cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
'DARK SHADING' OF WORDS IN THE DIARY OF A SUICIDE

The use of dark-shading words declined over time in the diary of a suicide, a result opposite to that predicted.
Sleep and recovery from aphasia after closed head injury

Abstract Sleep disturbances after cranial cerebral trauma are well-known. A few studies have attempted to relate recovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with cognitive recovery in general and recovery from aphasia in particular. This paper review the literature on sleep and recovery of neuropsychological function with emphasis on the recovery from aphasic disturbance. Sleep data on 20 closed head injury patients and their neuropsychological characteristics are reported. Specific case examples of head injury patiens with or without aphasia who show different sleep patterns are also illustrated. It is concluded that recovery from aphasia may, in fact, be related to the return of normal percent REM sleep and that this phenomenon may be particularly reflective of intact right cerebral hemisphere function. Research linking REM sleep to right hemisphere function is also presented. Potentially sleep studies might be used to help predict recovery from aphasia after traumatic brain injury in young adults.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Promotes Breast Cancer Progression via a Fibronectin-Dependent Stat3 Signaling Pathway

We previously established that overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is sufficient to induce tumor formation by otherwise nontransformed mammary epithelial cells, and that the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is capable of increasing the invasion and metastasis of these cells. Using this breast cancer (BC) model, we find that in addition to EGF, adhesion to fibronectin (FN) activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through EGFR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, EMT facilitated a signaling switch from SRC-dependent EGFR:STAT3 signaling in pre-EMT cells to EGFR-independent FN:JAK2:STAT3 signaling in their post-EMT counterparts, thereby sensitizing these cells to JAK2 inhibition. Accordingly, human metastatic BC cells that failed to activate STAT3 downstream of EGFR did display robust STAT3 activity upon adhesion to FN. Furthermore, FN enhanced outgrowth in three-dimensional organotypic cultures via a mechanism that is dependent upon β1 integrin, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and STAT3 but not EGFR. Collectively, our data demonstrate that matrix-initiated signaling is sufficient to drive STAT3 activation, a reaction that is facilitated by EMT during BC metastatic progression.
On maximum modulus of polynomials not vanishing inside a circle

Abstract A well-known theorem of Ankeny and Rivlin states that if ρ(z) is a polynomial of degree n, ρ(z) ≠ 0 for |z| < 1. then .In this paper we generalize and sharpen this, and some other results in this direction.
Cozumel Island fox (Urocyon sp.) dwarfism and possible divergence history based on subfossil bones

Archeological evidence indicates that a dwarf fox (Urocyon sp.) has inhabited Cozumel Island, Mexico at least since the arrival of Mayan peoples, but no taxonomic descriptions or morphological assessments of the animal exist. A recent field study indicates that this fox is on the verge of extinction and therefore it is critical to describe the population. Because no skins or complete skulls of the Cozumel fox exist in museum collections, we examined subfossils collected during archeological excavations of the human-waste middens of Mayans who inhabited the island c. 1500–500 years before present. Measurements of 37 bones from a minimum of 12 adult individuals suggest that this animal is diminutive (the body size was c. 60–80% of mainland specimens), similar to other Carnivora from Cozumel that are recognized as distinct species. Estimated rates of character differentiation for mainland and island foxes under a range of possible divergence periods (1000–130 000 years) suggest that the Cozumel fox population has been isolated for a minimum of 5000–13 000 years, and perhaps far longer. Colonization of the island by Urocyon therefore likely predates the colonization of Cozumel by humans.
On robust cycle bases

Abstract Two types of robust cycle bases are defined via recursively nice arrangements; complete and bipartite complete graphs are shown to have such bases. It is shown that a diagram in a groupoid is commutative up to natural equivalence (cutne) if for each cycle in a robust basis of the graph underlying the diagram, the composition of the morphisms is naturally equivalent to the identity. For a hypercube Qn, it is shown that the commutativity (or cutne) of a particular subset of asymptotically 4 n of the square faces forces commutativity (or cutne) of the entire diagram.
Control Balance Theory and Violence: An Examination of Contingencies

Control balance theory has been previously tested using measures of contingencies. This article builds upon these studies by using data collected from 460 undergraduate students to examine the role of constraints and sensation-seeking in the control balancing process. The findings provide partial support for control balance theory (i.e., that the control deficit and the control surplus both have significant links to predation). Examining the contingency effects showed that the influence of the control deficits and surpluses on deviance was conditioned by contingencies (i.e., high levels of sensation-seeking and low levels of constraint). The findings from this study suggest the need for further exploration of control balance theory, with the focus to shift to Tittle's 2004 revision of the theory.
Physical modeling of deformation patterns in monoclines above oblique-slip faults

