cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Rhizobium selenitireducens protein showing selenite reductase activity.

Biobarriers remove, via precipitation, the metalloid selenite (SeO 3 −2 ) from groundwater; a process that involves the biological reduction of soluble SeO 3 −2 to insoluble elemental red selenium (Se0). The enzymes associated with this reduction process are poorly understood. In Rhizobium selenitireducens at least two enzymes are potentially involved; one, a nitrite reductase reduces SeO 3 −2 to Se0 but another protein may also be involved which is investigated in this study. Proteins from R. selenitireducens cells were precipitated with ammonium sulfate and run on native electrophoresis gels. When these gels were incubated with NADH and SeO 3 −2 a band of precipitated Se0 developed signifying the presence of a SeO 3 −2 reducing protein. Bands were cut from the gel and analyzed for peptides via LCMSMS. The amino acid sequences associated with the bands indicated the presence of an NADH:flavin oxidoreductase that resembles YP_001326930 from Sinorhizobium medicae. The protein is part of a protein family termed old-yellow-enzymes (OYE) that contain a flavin binding domain. OYE enzymes are often involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress and, due in part to an active site that has a highly accessible binding pocket, are generally active on a wide range of substrates. This report is the first of an OYE enzyme being involved in SeO 3 −2 reduction.
Exploring High Academic Performance: The Case of Latinos in Higher Education:

This article examines the challenges associated with improving outcomes in higher education for Latino students. The author reviews data on the underrepresentation of Latinos among top high school ...
Cerebral Pulse Amplitude in a Canine Model of “Slit” Ventricle Syndrome

Continuously draining shunts resulting in “slit” ventricles have been associated with symptoms mimicking shunt malfunction and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). However, when tested, the mean ICP is normal or low. Recent clinical investigations have suggested that patients with “slit” ventricles may have augmented cerebral pulse amplitude (CPA) at normal or low ICP (Foltz and Blanks 1988). This study investigates the relationship between CPA and mean ICP in a computer-controlled canine model simulating “slit” ventricle syndrome.
Obesity and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Perimenopausal Women

(BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . Results. Baseline any type HPV prevalence was comparable between obese and nonobese women (18.7% vs 19.1%; P> .05). Over a median follow-up period of 17.9 months (interquartile range: 12.1–24.5), 187 new HPV detections occurred among 123 women, 60 of whom subsequently lost 76 detectable infections. When compared with nonobese participants, obese women had a similar rate of new HPV detection (7.1 vs 7.8 infections per 1000 infection-years; P> .05) or loss of detection (100.3 vs 85.8 infections per 100 infection-years; P> .05). Similar results were found after adjusting for age, menopausal status, smoking habit, and sexual exposure history. Conclusions. Results from the current analysis suggest little effect of obesity on HPV detection and loss of detection in mid-adult women. More research is needed to determine whether adipokines or cytokines better capture the potential immune modulating effects of obesity on HPV infection.
MP: a protocol for efficient exchange of mathematical expressions

The Multi Protocol (MP) is designed for integrating symbolic, numeric, graphics, document processing, and other tools for scientific computation, into a single distributed problem-solving environment. MP is layered, reflecting the logically distinct aspects of tool integration. Data representation issues are addressed by specifying a set of basic data types and a mechanism for constructing non-basic types. MP passes all data in the form of annotated parse trees. The parse tree provides a simple, flexible and tool-independent way to represent and exchange data, and annotations provide a powerful and generic expressive facility for transmitting additional information. MP also provides efficient encodings for numeric data and includes different types of optimizations to reduce the cost of exchanging data. The optimizations are important when transmitting large expressions typically encountered in symbolic and numeric computation. MP is extensible. Users can define additional sets of operators and annotations as well as tailor the generic optimization mechanisms to efficiently encode their own data structures. A clear distinction between MP-defined and user-defined definitions is enforced.
Autogestión de la privacidad y el dilema del consentimiento

El enfoque normativo vigente para la proteccion de la privacidad implica lo que denomino "autogestion de la privacidad": la ley entrega a las personas un conjunto de derechos que les permiten ponderar los costos y beneficios de la recoleccion, uso o divulgacion de su informacion. El consentimiento legitima casi cualquier tipo de re coleccion , uso o divulgacion de datos personales . Aunque la autogestion de la privacidad es ciertamente un componente necesario de cualquier regimen regulatorio, en este articulo considero que las expectativas puestas en este regimen se encuentran fuera de sus posibilidades. La autogestion de la privacidad no entrega a las personas un control significativo sobre sus datos. Por otra parte, la gente puede no autogestionar su privacidad apropiadamente debido a una serie de problemas estructurales. Existen demasiadas entidades recolectando y utilizando datos personales como para que sea factible que las personas administren su privacidad en forma separada con cada entidad. Es virtualmente imposible para la gente ponderar los costos y beneficios de revelar informacion o permitir su uso o transferencias sin un entendimiento de los potenciales usos posteriores, lo que limita aun mas la efectividad de la autogestion de la privacidad. Para avanzar, la legislacion y las politicas de privacidad deben enfrentar un complejo y confuso dilema sobre el consentimiento. En este articulo, propongo varias maneras en que las leyes de privacidad pueden lidiar con el dilema del consentimiento y dejar de confiar demasiado en la autogestion de la privacidad.
Plant science in lac: A continuation of using tools from Escherichia coli in studying gene function in heterologous systems

