cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin is safe in patients with pelvic fracture managed nonoperatively

Abstract Introduction Early initiation of thromboprophylaxis is highly desired in pelvic fracture patients, but it is often delayed due to the fear of hemorrhage. Aim of our study was to assess the safety of early initiation of venous thromboprophylaxis in patients with pelvic trauma managed nonoperatively. Methods Three-year (2010-2012) retrospective study of trauma patients with pelvic fractures who were managed nonoperatively and received thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Patients were stratified in two groups based on the timing of initiation of prophylaxis; early (initiation within first 24 h) and late (after 24 h). Primary outcome measures included decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, number of packed red blood cell (pRBC) units transfused, and the need for hemorrhage control (operative or angioembolization) after initiation of prophylaxis. Regression analysis was performed. Results 255 patients were included (158 in early and 97 in late group). Mean ± standard deviation age was 48.2 ± 23.3 y, and 50.6% were male. After adjusting for confounders, there was no difference between the two groups in the decrease in Hb levels (b = 0.087, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.253 to 1.025; P = 0.23) or pRBC units transfused (b = −0.005, 95% CI = −0.366 to 0.364; P = 0.75).One patient required hemorrhage control postprophylaxis and belonged to the late group. Subanalysis of patients with signs of bleeding (n = 52) showed no difference between the two groups in the decrease in Hb levels or pRBC units transfused. Patients who received LMWH after 24 h had a higher incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and a longer hospital length of stay. Conclusions Early initiation of thromboprophylaxis with LMWH in patients with pelvic fractures managed nonoperatively is safe and decreases the risk of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis.
Phytoecdysteroid-enriched quinoa seed leachate enhances healthspan and mitochondrial metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) phytochemicals have exhibited metabolic benefit in mammals, though their effects on aging and mechanisms of action remain unknown. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a practical in vivo model to study bioactivity since major metabolic pathways are conserved across phyla. We explored the effects of phytoecdysteroid-enriched quinoa seed preparation, termed quinoa leachate (QL), on behavioral and biochemical endpoints of wild-type C. elegans health. QL treatment (1.0 mg/mL or less) increased median lifespan from 9 to 11 d, improved locomotory performance from 103.5 to 114.9 head thrashes/min, and enhanced basal respiration rate by 37%. QL also reduced advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pigments by 24%, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 20%, and body fat by 14%. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20HE), the primary phytoecdysteroid in QL, conferred statistically similar benefit compared to QL at equivalent doses. Data suggest that quinoa supplementation slows C. elegans aging and improves metabolic health, and 20HE is the primary bioactive constituent responsible for favorable effects.
Looking forward: envisioning the immediate future of instructional communication research

This entry represents the final forum under the current editorial leadership. Throughout Jon’s term as editor, we have used forums to encourage visionary thinking in the field. In many cases, these...
Abstract WP103: ABCA1/HDL Signaling Pathway Mediates White Matter Remodeling and Improves Functional Outcome After Stroke

The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a critical role in the formation of brain HDL cholesterol, mainly from astrocytes. Specific brain ABCA1 deficient (ABCA1-B/-B) mice exhibit red...
Temporally Constant and Temporally Changing Spatial Memory: Single Unit Correlates in the Hippocampus

Every activity of an individual occurs in a given place and at a given time. Furthermore, many of the events that happen in a place change from time to time, occur in repeated and predictable patterns, and range from highly beneficial to very dangerous. Remembering these temporally changing patterns of events can help an Individual be in the right place at the right time (Olton, 1985).
Japan–China relations in the modern era

This work by four of Japan’s most respected and prolific scholars makes an important contribution to the scholarship on modern and contemporary Sino-Japanese relations and will be a must-read for a...
Application of Thermodynamic Calculations to Geochemical Processes Involving Organic Acids

This chapter summarizes some of the insights gained about the behavior of organic acids in geochemical processes through thermodynamic calculations. Such calculations are possible because of the combination of numerous experimental studies on aqueous organic acids and theoretical equations of state, which allow accurate extrapolations of the measurements as well as predictions of thermodynamic properties of aqueous organic acids for which data have not been measured. Estimates of thermodynamic data for aqueous organic acids allow quantitative tests of several hypotheses concerning the role of organic acids in geochemical processes. For example, thermodynamic calculations described in this chapter indicate that decarboxylation of organic acids is unlikely to proceed to any significant extent under sedimentary basin conditions. At the partial pressures of CO2 and CH4 associated with oil-field brines, equilibrium constants for the decarboxylation of acetic acid require the acid concentrations to be many orders of magnitude lower than reported values.
Why Ratan Fell in Love Unnoticed and Why Ashu was Ashamed: Tagore’s Short Fiction and the Ethics of Feeling

