cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abundance and diversity of Schizophyllum commune spore clouds in the Caribbean detected by selective sampling

Selective spore trapping and molecular genotyping methods were employed to examine potential long-distance gene flow among Caribbean populations of the common mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Spore-trap samples from five locations were analysed using restriction fragment polymorphisms of five enzymatically amplified gene regions. Successful trappings suggested S. commune spores to be abundant in the air, with an estimated sedimentation rate of approximately 18 spores/m2/h. High levels of genetic diversity characterized the spore-trap samples, with as many as 12 alleles observed at a single locus (chitin synthase) over all samples. In addition, spore-trap samples showed significant among sample heterogeneity including geographical population substructure. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer displayed the greatest allele frequency differences among samples, clearly separating the samples into those possessing only a South American-type allele and those segregating for both North and South American-type alleles. The molecular variation provided no clear evidence for dispersal over large, aquatic barriers within the Caribbean region, and instead suggested that spore-trapping experiments are primarily reflective of the local, established population.
THE INELUCTABLE LURE AND RISKS OF EXPERIENCE

Songs of Experience: Modern American and European Variations on a Universal Theme. By Martin Jay
Report on Avian Leukosis Conference

Abstract A Technical Workshop Conference on Diseases of the Avian Leukosis Complex was held at the University of Georgia, October 12–13, 1965. Participation was restricted to individuals currently engaged in research on avian leukosis. Forty-six papers, dealing with all research approaches to the problem of avian leukosis, were presented. In addition, four committees reported on specific problem areas and Dr. Robert Huebner, Chief, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, summarized the Conference with a critical review and suggestions. This will be published elsewhere. Summary statements of the deliberations of the committees are given here: Committee on Classification and Nomenclature B. W. Calnek (Chairman), P. M. Biggs, C. F. Helmboldt, W. A. Hughes and R. L. Witter It was conceded by the committee that there should be recognition within the avian leukosis complex of a major division between the two conditions that …
SiC BGJFET inverter for high temperature/power applications

SiC buried gate JFET (BGJFET) inverters were designed, implemented, and tested for high-temperature and high-power applications. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal stability of the SiC BGJFETs in a circuit operation as well as to observe the effects of temperature on the circuit performance. The work is subdivided into two major sections: modeling of SiC BGJFETs and simulation of various inverter configurations; and experimental results and observations.
Challenges of studying Earth's magnetosphere discussed

How do you view a high resolution image on a low resolution screen? Web surfers often encounter poorly designed Web pages that require the user to scroll around an on-screen graphic much too large for their computer monitor. Last fall, about 100 scientists met to discuss a similar problem in magnetospheric physics: How do you study the Earth's magnetosphere, with its wide range of spatial and temporal scales, using the poor spatial resolution of todays limited fleet of spacecraft? The answers they came up with were threefold—use imaging to fill in the gaps, use much larger fleets of spacecraft, and use modeling to tie everything together.
The flagellar anti-sigma factor FlgM actively dissociates Salmonella typhimurium sigma28 RNA polymerase holoenzyme.

The anti-s factor FlgM of Salmonella typhimurium inhibits transcription of class 3 flagellar genes through a direct interaction with the flagellar-specific s factor, s 28 . FlgM is believed to prevent RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme formation by sequestering free s 28 . We have analyzed FlgM-mediated inhibition of s 28 activity in vitro. FlgM is able to inhibit s 28 activity even when s 28 is first allowed to associate with core RNAP. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to evaluate the interaction between FlgM and both s 28 and s 28 holoenzyme (Es 28 ). The Kd of the s 28 ‐FlgM complex is ~ 2◊1 0 ˛10 M; missense mutations in FlgM that cause a defect in s 28 inhibition in vivo increase the Kd of this interaction by 4- to 10-fold. SPR measurements of Es 28 dissociation in the presence of FlgM indicate that FlgM destabilizes Es 28 , presumably via an interaction with the s subunit. Our data provide the first direct evidence of an interaction between FlgM and Es 28 . We propose that this secondary activity of FlgM, which we term holoenzyme destabilization, enhances
Dog in the Night: The Limits of European Nationalism, 1789–1895

. The article questions the widely held view that nationalism was a significant feature of modem civilisation and particularly of nineteenth-century Europe. Two groups of events are chosen for examination: reputedly classic instances of nationalism (the French Revolution, German responses to Napoleon, the Italian and German revolutions of 1848, Italian and German unification and the Eastern crisis of 1875-8), and important international events which in an age of nationalism should reflect it (the Crimean War, Bismarck's alliances and the Franco-Russian alliance). Defined as the effort of nation/peoples to defend/extend their power, nationalism is evaluated specifically for its breadth of support and its influence on decision-makers which prove to be limited. This conclusion has implications not only for these events but also brings into question the established system of historical periodisation which presumes the distinctiveness of the nineteenth century and modem civilisation precisely because of their distinguishing features such as nationalism.
Measurement of Guide Wavelength in Rectangular Dielectric Waveguide