The assumption has been made for many years that genetic engineering will have its greatest benefit by producing valuable human and animal proteins and correcting genetic defects that cause certain diseases among a subset of the population. However, it now is becoming clear that the greatest potential will be in a second green revolution where food, fiber, proteins, and secondary products will be produced by crop plants in sufficient quantities with fewer chemicals and greater efficiencies. The reason for this revolution is that changes in the genetic information of plants are not limited to the adolescent period of a single life span as it is for humans. Actually, the tremendous amplification of beneficial traits through seeds of new crops is likely to provide the highest payoff for gene manipulation techniques. As plant sciences are entering the genomic DNA sequencing stage, it is expected that for a few examples like Arabidopsis thaliana (genome size = 125 megabases) and Oryza sativa (genome size = 400 megabases) all genes in their order and spacing within plant chromosomes will be known by the beginning of the millenium. However, knowledge-based design of new crop varieties will depend on the functional analysis of those DNA sequences during plant development.
Characterizing the Initial Encounter Complex in Cadherin Adhesion

Summary Cadherins are Ca 2+ -dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins with an extracellular region of five domains (EC1 to EC5). Adhesion is mediated by "strand swapping" of a conserved tryptophan residue in position 2 between EC1 domains of opposing cadherins, but the formation of this structure is not well understood. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and single-molecule force measurements with the atomic force microscope, we demonstrate that cadherins initially interact via EC1 domains without swapping tryptophan-2 to form a weak Ca 2+ dependent initial encounter complex that has 25% of the bond strength of a strand-swapped dimer. We suggest that cadherin dimerization proceeds via an induced fit mechanism where the monomers first form a tryptophan-2 independent initial encounter complex and then undergo subsequent conformational changes to form the final strand-swapped dimer.
Separation of diffuse and specular reflection in color images

The presence of specular reflections in images can lead many traditional computer vision algorithms to produce erroneous results. To address this problem, we propose a method based on the neutral interface reflection model for separating the diffuse and specular reflection components in color images. From two photometric images without calibrated lighting, the illuminant chromaticity is estimated, and the RGB intensities of the two reflection components are computed for each pixel using a linear model of surface reflectance. Unlike most previous methods, the presented technique does not assume any dependencies among pixels, such as regionally uniform surface reflectance.
Age-related alterations in cardiac protein turnover.

Abstract The influence of aging on cardiac protein turnover in rats was studied in vitro and in vivo . Hearts were perfused in vitro on a modified Langendorff perfusion apparatus with buffer containing cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis, and the rate of phenylalanine release into the perfusate was measured as an index of protein degradation. Phenylalanine release from hearts of 1- to 2 1 2 - month-old rats was 0.22 ± 0.013 nmol/mg wet wt/h compared to 0.16 ± 0.011 nmol/mg/h from hearts of 10- to 14-month-old animals ( P P in vivo was measured by the constant infusion technique using [ 14 C]tyrosine. The fractional rate of cardiac protein degradation decreased from 14.8 ± 1.06%/day at 1 1 2 months of age to 10.8 ± 0.91%/day at 12 months of age ( P 1 1 2 months to 10.8 ± 0.91%/day at 12 months ( P P
Cascade and Triangular source coding with causal side information

We consider cascade and triangular source coding with side information and causal reconstruction at the end node. When the side information at the source and intermediate nodes are the same, we characterize the rate distortion regions for both the cascade and triangular source coding problems. For the general cascade setting with causal reconstruction at the end node, we characterize the rate region when the sources satisfy a positivity condition, or when a Markov chain holds.
Improving binary classification on text problems using differential word features

We describe an efficient technique to weigh word-based features in binary classification tasks and show that it significantly improves classification accuracy on a range of problems. The most common text classification approach uses a document's ngrams (words and short phrases) as its features and assigns feature values equal to their frequency or TFIDF score relative to the training corpus. Our approach uses values computed as the product of an ngram's document frequency and the difference of its inverse document frequencies in the positive and negative training sets. While this technique is remarkably easy to implement, it gives a statistically significant improvement over the standard bag-of-words approaches using support vector machines on a range of classification tasks. Our results show that our technique is robust and broadly applicable. We provide an analysis of why the approach works and how it can generalize to other domains and problems.
The Battle of The Hundred Regiments: Problems of Coordination and Control during the Sino-Japanese War

Communist sources record that between 20 August and 5 December 1940, the Eighth Route Army (8RA) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) fought 1,824 large and small engagements with Japanese and puppet troops from the plains of Hebei to the mountains of Shanxi. These engagements are known collectively as ‘the Battle of the Hundred Regiments’ and they are the subject of this essay.
Adolescent males who insert genitourinary foreign bodies: Is psychiatric referral required?

