cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single fluorescence probes along the reactive center loop reveal site‐specific changes during the latency transition of PAI‐1

The serine protease inhibitor (serpin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), is an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease and many cancers. It is therefore a desirable target for pharmaceutical intervention. However, to date, no PAI-1 inhibitor has successfully reached clinical trial, indicating the necessity to learn more about the mechanics of the serpin. Although its kinetics of inhibition have been extensively studied, less is known about the latency transition of PAI-1, in which the solvent-exposed reactive center loop (RCL) inserts into its central β-sheet, rendering the inhibitor inactive. This spontaneous transition is concomitant with a large translocation of the RCL, but no change in covalent structure. Here, we conjugated the fluorescent probe, NBD, to single positions along the RCL (P13-P5') to detect changes in solvent exposure that occur during the latency transition. The results support a mousetrap-like RCL-insertion that occurs with a half-life of 1-2 h in accordance with previous reports. Importantly, this study exposes unique transitions during latency that occur with a half-life of ∼5 and 25 min at the P5' and P8 RCL positions, respectively. We hypothesize that the process detected at P5' represents s1C detachment, while that at P8 results from a steric barrier to RCL insertion. Together, these findings provide new insights by characterizing multiple steps in the latency transition.
Skewed redundancy

Technology scaling in integrated circuits has consistently provided dramatic performance improvements in modern microprocessors. However, increasing device counts and decreasing on-chip voltage levels have made transient errors a first-order design constraint that can no longer be ignored. Several proposals have provided fault detection and tolerance through redundantly executing a program on an additional hardware thread or core. While such techniques can provide high fault coverage, they at best provide equivalent performance to the original execution and at worst incur a slowdown due to error checking, contention for shared resources, and synchronization overheads. This work achieves a similar goal of detecting transient errors by redundantly executing a program on an additional processor core, however it speeds up (rather than slows down) program execution compared to the unprotected baseline case. It makes the observation that a small number of instructions are detrimental to overall performance, and selectively skipping them enables one core to advance far ahead of the other to obtain prefetching and large instruction window benefits. We highlight the modest incremental hardware required to support skewed redundancy and demonstrate a speedup of 6%/54% for a collection of integer/floating point benchmarks while still providing 100% error detection coverage within our sphere of replication. Additionally, we show that a third core can further improve performance while adding error recovery capabilities.
Inhibition of apical Cl−/OH− exchange activity in Caco-2 cells by phorbol esters is mediated by PKCε

The present studies were undertaken to examine the possible regulation of apical membrane Cl−/OH− exchanger in Caco-2 cells by protein kinase C (PKC). The effect of the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myr...
Trajectories of symptoms and function in older adults with low back disorders.

STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are distinct trajectories of back pain and function among older adults and to identify characteristics that distinguish among patients with substantially different prognoses. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although the differential diagnosis and course of low back pain among older adults may differ from middle-aged adults, there is little evidence. Better understanding variability in recovery among older adults may help target patients for more intensive clinical interventions, plan resource use, and design clinical studies of more homogeneous patient groups. METHODS Patients aged 65 years or older with a new episode of care for back pain were recruited at 3 geographically diverse sites. Patients completed pain intensity and Roland-Morris Disability measures at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later. We used latent class analysis to identify distinct trajectories of pain and function and then logistic regression to identify predictors of membership in the improving trajectories. RESULTS There were 3929 participants who completed outcome measures at every follow-up interval. Latent class analysis identified subgroups with low, intermediate, or high pain or disability scores who remained relatively stable over time. However, small subgroups showed dramatic improvement from baseline to 1 year (17% with major improvement in Roland score, pain intensity, or both). Shorter pain duration, higher patient confidence in improvement, and fewer comorbid conditions at baseline were each associated independently with favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION Although most patients remained relatively stable over a year, latent class analysis identified small groups with major improvement in pain, function, or both. This technique may, therefore, be useful for studying back pain prognosis. Our results should help assemble more prognostically homogeneous groups for research, and the technique may help identify subgroups of patients with uniquely successful responses to investigational interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Effect of a Low Work Function Insert on Hollow Cathode Temperature and Operation