This essay begins with general reflections on the cognitive and affective structures and processes that give rise to stories in the minds of authors. Turning to Tagore, it seeks to isolate some of the narrative, emotional, and ethical properties that characterize his stories. The central argument is that many of Tagore’s short narratives are guided by a sort of “proto-story” that involves standard narrative elements—crucially, attachment bonding and the disruption of attachment bonding—as well as recurring ethical principles. The key Tagorean virtues in this proto-story are what may be called “attachment sensitivity” and “attachment openness.” The former is an enhanced, effortful empathy with other people’s attachment vulnerabilities; the latter is a willingness to experience attachment vulnerability oneself.
Mechanisms of Specific Nutrients in the Prevention of Cancer

Many dietary intervention protocols for cancer prevention have been proposed, often with little justification. However, in recent years our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, has increased enormously and we are now in a position to propose dietary interventions with a solidly rational basis, and to devise rational procedures for their rapid evaluation. In this presentation I will discuss the mechanism of action of three specific nutrients in the prevention of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, namely ascorbic acid in the primary prevention of gastric cancer and calcium supplements or caecal acidification in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer. In both cancers it will first be necessary to review the state of our current knowledge of the mechanism of carcinogenesis, in order to be able to put the role of the specific nutrient into context.
A simple supported tubulated bilayer system for evaluating protein-mediated membrane remodeling

Fusion and fission of cellular membranes involve dramatic, protein-mediated changes in membrane curvature. Many of the experimental methods useful for investigating curvature sensing or generation require specialized equipment. We have developed a system based on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) in which lipid tubules are simple to produce and several types of membrane remodeling events can be readily imaged using widely available instrumentation (e.g., tubule fission and/or membrane budding). Briefly, high ionic strength during lipid bilayer deposition results in incorporation of excess lipids in the SLB. After sequentially washing with water and physiological ionic strength buffer solutions, lipid tubules form spontaneously. We find that tubule formation results from solution-dependent spreading of the SLB; washing from water into physiological ionic strength buffer solution leads to expansion of the bilayer and formation of tubules. Conversely, washing from physiological buffer into water results in contraction of the membrane and loss of tubules. We demonstrate the utility of these supported tubulated bilayers, termed "STuBs," with an investigation of Sar1B, a small Ras family G-protein known to influence membrane curvature. The addition of Sar1B to STuBs results in dramatic changes in tubule topology and eventual tubule fission. Overall, STuBs are a simple experimental system, useful for monitoring protein-mediated effects on membrane topology in real time, under physiologically relevant conditions.
Sparse Detector Configuration in SiPM Digital Photon Counting PET: a Feasibility Study

To investigate the minimum number of SiPM detectors required for solid-state digital photon counting (DPC) oncologic whole-body 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT). A DPC PET/CT (Vereos, Philips) with 23,040 1-to-1 crystal-to-detector couplings was utilized. [18F]FDG PET/CT of a uniformity phantom and 10 oncology patients selected by block randomization from a large clinical trial were included (457 ± 38 MBq, 64 ± 22 min p.i, body mass index (BMI) of 14–41). Sparse-ring PET configurations with 50 % detector reduction in tangential and axial directions were analyzed and compared to the current full ring configuration. Resulting images were reviewed blindly and quantitatively over detectable lesions and the liver. One hundred twelve lesions (d = 10 to 95 mm) were analyzed in the patient population. All lesions remained visible and were demonstrated without compromised image quality under all BMIs in the 50 % sparse detector configurations despite the DPC PET system sensitivity reduction to 1/4th. An excellent consistency of SUVmax measurements of lesions with an average of 5 % SUVmax difference was found between dPET of full and sparse configurations. The feasibility of either expanding the axial field of view (FOV) by a factor of two or halving the number of detectors was demonstrated for solid-state digital photon counting PET, thus either potentially enabling cost reduction or extended effective axial FOV without increased cost.
Synthesizing Aquinas and Newman on religion

In this paper I carry out a philosophical inquiry that yields an account of religion as a personal disposition. This exercise is also expository, since I take my bearings from two thinkers, Thomas Aquinas and John Henry Newman. Regarding Aquinas, this means delineating his treatment of the virtue of ‘religio’ in the ‘Summa theologiae’; regarding Newman, it means attending to his description of the experience of being religious in ‘Grammar of Assent’. The resulting account captures both the “objective face” of being religious as well as its “subjective inscape,” thus depicting religion as a human perfection imperfectly realized in any given individual.
Acquisition of pedagogical knowledge by instructors of veterinary medicine