Although much is known about the urologic aspects of genitourinary foreign bodies, the psychiatric profile of the adolescent male who inserts a foreign body into his urethra is not available. Six cases from a urologic service are presented, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Psychiatric consultation for such selfinserters will allow the development of such a profile. An appropriate management plan can then be formulated.
Phytoplankton of the York River

Abstract The York River possesses a diverse phytoplankton community represented by a variety of algal species that includes both freshwater and estuarine flora. The mean annual monthly range of abundance is ca. 5–20 X 106 cells L−1 with an extended bi-modal pattern that begins with an early spring diatom peak (March) that declines into early summer. The development of a more diverse representation of taxa in the summer results in a secondary late summer-early fall peak. Diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton component throughout the entire estuary including a variety of pennate and centric species such as Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata. Dinoflagellates are more common and abundant in the lower segments of the York River where they have been associated with re-occurring and extensive “red tide” blooms. These include Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Heterocapsa triquetra, Heterocapsa rotundata, Scrippsiella trochoidea, and Prorocentrum minimum. Cynobacteria, commonly referred to as blue-green alg...
Constipation in Palliative Care Patients

SUMMARYConstipation is a common result of advanced disease and drug therapy. It occurs in as many as 50% of advanced cancer patients and 85% of patients taking high dose opioids. Potential causes are described. Prevention and early reversal are important. Nondrug and pharmacological methods of preventing and treating constipation are described. Evaluation instruments that have been used for this symptom are described. Some open research questions are listed. A management algorithm, evidence tables, and drug therapy tables which include drug costs are presented.
Propagation of kinetic Alfvén waves in the ionospheric Alfvén resonator in the presence of density cavities

[1] Recent observations of particle distributions that are narrow in pitch angle and broad in energy have suggested that kinetic Alfven waves are a significant contributor to auroral particle acceleration. Oscillations at frequencies near 1 Hz are a natural consequence of the propagation of Alfven waves in the strongly varying Alfven speed profile above the auroral ionosphere, the so-called ionospheric Alfven resonator. These waves often propagate in the presence of perpendicular density gradients at various spatial scales. Simulations have been performed to study the evolution of these fields including both parallel and perpendicular inhomogeneity. Phase mixing at the boundaries of the density cavity leads to small-scale Alfven waves, which can develop the parallel electric fields needed to accelerate the Alfvenic aurora. These simulations verify the kinetic Alfven wave dispersion relation in the electron inertial limit, which predicts that the perpendicular phase and group velocity of these waves are in the opposite direction. In addition, the results show that narrow spatial scales are favored by high ionospheric conductance.
Spiritual Life in Modern Japan: Understanding Religion in Everyday Life

This chapter focuses on Japan, where religion is conceived differently in many ways from in the West – even though economically Japan stands with the West. His major emphasis is to examine practice at the individual level rather than to focus on historic institutionalized macro traditions. He offers a variety of examples to substantiate the argument that scholars study Japanese religion neither in historically framed contexts nor in a context of globalized “spirituality,” but rather as a uniquely Japanese comprehensive spiritual attitude as it is actually lived and experienced in Japanese peoples’ everyday lives.
Stress fracture in a ceratopsian phalanx

A prominent anterior bulge on a ceratopsian dinosaur phalanx was examined for evidence of infection or stress (fatigue) fracture. The presence of a knife-slice type radiolucency, associated with periosteal reaction, was pathognomonic (diagnostic) for a stress fracture. Stress fractures have previously been recognized only in humans, racing greyhounds, and horses.
Hypoxia attenuates the renin response to hemorrhage.