Current state of the art hollow cathodes use traditional thermionic emission materials, such as lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), cerium hexaboride (CeB6), and barium-calcium aluminate impregnated porous tungsten (Ba-W). The work functions of LaB6 and CeB6 are near 2.7 eV, while the work function of Ba-W is near 2.1 eV. Recently, a C12A7 electride hollow cathode was developed and operated. C12A7 electride is a crystalline ceramic in which electrons clathrated in sub-nanometer sized cages act as a conductive medium. Due to its unique atomic structure and large size, C12A7 electride has a predicted work function of 0.6 eV. A prototype C12A7 electride hollow cathode was successfully fabricated and operated as a proof-of-concept. It has been successfully started at room temperature without the benefit of a heater. The operation is stable and reproducible, and barrel temperatures below 600°C have been observed.
Epidemiology of Nomuraea rileyi (Fungi: Deuteromycotina) in Plathypena scabra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations from Iowa Soybeans

Data from a 10-year study were analyzed to understand the epidemiology of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson in green cloverworm (GCW), Plathypena scabra (F.), populations in Iowa. Larvae were collected by sweeping in soybean fields each year from 1971 through 1980 and were maintained in the laboratory until completion of development or death. Six endemic and 4 outbreak GCW population types were identified from the 10 collection years. N. rileyi was a major agent of GCW mortality, especially during the second GCW generation of outbreak years. The seasonal increase in percentage N. rileyi -caused mortality in outbreak populations is described as a function of the number of days after the date of initial detection of infected larvae. In all years, the mortality rate of the second GCW generation from N. rileyi infection is significantly dependent on the size of the first GCW generation. The date of first prominent (2%) N. rileyi -caused mortality is significantly explained by the accumulated larva-days and accumulated precipitation from 1 June. These results support and supplement existing explanations of GCW population dynamics in Iowa by providing quantitative expressions of N. rileyi epidemiology.
Brand Evaluation and Brand Choice: A Longitudinal Study:

An analysis is presented showing the association between a summated brand evaluation index and brands purchased over time. The summated index was no more predictive than simpler measures such as “b...
Quantitative trait loci for seed isoflavone contents in 'MD96-5722' by 'Spencer' recombinant inbred lines of soybean.

Isoflavones from soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have a significant impact on human health to reduce the risk of several major diseases. Breeding soybean for high isoflavone content in the seed is possible through marker-assisted selection (MAS) which can be based on quantitative trait loci (QTL). The objective of this study was to identify QTL controlling isoflavone content in a set of ‘MD96-5722’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of soybean. Wide variations were found for seed concentrations of daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and total isoflavones among the RIL populations. Three QTL were identified on three different linkage groups (LG) represented by three different chromosomes (Chr). One QTL that controlled daidzein content was identified on LG A1 (Chr 5), and two QTL that underlay glycitein content were identified on LG K (Chr 9) and LG B2 (Chr 14). Identified QTL could be functional in developing soybean with preferable isoflavone concentrations in the seeds through MAS.
Epidemiological analysis of HIV/AIDS population in Quzhou from 2001 to 2011

Objective:To understand HIV/AIDS(HIV/AIDS) epidemic situation in Quzhou,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of AIDS.Methods: AIDS monitoring data from 2001 to 2011 were collected from AIDS prevention and control information management system and Quzhou CDC,analyzed through epidemiological investigation and confirmed by western blot assay.Results: There were 239 HIV-positive cases in total from 2001 to 2011,including 214 HIV-positive cases and 25 AIDS patients;males(169 cases) were more than females(70 cases);most were detainees,accounting for 31.80%(76/239),followed by farmers/peasant-workers,accounting for 23.43%(56/239);the education degree concentrated on junior high school(45.61%) and primary school(27.20%);sexual transmission ranked first in the three spread routes(76.57%,183/239).Conclusion: AIDS was currently in mild infection stage in Quzhou,but showed a strong rising trend,so health education and behavior intervention should be strengthened to prevent the prevalence of AIDS.
Mass Incarceration, Parental Imprisonment, and the Great Recession: Intergenerational Sources of Severe Deprivation in America

What were the socioeconomic consequences for American youth of having a parent incarcerated during the 2008 Great Recession? We analyze a nationally representative panel study of adolescents who, when interviewed during this recession, were transitioning to and through early adulthood. Young adult children who have had a father or mother imprisoned are at increased risk of experiencing socioeconomic deprivation, including inadequate access to food. We build in this article on recent research showing that postsecondary education has become especially important in determining adult outcomes, and we demonstrate that higher educational attainment reduces intergenerational effects of parental imprisonment. The salient policy implication of this article may be the important protective role of education in reducing unprecedented risks and vulnerabilities imposed by mass parental incarceration.
Numerical evaluation of a screened Rutherford pencil beam solution

Two different numerical procedures are suggested for evaluating a previous analytic result for the scalar flux for the pencil beam problem with screened Rutherford scattering. The first of these is an asymptotic evaluation of a divergent integral, and the second is based upon an asymptotic expansion method due to Moliere. Both are relatively simple algorithms, and comparisons with each other and with benchmark Monte Carlo results are given to establish the accuracy of each.
Effects of electrode pattern on thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery:

