cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roman Sacrifice, Inside and Out*

The ‘insider-outsider problem’ has had little impact on the study of religion in pre-Christian Rome. Classicists generally assume that the modern idea of sacrifice as the ritual killing of an animal applies to the Roman context. This study argues, however, that the apparent continuity is illusory in some important ways and that we have lost sight of some fine distinctions that the Romans made among the rituals they performed. Sacrificium included vegetal and inedible offerings, and it was not the only Roman ritual that had living victims. Roman sacrificium is both less and more than the typical etic notion of sacrifice.
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY IN GALLSTONE DISEASE

Interventional radiologic techniques for the treatment of gallstone disease are becoming more widely available. Percutaneous cholecystostomy [corrected] can be lifesaving in critically ill elderly patients who have acute cholecystitis. Contact dissolution of stones with methyl tert-butyl ether and percutaneous extraction (with or without fragmentation) of calculi are treatment options in patients who are at high risk for surgery or who do not desire an operation. With increasing use of intracorporeal gallstone lithotripsy techniques in the gallbladder and bile ducts, combined fluoroscopic and direct visualization during percutaneous procedures is becoming more important. Percutaneous chemical ablation of the gallbladder offers a potential solution to the problem of gallstone recurrence.
PSAMMOMA BODIES IN THE THYROID GLAND FROM AN ENDEMIC GOITER REGION

2404 Schilddrusen eines Kropfendemiegebietes wurden auf Psammomkorper untersucht. Derartige Kalkospheriten sind in vier von 22 Fallen, d.h. in 18% der Schilddrusencarcinome und nur in 19 von 2327 Fallen, d.h. in 0,8% normaler Schilddrusen und gutartiger Schilddrusenveranderungen, wie Entzundungen, Hyperplasien und Adenome, nachweisbar. Bei 55 Fallen mit Sarkomen, Hamangioendotheliomen und Metastasen in der Schilddruse fehlen Psammomkorper. Die prozentualen Verhaltnisse entsprechen ungefahr den Ergebnissen auserhalb der eigentlichen Kropfendemiegebiete. In den gutartigen Strumen des nordostschweizerischen Endemiegebietes konnen Psammomkorper nur in mikrofollikularen und groszellig-eosinophilen Adenomen (Onkocytomen oder sog. Hurthlezell-Adenomen) gefunden werden, wobei die relative Haufigkeit von 13,6% Fallen mit Kalkospheriten in den groszellig-eosinophilen Adenomen besonders auffallt. Die Frage, ob das Vorkommen von Psammomkorpern auch in diesen Geschwulsten als Hinweis auf eine mogliche Malignitat gewertet werden mus, ist auf Grund der noch kurzen Beobachtungszeit nicht sicher zu beantworten. Morphologisch sind die psammomkorperhaltigen groszellig-eosinophilen Adenome der vorliegenden Serie als gutartig zu bezeichnen.
A review of the role of active remote sensing and data fusion for characterizing forest in wildlife habitat models

Spatially explicit maps of wildlife habitat relationships have proven to be valuable tools for conservation and management applications including evaluating how and which species may be impacted by large scale climate change, ongoing fragmentation of habitat, and local land-use practices. Studies have turned to remote sensing datasets as a way to characterize vegetation for the examination of habitat selection and for mapping realized relationships across the landscape. Potentially one of the more difficult habitat types to try to characterize with remote sensing are the vertically and horizontally complex forest systems. Characterizing this complexity is needed to explore which aspects may represent driving and/or limiting factors for wildlife species. Active remote sensing data from lidar and radar sensors has thus caught the attention of the forest wildlife research and management community in its potential to represent three dimensional habitat features. The purpose of this review was to examine the applications of active remote sensing for characterizing forest in wildlife habitat studies through a keyword search within Web of Science. We present commonly used active remote sensing metrics and methods, discuss recent advances in characterizing aspects of forest habitat, and provide suggestions for future research in the area of new remote sensing data/techniques that could benefit forest wildlife studies that are currently not represented or may be underutilized within the wildlife literature. We also highlight the potential value in data fusion of active and passive sensor data for representing multiple dimensions and scales of forest habitat. While the use of remote sensing has increased in recent years within wildlife habitat studies, continued communication between the remote sensing, forest management, and wildlife communities is vital to ensure appropriate data sources and methods are understood and utilized, and so that creators of mapping products may better realize the needs of secondary users.
Prices and Exchange Rates: What Theory Needs to Explain

Among industrial countries, the joint dynamic properties of exchange rates and price levels are remarkably similar. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate what appear to be the most important statistical facts about the joint behavior of aggregate price levels and nominal exchange rates, both in the short run and in the long run (1), and to discuss alternative theoretical models that might explains the facts. Rather than coming to a conclusion on «which family of models best explains the evidence», I intend to highlight the questions raised by the current theories, and take stock of the available empirical results.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and the Enigma code of smouldering inflammation.