We studied hypoxia and hypotensive hemorrhage in conscious female goats. After control, goats continued an experimental period in normoxia or hypoxia [fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) = 0.10] for 120 min. After 60 min in the experimental period, a hemorrhage (0.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 for 30 min) was initiated (normoxic hemorrhage, NH; hypoxic hemorrhage, HH). Heart rate (HR) increased 51 +/- 18 beats/min with NH after 30 min of hemorrhage. HR increased 40 +/- 10 beats/min after hypoxic gas introduction, with no further increase during HH. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was reduced 23 +/- 7 mmHg 30 min after completion of blood loss with normoxia but was reduced 23 +/- 7 mmHg at 20 min of HH. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was increased to 2.60 +/- 2.08 and 160.40 +/- 49.74 microU/ml after 10 and 20 min of HH, respectively, and was only increased after 30 min (87.33 +/- 67.18 microU/ml) of NH. Unexpectedly, plasma renin activity (PRA) increased in parallel in both groups and was doubled at 30 min of hemorrhage. Atrial natriuretic factor was reduced to 8.8 +/- 1.6 pg/ml by 10 min of NH and to 11.4 +/- 3.3 pg/ml at 30 min of HH. Thus hypoxia leads to an earlier development of hypotension and increase in AVP with blood loss but may attenuate the PRA response to blood pressure reduction.
Resting and gestating

Preterm birth and its complications are the leading cause of infant death. Several risk factors, including poor nutrition, race, and comorbidities, have been identified, but how they cause preterm birth is unclear. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in our diets, particularly ω-3 docosahexanoic
A Field Test of Lindane for Prevention and Control of Attack by Ips confusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Slash

Lindane, used according to commercial specification (approximately 3.1% concentrate), was completely effective in preventing attack by Ips confusus on ponderosa and sugar pine. Effective control in infested logs was achieved regardless of the time of treatment. Longevity of emerging brood adults was significantly reduced and there appeared to be a difference in susceptibility to attack by Ips between ponderosa and sugar pine.
Reaction mechanism and product branching ratios of the CH + C3H4 reactions: a theoretical study

The mechanism of CH(X2Π) reaction with propene has been studied with ab initio CCSD(T)-F12/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations of the C4H7 potential energy surface and RRKM/master equation calculations of unimolecular rate constants for the various isomerization and dissociation steps available to the C4H7 radicals. Product branching ratios were calculated and were found to strongly depend on the initial chemically activated C4H7 complex formed in a barrierless entrance channel. If the reaction is initiated via either CH addition to the double bond in propene or CH insertions into the terminal sp2 C–H or single C–C bonds, then 1,3-butadiene + H are predicted to be the dominant products, ethene + C2H3 radical are minor but non-negligible products, and a small amount of 1,2-butadiene + H is also produced. The reaction then proceeds through a key CH3CHCH•CH2 intermediate, which loses an H atom to form either 1,3- or 1,2-butadiene or isomerizes to •CH2CH2CHCH2 and then dissociates to ethene + C2H3 radical. If...
The abuse of rest as a therapeutic agent.

(1947). The Abuse of Rest as a Therapeutic Agent. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 84-89.
Roles of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ stores in induction and suppression of apoptosis in S49 cells

The Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, depleted intracellular Ca2+ stores, induced large increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and caused apoptosis in S49 cells. ...
Comprehensive Psychiatry Review

The accreditation process for psychiatry in the United States is considered one of the most difficult among all medical specialties. Although many board review books in psychiatry exist, this is the first fact-based resource that can be used for both written and oral review. Dr William Weiqi Wang has developed a concise, outline-oriented format supplemented with case studies to prepare residents for the oral and written psychiatry boards. Each chapter can stand alone and is presented in 'bite-size' clusters to facilitate easy absorption of the material. A section at the end of the book includes 150 board-review-style questions and answers drawn from previous tests. This book is a necessity for any student who plans to score aggressively on the ABPN, PRITE, and even the USMLE for medical students who want to pursue a career in psychiatry.
Reactive Charged Droplets for Reduction of Matrix Effects in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A new quantitative contained-electrospray (ES) process is described here that employs a movable ES emitter to control the reactivity of charged microdroplets by varying their exposure time with acid vapor. The method allows elimination of ion suppression effects caused by the presence of various surface active compounds that coelute with the analyte. For mixtures, contained-ESI mass spectrometric analysis produces relative ion intensities that reflect the true concentrations of analytes in solution. The mechanism for this effect has been elucidated and ascribed to the generation of fine initial droplets in the presence of a high abundance of protons; together, these two factors eliminate competition for charge and space during ion formation. Examples of analytes tested include steroids, phospholipids, phosphopeptides, and sialylated glycans. At least 1 order of magnitude improvement in detection limits, sensitivity, and accuracy of detection was observed when compared to conventional electrospray.
Spectral Characteristics of Convective-Scale Precipitation Observations and Forecasts

AbstractAs an alternative to traditional precipitation analysis and forecast verification, 1D and 2D spectral decompositions of NCEP/Stage IV and Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) precipitation products and convective-scale model forecasts are examined. Both the stage IV and MRMS analyses and the model forecasts show a similar weak power-law behavior in 1D spectral decompositions, although the MRMS analysis does not drop off in power at wavelengths less than approximately 20 km as found in the stage IV analysis. The convective-scale forecasts produce similar behavior to the MRMS when the forecast model’s effective resolution is sufficient. Neither the MRMS analyses nor the forecasts suggest the existence of a break in the spectral slope at the scales for which the analyses and forecasts are valid. The 2D spectra of both observations and forecasts, expressed in terms of an absolute wavenumber and azimuthal angle, show power varying significantly as a function of azimuthal angle for a given wavenumber. This a...
Adolescents Transitioning to High School: Sex Differences in Bullying Victimization Associated With Depressive Symptoms, Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Attempts:

