cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carabidae population dynamics and temporal partitioning: response to coupled neonicotinoid-transgenic technologies in maize.

ABSTRACT Insecticidal Bt crops and seed treatments represent additional pest management tools for growers, prompting ecological studies comparing their impact on farm system inputs and effects to nontarget organisms compared with conventional practices. Using high taxonomic and temporal resolution, we contrast the dominance structure of carabids and dynamics of the most abundant species in maize (both sweet and field corn) agroecosystems using pest management tactics determined by the purchase of seed and application of pyrethroid insecticides. In the seed-based treatments, sweet corn contained Cry1Ab/c proteins, whereas field corn contained the coupled technology of Cry3Bb1 proteins for control of corn rootworm and neonicotinoid seed treatments aimed at secondary soil-borne pests. The insecticide treatments involved foliar pyrethroids in sweet corn and at-planting pyrethroids in field corn. The carabid community, comprised of 49 species, was dominated by four species, Scarites quadriceps Chaudoir, Poecil...
The role of connexins in ear and skin physiology — Functional insights from disease-associated mutations

Defects in several different connexins have been associated with several different diseases. The most common of these is deafness, where a few mutations in connexin (Cx) 26 have been found to contribute to over 50% of the incidence of non-syndromic deafness in different human populations. Other mutations in Cx26 or Cx30 have also been associated with various skin phenotypes linked to deafness (palmoplanta keratoderma, Bart-Pumphrey syndrome, Vohwinkel syndrome, keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, etc.). The large array of disease mutants offers unique opportunities to gain insights into the underlying function of gap junction proteins and their channels in the normal and pathogenic physiologies of the cochlea and epidermis. This review focuses on those mutants where the impact on channel function has been assessed, and correlated with the disease phenotype, or organ function in knock-out mouse models. These approaches have provided evidence supporting a role of gap junctions and hemichannels in K(+) removal and recycling in the ear, as well as possible roles for nutrient passage, in the cochlea. In contrast, increases in hemichannel opening leading to increased cell death, were associated with several keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome skin disease/hearing mutants. In addition to providing clues for therapeutic strategies, these findings allow us to better understand the specific functions of connexin channels that are important for normal tissue function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The communicating junctions, roles and dysfunctions.
Preference queries over sets

We propose a “logic + SQL” framework for set preferences. Candidate best sets are represented using profiles consisting of scalar features. This reduces set preferences to tuple preferences over set profiles. We propose two optimization techniques: superpreference and M-relation. Superpreference targets dominated profiles. It reduces the input size by filtering out tuples not belonging to any best k-subset. M-relation targets repeated profiles. It consolidates tuples that are exchangeable with regard to the given set preference, and therefore avoids redundant computation of the same profile. We show the results of an experimental study that demonstrates the efficacy of the optimizations.
Circuit power estimation using pattern recognition techniques

This paper proposes a circuit power estimation method using Bayesian inference and neural networks. Based on statistical distribution of circuit leakage power and switching energy, the entire state and transition space of a circuit are classified using neural networks into a limited few classes that represent different power consumption average values. This technique enables efficient table-lookup of circuit power of the entire state and transition space. Theoretical basis of Bayesian inference, feature extraction for neural networks of circuit leakage power and switching energy are discussed. Experiments on a wide range of circuit topologies demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method for estimating circuit leakage power of all possible states and switching energy of all possible transitions.
How will waveform diversity affect electromagnetic compatibility

This paper will provide a general overview of the new research area called waveform diversity (WD), and its potential impact to the EMC community. The scope of research that is considered WD is broad in both technical content and application. The two main application areas are radar and communications across the RF spectrum. WD is beginning to transition from theory to operational systems, and the effect on RF design and EMC analysis may be significant. This paper will describe WD, what has motivated people to research it, and potential effects to the EMC community.
The size and genetic composition of virus-specific RNAs in the cytoplasm of cells producing avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses

