cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perioperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for benign or malignant disease

Background and objectives Etiologies, levels, and associated factors of psychological distress in cancer patients facing surgery are poorly defined. We conducted a prospective comparative study of perioperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for either malignant or benign disease. Methods With Institutional Review Board approval, patients consenting for surgery at our institution were enrolled. Surveys were completed at a preoperative visit and within 2 weeks of a postoperative appointment. Participants listed their top three sources of anxiety, and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the General Anxiety Disorder-7. Results A total of 79 patients completed the preoperative assessment and 44 (58.7%) finished the postoperative survey. Forty-one were male (51.9%), 12 (15.2%) had a psychiatric comorbidity (PSYHx), and 47 (59.5%) had cancer. Perioperative anxiety and depression did not differ by malignancy status. Patients were most concerned about surgery (22.5%) preoperatively and finances (27.9%) postoperatively. PSYHx, frailty, insurance status, and opioid use were all associated with perioperative psychological distress. Conclusions Cancer patients did not have significantly higher levels of perioperative psychological distress compared with benign controls. Socioeconomic worries are prevalent throughout the perioperative period, and efforts to alleviate distress should focus on providing adequate counseling.
Development of a Biomedical Program of Research in the Blackfeet Community: Challenges and Rewards.

American Indian (AI) communities have high levels of stress and trauma and are disproportionately affected by numerous preventable diseases. Here, we describe an academic-community partnership based on a collaboration between Blackfeet Community College students and faculty in Psychology and Immunology at Montana State University (MSU). The collaboration, which has spanned over 5 years, was sparked by community interest in the relationship between stress and disease on the Blackfeet reservation. Specifically, community members wanted to understand how the experience of psychological stress and trauma may affect disease risk in their community and identify factors that promote resilience. In doing so, they hoped to identify pathways through which health could be improved for individual community members. Here, we discuss all stages of the collaborative process, including development of measures and methods and themes of research projects, challenges for community members and non-indigenous collaborators, future directions for research, and the lessons learned. Finally, we note the ways in which this partnership and experience has advanced the science of community engagement in tribal communities, with the hope that our experiences will positively affect future collaborations between indigenous community members and non-indigenous scientists.
Determination of a Function from Its Integrals over Spheres of a Fixed Radius

The problem to be discussed in this chapter consists in solving a special equation of the form $$Tf = g,$$ (6.1) where T is a linear operator converting functions f (x) = f (x 1, ..., x n ) into functions g(x), and where T is invariant under translations. This invariance of T means that, if T associates with a function f (x) the function g(x), then it maps f (x + z) on g (x + z) for any z.
Introducing Supergrids, Superblocks, Areas, Networks, and Levels to Urban Morphological Analyses

Urban morphological analyses have identified the parcel (plot), the building type, or the plan unit (tessuto in Italian) as the basic elements of urban form. As cities have grown in geographic size disproportionately to their growth in population over the past seven decades, new elements have been introduced that structure their form. This essay describes these new elements and proposes that they be formally recognized in urban morphology. It introduces a conceptual framework for a multilevel structure of urban space using areas and networks and including supergrids and superblocks to guide morphological analyses.
On the Social Construction of Legal Grievances: Evidence From Colombia and South Africa:

Leveraging comparisons within and across cases, this article investigates legal mobilization for social rights in Colombia and South Africa. This kind of rights contestation represents a new phenom...
MySnapFoodLog: Culturally Sensitive Food Photo-Logging App for Dietary Biculturalism Studies

It is believed that immigrants to the U.S. have increased rates of chronic diseases due to their adoption of the Western diet. There is a need to better understand the dietary intake of these immigrants. Tracking food consumption can be easily done by using a food app, but there is currently no culturally-appropriate food tracking app that is relatively easy for participants and the research community to use. The MySnapFoodLog app was developed using the cross-platform Flutter framework to track users’ food consumption with the goal of using AI to recognize Filipino foods and determine if a meal is healthy or unhealthy. A pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of the app alpha release and the need for further data collection and training to improve the Filipino food recognition system.
The association of maternal psychosocial stress with newborn telomere length.

