vertical movement of the supplement in the stacks was observed, but not systematically. Subsequently, feeding trials were conducted during the winter with stocker cattle. In two trials, corn stover stacks were fed with (1) no supplement, or (2) liquid supplement injected in the stacks, or (3) liquid supplement self-fed in a lick tank. Each treatment group consisted of 10 steers. The injected stacks tended to support lower steer performance than the liquid supplement fed in a lick tank with the corn stover stacks. In another trial, 60 stocker cattle were wintered for 117 days on large round bales of fescue hay with one of five supplements: (1) none; (2) liquid supplement injected in the bales; (3) liquid supplement self-fed in lick tank; (4) a mixture (4:1) of deep-stacked broiler litter and corn; (5) soya-bean meal (454 g day−1). The overall daily gains and feed efficiency were highest for the groups receiving the liquid supplement self-fed, litter corn or soya-bean meal. The feed cost per unit of gain was lowest for the deep-stacked broiler litter-supplemented group. No treatment differences were observed for blood urea-N levels at 117 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the cattle were allowed to graze a mixed grass-clover pasture for 164 days, after which the weights of the animals were similar across all five treatments.
Some new disk scheduling policies and their performance

Advances in magnetic recording technology have resulted in a rapid increase in disk capacities, but improvements in the mechanical characteristics of disks have been quite modest. For example, the access time to random disk blocks has decreased by a mere factor of two, while disk capacities have increased by several orders of magnitude. OLTP applications subject disks to a very demanding workload consisting of accesses to randomly distributed disk blocks and gain limited benefit from caching and prefetching (at the onboard disk cache). We propose some new disk scheduling methods to address the limited disk access bandwidth problem.Some well-known disk scheduling methods are: (i) FCFS. (ii) Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF). (iii) SCAN and Cyclical SCAN (CSCAN). The latter moves the disk arm to its beginning point after each SCAN so that requests at all disk cylinders are treated symmetrically. (iv) CSCAN with a lookahead of next i requests (CSCAN-LAi) takes into account latency to reorder their processing to minimize the sum of their service times. (v) Shortest Access Time First (SATF), which provides the best performance [2]. (vi) SATF with lookahead for i requests (SATF-LAi).In the case of SATF-LAi with i = 2 after the completion of request X the scheduler chooses requests A and B such that the sum of their service times processed consecutively, i.e., tX,A + atA,B, is minimized. In SATF with flexible lookahead only request A is definitely processed and request B is processed provided that it is selected in the next round. We refer to a as the discount factor (0 ≤ a ≤ 1), because less weight is attached to the service time of request B, since it may not be processed after request A. The case a = 0 corresponds to pure SATF. When a = 1 we consider a variant called SATF with fixed lookahead where B is processed unconditionally after A before any other other (perhaps more favorable recent) requests. Thus requests are processed two at a time, unless only one request is available. More generally requests in the temporal neighborhood of request A are given higher priority.
Theory of electron liquids. I. Electron-hole pseudopotentials

The polarization-potential theory developed by Aldrich and Pines for helium liquids is extended to electron liquids. Configuration-space pseudopotentials are introduced to describe the modifications in electron interaction at short distances brought about by charge- and spin-induced correlations. The results obtained for the compressibility and spin susceptibility by Vosko, Wilk, and Nusair from Monte Carlo calculations are combined with simple physical arguments to obtain new expressions for the wave-vector-dependent dielectric function and spin susceptibility, which reduce in the long-wavelength limit to the Monte Carlo results. The relative effectiveness of charge- and spin-induced correlations is calculated as a function of electron density, and results are compared with previous calculations for electron liquids and with the corresponding results for the helium liquids.
On the psychophonological structure of English inflectional rules

First- and fourth-graders and adults were presented orally with a list of pairs of synthetic plural nouns differing only in their final consonants (e.g., narp vs. narv) and asked to judge which member of the pair would be a better plural. Fifth-graders made similar judgments concerning pairs of past-tense verbs (e.g., shilarp vs. shilarv). Most of the sounds preferred by the adults (/sh/, /ch/, /j/, /f/, /v/, /th/) and those preferred by the children (/sh/, /ch/, /j/) as artificial plurals share with the regular plural suffix /s z/ the phonological features + strident and + continuant which are more closely identified with the plural than other features. The sounds /ch/ and /j/, which may be analyzed as consonantal clusters containing the regular past-tense markers, i.e., as /tsh/ and /dzh/ respectively, were the only sounds preferred as past-tense suffixes. The results were interpreted as reflecting the importance of differentiating characteristics in language.
Hemisphere package-antenna for wireless sensor

