cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flexor Pollicis Longus Dysfunction After Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures

Purpose To evaluate the natural history and etiology of decreased thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint flexion after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures. Methods A total of 46 patients who underwent volar plating of 48 distal radius fractures by a single surgeon were retrospectively studied. Of those patients, 24 (24 wrists) exhibited loss of thumb IP joint flexion (group 1) and 22 (24 wrists) retained thumb IP joint flexion (group 2) with attempted thumb opposition to the small finger after surgery. All patients were seen at regular intervals until IP joint flexion returned and fracture healing was confirmed radiographically. Patient demographics, fracture patterns, surgical variables, and final radiographs were compared between groups. Twenty patients in group 1 were seen after a mean of 6.5 months (range, 5–12 mo) for specific outcome measurements. Eight cadaveric specimens were used to replicate the flexor carpi radialis approach to the distal radius and evaluate flexor pollicis longus tendon excursion. Results There were no significant differences in fracture pattern, patient age or sex, injured extremity dominance, time to surgery, incision length, plate composition, plate length, tourniquet time, or final wrist radiographs between groups. In group 1, active thumb IP joint flexion returned on average 52 days (range, 19–143 d) postoperatively. At final evaluation in this group, mean IP joint flexion was 11° less than the contralateral thumb IP joint; however, patient-determined outcomes were favorable in most cases. In the cadaveric specimens, excursion of the flexor pollicis longus tendon decreased with sequential soft tissue dissection and retraction. Conclusions Loss of thumb IP joint flexion after volar plating of distal radius fractures was common, and motion returned to near normal in most cases within 2 months. Partial stripping of the flexor pollicis longus muscle from investing fascia and bone and retraction of soft tissues are likely etiological factors. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic III.
Five-legged wound-core transformer model: derivation, parameters, implementation and evaluation

The ability to predict or confirm ferroresonance and to evaluate its severity depends primarily on the correctness of the transformer model used in the computer simulation. An equivalent circuit is developed here for the widely used three-phase grounded-wye to grounded-wye five-legged wound-core distribution transformer. Recently developed equivalent circuits are generally correct, but cannot faithfully reproduce all of the ferroresonant modes possible in this transformer. This new equivalent circuit is derived using duality transformations. Core saturation and losses and coil capacitances are included in the model. Model parameters are obtained via measurement, obviating the need for proprietary manufacturer design information. The model is implemented in EMTP. Simulation results are presented and compared to measurements. A technique for predicting ferroresonance on a system level, based on the use of bifurcation diagrams and Poincare sections, is developed and implemented using EMTP. The model performs quite well, even though coil capacitances are not entirely included in the model. One of the key advancements is the development of a bifurcation simulation method to predict ferroresonant behaviors for a large range of capacitance values.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: Efficacy of a low daily dose to clinically negative regions

Background: We aimed to assess outcomes of patients with anal cancer who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and received less than 1.80 Gy/day. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our experience using a low fractional dose (< 1.80 Gy) of IMRT to elective nodal areas for patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for anal cancer. Three-year freedom from any disease relapse and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. We documented the daily dose that was delivered to clinically uninvolved regions and to areas of gross disease. Incidence of regional failures in high (≥ 1.80 Gy) and low (< 1.80 Gy) daily dose regions was assessed. Results: Thirty-four consecutive patients (median age, 59 years) received IMRT from June 2005 through January 2009. Median follow-up duration was 22 months. Twenty-eight patients had T1 or T2 disease and 6 had T3 or T4 disease. Fourteen patients had nodal metastases. Median treatment dose was 50.40 Gy (range, 48.60-57.60 Gy) in 25 to 32 fractions. The range of fractional doses to clinically negative volumes was 1.28 to 1.80 Gy. Seventeen patients (50%) received a fractional dose of less than 1.60 Gy, 13 (38%) received less than 1.50 Gy, and 9 (26%) received less than 1.40 Gy to at least a portion of the clinically negative volume. Three-year freedom from relapse was 80%, and 3-year overall survival was 87%. No patient had treatment failure in the clinically negative volume that received a low daily dose. Conclusions: Our data support using doses between 1.50 and 1.80 Gy/day to clinically uninvolved regions.
Dilute iota- and kappa-Carrageenan solutions with high viscosities in high salinity brines

We evaluated the rheological characteristics of ι- and κ-Carrageenan in aqueous solutions. Viscosities strongly increased with increasing polymer concentration or salinity. Monovalent Na^+ cations were more effective in increasing viscosity than divalent Ca^(2+) cations. A more complex brine containing Na^+, Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) cations also showed high viscosities at a high salinity. We observed shear thinning behavior for these polysaccharide solutions. We explain these rheological phenomena with molecular processes, specifically the conformation change of the ι-Carrageenan from random coil to double helix. In the context of enhanced oil recovery, ι-Carrageenan solutions can reach much higher viscosities at high salinities than standard polyacrylamide solutions. Moreover, Carrageenans are renewable, nontoxic, green substances.
Major hepatectomy with simultaneous pancreatectomy for advanced hepatobiliary cancer.