Author(s): Izano, Monika A; Cushing, Lara J; Lin, Jue; Eick, Stephanie M; Goin, Dana E; Epel, Elissa; Woodruff, Tracey J; Morello-Frosch, Rachel | Abstract: BackgroundTelomere length in early life predicts later length, and shortened telomere length among adults and children has been linked to increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. Maternal stress during pregnancy may impact telomere length of the newborn.MethodsIn a diverse cohort of 355 pregnant women receiving prenatal and delivery care services at two hospitals in San Francisco, California, we investigated the relationship between self-reported maternal psychosocial stressors during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and telomere length (T/S ratio) in newborn umbilical cord blood leukocytes. We examined financial strain, food insecurity, high job strain, poor neighborhood quality, low standing in one's community, experience of stressful/traumatic life events, caregiving for a dependent family member, perceived stress, and unplanned pregnancy. We used linear regression and Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimation (TMLE) to evaluate the change in the T/S ratio associated with exposure to each stressor controlling for maternal age, education, parity, race/ethnicity, and delivery hospital.ResultsIn TMLE analyses, low community standing (-0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]-0.19 to 0.00) and perceived stress (-0.07; 95% CI -0.15 to 0.021 was marginally associated with shorter newborn telomere length, but the associations were not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. All linear regression estimates were not statistically significant. Our results also suggest that the association between some maternal stressors and newborn telomere length varies by race/ethnicity and infant sex.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine the joint effect of multiple stressors during pregnancy on newborn TL using a flexible modeling approach.
Far from the Classroom, the Cafeteria, and the Playing Field: Why Should the School's Disciplinary Arm Reach Speech Made in a Student's Bedroom?

This article addresses the special considerations that justify a public school's regulation of student speech on campus, but argues that schools should not discipline students for off-campus internet speech because such an extension of the school's regulatory arm violates first amendment rights. The article focuses particularly on the Third Circuit's en banc opinions as a backdrop for the discussion.
Perioperative Hepatic Evaluation

SUMMARY Hepatic dysfunction can cause a wide variety of alterations in physiologic homeostasis. The interaction of liver disease with perioperative surgical and anesthetic management must be considered by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in this growing patient population.
The effect of a transducer's spatial averaging on an elastodynamic guided wave's wavenumber spectrum.

Abstract Elastodynamic guided waves propagate in an elastic solid which makes it difficult, if not impractical, to place a receiving transducer in the direct path of the propagating wave (as one would for an acoustic wave in a fluid medium). To account for this, receiving transducers are often placed on the surface of the solid waveguide such that the transducer surface is parallel to the wave propagation direction. This transducer orientation introduces spatial averaging, which causes the received signal to have an altered signal amplitude and mode bias. We investigate both of these effects and present a simple model from which we derive a scaling-ratio expression that describes the effects of spatial averaging. We then test its performance using finite-element simulations that incorporate “real-world” assumptions (e.g., transient waves, piezoelectric effects, etc.). The results from the simulations demonstrate that the scaling-ratio can characterize the effects resulting from spatial averaging. The scaling-ratio expression will be particularly useful when designing experiments involving high frequency (small wavelength) guided waves. Lastly, the proposed scaling-ratio expression could be applied to other sensing methods, like Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) or piezoelectric waveguides with inter-digitated transducers, because of its generality. However, the authors are careful to note that the scaling-ratio expression is not intended as a replacement of multi-physics analysis or good experimental design, and the effects of spatial averaging should be avoided whenever possible.
Driving electrochemical corrosion of implanted CoCrMo metal via oscillatory electric fields without mechanical wear.

Decades of research have been dedicated to understanding the corrosion mechanisms of metal based implanted prosthetics utilized in modern surgical procedures. Focused primarily on mechanically driven wear, current fretting and crevice corrosion investigations have yet to precisely replicate the complex chemical composition of corrosion products recovered from patients' periprosthetic tissue. This work specifically targets the creation of corrosion products at the metal on metal junction utilized in modular hip prosthetics. Moreover, this manuscript serves as an initial investigation into the potential interaction between implanted CoCrMo metal alloy and low amplitude electrical oscillation, similar in magnitude to those which may develop from ambient electromagnetic radiation. It is believed that introduction of such an electrical oscillation may be able to initiate electrochemical reactions between the metal and surrounding fluid, forming the precursor to secondary wear particles, without mechanically eroding the metal's natural passivation layer. Here, we show that a low magnitude electrical oscillation (≤ 200 mV) in the megahertz frequency (106 Hz) range is capable of initiating corrosion on implanted CoCrMo without the addition of mechanical wear. Specifically, a 50 MHz, 200 mVpp sine wave generates corrosion products comprising of Cr, P, Ca, O, and C, which is consistent with previous literature on the analysis of failed hip prosthetics. These findings demonstrate that mechanical wear may not be required to initiate the production of chemically complex corrosion products.
A local circuit integration approach to understanding visual cortical receptive fields

The traditional concept of the receptive field (e.g., [4, 6]) holds that each portion of the receptive field (RF), in response to a stimulus element, has unitary (excitatory or inhibitory) influence on neuronal response. Here, we argue: i) receptive field components naturally have dual or vector (both excitatory and inhibitory) influence; ii) neuronal integration is better understood in terms of local cortical circuitry than single neurons. Using a large-scale model of primary visual cortex, we demonstrate that the net effect of a given stimulus element within either the classical or extraclassical RF can switch between excitatory and inhibitory as global stimulus conditions change. We analyze and explain these effects by constructing self-contained modules (via a novel technique) which capture local circuit interactions. These modules illustrate a new vector-based RF analysis which unifies notions of classical and extraclassical RF, treating long-range intracortical inputs on equal footing with thalamocortical inputs.
Organised crime menaces legitimate business and might lead to corruption