Adolescents transitioning to high school may be at greater risk of depression and suicide if they are victims of bullying behavior. This study explored sex differences in bullying victimization (physical, verbal/social, and cyberbullying) and the impact on depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors in ninth-grade students (N = 233). Females reported significantly more verbal/social and cyberbullying than male students. There were no significant sex differences in physical bullying; male students who reported physical bullying victimization were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Verbal/social bullying predicted depressive symptoms in males and females. Females who reported being victims of cyberbullying were more likely to report depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts. Eighteen students reported suicide attempts, and each also experienced verbal/social bullying. School nurses are positioned to reach out to transitioning students, screen for mental health issues, provide a ...
A taxonomy of event time representations

Terms such as "simulated time", "simulation time", "virtual time", "logical time", and "real time" appear throughout the modeling and simulation literature as a means of describing the timing, ordering, and/or processing of events. Unfortunately, this vocabulary can become a source of confusion due to subtle inconsistencies in how the terms are interpreted. Here we categorize mathematical representations of event times, review their formal properties such as causal consistency and causal characterization, identify formal relationships among the representations, and present a taxonomy to clarify the proper meanings of the most common notions of time in a simulation context. A thorough look at the various event time representations suggests new research opportunities, such as the repurposing of distributed computing techniques for debugging both parallel and sequential discrete event simulations.
Underwater sound from vessel traffic reduces the effective communication range in Atlantic cod and haddock

Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary is located in Massachusetts Bay off the densely populated northeast coast of the United States; subsequently, the marine inhabitants of the area are exposed to elevated levels of anthropogenic underwater sound, particularly due to commercial shipping. The current study investigated the alteration of estimated effective communication spaces at three spawning locations for populations of the commercially and ecologically important fishes, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Both the ambient sound pressure levels and the estimated effective vocalization radii, estimated through spherical spreading models, fluctuated dramatically during the three-month recording periods. Increases in sound pressure level appeared to be largely driven by large vessel activity, and accordingly exhibited a significant positive correlation with the number of Automatic Identification System tracked vessels at the two of the three sites. The near constant high levels of low frequency sound and consequential reduction in the communication space observed at these recording sites during times of high vocalization activity raises significant concerns that communication between conspecifics may be compromised during critical biological periods. This study takes the first steps in evaluating these animals’ communication spaces and alteration of these spaces due to anthropogenic underwater sound.
Towards the design of a comprehensive data de-identification solution

The increasing adoption of health information technologies in the United States accelerates their potential to facilitate beneficial studies that combine large, complex data sets from multiple sources. The process of de-identification, by which identifiers are removed from the health information, mitigates privacy risks to individuals and thereby supports the secondary use of data for comparative effectiveness studies, policy assessment, life sciences research, and other endeavors. The de-identification process also comes with the limitation that all the data cannot be de-identified for an object as it might affect future research. Also, if the exact data which is needed for the research are kept original then it may re-identify the person. To this effect, this research presents the design of a comprehensive data de-identification solution and evaluates the strengths of the application.
Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery.

Managing natural resources in an era of increasing climate impacts requires accounting for the synergistic effects of climate, ecosystem changes, and harvesting on resource productivity. Coincident with recent exceptional warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean and removal of large predatory fish, the American lobster has become the most valuable fishery resource in North America. Using a model that links ocean temperature, predator density, and fishing to population productivity, we show that harvester-driven conservation efforts to protect large lobsters prepared the Gulf of Maine lobster fishery to capitalize on favorable ecosystem conditions, resulting in the record-breaking landings recently observed in the region. In contrast, in the warmer southern New England region, the absence of similar conservation efforts precipitated warming-induced recruitment failure that led to the collapse of the fishery. Population projections under expected warming suggest that the American lobster fishery is vulnerable to future temperature increases, but continued efforts to preserve the stock9s reproductive potential can dampen the negative impacts of warming. This study demonstrates that, even though global climate change is severely impacting marine ecosystems, widely adopted, proactive conservation measures can increase the resilience of commercial fisheries to climate change.
Effect of Rare-Earth Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide: An Electrical and Electrochemical Approach