Anti-interleukin-1 treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension: are we there yet?http://ow.ly/8irv300EXoo
Remote Avant-Garde: Aboriginal Art under Occupation (Biddle)

This work is a book review considering the title Remote Avant-Garde: Aboriginal Art under Occupation by Jennifer Loureide Biddle.
Avenues for Future Minority Stress and Substance Use Research among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

ABSTRACTSexual and gender minority individuals (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer [LGBTQ]) experience elevated rates of minority stress and associated substance use relative to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Although the minority stress–substance use relationship is well documented, less is currently known regarding day-to-day minority stress and substance use risk processes. Rather than criticize existing literature, this review highlights future directions and advocates for the use of experience sampling methodology as a valuable research tool regarding real-time data capture. Greater utilization of this methodology is encouraged and expected to improve understanding of daily minority stress processes, and provide insight into real-time risk monitoring and intervention strategies.
Science to Practice: Killing Dormant Cells-Is Targeting Autophagy the Key to Complete Tumor Response in Transarterial Chemoembolization?

In this issue, Gade et al discovered a unique mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells for surviving the ischemia induced by transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoebolization in a state of cell cycle arrest; this function may serve as a defensive shield against conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Telerobotic Master Reflected Force Adjustment with Local Feedback

Abstract Efficient telerobotic operation requires an intuitive transmission of forces and velocities between the master and slave manipulators. However, due to friction in the joints of each kinematic chain, the associated Cartesian space impedance matrices are not diagonal. The result is a misalignment between the applied force and resulting velocity vectors. While a force sensor on the slave is often used to provide an internal feedback to eliminate the problem for this manipulator, the same is not UBually true for the master. A local feedback of available velocity and force sensory information to the master is proposed which would diagonalize its effective mechanical damping to allow a correct display of force direction information from the slave.
Progress in Resolving the Problem of Rural Poverty

PROFESSIONAL agricultural economists and national leaders have been concerned with relative poverty in rural areas and economic opportunities for rural people for many decades. A century ago this concern focused on land policy (at least that part of land policy that had to do with distribution of public land to farmers) and on the development of education in agriculture. It was thought by many that access to land and to knowledge would solve the income problems of rural people. Later, protection of farmers from monopoly power of big business (especially the railroads) claimed national attention. Regulation of interstate freight rates and the Sherman Antitrust Act were among the results of this concern.
Abstract 92: Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Signaling is Required for Cardiac Fibroblast Survival and Proliferation

Cardiac fibrosis contributes significantly to heart disease and is a hallmark of decreased cardiac function. Currently, there are no treatments that attenuate fibrosis, but identification of signal...
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Skull Base Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas

Abstract Chordomas are slow-growing tumors of bone thought to arise in notochord remnants. They are rare, locally aggressive, and infiltrative tumors that can occur anywhere along the axial skeleton. Optimal surgery is often unattainable and multimodality treatment, which includes radiotherapy, is usually indicated. However, despite high-dose radiotherapy, tumors frequently recur. Local recurrence is the harbinger to mortality, through local progression or metastatic disease. There are currently no guidelines regarding the best management of recurrent chordoma. Stereotactic radiosurgery holds the promise to improve local control through its ability to escalate dose. Further research is needed to define the optimal patient selection, ideal dose, and target volume, and determine normal tissue tolerance for single or hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery.
INTUIT: A Career Decision-Making Intervention for Female Offenders in Reentry:

This study evaluates cross-sectional data from 9 years of the INTUIT: Work and Careers intervention (N = 491), a program for female offenders in reentry. Of several measures used, participants show...
Feminist Things: Votes for Women and the Circulation of Emotion

This chapter explores the complex relationship between subjects and things in the brief sketches, marketing campaigns, fashion columns, and advertisements in Votes for Women, the suffrage paper of the Women's Social and Political Union. Focusing on the entwined discourses of shopping and sacrifice, this chapter shows how sentiment was channeled into the movement through discussions of ordinary practices of daily life such as shopping or dressing. Using “thing theory,” especially the work of Bill Brown and Daniel Miller, this chapter traces the ways in which the marketing of suffrage collectibles—games, tea sets, jewelry—as well as suffrage campaigns that encouraged activists to buy from merchants who advertised in the pages of Votes for Women transformed ordinary commodities into affect-filled suffrage “things” that forged a sentimental relationship to the movement.
Hybrid Indexes for Spatial-Visual Search