Background: When practitioners of veterinary medicine enter academia as faculty or clinical instructors, they are asked to perform research, provide service and outreach, and educate students, yet the teaching component is a struggle for many. It has been posited that academic clinicians develop a teaching style similar to those they observed while in school but this has not been confirmed with empirical evidence. Aim: The aim of this research was to determine how veterinary instructors obtained pedagogical knowledge prior to their faculty appointment. Setting: The sample consisted of veterinary faculty at a college of veterinary medicine from the southeastern United States. The land-grant university that the veterinary school is associated with is one of only a few schools to earn both research and community engagement rankings from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Methods: Online surveys were administered to a stratified sample of veterinary faculty and instructors. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to collect and analyse both close-ended and open-ended data. A coding process provided labels for emerging themes, concepts and examples and each research question was answered with descriptive detail. Results: Descriptive results showed that most instructors (93%) did not receive formal teacher training but derived their pedagogical knowledge from role models prior to teaching. Many faculty members (70%) attended university-sponsored workshops offered by their institutions to build upon and improve their teaching skills. Conclusion: Overarching themes reflected observational learning in situ and a general emphasis on non-cognitive skill development, particularly regarding interpersonal skills.
Lyda Fontes McCartin and Rachel Dineen. Toward a Critical-Inclusive Assessment Practice for Library Instruction . Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2018. 149p. Paper. $18.00 (ISBN: 978-1-63400-035-2). LC: Z711.25.C65 M37.

One of the core learning outcomes that information literacy (IL) instructors aim to help their students achieve is to interrogate the credibility of information. Part of that process is to recognize the credibility of authors who have acquired valid information through experience and education; another part is to question hegemonic pressures in effect in the information dissemination ecosystem. Toward a Critical-Inclusive Assessment Practice for Library Instruction seeks to outline assessment methods for helping students learn both of these lessons. Information-literate individuals recognize gaps in their knowledge. Students come to educational institutions with gaps in their knowledge, which library instructors must help them to recognize and fill. However, students also have knowledge of themselves as learners that library instructors do not possess. This book outlines assessment processes for library instructors to fill the gaps in their knowledge of their students.
Quantitative control analysis of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex activity by feedback inhibition

The potential for branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex (BCOADC) activity to be controlled by feedback inhibition was investigated by calculating the Elasticity Coefficients for several feedback inhibitors. We suggest that feedback inhibition is a quantitatively important regulatory mechanism by which branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity is regulated. The potential for control of enzyme activity is greater for NADH than for the acyl-CoA products, and suggests that factors that alter the redox potential may physiologically regulate BCOADC activity through a feedback inhibitory mechanism in vivo. Local pH may also be an important regulatory control factor.
“Magic Relation” Between the Structures of Coexisting Phases at a First-Order Phase Transition in a Hard Sphere System

In the statistical geometry of a hard sphere system of any number of dimensions, V o and S o, the so-called available space and the area of the interface between the available and unavailable space, respectively, can be used as surrogates for chemical potential and pressure. It is shown exactly that, if a first-order transition occurs, the relation dV o/dS o=−σ/2D, where σ is the diameter of a sphere and D is the dimensionality of the system, must hold for densities in the phase coexistence region. This relation is remarkable in that −σ/2D is the ratio of the volume to the surface area of a sphere. Also, it is shown that it is possible for the system to have two successive first-order transitions, but that the occurrence of a continuous transition (even in two dimensions) is unlikely. It is argued that this unlikelihood is substantially strengthened by the absence of temperature (except as a trivial factor) as a variable in hard-sphere systems. This suggests that the findings of the KTHNY theory, recent simulations, and colloid experiments (specialized to “sticky” hard disks) can be extended to true hard disks. The fundamental physics underlying the “magic relation” is yet to be exposed. The author continues to search for the underlying reason and hopes that the present paper will stimulate others to join the search.
Food Insecurity among Students in Six Health Professions' Training Programs.

This study examines food insecurity in a novel population: health professions students. Their academic success has a unique impact on our nation’s future health care system. We administered a 39-qu...
Charge Imbalance Relaxation as a Probe of Anisotropic Heavy Fermion Superconductors

A quasiparticle charge imbalance [1,2] measures the net charge associated with the electron and hole-like quasiparticle branches in a superconductor.A non-zero charge imbalance is created in a superconductor by injecting a current across the insulating barrier of a superconductor insulator normal metal (SIN) junction. The charge imbalance decays by converting into condensate charge with a relaxation time τR(T) [3,4,5] which is determined by the various pairbreaking processes in the superconductor and by the tunnelling of excitations back across the junction into the normal metal [6]. The latter is described by an inelastic scattering rate 1/τ TUN and results in a rise in the junction resistance R(T) as the temperature is increased up to Tc. The excess junction resistance can be studied to yield a variety of information about the superconductor [7,8,9]
Laparoscopic Gravid Hysterectomy for Placenta Accreta at 19 Weeks Gestation