Abstract The genome of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) contains four known genes: gag , encoding structural proteins of the viral core; pol , encoding the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase; env , encoding the glycoprotein(s) of the viral envelope; and src , which is responsible for neoplastic transformation of the host cell. We have located these genes on virus-specific RNAs in cells productively infected with both nondefective and defective strains of ASV by using molecular hybridization with DNAs complementary to specific portions of the ASV genome. The cytoplasm of cells producing nondefective ASV contains three species of polyadenylated virus-specific RNA, each of which has chemical polarity identical to that of the viral genome. The largest species has a molecular weight of 3.3 × 10 6 daltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 38S, encodes all four viral genes, and is probably identical to the viral genome. A second species has a molecular weight of 1.8 × 10 6 daltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 28S, and encodes the 3′ half of the viral genome, including env, src and a genetically silent region known as "c." The smallest species has a molecular weight of 1.2 × 10 6 daltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 21S, and encodes only src and "c." All three species of virus-specific RNA contain nucleotide sequences at least partially homologous to a sequence of 101 nucleotides found at the extreme 5′ end of the ASV genome. This sequence may not be present in the portions of the ASV genome which encode the 28S and 21S virus-specific RNAs, and hence may be joined to these RNAs during their maturation from precursor molecules. The size and genetic composition of virus-specific RNAs in cells producing defective deletion mutants reflect the nature of the deletion. Deletions of either src or env eliminate the 28S virus-specific RNA, leaving a 21S RNA (which contains either env and "c" in the case of src deletions or src and "c" in the case of env deletions) and a 35S RNA which is probably identical to the viral genome. Based on these and related results, we propose a model for viral gene expression which conforms to previous suggestions that eucaryotic cells initiate translations only at the 5′ termini of messenger RNAs.
Simplified proteomics approach to discover protein–ligand interactions

Identifying targets of biologically active small molecules is an essential but still challenging task in drug research and chemical genetics. Energetics-based target identification is an approach that utilizes the change in the conformational stabilities of proteins upon ligand binding in order to identify target proteins. Different from traditional affinity-based capture approaches, energetics-based methods do not require any labeling or immobilization of the test molecule. Here, we report a surprisingly simple version of energetics-based target identification, which only requires ion exchange chromatography, SDS PAGE, and minimal use of mass spectrometry. The complexity of a proteome is reduced through fractionation by ion exchange chromatography. Urea-induced unfolding of proteins in each fraction is then monitored by the significant increase in proteolytic susceptibility upon unfolding in the presence and the absence of a ligand. Proteins showing a different degree of unfolding with the ligand are identified by SDS PAGE followed by mass spectrometry. Using this approach, we identified ATP-binding proteins in the Escherichia coli proteome. In addition to known ATP-binding proteins, we also identified a number of proteins that were not previously known to interact with ATP. To validate one such finding, we cloned and purified phosphoglyceromutase, which was not previously known to bind ATP, and confirmed that ATP indeed stabilizes this protein. The combination of fractionation and pulse proteolysis offers an opportunity to investigate protein–drug or protein–metabolite interactions on a proteomic scale with minimal instrumentation and without modification of a molecule of interest.
Percutaneous Fenestration and Stenting of Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissections

1. Initial evaluation requires demonstration of the upper and lower limits of the dissection flap and the characteristics of each branch vessel obstruction. 2. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is invaluable in assessing the location of the guidewires whether in true or false lumen. IVUS also is an excellent supplement to pressure measurements in determining the effectiveness of the therapy. Angiography alone is often deceptive. The pressurization of the true or false lumen with contrast may distort the in vivo position of the intimal flap.
Search for Rare and Forbidden Charm Meson Decays at Fermilab E791

We report the results of a blind search for flavor-changing neutral current, lepton-flavor violating, and lepton-number violating decays of D+, D(s)+, and D0 mesons (and their antiparticles) into modes containing muons and electrons. Using data from Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791, we examine the pi l l and K l l decay modes of D+ and D(s)+ and the l+ l- decay modes of D0. No evidence for any of these decays is found. Therefore, we present branching-fraction upper limits at 90% confidence level for the 24 decay modes examined. Eight of these modes have no previously reported limits, and fourteen are reported with significant improvements over previously published results.
Using "Adaptive resurf" to improve the SOA of LDMOS transistors

Measured SOA is compared with simulations for field gap LDMOS transistors. The utility of an n-type "resurf" or "nfield" implant under the field oxide is considered. For a fixed VDS, it is shown that there is an optimum value of nfield dose.
Subendocardial ischemia without coronary artery disease: is elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure the culprit?

Background: The aim was to investigate the association between elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and subendocardial ischemia.Methods: A retrospective chart review was perform...
Statistical predictability in the atmosphere and other dynamical systems

