cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Human CLC-3 Channels by Multifunctional Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase

Abstract The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, CaMKII, has been shown to regulate chloride movement and cellular function in both excitable and non-excitable cells. We show that the plasma membrane expression of a member of the ClC family of Cl−channels, human CLC-3 (hCLC-3), a 90-kDa protein, is regulated by CaMKII. We cloned the full-length hCLC-3 gene from the human colonic tumor cell line T84, previously shown to express a CaMKII-activated Cl− conductance (ICl,CaMKII), and transfected this gene into the mammalian epithelial cell line tsA, which lacks endogenous expression of ICl,CaMKII. Biotinylation experiments demonstrated plasma membrane expression of hCLC-3 in the stably transfected cells. In whole cell patch clamp experiments, autonomously active CaMKII was introduced into tsA cells stably transfected with hCLC-3 via the patch pipette. Cells transfected with the hCLC-3 gene showed a 22-fold increase in current density over cells expressing the vector alone. Kinase-dependent current expression was abolished in the presence of the autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, a specific inhibitor of CaMKII. A mutation of glycine 280 to glutamic acid in the conserved motif in the putative pore region of the channel changed anion selectivity from I− > Cl− to Cl− > I−. These results indicate that hCLC-3 encodes a Cl− channel that is regulated by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation.
"Our Gratitude to Our Soldiers": Military Spouses, Family Re-Unification, and Postwar Immigration Reform

The perceived need to re-unite military families after World War II, initially addressed by ad-hoc war-brides legislation, played a key role in the reformulation of U.S. immigration policy. The large number of military spouses, especially from Asia, pushed policymakers to revise their notions of racial admissibility, thus helping to establish family re-unification as the driving force behind immigration reform. Though unnoticed at the time, the combination of wartime service, patriotism, and marriage formed an inadvertent road map for the family-centric, and ultimately racially neutral, admissions policies that would dominate U.S. immigration law after 1965. The importance of Asian war brides in shaping the contours of U.S. policy stands in even stronger relief when compared to the relative unimportance of the issue in Canada, another major participant in World War II, which also pursued immigration reform during the 1960s.
VARYING SENSITIVITY OF C57BL-CRGL MICE TO GROUPING.

Mice responded differentially to increases in population size, depending on their prior experience. Compared to animals grouped prior to an increase in population size, animals housed as isolates responded to grouping with more fighting, a greater diminuation of testis weight, and a higher level of locomotor activity. They also had lower testis weight and higher locomotor activity than individually housed, nongrouped controls.
MASHER: An automatic VLSI layout system

Abstract This paper describes a system for the automatic layout of VLSI circuits designed using Path Programmable Logic (PPL) methodology. A formal model has been developed which serves as a framework for the manipulation of PPL circuits. This model supports two basic operations: wire folding and wire splitting. User specified constraints guide the PPL layout process. External wires, those which reach outside of the circuit, may be routed to a particular edge, ordered, or placed adjacently. Heuristics are used to select folds. A heuristic has been developed which chooses those folds which place the fewest restrictions on the circuit. The MASHER system has been fully implemented and a number of real circuits have been laid out. Examples are presented comparing MASHER layouts with both hand layouts and other computer generated layouts.
PET/CT imaging to guide cervical cancer therapy

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography has been utilized for many oncologic indications. It has been found to be especially useful in the management of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PET imaging defines the extent of the disease at diagnosis. It aids in selecting therapy, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or combinations thereof. For radiotherapy, the metabolically active disease can be specifically targeted with radiotherapy planning. Once therapy is complete, FDG-PET is utilized to evaluate the metabolic response to therapy. The 3-month post-therapy PET scan has been demonstrated to be highly predictive of long-term survival outcome. Surveillance after completion of therapy and evaluation of clinically suspected recurrent disease are also uses of FDG-PET in patients with cervical cancer.
Sensitization-induced sodium influx in airway smooth muscle cells of guinea pigs

Abstract Airway smooth muscle (ASM) preparations isolated from Camm-Hartley male guinea pigs were passively in vitro sensitized using Austen's technique. During this sensitization, cells were frequently penetrated with glass microelectrodes (a resistance of 80–90 MΩ) for a period of 120 min. Simultaneously, changes in the isometric force of ASM preparations were also monitored. It was found that: (1) administration of serum (1:10 dilution) from sensitized animals caused a depolarization of ASM cells (−52.3 ± 0.7 mV), achieving a peak at 4 min, followed by slow sustained hyperpolarization reaching a steady state after 15 min; (Resulting resting membrane potential of ASM cells was −60.0 ± 0.7 mV); (2) in the presence of ouabain (10 −5 M), the development of hyperpolarization of ASM cells was completely inhibited; (3) replacement of Na + with choline chloride or lithium chloride partially inhibited the development of depolarization of ASM cells; (4) in the presence of specific sodium entry blocker, amiloride the sensitization-caused depolarization was abolished; (5) the presence of choline chloride, lithium chloride or amiloride in the experimental medium completely inhibited the contractile response of sensitized tissues to a specific antigen; (6) response of ASM preparations to a specific antigen was absent during depolarization of ASM cells, but was always present during their hyperpolarization. It is concluded that in vitro passive sensitization leads to the interaction of serum specific antibodies with the membrane of airway smooth muscle cells so that permeability of membrane for Na + is increased (transient depolarization) followed by the activation of electrogenic Na + -pump (sustained hyperpolarization). These events seem to determine the contractile response of sensitized ASM cells to a specific antigen.
Computer skills: they're not just for techies anymore