Due to the growth of geo-tagged images, recent web and mobile applications provide search capabilities for images that are similar to a given query image and simultaneously within a given geographical area. In this paper, we focus on designing index structures to expedite these spatial-visual searches. We start by baseline indexes that are straightforward extensions of the current popular spatial (R*-tree) and visual (LSH) index structures. Subsequently, we propose hybrid index structures that evaluate both spatial and visual features in tandem. A unique challenge of spatial-visual search is that there are inaccuracies in both spatial and visual features. Therefore, different traversals in the same index structures may produce different images as output, some of which are more relevant to the query than the others. We compare our hybrid structures with a set of baseline indexes in both performance and result accuracy using three real world datasets from Flickr, Google Street View, GeoUGV, and a large synthetic dataset. Our comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed hybrid indexes significantly outperform baselines.
arXiv : Cosmic Pathways for Compact Groups in the Milli-Millennium Simulation

We detected 10 compact galaxy groups (CGs) at $z=0$ in the semi-analytic galaxy catalog of Guo et al. (2011) for the milli-Millennium Cosmological Simulation (sCGs in mGuo2010a). We aimed to identify potential canonical pathways for compact group evolution and thus illuminate the history of observed nearby compact groups. By constructing merger trees for $z=0$ sCG galaxies, we studied the cosmological evolution of key properties, and compared them with $z=0$ Hickson CGs (HCGs). We found that, once sCG galaxies come within 1 (0.5) Mpc of their most massive galaxy, they remain within that distance until $z=0$, suggesting sCG "birth redshifts". At $z=0$ stellar masses of sCG most-massive galaxies are within $10^{10} \lesssim M_{\ast}/M_{\odot} \lesssim 10^{11}$. In several cases, especially in the two 4- and 5-member systems, the amount of cold gas mass anti-correlates with stellar mass, which in turn correlates with hot gas mass. We define the angular difference between group members' 3D velocity vectors, $\Delta\theta_{\rm vel}$, and note that many of the groups are long-lived because their small values of $\Delta\theta_{\rm vel}$ indicate a significant parallel component. For triplets in particular, $\Delta\theta_{\rm vel}$ values range between $20^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$ so that galaxies are coming together along roughly parallel paths, and pairwise separations do not show large pronounced changes after close encounters. The best agreement between sCG and HCG physical properties is for $M_{\ast}$ galaxy values, but HCG values are higher overall, including for SFRs. Unlike HCGs, due to a tail at low SFR and $M_{\ast}$, and a lack of $M_{\ast}\gtrsim 10^{11}M_{\odot}$ galaxies, only a few sCG galaxies are on the star-forming main sequence.
Productivity of the corn cultivated under low latitude in the inter-crop inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense with diferent doses of nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) can be viable through the use of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, a micro-organism potential plant growth promoter. In this sense, the present work was carried out with the objective to study the effect of Azospirillum brasilense diazotrofica bacteria use, inoculated via seeds, in association or not with doses of nitrogen, productivity of corn for industrial purposes. The essays were conduced on two sowing times (10/07 and 8/1/2015), in the inter-crop season, in Palmas-TO, The experimental design in both sowing dates was randomized blocks with 30 treatments and three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x5, represented by two seed inoculation processes (with and without seed inoculation ) Three genotypes (Orion and Al Bandeirante, open-pollinated varieties, and the double hybrid (AG-1051) and five N levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) held in coverage. The characteristic studyed was the productivity of grain. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense was beneficial under adverse conditions. AG 1051 was potentially superior when inoculated under stress conditions.
The Mallory-Weiss syndrome and lesion. A study of 30 cases.

Thirty cases of the Mallory-Weiss synrome were encountered at one hospital during a 6-year period. Although one is often alerted to the presence of this lesion by a history indicating the syndrome, its diagnosis depends upon visualization of the mucosal laceration in the gastric fund us by early endoscopic examination, surgical exploration, or autopsy.
The effect of stress proliferation on depression in South African grandparent caregivers

This study explored the proliferation of stressors that contribute to depression in grandparents who are caregivers of an adult child with a long-term illness and their grandchildren. The data were...
Evaluating trade policies: the political engagement of religious actors in Costa Rica, Canada, and the United States

Trade policies have been a contested aspect of economic globalization. Concerns arise over economic outcomes, political processes, and the balance of power between states and corporations. Religiou...
Relative exploration and firm performance: Exploring curvilinear relationships and the role of industry, instability, and munificence

Abstract The balanced view of organizational ambidexterity contends that firms achieve superior performance when they successfully balance their exploitation and exploration activities. However, prior empirical research on the link between balanced ambidexterity and firm performance has yielded mixed results. Building on shortcomings identified in prior research, this study explores curvilinear relationships between relative exploration and firm performance for service and manufacturing firms, and considers environmental context as a potential moderator. Hypotheses are tested with Computer-Assisted-Text-Analysis (CATA) methodology on a 5-year longitudinal sample of 1420 service firms and 825 manufacturing firms listed on the S&P 500. Curvilinear relationships are uncovered, suggesting that balanced ambidexterity is associated with the highest level of performance for service firms, while the opposite is found for manufacturing firms. Additionally, balanced ambidexterity may not be beneficial for service firms operating in unstable environments. Lastly, the environmental munificence moderator was not found to be significant.
An SQL\(^o\) Front-End for Non-monotonic Inheritance and De-referencing