Abstract Many basement-involved fault-related folds are thought to form by reactivation of pre-existing faults. Although oblique slip is expected on such structures it is often difficult to identify because the underlying faults are blind, paleomagnetic records are ambiguous, and mesoscopic deformation patterns in the associated monoclines are often incompletely exposed or difficult to interpret. This study seeks to establish a relationship between oblique slip on a basement reverse fault and the deformation patterns in the overlying folded rock layers. Using scaled physical models of wet clay overlying a rigid basement, we create a suite of Laramide-style folds over basement faults with variable obliquity. Precise displacements and strains on the surface of the clay are recorded using close-range photogrammetry. We use these measurements to predict deformation patterns that we would expect to find in analogous natural structures. The results of our models show that there are three general strain zones that form in monoclines that form above oblique-slip faults. The upper-hinge region of the monocline is dominated by extension, the lower-hinge region by contraction, and the middle of the fold limb is dominated by shear strains. The boundaries of these three zones, as well as the magnitude of strain in each of the zones vary with the amount of oblique slip and fault throw. Deformation should be dominated by joints and extensional faults in the extensional zone, by contractional faults and cleavage in the contractional zone, and may contain extensional, contractional, or strike-slip faults along with joints and cleavage arranged in Riedel style geometries in the shear strain dominated zone. At fault obliquities above 45° there is significant overlap of the different strain zones and deformation patterns in these regions can consequently be very complex, involving reactivation or overprinting of earlier structures, or the formation of mixed-mode structures. Displacements on the surface of our model monoclines suggest that previous paleomagnetic interpretations of vertical axis rotations on natural monoclines may need to be re-evaluated. Although such rotations increase with increasing fault obliquity, the magnitude of these rotations will vary significantly with position across a monocline.
Grasp synthesis of polygonal objects using a three-fingered robot hand

Grasping an object with a multifingered robot hand requires complete constraint of its motion by contacts. Complete constraint of an object can also be described using force equilibrium. If any external force on the object can be balanced by applicable contact forces, a stable grasp has been achieved. A force closure grasp is such a grasp. This article presents a simple and efficient algorithm to find an optimum force closure grasp of a planar polygon using a three-fingered robot hand. The optimum grasp is defined as a grasp that has the minimum value of a heuristic function. The heuristic function is formulated from the consideration of the possible uncertainties inherent in implementation. Even though a planar force closure grasp can be obtained using only two friction contacts, the authors consider only grasps where all three friction contacts explicitly participate. To find the optimum grasp, all feasible combinations of edges and/or vertices are identified first. An edges and/or vertices combination is feasible when a stable grasp is attainable by an appropriate selection of three contacts on them. Then, using computational geometry, a single grasp is constructed on each feasible combination. Finally, the grasps obtained are compared using the heuristic quality measure.more » A test of the algorithm on several different polygons shows that the resulting grasp is realistic and is obtained fast enough for real-time use.« less
Tubeless percutaneous renal surgery in obese patients.

Abstract Objectives To assess the outcome and safety of tubeless percutaneous renal surgery in overweight and obese patients. Methods A single urologist performed tubeless percutaneous renal surgery on a total of 138 renal units in 133 patients from March 1996 to January 2003. The tubeless procedures consisted of either nephrolithotripsy or endopyelotomy. We analyzed the clinical data of a subset of these patients who were of considered normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 18.5 kg/m 2 or greater but less than 25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI 25 kg/m 2 or greater but less than 30 kg/m 2 ), obese (BMI 30 kg/m 2 or greater but less than 40 kg/m 2 ), and morbidly obese (BMI 40 kg/m 2 or greater). Results Of the 133 patients, 5 (3.8%) were considered morbidly obese, 28 (21.1%) were considered obese, 55 (41.4%) were considered overweight, and 45 (34%) were considered to be of normal weight. Of the 133 patients, 104 underwent percutaneous stone extraction and 29 underwent percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy. Using unpaired t testing, BMI was compared with the transfusion rates, days of hospitalization, and stone-free outcome. The stone group did not demonstrate statistically significant relationships between BMI and transfusion rate, length of hospitalization, and stone-free outcome ( P = 0.423, P = 0.105, and P = 0.127, respectively). A stone-free rate of 94.5% was achieved. In the endopyelotomy group, 29 patients were analyzed. Follow-up showed 24 patients (82.8%) had successful resolution of the ureteropelvic junction obstruction 1 year postoperatively. Two patients required readmission for gross hematuria and low hematocrit. One patient required selective angiographic embolization of a pseudoaneurysm. Conclusions Tubeless percutaneous renal surgery is a safe and effective procedure in overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients.
PASSAGE OF FIRST STOOL IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Passage of meconium (M) after 24hrs of age in term neonates is considered to be delayed and may require diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention. However, little is known about the time of passage of first meconium and the clinical implications in premature (P) infants weighing ≤1500gms. Sixty consecutive P born between July 1985-March 1986 were studied; six of the sixty died before passing M. The mean±S.D. birth wt. was 1144±224gms, gestational age 30.6±2.24wks, Apgar score at one minute 4±2 and at five minutes 7 ± 2. Feedings were started at 4.4±2.5 days. Time of passage of meconium is shown: There was a significant correlation between time of passage of meconium and birth wt. (r = −0.489, p<0.001) and gest. age (r = −0.334, p<0.01); no significant correlation was noted with Apgar score, feeding, peak bilirubin levels, phototherapy or electrolytes. Time of passage was significantly longer in P with HMD vs Transient Tachypnea of Newborn (TTNB) (33±30 vs 16±17hrs, p<0.05). Only one P had abdominal distension and passed M plug at 47hrs of age; others had no signs of bowel obstruction. In summary, only 2/3 of P pass M by 24hrs of age and the remaining 1/3, even though delayed, do not require diagnostic workup unless associated with other signs of bowel obstruction.
C-AXIS TUNNELING IN YBCO