A hemisphere package-antenna operating at 2.4 GHz which can be used in wireless sensor network is presented. The goal of this study is to reduce the size of a wireless sensor by decreasing the antenna dimensions, found to be a major contributor in the final node size. As the transceiver is packaged by the antenna, we focused our investigations on the influence of the transceiver size and position on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Furthermore, the influence of environment where the antenna is placed was done. The optimisation of this 3D antenna is made using an electromagnetic simulator in terms of radiation and influence of the environment. This antenna is a good candidate to be used in medical wireless monitoring.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of small peptides

Two polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic systems for the separation of small peptides are described. In both systems the samples are concentrated by a buffer discontinuity, and the peptides separated according to size and charge in 40–50 % polyacrylamide resolving gels. The acidic gel has an operative pH between 3.0 and 3.1 while the alkaline gel has an operative pH between 9.1 and 9.2. The lower limit of resolution is about 100 daltons for a peptide with one positive charge in the acidic system. The radioactive peptides are detected by autoradiography. Peptides with a free amino group can be fixed in these gels with formaldehyde, so that fluorographic procedures can also be used for increased sensitivity. These techniques enable precise comparison of non-derivatized peptides from complete protein fingerprints and offer a simple one-dimensional analytical method for protein comparison, as well as a general method for separating and analyzing small peptides.
Two new species of Laophontodes (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae) from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Two new species of harpacticoid copepods of the family Ancorabolidae are described from a subtidal site in Cape Armitage, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Laophontodes macclintocki sp. n. and L. spongiosus sp. n. are easily distinguished from the remaining members of the genus Laophontodes by the setal formula of swimming legs P2–P4.
Application of the Stress-Energy Method for Generating Corrugated Board Cushion Curves

Cushion curves are an important tool used for designing foam cushions, but no commercially available curves exist for corrugated board, despite its growing popularity as a cushioning material. This paper summarizes the theory and recent work applying the stress-energy method and different curve fit models to corrugated board for generating cushion curves. This paper also compares stress-energy predicted deceleration values to actual ASTM D1596 deceleration values as a method of determining whether the stress-energy method is a viable alternative for generating cushion curves for corrugated board. The results of this study suggest that the stress-energy method should not yet be recommended for generating cushion curves for corrugated board.
Hepatitis A antibodies in liver transplant recipients: Evidence for loss of immunity posttransplantation

Liver transplant recipients frequently have chronic liver diseases and should be considered for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV). However, persistence of protective antibodies after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has not been shown in this population, which may have implications for future vaccine recommendations. We evaluated the prevalence and epidemiological significance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) in a nonvaccinated population before OLT (immunity from previous exposure) and determined the persistence of IgG anti-HAV at 1 and 2 years after OLT. One hundred consecutive patients were identified who underwent OLT and had at least 2 years of follow-up post-OLT. They were not vaccinated against HAV infection at any time. Clinical data were summarized from medical records, and stored sera were tested for IgG anti-HAV before OLT and at 1 and 2 years after OLT by a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Of 100 patients, 24 had IgG anti-HAV before OLT. No epidemiological differences were noted between those with or without detectable IgG anti-HAV before OLT. Among patients with detectable IgG anti-HAV before OLT, 4 of 22 patients (18%) and 7 of 24 patients (29%) became negative for IgG anti-HAV at 1 and 2 years post-OLT, respectively. None of the patients with undetectable IgG anti-HAV before OLT became positive at any time. Most of our patients with end-stage liver disease had no serological evidence for immunity against HAV. A significant proportion of patients with detectable protective antibodies before OLT lost their antibodies at 2 years after OLT.
Deamidation accelerates amyloid formation and alters amylin fiber structure.

Deamidation of asparagine and glutamine is the most common nonenzymatic, post-translational modification. Deamidation can influence the structure, stability, folding, and aggregation of proteins and has been proposed to play a role in amyloid formation. However there are no structural studies of the consequences of deamidation on amyloid fibers, in large part because of the difficulty of studying these materials using conventional methods. Here we examine the effects of deamidation on the kinetics of amyloid formation by amylin, the causative agent of type 2 diabetes. We find that deamidation accelerates amyloid formation and the deamidated material is able to seed amyloid formation by unmodified amylin. Using site-specific isotope labeling and two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, we show that fibers formed by samples that contain deamidated polypeptide contain reduced amounts of β-sheet. Deamidation leads to disruption of the N-terminal β-sheet between Ala-8 and Ala-13, but β-sheet is still ret...
Association of diabetes and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer

Diabetes and perineural invasion are frequently observed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we tested possible relations between diabetes and perineural invasion in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. We conducted a retrospective study in 544 cases of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center during 1996-2011. Information on tumor characteristics, diabetes history, and survival time was collected by personal interview and medical record review. Patients with diabetes before or at the time of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis were considered diabetes only. Pearson χ(2) test was used to compare categorical variables in diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test, and Cox proportional regression models were applied in survival analysis. The prevalence of diabetes and perineural invasion was 26.5% and 86.9%, respectively, in this study population. Patients with diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of perineural invasion (92.4%) than those without diabetes (85%) (P = 0.025, χ(2) test). Diabetes was not associated with other pathological characteristics of the tumor, such as tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and resection margin status. Diabetic patients had a significantly lower frequency of abdominal pain (P = 0.01), but a slightly higher frequency of weight loss (P = 0.078) as early symptoms of their cancer. Both diabetes and perineural invasion were related to worse survival and increased risk of death after adjusting for tumor grade and margin and node status (P = 0.036 and 0.019, respectively). The observed associations of diabetes and perineural invasion as well as reduced frequency of pain as early symptom of pancreatic cancer support the hypothesis that diabetes may contribute to pancreatic progression via the mechanism of nerve damage.
Practicing Social Activism through Problem-Based Learning:

This article proposes a problem-based group project that encourages students to make connections between classroom and community. The project fosters transformative education; social activism becomes more tangible to students who learn to strategize around social issues. The following discussion highlights the goals and process of teaching with an assignment that simulates the creation of a social movement and describes examples of student actions in introductory social movements courses. The class project forges creative and effective social activism.
EFFECT OF REWARD SEQUENCE ON EXTINCTION AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

Rats were tested in an alley to determine the effect of reward sequence on the extinction and spontaneous recovery of latency and time. Daily, half of the Ss received a small reward on Trial 1 and ...
Time is up: increasing shadow price of time in primary-care office visits

A physician's own time is a scarce resource in primary care, and the physician must constantly evaluate the gain from spending more time with the current patient against moving to address the health-care needs of the next. We formulate and test two alternative hypotheses. The first hypothesis is based on the premise that with time so scarce, physicians equalize the marginal value of time across patients. The second, alternative hypothesis states that physicians allocate the same time to each patient, regardless of how much the patient benefits from the time at the margin. For our empirical work, we examine the presence of a sharply increasing subjective shadow price of time around the 'target' time using video recordings of 385 visits by elderly patients to their primary care physician. We structure the data at the 'topic' level and find evidence consistent with the alternative hypothesis. Specifically, time elapsed within a visit is a very strong determinant of the current topic being the 'last topic'. This finding implies the physician's shadow price of time is rising during the course of a visit. We consider whether dislodging a target-time mentality from physicians (and patients) might contribute to more productive primary care practice.
Cryogenically preserved adult and juvenile goat mandibular condylar transplantation

Loss of a functional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has long been a clinical challenge in both children and adults. Although reconstruction to date has been performed with various prosthetic devices or autogenous costochondral grafts, these procedures have a potential for complications and morbidity. Our studies were performed to determine the feasibility of healing, growth, and long-term function of TMJ reconstruction techniques with cryogenically preserved mandibular allografts in the goat model. This species was chosen because the surgical anatomy and biomechanics of the goat TMJ are very similar to those of the human TMJ. The positive results of the studies and their relevance will be described.
Functional association of U2 snRNP with the ATP-independent spliceosomal complex E.

Abstract In the current model for spliceosome assembly, U1 snRNP binds to the 5′ splice site in the E complex followed by ATP-dependent binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in the A complex. Here we report the characterization of highly purified, functional E complex. We provide evidence that this complex contains functional U2 snRNP and that this snRNP is required for E complex assembly. The BPS is not required for U2 snRNP binding in the E complex. These data suggest a model for spliceosome assembly in which U1 and U2 snRNPs first associate with the spliceosome in the E complex and then an ATP-dependent step results in highly stable U2 snRNP binding to the BPS in the A complex.
Introducing custom power

Changes in customers' needs require improvements in the reliability and quality of the electricity supply. This paper describes how the concept of custom power is now becoming familiar. The term describes the value-added power that electric utilities and other service providers will offer their customers in the future. The improved level of reliability of this power, in terms of reduced interruptions and less variation, will stem from an integrated solution to present problems, of which a prominent feature will be the application of power electronic controllers to utility distribution systems and/or at the supply end of many industrial and commercial customers and industrial parks. >
GLUT4 heterozygous knockout mice develop muscle insulin resistance and diabetes