We revisit the issues of non-monotonic inheritance and structure traversal in object-relational databases with new insights to propose OO extensions of SQL and demonstrate that they are sufficient and powerful enough for modeling classes, non-monotonic inheritance and de-referencing. In particular, we show that simple tweaking of SQL with tuple ID helps capture these OO features cleanly and empowers application developers with a powerful knowledge modeling tool.
Chapter 8 – JORDAN CANONICAL FORMS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Jordan canonical forms. A matrix A is similar to a matrix B if there exists an invertible matrix P such that A = P−1BP. Similar matrices have the same characteristic equation and, therefore, the same eigenvalues. If two matrices do not have the same characteristic equation, then it can be stated, categorically, that they are not similar. A matrix is diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix. Diagonalizable matrices are of particular interest as the matrix functions of them can be computed easily. The chapter discusses generalized eigenvectors and chains. The chapter presents the proof of the theorem that a chain is a linearly independent set of vectors. Every matrix is similar to an almost diagonal matrix or, in more precise terminology, a matrix in Jordan canonical form. In particular, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in Jordan canonical form that has all its superdiagonal elements equal to zero.
Atomic force microscopy studies of LAPONITE® directed self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes in electronic nanonetworks

Abstract Many commercial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have not yet been realized owing to their limited water processability that leads to poor electrical performance. We report the syntheses of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with improved percolating network connectivity and conductivity in thin films processed from aqueous colloids mixed with dispersing agents including LAPONITE® nanoparticles and surfactants. The influences of clay loading and acid functionalization on surface morphology and the self-assembly of interconnected networks in SWCNT films were studied. Conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) analyses indicated that the most favorable nanonetwork for charge conduction was achieved at a low loading of LAPONITE® nanoparticles. In addition, hydrazine reduction treatments after acid functionalization led to augmented electrical conductivities in the CNT films regardless of the extent of clay loading. These studies provide important insight on tuning the heterointerfaces that control CNT self-assembly and polydispersity and may prove insightful to realize percolating networks for green energy applications.
Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial

Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective treatment for obesity-related liver and metabolic disease. However, CR studies in individuals without obesity are needed to see if CR could delay disease onset. Liver biomarkers indicate hepatic health and are linked to cardiometabolic disease. Our aim was to examine the effects of a 2-year CR intervention on liver biomarkers in healthy individuals without obesity. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study was a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Overall, 218 participants (body mass index: 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were enrolled into a control group (n = 75) that ate ad libitum (AL), or a CR group (n = 143) that aimed to decrease energy intake by 25%. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin were measured during the trial. At month 24, relative to the AL group, ALP (− 7 ± 1 IU/L; P 0.99) or AST (2 ± 2 IU/L; P = 0.68) were revealed. However, sex-by-treatment-by-time interactions (P < 0.01) were observed, with CR (vs. control) inducing reduced ALT and GGT and increased AST in men only (P ≤ 0.02). In metabolically healthy individuals without obesity, 2 years of CR improves several liver biomarkers, with potentially greater improvements in men. These data suggest that sustained CR may improve long-term liver and metabolic disease risk in healthy adults. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00427193). Registered January 2007.
HEAT KERNEL ON HOMOGENEOUS BUNDLES

We consider Laplacians acting on sections of homogeneous vector bundles over symmetric spaces. By using an integral representation of the heat semi-group we find a formal solution for the heat kernel diagonal that gives a generating function for the whole sequence of heat invariants. We argue that the obtained formal solution correctly reproduces the exact heat kernel diagonal after a suitable regularization and analytical continuation.
Misinformation in Crises: A Conceptual Framework for Examining Human-Machine Interactions

Misinformation can cause severe consequences to individuals and organizations. During humanitarian crises, communities are vulnerable to misinformation. Considering the interaction of human and machine factors, we propose a conceptual framework based on two activity systems: generation and mitigation of misinformation. Such framework helps enrich the understanding of misinformation diffusion processes with certain roles of involved stakeholders as well as sheds light on potential future research directions that can benefit communities of victims for the wellbeing of the society.
Mind your methods: acidification degrades total nitrogen and stable isotopic values within calcified marine macroalgae

Nitrogen and carbon are commonly used to determine nutrient regimes and trophic structures within marine ecosystems. Macroalgae are convenient for assessing nutrient conditions via stable isotopes ...
Improvisation as a Teaching Tool for Improving Oral Communication Skills in Premedical and Pre-Biomedical Graduate Students

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between training in theatre improvisation and empathy, communication, and other professional skills.Methods:Undergraduate and graduate students who were parti...
Safety of lateral access to the concave side for adult spinal deformity