Abstract Background Combined major hepatectomy with pancreatectomy (MHP) is a rarely used operation for the treatment of hepatobiliary cancer. Few reports have discussed the utility of this procedure and its indications are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to review our experience with MHP. Study design A review of our prospective hepatobiliary surgical database between January 1994 and July 2000 identified 17 patients who had undergone MHP. Preoperative radiographic and laboratory data, intraoperative findings, hospital outcomes, and longterm followup were obtained. Results A total of 3,579 patients with hepatobiliary malignancy were seen at our institution, of which 1,280 underwent resection and 17 (1.3%) had an MHP. The median age was 58 years (range 24 to 76). Histology was as follows: eight neuroendocrine carcinoma, three sarcoma, two cholangiocarcinoma, one ampullary carcinoma, one gallbladder carcinoma, one gastric carcinoma recurrence, and one benign fibrosis. All 17 patients underwent resection of two or more hepatic segments. Nine patients underwent a distal pancreatectomy and eight underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Median operative time was 6 hours (range 4 to 8) and the median blood loss was 900 mL (range 150 to 2,500). Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients (47%), and there were three perioperative deaths (18%). All three deaths occurred in patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with a hemi-hepactomy or greater. Eight patients are free of disease with a median followup of 54 months. Six patients have recurred, two of whom have died of disease with a median disease-free interval of 8 months. Conclusions MHP is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and should only be considered in highly selected patients when a significant potential oncologic benefit is possible.
Flux Corrections Revisited

In a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere, the calculation of thevertical fluxes of mass, momentum, and heat from point measurementsare to lowest order calculated as the standard eddy covariance.Additional terms primarily related to the mean vertical velocity areadded to improve the accuracy of the calculation. A review ofprevious work is undertaken. The fluxes are reformulated beginningwith the equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Aformula for the mean vertical velocity is found that is accurate tothe ideal gas approximation. Relations are developed between fluxesat different heights. In addition to the relations for fluxes ofmass, sensible heat, and latent heat, the fluxes of momentum andturbulent kinetic energy are also considered.
Occupational Therapists' Perspectives on Practice Errors in Geriatric Practice Settings

Errors occur in health care practice. This study examined occupational therapy practitioner errors in geriatric practice in an effort to understand the phenomenon of errors and practitioners' response. Four focus groups were conducted with 29 therapists in four states. Results revealed factors that were internal or external and technical or moral that contributed to errors. Making errors had an emotional impact on occupational therapy practitioners. Occupational therapists instituted specific tactics to cope with emotional responses caused by making errors. Findings of the study have significant implications to current occupational therapy practice and professional training programs such as reexamining regulations and policies, strengthening communication skill training, facilitating collaborative team-work and encouraging truth telling and error disclosure.
Brand Attachment and Management of a Strategic Brand Exemplar

This chapter examines three key issues in developing and establishing strong brand relationships with its customers. The first issue addresses the concept of attachment as a distinctive higher order construct that bears critical implications for the enhancement of brand equity. The second key issue addresses how a brand may be able to create a meaningful personal connection with its customers in order to create and establish brand attachment. Here, three different brand-self associations are introduced. The third and final issue addresses the importance of the strategic brand exemplar as the most fundamental tool that offers a firm valuable opportunity for the brand's sustainable competitive advantages and growth. The essential requirement for this opportunity to be realized is the firm's strategic choice of a brand's exemplar and the carefully executed strategy to manage the exemplar over time so as to nurture and accumulate its effects.
HIGH SODIUM IN DRINKING WATER AND ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE

A recent study of two communities in Massachusetts showed that a group of high school sophomores exposed to 107 mg/liter sodium in their municipal drinking water had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than a control group exposed to 8 mg/liter. The present study was undertaken to determine if these results could be repeated in two communities, LaGrange and Westchester, located in the Chicago metropolitan area. These communities have similar demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. However, the concentration of sodium in the municipal drinking water of LaGrange is 405 mg/liter as compared to 4 mg/liter for Westchester. A comparison was made between the blood pressures of high school juniors and seniors from the two communities. Of the 386 eligible students in LaGrange, 84% volunteered to have their blood pressures taken. In Westchester, 78% of the 401 eligible students volunteered. Results of the survey indicated that male and female systolic blood pressures in the high sodium community were not significantly higher than those in the low sodium community. Surprisingly, the observed systolic blood pressures of males in the lower sodium community were higher than those in the high sodium community. These findings did not corroborate the results of the Massachusetts study. However, the male and female diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher (p = 0.040 for males and p = 0.016 for females) in the high sodium community. The increases in diastolic blood pressures (approximately 2 mmHg for males and females) were not as large as those observed in the Massachusetts study (2.7 and 5.1 mmHg for males and females, respectively).
Leaf nitrogen spectral reflectance model of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) based on PROSPECT: simulation and inversion