Purpose – It is not enough that international organisations take initiatives in the fight against organised crime. The nation states also have to adapt their domestic legal systems. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the implications for Switzerland in this context.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes some of the Swiss preventive measures against corruption and briefly explains the Swiss legal provisions dealing with corruption. The prosecution and sanctioning of corruption is then outlined. The conclusion summarises the main facts and features.Findings – The attitude towards corruption has significantly changed over the last decade. Switzerland has adapted its legal provisions to this “new” attitude and chosen an approach that serves to protect itself against becoming a launderette for the proceeds of bribery. The main changes include efforts to raise awareness about corruption, the revision of the existing and introduction of new legal provisions applicable to corruption, the attribut...
Drs. Ivey and Kattwinkel Reply

In reply to Drs. Grossman and Safir, we offer the following comments. The purpose of our original communication was not to debate the advisability of suppressing cough (by itself a highly controversial area), but rather to point out the “potentially dangerous recommendations concerning the dosage of Actifed-C.” Nelson9s Textbook of Pediatrics recommends a codeine dosage range of 1 to 1.5 mg/kg/24 hr (not “per dose”). It seems clear that the recommended dose for cough in
Can we predict the size of frequently used autografts in ACL reconstruction

This study presents a method to measure the size of quadriceps, patellar tendon and hamstring autografts using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixty-two subjects with a mean age of 25 ± 10 years who underwent ACL surgery between 2011 and 2014 were included. Patient anthropometric data were recorded for all subjects. During surgery, the respective autograft was harvested and measured using commercially available graft sizers. MRI measurements were performed by two raters, who were blinded to the intra-operative measurements. The inter- and intra-rater reliability was ≥0.8 for all MRI measurements. The intra-class correlation coefficient between the MRI measurement of the graft and the actual size of the harvested graft was 0.639. There were significant correlations between quadriceps tendon thickness and height (r = 0.3, p < 0.03), weight (r = 0.3, p < 0.01), BMI (r = 0.3, p < 0.04) and gender (r = −0.4, p < 0.002) and patellar tendon thickness and height (r = 0.4, p < 0.01), weight (r = 0.3, p < 0.01) and gender (r = −0.4, p < 0.012). Preoperative MRI measurements of quadriceps, patellar tendon and hamstring graft size are highly reliable with moderate-to-good accuracy. Significant correlations between patient anthropometric data and the thicknesses of the quadriceps and patellar tendons were observed. Obtaining this information can be useful for preoperative planning and to help counsel patients on appropriate graft choices prior to surgery. III.
Approximating All-to-All Broadcast in Wireless Networks

All-to-all broadcast is a communication pattern in which every node initiates a broadcast request. In this paper we investigate the problem of building a unique cast tree, that is unoriented (unrooted) tree and has minimal total power – minimal unique cast (MUC) tree – to be used for all-to-all broadcast. We propose a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for MUC problem. The power level of a node is selected to ensure bidirectional communication with its siblings, thus broadcast and convergecast can be performed in the tree starting at any node.
Catalog of Apollo 17 rocks. Volume 1: Stations 2 and 3 (South Massif)

The Catalog of Apollo 17 Rocks is a set of volumes that characterize each of 334 individually numbered rock samples (79 larger than 100 g) in the Apollo 17 collection, showing what each sample is and what is known about it. Unconsolidated regolith samples are not included. The catalog is intended to be used by both researchers requiring sample allocations and a broad audience interested in Apollo 17 rocks. The volumes are arranged geographically, with separate volumes for the South Massif and Light Mantle, the North Massif, and two volumes for the mare plains. Within each volume, the samples are arranged in numerical order, closely corresponding with the sample collection stations. The present volume, for the South Massif and Light Mantle, describes the 55 individual rock fragments collected at Stations two, two-A, three, and LRV-five. Some were chipped from boulders, others collected as individual rocks, some by raking, and a few by picking from the soil in the processing laboratory. Information on sample collection, petrography, chemistry, stable and radiogenic isotopes, rock surface characteristics, physical properties, and curatorial processing is summarized and referenced as far as it is known up to early 1992. The intention has been to be comprehensive: to include all published studies of any kind that provide information on the sample, as well as some unpublished information. References which are primarily bulk interpretations of existing data or mere lists of samples are not generally included. Foreign language journals were not scrutinized, but little data appears to have been published only in such journals. We have attempted to be consistent in format across all of the volumes, and have used a common reference list that appears in all volumes. Where possible, ages based on Sr and Ar isotopes have been recalculated using the 'new' decay constants recommended by Steiger and Jager; however, in many of the reproduced diagrams the ages correspond with the 'old' decay constants. In this volume, mg' or Mg' = atomic Mg/(Mg +Fe).
Nonpolar InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well core-shell nanowire lasers