In today's business world everyone needs computer skills. I was a Political Science major at Gettysburg College, and when I graduated this past spring I found that may computer proficiency was one of my most marketable skills.
Examination of the enantioselectivity of wall- immobilized cyclodextrin copolymers in capillary gas chromatography

Approximately 90 chiral compounds were resolved by capillary GC on three different cyclodextrin-based, wall-immobilized capillary columns. Despite similarities in their structure and make-up, these stationary phases often displayed different enantioselectivities. Also their selectivities were different from wall-coated varieties of neat alkyl or alkyl-acyl derivatives of cyclodextrin. It is apparent that the immobilization chemistry affects selectivity as well as stability and efficiency. While the variety of different cyclodextrin-based capillary columns may be disconcerting to many, the practical result is a net increase in the number and types of compounds that can be resolved as well as their expanded usefulness in other capillary techniques.
Apoptosis-Related (Survivin, Bcl-2), Tumor Suppressor Gene (p53), Proliferation (Ki-67), and Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Src) Markers Expression and Correlation With Clinicopathologic Variables in 60 Thymic Neoplasms

Background Our objective was to investigate the expression of survivin, Bcl-2, p53, Ki-67, and Src in thymic neoplasms and analyze their interrelationship with clinicopathologic variables. Methods A series of 60 thymic neoplasms was reviewed and classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) scheme. Key clinical information, including Masaoka stage, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) was obtained. The percentage and staining intensity of listed markers were recorded. The correlation of markers and clinicopathologic variables was statistically analyzed using the Fisher exact test and log-rank test. Results There were 7 type A, 15 type AB, 8 type B1, 5 type B2, 17 type B3 thymomas, and 8 thymic carcinomas. Seven patients (11.7%) died of the disease. Tumors recurred in eight patients (13.3%). Although p53 expression alone was found to be correlated with RFS with borderline significance (p = 0.056), patients with Src-positive and p53-positive coexpression had a shorter OS time than the other groups (p Conclusions Regardless of WHO type and/or tumor stage, although p53 expression may predict recurrence in thymomas, p53 and Src coexpression can predict shorter OS, and cytoplasmic localization of survivin may predict recurrence in thymic carcinoma. These findings make thymic tumors a prime target for newly developed anti-Src and anti-survivin therapies.
Analysis of creep buckling of steel columns subjected to fire

One of the critical factors affecting the strength of steel columns at elevated temperatures is the influence of material creep. Under fire conditions, steel columns can exhibit creep buckling, a phenomenon in which the critical buckling load for a column depends not only on slenderness and temperature, but also on the duration of applied load. Although material creep and consequently the phenomenon of creep buckling can significantly impact the safety of steel columns subjected to fire, they have received relatively little research attention, and are not currently explicitly considered in code-based design formula for columns at elevated temperatures, such as those in the Eurocode 3 or in the AISC Specification. This paper will propose a preliminary methodology to study the phenomenon of creep buckling in steel columns subjected to fire. Preliminary analytical solutions are presented, and compared with computational predictions for creep buckling. The analytical and computational results clearly indicate that accurate knowledge of material creep is essential in studying creep buckling phenomenon at elevated temperatures. In addition, the results show that neglecting creep effects can lead to erroneous and potentially unsafe predictions of the strength of steel columns subjected to fire.
Characterizing and insuring against ‘the accident’ in a light water reactor

Abstract Radioactive release from a reactor accident is considered the major risk in the operation of a reactor. The consequence of such release includes various health effects and property damage. In a previous article, ‘Estimating the Cost of Hypothetical Reactor Accidents’ ( Ann. nucl. Energy , 6 ), methodology was developed to evaluate and compare the risks of various consequences of reactor accidents in monetary terms. This article uses the results obtained from that methodology and a representative situation in which the severity of what will be called ‘the accident’ is described by a set of damages resulting from bearing 50% of the total risk. These damages, according to the 1975 Reactor Safety Study, include hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property damage (costs for property decontamination), about 100 cancer deaths/yr over a period of nearly 40 yr and 12–20 genetic effects/yr over a period of several centuries. This paper distinguishes between identifiable and nonidentifiable types of damages and estimates both in terms of present-worth dollars. The authors' determination of appropriate levels of insurance against ‘the accident’ and their recommendations as to the manner of public compensation for such an event is based on this information.
Comorbilidad crónica y homogeneidad de los grupos de diagnósticos relacionados