Study Objective To determine if laparoscopic approach to gravid hysterectomy for placenta accreta is a safe alternative to traditional open abdominal route. Design Case report. Setting Gynecology operating room. Patients or Participants A 36-year-old G3P2002 at 19w0d with history of 2 prior cesarean sections presented with undesired pregnancy and placenta previa with suspected placenta accreta. She was consented for laparoscopic gravid hysterectomy, with possible conversion to open abdominal approach. Interventions Total laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, vaginal uterine morcellation, and evacuation of intact fetus Measurements and Main Results The patient was taken to the operating room, where double set up was prepared for both laparoscopic and abdominal approach to hysterectomy. Exam under anesthesia revealed a 20-week gravid uterus. She was positioned in low lithotomy position. Five laparoscopic ports were placed. A sacrocolpopexy cup was placed in the vagina to delineate the vaginal fornices; no tip was placed through the cervix due to placenta previa. The operating room table was airplaned side to side to assist uterine manipulation. A bariatric 45 degree laparoscope aided visualization. The hysterectomy was completed in usual fashion with a bipolar sealing device. After the colpotomy was completed, the uterus was placed in a tissue extraction bag. Strings attached to the bag were grasped with a ring forcep placed vaginally, and the bag was delivered through the vagina. The uterus was morcellated in the bag, amniotomy was performed, and the fetus was delivered intact. The vaginal cuff was closed, and cystoscopy performed. Total estimated blood loss was 50 mL. The patient discharged on post-operative day one. Final surgical pathology confirmed placenta accreta. Conclusion Laparoscopic gravid hysterectomy is a safe alternative to abdominal approach in the setting of placenta accreta, with decreased blood loss, shorter length of stay, and faster recovery.
An integrative and conjugative element encodes an abortive infection system to protect host cells from predation by a bacteriophage

Bacteriophages and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, a.k.a. conjugative transposons) are mobile genetic elements that can move from one bacterial cell to another and often coexist in a host genome. Many bacterial species contain at least one temperate (lysogenic) phage and an integrative and conjugative element. Most strains of Bacillus subtilis are lysogenic for the phage SP{beta} and also contain the integrative and conjugative element ICEBs1. We found that the presence of ICEBs1 in cells inhibited production of SP{beta}, during both activation of a lysogen and following de novo infection. The ICEBs1 gene yddK (renamed spbK for SP{beta} killing) was both necessary and sufficient for the anti-SP{beta} activity. Co-expression of spbK and yonE, in the absence of other ICEBs1 and SP{beta} genes, resulted in inhibition of cell growth and loss of cell viability. These results indicate that together spbK and yonE affected a host process needed for normal growth and that spbK constitutes an abortive infection system. We found that this anti-SP{beta} phenotype protected populations of B. subtilis from predation by SP{beta}, likely providing selective pressure for the maintenance of ICEBs1 in B. subtilis populations. spbK encodes a TIR (Toll-interleukin-1 receptor)-domain protein with similarity to both plant antiviral proteins and animal innate immune signaling proteins. We postulate that selective many uncharacterized cargo genes in ICEs may confer selective advantage to cells by protecting against other mobile elements.
Theorizing Gender Power and Gendered Institutions: Sexual Harassment and Resistance to Feminist Activism

Suggesting that the #MeToo movement echoes feminist mobilization in the 1970s to conceptualize sexploitation, sex abuse, sexual coercion, sexual extortion, sexual intimidation, and sexual harassment as gender-based injustices, Hawkesworth explores the difficulty of moving from identification of harms felt in the flesh and in the psyche to institutional practices designed to eradicate those harms. Through a case study of feminist efforts to create and implement a sexual harassment policy at one university in the United States, Hawkesworth examines feminist efforts to theorize and address political dimensions of private relations unrecognized by political theories or political science. She traces how sustained opposition to feminist efforts to make good on the promise of equal opportunity affords insights into the operations of gender power and contributes to a theory of gendered institutions. Deployed as a mode of theoretical analysis, gender reveals the depth of the challenge that feminist activism poses to accredited understandings of individual liberty, equality of opportunity, equal treatment, and the fiduciary responsibilities of universities. It also helps explain entrenched resistance to feminist social change efforts and cautions against naive optimism about the transformative prospects of the #MeToo movement.
Electro-Thermal Investigation of GaN Vertical Trench MOSFETs

An electro-thermal co-design study has been performed on vertical GaN transistors (oxide, GaN interlayer based vertical trench MOSFETs; OG-FETs). Vertical (GaN-on-GaN) and quasi vertical (GaN-on-sapphire) devices were investigated. Vertical devices showed a 60% lower device peak temperature rise as compared to the quasi-vertical OG-FETs. Using electro-thermal device simulation, the internal electric field and heat generation distributions within the OG-FETs were analyzed. The temperature rise of a hexagonal honeycomb structured scaled array of OG-FETs was characterized using thermoreflectance thermal imaging and infrared thermography. A 3D thermal model was used to evaluate the impact of design variables including the number of cells, the pitch between individual cells, and the aspect ratio of the array configuration on the self-heating behavior of multi-cell arrays of OG-FETs.
Recurrent COVID-19 in Hemodialysis: A Case Report of 2 Possible Reinfections.