Doping of rare-earth metal oxides into nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (NTD) films is known to improve performance for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications; however, the reasons for this improvement are not well understood. To explore the enhancement mechanism, an electrical and electrochemical study of rare-earth oxide-doped NTD films was performed. Doped films were found to be 40–50 times more conductive than undoped films, with linear current–voltage characteristics and decreased light sensitivity. Cyclic voltammograms of doped samples show an enhanced scan rate dependence in the deep trap regime due to a slower charge trapping rate. Finally, electrochemical impedance measurements reveal a decrease in space charge density and a shift in the flat-band potential. Taken together, these results suggest that charge transfer from the rare earth oxide neutralizes the deep trap states in the NTD film, decreasing charge scattering, and improving the NTD performance as an electron acceptor and electron ...
Note on a theorem of Wolff

Denote points in ℝ2 by (x,y) and put = {(x,y): y > }. Given p, 1 < p < ∞, we shall say that u is a weak solution in ℝ + 2 to $${L_p}u = \nabla \cdot \left[ {{{\left| {\nabla u} \right|}^{(p - 2)}}\nabla u = 0} \right]$$ (1) (the so called p Laplacian equation) provided\(\int {R_ + ^2} {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^{(p - 2)}}\nabla u\cdot\nabla \phi dxdy = 0\)for all o ∈ C 0 ∞ (ℝ + 2 ). Here ∇ denotes the gradient and C 0 ∞ (ℝ + 2 ) is the space of infinitely differentiable functionsℝ + 2 on with compact support. Recently Wolff has proved the following theorem.
Zeolitic Alteration of Lacustrine Tuffs, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, Usa

Abstract The Miocene Chalk Hills Formation of southwestern Idaho consists mainly of interbedded mudstone, siltstone, diatomite, and vitric tuffs that were deposited in a chiefly freshwater lake. Throughout most of the outcrop belt, the tuffs are unaltered, but south of Oreana, the tuffs are completely altered to clinoptilolite with or without smectite and opal-CT. The zeolitic zone extends parallel to the southern margin of the Snake River Plain for about 21 km. The zeolites and associated silicate minerals undoubtedly formed during diagenesis by hydrolysis and dissolution of rhyolitic glass by pore water that was trapped in the tuffs during lacustrine sedimentation.
Yield Criterion for Polymeric Matrix Under Static and Dynamic Loading

A polymeric matrix (3501-6) used in composite materials was characterized under multi-axial quasi-static and dynamic loading at varying strain rates. Tests were conducted under uniaxial compression, tension, pure shear and combinations of compression and shear. Quasi-static and intermediate strain rate tests were conducted in a servo-hydraulic testing machine. High strain rate tests were conducted using a split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system built for the purpose. This SHPB system was made of glass/epoxy composite (Garolite) bars having an impedance matching the test polymer closer than metals. The typical stress–strain behavior exhibits a linear elastic region up to a yields point, a nonlinear elastoplastic region up to an initial peak or critical stress, followed by a strain softening region up to a local minimum and finally, a strain hardening region up to ultimate failure. It was observed that under multi-axial loading, yielding is governed by one characteristic property, the yield strain under uniaxial tension. Furthermore, it was found that the yield point varied linearly with the logarithm of strain rate. A general three-dimensional elasto-viscoplastic model was formulated in strain space expressed in terms of an effective strain and its yield point. A unified yield criterion was proposed to describe the onset of yielding under any state of stress and at any strain rate.
The Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) is widely distributed in Central and South America between the 17°S and 10°N latitudes. They are particularly prevalent on the Pacific side of Central America and throughout the Amazon basin. For as long as 400 years they have been captured and traded as pets for the homes of the aristocracy of Europe and America. In their native environment squirrel monkeys are diurnal and arboreal. They inhibit tropical rain forests and prefer high canopy forests and forest edges. They are found in troops ranging from several dozen to several hundred animals.
Basics of O-minimality and Hardy Fields

This paper consists of lecture notes on some fundamental results about the asymptotic analysis of unary functions definable in o-minimal expansions of the field of real numbers.
On the Elements of a Pluralist Systemic Approach for the Evaluation of Factors Affecting Software Development Productivity

The elements of a pluralist systemic framework for the evaluation of factors affecting software development productivity are discussed. The framework is based on the Multiple Perspectives concept by Linstone, Multimethodology by Mingers and Critical Systems Thinking. The proposed mix of methods complements existing cost estimation techniques by providing deeper understanding of the role of the various factors affecting a software project
Sexual Assault Recovery and Male Significant Others

A questionnaire addressing rape crisis services for male significant others (MSOs) of rape victims (i.e., husbands, fathers, brothers, close male friends) was mailed to the directors of all 700 rap...
Government Intervention in the Inflation Process: The Econometrics of