Summary Objetive: One of the ways to compare the efficiency of different hospitals and services is to evaluate Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs), with the hypothesis that patients in the same RDG will present homogeneous behavior with respect to length of stay. The object of this study was to evaluate in the context os the National Health System the internal variability of specific DRGs in terms of the patients’ comorbidity. Methods: On the basis of various comorbidity scores measured with the Charlson index (ChI), we analyzed length of stay, inhospital mortality and emergency readmissions at 30 and 365 days in 106.673 hospitalizations (excluding subjects younger than 17 years of age, and obstetrics and psychiatric patients) in 12 hospitals, and in 17 DRGs selected on the basis of their greater frequency and comorbidity. Results: In the aggregated analysis, length of stay (from 8.5 days in patients with no comorbidity to 17.0 days in patients with scores higher than 4) and inhospital mortality rates (from 3.7% in patients with no comorbidity to 17.6% in patients with highest score) increased significantly with each level of the Charlson index. The readmission rate at 30 days rose from 4.7% to 10.9% also in step with increases in comorbidity scores. Readmissions at one year varied from 14.8% in patients with scores of 0 to 35.2% in patients with scores of 3-4, and dropped to 27.9% in patients with scores higher than 4. When analysing different DRGs, 8 of the 17 groups studied showed a significantly higher length of stay with increased comorbidity scores. Some DRGs also showed intra-group variability with respect to mortality and readmission, particularly at 365 days. Conclusions: Some DRGs show significant internal variability in terms of comorbidity that may be generating a false worse evaluation of the efficiency of hospitals that treat patients with higher comorbidity.
Geographic Variation in Genic and Morphological Characters in Peromyscus californicus

Allelic variation was examined at 31 structural gene loci in 13 populations of Peromyscus californicus . Northern populations of P. californicus differ sharply from southern populations in allelic frequency at four of 17 polymorphic loci. Heterozygosity levels are high in the zone of contact between the northern and southern units, and also high in southern populations. A multivariate analysis of variation in morphological characters in 17 populations distinguishes two groups of populations similar to the grouping based on variation at electrophoretic loci. Northern populations are assigned to the subspecies Peromyscus californicus californicus ; southern populations are assigned to the subspecies Peromyscus californicus insignis . The role of changes in the topography of coastal California and changing vegetation and climatic patterns in contributing to differentiation within this species is considered.
Structure and Origin of Southeastern Bahamas

The structural framework of the southeastern Bahamas has been reconstructed from seismic profiler, magnetic, and gravity data. The Bahama Escarpment that marks the boundary between the southeastern Bahamas and the deep-sea floor may follow an ancient fracture zone. The geophysical data suggest that the crust beneath the southeastern Bahamas has a thickness (20 km) intermediate between those of the crusts of continents and ocean basins, and that this basement is partly volcanic in origin. The Bahamas may have formed by subsidence of a continental crust and carbonate accretion. If the southeastern Bahamas were formed in this manner, the crustal foundation must be very thin because the carbonate apron may be as thick as 10 km. Another explanation is that the Bahamas are unde lain by oceanic crust, in which case the Bahamas could have been formed in two ways. The northwestern Bahamas may be located at the site of a trough formed before or at the time the Atlantic Ocean was open. After this trough was filled nearly to sea level with terrigenous sediment, carbonate deposition was initiated. The southeastern Bahamas, on the other hand, may be located along a fracture zone that was formed during the opening of the Atlantic. The sedimentary section may be entirely carbonate. As the continents separated, the sediment-filled trough and the fracture zone subsided with carbonate accretion keeping pace with subsidence. The interpretation of the southeastern Bahamas being built on oceanic crust eliminates the problem of its overlap onto Africa in continental drift recon tructions.
Gold nanoparticles with stable yellow-green luminescence

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) coated with 6-mercaptopurine-9-β-Dribofuranoside (6-MPR) have been synthesised in aqueous media by replacement of the original citrate stabiliser. Unlike virtually all other Au nano-colloids, the resulting 6-MPR-Au NPs revealed fairly strong photoluminescence with emission maximum at 580 nm and a quantum yield of 6%. The luminescence slowly blue-shifts to 514 nm after several months of aging. Spectroscopic data indicate that the photoluminescence originates from the formation of a complex between gold ions and 6-MPR during the nucleation stage on the surface of the Au NPs, creating the stabilising shell. Au(III), in the presence of pure 6-MPR in aqueous solution has been found to form an Au(6-MPR)2 complex using the Job's variation method. The presence of Au core considerably enhances the stability of the surface complex, although has little effect on other spectroscopic characteristics. Produced luminescent Au NPs can be used as a convenient model system for biomedical and sensor applications of nanoparticles.
Robust disturbance attenuation with stability for linear systems with norm-bounded nonlinear uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization and robust disturbance attenuation is investigated for systems with linear nominal parts and norm-bounded nonlinear uncertainties on both states and control inputs. It is shown that the type of nonlinear uncertainty sets considered in this paper has an equivalent representation by linear uncertainty sets. Based on this key result and some standard Riccati inequality approaches for robust control of linear uncertain systems, a constructive design procedure is developed.
Characterizing the Electric Field Coupling from IC Heatsink Structures to External Cables Using TEM Cell Measurements