In the current study, through a set of nail penetration and impact tests on modified lithium-ion battery coin half-cells, we examine the effects of electrode pattern on the heat generation behaviors associated with internal shorting. The results show that the temperature profile is quite insensitive to the openings in cathode layer, which may be attributed to the high specific energy as well as the secondary conductive paths. This finding will considerably influence the study in the area of thermal runaway mitigation of energy storage systems.
Queer brown voices: personal narratives of Latina/o LGBT activism

Jesus Chairez, founding president of the Gay Hispanic Coalition de Dallas, recalls a critical experience that shaped his lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism. In 1980, Chairez wa...
Algorithms for a Single Hormone Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas: Challenges Pertinent to Chemical Process Operations and Control

The development of a closed-loop artificial pancreas to regulate the blood glucose concentration of individuals with type 1 diabetes has been a focused area of research for over 50 years, with rapid progress during the past decade. The daily control challenges faced by someone with type 1 diabetes include asymmetric objectives and risks, and one-sided manipulated input action with frequent relatively fast disturbances. The major automation steps toward a closed-loop artificial pancreas include (i) monitoring and overnight alarms for hypoglycemia (low blood glucose); (ii) overnight low glucose suspend (LGS) systems to prevent hypoglycemia; and (iii) fully closed-loop systems that adjust insulin (and perhaps glucagon) to maintain desired blood glucose levels day and night. We focus on the steps that we used to develop and test a probabilistic, risk-based, model predictive control strategy for a fully closed-loop artificial pancreas. We complete the paper by discussing ramifications of lessons learned for chemical process systems applications.
Climate Change: Implications for the Assumptions, Goals and Methods of Urban Environmental Planning

As a result of increasing awareness of the implications of global climate change, shifts are becoming necessary and apparent in the assumptions, concepts, goals and methods of urban environmental planning. This review will present the argument that these changes represent a genuine paradigm shift in urban environmental planning. Reflection and action to develop this paradigm shift is critical now and in the next decades, because environmental planning for cities will only become more urgent as we enter a new climate period. The concepts, methods and assumptions that urban environmental planners have relied on in previous decades to protect people, ecosystems and physical structures are inadequate if they do not explicitly account for a rapidly changing regional climate context, specifically from a hydrological and ecological perspective. The over-arching concept of spatial suitability that guided planning in most of the 20th century has already given way to concepts that address sustainability, recognizing the importance of temporality. Quite rapidly, the concept of sustainability has been replaced in many planning contexts by the priority of establishing resilience in the face of extreme disturbance events. Now even this concept of resilience is being incorporated into a novel concept of urban planning as a process of adaptation to permanent, incremental environmental changes. This adaptation concept recognizes the necessity for continued resilience to extreme events, while acknowledging that permanent changes are also occurring as a result of trends that have a clear direction over time, such as rising sea levels. Similarly, the methods of urban environmental planning have relied on statistical data about hydrological and ecological systems that will not adequately describe these systems under a new climate regime. These methods are beginning to be replaced by methods that make use of early warning systems for regime shifts, and process-based quantitative models of regional system behavior that may soon be used to determine acceptable land uses. Finally, the philosophical assumptions that underlie urban environmental planning are changing to address new epistemological, ontological and ethical assumptions that support new methods and goals. The inability to use the past as a guide to the future, new prioritizations of values for adaptation, and renewed efforts to focus on intergenerational justice are provided as examples. In order to represent a genuine paradigm shift, this review argues that changes must begin to be evident across the underlying assumptions, conceptual frameworks, and methods of urban environmental planning, and be attributable to the same root cause. The examples presented here represent the early stages of a change in the overall paradigm of the discipline.
Prognostic significance of differential expression of angiogenic genes in women with invasive high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

5509 Background: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is an aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer associated with numerous genetic alterations and poor survival. Our objective was to i...
Profit-based Sensor Network Design using the Generalized Benders Decomposition

The problem of profit-based sensor network design for linear systems has been shown to be of the nonconvex mixed integer programming class. The branch and bound search procedure can be used to obtain a global solution, but such a method is limited to fairly small systems. The bottleneck is that in each iteration of the branch and bound search, a fairly slow Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problem must be solved to its global optimum. In this paper, we demonstrate that an equivalent reformulation of the nonconvex mixed integer programming problem and subsequent application of the Generalized Benders Decomposition (GBD) algorithm will result in massive computational effort reductions. While the proposed algorithm has to solve multiple mixed integer linear programs, this increase in computational effort is significantly outweighed by the reduction of SDP problems that must be solved.
Advancing Design Thinking Towards a Better Understanding of Self and Others