Oscillators in the microwave and millimeter-wave region were constructed wherein the resonators consisted of sections of rectangular dielectric waveguide. While adding thin blocks of dielectric to increase the mechanical length of the resonator, the power output and frequency were measured. Using this technique, the experimental value of the wavelength in the longitudinal direction, lambda/sub g/, was determined. These experimental data were then compared with calculations predicted by optical theory. Good agreement was found where the bulk wavelength was small compared with the cross-sectional dimensions of the dielectric. If the half-wavelength in the dielectric was comparable with the dielectric dimensions, the values of lambda/sub g/ were greater than the theoretical values. In the process of carrying out these experiments, a new type of oscillator is described which provides a power ontput comparable with diodes in metal-walled cavities. In addition, the new dielectric cavities are simple in construction and are compatible with dielectric waveguide, image line, or microstrip systems.
Mars to Venus or Earth to Earth? How Do Families of Origin Fit into GLBTQ Lives?

This article examines some of the themes in the special issue about the families of origin of people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or queer (GLBTQ). Coming out to families of origin is a pivotal event that changes the family system. Race, ethnicity, and immigration intersect with a family member's disclosure of sexuality and gender identity. Families are both private and public institutions, and are influenced by, and influence, the media. Families may take advantage of professional advice about GLBTQ issues but may also need to educate professionals about these issues. This article concludes with suggestions for further research.
Detection of Isolated Cerebrovascular β-Amyloid with Pittsburgh Compound B

Imaging of cerebrovascular beta-amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy) is complicated by the nearly universal overlap of this pathology with Alzheimer's pathology. We performed positron emission tomographic imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B on 42-year-old man with early manifestations of Iowa-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a form of the disorder with little or no plaque deposits of fibrillar beta-amyloid. The results demonstrated increased Pittsburgh Compound B retention selectively in occipital cortex, sparing regions typically labeled in Alzheimer's disease. These results offer compelling evidence that Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography can noninvasively detect isolated cerebral amyloid angiopathy before overt signs of tissue damage such as hemorrhage or white matter lesions.
A simple two-dimensional model for subthreshold channel-length modulation in short-channel MOSFETs

A physical yet simple model that describes subthreshold channel-length modulation and its complex relationship with drain-induced barrier lowering (DIB) in short-channel MOSFETs is derived. The underlying quasi-two-dimensional analysis produced a V/sub DS/-independent value for the modulated channel length in weak inversion, which can be used to simplify and correct subthreshold current simulation. The model, supported by numerical device simulation, further gives insight regarding how channel-length modulation scales with structural parameters. >
A five-step "microskills" model of clinical teaching

Teaching family practice residents in a clinical setting is a complex and challenging endeavor, especially for community family physicians teaching part-time and junior faculty members beginning their academic careers. We present a five-step model of clinical teaching that utilizes simple, discrete teaching behaviors or "microskills." The five microskills that make up the model are (1) get a commitment, (2) probe for supporting evidence, (3) teach general rules, (4) reinforce what was done right, and (5) correct mistakes. The microskills are easy to learn and can be readily used as a framework for most clinical teaching encounters. The model has been well received by both community family physicians interested in teaching and newer residency faculty members.
Informing the design of clinical decision support services for evaluation of children with minor blunt head trauma in the emergency department

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Decision support integrated with emergency department workflow is a design challenge.Sociotechnical models can inform ED decision support design.The interdisciplinary assessment process is an example of an ED sociotechnical theme.Shared documentation spaces may allow for efficient, accurate data capture in the ED.Ease of re-using and updating data may enhance decision support use. Integration of clinical decision support services (CDSS) into electronic health records (EHRs) may be integral to widespread dissemination and use of clinical prediction rules in the emergency department (ED). However, the best way to design such services to maximize their usefulness in such a complex setting is poorly understood. We conducted a multi-site cross-sectional qualitative study whose aim was to describe the sociotechnical environment in the ED to inform the design of a CDSS intervention to implement the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) clinical prediction rules for children with minor blunt head trauma. Informed by a sociotechnical model consisting of eight dimensions, we conducted focus groups, individual interviews and workflow observations in 11 EDs, of which 5 were located in academic medical centers and 6 were in community hospitals. A total of 126 ED clinicians, information technology specialists, and administrators participated. We clustered data into 19 categories of sociotechnical factors through a process of thematic analysis and subsequently organized the categories into a sociotechnical matrix consisting of three high-level sociotechnical dimensions (workflow and communication, organizational factors, human factors) and three themes (interdisciplinary assessment processes, clinical practices related to prediction rules, EHR as a decision support tool). Design challenges that emerged from the analysis included the need to use structured data fields to support data capture and re-use while maintaining efficient care processes, supporting interdisciplinary communication, and facilitating family-clinician interaction for decision-making.
Silent ischemia: unsafe at any time.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty with stenting has become a mainstay in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Over one million PCI procedures were performed in the U.S. alone in 2000, nearly one-half of which involved placement of a coronary
Presence and activity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in milk and dairy products: a review

