cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Premigratory Autumn Foraging Forays in the Green Frog, Rana clamitans

Observations on post-breeding movements of radio-implanted green frogs (Rana clamitans) revealed that frogs made repetitive forays away from and back to breeding ponds before final migrations to overwintering sites away from the pond. We used a drift fence and radio-transmitters to test the hypothesis that these movements were related to preoverwintering foraging and not overwintering site selection. Movements were oriented directly to habitats away from the pond, the terrestrial habitats had more food than those closer to the pond edge, and frog mass increased during forays away from the pond but declined at the pond. Foray directions were not correlated with migration direction and were considerably shorter than migration distances to overwintering sites. An intense, late season, foraging period is probably necessary for the green frog to rebuild lipid reserves following breeding and to prepare for overwintering.
Barriers to health care for Vietnamese refugees

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the dynamics of why Vietnamese refugees may not optimally use existing health services in the United States. A random sample of 75 refugees was interviewed by a bilingual translator. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of time of arrival on whether the following are barriers to care: not having a translator available in health care facilities, feeling understood by health care providers, being able to understand the written and verbal instructions of providers, and not having a primary provider. The hypothesis, that time-of-arrival groups would differ significantly on these variables, was supported ( F = 4.81; df = 8,136; P F = 17.09; df = 2,71; P F = 5.68; df = 2,71; P F = 5.15; df = 2,71; P F = 4.25; df = 2,71; P F = 18.22; df = 2,72; P F = 13.74; df = 2,72; P
Can We Prevent Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects 1.93 in 1000 youth in the USA. Over the last 40 years, a combination of genetic and immunological markers has been developed allowing for the accurate prediction of progression to T1D. Despite our abilities to predict disease and the marked improvement in our understanding of the natural history of T1D, therapies capable of preventing or reversing T1D remain elusive. This article will review recent and ongoing efforts to understand the causes of T1D and related efforts to study potential therapies aimed at preventing T1D.
Visual Features Involving Motion Seen from Airport Control Towers

Visual motion cues are used by tower controllers to support both visual and anticipated separation. Some of these cues are tabulated as part of the overall set of visual features used in towers to separate aircraft. An initial analyses of one motion cue, landing deceleration, is provided as a basis for evaluating how controllers detect and use it for spacing aircraft on or near the surface. Understanding cues like it will help determine if they can be safely used in a remote/virtual tower in which their presentation may be visually degraded.
Low-cost test of embedded RF/analog/mixed-signal circuits in SOPs

Increasing levels of integration and high speeds of operation have made the problem of testing complex systems-on-packages (SOPs) very difficult. Testing packages with multigigahertz RF and optical components is even more difficult as external tester costs tend to escalate rapidly beyond 3 GHz. The extent of the problem can be gauged by the fact that test cost is approaching almost 40% of the total manufacturing cost of these packages. To alleviate test costs, various solutions relying on built-off test (BOT) and built-in test (BIT) of embedded high-speed components of SOPs have been developed. These migrate some of the external tester functions to the tester load board (BOT) and to the package and the die encapsulated in the package (BIT) in an "intelligent" manner. This paper provides a discussion of the emerging BOT and BIT schemes for embedded high-speed RF/analog/mixed-signal circuits in SOPs. The pros and cons of each scheme are discussed and preliminary available data on case studies are presented.
Plague, policy and popular unrest in British India.

The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from a multiplicity of diseases through the end of World War I. In the half-century 1872-1921 annual mortality ranged between 40 and 50 per thousand, more than twice the death-rates of the advanced West, and life expectancy fell from about 25 to 20 years. The Indian experience was not unique. Epidemics of cholera and the ‘white plague’ of tuberculosis in the industrializing West, and the ordeal of mortality in the colonial Philippines also illustrated how development activities induced social and environmental disruptions and sustained or promoted high death-rates.
CK7 expression in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Aim: To evaluate cytokeratin 7 (CK7) immunoreactivity in invasive primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Methods: Twenty-seven primary cutaneous SCCs from 25 patients were evaluated for tumor grade using hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and for percentage and intensity of immunoreactivity for CK7. All cases exhibited features of SCC with an in situ component. No glandular or tubular differentiation was present. Staining intensity was graded on a scale of 0–3, with 0 indicating no reaction. Of immunoreactive cases, percentage of tumor staining and distribution of immunoreactivity was documented. Results: Six of 27 SCCs (22%) exhibited immunostaining for CK7. Of those cases, three were poorly differentiated, exhibiting 2 to 3+ intensity in 5–15% of cells. Two were poorly differentiated, with 2 to 3+ intensity in 30–60% of cells. The remaining immunoreactive tumor was moderately differentiated, with 1+ intensity and 5% staining in an area of microinvasion. Conclusion: A subset of cutaneous SCCs, in particular, poorly differentiated tumors, may show focal-to-partial immunoreactivity for CK7. This is important to bear in mind when immunohistochemistry is used to distinguish SCC from simulants, such as porocarcinoma, or other adnexal carcinomas with squamous metaplasia. Pulitzer M, Desman G, Busam KJ. CK7 expression in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Identifying Weather Regimes in the Wintertime 500-hPa Geopotential Height Field for the Pacific–North American Sector Using a Limited-Contour Clustering Technique