Objective Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques, particularly lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), have become increasingly popular for adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction. Much discussion has been had regarding theoretical and clinical advantages to addressing coronal curvature from the convex versus concave side of the curve. In this study, the authors aimed to broadly evaluate the clinical outcomes of addressing ASD with circumferential MIS (cMIS) techniques while accessing the lumbar coronal curvature from the concave side. Methods A multi-institution, retrospective chart and radiographic review was performed for all ASD patients with at least a 10° curvature, as defined by the Scoliosis Research Society, who underwent cMIS correction. The data collected included convex versus concave access to the coronal curve, durable or sensory femoral nerve injury lasting longer than 6 weeks, vascular injury, visceral injury, and any additional major complication, with at least a 2-year follow-up. Neither health-related quality-of-life metrics nor spinopelvic parameters were included within the scope of this study. Results A total of 152 patients with ASD treated with cMIS correction via lateral access were identified and analyzed. Of these, 126 (82.9%) were approached from the concave side and 26 (17.1%) were approached from the convex side. In the concave group, 1 (0.8%) motor and 4 (3.2%) sensory deficit cases remained at 6 weeks after the operation. No vascular, visceral, or catastrophic intraoperative injuries were encountered in the concave group. Of the 26 patients in the convex group, 2 (7.7%) experienced motor deficits lasting longer than 6 weeks and 5 (19.2%) had lower-extremity sensory deficits. Conclusions It has been reported that lateral access to the convex side is associated with similar clinical and radiographic outcomes with fewer complications when compared with access to the concave side. Advantages to approaching the lumbar spine from the concave side include using one incision to access multiple levels, breaking the operative table to assist with curvature correction, easier access to the L4-5 disc space, the ability to release the contracted side, and, often, avoidance of the need to access or traverse the thoracic cavity. This study illustrates the largest reported cohort of concave access for cMIS scoliosis correction; few postoperative sensory and motor deficits were found.
Peer Effects, Social Ties, and Corruption: Evidence From China

In this paper, I study the peer effects in corruption. In specifications including fixed effects to control for differences across cities and colleges, and using an instrumental variable approach, I find that hometown and college ties with other officials who have been investigated for corruption are associated with significant reductions in investigation probability. Evidence supports the explanation that when anti-corruption efforts are high, being connected to a corrupt official makes one less willing to engage in corruption for fear of being implicated. I structurally estimate a networked game-theoretic model, and the estimates also indicate that such spillover of investigations is the major mechanism at play. Counterfactual analysis implies that corruption decreases as the network becomes denser, and as the level of corruption detection or punishment increases.
ATM : the new paradigm for Internet, Intranet, and residential broadband services and applications

Foreword. Preface. Outline of This Book. Acknowledgments. I. Multimedia Applications Requirements. 1. Multimedia Applications and ATM. Interactive Multimedia Applications. An Ideal Communications Network. Summary and Outline of This Part. References. 2. Network Architectures: The Telephone Network, the Internet and Intranets. Introduction. Networking Architectures. Limitations of Today's Network Infrastructures. Summary. References. 3. An Application Classification. Introduction. Communications Applications. A Classification of Applications. Summary. References. 4. Application Traffic Requirements. Introduction. Traffic Generation Patterns. Bandwidth Requirements. Summary. References. 5. Application QoS Requirements. Introduction. Delay Requirements. Error Requirements. Summary. References. II. FUNDAMENTALS OF ATM. 6. Principles of ATM. Introduction. Principles of ATM. Advantages of ATM. Summary. References. 7. Overview of ATM. Introduction. Basic Elements of an ATM Network. Standard ATM Interfaces. ATM Layered Model. Basic ATM Network Operations. Call Negotiation and Renegotiation. VC Number and Translation. Virtual Channel and Virtual Channel Connection. Virtual Path Connection. VCC and VPC Usage. Summary. References. 8. The Protocol Reference Model of ATM, 143 Introduction. Layered Architecture. The Hourglass Model. Multi-Plane Model. B-ISDN PRM and ISO OSI Reference Model. Summary. References. 9. ATM Adaptation Layer. Introduction. End-to-end ATM Protocol Model. AAL Functions. AAL Service Classes and AAL Types. AAL Types. Summary. References. 10. ATM Access (UNI) Signaling. Introduction. ATM Signaling Concepts. ATM Connection Types. ATM UNI Signaling Protocol. Summary. References. 11. Traffic Management and ATM Service Categories. Introduction. Traffic Management. Traffic Contract. ATM Service Categories. ABR Service. Summary. References. Part III. RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND NETWORKS: ATM-TO-THE-HOME. 12. Residential Broadband Service and Network Architectures. Introduction. Legacy Residential Networks and Internet Access. Residential Broadband Service Requirements. Residential Broadband Service Architecture. Summary. References. 13. ATM Over xDSL Network Architecture. Introduction. Subscriber Loop Architecture. xDSL Technologies. ADSL-based Broadband Service Architecture. ADSL-based ATM-to-the-Home Architecture. Summary. References. 14. Hybrid Fiber/Coax Network Architecture. Introduction. Legacy Cable Network Architecture. The Hybrid Fiber Coax Network Architecture. ATM-to-the-Home over HFC Network. Summary. References.
Social-Environmental Influences on HIV Risks