The presence and metabolic activity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in milk and dairy products are reviewed. Problems involved in adequately defining the microorganisms and temperatures of growth are discussed. The sources and incidences of psychrotrophs in milk and dairy products and methods to control these microorganisms are presented. Methods ranging from simple plate counting techniques to detection of metabolites produced by the psychrotrophs are reviewed. Alterations of protein, lipid and carbohydrate fractions of milk and their effects on the keeping quality of milk and dairy products are discussed. Finally, additional research areas are suggested.
Wrongful Conviction Litigation: A Criminological Perspective

Errors of eyewitness testimony, false confessions and police investigative practices are often committed inadvertently and may have been reasonable at the time.
Diversity Captured in the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Apple Core Collection

ABSTRACT. The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Malus collection is maintained by the Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) in Geneva, NY. In the 1990s, a core subset of 258 trees was hand-selected to be representative of the grafted Malus collection. We used a combination of genotypic and phenotypic data to compare the diversity of the 198 diploid trees in the original core subset with that of 2114 diploid trees in the grafted field collection for which data were available. The 198 trees capture 192 of the 232 total microsatellite alleles and have 78 of the 95 phenotypic characters. An addition of 67 specific individuals increases the coverage to 100% of the allelic and phenotypic character states. Several de novo core sets that capture all the allelic and phenotypic character states in 100 individuals are also provided. Use of these proposed sets of individuals will help ensure that a broad range of Malus diversity is included in evaluations that use the core subset of grafted trees in the PGRU collection.
Characterizing State of Chain Entanglement in Entangled Polymer Solutions during and after Large Shear Deformation

Using four entangled 1,4-polybutadiene solutions as model systems, we carry out rate-switching startup shear and elastic recovery tests to probe the state of chain entanglement during startup continuous shear and after shear cessation, respectively. Specifically, we apply a second startup shear of higher rate either during the first startup shear or after cessation of the first shear. The nonmonotonic response (overshoot) to the startup shear is evaluated to elucidate the effect of any preceding shear on the entanglement structure. In a second type of experiments, at different strains during and after shear or relaxing for a certain amount of time after shear cessation we set the shear stress free to determine the amount of elastic recoil, which can also reveal the status of chain entanglement interactions. Consistent with the emerging theoretical interpretations, these multistep rheometric procedures allow us to learn more about (a) elastic yielding during relaxation after cessation of shear that is prod...
Perfluoroalkyl acid uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) irrigated with reclaimed water.

Using reclaimed water to irrigate food crops presents an exposure pathway for persistent organic contaminants such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to enter the human food chain. This greenhouse study used reclaimed water augmented with varying concentrations (0.2–40 μg/L) of PFAAs, including perfluorocarboxylates (C3F7COO– to C8F17COO–) and perfluorosulfonates (C4F9SO2O–, C6F13SO2O–, C8F17SO2O–), to investigate potential uptake and concentration–response trends in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa). In addition, studies were conducted to evaluate the role of soil organic carbon concentrations on plant uptake of PFAAs. PFAA concentrations in lettuce leaves and strawberry fruit were measured for each aqueous PFAA concentration applied. PFAA plant concentrations increased linearly with the aqueous concentration for all PFAAs, with PFCAs bioaccumulating to a greater degree than PFSAs in the edible portions of the tested plants. Chain-length-dependency trends were evident in both lettu...
Parental effects on seed development and seed yield in Raphanus raphanistrum: implications for natural and sexual selection