Abstract Ensemble predictions are an integral part of routine weather and climate prediction because of the sensitivity of such projections to the specification of the initial state. In many discussions it is tacitly assumed that ensembles are equivalent to probability distribution functions (p.d.f.s) of the random variables of interest. In general for vector valued random variables this is not the case (not even approximately) since practical ensembles do not adequately sample the high dimensional state spaces of dynamical systems of practical relevance. In this contribution we place these ideas on a rigorous footing using concepts derived from Bayesian analysis and information theory. In particular we show that ensembles must imply a coarse graining of state space and that this coarse graining implies loss of information relative to the converged p.d.f. To cope with the needed coarse graining in the context of practical applications, we introduce a hierarchy of entropic functionals. These measure the information content of multivariate marginal distributions of increasing order. For fully converged distributions (i.e. p.d.f.s) these functionals form a strictly ordered hierarchy. As one proceeds up the hierarchy with ensembles instead however, increasingly coarser partitions are required by the functionals which implies that the strict ordering of the p.d.f. based functionals breaks down. This breakdown is symptomatic of the necessarily limited sampling by practical ensembles of high dimensional state spaces and is unavoidable for most practical applications. In the second part of the paper the theoretical machinery developed above is applied to the practical problem of mid-latitude weather prediction. We show that the functionals derived in the first part all decline essentially linearly with time and there appears in fact to be a fairly well defined cut off time (roughly 45 days for the model analyzed) beyond which initial condition information is unimportant to statistical prediction.
Über Aminoalkoholester von Hydroxyboranen, II. Boroxazolidine; IR-Spektren und Stickstoff-Bor-Koordination

Es wird uber die IR-Spektren von 12 Boroxazolidinen im Gebiet zwischen 700 und 1700 cm−1 berichtet. Diese Spektren sprechen fur das Vorhandensein einer NB-Koordinationsbindung im kristallisierten Zustand.
Cellular and molecular features that stabilize rolling on selectins under flow

We analyzed rolling of neutrophils or transfected CHO cells expressing PSGL-1 on immobilized P-selectin in a flow chamber. After tethering, cells initially rolled rapidly and unstably but then progressively rolled more slowly and more regularly. Small, uniform rolling steps occurred in cells that developed multiple long adhesive tethers, as visualized by both scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. Deletion of the cytoplasmic domain of PSGL-1 impaired cytoskeletal interactions and rolling stability but did not prevent extrusions of membrane tethers.
Robust digital tracking controller design for high-speed positioning systems-a new design approach and implementation techniques

This paper offers extensions to a previously proposed and implemented robust digital tracking controller design for a high-speed positioning system. The previous design exhibited excellent tracking performance in spite of friction and parameter variations in the plant, but required the use of a high performance CPU and a high-resolution feedback encoder. In this paper, a new discrete-time design method is proposed to relax these requirements. Experimental results show that similar levels of tracking performance can be achieved at slower sampling rates. Further, difficulties associated with controller parameter scaling are reduced. Finally, sensitivity to low-amplitude high-frequency limit cycles due to encoder quantizing errors are reduced in the new design.
Anti-lewisite activity and stability of Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid

Abstract Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and the sodium salt of 2,3- dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) are analogous in chemical structure to dimercaprol (BAL, British Anti-Lewisite). Dimercaprol was among the first therapeutically useful metal chelating agents and was developed originally as an anti-lewisite agent. Either DMSA or DMPS protects rabbits from the lethal systemic action of dichloro (2-chlorovinyl) arsine (29.7 μmols/kg, also known as lewisite. The analogs are active in this respect when given either sc or po. The stability of each of the three dimercapto compounds in distilled H2O, pH 7.0 at 24°, has been examined for seven days. DMSA retained 82% of its mercapto groups, but no titratable mercapto groups remained in the DMPS or BAL solutions. At pH 5.0, however, there was no striking difference in the stability of the three dimercapto compounds (78–87%) over a seven day period. DMSA and DMPS warrent further investigation as water soluble metal binding agents in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Intimate partner violence perpetration among men and emergency department use

Abstract >Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and emergency department (ED) use share common risk factors, such as risk-taking behaviors, but little is known about the relationship between IPV perpetration and ED use or the effect of risk-taking on this relationship. Study Objectives: This study examined the relationship between IPV perpetration, risk-taking, and ED utilization among men in the general U.S. population. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, focusing on non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic male respondents 18–49 years of age cohabiting with a spouse or partner. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Approximately 38% of IPV perpetrators reported ED use in the previous year, compared to 24% of non-perpetrators. Several risk-taking factors (e.g., perception of risk-taking, transportation-related risk-taking, and aggression-related arrest), alcohol and illicit drug use and abuse or dependence, and serious mental illness were positively associated with IPV perpetration. Men reporting IPV were 1.5 times (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.13) more likely than non-perpetrators to utilize the ED, after taking all factors into account. Drug abuse or dependence, transportation-related risk behaviors, and serious mental illness also were independently associated with ED use. Conclusions: The results indicate that men who perpetrate IPV are more likely than non-perpetrators to use ED services. These findings suggest that screening for IPV, as well as risk-taking and mental illness among men accessing ED services may increase opportunities for intervention and referral.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the dynamic response of electronic systems: a study of the interactions of molding compound and die attach adhesive, with regards to package cracking