Abstract A hierarchical clustering algorithm using Ward’s method has been applied to the 500-hPa geopotential height field in the Pacific–North American sector. In contrast to previous clustering studies that measure distance between records by using all the grid points within the domain (full-field method), the procedure outlined here, referred to as the limited-contour method, focuses on the coordinates of the 540-dam contour as the distance measure. Comparison between the regimes emerging from the two methods shows that the limited-contour method is more efficient than the full-field method with respect to grouping maps with ridges located at similar longitudes. The four regimes emerging from the limited-contour clustering analysis have been named as follows: Off-Shore Trough, Alaskan Ridge, Coastal Ridge, and Rockies Ridge. The frequencies of occurrence of the regimes have a significant relationship with the phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. El Nino winters exhibit a strong preference for the...
Normal weight adults consume more fiber and fruit than their age and height matched overweight/obese counterparts

Abstract Objectives To assess differences in dietary intake of overweight/obese subjects and sex-, age-, and height-matched controls and to identify dietary components associated with increased deposition of body fat. Design/subjects A convenience sample of 52 overweight/obese and 52 normal-weight adults matched for sex, age (±1 year), and height (±1 inch) were recruited from the local area. Dietary intake was assessed with the Block 60-item food frequency questionnaire, physical activity was measured by the Yale Physical Activity Survey, and percent body fat was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Statistical Analyses Performed Independent t tests compared between-group consumption of dietary components. The ability of dietary components to predict percent body fat before and after controlling for age-, sex-, and physical activity-related energy expenditure and other macronutrients was assessed with multiple regression analyses. Spearman correlation coefficients examined relationships among nutrients, Food Guide Pyramid servings, and percent body fat. Results Overweight/obese subjects consumed more total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol and less carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate, and dietary fiber than control subjects. Reported intake of dietary fiber was inversely related to percent body fat without ( R 2 =0.052, P =0.02) and with ( R 2 =0.045, P =0.013) control for potential confounding factors. Servings of fruit per day were negatively related to percent body fat ( r =−0.40, P Conclusions These findings suggest that the composition of a diet, especially low dietary fiber and fruit intake, plays a role in the etiology of obesity.
Factors associated with successful bilateral sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective As our understanding of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for endometrial cancer (EC) evolves, tailoring the technique to individual patients at high risk for failed mapping may result in a higher rate of successful bilateral mapping (SBM). The study objective is to identify patient, tumor, and surgeon factors associated with successful SBM in patients with EC and complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH). Methods From September 2012 to November 2014, women with EC or CAH underwent SLN mapping via cervical injection followed by robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RA-TLH) at a tertiary care academic center. Completion lymphadenectomy and ultrastaging were performed according to an institutional protocol. Patient demographics, tumor and surgeon/intraoperative variables were prospectively collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed evaluating factors known or hypothesized to impact the rate of successful lymphatic mapping. Results RA-TLH and SLN mapping was performed in 111 women; 93 had EC and 18 had CAH. Eighty women had low grade and 31 had high grade disease. Overall, at least one SLN was identified in 85.6% of patients with SBM in 62.2% of patients. Dye choice (indocyanine green versus isosulfan blue), odds ratio (OR: 4.5), body mass index (OR: 0.95), and clinically enlarged lymph nodes (OR: 0.24) were associated with SBM rate on multivariate analyses. The use of indocyanine green dye was particularly beneficial in patients with a body mass index greater than 30. Conclusion Injection dye, BMI, and clinically enlarged lymph nodes are important considerations when performing sentinel lymph node mapping for EC.
Fragmented care in the era of limited work hours: a plea for an explicit handover curriculum

The current challenge in surgical residency education, preserving a sense of accountability in an era of limited work hours and multiple transitions of care, can be accomplished through the promotion of effective handovers. Approaches include increasing the transparency of handovers, enhancing the 'situational awareness' of individuals involved, and incorporating narratives and social interactions, and expanding common ground among professionals who collectively have responsibility for patient care. Done well, handovers can preserve the physician-patient relationship and provide a continuity bridge during a vulnerable time for patients.
A sufficient condition for n-connectedness of graphs