The possibility that sexual selection operates in angiosperms to effect evolutionary change in polygenic traits affecting male reproductive success requires that there is additive genetic variance for these traits. I applied a half-sib breeding design to individuals of the annual, her- maphroditic angiosperm, wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum: Brassicaceae), to estimate paternal genetic effects on, or, when possible, the narrow-sense heritability of several quantitative traits influencing male reproductive success. In spite of significant differences among pollen donors with respect to in vitro pollen tube growth rates, I detected no significant additive genetic variance in male performance with respect to the proportion of ovules fertilized, early ovule growth, the number of seeds per fruit, or mean individual seed weight per fruit. In all cases, differences among maternal plants in these traits far exceeded differences among pollen donors. Abortion rates of pollinated flowers and fertilized ovules also differed more among individuals as maternal plants than as pollen donors, suggesting strong maternal control over these processes. Significant maternal phenotypic effects in the absence of paternal genetic or phenotypic effects on reproductive traits may be due to maternal environmental effects, to non-nuclear or non-additive maternal genetic effects, or to additive genetic variance in maternal control over offspring development, independent of offspring genotype. While I could not distinguish among these alternatives, it is clear that, in wild radish, the opportunity for natural or sexual selection to effect change in seed weight or seed number per fruit appears to be greater through differences in female performance than through differences in male performance.
Distribution of T-Haplotypes in Natural Populations of Wild House Mice

Data obtained from published studies and from mice trapped for use in our laboratory were analyzed to determine the relationship between frequency of t -haplotypes in wild house mice ( Mus musculus ) and other variables such as sex, age at capture, and kind of t -haplotype found in the population. In addition, the frequency of t -alleles in populations from which mice had been sampled repeatedly was examined to determine whether, within populations, frequency of t -haplotypes tends to change over time. Populations in which semilethal haplotypes predominated had higher frequencies of heterozygous animals than populations in which the predominant haplotype was a lethal. Furthermore, frequencies of t -haplotypes were higher in males than in females. However, no difference in frequency of t -alleles was found between mice trapped as juveniles and individuals of the same sex trapped as adults. Furthermore, only one of 14 populations from which mice were trapped repeatedly showed evidence of a change in frequency of heterozygotes over time. The relevance of these data for potential processes controlling the frequency of t -haplotypes in wild populations is discussed.
Implementation of a pharmacotherapy clinic into the patient centered medical home model by a second year pharmacy resident

Objective Evaluate the impact a post graduate year 2 (PGY-2) pharmacy resident run clinic incorporated into the patient centered medical home (PCMH) model may have on achieving reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) over six months in type 2 diabetics within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods This was a prospective, quasi-experimental study enrolling type 2 diabetics referred to the pharmacist-run clinic not meeting American Diabetes Association (ADA) treatment goals for A1c less than 7%, and/or LDL less than 100 mg/dL, and/or blood pressure (BP) less than 130/80 mmHg. Once signed informed consent was obtained, veterans were followed according to usual standards of care for six months with visits and lab follow-up at baseline, three, and six months (±45 days). The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c, LDL, and BP from baseline to six months. Secondary endpoints included the change from baseline to three months in A1c, LDL, and BP and the percentage of patients who achieved ADA treatment goals for A1c, LDL, and BP at six months. Results Among the 24 patients included in the data analysis (100% male, 92% Caucasian), A1c decreased significantly from 7.56% to 7.19% ( p = 0.0122) as well as LDL from 92.9 to 68.5 mg/dL ( p = 0.0023), SBP from 131 to 124 mmHg ( p = 0.0302), and DBP from 71.5 to 64.8 mmHg ( p = 0.0012). The proportion of patients at recommended goal A1c <7% rose from 17% to 38%, as did the percentage of patients meeting ADA goals for LDL (75% to 96%), SBP (46% to 71%), and DBP (79% to 92%). Conclusion Patients followed in a resident run pharmacotherapy clinic in the PCMH model with interventions over six months showed significant improvements in clinical endpoints including A1c, LDL, SBP, and DBP.
The blood composition of cows in commercial dairy herds and its relationships with season and lactation.

SUMMARY Blood samples were taken from groups of lactating and non-lactating cows in 24 dairy herds, which were sampled eight herds at a time, at six-weekly intervals during two consecutive years. The blood samples were analysed for packed cell volume, blood glucose and haemoglobin, and for serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe and total iron binding capacity. Packed cell volumes and concentrations of urea nitrogen were highest during the summer months of both years. Concentrations of haemoglobin and Fe were significantly higher in the summer of the first but not the second year. Total iron binding capacity was higher in the summer of the second year, the one year in which it was measured. Changes with season in the concentrations of the other constituents were smaller and sometimes inconsistent between the two years. Packed cell volumes and haemoglobin concentrations were consistently higher and concentrations of Mg and Cu lower in the non-lactating cows than in the lactating cows. In summer and autumn Fe concentrations and total iron binding capacities in lactating cows were lower than in non-lactating cows. Inorganic phosphate and Ca concentrations in lactating cows were lower than in non-lactating cows in summer and autumn respectively. For several constituents there were, regardless of season, differences among herds; these were most statistically significant for Cu, albumin and K. The influences of season, lactation and herd are considered in relation to their possible incorporation in the definition of normal ranges of blood composition for use in metabolic profile testing, and the conclusion drawn is that one standard range is adequate for the interpretation of metabolic profile results throughout the year and, with the exception of Hb and PCV, for both lactating and non-lactating cows.
CHALLENGE Trial 1 Year Feasibility Results—Letter