In teaching Design Thinking, two key aspects of the discipline continue to emerge: design's move away from materialism; and augmenting better problem-solving skills through self-awareness. The first anchors design in a process rather than a product, something that is native to the concept of Design Thinking. Whereas the second, anchors the designer (the problem-solver, or change agent) within a context. Designers who have a strong understanding of themselves, their own roles in problem-solving, and which perspective within the larger context they inhabit, are better equipped to understand the nuances and difficulties of solving problems for others.
Energy-matched moderate and high intensity exercise training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk independent of changes in body mass or abdominal adiposity - A randomized trial.

Abstract Background and Purpose Exercise training is commonly prescribed for individuals diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, consensus regarding the volume and intensity of exercise for optimal benefits is lacking. Thus, we determined whether high intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) produced greater reductions in intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content and NAFLD risk factors compared with energy-matched moderate intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) in obese adults with liver steatosis. Methods Eighteen obese adults were randomized to either 4 weeks of HIIT (4 min 80% VO2peak/3 min, 50% VO2peak) or MICT (55% VO2peak, ~ 60 min), matched for energy expenditure (~ 400 kcal/session) and compared to five non-exercising age-matched control subjects. IHL was measured by 1H-MRS and frequent blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and NEFA levels during a liquid meal test (180 min) to characterize metabolic phenotype. Results Baseline body weight, visceral abdominal adiposity, and fasting insulin concentrations were greater in the MICT vs HIIT group (P 0.05), albeit higher than control subjects (P 0.05). Both HIIT and MICT lowered IHL (HIIT, − 37.0 ± 12.4%; MICT, − 20.1 ± 6.6%, P Conclusions Collectively, these findings indicate that energy-matched high intensity and moderate intensity exercise are effective at decreasing IHL and NAFLD risk that is not contingent upon reductions in abdominal adiposity or body mass.
A comprehensive optimization strategy for real-time spatial feature sharing and visual analytics in cyberinfrastructure

For geospatial cyberinfrastructure-enabled web services, the ability of rapidly transmitting and sharing spatial data over the Internet plays a critical role to meet the demands of real-time change...
Countable π-character, countable compactness and PFA

Abstract Balogh proved that PFA , the Proper Forcing Axiom, implies that a countably compact space with countable tightness is either compact or contains an uncountable free sequence. Eisworth established the relevance to proper forcing of strengthening the countable tightness assumption to that of hereditary countable π-character. Eisworth proved that for any countably compact space with hereditary countable π-character there is a totally proper forcing that adds an uncountable free sequence. We extend these results by showing that PFA implies that countably compact spaces are closed in spaces that have hereditary countable π-character. This gives a countably compact version of the Moore–Mrowka problem in the class of spaces with hereditary countable π-character.
The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative

The movement from alchemy to chemistry may be viewed as a paradigm shift, but such characterization simplifies the extraordinary complexity of the transition and blurs the ways alchemy’s preoccupation with narrative continues to influence the new discipline. A register of such change appears in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, where one moves from the marvelous stories of monster births in the earliest volumes to the requests for astronomical data and soundings from the south seas in later ones.1 Transitions, displayed in passing in the Transactions, stand out in alchemy where multiple narrative strategies on the local as well as metalevel come into play.
A Citizen's Guide to Redistricting

A Citizen’s Guide to Redistricting provides engaged citizens with an accessible overview of redistricting for state and federal office. The guide is intended as an introduction for students of the redistricting process, and as a reference tool for practitioners, experts, policymakers, and academics. It offers a description of the procedural and substantive rules governing redistricting today, for state legislative and congressional districts in all 50 states, and reviews components of proposals for reform in the future. Replete with tables, illustrations, and maps, the Citizen’s Guide presents an enormous amount of information in accessible form, and provides a robust background for discussion as the next redistricting cycle approaches.(Written at Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law.)
Diagnostic Uses of Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine

This chapter presents information on the clinical uses of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. The presentation is based on individual organs and common diseases. For each organ, a brief description of anatomy, different radiopharmaceuticals, and techniques employed for imaging is included. For tumors and tissue-specific diseases, the pathophysiology of the disease, radiopharmaceuticals, and imaging techniques used for their detection are given. PET/CT and SPECT/CT are commonly used for imaging and their pros and cons discussed. The mechanism of radiotracer uptake in the organ and tissues is elucidated. Wherever appropriate, relevant data are presented in tables. Appropriate illustrations of images depicting normal and/or disease states in humans are provided in support of the contents in the text. Pertinent questions and references related to the chapter are added at the end.
On the therapy in clinical administration: Part II