A graph G (finite, undirected, and without loops or multiple lines) is n-connected if the removal of fewer than n points from G neither disconnects it nor reduces it to the trivial graph consisting of a single point. We present in this note a sufficient set of conditions on the degrees (valences) of the points of a graph G so that G is n-connected.
On surveillance for safety critical events

A distributed camera-sensor system for driver assistance and situational awareness.Systematic, comparative evaluation of cues for prediction of safety critical events.Real-time prediction of overtaking and braking maneuvers.Detailed temporal analysis of the utility of various cues for maneuver prediction.Early prediction (1-2s) before the maneuver is shown on real-world data. We study techniques for monitoring and understanding real-world human activities, in particular of drivers, from distributed vision sensors. Real-time and early prediction of maneuvers is emphasized, specifically overtake and brake events. Study this particular domain is motivated by the fact that early knowledge of driver behavior, in concert with the dynamics of the vehicle and surrounding agents, can help to recognize dangerous situations. Furthermore, it can assist in developing effective warning and driver assistance systems. Multiple perspectives and modalities are captured and fused in order to achieve a comprehensive representation of the scene. Temporal activities are learned from a multi-camera head pose estimation module, hand and foot tracking, ego-vehicle parameters, lane and road geometry analysis, and surround vehicle trajectories. The system is evaluated on a challenging dataset of naturalistic driving in real-world settings.
UN PREVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: THE BANGLADESH CASE

The United Nations never deliberately considered the massacre of at least several hundred thousand persons and the perpetration of other forms of gross violations of human rights in Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan, from March to December 1971. The UN's non-response to these tragic events represents a serious omission in the exercise of its responsibility to promote human rights. Prompt UN consideration of the human rights violations when they were first reported might have prevented further violations as well as the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan and the hostilities between India and Pakistan. The Bangladesh experience vividly illustrates the inextricable relationship between the UN Charter's principles of promoting human rights and maintaining international peace and security. It also illustrates, unfortunately, that member states consider that the charter's principle of non-interference in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of a member state may prohibit UN intervention until a situation reaches a level of international conflict incapable of a non-violent solution. Scholars of UN affairs should consider the implications of the Bangladesh experience in terms of UN capability to prevent human rights violations. In December 1970, the Awami League-the East Pakistani political party led by Sheik Mujib Rahman, the present prime minister of Bangladesh-won a majority of the seats in the national assembly. The government of Pakistan refused to convene the national assembly, since it would result in shifting political control from West to East Pakistan. The government and the Awami League attempted to negotiate a political settlement. On March 25, the government discontinued nego-
Learning from nature: bottlenose dolphin care and husbandry

The world's longest-running study of a wild dolphin population, operated by the Chicago Zoological Society since 1989, has focused on the multi-generational resident community of about 160 bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, since 1970. Observational and capture-release research on the biology, behavior, life history, ecology, and health of individually identifiable bay residents of up to 59 years of age and spanning five generations has helped to inform collection managers at the Brookfield Zoo and partner institutions. Age, sex, and genetic compositions of colonies at cooperating institutions have been based on observations of social structure and genetic paternity testing in Sarasota Bay to optimize breeding success. Breeding success, including calf survivorship, is evaluated relative to individual wild dolphin reproductive histories, spanning as many as nine calves and four decades. Individual rearing patterns for wild dolphins provide guidance for determining how long to keep mothers and calves together, and help to define the next steps in the calves' social development. Health assessments provide data on expected ranges of blood, milk and urine values, morphometrics, and body condition relative to age, sex, and reproductive condition. Calf growth can be compared with wild values. Target weights and blubber thicknesses for specific age and sex classes in specified water temperatures are available for wild dolphins, and caloric intakes can be adjusted accordingly to meet the targets. A strength of the program is the ability to monitor individuals throughout their lives, and to be able to define individual ranges of variability through ontogenetic stages.
Functional brain maturation in neonates as measured by EEG-sleep analyses.