This paper presents a single reduced-form inflation equation that can explain both the variance and acceleration of inflation during the 1970s.Inflation is explained by four sets of factors. Aggregate demand enters through the lagged output ratio and the growth rate of nominal GNP. The adjustment of inflation to changes in aggregate demand is limited by the role of inertia in the inflation process, expressed as the dependence of the rate of change of prices on its own past values. Two types of supply-side elements enter. Government intervention directly altered the price level during the Nixon control era, and in addition the government has aggravated the inflation problem by what have been called "self-inflicted wounds," including increases in the effective social security tax rate and effective minimum wage. Also there have been external supply shocks that are outside of the immediate control of the government, including changes in the relative prices of food and energy, changes in the growth rate of productivity, and changes in the foreign exchange value of the dollar. Considerable attention is given to alternative methods of estimating the impact of direct episodes of government intervention In the price-setting process, particularly during the Nixon controls. We find that such episodes have been futile. Because of their futility, these intervention episodes can be regarded as "self-inflicted wounds," like the payroll tax and minimum wage changes that normally are described by this term.
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 9 Domain (ADAM9) Is a Major Susceptibility Factor in the Early Stages of Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection.

ABSTRACT Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a picornavirus that produces lytic infections in murine and human cells. Employing a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to find host factors required for EMCV infection, we identified a role for ADAM9 in EMCV infection. CRISPR-mediated deletion of ADAM9 in multiple human cell lines rendered the cells highly resistant to EMCV infection and cell death. Primary fibroblasts from ADAM9 KO mice were also strongly resistant to EMCV infection and cell death. In contrast, ADAM9 KO and WT cells were equally susceptible to infection with other viruses, including the picornavirus Coxsackie virus B. ADAM9 KO cells failed to produce viral progeny when incubated with EMCV. However, bypassing EMCV entry into cells through delivery of viral RNA directly to the cytosol yielded infectious EMCV virions from ADAM9 KO cells, suggesting that ADAM9 is not required for EMCV replication post-entry. These findings establish that ADAM9 is required for the early stage of EMCV infection, likely for virus entry or viral genome delivery to the cytosol. IMPORTANCE Viral myocarditis is a leading cause of death in the United States, contributing to numerous unexplained deaths in people ≤35 years old. Enteroviruses contribute to many cases of human myocarditis. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection causes viral myocarditis in rodent models, but its receptor requirements have not been fully identified. CRISPR-Cas9 screens can identify host dependency factors essential for EMCV infection and enhance our understanding of key events that follow viral infection, potentially leading to new strategies for preventing viral myocarditis. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified adisintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 domain (ADAM9) as a major factor required for the early stages of EMCV infection in both human and murine infection.
Drugs that target aging: how do we discover them?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Biology of aging is focused on elucidating the biochemical and genetic pathways that contribute to cellular damage accumulation over time. Thirty years of research are beginning to bear fruit as the first pharmacological interventions based on biology of aging go through clinical trials. Evolutionary theories of aging suggest that naturally selected traits believed to impart fitness in young organisms may be damaging in later life. Three major areas of focus in biology of aging are lifespan, healthspan, and rejuvenation.Areas covered: Aging research has produced several validated pharmacological interventions currently in clinical trials. Herein, the authors consider two representative case studies: 1) rapamycin analogs and their effect on the mTORC1 pathway, and 2) small molecules that target and kill senescent cells. The authors also provide their expert current and future perspectives on aging targeting drug discovery.Expert opinion: Aging-related therapeutic interventions will co...
Characterizing the Importance of Criminal Factors Affecting Bus Ridership using Random Forest Ensemble Algorithm

Public transit systems provide mass movement with substantial traffic operational and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, they still represent a small market share in the United States....
Tungsten solubility in L12-ordered Al3Er and Al3Zr nanoprecipitates formed by aging in an aluminum matrix

Abstract The partitioning behavior of tungsten is studied in two dilute Al-Er-W and Al-Zr-W alloys aged isochronally up to 400 and 475 °C, to form L12-structured Al3Er and Al3Zr nanoprecipitates. Atom-probe tomography reveals low W solubility in the Al3Er and Al3Zr nanoprecipitates (0.071 and 0.234 at.%, respectively) and very low W solubility in the Al matrix (0.057 and 0.023 at.%, respectively), corresponding to precipitate/matrix partitioning ratios of ∼1–10. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the formation energies of substitutional W atoms in the L12 lattices are high and positive (0.66–1.73 eV.atom−1), consistent with the small W solubilities measured experimentally in these nanoprecipitates.
Structures of the Human LONP1 Protease Reveal Regulatory Steps Involved in Protease Activation