GLUT4, the insulin-responsive glucose transporter, plays an important role in postprandial glucose disposal. Altered GLUT4 activity is suggested to be one of the factors responsible for decreased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue in obesity and diabetes. To assess the effect of GLUT4 expression on whole-body glucose homeostasis, we disrupted the murine GLUT4 gene by homologous recombination. Male mice heterozygous for the mutation (GLUT4 +/-) exhibited a decrease in GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This decrease in GLUT4 expression did not result in obesity but led to increased serum glucose and insulin, reduced muscle glucose uptake, hypertension, and diabetic histopathologies in the heart and liver similar to those of humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The male GLUT4 +/- mice represent a good model for studying the development of NIDDM without the complications associated with obesity.
Acting Irrationally versus Acting Contrary to What is Required by Reason

Soulignant la difference de style qui l'oppose a la conception pacifique de l'activite philosophique developpee par J. Sterba dans son ouvrage intitule «Justice for Here and Now» (1998), l'A. affirme sa maniere belliqueuse de faire de la philosophie, d'une part, et expose le differend qui oppose les deux penseurs en matiere de morale, de rationalite et d'action irrationnelle, d'autre part. L'A. se propose de retranscrire l'essentiel de la conversation qu'il a eue avec J. Sterba a l'occasion du XII e me Colloque International de Philosophie Sociale qui s'est deroule en ete 1995
The static profiles of several solid/oil/water/ vapor configurations. I. Four phase contact lines

Abstract Four phase solid/oil/water/vapor configurations occur in certain instances in detergency, in lithography, in flotation of solids and the like. In many cases, it is of interest to ascertain the influence of various mechanical factors on the shape and dimensions of the configuration. This ability requires knowledge of either dynamic or static profiles of the system—the latter being far simpler to handle theoretically. As a first step, this series of articles treats the static profiles of two elementary four phase configurations, namely four phase contact lines and partially submerged drops. Only axisymmetric and translationally symmetric variants are considered. The former configuration is the simpler of the two in terms of the profile calculations and is the subject of Part I. Partially submerged drops occupies Part II. In both parts, detailed numerical computations are presented for a representative oil-water system having known densities and interfacial tensions. A second aspect of this study concerns the stability of the four phase systems and this topic is also covered for the two configurations.
Grass carp in the Great Lakes region: establishment potential, expert perceptions, and re-evaluation of experimental evidence of ecological impact

Intentional introductions of nonindigenous fishes are increasing globally. While benefits of these introductions are easily quantified, assessments to understand the negative impacts to ecosystems ...
Modified Bühner suture technique in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) with penile prolapse

Penile prolapse in guinea pigs may occur due to prolonged trauma, fur/debris accumulation, irritation and/or infection of the penis. Other species affected by penile prolapse include reptiles, horses, cats, dogs, degus and chinchillas. Treatment for penile prolapse usually involves treatment of the underlying cause, anti-inflammatories, analgesics and manual reduction. However, if initial manual reduction is unsuccessful and the penis continues to prolapse, surgical intervention may be considered to facilitate prolapse reduction. In horses, traumatic penile prolapse was successfully treated using a modified Buhner suture technique, historically used in reproductive prolapse in cattle. This case report describes the successful use of a modified Buhner suture technique to treat a four-year-old intact guinea pig boar with balanoposthitis-induced penile prolapse. Based on this experience, a modified Buhner suture technique in conjunction with appropriate medical management is a useful, minimally invasive technique for treatment of balanoposthitis-induced penile prolapse in guinea pigs.
DNA-templated nanotube localization.

Carbon nanotubes are nanometer-scale materials with important properties, but their use in nanofabrication will require further development of methods for controlled positioning at well-defined locations on surfaces. We have devised an approach for specifically localizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) onto 1-pyrenemethylamine (PMA)-decorated λ-DNA molecules aligned on Si surfaces. PMA is used as a bridging compound because its amine group is attracted electrostatically to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA, while the pyrenyl group in PMA interacts with SWNT surfaces through π-stacking forces. From a total of 60 atomic force microscopy images obtained on three different substrates, we determined that 63% of SWNTs observed on the surfaces were anchored along DNA, and these nanotubes covered ∼5% of the total DNA length. DNA-templated nanopositioning offers intriguing possibilities for the bottom-up assembly of materials at the nanometer scale.
P2P Networks and the Verizon v. RIAA Case: Implications for Personal Privacy and Intellectual Property