Patients receiving in-center hemodialysis are at high risk for infections due to relative immunosuppression, limited ability to physically distance, and frequent encounters with the health care setting. This has been particularly evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe 2 patients with suspected recurrent COVID-19 infection, each with documented clearance of virus between episodes. The duration between a negative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and symptomatic reinfection was 31 and 55 days, respectively, in the 2 patients. A higher risk for infection with COVID-19 and poor outcomes if infected, including ≥20% short-term mortality risk, is worrisome in this patient population. Continued measures such as infection prevention, community outreach, and early testing may play a role in establishing protocols to protect the vulnerable dialysis population.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Mammary Tumors Reveals Distinct Patterns of Hierarchical and Subtype Heterogeneity

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) contribute to intra-tumoral heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. However, the binary concept of universal BCSCs co-existing with bulk tumor cells is over-simplified. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing, we found that Neu, PyMT, BRCA1-null, and 4T1 mammary tumors each corresponded to a spectrum of minimally overlapping cell differentiation states without a universal BCSC population. Instead, our analyses revealed that these tumors contained distinct lineage-specific BCSCs and this is reflective of the self-sustaining capabilities of lineage-specific stem/progenitor cells in the mammary epithelial hierarchy. By understanding the respective tumor hierarchies, we were able to identify CD14 as a BCSC marker in the Neu tumor. Additionally, single-cell breast cancer subtype stratification revealed the co-existence of multiple breast cancer subtypes within tumors. Collectively, our findings emphasize the need to account for lineage-specific BCSCs and the hierarchical composition within breast tumors, as these heterogenous sub-populations can have differential therapeutic susceptibilities.
Performance Improvement and Skill Transfer in Table Tennis Through Training in Virtual Reality.

Sports professionals have been increasingly using Virtual Reality (VR) for training and assessment of skill-based sports. Yet fundamental questions about the virtue of VR training for skill-based sports remain unanswered: Can the complex motor skills required in these sports be learned in VR If so, do these skills transfer to the real world We have developed a VR table tennis system that incorporates customized physics with realistic audio-visual stimuli, haptics, and motion capture to enhance VR immersion and collect information about the players posture and technique. We have assessed skill acquisition and training transfer by comparing real table tennis performance between a control group (n=7) that received no training and an experimental group (n=8) trained for five sessions in VR. Our results show a significant improvement in technique but no significant changes in the number of the returned balls in the experimental group in the real-life retention session. However, no significant differences are found in the control group. Our findings support the notion that complex skills can be learned in VR and that obtained skills can transfer to the real world. This work offers an inexpensive VR table tennis training platform, enabling effective training via real-time motor and ball returning technique feedback.
Symptom identification and management in epithelial ovarian cancer.

5554Background: A better understanding regarding the burden of treatment side effects in patients with gynecological malignancies could help guide symptom interventions and oncologic therapy decisi...
Surface Area of Decompressive Craniectomy Predicts Bone Flap Failure after Autologous Cranioplasty: A Radiographic Cohort Study

Skull bone graft failure is a potential complication of autologous cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy (DC). Our objective was to investigate the association of graft size with subsequent ...
Effectiveness of ezetimibe in human immunodeficiency virus patients treated for hyperlipidaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective Systematic review and meta-analysis of lipid outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive or HIV-infected patients treated with ezetimibe. Methods We conducted a literature search from 1946 to 2021 for trials studying the effectiveness of ezetimibe in hyperlipidaemic HIV patients. We included trials of all designs in which HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)/non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) therapy had hyperlipidaemia, were treated with ezetimibe, and reported lipid outcomes. Results Of thirteen eligible trials, five were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight were single-arm trials. Two of the eligible RCTs were placebo-controlled; we performed a meta-analysis across those two trials for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). LDL-C was significantly lower in the ezetimibe arm (net change: -23.56 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.22, -6.90 mg/dL). We then performed meta-analysis of the single-arm trials examining lipid outcomes after ezetimibe treatment which, like in the RCTs, revealed significant reductions of LDL-C (-23.89 mg/dL, 95% CI -29.94 to -17.83 mg/dL). In addition, significant reductions were seen for total cholesterol (TC) (-26.17 mg/dL, 95% CI -32.81 to -19.54 mg/dL) and TG (-18.57 mg/dL, 95% CI -34.01 to -3.14 mg/dL) but HDL-C did not show a change. Conclusions Evidence for LDL-C reduction is limited in RCTs; single-arm trial LDL-C reductions are consistent with the RCTs. In addition, significant reductions in TC and TG were also seen in the meta-analysis of the single arm trials. The single-arm trials' meta-analysis corroborates evidence from RCTs to suggest that ezetimibe can be an option for hyperlipidaemia among HIV patients with mildly elevated TC and LDL-C levels, especially in cases where statins are contra-indicated due to drug-drug interactions with concomitant anti-retroviral therapy.
The DAMOCLES Monte Carlo Device Simulation Program