One method for evaluating the unintentional radiated emissions from integrated circuits (ICs) involves mounting the IC on a printed circuit board (PCB) embedded in the wall of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell. The signal voltages on the IC and its package produce electric fields that can couple to cables and other structures attached to the PCB, inducing common-mode currents that can be a primary source of unintentional radiated emissions. The signal currents in the IC and its package produce magnetic fields that can also result in common-mode currents on larger radiating structures. This paper describes a TEM cell measurement method employing a hybrid to separate the electric field coupling and the magnetic field coupling. The results of this measurement can be used to determine the product of the IC's self-capacitance and the effective voltage that drives this capacitance. This voltage-capacitance product characterizes the IC's ability to drive common-mode currents onto cables or enclosures due to electric field coupling. This information can then be used to estimate the resulting radiated emissions.
Constitutive and Cell Cycle Regulated Expression of c- myc mRNA is Related to the State of Differentiation in Murine B-Lymphoid Tumors

The c-myb proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear, DNA binding protein (Klempnauer 1984; Luscher 1990) which has recently been shown to have the ability to act as a transcriptional transactivator (Westin 1989). The expression of c-myb mRNA has been predominantly associated with normal tissue and tumor cell lines of immature hematopoietic origin (Westin 1982; Gonda 1982) and the chemically induced differentiation of several hematopoietic tumor cell lines in vitro results in the down-regulation of c-myb mRNA levels (Gonda 1984; Kirsch 1986). In addition, c-myb expression has recently been reported to be down-regulated in neuroblastomas which were induced to differentiate with retinoic acid (Thiele 1988). We have previously shown in murine B-lymphoid tumors that pre-B cell lymphomas contain 10 to greater than 100 fold more c-myb mRNA than B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas (Bender 1987a) and that this difference is maintained primarily by a premature block to transcription elongation (attenuation) which occurs in the first intron of the c-myb gene (Bender 1987b). Attenuation has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of c-myb mRNA levels during the chemically induced differentiation of a murine erythroleukemia cell line (Watson 1988). We have recently examined the basis for high versus low level expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B-lymphoid tumors and report that pre-B cell lymphomas constitutively express c-myb mRNA while B cell lymphomas regulate c-myb mRNA levels during the cell cycle. In addition, we describe a protein/DNA interaction, detected near the putative site of attenuation, that correlates with active attenuation in these tumor cell lines.
Relations between the Parisi physical order parameter and ac magnetic susceptibility in spin glasses

Abstract The consequences of a hierarchical model for barrier heights between metastable states are explored. We show that the Parisi physical order parameter P(q) extracted from the equilibrium out-of-phase susceptibility, is consistent with previous de measurement of P(q). The dynamic susceptibility χ″(ω, t) before and after a dc magnetic field change is obtained by introducing a reduction of barrier heights by the relative Zeeman energy change E z, the reduction increasing for increasing barrier height. This results in the correct frequency dependence for the observed jump in χ″(ω) upon a change in magnetic field. Measurement of these jumps over a wide range of waiting times serves as a vehicle for the determination of excitation barrier response to a magnetic field change.
Mitochondrial permeability transition in the crustacean Artemia franciscana: absence of a calcium-regulated pore in the face of profound calcium storage

When mammalian mitochondria are exposed to high calcium and phosphate, a massive swelling, uncoupling of respiration, and release of cytochrome c occur. These changes are mediated by opening of the...
Automated building extraction from high-resolution satellite imagery in urban areas using structural, contextual, and spectral information