In this paper, we examine some ethical implications of a controversial court decision in the United States involving Verizon (an Internet Service Provider or ISP) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In particular, we analyze the impacts this decision has for personal privacy and intellectual property. We begin with a brief description of the controversies and rulings in this case. This is followed by a look at some of the challenges that peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, used to share digital information, pose for our legal and moral systems. We then examine the concept of privacy to better understand how the privacy of Internet users participating in P2P file-sharing practices is threatened under certain interpretations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in the United States. In particular, we examine the implications of this act for a new form of "panoptic surveillance" that can be carried out by organizations such as the RIAA. We next consider the tension between privacy and property-right interests that emerges in the Verizon case, and we examine a model proposed by Jessica Litman for distributing information over the Internet in a way that respects both privacy and property rights. We conclude by arguing that in the Verizon case, we should presume in favor of privacy as the default position, and we defend the view that a presumption should be made in favor of sharing (rather than hoarding) digital information. We also conclude that in the Verizon case, a presumption in favor of property would have undesirable effects and would further legitimize the commodification of digital information --- a recent trend that is reinforced by certain interpretations of the DMCA on the part of lawmakers and by aggressive tactics used by the RIAA.
Vasoseminal vesiculography in staging adenocarcinoma of prostate

We found vasoseminal vesiculography useful in staging adenocarcinoma of the prostate and in measurement of radiotherapy ports. In 12 patients who had radical prostatectomies, the histologic findings correlated well with the vasoseminal vesiculograms. Criteria for reading benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma have been well established in the literature and are reviewed.
Prior knowledge and the effect of suggested frames of reference in advertising

This research builds on framing and anchoring and adjustment research and proposes suggested frames of reference as a means to influence buyer behavior. Theory and hypotheses are tested in an experiment of video camera purchases. The empirical results suggest that response to suggested frames of reference varies, depending on the buyer's prior category knowledge. Low-knowledge buyers are influenced by price frames. High-knowledge buyers are influenced by outcome frames. Positive frames are more influential than negative frames. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of leakage and quantum entanglement for acoustic spintronics

We investigate the entanglement of spins for two electrons contributing to the acoustoelectric current driven by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) in two adjacent narrow channels by calculating their exchange energy (J). Our calculations are done in the s wave Heitler-London approach, as well as by taking the difference between the energies of the singlet and triplet states which we obtain by solving the Schrodinger equation in the adiabatic approximation. We also calculate the leakage of the electrons from the lowest states in which they are prepared to excited states within the moving quantum dots. The leakage from the ground state is also calculated when an electron is launched in a channel which is then split into two adjacent channels by gates.
Biological nitrification of kraft wastewater

A program of batch, continuous-flow, and field pilot tests have been conducted to measure the extent and stability of nitrification in kraft wastewater. Laboratory batch tests measured the extent and rate of ammonia removal from kraft wastewater. Controlled variables included aerated stabilization basin (ASB) location, temperature, pH, ammonia concentration, black liquor content, bicarbonate content, and presence of acclimated nitrifying bacteria. Findings were that (a) moderate wastewater temperature (22-35°C), pH near 7.3, and black liquor spill control prevented slowing of nitrification, and (b) provision of acclimated nitrifying bacteria (by appropriate recirculation methods) dramatically reduced the residence time needed for nitrification in kraft ASBs. Laboratory-scale, fixed-film, continuous-flow tests were used to investigate dynamic responses to changes in wastewater composition and flow. Results demonstrated that the nitrifying films were not ‘damaged’ by 4- or 24-hour step increases in influent ammonia, but the films could not respond quickly enough to substantially dampen out the effect on effluent quality. A pilot 4-stage rotating biological contactor (RBC) was installed at an ASB to test the nitrification of kraft wastewater under actual process variations. The results during the 11-month run were: (a) the RBC demonstrated capability to consistently and substantially reduce NH4-N concentration below 1 mg/L, (b) about one month was needed to establish effective treatment, and (c) effective treatment was sustained at a maximum hydraulic loading rate of 0.11 m3/day per m2.
Sensitivity Analysis on Inventory Classification Methods for Oilfield Equipment Industry