Through its association with proteins and plant pigments, leaf nitrogen (N) plays an important regulatory role in photosynthesis, leaf respiration, and net primary production. However, the traditional methods of measurement leaf N are rooted in sample-based spectroscopy in laboratory. There is a big challenge of deriving leaf N from the nondestructive field-measured leaf spectra. In this study, the original PROSPECT model was extended by replacing the absorption coefficient of chlorophyll in the original PROSPECT model with an equivalent N absorption coefficient to develop a nitrogen-based PROSPECT model (N-PROSPECT). N-PROSPECT was evaluated by comparing the model-simulated reflectance values with the measured leaf reflectance values. The validated results show that the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.98 for the wavelengths of 400 to 2500 nm. Finally, N-PROSPECT was used to simulate leaf reflectance using different combinations of input parameters, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to establish the relationship between the N-PROSPECT simulated reflectance and the corresponding leaf nitrogen density (LND). The inverse of the PLSR-based N-PROSPECT model was used to retrieve LND from the measured reflectance with a relatively high accuracy (R2=0.77, RMSE=22.15 μg cm−2). This result demonstrates that the N-PROSPECT model established in this study can accurately simulate nitrogen spectral contributions and retrieve LND.
Democratic Transitions in Comparative Perspective

In spite of the broad-ranging nature of the literature on democratic transitions, it is possible to provide a general assessment of the state of the literature. This review stresses a series of disagreements concerning the effect of the ancien regime on the processes of transition and democratic consolidation and the effect of the transitional process on the problems of democratic consolidation. It argues that these disagreements are linked to different theoretical and methodological approaches. A political-institutional approach is advanced to resolve these disagreements. This approach stresses the importance of choices during the transitional period and emphasizes both the impact of choices on the institutions of new democracies and the need to place actors within the broader context of the transitional moment.
Leaky‐Wave Beams of Multiply Layered Plasma Media

The radiation patterns of antennas in the presence of plasma media may exhibit large narrow beams that are due to leakage of trapped energy. The nature of these beams is discussed, and such characteristics as spatial dependence, magnitude, and power content are determined.
Genetic Regulation of Multiple Forms of Tyrosinase in Mice Action of a and b Loci.

SummaryExtensive allelic substitutions at the a and b loci in mice reveal that multiple forms of tyrosinase separable by acryl-amide-gel electrophoresis are subject to complex genetic control. Depending upon genic constitution at the a and b loci, a maximum of three electrophoretically separable forms of tyrosinase are demonstrable. Specific alleles at these loci have also been shown to influence tyrosinase activity.
Effect of Denervation of Intestine on its Motor Responses at a Site of Distention

SummaryThe role of the extrinsic nerves in the local intestinal response to filling and distention has been studied by subjecting innervated and denervated intestinal segments of unanesthetized dogs to identical distending forces. Distention acts as a stimulus to the smooth muscle of the denervated intestine so that an active pressure increase may be induced by the stretch and passive pressure resulting from a standard amount of filling. The stimulatory effect of filling is not equally evident in the innervated intestine. This result may be interpreted as indicating that the degree of motility observed at the site of a distention in the innervated intestine depends, in part, upon a balance between direct stimulatory effects and reflex inhibitory effects.
The Effect of Ammonia on Growth and Reproduction of Pilobolus Kleinii

The weight of mycelium and the numbers of trophocysts and zygospores produced by Pilobolus kleinii were greatly increased when certain concentrations of ammonium ion were added to a basal medium wh...
Canada's East Asian Transplants Reach Maturity Rewards and Perils

Most East Asian auto transplants in North America are now a quarter-century or more old. This perspective should now allow their evolution from the original post-Fordist model and their impact on surrounding local and regional economies to be subjects for comparative analysis. This article seeks to contribute to this research task by assessing one joint venture and three auto transplants—the CAMI plant in Ingersoll, Ontario, the Toyota plant in Cambridge, Ontario, the Honda plant in Alliston, Ontario, and the Hyundai plant in Bromont. Based on fieldwork and interviews in Canada in 1991 and 2004, it seeks to evaluate the promise and fulfillment and the successes and shortfalls of these four plants as instruments of work reorganization and business management and as catalysts of local and regional economic development.
Increased thymidylate synthetase activity in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant Novikoff hepatoma cells.