Lasing is demonstrated from nonpolar III-nitride core-shell multi-quantum-well nanowires. The nanowire lasers were fabricated by coupling a top-down and bottom-up methodology and achieved lasing at wavelengths below the GaN bandedge.
Reconstructability Analysis of Epistasis

Summary The literature on epistasis describes various methods to detect epistatic interactions and to classify different types of epistasis. Reconstructability analysis (RA) has recently been used to detect epistasis in genomic data. This paper shows that RA offers a classification of types of epistasis at three levels of resolution (variable-based models without loops, variable-based models with loops, state-based models). These types can be defined by the simplest RA structures that model the data without information loss; a more detailed classification can be defined by the information content of multiple candidate structures. The RA classification can be augmented with structures from related graphical modeling approaches. RA can analyze epistatic interactions involving an arbitrary number of genes or SNPs and constitutes a flexible and effective methodology for genomic analysis.
Steady state phreatic surfaces in sloping aquifers

[1] Steady state groundwater flow driven by constant recharge in an unconfined aquifer overlying sloping bedrock is shown to be represented, using the Dupuit approximation, by an ordinary differential equation of the Abel type y(x) · y′(x) + a · y(x) + x = 0, whose analytical solution is derived in this work. This article first investigates the case of zero saturated thickness at the upstream boundary, a flow system reminiscent of perched groundwater created by percolation of precipitation or irrigation in a sloping aquifer fully draining at its downstream boundary. A variant of this flow system occurs when the phreatic surface mounds and produces groundwater discharge toward the upstream boundary. This variant is a generalization of the classical groundwater flow problem involving two lakes connected by an aquifer, the latter being on sloping terrain in this instance. Analytical solutions for the phreatic surface's steady state geometry are derived for the case of monotonically declining hydraulic head as well as for the case of a mounded phreatic surface. These solutions are of practical interest in drainage studies, slope stability, and runoff formation investigations. It is shown that the flow factor a = − tan β (where K, N, and tan β are the hydraulic conductivity, vertical recharge, and aquifer slope, respectively) has a commanding role on the phreatic surface's solutions. Two computational examples illustrate the implementation of this article's results.
Molecular and Serological Diagnosis of Bartonella Infection in 61 Dogs from the United States

Molecular diagnosis of canine bartonellosis can be extremely challenging and often requires the use of an enrichment culture approach followed by PCR amplification of bacterial DNA. HYPOTHESES: (1) The use of enrichment culture with PCR will increase molecular detection of bacteremia and will expand the diversity of Bartonella species detected. (2) Serological testing for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii does not correlate with documentation of bacteremia. ANIMALS: Between 2003 and 2009, 924 samples from 663 dogs were submitted to the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vector Borne Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic testing with the Bartonella α-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) platform. Test results and medical records of those dogs were retrospectively reviewed. METHODS: PCR amplification of Bartonella sp. DNA after extraction from patient samples was compared with PCR after BAPGM enrichment culture. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays, used to detect B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii antibodies, were compared with PCR. RESULTS: Sixty-one of 663 dogs were culture positive or had Bartonella DNA detected by PCR, including B. henselae (30/61), B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (17/61), Bartonella koehlerae (7/61), Bartonella volans-like (2/61), and Bartonella bovis (2/61). Coinfection with more than 1 Bartonella sp. was documented in 9/61 dogs. BAPGM culture was required for PCR detection in 32/61 cases. Only 7/19 and 4/10 infected dogs tested by IFA were B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroreactive, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dogs were most often infected with B. henselae or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii based on PCR and enrichment culture, coinfection was documented, and various Bartonella species were identified. Most infected dogs did not have detectable Bartonella antibodies.
Correlation of wettability and interfacial reaction to the densification and dielectric properties of fluxed-BaTiO/sub 3/

Reducing the sintering temperature of BaTiO/sub 3/ has typically been achieved through the use of a fluxing agent to promote densification by liquid phase sintering. Liquid phase formation in these systems is due either to the melting of the flux or to the formation of a eutectic liquid between the flux and BaTiO/sub 3/. In this paper, the correlation between the wettability and interfacial reactions between fluxes and BaTiO/sub 3/ with respect to the densification behavior associated with liquid phase sintering, and the resulting dielectric properties is presented. Fluxes used in this study include 5ZnO/spl middot/2B/sub 2/O/sub 3/, 5CdO/spl middot/2SiO/sub 2/, Pb/sub 5/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 11/, CuO/spl middot/TiO/sub 2/, 3Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3//spl middot/B/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and LiF.
The effects of processing parameters on the tensile properties of weld lines in injection molded thermoplastics