This paper presents a case study for inventory management for an oilfield equipment company. The management encounters the problem of deciding which parts to manufacture in-house and which ones to subcontract. A decision support system (DSS) is developed which ranks component parts by integrating multi-criteria classification methods considering both quantitative (e.g., cost and demand) and qualitative (e.g., importance) factors. The focus on this research is to perform a sensitivity analysis on weight assignment for each criterion. This information is important in applications of inventory management since industries may not be able to manufacture all the necessary parts on time. Real world data from an oilfield equipment industry are used where inventory control problems have arisen because the company does not have the capacity to manufacture all the required parts to satisfy customer orders.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Influence of Temperature on the Arginine and Methionine Requirements of Young Broiler Chicks

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted with Ross × Ross broiler chicks in battery brooders from 7 to 21 d of age to determine the Arg and Met requirements of young broiler chicks at control (25°C) and warm (35°C) temperatures. In both experiments, 1-d-old broiler chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal based starter diet for 7 d. Six replications (2 replicates in each of 3 rooms per temperature) with 8 chicks each were used for each treatment. In experiment 1, the basal diet was based on corn (34.52%), whey (26.96%), corn gluten meal (16.53%), soybean meal (11.74%), and poultry fat (23% of CP and 3.20 kcal/g of MEn). Six levels of Arg (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%), supplementing the basal diet containing 0.95% Arg, were the dietary treatments. A broken-line linear model was used to estimate chick Arg requirements. Based on body gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data, respectively, the Arg requirements of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks raised at 35°C were 1.15 ± 0.03% and 1.13 ± 0.02%, whereas those of chicks at 25°C were 1.26 ± 0.03% and 1.27 ± 0.02%. In experiment 2, the influences of temperature and dietary Arg on the Met requirements of young broiler chicks were investigated. The basal diet was based on corn (53.45%), soybean meal (37.72%), and poultry fat (23% of CP and 3.20 kcal/g of ME). Experiment 2 had a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the basal diet (0.35% Met and 1.52% Arg) supplemented with 6 levels of dietary Met (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, or 0.3%) and 2 levels of dietary Arg (0 and 1.0%). When chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 1.52% Arg, the Met requirements of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks raised at 35°C were 0.43 ± 0.02% and 0.43 ± 0.03%, whereas those of chicks at 25°C was 0.43 ± 0.01% and 0.48 ± 0.03%, based on body gain and FCR data, respectively. When Arg levels were increased to 2.52%, the Met requirement of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks was greater at both temperatures (P < 0.05). The requirements of chicks raised at 35°C were 0.50 ± 0.02% and 0.49 ± 0.02% and at 25°C were 0.59 ± 0.03% and 0.57 ± 0.02%, based on body gain and FCR data, respectively. Temperature and amino acid balance may both affect the amino acid requirements of broilers.
FrontDesk: an enterprise class Web-based software system for programming assignment submission, feedback dissemination, and grading automation

The problem of managing an effective relationship between course staff and students in large programming courses admits no trivial solution. Students often complain of lack of feedback, slow assignment grading times, and a gap in communication between them and the course staff responsible for evaluating their work. In addition, course staff feels powerless to help because of the complexity and sheer numbers of students involved in such courses. In this paper, we describe our Web-based distributed application, FrontDesk that attempts to bridge the feedback and communication gap that these courses suffer from. FrontDesk provides tools for students to submit their work through the Web and to receive rich, informative feedback. It provides course staff with the ability to give effective subjective feedback for large courses and to automate objective programming assignment correctness testing in a flexible, distributed, and efficient manner.
Conformation vs voltage gating in a molecular transistor: A first-principles quantum chemical study

The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture is studied under the influence of conformational or voltage gating and also when both are simultaneously present. At the ground state configuration, the calculated tunneling current (I d ) as a function of external bias (V ds ) exhibits typical insulator-semiconductor behaviour. However, a significant increase, by more than an order of magnitude, and a distinct variation in the current are predicted in its operational mode (V ds >1.5V) when additional non-planarity is induced in the triphenyl chain. The observed conformational gating affects the current via localization/delocalization of the electronic wave function in the conduction channel. As the gate-field is turned on, the transport is affected via “enhancement” or “depletion” mode of a transistor, attributed to the intrinsic dipolar molecular architecture. The current modulation is found to reach its maximum only under exclusive effect of voltage or conformational gating and diminishes when both of them are present.
The Development of Automatic Word Recognition Skills.