SummaryA fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant Novikoff hepatoma cell line, which had been previously characterized as being thy-midine kinase deficient, was shown to have elevated levels of thymidylate synthetase. The thymidylate synthetase activity in the fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant cell line was sensitive to inhibition by FdUMP to the same extent as the fluorodeoxyuridine-sen-sitive cell line.
Ionothermal Stability of Mesoporous Silica Films

We have examined the ionothermal stability of mesoporous silica films (MSFs) in four different imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) and compared it to their hydrothermal stability in liquid water. Ionothermal treatment of MSFs in anhydrous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, bromide, chloride, and thiocyanate reveals that MSFs are thermochemically stable in these ILs up to 175 °C for 24 h. Solvothermal stability of MSFs in imidazolium IL–water compositional mixtures was also investigated, and mesoporous silica is found to be stable in compositions greater than 25 mol % IL. A kinetic acceleration in MSF dissolution occurs at suitably low IL compositions relative to water for all ILs used and depends on the IL anion. Our findings suggest that anhydrous imidazolium ILs are unable to solvolytically depolymerize mesoprous silica, possibly making these better solvents than water for use with mesoporous silica.
High Quality In1-x(Gax)AsyP1-y/InP Compressive strained Quantum Well Structures Grown by LP-MOCVD

We report the results of the growth of InAsyP1-y /InP and In0.86Ga0.14As0.51P0.49/ In0.86Ga0.14As0.33P0.67 compressive strained multiple quantum wells (CSMQW) structures grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). Our studies showed high quality 1.06 µm InAs0.21P0.79/InP CSMQW structure with 6 periods can be obtained when the growth temperature is around 650°C and the pressure in the reactor is about 20 Torr. When the well thickness and composition are tuned for wavelength around 1.30 µm, the quality of this structure degrades. By employing 1.1 µm wavelength, lattice-matched InGaAsP as the barrier layers and setting the growth temperature at 600 °C, high quality 1.30 µm wavelength In0.86Ga0.14As0.51P0.49/In0.86Ga0.14As0.33P0.67 CSMQW materials with 10 periods can also be obtained. The materials were characterized with high resolution x-ray rocking curves, room and low temperature photoluminescence (PL). The 15K full-width-at-half-maximums (FWHM) of the PL peaks for 1.06 u,m InAs0.21P0.79/InP and 1.30 µm In0.86Ga0.14As0.51P0.49/In0.86Ga0.14As0.33P0.67 CSMQW structures are 5.6 meV and 4.97 meV, respectively, which are among the smallest FWHMs reported up to date for these kinds of MOCVD growth materials. Buried heterostructure lasers at 1.3 fim wavelength have been obtained with the CSMQWs as the active layer.
Wood: Surface Properties and Adhesion

Wood surface properties and adhesion are dominated by its anatomical, chemical, and physical characteristics. Wood can be categorized as a heterogeneous bio-polymer foam composite composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives. The differences among wood species as a function of anatomy, chemistry, or physical properties reinforce its description as having a heterogeneous nature. Because of the complex nature of wood structure and the myriad types of wood species, it is difficult to make sweeping generalizations about the surface properties of wood. It should be emphasized that although there are some surface property behaviors that are similar among different wood species, it is usually prudent to learn about the specific species of wood being adhesively bonded.
ORGANIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN YEAST

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequence of a segment of mitochondrial DNA included between positions 79 and 87 of the wild type physical map has been determined. Even though the entire segment consists of over 5,000 base pairs, it contains only two discernible genes: the ATPase proteolipid (subunit 9) and a seryl-tRNA. The remainder of the DNA consists of long stretches rich in A+T (95%) plus numerous 30-70 nucleotide long sequences that have a very high content of G+C. The role of these distinct DNA regions and their significance in understanding the evolution of the mitochondrial genome are evaluated.
Why Narrative Ads Work: An Integrated Process Explanation

We propose and test an integrated process explanation for why narrative ads in general are more persuasive than non-narrative ads. A study involving a random sample of 25 narrative and 25 non-narrative TV commercials and 484 nonstudent research participants confirmed that a set of four process variables—emotive response, ad hedonic value, ad credibility, and perceived goal facilitation—collectively mediate the positive effects of narrative (versus non-narrative) ads on attitude toward the ad (Aad) and brand attitudes. The results also supported moderated mediation processes, with type of featured product and product involvement as important moderators. Implications for theory as well as practice are discussed.
Influence of Postbuild Microstructure on the Electrochemical Behavior of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