High-resolution satellite imagery provides an important new data source for building extraction. We demonstrate an integrated strategy for identifying buildings in 1-meter resolution satellite imagery of urban areas. Buildings are extracted using structural, contextual, and spectral information. First, a series of geodesic opening and closing operations are used to build a differential morphological profile (DMP) that provides image structural information. Building hypotheses are generated and verified through shape analysis applied to the DMP. Second, shadows are extracted using the DMP to provide reliable contextual information to hypothesize position and size of adjacent buildings. Seed building rectangles are verified and grown on a finely segmented image. Next, bright buildings are extracted using spectral information. The extraction results from the different information sources are combined after independent extraction. Performance evaluation of the building extraction on an urban test site using IKONOS satellite imagery of the City of Columbia, Missouri, is reported. With the combination of structural, contextual, and spectral information, 72.7% of the building areas are extracted with a quality percentage 58.8%.
Low omega-6 vs. low omega-6 plus high omega-3 dietary intervention for chronic daily headache: protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Targeted analgesic dietary interventions are a promising strategy for alleviating pain and improving quality of life in patients with persistent pain syndromes, such as chronic daily headache (CDH). High intakes of the omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) may promote physical pain by increasing the abundance, and subsequent metabolism, of LA and AA in immune and nervous system tissues. Here we describe methodology for an ongoing randomized clinical trial comparing the metabolic and clinical effects of a low n-6, average n-3 PUFA diet, to the effects of a low n-6 plus high n-3 PUFA diet, in patients with CDH. Our primary aim is to determine if: A) both diets reduce n-6 PUFAs in plasma and erythrocyte lipid pools, compared to baseline; and B) the low n-6 plus high n-3 diet produces a greater decline in n-6 PUFAs, compared to the low n-6 diet alone. Secondary clinical outcomes include headache-specific quality-of-life, and headache frequency and intensity. Methods: Adults meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for CDH are included. After a 6-week baseline phase, participants are randomized to a low n-6 diet, or a low n-6 plus high n-3 diet, for 12 weeks. Foods meeting nutrient intake targets are provided for 2 meals and 2 snacks per day. A research dietitian provides intensive dietary counseling at 2-week intervals. Web-based intervention materials complement dietitian advice. Blood and clinical outcome data are collected every 4 weeks. Results: Subject recruitment and retention has been excellent; 35 of 40 randomized participants completed the 12-week intervention. Preliminary blinded analysis of composite data from the first 20 participants found significant reductions in erythrocyte n-6 LA, AA and %n-6 in HUFA, and increases in n-3 EPA, DHA and the omega-3 index, indicating adherence. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01157208)
Changes in Nutrient Content during Chill-holding of Ice-packed and Deep-chilled Broilers

The changes in nutrient composition of broiler breast meat subjected to the following handling methods were determined: 1) ice-packed whole birds (IW), 2) ice-packed breasts (IB) and 3) deep-chilled, tray-packed breasts (DCB). All were chill-held for 14 days in ice or dry in 2°C storage. Significant losses of Mg, K, Na and P (20, 37, 12 and 36%, respectively) were found in 14 days IB samples. The loss in IW was 11, 26 and 27% for Mg, K and P, respectively. DCB meat retained more minerals than those packed in ice. The highest loss after 7–14 days of chill-holding of DCB was 18% for P and 15% for K. Significant increase of Ca content was found (68–144% gain) for all samples stored after 7 days suggesting migration of Ca from bone to tissue. Proximate data, thiamin and riboflavin content did not change.
Modeling single and repeated dose pharmacokinetics of PFOA in mice

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) displays complicated pharmacokinetics in that serum concentrations indicate long half-lives despite which steady state appears to be achieved rapidly. In this study, serum and tissue concentration time-courses were obtained for male and female CD1 mice after single, oral doses of 1 and 10mg/kgofPFOA.Whenusingone-andtwo-compartmentmodels, the pharmacokinetics for these two dosages are not consistent with serum time-course data from female CD1 mice administered 60 mg/kg, or with serum concentrations following repeated daily doses of 20 mg/kg PFOA. Some consistency between dose regimens could be achievedusingthesaturable resorptionmodelof Andersen et al. In this model PFOA is cleared from the serum into a filtrate compartment from which it is either excreted or resorbed into the serum by a process presumed transporter mediated with a Michaelis-Menten form. Maximum likelihood estimation found a transport maximum of Tm 5 860.9 (1298.3) mg/l/h and halfmaximum concentration of KT 5 0.0015 (0.0022) mg/l where the estimated standard errors (in parentheses) indicated large uncertainty. The estimated rate of flow into and out of the filtrate compartment,0.6830(1.0131)l/hwastoolargetobeconsistentwith abiologicalinterpretation.Forthesemodelparametersasingledose greater than 40 mg/kg, or a daily dose in excess of 5 mg/kg were necessary to observe nonlinear pharmacokinetics for PFOA in female CD1 mice. These data and modeling analyses more fully characterize PFOA in mice for purposes of estimating internal exposure for use in risk assessment.
Anaesthetic management of a patient with carcinoid tumor undergoing myocardial revascularization

Carcinoid tumors with hepatic involvement can produce intense flushing, tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension and diarrhoea. Patients with limited cardiac reserve may not tolerate these effects under anaesthesia.
Overview of Clinical Trials on Endosseous Implants