ABSTRACT To succeed, HIV prevention programs need to target the multiple factors, at both the individual and social-environmental levels, that have been found to influence HIV risk behaviors and outcomes. An ecological perspective grounded in a population-based public health model is proposed as a conceptual framework for HIV prevention. An overview is presented of the individual-level and social-environmental factors that the empirical literature has documented as influences upon HIV risk behaviors. The proposed framework has a number of implications for social work education, research, training, and policy. This framework calls upon social workers to learn a broad range of cross-disciplinary professional skills, become competent at working with a multidisciplinary team, continually update their knowledge of the ever-changing epidemic, receive organizational support for ongoing training, and obtain critically needed support from policymakers for comprehensive HIV prevention programs.
Generating Seeded Trees from Data Sets

In this paper we study the problem of how to perform spatial joins between two data sets with no pre-computed spatial indices. No techniques appear to exist to date that specifically target this problem. Our solution is also useful in the context of query optimization for complex spatial queries. In addition, we demonstrate that simple sampling techniques can be effective in reducing spatial join costs.
A Practical Guide To Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial And Annotated Example

This tutorial explains in detail what factorial validity is and how to run its various aspects in PLS. The tutorial is written as a teaching aid for doctoral seminars that may cover PLS and for researchers interested in learning PLS. An annotated example with data is provided as an additional tool to assist the reader in reconstructing the detailed example.
Integration of Temporal Reasoning and Temporal-Data Maintenance into a Reusable Database Mediator to Answer Abstract, Time-Oriented Queries: The Tzolkin System

The ability to reason with time-oriented data is central to the practice of medicine. Monitoring clinical variables over time often provides information that drives medical decision making (e.g., clinical diagnosis and therapy planning). Because the time-oriented patient data are often stored in electronic databases, it is important to ensure that clinicians and medical decision-support applications can conveniently find answers to their clinical queries using these databases. To help clinicians and decision-support applications make medical decisions using time-oriented data, a database-management system should (1) permit the expression of abstract, time-oriented queries, (2) permit the retrieval of data that satisfy a given set of time-oriented data-selection criteria, and (3) present the retrieved data at the appropriate level of abstraction. We impose these criteria to facilitate the expression of clinical queries and to reduce the manual data processing that users must undertake to decipher the answers to their queries. We describe a system, Tzolkin, that integrates a general method for temporal-data maintenance with a general method for temporal reasoning to meet these criteria. Tzolkin allows clinicians to use SQL-like temporal queries to retrieve both raw, time-oriented data and dynamically generated summaries of those data. Tzolkin can be used as a standalone system or as a module that serves other software systems. We implement Tzolkin with a temporal-database mediator approach. This approach is general, facilitates software reuse, and thus decreases the cost of building new software systems that require this functionality.
An efficient robust MPPT control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems with reduced DC link capacitance

This paper presents a novel robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system with reduced DC link capacitance. The voltage source inverter (VSI) integrating the PV system to the grid introduces a double line frequency ripple or current variation into the PV system. This ripple or current variation results in oscillation of operating point around the MPP, introducing an extra power loss from the extracted panel power. In order to reduce this ripple content, large electrolytic capacitors are used as power decoupling units in grid connected PV systems. However, these electrolytic capacitors are bulky and less reliable affecting the reliability of the entire PV system. These electrolytic capacitors can be replaced by highly reliable thin film capacitors, if the energy storage requirement could be reduced. So, a novel DC-DC converter control is proposed to reduce the PV ripple variation along with MPPT control under reduced DC link capacitance. The method proposed is implemented and verified in MATLAB/Simulink software under varying sun conditions. The results obtained from the proposed control clearly show the increase in power extracted from the PV system under reduced DC link capacitance making the system more reliable and economical.
Incorporating human-computer interaction into an undergraduate curriculum

There are several approaches to teaching human-computer interaction (HCI), many of which are based on separate courses. However, separate courses are often a luxury for small and mid-sized institutions. An alternate approach is to incorporate HCI topics into existing courses in meaningful ways that enhance rather than detract from the content and purpose of those courses. This paper describes one university's approach. The HCI core of Computing Curriculum 2001 is incorporated into the beginning programming courses where students begin developing user interfaces early in the first course. They refine their HCI skills in a software engineering course where they learn to integrate user interface design and evaluation into the early stages of a software development life cycle.
Predicting users' domain knowledge in information retrieval using multiple regression analysis of search behaviors