Weld or knit lines result wherever two or more polymer flow fronts unite. This results in a region of a different level of molecular entanglements than the bulk material. Consequently, weld regions have been observed to have inferior mechanical properties compared to the bulk. Although this phenomenon occurs in almost all the commercially important polymer processes, there has been little systematic investigation. The effects of melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed and injection pressure on the tensile properties of commercial grades of polystyrene (GPS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and polypropylene (PP) are examined. The most important processing parameters seemed to be melt and mold temperature; injection speed and pressure had little effect on the tensile properties of any of the samples. A higher melt temperature increased both the strain and stress at break considerably in GPS. In HIPS increased melt temperature increased only the elongation to break substantially. Increased mold temperature improved the stress and elongation to break in GPS but not as much as melt temperature. Polypropylene showed improved weld yield strength with increased mold temperature. Under the conditions examined, injection pressure and injection speed showed no effect on the tensile properties of any of the materials investigated.
Steric mass-action ion exchange: Displacement profiles and induced salt gradients

The study of nonlinear competitive equilibrium is of fundamental importance in understanding the behavior of proteins in preparative ion-exchange chromatographic separations. In this work we present a steric mass-action (SMA) ion-exchange equilibrium formalism, which explicitly accounts for the steric hindrance of salt counterions upon protein binding in multicomponent equilibria. An analytical solution has been derived for the calculation of isotachic effluent profiles of displaced proteins and induced salt gradients under ideal chromatographic conditions. A stability analysis has been employed to establish the order of the feed components in the displacement train. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results for the separation of proteins by cation-exchange displacement chromatography. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the SMA formalism in predicting complex behavior present in ion-exchange displacement systems. Furthermore, the analytical solution of ideal isotachic displacement profiles with the SMA formalism enables rapid methods development and optimization of ion-exchange displacement separations.
TOWARD COMPUTATION OF EXACT HORIZONTAL PROTECTION LIMITS FOR SATELLITE- BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

The horizontal protection limit (HPL) with exact level 1 - α is defined to be the value that bounds, from above, the radial horizontal error in satellite-based positioning with probability equal to 1 - α. Standards developed by RTCA, Inc. define a conservative HPL for en route through nonprecision approach modes of navigation for a minimally capable augmented GPS receiver as a number that overbounds radial horizontal error with probability of at least 1 - 5 × 10 -9 . This paper examines various representations of the distribution of squared radial horizontal error and the computation of HPL at exact levels under the usual assumptions on satellite pseudorange errors. HPL at the exact level 1 - 5 × 10 -9 is compared with the conservative HPL recommended by RTCA, Inc. Finally, a formula for computing HPL at the exact level 1 - 5 × 10 -9 , suitable for real-time implementation, is developed.
Value of Fresh Forage and Concentrates to Dairy Cows Fed Stored Forages

Abstract Forty-eight lactating Jersey cows were used in each of 2 yr to evaluate three forage systems: corn silage and alfalfa hay fed in dry lot; corn silage and approximately 5h of pasture daily; and green chop, alfalfa hay, and 5h of pasture daily. Two rates of concentrate feeding were used. One-half of the cows on each forage system were fed concentrates at 1kg of concentrate to 3kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, and the other one-half were fed concentrates at 1:6. Daily milk and 4% fat-corrected milk production were higher on the two pasture systems than on corn silage and alfalfa hay fed in dry lot. Body weight gains were higher for cows on forage-dry lot system than on pasture systems. Differences in milk production between pasture systems were not significant. Neither differences in production due to rates of concentrate feeding nor interactions of forage system×rate of concentrate feeding were significant.
Messenger RNA accumulation in Escherichia coli during chloramphenicol treatment

Abstract 1. Ribosomal protein synthesis was examined in Escherichia coli during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment in the presence of an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, rifampicin. These studies revealed that the preferential synthesis of four ribosomal proteins which occurs during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment is not dependent upon continued RNA synthesis. These observations suggest that extensive accumulation of mRNA's for these ribosomal proteins takes place during chloramphenicol treatment.
Lower bounds on the dimension of the space of matrices transposed by a similarity transformation

Let B be a realn–by–n, invertible matrix. Sharp lower bounds are determined for the dimension of the space {A: A1 = BAB−1 } of real matrices A which are similar under B to their transposes A′ . In particular, it is shown that this dimension is at least the greatest integer in (n + l)/2.
121 INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SMALL CHILDREN: INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR) VERSUS CONTROLS