Early history of clinical trials on endosseous implants revolved around anecdotal reports on predominantly blade implants in the U.S. The first criteria to define success or failure were established at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Harvard Conference in 1978. This was followed by the multi-center trials from the Branemark group which described round, metallic implants. At the 1988 NIH Conference, questions dealt with the following: 1) the effectiveness of dental implants for the long-term; 2) indications and contra-indications of various types of implants; 3) requirements for management of dental implants; 4) health risks of dental implants; and 5) future directions in research. In the ensuing 7 years since the second NIH Conference, most of the data generated have been from non-controlled case reports, which describe a 90% success rate in 5 years or more with many types of endosteal systems in both partially and fully edentulous patients. Therefore, it can be said that there is evidence that dental implants are effective for the long-term. The other questions posed at the 1988 NIH Conference have not been as well described and have led to many controversies and future research areas. Two areas which will have a special future impact are 1) the establishment of a standard of care and risk-benefit ratio for implants and 2) the use of various factors to accelerate bone formation to allow greater access to dental implants by patients.
The Intensive Care Unit

Caring for patients in the intensive care unit demands constant, meticulous thought and consideration while implementing every aspect of their management. Among the many life-sustaining therapies provided for those in the intensive care unit (ICU), the use of an individually tailored pharmacologic regimen has the potential to dramatically improve the overall health of the patient as well as to do great harm. Severe derangements in the physiologic responses and homeostatic mechanisms of critically ill patients often times result in challenges in constructing a durable therapeutic regimen. At times, these alterations in function can be difficult to detect, and their effects on the intended action of pharmacologic substances are often impossible to quantify. Knowledge of these specific disease processes, their potential effects on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, as well as an intimate familiarity with the pharmacologic agents most often used in the intensive care unit can lead to an optimized approach to improving the health of the critically ill patient.
Race and Civil Counsel in the United States: A Human Rights Progress Report

The United States' debate of civil right to counsel has been shaped by the constraints of domestic law. The public discussion of the proposed civil right to counsel in the U.S. has typically treated the issue as one of basic fairness. The racial impact of the lack of civil counsel -- an issue that does not raise constitutional concerns absent evidence of discriminatory intent -- often remains unarticulated. Yet international law continues to recognize such racial disparities, intentional or not, as human rights violations, and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (“ICERD”) requires scrutiny of the racial impacts of the lack of a right to civil counsel. This Article examines the ways in which the ICERD standards could influence the domestic civil counsel debate within the United States, requiring more rigorous examination of the ways in which lack of civil counsel compounds existing racial disparities. Part I examines the existing data demonstrating racial disparities in access to counsel, and sets out the relevant provisions of ICERD. Part II highlights the continued gaps in knowledge of the racial dynamics of this issue. Part III probes the ways in which the results of the 2007 ICERD review were used by domestic advocates, revealing that, despite the CERD Committee's strong statements, the CERD Committee conclusions were rarely invoked in domestic advocacy. Part IV suggests possible avenues for strengthening the connections between the CERD Committee's work and U.S. advocacy on the civil right to counsel. The Article concludes that ICERD has an important role to play in providing a legal framework for addressing the racial impacts of the lack of civil counsel -- a framework that is lacking in domestic law. However, ICERD will not have significant domestic influence until both U.S. human rights advocates and the CERD Committee thoughtfully tailor their work to the U.S. context, with a view toward shoring up the domestic impact of international law.
Dynamic Simulation of an Ammonia–water Absorption Refrigeration System

A dynamic model of a single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle with realistic thermodynamics has been developed. The thermodynamic properties are obtained from the Redlich–Kwong equation of state for ammonia/water as the refrigerant/absorbent mixture. The governing ordinary differential equations are derived from the mass, momentum and energy balances for the different components of the system. Lumped parameters are assumed, so that at any instant of time the generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber are each characterized by a single temperature, pressure and concentration. Friction factors are used to calculate pressure drops in the pipes. The transient response of the cycle to a step change in pressure rise across the pump is determined from numerical solutions of the governing equations. The dynamic responses of the mass flow rates, heat rates and the coefficient of performance are shown. The rise time seems to be about two loop circulation times.
Fruit development: miRNA pumps up the volume.

Analysis of fruit development in Arabidopsis reveals how a four-component regulatory module, comprising a microRNA and three types of transcription factors, functions to control fruit size.
ANALYTICAL ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS.