This paper presents a technique to study the sensitivity of the dynamic response of an electronic system as a function of some of its design parameters. In this approach the system parameters are defined in terms of some nominal value plus a deviatoric component. Different sensitivity measures for the electronic component response are characterized in terms of the statistical moments of the response or the coefficient of variation. This method is expected to be useful in the design, analysis and qualification of electronic components. >
Aqueous humor factors and their effect on the immune response in the anterior chamber

The immune response to antigens within the anterior chamber is deviant (anterior chamber associated immune deviation - ACAID) in that delayed hypersensitivity is deficient, whereas other immune effector modalities are intact. Experimental evidence indicates that the eye itself is critical to the induction of ACAID. We have examined the antigen processing and presenting potential of cells within the anterior segment of the eye, and have analyzed the potential immunoregulatory properties of these cells, their secretory products, and the aqueous humor itself. Evidence indicates that bone marrow-derived cells within the stroma of the iris and ciliary body inhibit antigen-driven T lymphocyte activation, although they themselves lack the capacity to present antigens to T lymphocytes. The mechanism is in part through secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Since aqueous humor contains similar cytokines, it is inferred that these molecules are constitutively secreted. We have determined that a major inhibitory molecule within normal aqueous humor is transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), which inhibits antigen processing and presentation, and suppresses both T lymphocyte activation and certain aspects of non-specific inflammation. These effects also turn out to be properties of normal aqueous humor. These findings support the hypothesis that local features of the eye modify intraocular antigens such that an ACAID-inducing signal is produced. Experimental evidence suggests that these same properties may play a major role in suppressing efferent immune responses in the eye.
Efficient and scalable side pumping scheme for short high-power optical fiber lasers and amplifiers

A new and simple method of pumping short high-power optical fiber lasers and amplifiers is described. In our approach, several passive coreless optical fibers are brought into direct contact alongside a single rare-earth doped active fiber which constitutes the active medium of the laser (amplifier). Pump light is delivered through the passive coreless fibers and penetrates into the active fiber via evanescent field coupling. To enhance the pump absorption in the gain medium, high-order spatial modes are excited in the pump delivery fibers, and an active fiber with high concentration of the dopant ions is used. As a demonstration of the viability of our approach, test results are reported on a 12-cm-long Er/sup +3/-Yb/sup +3/ codoped phosphate glass fiber laser. The laser output reaches 5 W using 23-W pumping into six coreless fibers. Above threshold, the laser has /spl sim/24% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (with /spl sim/64% being the theoretical maximum). The linearity of the input-output characteristic for the laser suggests that the output power can be scaled up by applying higher pump power.
Searchlight CT: a new reconstruction method for collimated X-ray tomography

The method presented in this paper aims to reduce the overall radiation exposure from X-ray CT scans when only the reconstruction of a region of interest is required. To achieve this goal, the Searchlight CT algorithm restricts the acquisition to X-rays passing mainly through the region of interest. The algorithm uses an iteration of the X-ray transform and of a regularized inverse, which converges rapidly and for which generic conditions of converges are provided. The performance of the Searchlight CT algorithm is illustrated on both phantom and experimental data.
First Larval Description of Paraleptophlebia calcarica Rowbotham and Allen (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)

The larva and female adult of Paraleptophlebia calcarica are described for the first time, based on reared and additional material from Kansas. These new records represent the first report of P. calcarica since its original description from Arkansas. Paraleptophlebia calcarica larvae may be distinguished from congeners by characters associated with the mouthparts, abdominal gills, and caudal filaments. Larvae of P. calcarica inhabit intermittent streams. New Kansas records are noted for P. ontario and Leptophlebia intermedia, which may cohabit with P. calcarica.
REMARKS OF THE GENERAL DISCUSSANT: A DISTINCTIVELY AMERICAN ECONOMICS? WHAT WE KNOW, WHAT WE DON’T KNOW, AND WHY IT MATTERS

The history of economics in the US prior to the twentieth century remains a distinctly under-explored subject—a lacuna that the present symposium seeks to fill, if only in part. Building on the articles that appear in the symposium, this essay takes up a small set of thematic issues related to the developments in American economics in the nineteenth century and points to the issues and challenges in writing the history of this important period.
Threshold-Based Antenna Selection Algorithm for Dense Cloud Radio Access Networks