We were delighted to read the recent report by Courneya and colleagues on the 1-year feasibility and fitness benefits of a structured exercise program among colon cancer survivors in the CHALLENGE Trial ([1][1]). These findings, and the expected 3-year follow-up data, are an important contribution
A Mathematical Model of the Semicircular Canals

The semicircular canals are the primary transducer for the sensing of angular motion. As such, they are part of the organs of equilibrium. The importance of these organs for the successful functioning of the human body is obvious. The semicircular canals have, therefore, attracted the attention of physiologists, sensory psychologists and physicians over the years. From the very beginning, physical scientists and mathematicians have been consulted to provide an explanation of the mechanics of this fascinating organ.
Clinical Reasoning: A 20-year-old man with headache and double vision

A 20-year-old man presented to the emergency department with 1 week of headaches and double vision following 2 days of fever (102°F), nausea, and vomiting. His headache was progressively worsening, throbbing behind his right eye, nonpositional, and associated with photophobia, blurry vision, and pain with eye movement. Occasionally, it was severe enough to wake him up from sleep. Horizontal double vision ensued soon after the headache. His diplopia was worse looking at a distance, improved on leftward gaze, worsened on rightward gaze, and resolved with closing one eye. He denied neck stiffness, focal weakness, numbness, or other neurologic symptoms. He denied recent rashes, infections, or tick bites. He lives on a farm in central Brazil. He arrived in Massachusetts 2 months before his presentation to visit family members. He had no significant medical history and took no medications. He did not smoke or use drugs.
Plasmid-based one-pot saturation mutagenesis

Deep mutational scanning is a foundational tool for addressing the functional consequences of large numbers of mutants, but a more efficient and accessible method for construction of user-defined mutagenesis libraries is needed. Here we present nicking mutagenesis, a robust, single-day, one-pot saturation mutagenesis method performed on routinely prepped plasmid dsDNA. The method can be used to produce comprehensive or single- or multi-site saturation mutagenesis libraries.
Effect of Trenbolone enanthate on protein degradation in levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle in orchiectomized rats

Trenbolone (TREN), a potent testosterone analog, does not undergo 5[alpha]-reduction to the more potent metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and may produce androgenic effects without DHT-mediated ...
Embroidery in the Circle of the Last Romanovs

The goal of this article is to make a preliminary survey of the liturgical embroideries made or commissioned by the Empress Alexandra Fedorovna and her sister Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna. It suggests that the sisters’ needlework for sacred purposes was invested with a significance not seen in elite Russian society since the late seventeenth century. At a time when the arts of Orthodoxy were undergoing a state-sponsored renaissance, the wife and sister-in-law of the Nicholas II were the last in a long line of royal women seeking to assert their piety and their power through traditional women’s work. In the closing years of the empire, to make and to donate sacred textiles was a way to emulate ancestral women, while providing modern women with examples of piety, industriousness, and patriotism.
Abstract 143: Procedural Efficacy in Radial vs. Femoral Approach in Coronary Catheterization and Percutaneous Intervention in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: The practice of trans-radial artery (TRA) approach for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been steadily increasing in the United States since 2007 from 1% to 16% in 2012. However, when compared to trans-femoral artery (TFA) approach the procedural efficacy for TRA was found to be worse in large studies. The aim of this study was to explore procedural efficacy of TRA vs TFA approach in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of data from 10,145 consecutive patients from our coronary catheterization lab database from 9/2011 to 5/2015 at University of South Dakota, Sanford Heart Hospital. Cases were analyzed for procedural efficacy as defined by duration of procedure, fluoroscopic time, and total contrast utilization. Results: Overall, 7,581 (76%) patients underwent TRA approach and 2,564 (24%) patients underwent TFA approach. There was a shorter procedural duration for TRA approach vs TFR approach (60.1 minutes vs 78.3 minutes; p Conclusion: Contrary to what was seen in major trials; in our center, procedural efficacy was substantially better for TRA approach compared to TFA approach. Though procedural duration for TRA approach has remained the same over the past four years, there was also a general trend toward lengthening procedural duration for TFA approach.
INSM1 is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Head and Neck Tumors