The additive manufacturing build process produces a segregated microstructure with significant variations in composition and phases that are uncommon in traditional wrought materials. As such, the relationship between the postbuild microstructure and the corrosion resistance is not well understood. Stainless steel alloy 17-4 precipitation hardened (SS17-4PH) is an industrially relevant alloy for applications requiring high strength and good corrosion resistance. A series of potentiodynamic scans conducted in a deaerated 0.5-mol/L NaCl solution evaluated the influence of these microstructural differences on the pitting behavior of SS17-4. The pitting potentials were found to be higher in the samples of additively processed material than in the samples of the alloy in wrought form. This indicates that the additively processed material is more resistant to localized corrosion and pitting in this environment than is the wrought alloy. The results also suggest that after homogenization, the additively produced SS17-4 could be more resistant to pitting than the wrought SS17-4 is in an actual service environment.
Carotid Body Tumor Resection: Just as Safe without Preoperative Embolization

Background Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare entities for which surgical resection remains the gold standard. Given their hypervascularity, preoperative embolization is often used; however, controversy exists over whether a benefit is associated. Proponents of embolization argue that it minimizes blood loss and complications. Critics argue that cost and stroke outweigh benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of embolization on outcomes following CBT resection. Methods Patients undergoing CBT resection were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database for 5 states between 2006 and 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups: carotid body tumor resection alone (CBTR) and carotid body tumor resection with preoperative arterial embolization (CBETR). Descriptive statistics were calculated using arithmetic means with standard deviations for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Patients were propensity score matched on the basis of sex, age, race, insurance, and comorbidity prior to analysis. Risk-adjusted odds of mortality, stroke, nerve injury, blood loss, and length of stay (LOS) were calculated using mixed-effects regression models with fixed effects for age, race, sex, and comorbidities. Results A total of 547 patients were identified. Of these, 472 patients underwent CBTR and 75 underwent CBETR. Mean age was 54.7 ± 16 years. Mean number of days between embolization and resection was 0.65 ± 0.72 days (range 0–3). When compared with CBTR, there were no significant differences in mortality for CBETR (1.35% vs. 0%, P = 0.316), cranial nerve injury (2.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.48), and blood loss (2.7% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.245). Following risk adjustment, CBETR increased the odds of prolonged LOS (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 2.1–13.3). Conclusions CBT resection is a relatively rare procedure. The utility of preoperative tumor embolization has been questioned. This study demonstrates no benefit of preoperative tumor embolization.
Alignment of inducible vascular progenitor cells on a micro-bundle scaffold improves cardiac repair following myocardial infarction

Ischemic heart disease is still the leading cause of death even with the advancement of pharmaceutical therapies and surgical procedures. Early vascularization in the ischemic heart is critical for a better outcome. Although stem cell therapy has great potential for cardiovascular regeneration, the ideal cell type and delivery method of cells have not been resolved. We tested a new approach of stem cell therapy by delivery of induced vascular progenitor cells (iVPCs) grown on polymer micro-bundle scaffolds in a rat model of myocardial infarction. iVPCs partially reprogrammed from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) had potent angiogenic potential and were able to simultaneously differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ECs in 2D culture. Under hypoxic conditions, iVPCs also secreted angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A longitudinal micro-scaffold made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) was sufficient for the growth and delivery of iVPCs. Co-cultured ECs and SMCs aligned well on the micro-bundle scaffold similarly as in the vessels. 3D cell/polymer micro-bundles formed by iVPCs and micro-scaffolds were transplanted into the ischemic myocardium in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) with ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Our in vivo data showed that iVPCs on the micro-bundle scaffold had higher survival, and better retention and engraftment in the myocardium than free iVPCs. iVPCs on the micro-bundles promoted better cardiomyocyte survival than free iVPCs. Moreover, iVPCs and iVPC/polymer micro-bundles treatment improved cardiac function (ejection fraction and fractional shortening, endocardial systolic volume) measured by echocardiography, increased vessel density, and decreased infarction size [endocardial and epicardial infarct (scar) length] better than untreated controls at 8 weeks after MI. We conclude that iVPCs grown on a polymer micro-bundle scaffold are new promising approach for cell-based therapy designed for cardiovascular regeneration in ischemic heart disease.
Creativity in the Outcomes of Conflict

How does creativity play out in social conflict? Just like Mark Twain's observation about difference of opinion and interesting horse races, it is difference of interest, and how difference is handled, that makes interesting solutions to social conflict. If creativity is applied to the handling of differences, the outcome might very well be a mutually beneficial, integrative agreement; but just as well, creativity can be applied to contentiousness, pursuit of selfish interests, and asymmetric outcomes. In this chapter, my focus is on creativity in the service of developing mutually beneficial, integrative agreements.
Pride and punishment: Entitled people's self‐promoting values motivate hierarchy‐restoring retribution