In this paper, we propose a threshold-based antenna selection algorithm for uplink dense cloud radio access networks (C- RANs), where a baseband processor unit (BBU) cloud is separately placed from densely deployed remote radio heads (RRHs). The proposed algorithm consists of two phases. In the first phase, each RRH determines whether to be included or not in a candidate set by using a predefined selection threshold. In the second phase, a RRH is randomly selected within the candidate set made in the first phase. By modeling the network with a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP), the signal- to-interference ratio (SIR) complementary cumulative distribu- tion function (CCDF) is derived when applying the proposed algorithm. Exploiting the derived expression, an approximate optimum selection threshold that maximizes the SIR coverage performance is obtained in terms of relevant system parameters, chiefly the SIR target, the pathloss exponent, and the RRH and user densities. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the obtained selection threshold. The key advantage of the proposed algorithm is its simplicity. Since the complexity caused by selecting a RRH is reasonable irrespective of the density of the RRH while guaranteeing the certain performance, the proposed algorithm is easily applied in a C-RAN where the RRHs are densely deployed.
Evaluation of Waste Activated Sludge (Citrus) as a Source of Xanthophyll Pigment for Laying Hens and Broilers

Abstract In each of two trials, Cobb color-sexed broilers and a commercial strain of White Leghorn hens were fed diets containing either waste activated sludge (citrus) or yellow corn as the pigment source. Diets were formulated to contain xanthophyll levels of .93, 1.87, 2.81, and 3.74 mg xanthophyll/kg diet from either yellow corn or waste activated sludge (citrus). These xanthophyll levels were supplied by 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% citrus sludge, respectively. Broiler shanks and egg yolks were evaluated colorimetrically for pigmentation. The xanthophyll in citrus sludge was not deposited in either egg yolks or broiler shanks to the same extent as was the xanthophyll present in yellow corn at any of the dietary xanthophyll levels tested. In the broiler studies, it appeared that xanthophyll from citrus sludge was deposited in the shank skin only in extremely small amounts, while in the laying hen studies, there did appear to be sufficient deposition of citrus sludge xanthophyll to provide adequate pigmentation for table eggs. This was partly due to the “more red” xanthophylls from citrus sludge as compared to those obtained from yellow corn.
The Relationship between Objective Criteria and Subjective Judgements in Performance Appraisal

The article looks at the findings of a study examining the extent to which relative performance of organization subunits on a set of quantitative measures of performance is in agreement with judgme...
Alternative Macrophage Activation Is Increased in Asthma.

The immune responses of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) play an important role in asthma and promote the differentiation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages have been increasingly understood to contribute to Th2 immunity. We hypothesized that M2 macrophages are altered in asthma and modulate Th2 responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and function of human monocyte-derived M2 and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages from healthy control subjects and subjects with asthma. Phenotypic characteristics and effector function of M2 macrophages were examined using monocyte-derived and BALF macrophages obtained from subjects with asthma (n = 28) and healthy volunteers (n = 9) by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Resting monocyte-derived (M0) and M2 macrophages were generated by the addition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus IL-4, respectively. M2 macrophage cytokine expression and their impact on dendritic and CD4+ T cell activation were examined in vitro. High levels of CD206 and major histocompatibility complex class II expression identify macrophages with an M2 phenotype that are increased 2.9-fold in the BALF of subjects with asthma compared with control subjects. M2 macrophages have elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 production compared with conventional macrophages and modulate dendritic and CD4+ T cell interactions. Histamine receptor 1 and E-cadherin expression identify M2 macrophage subsets associated with increased airflow obstruction. M2 macrophages have a distinct cell surface and effector phenotype and are found in increased numbers in subjects with asthma. These findings suggest that M2 macrophages may play an important role in allergic asthma through their bidirectional interactions with immune and structural cells, and inflammatory mediators.
Wearable Graphene Sensors With Microfluidic Liquid Metal Wiring for Structural Health Monitoring and Human Body Motion Sensing

This paper reports on all-flexible strain sensors made of graphene, microfluidic liquid metal, and stretchable elastomer. These graphene sensors feature a flexible wiring design, where liquid metal is introduced into microfluidic channels for wiring inside the devices. This design allows enhanced overall structural flexibility and a reduced risk of stress-related mechanical failure of the sensors, at the contact areas between the graphene sensing elements and the metal wires. A unidirectional strain sensor and a multidirectional rosette strain sensor are developed, by encasing patterned graphene and microfluidic liquid metal channels with a stretchable elastomer. We demonstrate the use of the developed unidirectional strain sensor for structural health monitoring of curved concrete structures, and for tracking the angular motion of a human wrist. The multilayer rosette strain sensor is shown to be capable of detecting the amplitude and angle of a primary strain in a multidirectional strain field.
Los motivos de una monja: sor Feliciana de San Francisco. Valladolid de Michoacán, 1632-1655