Objective: Seven measures of neonatal EEG-sleep behavior were evaluated using multivariate analyses to ascertain if physiologic differences exist between healthy full- and preterm cohorts. Methods: A total of 381 24-channel EEG-sleep studies were analyzed, including 125 recordings on 50 healthy fullterm and 256 recordings on 59 asymptomatic preterm infants between 28 and 70.6 weeks post-conceptional age. One EEG study for each subject was randomly assigned (109 studies) within the time window of 38 – 44 weeks post-conceptional age. A multivariate analytic procedure was applied to the data sets, by which a ‘dysmaturity index’ was assigned for each infant, based on 7 EEG-sleep measures. This index was defined in terms of the distance from the fullterm group’s centroid (i.e. Mahalanobis distance). Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were calculated for several different combinations of 7 EEG-sleep measures to describe differences between neonatal cohorts. Results: The ROC curve corresponding to all 7 EEG-sleep measures covered the substantially largest area among the curves for the sets of variables considered, suggesting that all 7 measures of sleep behavior were required to best discriminate between cohorts. Conclusions: This methodology exemplifies how EEG-sleep analyses can be applied to the study of functional brain maturation of infants at risk for neurodevelopment problems. Significance: Changes in EEG-sleep behavior in the preterm infant may represent altered activity-dependent development of neural circuitry, resulting in remodeling of the immature brain as a reflection of adaptation to conditions of prematurity. q 2003 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
A Note on the Mating Behavior of Empis gulosa Coquillett (Diptera: Empididae)

Abstract I present here the first description of the mating behavior of the empidid fly Empis gulosa. Males of this predatory species appear to provide their copulatory partners with a nuptial gift in the form of a small insect that the female consumes while mating. In northern Virginia, copulations occur in late April and early May primarily in the late afternoon or evening.
Hamstring Muscle Tightness Reliability of an Active-Knee-Extension Test

The purpose of this study was to examine intratester reliability of a test designed to measure tightness in the hamstring muscles. The test measures the angle of knee flexion with a pendulum goniometer after active knee extension with the hip stabilized at 90 degrees flexion. The angle of knee flexion represents hamstring tightness. After an instruction session for the subjects, the hamstring muscle tightness of both extremities of 15 men was measured during test and retest sessions. The reliability coefficients for test and retest measurements were .99 for the left extremity and .99 for the right extremity. High reliability resulted from strict body stabilization methods, a well-defined end point of motion, and accurate instrument placement. If conducted properly, the test should provide therapists with an objective and reliable tool for measuring hamstring muscle tightness.
Abstract 150: HPV and aberrant DNA methylation status in paired saliva and tumor samples in HNSCC

To examine the utility of non-invasive detection of high risk HPV and aberrant DNA methylation in matched saliva and tumor DNA in squamous head and neck cancer (HNSCC). In a cohort of 35 primary HNSCC with matched tumor (cases) and saliva specimens, HPV status was initially determined using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping kit and confirmed by PCR for HPV subtypes 16, 31, 33 and 45. Aberrant methylation of 24 tumor suppressor genes was interrogated using the methylation specific multiplex ligation probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay. Of the 35 cases, 20 were negative for HPV in the saliva and tumor, 9 were positive for HPV in both and in 6 cases HPV was positive in the tumor specimen but not detected in the corresponding saliva. In the 9 cases that were positive for HPV in the tumor and matched saliva, 6 were HPV 16 positive and 1 case each was positive for HPV 31, 33 and 45. The sensitivity and specificity for HPV in this cohort were 100% and 60%, respectively. Promoter hypermethylation frequency in tumor samples was 60% (21/35) as compared to 14% (5/35) in saliva. The most frequently methylated genes in tumors included RARB-10/21, APC- 9/21, TIMP3 and CDKN2B- 7/21, CDKN2A and IGSF4- 5/21 tumor samples. The most frequently methylated genes in saliva samples included TIMP3, ESR1 and IGSF4 (3/5 saliva samples), followed by APC, CDKN2B and DAPK1 (2/3). Two of the 35 tumor and saliva pairs had commonly methylated genes, APC in one pair, and TIMP3, CDKN2B, ESR1 and IGSF4 in the other. There was no association between HPV and methylation. PCR analysis of HPV DNA in salivary rinses allows for detection of HPV and promoter methylation status in HNSCC and is a feasible noninvasive alternative to more invasive procedures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 150.
Abstract 2025: Let-7 family miRNAs regulate estrogen signaling pathways mediated by ER alpha-66 and ER alpha-36 in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC To understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis, a miRNA expression microarray screening was performed using RNAs from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tissues, which included benign (n=13), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=16), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (n=15). Twenty miRNAs that were differentially expressed (p<0.01) were identified, of which let-7 family miRNAs were down-regulated in human breast cancer tissues at stages of DCIS and IDC compared to benign stage. To understand the role of let-7 miRNAs further, we performed bioinformatics analysis and found that let-7 miRNA sequences match sequences in the 3’-UTRs of estrogen receptor alpha 66 (ER-α66) and another novel receptor ER-α36. The targeting of let-7 miRNAs on ER-α66 and ER-α36 was further confirmed by a number of experimental assays, including luciferase assay, protein expression, and mRNA expression. Overexpression of let-7 miRNAs in ER-α66-positive breast cancer MCF7 cell line negatively affected ER-α66 mediated genomic estrogen pathway. As expected, down-regulation of the ER-α66 signaling by let-7 miRNAs inhibited cell proliferation, and subsequently triggered the cell apoptotic process in MCF7 cells. On the other hand, overexpression of let-7 miRNAs in ER-α66-negative cell line MB-MDA-231 negatively affected ER-α36 mediated non-genomic estrogen pathway. Besides, down-regulation of let-7 is correlated with up-regulation of ER-α36 in tamoxifen (Tam) and ICI-182780 (ICI) resistance in MCF7 cell line. Forced overexpression in Tam-and ICI-resistant MCF7 cells dampened ER-α36 expression. In conclusion, our findings not only indicate a new regulatory mechanism of let-7 miRNAs in ER mediated cellular malignant growth of breast cancer, and but also provide potential biomarkers and/or surrogate therapeutic targets useful for early diagnosis and/or therapeutic options for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2025.
Tribute to an ‘obnoxious’ ecocatalytical demotechnician: Jack Vallentyne on population