The DAMOCLES program (Device Analysis using Monte Carlo et Poisson solver) brings together an advanced Monte Carlo transport model where carriers move in a self-consistent electric field, and a flexible representation of the two-dimensional device geometry and doping. The result is a single simulation code capable of treating a multitude of device types (MOSFET, MESFET, Bipolar, HEMT) and semiconductors (electrons in Si, Ge, unstrained SiGe, GaAs, InP, A1As, InAs, GaP, AlGaAs, InGaAs, GaInP; holes in Si). An associated interactive graphics package facilitates the interpretation of the simulation results.
Palytoxin down-modulates the epidermal growth factor receptor through a sodium-dependent pathway.

Abstract Palytoxin, a non-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate type tumor promoter, has been shown to inhibit epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to both high and low affinity receptors through a protein kinase C-independent pathway. In the present paper, we have investigated the mechanism of palytoxin action in Swiss 3T3 cells. Two lines of evidence indicate that calcium is not required for palytoxin activity. First, palytoxin can induce the loss of EGF binding sites in the absence of external calcium. Second, studies with the photosensitive protein aequorin indicate that palytoxin does not cause the influx of external calcium or the release of calcium from internal stores under the conditions used in these studies. However, palytoxin action does appear to be dependent upon the presence of sodium. When extracellular sodium is replaced by either choline, Tris, or sucrose, palytoxin is unable to decrease EGF binding to either high or low affinity receptors. Studies of sodium influx indicate that palytoxin induces rapid sodium uptake and that the rate of sodium uptake is dose-dependent. Furthermore, there appears to be a direct correspondence between the extent of inhibition of EGF binding by palytoxin and the rate of sodium uptake. Finally, the palytoxin-induced inhibition of EGF binding can be mimicked by monensin, a sodium ionophore. The specificity of this sodium dependence was tested by substituting lithium, potassium, or cesium for sodium. Although lithium is an effective substitute for sodium, palytoxin can no longer inhibit EGF binding when sodium is replaced by either potassium or cesium. Marked inhibition of palytoxin action is also obtained when 5.4 mM potassium or 5.4 mM cesium are added to the sodium-containing medium. These studies suggest that palytoxin is able to down-modulate the EGF receptor through a novel mechanism involving the activation or formation of a sodium pump or channel.
Reaching Consensus about Educationally Necessary Support Services: A Qualitative Evaluation of VISTA.

Abstract This article describes a qualitative evaluation of VISTA (Vermont Interdependent Services Team Approach) based on extensive observations and interviews. A description of VISTA is provided followed by data pertaining to how teams functioned prior to VISTA use and three primary evaluation questions: (a) Does VISTA do what it purports to do? (b) What impact does VISTA have on team members' practices and interactions? and (c) What are the limitations of VISTA and potential improvements from a consumer-based perspective? The data and discussion offer the reader insights into VISTA use and offer suggestions for future research.
An epidemic of aseptic meningitis syndrome due to ECHO virus type 6. III. Sequelae three years after infection.

Ninety-three patients with aseptic meningitis syndrome due to ECHO virus type 6 were evaluated 3 years following their acute infection to determine the extent of neuromuscular residua. In addition, 9 patients with aseptic meningitis due to other enteroviruses and 19 patients with paralytic poliomyelitis were similarly evaluated. Forty-four individuals with no history of central nervous system disease were studied for comparison. Residua following aseptic meningitis were minimal and fell into two categories: 1. Approximately 20% gave a history of minor changes in behavior, easy fatigability, headaches or pain, stiffness or subjective weakness of the back or legs, the onsets of which were associated with the acute illness. 2. On examination approximately 25% revealed subtle neuromuscular changes such as altered reflexes, minor weaknesses in anterior neck or trunk muscles, or slight skeletal abnormalities, particularly scoliosis. The group with no history of central nervous system disease demonstrated an appreciable, but somewhat lesser, incidence of minor neuromuscular changes, further tending to minimize the specific significance of the findings in the study group.
Introduction: Practical Reason and the Scholarship of Philip P. Frickey