LA HISTORIA SUELE SIGNIFICARSE POR LOS hombres y mujeres que alcanzan fama o infamia a traves de sus hazanas o miserias. Es la historia de bronce a la cual don Luis Gonzalez se ha referido en distintas ocasiones.2 Con todas las ventajas que esta forma de historiar tiene para simbolizar una memoria colectiva o de elite, cualquiera que sea su intencion, conlleva un problema que en realidad es un olvido. Se deja a un lado a la gente sin poder, comun y corriente, no diferente a todos los que de manana nos levantamos para ganar el pan de cada dia; y que en realidad somos quienes hacemos la historia, en ocasiones, a pesar de nosotros mismos. Nos hemos olvidado de la historia de la gente menuda. Rescatar la historia de una personita menuda es la intencion de este articulo. Se trata de una mujer llamada Feliciana y de cuyo apellido no estamos seguros; pudo ser Otalora o bien Rivera. Vivio durante el segundo tercio del siglo XVII en la ciudad de Valladolid, obispado de Michoa-
Restoring the Chain of Friendship: British Policy and the Indians of the Great Lakes, 1783–1815. By Timothy D. Willig. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2014. Pp. xiii, 374. $30.00.)

From the perspective of officials in the newly independent United States, Britain loomed over the continent's Great Lakes region like a malevolent puppeteer, pulling the strings of simple but easil...
Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction during High Altitude Hypoxia Training in Military Aircrew.

Objectives Cognitive dysfunction from high altitude exposure is a major cause of civilian and military air disasters. Pilot training improves recognition of the early symptoms of altitude exposure so that countermeasures may be taken before loss of consciousness. Little is known regarding the nature of cognitive impairments manifesting within this critical window when life-saving measures may still be taken. Prior studies evaluating cognition during high altitude simulation have predominantly focused on measures of reaction time and other basic attention or motor processes. Memory encoding, retention, and retrieval represent critical cognitive functions that may be vulnerable to acute hypoxic/ischemic events and could play a major role in survival of air emergencies, yet these processes have not been studied in the context of high altitude simulation training. Methods In a series of experiments, military aircrew underwent neuropsychological testing before, during, and after brief (15 min) exposure to high altitude simulation (20,000 ft) in a pressure-controlled chamber. Results Acute exposure to high altitude simulation caused rapid impairment in learning and memory with relative preservation of basic visual and auditory attention. Memory dysfunction was predominantly characterized by deficiencies in memory encoding, as memory for information learned during high altitude exposure did not improve after washout at sea level. Retrieval and retention of memories learned shortly before altitude exposure were also impaired, suggesting further impairment in memory retention. Conclusions Deficits in memory encoding and retention are rapidly induced upon exposure to high altitude, an effect that could impact life-saving situational awareness and response. (JINS, 2017, 23, 1-10).
More than a day in the life of a comet

In the past many humans regarded the appearance of a comet as an omen or harbinger of doom, but we now know them as time capsules from the formation of the solar system. Created from the gradual accretion of rocks, dust, and ice, comets have been preserved in the “deep freeze” of space far from the Sun, likely retaining in the present much of their formative character. The present-day structure and composition of comets provide a window into the conditions that prevailed during the birth of our solar system. Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the target of the Rosetta mission, is a member of the Jupiter-family dynamical group of comets that have likely spent most of the last few billion years stored in the ring-shaped disc of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune known as the Kuiper Belt. Subtle gravitational interactions can eventually push icy bodies in the Kuiper Belt reservoir toward the Sun where, under the gravitational influence of Jupiter, they evolve into short-period orbits around the Sun. Once its journey into the inner solar system begins, however, its days are numbered as heating from the Sun erodes the comet in a generally gradual but occasionally dramatic fashion. On pages 1563 and 1566 of this issue, Filacchione et al. ( 1 ) and Fornasier et al. ( 2 ), respectively, report on the long-term and close-up surveillance of 67P by Rosetta, revealing for the first time both the day-to-day and seasonal evolution of a comet nucleus ( 1 , 2 ).
Statistics Myth Busters: Dispelling Common Misperceptions Held by Readers of the Biomedical Literature:

Proficiency in research design and statistical analysis is crucial to the success of a clinical pharmacist. However, new pharmacy graduates and residents may not have received adequate training and education in these areas. During the authors' tenure as clinical pharmacists, several statistical "myths" were consistently maintained by residents and new clinical practitioners. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss and dispel several of these statistical fallacies. The myths discussed involve 3 common areas of consideration when evaluating any clinical study: assessing the risk of bias from confounding (propensity score analysis and multivariable modeling), interpretation of the main study findings ( P values and hypothesis testing), and secondary evaluations (subgroup analyses). Literature examples are used to illustrate each of the topics. The authors hope that the discussion will augment each pharmacist's knowledge of medical literature interpretation leading to improvements in patient care, education of future residents, and personal research endeavors.
Genomics of Food Animals