What is the purpose of punishment? The current research shows that for entitled people—those with inflated self-worth—justice is about maintaining societal hierarchies. Entitled people more strongly hold self-enhancing values (power and achievement; Studies 1 and 3). They are also more likely, when thinking about justice for offenders, to adopt a hierarchy-based justice orientation: perceptions that crime threatens hierarchies, motives to restore those hierarchies, and support for retribution (Studies 2 and 3). Further, the relationship of entitlement to justice orientation is mediated by self-enhancing values when entitlement is measured (Study 3) and manipulated (Studies 4, 5 and 6). Together these studies suggest that entitlement—and the resultant preoccupation with one's status—facilitates a view of justice as a hierarchy-based transaction: one where criminal offenders and their victims exchange power and status. These findings reveal the self-enhancing and hierarchy-focused nature of entitlement, as well as the roots of retribution in concerns about status, power, and hierarchies.
Mn K-edge X-ray absorption studies of mononuclear Mn(III)–hydroxo complexes

Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were performed on the solid- and solution-phase samples of [MnII(dpaqR)](OTf) (R=H, Me) and [MnIII(OH)(dpaqR)](OTf). The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data show distinct differences between the MnII and MnIII–OH complexes, with fits providing metric parameters in excellent agreement with values from X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT) computations. Evaluation of the EXAFS data for solid-phase [MnIII(OH)(dpaq)](OTf) resolved a short Mn–OH bond distance of 1.79 A; however, the short trans-amide nitrogen bond of the supporting ligand precluded the resolution of the Mn–OH bond distance in the corresponding solution-phase sample and for both [MnIII(OH)(dpaqMe)](OTf) samples. The edge energy also increases by approximately 2 eV from the MnII to the MnIII–OH complexes. Experimental pre-edge analysis shows the MnII complexes to have pre-edge areas comparable to the MnIII–OH complexes, despite the presence of the relatively short Mn–OH distance. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations illustrate that Mn 3d–4p mixing, a primary contributor to pre-edge intensities, decreases by ~ 0.3% from the MnII to MnIII–OH complexes, which accounts for the very similar pre-edge areas. Collectively, this work shows that combined EXAFS and XANES analysis has great potential for identification of reactive MnIII–OH intermediates, such as those proposed in enzyme active sites.
A Review of Current Literature on Vital Sign Assessment of Physical Activity in Primary Care.

Purpose To conduct an integrated review of the performance and implementation of two physical activity (PA) assessment tools, the exercise vital sign (EVS) and the physical activity vital sign (PAVS), in U.S. primary care practice. Design An integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl's methodology. Methods Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched. Search terms were “exercise vital sign” OR “physical activity vital sign” AND “primary care”. Additional inclusion criteria were studies conducted in the United States, published in English, in primary care, between 2010 and 2016. Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported validity data of the EVS tool, while four studies reported data from the PAVS tool. Compared with the accelerometer, the EVS tool overestimated moderate-vigorous PA, while the PAVS tool demonstrated moderate agreement in identifying those not meeting national PA guidelines. The EVS tool was successfully implemented in large, integrated practices utilizing electronic health record systems. PA documentation increased compared to non-EVS practices. The predictive ability of the PAVS tool for clinical outcomes was shown. Studies of PA assessment tool use in children were not found. Conclusions Preliminary evidence on the validity of both the EVS and PAVS tools support cautious use of each as a screening tool in primary care. There were no data on reliability, with limited data on tool use in diverse populations or settings. Data in children, older adults, and diverse population subgroups were lacking. Clinical Relevance Two brief exercise vital signs tools have each shown some initial validity for use by primary care clinicians as measures to identify patients not meeting PA guidelines.
Crown Sensitivity of the Magnetic Recording Head Gimbal Assembly Bonded by a Viscoelastic Adhesive

The temperature excursions inside a magnetic recording disk drive can be as much as 20 to 60°C. When subjected to these temperature changes, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the ceramic slider and the stainless steel suspension causes bending. This thermal bending is mediated by the viscoelastic properties of the polymeric adhesive attaching the slider and the suspension. We employ the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle to model thermal bending. We calculate thermal bending up to 30 nm for a high-modulus adhesive and only 0.8 nm for a low-modulus adhesive over typical temperature variations. The low-modulus adhesive exhibited remarkable time-dependent oscillations during a successive ramp-and-hold temperature profile. These oscillations are expected to be a general phenomenon that should be observed under similar conditions of length, time, temperature, and mechanical properties of the bonded beams and adhesive. The calculated rate of temperature-dependent thermal bending was in good agreement with that measured on actual magnetic recording head gimbal assemblies. This is the first analysis that employs a viscoelastic adhesive model and the correspondence principle to describe slider crown phenomenon.
Comparison of flow and gas washout characteristics between pressure control and high-frequency percussive ventilation using a test lung.