Abstract Josephson tunneling has been demonstrated between YBCO and lead with the current flowing along the c axis of YBCO. The tunneling current is surprisingly large, and does not follow random statistics when experiments on twinned samples are performed. This phenomenon is not understood. We present a model based on the presence of a surface-enhanced s-wave component to the order parameter which can produce these effects.
Addressing End-to-End Memory Access Latency in NoC-Based Multicores

To achieve high performance in emerging multicores, it is crucial to reduce the number of memory accesses that suffer from very high latencies. However, this should be done with care as improving latency of an access can worsen the latency of another as a result of resource sharing. Therefore, the goal should be to balance latencies of memory accesses issued by an application in an execution phase, while ensuring a low average latency value. Targeting Network-on-Chip (NoC) based multicores, we propose two network prioritization schemes that can cooperatively improve performance by reducing end-to-end memory access latencies. Our first scheme prioritizes memory response messages such that, in a given period of time, messages of an application that experience higher latencies than the average message latency for that application are expedited and a more uniform memory latency pattern is achieved. Our second scheme prioritizes the request messages that are destined for idle memory banks over others, with the goal of improving bank utilization and preventing long queues from being built in front of the memory banks. These two network prioritization-based optimizations together lead to uniform memory access latencies with a low average value. Our experiments with a 4x8 mesh network-based multicore show that, when applied together, our schemes can achieve 15%, 10% and 13% performance improvement on memory intensive, memory non-intensive, and mixed multiprogrammed workloads, respectively.
High-Pressure Impingement Mixing Method For Foam-In-Salvage

The U.S. Navy has used a rigid polyurethane foam technique known as foam-in-salvage for raising and salvaging sunken ships. This paper describes a high-pressure impingement mixing system developed for producing the foam for this purpose. The system, which consists essentially of a mixing head and a flexible mixing chamber, will produce the polyurethane foam underwater, and results in the efficient use of both chemicals and labour.
Effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on Escherichia coli bacteriuria in rats

The effect of D-mannose and D-glucose on bacteriuria due to Escherichia coli with mannose-sensitive adhesins was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing diuresis. Inocula of 105, 107, or 108 bacteria in 0.1 ml of normal saline or 2.5% or 10% D-mannose or D-glucose were injected intravesically and urine was cultured 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days later. The levels of bacteriuria on days 1 and 5 were significantly lower in rats inoculated with 105 E. coli and 10% D-mannose than in controls (p<0.05 and 0.01 respectively) and the percentages of rats with < 100 bacteria/ml were higher on days 1 and 3 (p=0.05 and 0.02 respectively). Bacteriuria was significantly lower in rats inoculated with 107 bacteria and 10% D-mannose than in controls on days 5 and 7 (p<0.01 for each day) and the percentage of rats with <100 bacteria/ml was higher on day 7 (p=0.01). D-glucose reduced bacteriuria significantly only with a concentration of 10% after instillation of 105 E. coli (p<0.05, day 1). The results indicate that D-mannose and D-glucose can significantly reduce bacteriuria within 1 day and that their efficacy is dependent upon the concentration of both saccharide and bacteria.
Development of a System for Controlling Dissolved‐Oxygen Content of Water

Abstract A system for controlling the dissolved-oxygen content of a continuous flow of water was developed and tested. It is essentially a continuous flow of water through a partial vacuum. Two daily adjustments maintain the dissolved-oxygen content of the effluent water within 0.05 p.p.m. of the desired concentration. Minimum oxygen content of 0.5 p.p.m. and flow rates greater than 10 liters a minute were obtained. Modifications are suggested to improve the efficiency and capacity of this system. The behavior of four species of fish at reduced oxygen concentrations was observed. When the oxygen content was decreased below 3 p.p.m., ventilation rate and amplitude increased rapidly, activity decreased, normal colors faded, feeding ceased, and the fish became unresponsive to such stimuli as movement and vibration. Oxygen concentrations below 3 p.p.m. appear to be critical for these four species in resting conditions.
Counterion condensation theory constructed from different models