Administrative decisions require a detailed knowledge of the social dynamics of a whole ward, as well as the psychodynamics of the individual patient. Proper administrative decisions are therapeutic interventions which provide corrective emotional experiences for the individual patient. These decisions presuppose the existence of proper techniques for the collection and exchange of information, as well as a scientific theory of human behavior in terms of which these data can be scrutinized.1
Diffeomorphic Upsampling of Serially Acquired Sparse 2D Cross-Sections in Cardiac MRI

In this paper, we propose a new technique for interpolating shapes in order to upsample a sparsely acquired serial-section image stack. The method is based on a maximum a posteriori estimation strategy which models neighboring sections as observations of random deformations of an image to be estimated. We show the computation of diffeomorphic trajectories between observed sections and define estimated upsampled image sections as a Jacobian-weighted sum of flowing images at corresponding distances along those trajectories. We apply this methodology to upsample stacks of sparse 2D magnetic resonance cross-sections through live mouse hearts. We show that the proposed method results in smoother and more accurate reconstructions over linear interpolation, and report a Dice coefficient of 0.8727 against ground truth segmentations in our dataset and statistically significant improvements in both left ventricular segmentation accuracy and image intensity estimates.
Gardening for Health: Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers to Implement Rural School and Community Gardens

Gardens provide access to healthy food, increase access to nutrition and physical activity opportunities, and are a focal point for community interventions. We used a gardening intervention to improve local access to and consumption of fruits and vegetables and as an integral part of overall efforts of local wellness coalitions. Seasonal garden coordinators were hired, and action plans included goals for nutrition and physical activity education programs and youth and adult engagement. The characteristics of each garden (size, items planted, number of volunteers) and pre- and post-intervention surveys were used to understand how the gardens affected communities. Thirteen gardens were planted, and volunteers provided 18,136 hours; adults from the community reported an increased awareness of garden benefits. The community garden intervention provided opportunities for collaboration with a variety of schools, community organizations, and city and tribal organizations, thereby increasing the sustainability of the intervention.
Positive Interventions in Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders, as the most common psychiatric condition (Kessler et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:593–602, 2005), pose a significant public health problem. Through our current disease model approach, while we have been studying weaknesses and problems causing anxiety disorders, we do not fully understand the biopsychosocial strengths that shield people from or help them overcome anxiety disorders. While clinicians are trained to elicit the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors at length, we still need to explore protective factors in more depth.
Telemedicine for the Care of Neuromuscular Disorders

Patients with neuromuscular disorders have complex, multimodal needs. Weakness, fatigue, distance, and resources often limit access to health care. This review aims to summarize the progress to date on synchronous (real-time) telemedicine visits and asynchronous (store-and-forward) telehealth data collection in order to identify ways in which these can fill gaps in health care for these patients. Most of the research on telemedicine for neuromuscular disorders has been done with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Synchronous videoconferencing has been shown to be feasible and acceptable to these patients and their caregivers, to be cost-effective, and to be able to be successfully incorporated into ALS multidisciplinary care. In-home monitoring of respiratory function, gait, and voice can also reduce patient and caregiver burden. Non-motor accompaniments, such as cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric symptoms, are frequent in patients with neuromuscular disorders and potentially also amenable to management via telemedicine. Telemedicine appears to offer increased access to high-quality, multidisciplinary care for patients with neuromuscular disorders. Its high acceptability by patients, and reduced costs and non-financial burdens, enhances the ability to care for this underserved patient population. Additional studies of health-related outcomes are needed to assess the overall value of telemedicine.
Infections or Sepsis Preceding Clinically Diagnosed α-Synucleinopathies: A Case-Control Study.

Background Several studies have proposed a role for infections to induce an inflammatory response triggering Parkinson's disease. This remains controversial and the influence of severe infections on other α-synucleinopathies (Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's disease dementia, and Multiple System Atrophy) has not been adequately investigated. Objectives To assess the association between hospitalization-required infections or sepsis and risk of clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathies. Methods Using the medical records-linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project), we identified all α-synucleinopathy cases of in Olmsted County (1991-2010). Cases were matched by symptom-onset age and sex to controls. We reviewed complete medical records to detect hospital-required infections or sepsis preceding clinical-motor onset of α-synucleinopathies. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio of all α-synucleinopathies, adjusting for medications, coffee, and smoking. Results There was no association between infection-related hospitalization (odds ratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 0.78-1.40; P = 0.76) or sepsis (odds ratio: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.40-1.85; P = 0.70) and all α-synucleinopathies in multivariable analyses. We did not identify any associations after stratifying for type of α-synucleinopathy, sex, and age at clinical-motor onset. We analyzed sepsis separately with similar results. Conclusion We did not observe any associations between infections leading to hospitalization or sepsis and development of any α-synucleinopathies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The effect of animacy on object pronoun distinctions in L2 Spanish