121 INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SMALL CHILDREN: INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR) VERSUS CONTROLS
Effects of Lumbar Resistance and Stabilization Complex Exercises on Extremity Muscle Strength and Endurance of Normal Adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lumbar resistance and stabilization complex exercises on upper/lower extremity muscle strength and endurance of the general adult population. [Subjects] Fourteen male adults in their 20s participated. Seven persons each were randomly assigned to a resistance exercise group (REG) or a resistance and stabilization exercise group (RSEG). Exercise programs were implemented three times a week for 50 minutes for eight weeks. [Methods] The Biodex System 3 Pro was used to measure the upper/lower extremity muscle strength and endurance of the REG and RSEG prior to the intervention and at four and eight weeks following the commencement of the intervention. The results were then compared and analyzed. [Results] With regards to changes in upper/lower extremity muscle strength and endurance, both groups showed significant increases during the experimental period. The two groups also exhibited differences in muscle strength during upper/lower extremity flexion and differences in muscle endurance during upper extremity extension and lower extremity flexion. [Conclusion] Lumbar resistance and stabilization complex exercises positively affected both upper and lower extremity muscle strength and endurance. In particular, the RSEG showed larger effects than the REG. Therefore, the resistance and stabilization complex training exercises appear to be more effective for rehabilitation of the upper/lower extremities.
Entanglement sharing in the Tavis-Cummings model

Individual members of an ensemble of identical systems coupled to a common probe can become entangled with one another, even when they do not interact directly. We investigate how this type of multipartite entanglement is generated in the context of a system consisting of an ensemble of N two-level atoms resonantly coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field. In the case where N =2, the dynamical evolution is studied in terms of the entanglements in the different bipartite divisions of the system, as quantified by the I-tangle. We also propose a generalization of the so-called residual tangle that quantifies the inherent three-body correlations in this tripartite system. This allows us to give a complete characterization of the phenomenon of entanglement sharing in the case of the two-atom Tavis-Cummings model. We also introduce an entanglement monotone which constitutes a lower bound on the I-tangle of an arbitrary bipartite system. This measure is seen to be useful in quantifying the entanglement in various bipartite partitions of the TCM in the case where N > 2, i.e ., when there is no known analytic form for the I-tangle.
An indeterminate constructor for applicative programming

This paper proposes the encapsulization and control of contending parallel processes within data structures. The advantage of embedding the contention within data is that the contention, itself, thereby becomes an object which can be handled by the program at a level above the actions of the processes themselves. This means that an indeterminate behavior, never precisely specified by the programmer or by the input, may be shared in the same way that an argument to a function is shared by every use of the corresponding parameter, an ability which is of particular importance to applicative-style programming.
Flexible security configuration for virtual machines

Virtual machines are widely accepted as a promising basis for building secure systems. However, while virtual machines offer effective mechanisms to create isolated environments, mechanisms that offer controlled interaction among VMs are immature. Some VM systems include flexible policy models and some enable MLS enforcement, but the flexible use of policy to control VM interactions has not been developed. In this paper, we propose an architecture that enables administrators to configure virtual machines to satisfy prescribed security goals. We describe the design and implementation of such an architecture using SELinux, Xen and IPsec as the tools to express and enforce policies at the OS, VM and Network layers, respectively. We develop a web application using our architecture and show that we can configure application VMs in such a way that we can verify the enforcement of the security goals of those applications.
Mass spectrometry of allyloxy di‐ and trimethylsilanes

The mass spectra of allyloxydimethylsilanes and allyloxytrimethylsilanes were examined. Isotopic labelling and metastable peaks support the proposed fragmentation patterns. Siliconium ions dominate the spectra. Loss of neutral fragments from [M—15]+ and [M—1]+ ions is important. These fragmentation patterns are discussed in terms of interaction of siliconium ions with the carbon-carbon double bond of the allyloxy ligand. Increased substitution on the allyloxy ligand apparently decreases the interaction of siliconium ions with the carboncarbon double bond.
Erythrocyte spectrin peak II phosphorylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive crippling disease of young boys that is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of erythrocyte studies in exploring membrane abnormalities in inherited muscular dystrophy. Erythrocyte spectrin peak II protein (m.w. ⋍ 220,000) was more highly phosphorylated under initial rate conditions in DMD than in controls. The extent of peak II phosphorylation was greater in DMD erythrocytes and a Na+ stimulated peak II phosphorylation effect (Avruch and Fairbanks 1974) was not found to account for the differences between DMD and controls. The phosphorylated state of spectrin proteins in the membrane was evaluated and no differences in DMD could be measured. The maximal transfer of phosphate from [γ-32P]ATP to spectrin peak II accounts for approximately 5–10% of the total phosphate content of spectrin.
Justification of Heaviside methods

THE METHODS of Heaviside for solving differential equations commonly arising in problems of engineering and physics, are of great value and are very widely used. However, Heaviside did not fully justify his methods, saying that “reservations should be learned by experience.” Mathematicians, therefore, have generally preferred to approach the same goals by use of the Laplace transformation. However, the recent work of the French mathematician, Laurent Schwartz, provides justification of Heaviside's methods, and opens the way to their wider use.
Synthesis of 13C, 15N-enriched α-dicarbonyl model adducts to determine the utility of 13c and 15N NMR for studying mechanism-based inactivation of cytochromes P-450 by substituted dichloroacetamides