Genome maps and sequences form the basis for food animal genomics. The status, current defects within, and future prospects for reference genome sequence assemblies are discussed along with ways in which these sequences can be accessed and used by animal scientists. The sequence provides a gateway enabling scientists and breeders to employ various genome-wide approaches in addition to assisting traditional reductionist molecular biology. These include resequencing, comparative genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetics, all of which are likely to figure prominently, as better connectivity between food animal genomes and traits of agricultural importance are sought.
Extracting signals from news streams for disease outbreak prediction

Emergence of digital news provides new opportunities in information extraction. Proper characterization of unstructured news can help identify signals that may drive variations in many observable phenomena, such as disease outbreaks. In this paper, we propose a method to extract such signals from a large corpus of news events and identify a subset of signals that are closely related to the observed phenomenon. We show how words appearing in a large news corpus can be represented and latent features can be extracted to build predictive models. We build and evaluate such a system specifically for characterizing and predicting diseases outbreaks in India. We focused on 5 different diseases prevalent in India and experiments showed that our model can predict disease outbreaks 2 to 4 weeks prior, with an average precision of around 0.80 and recall of around 0.65. We also compared our model with an LDA-based baseline model, where our model demonstrated around 5–14% improvement across different diseases.
The Influence of Task Dynamics on Inductive Generalizations: How Sequential and Simultaneous Presentation of Evidence Impacts the Strength and Scope of Property Projections.

Young children are remarkably flexible reasoners insofar as they modify their inferences to accommodate the conceptual information or perceptual relations represented in an inductive problem. Child...
Post-migration employment changes and health: A dyadic spousal analysis.

Abstract Prospective studies have found unemployment and job loss to be associated with negative psychological and physical health outcomes. For immigrants, the health implications of employment change cannot be considered apart from pre-migration experiences. While immigrants demonstrate relative success in securing employment in the United States, their work is often not commensurate with their education or expertise. Previous research has linked downward employment with adverse health outcomes among immigrants, but with gender differences. We extended this literature by considering a wider range of employment states and accounting for the interdependence of husbands' and wives’ employment trajectories. We examined the relationships between personal and spousal post-migration employment changes and self-rated health and depressive symptoms using dyadic data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey (NIS) (n = 5682 individuals/2841 spousal pairs). We used the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to model cross-partner effects and account for spousal interdependence. In general, men's downward employment trajectories were associated with poorer health for themselves. Women's employment trajectories had fewer statistically significant associations with their own or their husbands' health, underscoring the generally more peripheral nature of women's work in the household. However, women's current unemployment in particular was associated with poorer health outcomes for themselves and their husbands, suggesting that unmet need for women's work can produce health risks within immigrant households. Our findings suggest that employment change should be considered a household event that can impact the wellbeing of linked individuals within.
Monocular vision-based motion capture system: A performance model

We propose a performance model for a monocular vision-based motion capture system. Such a system can use uniquely patterned augmented reality (AR) markers worn on the body. Two key factors in evaluating such a system are tracking accuracy and blurring effects. Past work involving AR markers has emphasized other factors such as detection rate or pixel error. In cases where accuracy has been studied, it has been done only for specific systems. In contrast, our model is more general and can accommodate different types of cameras and marker sizes. Our model can also simulate a marker worn on a moving limb. Preliminary experiments show that our model has the potential to accurately predict real-world performance.
The Insignificant Mao

This chapter demonstrates how Mao failed to influence the characteristics of later insurgencies and theorists in other parts of the world. This includes even the most allegedly ‘Maoist’ insurgencies and theorists, such as the Vietnam War, the Peruvian Shining Path insurgency, Ho Chi Minh, and Che Guevara. The chapter draws an important distinction between the concepts of ‘inspiration’ and ‘influence.’ Numerous dissidents have felt inspired about the possibility of victory based upon Mao’s achievements, but none have actually altered the character of the wars they waged to tangibly reflect Mao’s teachings. The chapter further addresses the issue of why the principles of insurgency that Mao outlined were not used after his endorsement of them, given that they were used by rebellions before him.
Accelerating the simulation of shipboard power systems

This paper presents an approach to accelerate the simulation of shipboard power systems. A common issue in the ship research community is the simulation run time of large-scale shipboard power systems. A contributor to lengthy run times is that PC-based power system simulators do not exploit multicore technology, which stems from the fact that software trails advances in hardware. The Center for Electromechanics at the University of Texas at Austin (UT-CEM) is developing a multicore power system solver (CEMSolver) to simulate shipboard power system models in significantly less time. The simulation run time is reduced by first partitioning power system models and then creating simulations at the subsystem level. This accelerates the simulation of shipboard power systems. A general overview of CEMSolver and a comparison of its run times against those of SimPowerSystems are presented. The results demonstrate that CEMSolver can speed up the simulation of shipboard power system models built with SimPowerSystems up to 80 times, and that, despite common belief, multicore desktop computers are capable of executing complex simulation scenarios.
C-10: High-speed video imaging of ice crystal formation in cells, tissues and droplets