Abstract The primitive model and the line of charges model for ionized polymers both predict the emergence of a condensed counterion layer at a critical polymer charge density, but the two models describe the condensed layer in different ways. The Zimm-Le Bret and Ramanathan distributions for the condensed layer in the primitive model are reviewed. The extended Debye-Huckel theory of the line of charges model is recast in a more general form in an attempt to make its underlying assumptions transparent. We show that the counterion-polyion potential of mean force at great distances behaves differently for the two models.
A three-dimensional phenomenological model for martensite reorientation in shape memory alloys

In this work, we propose a macroscopic phenomenological model that is based on the classical framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes and accounts for the effect of multiaxial stress states and non-proportional loading histories. The model is able to account for the evolution of both twinned and detwinned martensite. Moreover, reorientation of the product phase according to loading direction is specifically accounted for. Towards this purpose the inelastic strain is split into two contributions deriving, respectively, from creation of detwinned martensite and reorientation of previously existing martensite variants. Computational tests demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate the main aspects of the shape memory response in a one-dimensional setting and some of the features that have been experimentally found in the case of multiaxial non-proportional loading histories. Experimental non-proportional loading paths have also been simulated and a good qualitative agreement between numerical and experimental response is observed.
Dynamically Repairing and Replacing Neural Networks: Using Hybrid Computational and Biological Tools

The debilitating effects of injury to the nervous system can have a profound effect on daily life activities of the injured person [1]. In this article, we present a project overview in which we are utilizing computational and biological principles, along with simulation and experimentation, to create a realistic computational model of natural and injured sensorimotor control systems. Through the development of hybrid in silico/biological coadaptive symbiotic systems, the goal is to create new technologies that yield transformative neuroprosthetic rehabilitative solutions and a new test bed for the development of integrative medical devices for the repair and enhancement of biological systems.
The microbiology and historical safety of margarine

The microbiology and safety of margarine are reviewed from the perspective of its material composition and the historical absence of foodborne illness incidents associated with the consumption of this product. Intrinsic factors limit the growth of most micro-organisms, including pathogens. Margarine is a water-in-oil emulsion with a high fat content that limits the growth of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic micro-organisms. The size of the aqueous phase droplets and the inability of micro-organisms to move between droplets also reduce the ability of margarine to support microbial growth. In addition, depending upon the formula, up to 2% salt may be added which further reduces the ability of most micro-organisms to grow. The addition of preservatives such as sorbates can reduce spoilage problems. Spoilage, when it is observed, is typically caused by molds which can extend mycelia into the oil phase. The use of raw material specifications and the implementation of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system can be effective in enhancing the microbiological quality of margarine. The safety of margarine is documented by the lack of any verified incidences of foodborne illness resulting from the consumption of margarine.
Two Cases of Pott Disease Associated With Bilateral Psoas Abscesses: Case Report

Study design Two case reports and a literature review of spinal osteomyelitis with bilateral psoas abscesses secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective Describe the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of spinal tuberculosis (i.e., Pott disease). Summary of background data Pott disease is a well-known condition in unindustrialized countries causing multiple spinal deformities in children. However, its association with bilateral psoas abscesses in adults with minimal risk factors is not commonly recognized in industrialized countries. Methods There are 2 adult cases of Pott disease with psoas abscesses presented, and the relevant literature is reviewed. Plain spine radiographs, spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), routine bacterial and acid-fast bacilli cultures of infected material, and other diagnostic testing for M. tuberculosis were performed. Results Plain radiographs and MRI of the spine showed vertebral osteomyelitis with compression fractures, and MRI also revealed bilateral psoas abscesses. Acid-fast bacilli culture and other M. tuberculosis diagnostic testing of psoas abscess specimens confirmed the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis. Conclusion Although spinal osteomyelitis with psoas abscess is classically associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection, Pott disease should be considered in this clinical setting, and risk factor assessment and testing for tuberculosis should be performed.
A cellular automaton-based technique for modeling mesoscale damage evolution

A 2D stochastic cellular automaton model was developed to create a framework to examine the evolution of damage on the mesoscale. The model is based on an expanding representative volume element (RVE) in a cellular domain. The state of a cell, which can be either solid material or void, is determined by mapping existing voids through plastic convection and creating new damage through the cellular automaton. The cellular automaton formulation addresses the effect of damage initiation, propagation and coalescence through the iterative evaluation of individual cells based on their current state and the current states of their eight neighboring cells. The amount of damage in each time step is controlled by conservation of mass in the expanding RVE. By modifying the ratio of damage to plastic convection and the probabilities in the cellular automaton rule table, the model can generate microcrack or microvoid damage morphologies at different spatial scales. Very rapid simulations are achieved using this formulation. Thus, a wide range of material damage morphologies can be rapidly modeled in a single simulation architecture based solely on local cell geometry. However, one will be able to characterize cellular automaton rules and parameters to simulate specific constitutive models of material damage and fracture.
Equine Breeding-Induced Endometritis: A Review