On April 24, 2009, Berkeley Law held a daylong conference and gala dinner on behalf of the late Professor Philip P. Frickey. The conference produced an extraordinary set of essays, which appear in this symposium issue of the California Law Review. Although the purpose of the symposium issue is to illuminate Professor Frickey's scholarship, a few introductory words about his career seem in order. Professor Frickey graduated from the University of Kansas in 19752 and from the University of Michigan Law School in 1978, where he was editor-in-chief of the Michigan Law Review. After graduation, Professor Frickey clerked for Judge John Minor Wisdom of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court. He then practiced law for a couple years in Washington, D.C., before joining the faculty of the University of Minnesota Law School, where he taught for seventeen years. He joined the Berkeley Law faculty in 2000. He was appointed to the Alexander F. and May T. Morrison Chair in 2007, and held that chair until his
Recovery-Sensitive Counseling in the Treatment of Alcoholism

The article traces contemporary developments in recovery research and outlines impomt dimensions of Uue recovery process. Dynamics and issues that are present at various "stages" of recovery over time are described. Some basic principles for a "recovery sensitive" approach to counseling are suggested.
Fully automated facial symmetry axis detection in frontal color images

In this paper, we consider the problem of automatically detecting a facial symmetry axis in what we will call a standard human face image (acquired when the subject is looking directly into the camera, in front of a clean gray background under controlled illumination). Images of this kind are encountered in face recognition scenarios; this detection should facilitate more sophisticated facial image processing. The proposed method is based on GLDH (gray level difference histogram) analysis and consists of three components: (1) the face region detection stage crops an approximate face region out of the background, (2) symmetry detection discovers a vertical axis to optimally bisect the region of interest, assuming it is bilaterally symmetric, and (3) orientation adjustment aligns the angle of the symmetry axis with the orientation of the face. An implementation of the method is described, and results are presented. This detector's robust performance is evidenced by its success finding symmetry axes in more than 7,500 images collected from 600 distinct subjects. One of our method's most noteworthy contributions is that, according to our experimental results, many of the automatically detected axes are more accurate than the reference axes. Our automated detector is a powerful tool because it is not as susceptible to human error as its manual counterpart and, as the first application of its kind, it could potentially serve as a new biometric.
Salt Creek, Recent Evidence from the Eastern Folsom Margin in Central Oklahoma

Several Folsom points are reported from the Salt Creek locality on the eastern prairie margin of south central Oklahoma. This location represents one of the easternmost in the Southern Plains regio...
Limits to marine life

Ocean "dead zones" devoid of aerobic life are likely to grow as carbon dioxide concentrations rise.
Effect of Mental Practice on the Development of a Certain Motor Skill

Abstract The effect of mental practice was compared with that of physical practice in the development of a motor skill, the Pacific Coast one-hand foul shot. One hundred and forty-four high school boys were equated into physical and mental practice groups on the basis of arm strength, intelligence, and varsity, junior varsity, or novice experience. Mental practice was found to be nearly as effective as physical practice under the conditions of the experiment. PHYSICAL EDUCATORS and coaches are becoming increasingly aware of the potential importance of the mental aspects of motor learning. To date, this awareness seems to be based more on intuition than on research evidence. For example, an extensive examination of literature disclosed only a few pieces of research that were designed primarily to investigate the effect of mental practice on the learning of motor skill. Wilbur E. Twining (11) made an observation in 1949 that is still true. In spite of the rapid advancement in the scientific approach to phys...
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics by Tony Bennett

The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. Tony Bennett. London and New York: Routledge, 1995. + 278 pp.; 26 illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $19.95 (paper).
The effects of corn- or sorghum-based diets with or without sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles on lactating-sow and litter performance

ABSTRACT A total of 140 sows and their litters were used to determine the effects of corn- or sorghum-based diets without or with 20% sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on lactating-sow and litter performance. Sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments on d 110 of gestation. Weaning age was 21 d. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of grain source and sorghum DDGS. Litters were equalized to 13 pigs per treatment. Overall (d 0 to 21), a tendency (P
Die Stabilität der Schalen

In einer Schale von irgendwelcher Form sei durch eine Belastung p x , p y , p z unter geeignet gewahlten Randbedingungen ein Membranspannungszustand erzeugt, den wir Grundspannungszustand nennen und durch seine Komponenten N x0, N y0, N xy0 beschreiben wollen. Die zu diesen Kraften gehorenden Formanderungen beseitigen wir dadurch aus unseren weiteren Uberlegungen, das wir uns das Koordinatensystem erst nach Eintritt dieser Verformung auf die Schale aufgezeichnet denken.
The Role of Type I Collagen Molecular Structure in Tendon Elastic Energy Storage