Abstract When acquiring Spanish object pronouns (OP), English-speaking second language (L2) learners must learn the variety of forms available, word order, and case distinctions. The acquisition of case distinctions in particular is an aspect that has not been thoroughly investigated. Zyzik (2006) showed, through production tasks, that English-speaking L2 Spanish learners overgeneralize the dative form to accusative contexts when the referent is animate. This study investigates how L2 learners use animacy (human, animal, and inanimate object) instead of case marking as cues to interpret and produce L2 Spanish object pronouns. Data from an interpretation task and a fill-in-the-blank production task were collected from 121 intermediate to advanced levels of Spanish learners. Results from linear mixed effects models reveal that learners show effects of the influence of animacy on object pronoun distinction in comprehension as well as production. A key new finding is that learners use the dative form with human referents, reserving accusative forms for animals and inanimate referents. These results provide evidence that animacy cues strongly influence L2 Spanish learners in the formation of their OP paradigm, especially at lower-proficiency levels. As proficiency increases, L2 learners begin to rely on case cues to distinguish Spanish OPs.
Minimum-wage Connoisseurship and Everyday Boundary Maintenance: Brewing Inequality in Third Wave Coffee:

The shift from Fordism to post-Fordism in the United States introduced vast changes to production and consumption practices. In contrast to the commercial enterprises of Fordism, the post-Fordist e...
Drug Conditioning and Sensitization in Mice: Importance of Early Voluntary Exercise

Abstract The timing of voluntary exercise relative to drug conditioning is important to its “neuroprotective” effects, though it is unclear whether the voluntary exercise needs to occur temporally contiguous with drug conditioning, or occur during an early, developmental period, but non-contiguous with drug conditioning, for its “neuroprotective” effects. To distinguish between these two ideas, the timing of voluntary exercise relative to drug conditioning on the development and extinction of conditioned hyperactivity, and induction of sensitization was manipulated in the present experiment. Specifically, half of the exercise mice were permitted access to home-cage running wheels for 6 continuous weeks (Exercise-Exercise) whereas the other half of the exercise mice were permitted access to home-cage running wheels only for the first 3 weeks and then had the wheels removed (Exercise-Sedentary). Likewise, half of the sedentary mice had no home-cage running wheels for 6 continuous weeks (Sedentary-Sedentary) whereas the other half of the sedentary mice were permitted access to the home-cage running wheels for the last 3 weeks prior to the acquisition phase (Sedentary-Exercise). Mice received vehicle or methamphetamine (Meth; 1.0 mg/kg; acquisition), followed by saline-alone sessions (extinction) and finally challenged with an escalating Meth-regimen (0.25 → 1.0 mg/kg). While all Meth-paired groups, regardless of exercise regimen, showed conditioned hyperactivity, Exercise-Exercise and Exercise-Sedentary mice were less responsive to chronic Meth exposure and showed slower extinction compared to the other Meth-paired groups. These results suggest an early exercise regimen, during a critical developmental window, protects against the stimulant properties of Meth and simultaneously facilitates contextual learning.
Pharmacist and physician perception of barriers to collaborative drug therapy management in Missouri

Abstract Background Collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) rules were implemented in 2012 in Missouri, but community pharmacists are currently not working with physicians to implement services. Purpose This study aims to uncover barriers to CDTM adoption by Missouri community pharmacists and outpatient physicians. Methods A nine question, cross-sectional survey was mailed to a sample of 500 community pharmacists and 500 outpatient physicians in Missouri. Surveys were designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding CDTM. Discussion A total of 103 community pharmacists (21.7%) and 23 outpatient physicians (4.7%) completed the survey. Pharmacists identified concerns about operational barriers such as time (93.2%), and reimbursement for services (80.6%). Physicians indicated concern with clinical risks, including potential disconnect between providers (70%) and inadequate pharmacist training (63.6%). Conclusions Demonstration of clinical abilities and development of working relationships with physicians is important for the implementation of CDTM. Development of standardized reimbursement models and workflow models should be further evaluated.
Design and Implementation of Full-Scale Industrial Control System Test Bed for Assessing Cyber-Security Defenses