Abstract Although endometritis is a normal occurrence after breeding, persistent inflammation threatens the success of the pregnancy. Persistent endometritis has been cited as a leading reproductive health concern in the mare. A variety of factors contribute to susceptibility to persistent breeding induced endometritis, including age, endometrial quality, and reproductive history. Seminal plasma mediates the immune response to breeding, as it has protective properties for viable spermatozoa, while aiding in the recognition and targeting of dead spermatozoa by the mare's immune response. Although the adaptive immune response has been implicated in the response to breeding, the innate immune response along with mechanical clearance are the primary mechanisms suggested to act to clear endometritis. Mares susceptible to persistent breeding induced endometritis have an altered innate immune response after breeding compared to resistant mares. There are multiple tools and strategies utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of persistent endometritis. This review of the literature summarizes research investigating the causes, pathogenesis, and treatments of persistent breeding induced endometritis.
Economic incentives for protecting digital rights online

Once electronic content-such as a password to access a website's resources-has been released, it is very difficult to prevent it from being shared. This disclosure often represents economic harm to the content's owner and others. Most attempts to prevent unauthorized sharing of digital content have been based on technology or legal punishments, but these approaches are not always applicable (as with passwords) or fast enough to prevent harm (as with the use of legal punishments). We propose the use of economic incentives to both limit and detect unauthorized sharing. This approach has the advantage of not requiring watermarking, encryption, or other traditional digital rights management techniques. Our protocol, called SPIES, is applicable to content that is shared to a limited extent and that meets several economic conditions. These conditions apply for many forms of content that are currently protected using technological sharing-prevention techniques. Such applications include passwords, trade secrets, pre-release content, and many others. We formalize this protocol using game theoretic analysis, and we show how to set the specific parameters under which SPIES can be useful.
Ethnic and Social Class Comparisons of Preschoolers' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Object-Centered and Object-Free Play

(1986). Ethnic and Social Class Comparisons of Preschoolers' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Object-Centered and Object-Free Play. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 147, No. 3, pp. 427-429.
sp 3 -hybridized framework structure of group-14 elements discovered by genetic algorithm

Group-14 elements, including C, Si, Ge, and Sn, can form various stable and metastable structures. Finding new metastable structures of group-14 elements with desirable physical properties for new technological applications has attracted a lot of interest. Using a genetic algorithm, we discovered a new low-energy metastable distorted $s{p}^{3}$-hybridized framework structure of the group-14 elements. It has $P$${4}_{2}/\mathit{mnm}$ symmetry with 12 atoms per unit cell. The void volume of this structure is as large as ${139.7\AA{}}^{3}$ for Si $P$${4}_{2}/\mathit{mnm}$, and it can be used for gas or metal-atom encapsulation. Band-structure calculations show that $P$${4}_{2}/\mathit{mnm}$ structures of Si and Ge are semiconducting with energy band gaps close to the optimal values for optoelectronic or photovoltaic applications. With metal-atom encapsulation, the $P$${4}_{2}/\mathit{mnm}$ structure would also be a candidate for rattling-mediated superconducting or used as thermoelectric materials.
Photoinactivation of chloroplasts already inhibited on the oxidizing side of Photosystem II

Abstract We have investigated the irreversible inhibition produced in the photosynthetic electron-transport chain by illuminating Cl − -free or Tris-washed chloroplasts. Our data indicate that the site of this inhibition is on the oxidizing side of Photosystem II, either at the reaction center, P-680, or its immediate electron donor, Z; the possibility that the primary photoinduced lesion is at the second stable Photosystem II electron acceptor, Q B , has been excluded. Comparison of our data with those in the literature lead us to postulate that the photoinactivation under study here is mechanistically the same as photoinhibition in living plants (Powles, S.B. (1984) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35, 15–44), the former occurring on an accelerated time scale.
Power And Frequency Measurements From A Uniform Backward Wave Oscillator As A Function Of Length

The authors describe results from an experiment where the number of ripple periods in the slow wave structure of a backward wave oscillator (BWO) is increased. Both microwave power and frequency measurements are made for each shot. For a given cathode voltage and beam current, the microwave peak power and frequency are plotted as a function of BWO length. In previous investigations, the observation of two power maxima as a function of length was explained by the interaction of the electron beam with the forward traveling wave and reflections at the transition from the slow wave structure into the output waveguide. However, recent numerical calculations using the phase dynamics of electron beam and electromagnetic modes suggest that the power maxima are due to the phase relationship between the electron beam density wave and the backward wave. Experiments were performed on the Sinus-6, a relativistic electron beam accelerator. By adjusting the pressure in the Sinus-6 spark gap switch, cathode voltages between 400 kV to 650 kV can be obtained. The experiment was repeated for different sets of beam parameters. In all cases, the magnetic field used for beam transport was longer than the length of the slow wave structure. The experimentalmore » results are compared with phase model calculations and PIC code simulations using KARAT and TWOQUICK.« less
Fatigue resistance of continuous glass fiber/polypropylene composites: consolidation dependence