OBJECTIVE A comparison between flow and gas washout data for high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) and pressure control ventilation (PCV) under similar conditions is currently not available. This bench study aims to compare and describe the flow and gas washout behavior of HFPV and PCV in a newly designed experimental setup and establish a framework for future clinical and animal studies. APPROACH We studied gas washout behavior using a newly designed experimental setup that is motivated by the multi-breath nitrogen washout measurements. In this procedure, a test lung was filled with nitrogen gas before it was connected to a ventilator. Pressure, volume, and oxygen concentrations were recorded under different compliance and resistance conditions. PCV was compared with two settings of HFPV, namely, HFPV-High and HFPV-Low, to simulate the different variations in its clinical application. In the HFPV-Low mode, the peak pressures and drive pressures of HFPV and PCV are matched, whereas in the HFPV-High mode, the mean airway pressures (MAP) are matched. MAIN RESULTS HFPV-Low mode delivers smaller tidal volume (V T) as compared to PCV under all lung conditions, whereas HFPV-High delivers a larger V T. HFPV-High provides rapid washout as compared to PCV under all lung conditions. HFPV-Low takes a longer time to wash out nitrogen except at a low compliance, where it expedites washout at a smaller V T and MAP compared to PCV washout. SIGNIFICANCE Various flow parameters for HFPV and PCV are mathematically defined. A shorter washout time at a small V T in low compliant test lungs for HFPV could be regarded as a hypothesis for lung protective ventilation for animal or human lungs.
First Detailed Anatomical Study of Bonobos Reveals Intra-Specific Variations and Exposes Just-So Stories of Human Evolution, Bipedalism, and Tool Use

Just-so stories are prominent in human evolution literature because of our tendency to create simple progressionist narratives about our 'special' place in nature, despite the fact that these stories are almost exclusively based on hard tissue data. How can we be so certain about the evolution of human facial communication, bipedalism, tool use, or speech without detailed knowledge of the internal anatomy of, for instance, one of the two extant species more closely related to us, the bonobos? Here I show how many of these stories now become obsolete, after such a comprehensive knowledge on the anatomy of bonobos and other primates is finally put together. Each and every muscle that has been long accepted to be 'uniquely human' and to provide 'crucial singular functional adaptations' for our bipedalism, tool use and/or vocal/facial communication, is actually present as an intra-specific variant or even as normal phenotype in bonobos and/or other apes.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Poststroke Outpatient Rehabilitation Among Veterans

Objective To examine racial/ethnic differences in the use of poststroke outpatient rehabilitation in veterans. Methods We examined data from 4115 veterans with a diagnosis of stroke who were seen at a VA Medical Center in the southeastern United States. We compared the receipt of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) evaluations, visits, and procedures among 3 racial/ethnic groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent effect of race/ethnicity on the receipt of a PT or OT evaluation and Poisson regression to estimate the effect of race/ethnicity on treatment visits and procedures received. Results In univariate comparisons, a higher proportion of blacks received PT and OT evaluations than whites and others. Similarly, blacks received a higher mean number of PT/ OT treatments than whites and others. In multivariate logistic models with whites as reference, blacks were more likely to receive PT evaluations (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.74) and OT evaluations (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.51). In multivariate Poisson models with whites as reference, blacks received more PT/OT visits (OR, 7.22; 95% CI, 5.95-8.76) than non-Hispanic whites (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 4.41-6.33), while others received fewer visits (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 3.58-5.39) than the reference group. No significant differences were observed across groups in the number of procedures completed during each treatment visit. Conclusions In an equal-access system, blacks were more likely to receive outpatient PT/OT evaluations and higher mean number of PT/OT treatments. Future studies need to examine sociodemographic and disease-specific factors that account for these differences.
A Description of a Catalogue of Bright uvbyβ Standard Stars

A description is given of an all-sky catalogue of bright standard stars for the uvbyβ photometric systems.
Science and Analysis

Decisions with consequences for human health, safety, and the environment are made by consumers in the marketplace, by workers in the factory, by business executives in production decisions, by administrators of regulatory agencies, and by ordinary citizens in their daily lives. In most cases these decisions are based primarily on common sense, ordinary knowledge, and nonscientific analysis. It is frequently impossible to identify any single decision maker as decisions evolve out of dynamic processes of social interaction. Interaction refers to, say, the simple communication between a consumer and seller as well as the complex bargaining between adversaries in an environmental dispute. All people participate in such interactive decision making about risks in their daily lives even though they do not think about it as “social interaction.”
An EWMA control chart for categorical processes with applications to social network monitoring

Statistical process monitoring (SPM) has traditionally been applied to manufacturing processes; however, more recent developments highlight its application to social networks. We propose a network ...
Minimally non-local nucleon-nucleon potentials with chiral two-pion exchange including Δ’s