Latitudinal gradients in species diversity represent, perhaps, one of the longest recognized and most discussed biogeographical phenomena. Simpson (1964) studied the species density pattern of the mammals of North America and found a trend toward increased species density in the tropics; Terent'ev (1963) found similar results in the U.S.S.R. Simpson points out that the increase does not occur in all of the mammals, but in certain groups. The purpose of this paper is to begin the analysis of different mammalian taxa, and to show the significance of topographic relief and climate on which Simpson did not calculate statistics.
A clinical study on the effects of ceftazidime and cefotaxime on neonatal septicemia

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of ceftazidime and cefotaxime on neoantal septicemia. Methods: Compared with a controll group of cefuroxime, a retrospective investigation was made to study the clinical effects and safety of ceftazidime and cefotaxime in treating the neonatal septicemia. Results: The incidence of positive value for treatment in the cefazidime and cefotaxime groups were 90.91% and 94. 12%, respectively. Compared with that of control group of cefuroxime (89. 12% ), the differences were not significant. The rate of ADR of two groups with different drugs was not different significantly, either ( P 0. 05) . But the periods of hospitalization of the patients of ceftazidime and cefotaxime groups were shorter than that of control group significantly ( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Ceftazidime and cefotaxime are of first choice for treating neonatal septicimia.
THE STUDY ON SOCIAL SUPPORT STATUS AND CARING COUNTERMEASURE OF PLWHA

Objective To explore social support status and its relevant factors in PLWH A(People Living with HIV/ AIDS,PLWHA).Provide the basis for the caring countermeasure.Methods Face to face interviews were conducted with Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Results Among the 144 PLWHA,the SSRS total and three dimensions score,in over 50 years old people are relatively low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).In the SSRS total and objective support and subjective support,unmarried singles/separation/divorce,in this city live but non - this city household registration who live in the city within 1 year were relative low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).In the SSRS total and objective support, male,drug addict,blood infection and alone at home who were relative low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).In the SSRS total and subjective support,unemployed people who were relative low,difference statistically significant (p 0.05).In the SSRS total,family economic status general and the following who were relative low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).In the subjective support,education in junior college and above,no children and live depend the source of pension/social security/family support/benefits who were relatively low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).In the subjective support and the use of supports,intended duration of antiviral treatment in 2 years and above who were relatively low,difference statistically significant(p 0.05).Conclusion HIV infection had lower levels of social support. Social support in PLWHA have impact from various factors,should be in the process of follow - up care,targeted strengthening construction of the social support system,to improve the quality of life for PLWHA.
Special considerations in orofacial pain and headache

The dental profession faces educational, scientific, and ethical challenges in orofacial pain and headache. Past educational deficiencies are being addressed with guidance and recommendations from the AADS, the ADA, and the AAOP. With education and further research, many dental ethical questions in TMD will be resolved. The educational process must continue with a solid foundation in scientific basis provided in university settings. The appropriate use of TMD diagnostic machines, treatment modalities, and management of perpetuating factors such as sleep will evolve with the new knowledge of scientific discovery. These are some of the many challenges of orofacial pain and headache disorders that warrant special consideration.
Functions Incorporating a Nitrogen and Another Group 15 Element

This chapter focuses on the generation of compounds bearing carbon bound to both nitrogen and phosphorus. The chapter is subdivided first by the nature of the nitrogen functionality, then by the identity of the phosphorus group. For the generation of each species, a variety of typical reactions are represented, such as condensation of imines or α-leaving group amines with phosphorus nucleophiles, along with methods less prolific in the literature, such as metal carbenoid insertions. The extent of examples for each method reflects the relative employment of each respective method as found in the literature. Examples in which the desired products arise in high stereoselectivity enjoy special attention. When possible, a brief description is given explaining the research surrounding the generation of the products discussed.
Compassion as Pedagogy

The value of a pedagogy of engagement on deepening empathy and understanding is discussed. The works of Lillian Rubin (The Transcendent Child) and Sr. Helen Prejean (Dead Man Walking) are introduced by the author’s themselves to Tenderloin U students. Resiliency/transcendence theory is demonstrated in case studies of Tenderloin youth and Inner City Studies students. The concept “to understand is to forgive,” the role of society in creating conditions hostile to healthy lifestyles, and our failure to respond appropriately to needs of many young people is discussed. Still, many survive to do meaningful and purposeful work. This is explained through resiliency theory: involvement of a caring adult with high expectations, helping youth discover opportunities. The reader is encouraged to be that meaningful adult by “jumpin’ down the rabbit hole.”
Rational Design of a Synthetic Peg-Like Polymer for Protein Stabilization

Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is an enzyme that can deteriorate acutely toxic chemicals known as organophosphates, which are ubiquitously employed as pesticides and are thus considerable environmental hazards. However, the proclivity of OPH to aggregate in aqueous media severely hinders its biological activity. Inspired by natural chaperones, we have designed and synthesized heteropolymers to encapsulate and stabilize OPH. When OPH is complexed with the designed heteropolymer, it exhibits a drastic increase in biological activity in a buffer solution - approximately 15 times greater than the native biological activity of pure OPH in the same environment. We have confirmed via dynamic light scattering that while pure OPH aggregates in the buffer solution, the heteropolymer prevents aggregation from occurring.Two model proteins, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, have also been studied with the heteropolymer to aid our understanding of the protein-polymer interactions that occur in our system. The structure and particle size of the different protein-polymer mixtures at several temperatures have been probed via dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These characterization techniques have elucidated the mechanisms of interactions between the polymer and proteins.
Comparison of 2010 Census Nonresponse Follow-Up Proxy Responses with Administrative Records Using Census Coverage Measurement Results