Kindergarteners, first graders, and third graders performed a discrete-trial Stroop task in which they named the colors of stimuli that either matched or did not match items that were being concurr...
A bat-like sonar system for obstacle localization

An active wide-beam sonar system that mimics the sensor configuration of echolocating bats is described for applications in sensor-based robotics. Obstacles in a two-dimensional (2-D) environment are detected and localized using time-of-flight (TOF) measurements of their echoes. The standard threshold detector produces a biased TOF estimate. An unbiased TOF estimate is derived by a parametric fit to the echo waveform, motivated by experimental observations of actual sonar signals. This novel method forms a tradeoff between the complexity of the optimum estimator and the biased threshold detector. Using the TOF information from both methods, the range and azimuth of an obstacle are estimated. Localization is most accurate if the obstacle is located along the system line-of-sight and improves with decreasing range. Standard deviations of the range and azimuth estimators are compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bounds. The parabolic fit method has large variance but zero bias at large deviations from the line-of-sight. The system operation is generalized from isolated obstacles to extended obstacles. >
Impact ionization MOS (I-MOS)-Part I: device and circuit simulations

One of the fundamental problems in the continued scaling of transistors is the 60 mV/dec room temperature limit in the subthreshold slope. In part I this work, a novel transistor based on the field-effect control of impact-ionization (I-MOS) is explored through detailed device and circuit simulations. The I-MOS uses gated-modulation of the breakdown voltage of a p-i-n diode to switch from the OFF state to the ON state and vice-versa. Device simulations using MEDICI show that the I-MOS has a subthreshold slope of 5 mV/dec or lower and I/sub ON/>1 mA//spl mu/m at 400 K. Simulations were used to further explore the characteristics of the I-MOS including the transients of the turn-on mechanism, the short-channel effect, scalability, and other important device attributes. Circuit mode simulations were also used to explore circuit design using I-MOS devices and the design of an I-MOS inverter. These simulations indicated that the I-MOS has the potential to replace CMOS in high performance and low power digital applications. Part II of this work focuses on I-MOS experimental results with emphasis on hot carrier effects, germanium p-i-n data and breakdown in recessed structure devices.
Postglacial migration and the loss of allozyme variation in northern populations of Asclepias Exaltata (Asclepiadaceae)

The recent Wisconsin glaciation has provided opportunities for examining the effects of postglacial recolonization on the population genetics of plant and animal communities. In this study allozyme variation was examined in 19 populations of the herbaceous perennial Asclepias exaltata occurring in previously glaciated regions of North America. These northern populations of A. exaltata possess significantly fewer polymorphic loci (46.3 6 2.7; mean 6 1 SD), alleles per polymorphic locus (1.84 6 0.24), and expected heterozygosity (0.133 6 0.031) than populations found in the Pleistocene refugium in the southern Appalachians. Population-level allozyme diversity decreased linearly from south to north and from east to west. Nineteen uncommon alleles previously observed in southern Appalachian populations were undetected in the northern region. Seven common alleles exhibited a clinal change in allele frequency. Of these, only Pgd-1a and Mnr-1c were at low-frequency in the southern Appalachians and increased significantly with increasing latitude and longitude, respectively. Despite this loss of allozyme diversity following postglacial migration, northern populations of A. exaltata have higher allozyme diversity and lower population differentiation (G ST 5 0.117) than mean values for other long-lived herbaceous perennials. Increased habitat fragmentation in northern regions and potential habitat loss in the southern Appalachians are likely to reduce the historically rich gene pool that has provided the genetic stock for postglacial recoveries.
Idiopathic Eosinophilia Associated CMML-2 With Overexpression of the ETV6 Gene

Charcot Leyden crystals in the bone marrow are rare and have been described in the bone marrow 1,5,11 and in the soft tissue 2 (granulocytic sarcoma); however, no consistent cytogenetic abnormality has been associated. Charcot Leyden crystals are seen in fluids and tissues with eosinophilic dominated inflammatory reactions. To date, eosinophilic associated chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML-2) has not been described with Charcot Leyden crystals. Recent exciting cytogenetic associations have linked idiopathic eosinophilia to myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes and in particular certain genes (ie, PDGFRbeta ETV6 fusion, FIPIL1-PDGFRalpha fusion, and others). We describe a case of idiopathic eosinophilia with Charcot Leyden crystals associated with CMML-2 and overexpression of ETV6.
“A Planned Baby Is a Rarity:” Monitoring and Planning Pregnancy in Russia