The head and neck is the site of a wide and sometimes bewildering array of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. Although recognition of NE differentiation may be necessary for appropriate tumor classification and treatment, traditional NE markers such as synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56 are not always sufficiently sensitive or specific to make this distinction. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a novel transcription factor that has recently demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity for NE differentiation in various anatomic sites, but has not yet been extensively evaluated in tumors of the head and neck. We performed INSM1 immunohistochemistry on NE tumors (n=97) and non-NE tumors (n=626) across all histologic grades and anatomic subsites of the head and neck. INSM1 was positive in all types of head and neck NE tumors evaluated here (99.0% sensitivity), including middle ear adenoma, pituitary adenoma, paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell NE carcinoma, and sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. Notably, it was positive in the vast majority of high-grade NE malignancies (95.8% sensitivity). INSM1 also was negative in almost all non-NE tumors (97.6% specificity) with the highest rates of reactivity in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily B, member 1 (SMARCB1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. These findings confirm that INSM1 may be used as a standalone first-line marker of NE differentiation for tumors of the head and neck.
The use of metallographic and metallurgical investigation methods in the preservation of metallic heritage artefacts

Abstract: Metallographic investigations may be an essential component in the search for authenticity and fabrication technology. Assessing how an artefact is made may involve metallographic examination, usually entailing the removal of a small sample from the object concerned. Examples of the use of metallography are discussed with reference to copper alloys, high-tin bronzes, Chinese bronze mirrors, copper plaques, iron and steels, and plated or coated metals, such as depletion gilded surfaces or those covered with gold foil or other metals. The different types of features which metallography can reveal concerning ancient metallic structures are briefly discussed with several colour photomicrographs which illustrate the features described in this chapter. The importance of metallography as one component of the scientific tools to aid in the determination of authenticity of ancient metallic artefacts is stressed, and an example given of old electrotypes from the Victoria and Albert Museum. Important literature references are provided to direct the reader to more detailed studies on the subject.
Pressure-controlled hydraulic dilation of the ureter: "one-step" ureteroscopy.

AbstractA controlled pressure pump was used to dilate the ureteral orifice hydraulically with irrigant flow through the ureteroscope in 50 ureters in 48 patients. The method was successful in all but 1 patient, who had a dense, fibrotic intramural segment that required extensive ureteral meatotomy before the instrument could be inserted. All subsequent procedures (stone removal, relief of obstruction or diagnostic evaluation) were successful, and there were no cases of sepsis or signs of excessive intraureteral or intrapelvic pressure. Hydraulic dilation drastically reduced the time required for ureteroscopy and probably reduced the frequency of complications. Details of the technique and the precautions are provided. (J. Urol., 140: 950–953, 1988)
Monitoring of Texture Development in Copper-Alloy Sheet

Recent advances in the theory of ultrasonic-wave propagation in polycrystalline media have developed mathematical relationships between the velocity of Lamb waves propagating in the plane of rolled sheet metal and the lowest-order coefficients in the grain orientation distribution function. This paper describes the use of Lamb wave velocity measurements in thin sheets of three commercial copper-zinc alloys to determine three of these coefficients and documents how they change as the sheet is rolled and annealed. The results indicate that by measuring only three Lamb wave velocities at particular times during the processing of the sheet, it should be possible to monitor and control the development of a desired texture. By using electromagnetic transducers, the Lamb wave velocity measurements could be performed under on-line conditions.
Role of the Arctic Ocean as a Bridge between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Fact and Hypothesis

The Arctic Ocean is recognized as a ‘bridge’ for marine biota between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The present-day Arctic Ocean marine flora is essentially a depauperate extension of the N Atlantic flora, with few endemic species. It is ‘stamped’ by the environment in its adaptations to cold temperatures and low light conditions. Characteristics and geographic limits of the Arctic biome are discussed, as well as previous misconceptions of this biome. This flora contains five floristic groups: N Pacific, N Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, cosmopolitan and endemic species; these groups are based on phylogenetic relationships, distribution tracks, and presumed origins. The recognition of these origins is also based on assumptions of genome antiquity, and morphological and reproductive stasis, i.e., continuity of species traits from a pre-Cretaeeous, possibly early Mesozoic, ancestry.
From Gregarious Syncretism to Reflexive Individualism: a Critical Review of New Age Studies in Latin America

This article reviews the recent scholarship on the New Age in Latin America, and contributes with a theoretical framework predicated on the rise of reflexive individualism. It questions claims that gregariousness and radical autonomy are distinctive traits of a “Latin American New Age,” and also points out a misguided trend to misclassify unqualified syncretic groups as “New Age.” These scholarly effects stem from methodological, conceptual, and disciplinary biases. Rather than being specifically Latin American features, gregariousness, syncretism, and autonomy are also abundantly found across North America and Western Europe. What is particularly distinctive about the New Age (globally and in Latin America) is how religious, scientific, and therapeutic traditions are retooled for the reflexive cultivation of the self.
Age and genetic background determine hybrid male sterility in house mice