To determine the feasibility of using NMR to study the inactivation of cytochromes P-450 by dichloroacetamide-containing mechanism-based inactivators, 13C, 15N-enriched compounds were synthesized, modeling adducts between the nucleophilic side-chains of cysteine, lysine, serine (threonine) and tyrosine and the α-aminooxoacyl chloride that presumably results from enzymatic conversion of a dichloroacetamide-containing inhibitor. 13C chemical shifts of the carbonyls attached to the nucleophiles easily distinguish the model cysteine adduct (δ 192.3) from the other adducts (δ 159.6–161.8). Although the other adducts cannot be distinguished at this carbon, the carbonyl attached to the 15N two bonds away can distinguish the lysine mimic (δ 161.2 or 161.3) from the serine (threonine) and tyrosine mimics (δ 156.1–158.1). These assignments were made by comparing 15N/13C J values and were confirmed by solid-state rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) studies. Finally, aminooxo-15N chemical shifts three bonds removed from the nucleophile can distinguish adducts formed to lysine (δ 108.3), cysteine (δ 104.8) and oxygen-containing side-chains (δ 112.8–113.9).
Jump-diffusion processes for the automated understanding of FLIR scenes

We take a pattern theoretic approach to recognizing and tracking ground-based targets in sequences of forward-looking infrared images acquired from an airborne platform. A rich set of transformations on objects represented by 3D faceted models are formulated to accommodate the variability found in FLIR imagery. An hypothesized scene, simulated from the emissive characteristics of the hypothesized scene elements, is compared with the collected data by a likelihood function based on sensor statistics. This likelihood is combined with a prior distribution defined over the set of possible scenes to form a posterior distribution. A jump-diffusion process empirically generates the posterior distribution. The jumps accommodate the discrete aspects of the estimation problem, such as adding and removing hypothesized targets and changing target types. Between jumps, a diffusion process refines the hypothesis by following the gradient of the posterior. Since the likelihood function may include likelihoods from other sensors and may be defined over past and current times, interframe processing and sensor fusion are natural consequences of the pattern theoretic approach.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Enhancement of hybrid tandem photovoltaic thermoelectric devices by fishnet through metamaterials and nanoporous TE materials

Embedment of a fishnet meta-structure for the hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) system and, synthesis/characterization of printable nanoporous thermoelectric (TE) ink are proposed. A planar fishnet structure is embedded in the back passivation layer of the solar cell to enhance solar thermal absorption, and it was observed to improve the efficiency by around 11 folds in the PV-TE hybrid system with fishnet. Nanoporous Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 was used to prepare thermoelectric inks to print p-n junctions. Development of fishnet, synthesis/ characterization of TE ink, binder and conductive ink are elucidated in this paper.
Three-dimensional acoustic waves in the ear canal and their interaction with the tympanic membrane.

The long and slender geometry of the ear canal supports an infinite number of cross‐sectional acoustic modes. The lower mode(s) travel along the length of the ear canal, while the higher modes are trapped near the ends of the canal. Many of these waves are introduced as a result of the complex vibrational shape of the eardrum. A three‐dimensional mathematical model of the ear canal is formulated that includes this acoustic interaction. The coupled system is solved using matched asymptotic expansions that take advantage of the small slenderness ratio. This solution in the ear canal is in the form of a series of modes, the first being the plane‐wave solution. As an illustrative example, the analysis is applied to a geometry that partially represents the ear canal and eardrum of a cat. The results indicate that the plane‐wave solution is supplemented by multidimensional trapped modes at low frequencies and by a limited number of traveling waves at high frequencies. The magnitude of these higher modes generally increases with frequency and can significantly influence the acoustic coupling of the ear.
821 INHERITED DEFICIENCY OF ETF DEHYDROGENASE (DH) IS A CAUSE OF GLUTARIC ACIDEMIA TYPE II (GA2) AND ETHYLMALONIC-ADIPIC ACIDEMIA (EMA)

821 INHERITED DEFICIENCY OF ETF DEHYDROGENASE (DH) IS A CAUSE OF GLUTARIC ACIDEMIA TYPE II (GA2) AND ETHYLMALONIC-ADIPIC ACIDEMIA (EMA)
Barrier to Rotation in Thioformamide: Implications for Amide Resonance

We investigate the energetics of rotation about the C−N bond in thioformamide at the molecular and atomic levels using the HF/6-311++G**//HF/6-311++G** level of theory. The barrier to rotation is 19.9 kcal mol-1 and is dominated by the increase in the C−N distance and the consequent loss in attractive energies between carbon and nitrogen. The origin of the barrier to rotation is shown to be the same as that found in formamide. There is a large transfer of charge from nitrogen to carbon as the system moves away from planarity, but, unlike the essentially unchanged oxygen in formamide, sulfur also transfers charge to carbon upon rotation. It is the preference of the amide nitrogen for planarity, making it more electronegative and better able to stabilized itself by withdrawing charge from its bonded neighbors, that dictates the barrier to rotation about the C−N bond. The Fermi hole is used to quantitatively demonstrate that there is little delocalization of the π charge density from nitrogen to sulfur. The ...
Fusobacterium nucleatum infection mimicking metastatic cancer

A 48-year-old man presented with fevers, chills, weight loss, multiple liver masses, and several superficial and deep venous thromboses in lower extremities. Cancer work up was negative. A liver biopsy grew Fusobacterium nucleatum. To our knowledge, F. nucleatum infection presenting with multiple liver masses and Trousseau-like syndrome has not been reported earlier.
Biology of the mast cell and its role in cutaneous inflammation.