Abstract The effect of consolidation on the fatigue resistance of continuous glass fiber/polypropylene (CGF/PP) composites was studied. Five sets of conditions, chosen to approach plant-like processing conditions, were used to obtain samples with varying consolidation quality. These conditions resulted in different void content, degree of crystallinity, size of crystalline entities (spherulites) and level of fiber dispersion. Although they led to different short-term (flexural, tensile or short-beam shear) mechanical results, a single linear correlation could be established between the interlaminar shear strength (ISS) and the void content for all consolidation conditions except one. The fatigue resistance of the CGF/PP composites showed that these consolidation conditions also resulted in different fatigue damage evolution and fatigue resistance curves (or S–N curves). From the S–N curves, two useful correlations could be established: the first is a linear correlation between the Basquin's fatigue strength and the short-term flexural strength; the second is a linear correlation between the Basquin's fatigue sensitivity and ISS. The results emphasize the predominance of the fiber–matrix interface in determining the general mechanical properties of continuous fiber composites and suggest that short-term flexural and short-beam shear tests can be useful empirical indicators of the long-term performance of CGF/PP composites.
Turbulent heat fluxes during an intense cold-air outbreak over the Kuroshio Extension Region: results from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model

The coupled ocean atmosphere mesoscale prediction system that includes the Navy Coastal Ocean Model has been configured for the Kuroshio Extension region using multiple one-way nested high-resolution grids. The coupled model system was used to simulate a strong cold-air outbreak event from 31 Jan to 7 Feb 2005 in good agreement with meteorological data from a surface buoy data and QuikSCAT scatterometer winds. Latent heat fluxes and sensible heat fluxes were computed during the event with daily averages in excess of 1,500 W/m2 and 500 W/m2, respectively, and combined instantaneous turbulent heat fluxes up to 2,300 W/m2. The largest heat fluxes were found in two large meanders of the Kuroshio and along its southern flank. Strong gradients in turbulent heat fluxes coincided with strong sea surface temperature gradients and were maintained during the cold-air outbreak simulation. The large turbulent heat fluxes lead to significant subtropical mode water formation during the event at a rate about 10 Sv in the cyclonic recirculation region south of the Kuroshio. This increased the volume of core layer mode water within the temperature range 16°C to 18°C by 10% and increased the surface area of that layer directly exposed to the atmosphere by a factor close to 5 in the model domain.
Ultrastructure of multiple sclerosis.

The electron microscopic features of 11 stereotaxic brain biopsies that demonstrated inflammatory primary demyelination consistent both morphologically and clinically with multiple sclerosis are addressed. Degeneration of inner oligodendrog-lial loops and uniform widening of inner myelin lamellae antedated complete destruction of myelin sheaths. Perivascular lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells were in intimate contact with myelin sheaths. Astrocytes proliferated even away from demyelinated areas. In areas of chronic, established demyelination, oligodendrocyte numbers were greatly decreased, and fields of completely demyelinated axons were seen among astrocytic processes. Axonal injury, evidenced by the formation of axonal swellings, was apparent in maximally affected areas. At the edge of acute lesions with demyelinated axons, oligodendrocytes were preserved morphologically. Thinly myelinated axons indicative of central nervous system-type remyelination by oligodendrocytes were observed primarily a...
Isolation and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Rarecirculatingtumorcells(CTCs)arepresentinthebloodofpatientswithmetastaticepithelialcancersbuthavebeen difficult to measure routinely. We report a quantitative automated imaging system for analysis of prostate CTCs, taking advantage of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a unique prostate tumor–associated marker. The specificity of PSA staining enabled optimization of criteria for baseline image intensity, morphometric measurements, and integration of multiple signals in a three-dimensional microfluidic device. In a pilot analysis, we detected CTCs in prostate cancer patients with localized disease, before surgical tumor removal in 8 of 19 (42%) patients (range, 38 to 222 CTCs per milliliter). For 6 of the 8 patients with preoperative CTCs, a precipitous postoperative decline (<24 hours) suggests a short half-life for CTCs in the blood circulation. Other patients had persistent CTCs for up to 3 months after prostate removal, suggesting early but transient disseminated tumor deposits. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, CTCs were detected in 23 of 36 (64%) cases (range, 14 to 5000 CTCs per milliliter). In previously untreated patients followed longitudinally, the numbers of CTCs declined after the initiation of effective therapy. The prostate cancer– specific TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was detectable in RNA extracted from CTCs from 9 of 20 (45%) patients with metastatic disease, and dual staining of captured CTCs for PSA and the cell division marker Ki67 indicated a broad range for the proportion of proliferating cells among CTCs. This method for analysis of CTCs will facilitate the application of noninvasive tumor sampling to direct targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer and warrants the initiation of longterm clinical studies to test the importance of CTCs in invasive localized disease.
The New Breed in Japan: Consumer Culture