The late John R. Vallentyne was a limnologist and one of Canada’s most influential scientists in the latter half of the last century. While his work in institution-building and in improving water quality in North American lakes is widely known, his creative, if infrequent, writings on human overpopulation and its environmental consequences are less so. This tribute analyzes these, starting with his concept of demotechnic growth, relating his thoughts to those of David Suzuki and Garrett Hardin, 2 admirers who encouraged him to write his cry-from-the-heart book, Tragedy in Mouse Utopia, which was published shortly before his death. His ideas are related to current population issues such as immigration and the estimation of environmentally sustainable population levels. An attempt is made to explain his relative silence on Canada’s population and immigration policies. He has left some of the heavy-lifting to his colleagues and the next generation.
Inhibition of Experimental Drug Allergy by Prior Feeding of the Sensitizing Agent

SummaryThrough the feeding of certain allergenic compounds to the non-sensitive subject, a state of resistance may be established against subsequent experimental sensitization of the skin by the sa...
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of a Turbulent Jet From a Round Ribbed Tube

Results of numerical and experimental investigations of turbulent jet from a round ribbed tube are presented. The round ribbed tube is a coil-inserted tube. The ratio of the coil wire diameter to the tube inside diameter, d/D, is 0.1 and the ratio of the coil pitch spacing to the tube inside diameter, p/D, is 1.2. The coil is placed inside the tube such that it terminates at the tube outlet. The standard k-e turbulence model along with the control volume method is used in the numerical calculations. The numerical results provided more insights into the flow characteristics in the radial planes. Results show that the coil inserts generates a weak swirl at the tube outlet that dissipates at an approximate distance of X/D = 1 where at this location the generated free vortices off the coil become the main mechanism behind the entrainment and mixing process. Comparisons of the numerical and experimental results show over estimation of the results by the numerical method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Numerical Simulations on Gas-Liquid-Particle Three-Phase Flows Under Microgravity

Three-phase gas-liquid-particle flows under microgravity condition were numerically studied. An Eulerian-Lagrangian computational model was used in the simulations. In this approach, the liquid flow was modeled by a volume-averaged system of governing equations, whereas motions of particles and bubbles were evaluated using the Lagrangian trajectory analysis procedure. It was assumed that bubble shape variations were neglected and the bubbles remained spherical. The bubble-liquid, particle-liquid and bubble-particle interactions were accounted for in the analysis. The discrete phase equations included drag, lift, buoyancy, and virtual mass forces. Particle-particle interactions and bubble-bubble interactions were accounted for by the hard sphere model. Bubble coalescence was also included in the model. The transient flow characteristics of the three-phase flow were studied. The effects of gravity and g-jitter acceleration on variation of flow characteristics were discussed. The low gravity simulations showed that most bubbles are aggregated in the inlet region and the bubble plume exhibits a plug type flow behavior. The particles are mainly located outside the bubble plume, with very few particles being retained in the plume. Compared to the normal gravity condition, the three phases in the column are poorly mixed under microgravity conditions. The velocities of the three phases were also found to be of the same order. The simulation results showed that the effect of g-jitter acceleration on the gas-liquid-particle three phase flows is small.© 2010 ASME
Prostaglandin inhibition of the immunologic release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis in the rat.