User domain knowledge affects search behaviors and search success. Predicting a user's knowledge level from implicit evidence such as search behaviors could allow an adaptive information retrieval system to better personalize its interaction with users. This study examines whether user domain knowledge can be predicted from search behaviors by applying a regression modeling analysis method. We identify behavioral features that contribute most to a successful prediction model. A user experiment was conducted with 40 participants searching on task topics in the domain of genomics. Participant domain knowledge level was assessed based on the users' familiarity with and expertise in the search topics and their knowledge of MeSH Medical Subject Headings terms in the categories that corresponded to the search topics. Users' search behaviors were captured by logging software, which includes querying behaviors, document selection behaviors, and general task interaction behaviors. Multiple regression analysis was run on the behavioral data using different variable selection methods. Four successful predictive models were identified, each involving a slightly different set of behavioral variables. The models were compared for the best on model fit, significance of the model, and contributions of individual predictors in each model. Each model was validated using the split sampling method. The final model highlights three behavioral variables as domain knowledge level predictors: the number of documents saved, the average query length, and the average ranking position of the documents opened. The results are discussed, study limitations are addressed, and future research directions are suggested.
Concomitant Opsoclonus and Ataxia and Limbic Encephalitis due to Dual Anti-Ri and Anti-Yo Positive Antibodies (P4.239)

Objective: To describe a case of simultaneous opsoclonus-ataxia and limbic encephalitis from a paraneoplastic syndrome of two concurrent positive antibodies. Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes have become increasingly recognized as causing a number of neurologic symptoms that herald the presence of malignancy. A number of these antibodies have been identified. However, few cases report paraneoplastic syndromes resulting from the presence of multiple antibodies in a single tumor source. Design/methods: Case report and literature review. Results: 60 year-old female was diagnosed with endometral carcinosarcoma in April 2014 and had total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy with positive margins. Several weeks after her gynecologic operation, she complained of significant worsening vertigo, nausea with vomiting,“jumping” objects in her visual field, and double vision that were mildly present prior to the operation. Neurologically, she demonstrated severe paranoia and agitation, direction-changing nystagmus in all gaze directions that did not extinguish, opsoclonus on primary gaze, bilateral dysmetria and a wide-based stance. She was hyperreflexic with clonus in the left leg and bilateral babinski signs. An MRI showed mild folial enhancement in the right cerebellum. CSF showed mildly elevated total protein at 47 mg/dL, and anti-Ri and anti-Yo antibodies were present. . She was treated with solumedrol and plasma exchange followed by cytoxan and rituximab, but both her clinical syndrome and tumor burden progressed and she succumbed to her illness. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of both anti-Ri and anti-Yo paraneoplastic antibodies with correlating syndromes in uterine carcinosarcoma. Although paraneoplastic syndromes are widely recognized and described, it is rare but, as evidenced by this case, possible to have multiple concomitant syndromes. Disclosure: Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyons has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Current Infectious Disease Reports.
Short- and long-term effects of chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy

Dividing cells that experience chromosome mis-segregation generate aneuploid daughter cells, which contain an incorrect number of chromosomes. Although aneuploidy interferes with the proliferation of untransformed cells, it is also, paradoxically, a hallmark of cancer, a disease defined by increased proliferative potential. These contradictory effects are also observed in mouse models of chromosome instability (CIN). CIN can inhibit and promote tumorigenesis. Recent work has provided insights into the cellular consequences of CIN and aneuploidy. Chromosome mis-segregation per se can alter the genome in many more ways than just causing the gain or loss of chromosomes. The short- and long-term effects of aneuploidy are caused by gene-specific effects and a stereotypic aneuploidy stress response. Importantly, these recent findings provide insights into the role of aneuploidy in tumorigenesis.
Estimating Spatial Velocity Statistics with Coherent Doppler Lidar