In response to the increasing awareness of the Ethernet-based threat surface of industrial control systems (ICS), both the research and commercial communities are responding with ICS-specific security solutions. Unfortunately, many of the properties of ICS environments that contribute to the extent of this threat surface (e.g. age of devices, inability or unwillingness to patch, criticality of the system) similarly prevent the proper testing and evaluation of these security solutions. Production environments are often too fragile to introduce unvetted technology and most organizations lack test environments that are sufficiently consistent with production to yield actionable results. Cost and space requirements prevent the creation of mirrored physical environments leading many to look towards simulation or virtualization. Examples in literature provide various approaches to building ICS test beds, though most of these suffer from a lack of realism due to contrived scenarios, synthetic data and other compromises. In this paper, we provide a design methodology for building highly realistic ICS test beds for validating cybersecurity defenses. We then apply that methodology to the design and building of a specific test bed and describe the results and experimental use cases.
Real-Time Execution of Large-scale Language Models on Mobile

Pre-trained large-scale language models have increasingly demonstrated high accuracy on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the limited weight storage and computational speed on hardware platforms have impeded the popularity of pre-trained models, especially in the era of edge computing. In this paper, we seek to find the best model structure of BERT for a given computation size to match specific devices. We propose the first compiler-aware neural architecture optimization framework. Our framework can guarantee the identified model to meet both resource and real-time specifications of mobile devices, thus achieving real-time execution of large transformer-based models like BERT variants. We evaluate our model on several NLP tasks, achieving competitive results on well-known benchmarks with lower latency on mobile devices. Specifically, our model is 5.2x faster on CPU and 4.1x faster on GPU with 0.5-2% accuracy loss compared with BERT-base. Our overall framework achieves up to 7.8x speedup compared with TensorFlow-Lite with only minor accuracy loss.
Vitamin D Deficiency and its Effects on Tooth Structure and pulpal changes

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that produced primarily by sunlight exposure or obtained from dietary sources, including supplements. The persons who are normally at risk of Vitamin D deficiency are those with scarce of sun exposure and diminished intestinal absorption or limited oral intake. Teeth are nothing but mineralized structure which is enclosed by alveolar bone and are developed by 3 different hard tissues such as dentin, enamel, and cementum. Vitamin D plays a predominant vital part in the tooth and bone mineralization, and it can result in rachitic tooth when the levels get unregulated. Studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency causes hypocalcified dentin and delayed tooth eruption; thus, representing that Vitamin D has a crucial role in dentin formation as well. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health are not only limited to the direct effects on the tooth mineralization but are also applied through ability to stimulate the production of anti-microbial peptides. In this article, we will briefly discuss the influence on Vitamin D level on the oral and pulpal health.
Emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 E484K variant of interest in Arizona

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is locked in a high-stakes arms race between the dynamics of rising population immunity and escape mutations. The E484K mutation in the spike protein reduces neutralization by post-vaccination sera and monoclonal antibody therapeutics. We detected the emergence of an E484K harboring variant B.1.243.1 from a common circulating variant (B.1.243) in the United States. In contrast to other instances when the E484K mutation was acquired independently in the parental lineage, genomic surveillance indicates that the B.1.243.1 variant of interest is in the process of being established in Arizona and beginning to cross state borders to New Mexico and Texas. Genomic, epidemiologic and phylogenetic evidence indicates that the B.1.243.1 variant of interest is poised to emerge. These findings demonstrate the critical need to continue tracking SARS-CoV-2 in real-time to inform public health strategies, diagnostics, medical countermeasures and vaccines.
The Influence of Customer Involvement in Data Analytics on Innovation: An Abstract

This research suggests that customer engagement goes beyond the task of providing data for new product development (NPD), and that customers may play a more active role in data analytics. We view customer involvement in data analytics as consisting of two aspects: Customer as Data Provider (CDP), defined as customers (passively) providing data through different channels; and Customer as Data Analyst (CDA), defined as customers (actively) participating in data analytics, such as acquisition and implementation, to co-develop innovative outputs. While CDP is consistent with the mainstream research on data analytics, CDA introduces a new aspect of customer involvement in data analytics practice.
Temporal Changes and Clinical Implications of Delayed Peridevice Leak Following Left Atrial Appendage Closure