The U.S. Census Bureau is currently conducting research on ways to use administrative records to reduce the cost and improve the quality of the 2020 Census Nonresponse Followup (NRFU) at addresses that do not self-respond electronically or by mail. Previously, when a NRFU enumerator was unable to contact residents at an address, he/she found a knowledgeable person, such as a neighbor or apartment manager, who could provide the census information for the residents. This was called a proxy response. The Census Bureau’s recent advances in merging federal and third-party databases raise the question: Are proxy responses for NRFU addresses more accurate than the administrative records available for the housing unit? Our study attempts to answer this question by comparing the quality of proxy responses and the administrative records for those housing units in the same timeframe using the results of 2010 Census Coverage Measurement (CCM) Program. The assessment of the quality of the proxy responses and the administrative records in the CCM sample of block clusters takes advantage of the extensive fieldwork, processing, and clerical matching conducted for the CCM.
“Target-or-Clear” Zirconium-89 Labeled Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cancer-Directed Uptake in Melanoma: A Comparison of Radiolabeling Strategies

Designing a nanomaterials platform with high target-to-background ratios has long been one of the major challenges in the field of nanomedicine. Here, we introduce a “target-or-clear” multifunctional nanoparticle platform that demonstrates high tumor-targeting efficiency and retention while minimizing off-target effects. Encouraged by the favorable preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic profiles derived after fine-tuning surface chemical properties of radioiodinated (124I, t1/2 = 100.2 h) ultrasmall cRGDY-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles (C dots), we sought to investigate how the biological properties of these radioconjugates could be influenced by the conjugation of radiometals such as zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 = 78.4 h) using two different strategies: chelator-free and chelator-based radiolabeling. The attachment of 89Zr to newer, surface-aminated, integrin-targeting C′ dots using a two-pot synthesis approach led to favorable pharmacokinetics and clearance profiles as well as high tumor upta...
Maisonneuve Fractures: Syndesmotic Fixation Using Plate

The high fibula fracture with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury is known as a Maisonneuve fracture. Surgical intervention is necessary for optimal reduction and fixation. Surgeon preferences for syndesmosis reduction techniques and implants are varied, though most agree that the fibula fracture does not require fixation. The authors present a case of a Maisonneuve fracture fixed with a short plate and two tricortical screws.
A Predictive Model for Axillary Node Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Recent trials have suggested the feasibility of performing a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The selection of suitable patients for this approach remains controversial. We developed a predictive model to identify patients most likely to benefit from SNB following NAC. The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients with clinically node positive (cN+) breast cancer undergoing NAC followed by breast surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Patients were randomly assigned to a 70% testing or 30% validation cohort for model development. A predictive model was built based on significant factors associated with pathologic nodal response (pN0) and breast response. Using the testing cohort (n = 13,396), multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of pN0 based on preoperative factors. Younger age, hormone receptor (HR)-negative/Her2-negative, HR-positive/Her2-positive, HR-negative/Her2-positive, high-grade, ductal histology, cN1 versus cN2, and extent of breast response were all significant independent predictors of pN0 on adjusted analysis. The odds ratios translated into a 10-point scale correlating to a stepwise increase in pN0 response. The area under the curve for the ROC curves for the testing and validation cohorts was 0.781 and 0.788, respectively (p < 0.01). Our model incorporates known preoperative factors to predict the likelihood of pN0 response in patients with cN+ disease who undergo NAC. For patients with high scores, SNB should be considered over ALND, because these patients have a greater likelihood of having negative nodes at final pathology.
Wind Gust Characterization at Wind Turbine Relevant Heights in Moderately Complex Terrain

AbstractImproved understanding of wind gusts in complex terrain is critically important to wind engineering and specifically the wind energy industry. Observational data from 3D sonic anemometers d...
Playfulness in Play and the Player: Developmental Studies of a Qualitative Aspect of Play

This chapter presents a review of the qualitative aspects of play. It presents studies of playfulness in kindergarten-age children, in adolescents, and in adults. The three instruments used in the study of kindergarten-age children were a rating scale for playfulness, a test interview for divergent thinking, and a standardized picture vocabulary test for an estimate of intelligence. The subjects in the study of adolescents were drawn from public and private schools in New York City and its suburbs, representing a range of subject matter areas. Self-ratings were again employed with graduate students who were already teaching. The studies find the kindergartner as one who skips, hops, and jumps, smiles more readily, shows glint-in-the-eye behavior, moves easily among his or her peers, and be more imaginative in labeling his or her play products. The playful high school student seems to be two different types—one is physically alert, enthusiastic, and intellectually curious, and the other is physically mobile, spontaneously joyful, humorous, group-oriented, and friendly.