Attempts to elucidate the causes of cryoinjury have benefited from nearly two centuries of microscopic observation of cell and tissue response during exposure to cold temperatures. However, the mechanisms of intracellular ice formation, a phenomenon that is strongly associated with irreversible cell damage, remains poorly understood: even in suspended, isolated cells, it has not been possible to obtain experimental evidence that conclusively supports or contradicts any of the competing hypotheses of intracellular ice formation (viz., the surface-catalyzed nucleation model, pore theory, or membrane rupture hypothesis). In part, this lack of progress has been due to the limited temporal resolution of conventional cryomicroscopy technology. Until recently, image acquisition rates in video cryomicroscopy studies have typically not exceeded 30 frames per second (fps), yielding a temporal resolution of 33 ms. Because the transformation of cell water to ice is completed in approximately 1 ms or less during rapid-cooling experiments, intracellular ice formation events cannot usually be detected using conventional video-micrography. As a result, cryomicroscopists have relied on the observation of cytoplasmic opacity changes as a proxy for intracellular freezing, an approach that can cause significant errors in estimates of intracellular ice formation kinetics. To detect the initial appearance and growth of ice crystals inside supercooled cells, and to quantify the phase transformation kinetics, it is necessary to use high-speed video cryomicroscopy to acquire micrographs at sub-millisecond resolution. In particular, to accurately measure intracellular ice formation kinetics in rapidly cooled somatic cells, image acquisition rates in the range 10 3 –10 4 fps are required, whereas shutter speeds should be faster than ∼0.1 ms to prevent motion blur. We have implemented such a high-speed imaging cryomicroscopy system, and have successfully used it to visualize non-equilibrium ice crystal formation and growth inside cells, tissue constructs, and microscale water droplets.
The Cycle of Tropospheric Phosgene

Phosgene (COCl2) is produced in the earth’s atmosphere from the degradation of a variety of chlorinated compounds including tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), trichloroethylene (C2HCl3), chloroform (CHCl3), methylchloroform (CH3CCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). These chlorinated compounds fall into two generic reactivity classes: 1. Tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, chloroform., methylchloroform, the four reactive phosgene parent compounds (referred to here as the RPP compounds) that are primarily destroyed in the troposphere by reaction with OH; and 2. Carbon tetrachloride which is unreactive in the troposphere and is destroyed primarily by photolysis in the stratosphere. Thus the degradation of the RPP compounds lead to the production of tropospheric phosgene, while CCl4 and to some extent also the RPP compounds leads to the production of stratospheric phosgene. Tropospheric phosgene is in turn believed to be removed from the atmosphere by rainout and ocean deposition (Singh, 1976), while stratospheric phosgene is thought to be destroyed by photolysis (Crutzen et al., 1978).
Manifesto on the Thermochemistry of Nanoscale Redox Reactions for Energy Conversion

Advancements in the use of nanoscale materials for energy conversions will rely on a clear understanding of reaction thermochemistry. While band edge and Fermi energies can be rigorous thermodynamic descriptors of bulk materials, we show here that their application to nanoscale systems is problematic. A change of one electron at a 1000 atom nanoparticle or a localized surface site on a catalyst/electrode causes significant nuclear reorganization of the system. Electron transfer is often coupled with solvent reorganization and/or with the transfer of ions, including ion intercalation, surface binding, and movement within the surrounding double layer. These effects can be significant (even for some bulk materials). However, Fermi and band energies, as typically used, do not include the energetics of nuclear reorganizations or cation coupling. A comprehensive approach to nanoscale charge transfer thermodynamics must explicitly consider these effects in order to have a more complete understanding and greater ...
How mapping can reduce threats to public health

ABSTRACTWorldwide, the number of deaths attributable to communicable diseases is on a steady decline. Although there have been significant decreases in deaths due to communicable diseases, infectio...
Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Disease Resistance in Maize

With the reduction in the genotyping cost of the sequencing technique, improved statistical methods, and increased computational efficiency, association mapping, especially genome wide association study (GWAS), is widely used to dissect the architecture of the several complex traits. Several review papers and chapters on QTL mapping of disease resistance in maize have been published so far. However, a general review and compilation of the recent GWAS studies in the disease resistance of maize is limited. This chapter compiles and integrates recent studies of the five major diseases of maize using GWAS. The economically important diseases in maize, along with the novel SNPs and QTLs’ hotspots, are highlighted in the chapter. The advantages of association mapping over QTL mapping, along with working model of GWAS, are briefly discussed. At the end, we discuss on the limitation of the GWAS and future perspectives on the identification of novel disease resistance genes.