In order to facilitate locomotion and limb movement many animals store energy elastically in their tendons. The formation of crosslinked collagen fibers in tendons results in the conversion of weak, liquid-like embryonic tissues into tough elastic solids that can store energy and perform work. Collagen fibers in the form of fascicles are the major structural units found in tendons. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on collagen self-assembly and tendon development and to relate this information to the development of elastic energy storage in nonmineralizing and mineralizing tendons. Of particular interest is the mechanism by which energy is stored in tendons during locomotion. In the turkey, much of the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle is stored as elastic energy during tendon deformation and not within the muscle. As limbs move, the tendons are strained, causing the collagen fibers in the extracellular matrices to stretch. Through the analysis of turkey tendons, collagen fibers, and a molecular model, it is hypothesized that elastic energy is stored in the flexible regions of the collagen molecule. Data from the molecular model, mineralized fibers, and turkey tendons show that the presence of calcium and phosphate ions causes an increase in elastic energy stored per unit strain. Based on the theoretical modeling studies, the increase in stress with strain is a result of the initiation of stretching of the rigid regions of collagen molecules.
The use of ill-defined problems for developing problem-solving and empirical skills in CS1

Education research has shown that an effective technique for developing problem-solving and critical-thinking skills is to expose students early and often to "ill-defined" problems in their field. An ill-defined problem is one that addresses complex issues and thus cannot easily be described in a concise, complete manner. Furthermore, competing factors may suggest several approaches to the problem, requiring careful analysis to determine the best approach. This paper describes a specific ill-defined problem that was successfully used as an assignment in a recent CS1 course. In completing this assignment, students actively participated in the entire process of problem solving and scientific inquiry, from the formulation of a hypothesis, to the design and implementation of experiments (via a program), to the collection and analysis of the experimental data. As a result, students developed empirical and critical-thinking skills, while also experiencing the use of programming as a tool for investigative inquiry. Experiences using this particular assignment will be discussed, as well as general approaches to identifying ill-defined problems and integrating them into a CS1 course.
Detection of Chemically Induced DNA Damage in Layered Films by Catalytic Square Wave Voltammetry Using Ru(Bpy)32

A sensor constructed by alternate layer-by-layer adsorption of PDDA cations and double-stranded (ds)-DNA on oxidized pyrolytic graphite electrodes was evaluated for detection of chemical damage to ds-DNA from known damage agent styrene oxide. Films made with PDDA ions of structure (PDDA/DNA)2 were ∼6 nm thick and contained 0.23 μg of ds-DNA. Catalytic oxidation using 50 μM Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) provided more sensitive detection of DNA damage than direct SWV oxidation. The catalytic peaks increased linearly with time during incubations with styrene oxide, but only minor changes were detected during incubation with nonreactive toluene. For best sensitivity, the outer layer of the film must be ds-DNA, and analysis should be done at low salt concentration. Studies of DNA and polynucleotides in solutions and films suggested that oxidation of guanine and chemically damaged adenine in partly unraveled, damaged DNA were the most likely contributors to the catalytic peak.
A microfluidic actuator based on thermoresponsive hydrogels

Abstract We have evaluated the potential use of thermoresponsive hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide as actuators in microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices. This required fabrication of hydrogel actuators on the μm length scale, anisotropic swelling of the resulting materials, and control over the kinetics of the hydrogel volume phase transition. The fabrication procedure combined gel polymerization and casting techniques from the life sciences with more traditional semiconductor fabrication protocols for spin-coating, patterning, and etching. The actuator design used a PDMS membrane to separate the hydrogel actuator from the microfluidic channel and a separate reservoir for fluid to swell the actuator. As a result, the actuator could control flow for organic as well as aqueous solutions over a wide range of pH and ionic strength. The presence of a fixed substrate causes the gel swelling to be highly anisotropic, and the actuating motion is perpendicular to the substrate. The anisotropic swelling also limits the degree of swelling for the responsive hydrogel, and the total volume change is lower than the corresponding bulk materials by as much as an order of magnitude. The resulting actuators conform easily to the shape of the microfluidic channel, and the rate of the hydrogel response could be increased by using a series of semi-interpenetrating hydrogel networks. The microfluidic channels ranged in diameter from 180 to 380 μm, and the typical actuator was between 100 to 500 μm in diameter. The time scale of the actuator response was approximated by fitting with a single exponential (∼exp[−t/τ]). The time scale (τ) varied as a function of the actuator size and composition, ranging from 10 min to less than 10 s.
Fisher's Exact Test Extended to More Than Two Samples of Equal Size

Fisher's Exact Test (Fisher, 1970) is the classical way to compare two sample proportions for a statistically significant difference. This paper presents the extension of the test to more than two samples of equal size. An industrial example is given to demonstrate the calculations.