Hybrid male sterility (HMS) is a unique type of reproductive isolation commonly observed between house mouse (Mus musculus) subspecies in the wild and in laboratory crosses. We identified hybrids that display three distinct trajectories of fertility despite having identical genotypes at the major HMS gene Prdm9 and the X Chromosome. In each case, we crossed female PWK/PhJ mice representative of the M.m.musculus subspecies to males from classical inbred strains representative of M.m.domesticus: 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J. PWK129S1 males are always sterile, while PWKDBA2 males escape HMS. In addition, we observe age-dependent sterility in PWKB6 and PWKAJ males. These males are fertile between 15 and 35 weeks with moderate penetrance. These results point to multiple segregating HMS modifier alleles, some of which have an age-dependent mode of action. Age-dependent mechanisms could have broad implications for the maintenance of reproductive barriers in nature.
Surgical management of marginal tears/avulsions of the suspensory ligament branches in 29 Thoroughbred racehorses.

BACKGROUND: Suspensory ligament branch injuries are common in horses. Most of these injuries are grouped together and considered as a single pathologic entity. OBJECTIVES: To report a specific injury of the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branches and to report its surgical management and outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: All horses with suspensory ligament branch injuries over a 9‐year period (2007–2015) were identified. Horses with injuries which, on ultrasonographic examination, appeared to have defects in the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branch, that were subsequently confirmed during surgery were selected. RESULTS: Twenty‐nine cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a specific lesion location on the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branch. Nineteen horses raced successfully after surgery, nine returned to training but failed to race and one was lost to follow‐up. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The absence of a comparable population of non‐surgically managed horses in this study means that the contribution of removing torn tissue cannot confidently be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The location and morphology of injuries described in this study is consistent, which suggests aetiopathogenic commonality. This case series suggests this type of injury has an identity of its own, differs from other types of suspensory ligament branch injuries and represents a previously undescribed subgroup.
Enhanced photodesorption from near- and mid-infrared plasmonic nanocrystal thin films

The authors show that the desorption rate of two model molecules, indole and benzoic acid, from thin films of indium tin oxide nanocrystals supporting near- and mid-infrared (0.33–0.48 eV) localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) is enhanced by as much as 60% upon illumination with broadband infrared light. The desorption rate increases linearly with light intensity. No increase in the desorption rate is detected for undoped In2O3 nanocrystal thin films or when photons resonant with the LSPR are blocked. The authors study the desorption rate enhancement as a function of illumination intensity, LSPR energy, and isotopic substitution. Importantly, the authors demonstrate the accelerated desorption via in-coupling of light to LSPRs with energies well within the mid-infrared. Their work opens the door to using these low energy photons as choreographers of chemical processes and sets the stage for future mechanistic studies.
Risk factors for Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats

Author(s): Reagan, Krystle L; Dear, Jonathan D; Kass, Philip H; Sykes, Jane E | Abstract: BackgroundCandida urinary tract infections occur in both dogs in cats but there is limited data about risk factors.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for candiduria in dogs in cats.AnimalsEighteen dogs and 8 cats with candiduria.MethodsA retrospective case-control study, using univariate exact logistic regression. Medical records were searched for a diagnosis of Candida and animals with culture-confirmed candiduria were enrolled. Controls had bacterial cystitis (dogs and cats) or cutaneous Malassezia infection (dogs only).ResultsAdministration of antibacterial drugs in the 30 days before diagnosis was associated with candiduria in dogs compared to controls with bacterial cystitis (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.1-66.9) or with Malassezia infection (OR 26.4; 95% CI 3.4-206.7). Antecedent antibacterial drug administration was associated with candiduria in cats (OR 15.7; 95% CI 1.9-132.3). Immunosuppression was associated with candiduria in dogs when compared to controls with Malassezia infection (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8), but not significantly when compared to dogs with bacterial cystitis (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.0). Lower urinary tract diseases other than infection were associated with candiduria in cats (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.6-27.9), but not significantly in dogs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.7-8.7). Neither diabetes mellitus nor history of hospitalization was significantly associated with candiduria in either species.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe recent administration of antibacterial drug therapy is a potential risk factor for development of candiduria in dogs and cats. Judicious use of antibacterial drugs might help to prevent candiduria.
Chemical bonding topology of ternary transition metal-centered bismuth cluster halides: from molecules to metals.