Russia provides an interesting case for comparative research of maternity care due to the rapid social change and steep fertility decline since the collapse of the Soviet Union. I analyze out-patient maternity care in public sector women's clinics in St. Petersburg on the basis of qualitative observation and interview data. Gynecologists' role in monitoring pregnancy is central, resulting in an emphasis on medical expertise and risk management. Ideally, gynecologists see themselves as medical experts and maternal caretakers, but the latter role seldom materializes in practice. Gynecologists' ideas of pregnancy planning demonstrate a wish for further medicalization of maternity care.
Carbon Source Preference in Chemosynthetic Hot Spring Communities

Rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73°C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the hot spring communities exhibited rates of DIC assimilation that were greater than those of formate and acetate assimilation, 2 exhibited rates of formate and/or acetate assimilation that exceeded those of DIC assimilation. Overall rates of DIC, formate, and acetate mineralization and assimilation were positively correlated with spring pH but showed little correlation with temperature. Communities sampled from hot springs with similar geochemistries generally exhibited similar rates of substrate transformation, as well as similar community compositions, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene-tagged sequencing. Amendment of microcosms with small (micromolar) amounts of formate suppressed DIC assimilation in short-term (<45-min) incubations, despite the presence of native DIC concentrations that exceeded those of added formate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The concentration of added formate required to suppress DIC assimilation was similar to the affinity constant (Km) for formate transformation, as determined by community kinetic assays. These results suggest that dominant chemoautotrophs in high-temperature communities are facultatively autotrophic or mixotrophic, are adapted to fluctuating nutrient availabilities, and are capable of taking advantage of energy-rich organic substrates when they become available.
Compiler supported high-level abstractions for sparse disk-resident datasets

Processing and analyzing large volumes of data plays an increasingly important role in many domains of scientific research. The complexity and irregularity of datasets in many domains make the task of developing such processing applications tedious and error-prone.We propose use of high-level abstractions for hiding the irregularities in these datasets and enabling rapid development of correct data processing applications. We present two execution strategies and a set of compiler analysis techniques for obtaining high performance from applications written using our proposed high-level abstractions. Our execution strategies achieve high locality in disk accesses. Once a disk block is read from the disk, all iterations that access any of the elements from this disk block are performed. To support our execution strategies and improve the performance, we have developed static analysis techniques for: 1) computing the set of iterations that access a particular right-hand-side element, 2) generating a function that can be applied to the meta-data associated with each disk block, for determining if that disk block needs to be read, and 3) performing code hoisting of conditionals.We present experimental results from a prototype compiler implementing our techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Matching algorithms and architecture in hierarchical shared-memory multiprocessor (HSM) systems

The authors map several interprocessor communication and linear algebra algorithms on a memory coherent hierarchical shared-memory multiprocessor (HSM) system and their communication complexities are evaluated. The results show that the hierarchical architecture is ill-suited to algorithms exhibiting no temporal locality on data accesses or to the algorithms with point-to-point communication. >
Aversive stimulation and reversal learning

Albino rats were initially trained to make a black-white discrimination to escape from high (.8 mA) or low shock (.3 mA). Reversal training was then begun either immediately after Ss reached an 8 out of 10 performance criterion or after 95 overtraining trials. Shock level did not affect performance in original training. There were no differences in trials-to-reversal criterion due to shock level or amount of prereversal training. However, as in appetitive situations, overtrained Ss made more consecutive perseverative errors following cue reversal, and showed less tendency to respond positionally during the first 24 reversal trials. Shock level did not affect perseveration or position responding.
Developing Life-Long Learners through Personal Growth Projects.

Leaders must become life-long learners if they are to remain effective in an environment that is both global and changing at an exponential pace. As Day (1992) noted, personal growth is essential in the leadership development process. In a personal leadership development course, students are required to complete a personal growth project in order to add to their personal leadership development. In this assignment, students choose a project that will stretch their personal comfort zone and allow their strengths to be utilized in a new way. Reflection is a key element of the process in which they tie their experiences with the personal growth project to their values, strengths, and leadership behaviors.
Efficiency Centric Communication Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent studies on radio reality provided strong evidence that radio links between low-power sensor devices are extremely unreliable. In this paper, we study how to improve energy efficiency for reliable communication using such unreliable links. We identify an optimal bound on energy efficiency for reliable communication, and propose a new communication model in the link layer that asymptotically approaches this bound. This new model indicates a better path metric compared to previous path metrics, and we validate this by establishing a routing infrastructure based on this metric, which indeed achieves a higher energy efficiency compared to other stateof-the-art approaches. We present results from a systematic analysis, simulations and prototype experiments based on the MicaZ platform. The results give us fundamental insights on communication efficiency over unreliable links.