The mast cell contains a variety of chemical mediators which are thought to participate in the inflammatory response. The position of this cell at the mucosal and cutaneous surfaces and about venules places the mast cell in an ideal location for function in inflammation and host defense.This review will consider the biology of the tissue mast cell so that its function may be discussed in the chapters on urticaria and bullous diseases.
Jacquet Modules of Parabolically Induced Representations and Weyl Groups

The representation parabolically induced from an irreducible supercuspidal representation is considered. Irreducible components of Jacquet modules with respect to induction in stages are given. The results are used for consideration of generalized Steinberg representations.
A scheme for realizing a distant two-qubit controlled- U gate with nearest qubit-qubit interaction

Abstract We propose a new scheme for realizing a distant two-qubit controlled-U gate with nearest qubit–qubit interaction. The present scheme does not need measurement. Furthermore, it is noted that the two-qubit CNOT gates required by the scheme are greatly reduced when compared with the conventional method based on SWAP operations. The scheme is useful in quantum computing with solid-state systems where only interaction between nearest systems is available.
Ramsey linear families and generalized subdivided graphs

The following results are obtained. (i) Let p, d, and k be fixed positive integers, and let G be a graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into parts V1, V2,?, Va such that for each i at most d vertices in V1 ? ? ? Vi have neighbors in Vi+1 and r(Kk, ?Vi?) ? p | V(G) |, where ?Vi? denotes the subgraph of G induced by Vi. Then there exists a number c depending only on p, d, and k such that r(Kk, G)?c | V(G) |. (ii) Let d be a positive integer and let G be a graph in which there is an independent set I ? V(G) such that each component of G?I has at most d vertices and at most two neighbors in I. Then r(G,G)?c | V(G) |, where c is a number depending only on d. As a special case, r(G, G) ? 6 | V(G) | for a graph G in which all vertices of degree at least three are independent. The constant 6 cannot be replaced by one less than 4.
Pathogenicity ofbar-TransformedColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.aeschynomene

Abstract Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.aeschynomenewas transformed with a gene (bar) for resistance to bialaphos (a natural herbicide) and evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence. AC.g.aeschynomenetransformant (48-5b) containing thebargene was stable and resistant to bialaphos up to a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Plants were stem-inoculated for pathogenicity tests and foliar-sprayed for virulence tests with the wild-type or the 48-5b isolate at rates of 0 to 2.5 × 1010spores/m2with bialaphos at 0 and 0.56 kg a.i./ha. The host range ofC.g.aeschynomenewas not altered by the transformation. Disease severity on northern jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) was similar for treatments with the wild-type and transformant isolates without bialaphos, with 90% or greater disease severity occurring at 2.5 × 107spores/m2. There was no significant difference in disease severity on northern jointvetch between treatments of the transformed isolate with or without bialaphos. At 2.5 × 106spores/m2, however, the coapplication of the transformant with bialaphos resulted in a higher level of disease severity than that of the wild-type isolate without bialaphos. Disease severity on northern jointvetch from the treatment of wild-type isolate with bialaphos was significantly less than that of the transformant with bialaphos at spore concentrations of 2.5 × 106to 2.5 × 108sores/m2. On Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica), the coapplication of bialaphos andC.g.aeschynomeneresulted in a significant synergistic effect (increase in disease severity) with the transformant and an antagonistic effect (decrease in disease severity) with the wild-type. The results demonstrate that at recommended rates ofC.g.aeschynomenefor the control of northern jointvetch, there is no benefit from coapplying the fungus with subleathal levels of bialaphos. However, at spore concentrations lower than that recommended, significantly greater disease development can occur when sublethal levels of bialaphos are applied with a bialaphos-resistant isolate. Furthermore, the coapplication of such a resistant isolate with sublethal levels of bialaphos can significantly extend the control range of this fungus toward Indian jointvetch. This suggests that improvements in the virulence and control range of a mycoherbicide may be realized if it were altered to endogenously produce a nonselective phytotoxin such as bialaphos.
Alternative opportunities and United States interstate migration: an improved econometric specification.

Use of explanatory variables defined at the end of the period to explain migration flows over that period introduces a simultaneous equations bias. The author employs beginning-of-period variables to avoid this bias in both the “traditional” economic and alternative opportunity formulations of the aggregate migration models for 1955–60 and 1965–70 United States migration flows.