Abstract The human mitochondrial AAA+ protein LONP1 is a critical quality control protease involved in regulating diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology including proteostasis, electron transport chain activity, and mitochondrial transcription. As such, genetic or aging-associated imbalances in LONP1 activity are implicated in the pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction associated with numerous human diseases. Despite this importance, the molecular basis for LONP1-dependent proteolytic activity remains poorly defined. Here, we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of human LONP1 to reveal the molecular mechanism of substrate proteolysis. We show that, like bacterial Lon, human LONP1 adopts both an open and closed spiral staircase orientation dictated by the presence of substrate and nucleotide. However, unlike bacterial Lon, human LONP1 contains a second spiral staircase within its ATPase domain that engages substrate to increase interactions with the translocating peptide as it transits into the proteolytic chamber for proteolysis. Further, we show that substrate-bound LONP1 includes a second level of regulation at the proteolytic active site, wherein autoinhibition of the active site is only relieved by the presence of a peptide substrate. Ultimately, our results define a structural basis for human LONP1 proteolytic activation and activity, establishing a molecular framework to understand the critical importance of this protease for mitochondrial regulation in health and disease.
Live predator stress in adolescence results in distinct adult behavioral consequences and dorsal diencephalic brain activation patterns

Abstract Exposure to traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of adult psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, alcohol use disorders and their co-morbidity. Early life trauma also results in increased symptom complexity, treatment resistance and poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rodent model of adolescent stress, based on an ethologically relevant life-threatening event, live predator exposure. Rats were exposed to a live predator for 10 min. at three different time points (postnatal day (PND)31, 46 and 61). Adult depression-, anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol consumption were characterized well past the last acute stress event (two weeks). Behavioral profiles across assessments were developed to characterize individual response to adolescent stress. CNS activation patterns in separate groups of subjects were characterized after the early (PND31) and last predator exposure (PND61). Subjects exposed to live-predator adolescent stress generally exhibited less exploratory behavior, less propensity to venture into open spaces, a decreased preference for sweet solutions and decreased ethanol consumption in a two-bottle preference test. Additional studies demonstrated blunted cortisol response and CNS activation patterns suggestive of habenula, rostromedial tegmental (RMTg), dorsal raphe and central amygdala involvement in mediating the adult consequences of adolescent stress. Thus, adolescent stress in the form of live-predator exposure results in significant adult behavioral and neurobiological disturbances. Childhood trauma, its impact on neurodevelopment and the subsequent development of mood disorders is a pervasive theme in mental illness. Improving animal models and our neurobiological understanding of the symptom domains impacted by trauma could significantly improve treatment strategies.
Are you missing a concussion by watching American football? Video analysis of ball location in a Division 1 football program.

Action in a football game occurs quickly. Medical staff can miss a sport-related concussion (SRC) if they do not observe it directly. The objective of this study is to determine if SRCs occur more ...
Neonatal respiratory inhibition.

To present information on neonatal respiratory inhibition (NRI) to the medical staff caring for infantsThe author reviewed investigations of the above conditions. NRI is defined as severe hypoxemia...
The Conservatism Principle and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings

Conservatism is interpreted to mean that accountants more frequently report current "bad news" about future cash flows in contemporaneous earnings than current "good news." Thus, earnings reported under GAAP should be more timely in reporting "bad news" about future cash flows than "good news." This paper, using the firm's stock return as a measure of news, shows that the contemporaneous association between earnings and negative returns is two to five times as large as the contemporaneous association between earnings and positive returns. It is also shown that the greater timeliness of earnings relative to cash flow measures is largely due to a greater sensitivity to concurrent negative returns. This result is consistent with accountants recording accruals conservatively. Another implication of conservatism is that negative earnings surprises are likely to be less persistent than positive earnings surprises, because earnings reports more bad news concurrently than good news, with the latter being spread over several periods. This is shown to be true empirically. It is predicted and found that earnings response coefficients are higher for positive earnings changes than for negative earnings changes, which is consistent with the market correcting for the difference in persistence in conservatively determined earnings. It is also found that the sensitivity of earnings to negative returns has more than quadrupled since 1980, while the sensitivity of earnings to negative returns has declined by two-thirds, suggesting that earnings measurement has become more conservative. Increases in accounting conservatism are found to be correlated with increases in auditor liability, but no causal inferences are drawn.
The Origin and Evolution of Volcanism at Martian Highland Paterae: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

Highland paterae are broad, low-sloped volcanoes on Mars that have a large summit caldera and channeled flanks. Crater-modeled ages suggest they may represent some of the oldest central vent volcanoes on the planet. The presence of channeled flanks that surround a younger summit caldera with topographically smooth floor material has led to the interpretation that highland paterae record a transition from explosive volcanic eruptions to more effusive eruptive styles. In this chapter we describe the geology of seven highland paterae (Amphitrites Patera, Peneus Patera, Malea Patera, Pityusa Patera, Tyrrhena Patera, Hadriaca Patera, and Apollinaris Mons), discuss what that reveals about their history and origin, and then discuss possible avenues of future research on these intriguing Martian landforms.