The spatial statistics of a simulated turbulent velocity field are estimated using radial velocity estimates from simulated coherent Doppler lidar data. The structure functions from the radial velocity estimates are processed to estimate the energy dissipation rate e and the integral length scale Li, assuming a theoretical model for isotropic wind fields. The performance of the estimates are described by their bias, standard deviation, and percentiles. The estimates of e 2/3 are generally unbiased and robust. The distribution of the estimates of Li are highly skewed; however, the median of the distribution is generally unbiased. The effects of the spatial averaging by the atmospheric movement transverse to the lidar beam during the dwell time of each radial velocity estimate are determined, as well as the error scaling as a function of the dimensions of the total measurement region. Accurate estimates of Li require very large measurement domains in order to observe a large number of independent samples of the spatial scales that define Li.
Type III Secretory Proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a normal inhabitant of soil and water and is ubiquitous in the environment. Importantly, P. aeruginosa uses additional bacterial products encoded by the T3SS to directly deliver enzymes into cells to alter host physiology. This chapter summarizes the discovery, molecular properties, and host cofactors of the T3SS-delivered enzymes of P. aeruginosa. The first identified T3SS effector, exoenzyme S (ExoS), was actually discovered before the components of the secretory system in P. aeruginosa were known. The data argues that ExoS traffics within host cells and that some of the biological consequences of ExoS delivery may be related to its localization. The chapter focuses on the biological and biochemical implications of the need for eukaryotic cofactors for bacterial toxin activity by using the studies of the enzymatic activity of ExoU as a paradigm. The T3SS and the effector proteins encoded by P. aeruginosa provide model systems for fundamental studies of host-pathogen relationships and the expression of virulence factors relative to the pathological consequences of infection. The opportunistic nature of P. aeruginosa infections suggests that the acquisition and maintenance of the genes encoding the T3SS provide the bacterium with a selective advantage in the environment. The identification of cofactors that are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms but not present or active in prokaryotes and the linkage to type III secretion may reveal unique mechanisms to ensure the specific targeting of the toxin.
Evaluation of LAP and LA*P as frequency conversion materials for high-power lasers

L-arginine phosphate has emerged recently as an interesting new nonlinear material for several reasons. First, this material apparently has a damage threshold about twice that of KDP according to recent tests performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Second, Xu et al. have previously reported phase matched SHG efficiencies from LAP 3-4 times greater than KDP. Because the individual d tensor couplings were not known, it was not certain that the phase matching direction chosen by those workers was in fact optimum.
Photodissociation of NO2 near 225 nm by Velocity Map Imaging

Since the pioneering work of Busch and Wilson[1] with the inception of Photofragment Translational Energy Spectroscopy (PTS), NO2 has been one of the most studied molecules in the field of photodissociation dynamics. Recently experimentalists have been using a variety of elegant techniques to unravel the intricate photodissociation dynamics of this model triatomic molecule[2, 3]. A whole body of work has concentrated around the threshold regime (400 nm) for the O(3P j ) + NO channel. Photodissociation studies beyond the threshold regime have been sparse. These have focussed on recording the internal state distribution of the nascent NO fragment from photolysis at 248 nm utilizing laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)[4] and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI)[5], and photolysis around 226 nm with detection by REMPI[6]. There have also been two reports[7, 8] on the fine- structure population distributions of the oxygen atom produced by photolysis over a range of UV wavelengths. Miyawaki et al. also reported the kinetic energy of the oxygen fragment to be 0.13 eV from analysis of their Doppler profiles and that the energy release did not vary with the photolysis wavelength (355, 337, 266, and 212 nm). Shafer et al.[9] recorded the Doppler spectra for the excited oxygen atom O(1 D) at 205.47 nm and derived a translational energy release which was between
Elias no gueto

Este artigo discute os processos de transformacao do gueto negro americano num “hipergueto” a luz da Sociologia de Norbert Elias. Sustenta que essa nova formacao socio-espacial, que conjuga a exclusao de classe e de raca, levando a uma “desurbanizacao” de grandes areas do centro da cidade nas decadas de oitenta e noventa, e resultado da retracao do mercado e do abandono do Estado.
Microfabricated electrode arrays for restoring lost sensory and motor functions

The possibility of communicating directly to large numbers of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system using new types of microelectrode arrays has motivated the exploration of this technology as a means to restore sensory and/or motor function in those who have lost these functions due to disease or trauma. This paper describes one such microelectrode array, the 'Utah Electrode Array', and its application in 1) the restoration of sight and 2) in enabling patients with severe neuromuscular disease to more effectively interact with their environment. Although these devices have not reached the clinical stage, ongoing animal experimentation is providing proof-of-concept.
Susceptibility of guinea pig cell cultures to infection with cell-bound and cell-free herpesvirus of turkeys.

Abstract Cell-bound and cell-free herpesvirus of turkeys infected and replicated in guinea pig cell cultures as evidenced by cytopathic effects, intranuclear inclusions, and the presence of herpesvirus particles as seen by electron microscopy were studied in this investigation. Further evidence for the replication of herpesvirus of turkeys in cell cultures was determined by serum neutralization, complement fixation, and the fluorescent antibody tests.
Do Development Impact Fees Reduce the Rate of Residential Development

Over the last twenty-five years local governments in the United States and Canada have increasingly used impact fees and other development exactions as methods of financing capital and infrastructure requirements mandated by residential growth. While several studies have examined the effects of impact fees on housing and land prices, rigorous empirical analysis of their effects on residential development is lacking. In this paper a sample of all municipalities in DuPage County, Illinois from 1977 through 1992 is used to examine the effects of impact fees on the rate of residential development. The empirical results show that impact fees reduce rates of residential development by more than 25 percent.