SummaryThe prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGE2, effectively inhibit the IgE- and IgGa-mediated release of SRS-A in the rat in a dose-response fashion. Structure-function studies suggest that the carbonyl group in the 9 position, the position of a double bond in the cyclopentane ring, and either the degree of saturation of the cyclopentane ring or the presence of the hydroxl group in the 11 position, or both, are required for optimal inhibitory activity. Indirect evidence did not establish that prostaglandin inhibition of SRS-A release is mediated through an increase in tissue cyclic AMP levels and no synergism between PGE1 and diethylcarbamazine or diso-dium cromoglycate was demonstrable.
Experiment on static adsorption performance of absorbent for carbon dioxide

In order to lower the concentration of carbon dioxide to a normal level in underground projects where people live and work,a kind of lithium hydroxide tablet was developed for carbon dioxide removal.The experiment was carried out to research the effects of temperature and humidity on the absorption rate of this absorbent tablet. Several results were reached as follows:(1)the temperature has stronger effects on the absorption rate as to the relative humidity;(2)the absorption rate in temperature 17℃ is higher than that in temperature 22℃,given the relative humidity 70%;(3) the absorption rate in RH 50% is higher than RH 60% when the temperature is 22℃;(4)the relative humidity has little effects on the absorption rate when the temperature is 27℃;(5)the static absorption rate can reach as high as 89% in 11 hours.The results show that the tablet is suitable for long-term removal of carbon dioxide in underground projects for its powerful absorptive capacity and long-time operation.
Consistent Independent Innovation to Achieve a New Leap in Research and Development of Hybrid Rice

Hybrid rice in China has been developing from three-line hybrid rice to two-line hybrid rice and then to super hybrid rice,in which a number of great sci-tech achievements have been made and played a very important role in ensuring the food security of China and even the world.The author related the major goals proposed by Yuan Long-ping for hybrid rice development of the new era,i.e.,tackling on the breeding target of Phase III super rice,implementing the high-yield project of super hybrid rice and expanding the overseas development of hybrid rice,and put forward the strategic measures of consistent independent innovation to achieve a new leap in research and development of hybrid rice by means of the application of molecular breeding techniques,the research of C_4-type hybrid rice and industrialization and internationalization of hybrid rice.
Blockade of mTOR Signaling Potentiates the Ability of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor to Induce Growth Arrest and Differentiation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells.

This study found that MS-275, a novel synthetic benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), blocked Akt/mTOR signaling in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) HL60 and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) NB4 cells, as assessed by decreased levels of the phosphorylated (p)-Akt, p-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), and p-S6K by Western blot analysis. Interestingly, further inactivation of mTOR by rapamycin analogue RAD001 (everolimus) significantly enhanced MS-275-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis of these cells in parallel with enhanced upregulation of p27 kip1 and downregulation of c-Myc. In addition, RAD001 potentiated the ability of MS-275 to induce differentiation of HL60 and NB4 cells, as measured by expression of CD11b cell surface antigens, as well as reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Importantly, RAD001 potentiated the ability of MS-275 to induce expression of the myeloid differentiation-related transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein e in these cells in association with enhanced acetylation of histone H3 on its promoter. Furthermore, RAD001 (5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the effects of MS-275 (10 mg/kg) to inhibit proliferation of HL60 tumor xenografts in nude mice without adverse effects. Taken together, concomitant administration of a HDACI and a mTOR inhibitor may be a promising treatment strategy for the individuals with a subset of human leukemia.
Dual-Axis Linear Stepper (Sawyer) Motors

Linear stepping motors are an excellent solution for positioning applications requiring rapid acceleration and high-speed moves with low mass payloads. The motors are capable of speeds of up to 100 inch/s and the low mass forcer allows high acceleration. The need for lead screws or belts and pulleys is eliminated, adding to the mechanical simplicity. In addition, fewer moving parts and the frictionless air bearing design result in a longer, maintenance-free life. The length of travel is limited only by the length of the platen; increasing length causes no degradation in performance. The motors are capable of unidirectional repeatability to 2.5 µm without the added expense of feedback devices. More than one forcer can operate on the same platen with overlapping trajectories forming a table-top manufacturing system.
Neurocognition in Mitochondrial Disorders

A mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a specialized cellular subunit found in most living cells. Mitochondria generate most of a cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and supply the cell with energy primarily derived from oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the mitochondria. A mitochondrion has its own DNA and its own transcription and translation processes. The mitochondrial DNA encodes only 13 polypeptides which are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane as subunits of the respiratory chain complexes.
Just a Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Tolerance Go Up.