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes and clinical implications of peridevice leak (PDL) after left atrial appendage closure. Background Endocardial left atrial appendage closure devices are alternatives to long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) for patients with atrial fibrillation. PDL > 5 mm may prohibit discontinuation of OAC. Methods Patients included in the study had: 1) successful Watchman device implantation without immediate PDL; 2) new PDL identified at 45 to 90 days using transesophageal echocardiography; 3) eligibility for OAC; and 4) 1 follow-up transesophageal echocardiographic study for PDL surveillance. Relevant clinical and imaging data were collected by chart review. The combined primary outcome included failure to stop OAC after 45 to 90 days, transient ischemic attack or stroke, device-related thrombi, and need for PDL closure. Results Relevant data were reviewed for 1,039 successful Watchman device implantations. One hundred eight patients (10.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The average PDL at 45 to 90 days was 3.2 ± 1.6 mm. On the basis of a median PDL of 3 mm, patients were separated into ≤3 mm (n = 73) and >3 mm (n = 35) groups. In the ≤3 mm group, PDL regressed significantly (2.2 ± 0.8 mm vs 1.6 ± 1.4 mm; P = 0.002) after 275 ± 125 days. In the >3 mm group, there was no significant change in PDL (4.9 ± 1.4 mm vs 4.0 ± 3.0 mm; P = 0.12) after 208 ± 137 days. The primary outcome occurred more frequently (69% vs 34%; P = 0.002) in the >3 mm group. The incidence of transient ischemic attack or stroke in patients with PDL was significantly higher compared with patients without PDL, irrespective of PDL size. Conclusions New PDL detected by transesophageal echocardiography at 45 to 90 days occurred in a significant percentage of patients and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. PDL ≤ 3 mm tended to regress over time.
Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in the Legal Profession: An Annotated Bibliography

This annotated bibliography collects publications from 2000 to 2018 that touch upon one or both of the title issues, mental health concerns or substance use disorders, in association with any area of the legal profession or any stage of a legal professional’s career. There is a wealth of information available that addresses these issues. In the literature the authors find (1) data documenting the reality of burnout, psychological disabilities, and substance use disorders that take hold of high functioning individuals at all stages in their legal careers and in all areas of the legal community; (2) anecdata calling attention to the personal experiences of those brave enough to disclose their unquiet minds in a time when denial and discrimination are still standard practices; and (3) institutional commentary reporting on the need for balance and wellness in a traditionally adversarial profession where the capacity to withstand, overcome, or hide mental anguish is often an entry level requirement. Despite the authors’ search for significant and important publications, some works may have been unintentionally missed and not included. Accordingly, this annotated bibliography is not meant to be all-inclusive. The impact of these issues is being felt throughout the legal community and the universe of information is steadily evolving as more legal scholars, law school administrators, professional associations, and legal practitioners turn their attention to these subjects. To address concerns about this annotated bibliography’s currency, the authors are developing a companion research guide that will build upon this publication. The research guide will be maintained by the authors on their law school library websites and accessible to the public. The authors of this annotated bibliography are law librarians working in separate academic law libraries, with past work experience in the public and private legal sectors. Beyond their professional commitment to equitable access to information, both authors also have close personal connections to the mental health community and are advocates for more attention and sensitivity to the complexity of brain disorders and psychological health within the legal profession. The goal of this project is to help move the legal profession further down the path to dissolving stigma and solidifying practices that prioritize wellness in the legal profession by openly and strategically discussing mental illness and addiction, starting in law schools. The pervasive but concealed nature of mental illness and substance use issues in law student and lawyer populations is disturbingly unsustainable for the legal community.
The U.S. Labor Relations System after Janus v. AFSCME: an Early Assessment

In 2018, anti-union organizations accomplished one of their top goals by convincing the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn 40 years of precedent and declare union security clauses in the public sector unconstitutional. Many predicted such a decision would lead to the end of public sector unions, but thus far that has not occurred. Nor has the labor relations system, of which these fees were an integral part, crumbled. This article looks at what has happened in the two years since the decision came down, including the continuing efforts to deprive unions of membership and funding, and the union responses. The article also looks at other recent trends in labor relations – a significant uptick in the number of strikes and the growth of social movement unionism. The trends provide hints that the country may be on the cusp of a transformative moment in labor relations. Significant questions remain, however, about what the future will bring.
Hypertensive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy crisis resolved with transvenous pacing guided by bedside echocardiography

Cardiogenic shock due to hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HoCM) crisis presents a clinical challenge as pharmacologic vasopressor and/or inotropic support can compromise hemodynamics and acute afterload reduction worsens left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Hypertensive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HHoCM) is an entity mostly affecting elderly hypertensive women and could present with a clinical phenotype similar to HoCM crisis. We present a case of an 81-year-old female patient with HHoCM complicated by severe mitral regurgitation, in cardiogenic shock, in whom hemodynamic stability was restored with transvenous pacing guided by bedside echocardiography to optimize rate, left ventricle (LV) filling time, and cardiac output.