Abstract The shinjinrui or “new breed” in Japan, characterized by more stress on individuality, instant gratification, absorption with leisure time activities, and looser social ties at home and at work raises some interesting questions and concerns regarding the role of consumption and the characteristics of the work structure in Japan. This paper examines the shinjinrui both within its historical context and from a cross-cultural perspective. Questions are raised with regard to the implications for the existing structures of consumption and production in Japan. Two different comparative methodologies are illustrated. Resume Individualite, recherche de gratification immediate, absorption par des activites de loisirs et desserrement des liens sociaux a la maison et au travail: telles sont les caracteristiques du ≪ shinjinrui ≫ ou ≪ nouvelle generation ≫ qui emerge au Japon. Le shinjinrui pose le probleme du role de la consommation et des caracteristiques de la structure du travail dans ce pays. L'article etudie ce nouveau phenomene dans son contexte historique et aussi dans une perspective interculturelle. Il en examine les repercussions sur les structures actuelles de consommation et de production nippones. Deux methodes de comparaison sont illustrees.
Succeeding in the Corporate Arena: The Evolution of College Students’ Perceptions of the Necessary Ethical Orientation

The authors’ purpose was to determine the perceptions of present university students regarding job politics as practiced by those climbing the corporate career ladder, and to compare them with the perceptions of students from a previous generational cohort that participated in a similar study more than 25 years earlier. Data were collected from 1,512 students enrolled at a major urban university in the Southeastern United States. Results from the present study, as compared to the 1984 study, indicate that today's college students are more optimistic regarding what it takes to get ahead in the corporate world. Comparative results also uncover the declining influence of citizenship, race, and religion, and the increasing influence of education-related demographics. A discussion of the findings and implications for educators and the business community is provided.
Rapid and preferential activation of Fos protein in hypocretin/orexin neurons following the reversal of dehydration-anorexia.

Dehydration (DE)-anorexia is stimulated by chronic consumption of hypertonic saline. Spontaneous nocturnal food intake is markedly reduced with this treatment but is rapidly reversed upon the return of drinking water. Here we examined the neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of chronically dehydrated rats for their peptidergic phenotype, colocalization, and activation profiles following the rapid reversal of anorexia. To do this, we used double-labeling combinations of Fos immunocytochemistry and radioisotopic- and digoxigenin-labeled in situ hybridization. We found that lateral hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons show extensive coexpression with neurotensin mRNA, but they are distinct from hypocretin/orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. Chronic dehydration increases Fos-ir in large numbers of neurons in dorsal regions of the LHA. Some of these LHA neurons also show increased CRH, but not hypocretin/orexin or MCH gene expression, as dehydration-anorexia develops. Furthermore, the behavioral sequence of eating and increased activity exhibited by DE animals in the minutes following water drinking is accompanied by a further increase in the number of Fos-ir nuclei in the LHA. Increased Fos activation occurs in a significant number of LHA hypocretin/orexin neurons, but not CRH or MCH neurons, in the LHA. Together these data implicate CRH but not hypocretin/orexin or MCH neurons in the LHA in the motor events associated with dehydration. However, when water is returned, contributions to the network controlling responses evidently come from hypocretin/orexin, but not CRH or MCH, neurons in the LHA. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:768–782, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship between Human Adipose Tissue Agouti and Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

The human homologue of the murine obesity gene, agouti, is expressed in adipose tissue. We have shown that recombinant agouti protein regulates adipocyte lipogenesis and lipolysis coordinately and promotes lipid storage via a Ca 21 -dependent mechanism in vitro, which may contribute to agouti-induced obesity. However, little is known about agouti's physiologic function in humans. We first studied the agouti content in human mature adipocytes vs. preadipocytes. The agouti content of human mature adipocytes was five times as abundant as in preadipocytes (19.18 6 2.46 vs. 4.07 6 0.51 pg/mg protein, P , 0.005), suggesting that agouti is up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation. We next studied the relationship of agouti mRNA and protein to fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA and activity in adipose tissue obtained from nonobese and mildly obese patients (body mass index range, 21-31 kg/m 2 ). Agouti protein was correlated with FAS activity (r 5 0.782, P , 0.005). Similarly, human adipose tissue agouti mRNA level was also correlated with FAS mRNA level (r 5 0.846, P , 0.001). These data suggest that agouti may be another adipocyte-produced factor that modulates adipocyte lipid metabolism via a paracrine/autocrine mechanism. J. Nutr. 130: 2478 -2481, 2000.
Effects of the equilibrium concentration of impurities on the reproducibility of thermoluminescence in MgO

A study of thermoluminescent (TL) sensitivity and reproducibility is undertaken in crystals of MgO exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the as-received condition, and heat treated in air or in a mixtue of CO/CO2 at either 1000 or 1400° C. The changes in the concentrations of transition metal ions such as Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+ and V2+, caused by the heat treatments, are followed using electron spin resonance. It is shown that the equilibrium concentrations of Fe3+ and V2+ ions, which can be altered by heat treatments, play an important role in the reproducibility of the TL in this system.
Work Attitudes of Older RNs