Survival of deleterious infections depends significantly on how much stress the affected organism can tolerate. In this issue, Weis et al. find that mice can survive sepsis by maintaining normoglycemia through ferritin's capacity to inactivate Fe2+ ions that otherwise induce free radicals impacting gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Distributed Noise-Shaping Quantization: II. Classical Frames

This chapter constitutes the second part in a series of papers on distributed noise-shaping quantization. In the first part, the main concept of distributed noise shaping was introduced and the performance of distributed beta encoding coupled with reconstruction via beta duals was analyzed for random frames (Chou and Gunturk, Constr Approx 44(1):1–22, 2016). In this second part, the performance of the same method is analyzed for several classical examples of deterministic frames. Particular consideration is given to Fourier frames and frames used in analog-to-digital conversion. It is shown in all these examples that entropic rate-distortion performance is achievable.
Hemagglutinins (Colonization Factors?) Produced by Vibrio Cholerae

Although cholera is the prototype of the enterotoxic enteropathies in which the etiologic agents (after passing the gastric barrier) adhere to and colonize the epithelial surface of the small bowel (and there liberate their enterotoxin), relatively little is known about the mechanism(s) of attachment., Suggestive evidence that Vibrio cholerae have fimbriae (pili) was presented in 1968 (21), but this isolated report has not been substantiated by subsequent investigations. Observations in our laboratory (6, 16, 17) provided no support for the participation of surface organelles in adherence; rather, the evidence suggested that adherence was the result of a more direct interaction between the surface coat of the vibrios and the tips of the microvilli of the host intestinal epithelial cells.
Artificial Noise Aided Hybrid Precoding Design for Secure mmWave MISO Systems With Partial Channel Knowledge

In this letter, we propose a hybrid analog–digital precoder design to enhance the physical layer security of millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems with partial channel knowledge. We derive a closed-form expression for the average signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of the eavesdropper (Eve) as a function of the hybrid precoder. Using the average SINRs of Eves, we derive a secrecy rate lower bound. Then, we propose a low-complexity artificial-noise-aided (AN-aided) hybrid precoder design to maximize the secrecy rate lower bound. Numerical results show that the proposed AN-aided hybrid precoder achieves comparable performance to that of the fully digital precoder, with much lower hardware complexity. Moreover, the proposed AN-aided hybrid precoder outperforms the existing hybrid precoder design. Effect of finite-resolution phase shifters on the proposed precoder is also investigated.
The Once and Future Democracy: Argentina at the Bar of Constitutionalism

Endemic and persistent crisis is a new challenge to the constitutional democracies clustered in the northern tier of the North Atlantic World. Crisis and constitutionalism have long been conjoined phenomena, however, in the republics clustered in the southern tier of the North Atlantic World. Latin America is the region par excellence where institutions have been shaped by constitutional showdowns and shocks. One obvious functional response to crisis is to strengthen executive power. The difficult circumstances that gave birth to democracy in Latin America in the 1980s, for example, facilitated the constitutionalization of executive decree powers. The longest period of sustained democracy in Latin America is also the period of greatest executive authority.The fear amongst constitutionalists, of course, is that excessive executive authority undermines democracy. This paper critically examines that claim by historicizing the troubled course of constitutionalism in Argentina. The paper argues that organic constitutional change and adaptation may do a better job of ensuring the long-term health of democracy than do rigid notions of separation of powers. This paper will be published in The Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions (Denis Galligan and Mila Versteeg eds., Cambridge University Press 2013).
Using Ontologies in Mobile Surveyor

Monitoring is not simply the collection and enumeration of data points but the discovery of information and knowledge inherent within a system under study. Mobile Surveyor, a model-based monitoring system, provides a new perspective and approach to software monitoring by incorporating data models throughout the monitoring process. This paper presents the construction and usage of ontology in Mobile Surveyor, attempting to capture the conceptual structure that offers semantic terms to model the system and build a generic application-independent monitoring tool. Ontology enables the information and knowledge in Mobile Surveyor to be accessible, sharable, reusable and transformable to the heterogeneous systems and applications that use Mobile Surveyor. The Ontolingua Server with OKBC is used to provide an environment for ontology development and knowledge base query and manipulation. The performance of Mobile Surveyor and the role ontology play in it are demonstrated by using a mobile application as the case study.
Visceral fat area, not body mass index, predicts postoperative 30-day morbidity in patients undergoing colon resection for cancer