A coordinate-space nucleon-nucleon potential is constructed in chiral effective field theory (χ EFT) retaining pions, nucleons and Δ-isobars as explicit degrees of freedom. The calculation of the potential is carried out by including one- and two-pionexchange contributions up to next-to-next-to-leading order (N2LO) and contact interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO). The low-energy constants multiplying these contact interactions are fitted to the 2013 Granada database in the laboratory-energy range 0–300 MeV.
Modeling the Effect of the 2018 Revised ACGIH® Hand Activity Threshold Limit Value® (TLV) at Reducing Risk for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

AbstractRecent studies have shown the 2001 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) Threshold Limit Value (TLV®) for Hand Activity was not sufficiently protective for work...
Remembering Dr. Rowena Spencer (1922-2014).

Abstract Rowena Spencer (1922–2014) was the country's first woman pediatric surgeon. She was one of four women in her medical school class at Johns Hopkins (1943–1947), the first woman intern in surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital working under Alfred Blalock (1947–1948), the first woman to train in pediatric surgery at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia working under C. Everett Koop (1948–1949), the first woman to complete a surgery residency at Charity Hospital in New Orleans (1953), and the first woman to join the surgery faculty at Louisiana State University in New Orleans (1953). She was an expert on conjoined twins, writing a substantial text on the subject. She died in Alexandria, Virginia, in 2014 at the age of 91. This biographical essay, written by a patient, shares a family's memories of Spencer over a period of nearly 6 decades. It also shares her reflections on her patients, her career, and the profession of pediatric surgery.
Engineering nanoscale polarization at the SrTiO3/Ge interface

Abstract The ability to manipulate electric polarization at reduced dimension has recently generated intense research interests. Here, we report the engineering of interfacial ferroelectricity by the monolithic integration of a single crystalline SrTiO3 (STO) film on a germanium Ge(001) substrate. A combination of nonlinear optical measurements, microstructural analyses, and phase-field simulations provide evidences of room-temperature ferroelectricity in the epitaxial STO ultrathin film. We show that the collective atomic displacements of Ti near the STO/Ge interface are responsible for the generation of an in-plane ferroelectric polarization. An a1/a2 domain pattern with a stable net polarization along the [110] in-plane direction is revealed.
First report of the stubby-root nematode Nanidorus minor infecting Paspalum vaginatum, seashore paspalum grass in Georgia, USA

We found that Nanidorus spp. was pathogenic to seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) turfgrass as its population increased from 100 to 2,080 nematodes per pot 180 days after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Morphological measurements of adult females were similar to those described for N. minor. Molecular analysis also confirmed the morphological identification by targeting three different regions of the genomic DNA. Three primer pairs targeting 18S rDNA (360F/932R), 28S rDNA (D2A/D3B) and ITS1 rDNA (BL18/5818) were used in singleplex PCR. Forward and reverse sequences of each individual primer set were then subjected to multiple alignment and the complimentary sequences were assembled into a consensus sequence. Upon nucleotide blast on the NCBI website, they were all confirmed to be N. minor. A one-step multiplex PCR method using specific primers and a fragment size of 190 bp also confirmed the identity of N. minor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. minor infecting seashore paspalum turfgrass in Georgia.
Validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale in Pediatric Patients

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) is a disease specific quality of life instrument developed and validated in adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the NOSE scale for pediatric nasal obstruction. We also examined the effect of septoplasty with bilateral inferior turbinate reduction in this population. STUDY DESIGN A validation study at a tertiary care children's hospital. METHODS Thirty-eight pediatric patients who underwent septoplasty and bilateral inferior turbinate reduction between 2014 and 2018 were included. Patients were administered the NOSE instrument on the day of their clinic evaluation, the day of surgery, and at their 6 to 8-week post-operative appointment. A sample of 40 pediatric patients with non-rhinologic complaints was also included. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the NOSE instrument. RESULTS Of the 78 patients included, the mean age was 15.4 years (SD 3.4). In the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings were all significant and ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. Internal consistency reliability using Omega and maximal reliability H indices were well above recommended standards (Omega = 0.983 and maximal H = 0.988). Test-retest reliability was also adequate. Mean NOSE scores significantly improved following surgery (from 96.7 [SD 6.2] to 8.8 [SD 7.8]; mean difference = -87.9; 95% CI: -84.5, -91.3; P < .001). Similar improvements were observed across age groups. CONCLUSIONS The NOSE scale is a valid and reliable quality of life instrument for pediatric patients with nasal obstruction. Nasal septoplasty with bilateral turbinate reduction substantially improved symptoms of nasal obstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2594-E2598, 2021.