Using data collected from 1,906 RNs from Metropolitan Statistical Areas in 29 states, the purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and work attitudes of older RNs compared to RNs less than age 50 at two time periods, and compare among the older RNs those who are working in nursing, working outside nursing, and not working. Older RNs reported more distributive justice (fairness of rewards), work group cohesion, and supervisory support and less organizational constraint, and quantitative workload than younger RNs. Overall, older RNs were more satisfied, had greater organizational commitment, and had less desire to quit than younger RNs. There were no significant differences between older and younger RNs for autonomy, mentor support, or variety. Strategic efforts by employers and government could be used to retain older workers, attract RNs working in nonnursing settings back into nursing, and recruit retired RNs into the nursing workforce.
THE LOOP CHONDRITE: PETROLOGY, MINERAL CHEMISTRY, AND OPAQUE MINERALOGY

The Loop meteorite was found in 1962 in Gaines County, Texas, at a location very close to that where the Ashmore chondrite was found in 1969. The two specimens were assumed to be fragments of the same meteorite. The Loop meteorite is a type L6 chondrite composed of olivine (Fo75.4Fa24.6), orthopyroxene (En77.6Wo1.5Fs20.9), clinopyroxene (En47.5Wo45.1Fs7.4), plagioclase (Ab84.3Or5.5An10.2), Fe-Ni metal, troilite, and chromite. Fe-Ni metal is represented by kamacite (5.8-6.4 wt % Ni, 0.88-1.00 wt % Co), taenite (30.0–52.9 wt % Ni, 0.16-0.34 wt % Co), and plessite (16.8–28.5 wt % Ni, 0.38-0.54 wt % Co). Native copper occurs as rare inclusions in Fe-Ni metal. Both chondrules and matrix have similar mineral compositions. The mineral chemistry of the Loop meteorite is quite different from that of the Ashmore, which was classified as an H5 chondrite by Bryan and Kullerud (1975). Therefore, the Ashmore and Loop meteorites are two different chondrites, even though they were recovered from the same geographic location.
Deterministic addressing of nanoscale devices assembled at sublithographic pitches

Multiple techniques have now been proposed using random addressing to build demultiplexers which interface between the large pitch of lithographically patterned features and the smaller pitch of self-assembled sublithographic nanowires. At the same time, the relatively high defect rates expected for molecular-sized devices and wires dictate that we design architectures with spare components so we can map around defective elements. To accommodate and mask both of these effects, we introduce a programmable addressing scheme which can be used to provide deterministic addresses for decoders built with random nanoscale addressing and potentially defective wires. We describe how this programmable addressing scheme can be implemented with emerging, nanoscale building blocks and show how to build deterministically addressable memory banks. We characterize the area required for this programmable addressing scheme. For 2048/spl times/2048 memory banks, the area overhead for address correction is less than 33%, delivering net memory densities around 10/sup 11/ b/cm/sup 2/.
Neuro-fuzzy support for problem-solving environments: a step toward automated solution of PDEs

In the "problem-solving environments" that will one day free scientists and engineers from many algorithmic and computing details, computational intelligence techniques such as neural networks and fuzzy logic can help automate the choice of the best solution methods. Classifying the problems, illustrated in this article by using partial differential equations (PDEs) as an example, is a first step.
"Occurrence of cereal viruses on wheat in Tekirdag, Turkey"

A survey for detection of barley yellow dwarf luteoviruses (BYDV-PAV and BYDV-MAV), cereal yellow dwarf polerovirus (CYDV-RPV), barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (BSMV), wheat dwarf monogeminivirus (WDV) and brom mosaic bromovirus (BMV) was carried out during May 2003 covering seven cereal-growing counties of Tekirdag, Turkey. Two hundred sixty (260) wheat samples with yellowing, stunting, or striping were collected from 26 wheat fields. These samples were tested for the presence of six viruses by ELISA using polyclonal antisera. Serological tests showed that six tested viruses were present in Tekirdag, Turkey. Among the tested viruses, BYDV-MAV was the most commonly detected (25% of the 260 wheat samples), followed by BYDV-PAV (22.3%), WDV (16.5%), CYDV-RPV (8.5%), BMV (3.1%) and BSMV (1.5%). This study revealed the presence of six viruses in wheat fields in Tekirdag and reported for the first time BSMV and BMV on wheat in Turkey.
Automorphic ^-Functions and Functoriality

This is a report on the global aspects of the Langlands-Shahidi method which in conjunction with converse theorems of Cogdell and Piatetski-Shapiro has recently been instrumental in establishing a significant number of new and surprising cases of Langlands Functoriality Conjecture over number fields. They have led to striking new estimates towards Ramanujan and Selberg conjectures.