Colectomy for cancer in obese patients is technically challenging and may be associated with worse outcomes. Whether visceral obesity, as measured on computed tomography, is a better predictor of complication than body mass index (BMI) or determines long-term oncologic outcomes has not been well characterized. This study examines the association between derived anthropometrics and postoperative complication and long-term oncologic outcomes. Retrospective review of patients undergoing elective colectomy for cancer at a single tertiary-care center from 2010 to 2016. Adipose tissue distribution measurements, including visceral fat area (VFA), were determined from preoperative imaging. The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative complication; secondary outcomes included overall and disease-free survival. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine association between obesity metrics and outcome. Two hundred and sixty-four patients underwent 266 primary resections of colon cancer. Twenty-eight patients (10.5%) developed major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III). VFA but not BMI was significantly associated with morbidity in multivariate analysis (p = 0.004, odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.25–3.19). No other imaging-derived anthropometric was associated with increased morbidity. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, VFA was predictive of major morbidity (area under curve 0.660). A cutoff value of VFA ≥ 191 cm2 was associated with 50% sensitivity and 76% specificity for predicting major morbidity. Patients with VFA ≥ 191cm2 had 19.4% risk of morbidity, whereas those with < 191 cm2 had 7.2% risk (relative risk ratio 2.69, unadjusted p = 0.004). Neither VFA nor BMI was associated with overall or disease-free survival. VFA but not BMI predicts morbidity following elective surgery for colon cancer.
Visualizing Twitter Data

Twitter® is a massive social networking site tuned towards fast communication. More than 140 million active users publish over 400 million 140-character “Tweets” every day.
Benchmark measurements of cross sections for electron collisions: Analysis of scattered electrons

The need for electron collision cross-section data has substantially increased in recent years. Modelling and interpreting the behavior of a large variety of naturally occurring and human-made plasma systems require the knowledge of cross sections for pertinent electron collision processes. In general, one needs to consider a large variety of collision processes and needs to know the impact energy and angular dependence of the corresponding cross sections. In addition, benchmark data are required to guide development of theoretical models and computational schemes for calculating these cross sections. In spite of these needs, the available database on cross sections is rather limited. The measurement of accurate cross sections is difficult and time consuming, and extensive coverage is an overwhelming task for the experimentalists.
Design of a State Machine for smooth microgrid transition operation

A state machine is proposed in the energy management system (EMS) of a microgrid as the solution for smooth microgrid's transition operation. This state machine includes six “states” that cover all the operating modes during the microgrid's transition operation: two basic modes (grid-connected and islanded) and four temporary modes (preparing for disconnection, transition to islanding, preparing for resynchronization, and transition to grid-connected). Temporary modes are designed to fine-tune the control references for the microgrid assets to avoid harmful transients during microgrid transitions, therefore achieving smooth transition operation. The developed state machine is validated by simulation in MATLAB with a sample microgrid, and the test results show excellent performance of the state machine and smooth microgrid transition operation.
The Role of Actin During Arabidopsis Trichome Morphogenesis

Arabidopsis trichome (leaf hair) development is being used as a genetic system to study actin-dependent growth. Arabidopsis trichomes are unicellular structures that are derived from the epidermis. Trichome development has been established as a powerful model system to study the control of cell fate and pattern formation. Results from several recent papers suggest that a genetic analysis of trichome morphogenesis may yield insight into the role of the cytoskeleton during cellular morphogenesis. In particular, it is found that filamentous actin (F-actin) plays an important role during Arabidopsis trichome development. Specific rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton occur during the development of the mature trichome cell. F-actin-disrupting drugs do not affect the establishment of polarity during trichome development; however, the maintenance and coordination of the normal pattern of cell growth are very sensitive to the same agents. In contrast, inhibitors that depolymerize microtubules severely inhibit cell polarization. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in growing trichomes phenocopies a class of mutations that cause a distorted trichome morphology. An analysis of cell shape and microfilament structure in wild-type, mutant, and drug-treated trichomes is consistent with a role for actin microfilaments in the maintenance and coordination of an established growth pattern during Arabidopsis trichome formation.
Public Health Informatics: The Path Forward

As the health information technology (HIT) environment is being shaped by the converging catalysts of technological improvements and large-scale financial investments in healthcare and technology, global efforts to implement and integrate ever-better health information systems and communications should lead to a more optimal public health infrastructure. Not only is there a clear need for public health informaticists, there is a corresponding need for continued refinement and agreement upon what constitutes effective training in public health informatics. Knowledge domains and competencies for public health informatics have evolved over the past decade; 13 core competency areas are discussed. Education and training opportunities for informatics continue to grow, and encompass avenues including universities, certificate courses and other continuing education, community college offerings, fellowship programs, in-service courses, and internships.
Asymmetric Dibenzothiophene Sulfones as Fluorescent Nuclear Stains

Asymmetric dibenzothiophene S,S-dioxides (DBTOOs) were synthesized and their photophysical properties examined. Through examination, the molecules fluoresced at wavelengths between 371 and 492 nm with quantum yields of fluorescence nearing 0.59. Three of the sulfonic acid sodium salt analogues were chosen to be introduced to HeLa cells, resulting in illumination of the nucleus by fluorescent microscopy. These compounds function as nuclear stains while also affording the ability to predict the localization of the corresponding sulfoxide precursor to ground-state atomic oxygen.