The bismuth polyhedra in ternary transition metal-centered bismuth cluster halides may form discrete molecules or ions, infinite chains, and/or infinite layers. The chemical bonding in many of these diverse structures is related to that in deltahedral boranes exhibiting three-dimensional aromaticity by replacing the multicenter core bond in the boranes with two-center two-electron (2c−2e) bonds from the central transition metal to the nearest neighbor bismuth vertices. Examples of discrete molecules or ions include octahedral MBi6(μ-X)12z- (X = Br, I; M = Rh, Ir, z = 3; M = Ru, z = 4) with exclusively 2c−2e bonds and pentagonal bipyramidal RhBi7Br8 with a 5c−4e bond in the equatorial pentagonal plane indicative of Mobius aromaticity. The compound Ru3Bi24Br20 contains a more complicated discrete bismuth cluster ion Ru2Bi17(μ-Br)45+, which can be dissected into a RuBi5 closo octahedron and a RuBi8 nido capped square antiprism bridged by a Ru2Bi4(μ-Br)4 structural unit. In RuBi4X2 (X = Br, I), the same Ru2Bi...
Blood Administration Systems

Readers of Chapter 1 will recognize the name of Christopher Wren, astronomer, mathematician and architect, as the first person to administer an intravenous infusion (1656). A disciple of Wren, Richard Lower, performed the first transfusion of blood in experiments suggested by Wren (1665). Lower demonstrated the transfer of blood from the carotid artery of one dog into the jugular vein of another through a series of connected quills. Previously, in 1658, Denis, a physician at the court of Louis XIV, had transfused lamb’s blood into a youth. Having met with apparent success in treating this first patient, Denis undertook several others with a much less satisfactory result. (This example is classic for medical science; the first patient subjected to a new therapy seemingly does well; additions to the series frequently fare poorly.)
Maritime In Situ Sensing Inter-Operable Networks (MISSION)

Abstract : This research is creating acoustic communications (acomms) technologies enabling underwater sensor networks and distributed systems. Project MISSION has the following objectives: 1) Study noisy underwater environments. 2) Achieve acomms through adverse channels. 3) Obtain datasets for acomms channel studies and transmission security (TRANSEC) studies. 4) Integrate U.S. Seaweb and Singapore Unet networks. 5) Demonstrate acoustic networks in Singapore Strait.
Structure and Dynamics of Van Der Waals Molecules

The spectroscopic study of molecular complexes by well-resolved transitions between bound states can provide considerable structural information. There now exist a modest body of relatively high resolution studies of a variety of binary molecular complexes upon which some speculations on the nature of intermolecular potentials may be based (1).
Genetic predictors to acupuncture response for hot flashes: an exploratory study of breast cancer survivors.

Objective Because hot flashes are a common symptom experienced by women with breast cancer, we sought to explore genetic predictors associated with response to acupuncture for the treatment of hot flashes. Methods Using data from our completed randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01005108) on hot flashes among breast cancer survivors who provided biomarker collection (N = 108), we extracted and assayed DNA for single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission, thermoregulation, and inflammation (ADORA1, COMT, TCL1A, and TRPV1). For our primary outcome we classified individuals with a 50% or more reduction in their hot flash composite score at the end of treatment as responders. We used Fisher exact test to identify individual and combined single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with treatment response. Results Among women (N = 57) who received acupuncture treatment (electro or sham), we found that women who were carriers of at least one of these six genotypes (ADORA1 rs41264025-GA or rs16851029-GG or rs12744240-GT, COMT rs6269-GA, TCL1A rs2369049-GG, and TRPV1 rs8065080-TT) were more likely to respond to acupuncture for hot flashes than noncarriers (70.3% vs 37.5%, P = 0.035). These six genotypes were not associated with response in women (N = 51) who received pharmacological hot flash treatment (gabapentin or placebo pill; 37.5% vs 37.5%, P = 1.0). Conclusions In this exploratory, proof of concept study, we identified six genotypes that may predict response to acupuncture for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. If confirmed by future studies, these findings may inform the development of personalized acupuncture for managing hot flashes.
Chapter 36 – Order Plecoptera

Plecoptera, or stoneflies, are an ancient insect order. The order name refers to the ability to fold their wings horizontally. Sixteen extant families and nearly 3,500 valid species are currently known. The nymphs of the vast majority of species are aquatic and most feed in two general categories, as shredders of leaves and as predators of other invertebrates. Adults are terrestrial, inhabiting vegetation near the stream or lake from which they emerged. In this chapter we present the morphology of stoneflies and cover aspects of their ecology and behavior. We also discuss sampling, rearing, and preservation of stonefly specimens. The conservation status of stoneflies is also discussed.