cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced inhibitor 1 and 2 activity is associated with increased protein phosphatase type 1 activity in left ventricular myocardium of one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats.

In failing hearts, although protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) activity has increased, information about the regulation and status of PP1 inhibitor-1 (INH-1) and inhibitor-2 (INH-2) is limited. In this study, we examined activity and protein expression of PP1, INH-1 and INH-2 and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) phospholamban (PLB), a substrate of PP1 and modulator of SR Ca2+-ATPase activity, in failing and non-failing hearts. These studies were performed in LV myocardium of seven rats with chronic renal hypertension produced by Goldblatt’s one-kidney, one-clip procedure and seven age-matched sham-operated normal controls (CTR). Eight weeks after surgery, LV ejection fraction, LV hypertrophy, and pulmonary congestion were determined in all rats. PP1 activity (nmol 32P/min/mg non-collagen protein) was assessed in LV homogenates using 32P-labeled phosphorylase a as substrate. INH-1 and INH-2 activity was determined in the immunoprecipitate of LV homogenates and expressed as percentage inhibitory activity. Using a specific antibody, LV tissue levels of PP1C and calsequestrin (CSQ), a SR calcium binding protein, which is not altered in failing hearts, were also determined. Further, total and phosphorylated PLB, INH-1 and INH-2 protein levels were determined in the LV homogenate and phosphoprotein-enriched fraction, respectively. The band density of each protein was quantified in densitometric units and normalized to CSQ. Results: rats with chronic renal hypertension exhibited significantly reduced LV ejection fraction and increased LV hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion, characteristics of chronic heart failure (CHF). We found that compared to CTR, (1) both INH-1 (10.2 ± 2 versus 57.5 ± 1; p<0.05) and INH-2 activity (3.8 ± 0.4 versus 36.2 ± 4; p<0.05) were reduced, (2) total and phosphorylated PLB amount reduced, (3) protein level of phosphorylated INH-1 was reduced (2.32 ± 0.1 versus 0.73 ± 0.04; p<0.05) whereas that of phosphorylated INH-2 increased (3.05 ± 0.3 versus 1.42 ± 0.1; p<0.05), and (4) PP1 activity was increased approximately 2.6-fold in rats with CHF (1.59 ± 0.05 versus 0.61 ± 0.01; p<0.05) while protein level of the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1C) increased 3.85-fold (0.77 ± 0.05 versus 0.20 ± 0.02; p<0.05). These results suggest that reduced inhibitory INH-1 and INH-2 activity, increased PP1C protein level, and reduced PLB phosphorylation are associated with increased PP1 activity in failing hearts. (Mol Cell Biochem 269: 49–57, 2005)
Self-Esteem and Locus of Control of Women Who Report Sexual Abuse during Childhood

To study the self-esteem and locus of control of adult women who reported childhood sexual abuse experiences, 66 undergraduate students in psychology completed the Tennessee Self-concept Scale, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and a research questionnaire. Contrary to expectation, mean scores of 33 women who reported abuse were not significantly different from those of 33 control women who reported no such experience.
The influence of TCS on the growth and behavior of the freshwater snail, Physa acuta.

Triclosan (TCS) is among the top 10 most persistent contaminants found in U.S. rivers, streams, lakes, and aquifers. Although TCS has not been found to be hazardous to humans, it can be toxic to aquatic environments and animals. The effects of TCS on growth rates and the locomotive behavior of the freshwater snail, Physa acuta, were studied by exposing snails to a range of environmentally-relevant trace concentrations previously documented in freshwater ecosystems. Effects of TCS on snail growth were calculated using a non-linear regression model, and effects on behavior were determined using a two-way analysis of variance. Environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS (0.5 to 1.0 μg/L) enhanced Physa growth rates at low concentrations, but slowed growth rates at concentrations greater than 5 μg/L. Acute exposure did not affect immediate snail behavior; however, chronically exposed snails moved more slowly than naive snails. These data indicate that concentrations of TCS currently found in freshwater eco...
Modulation of substrate binding to naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase by rieske cluster reduction/oxidation.

The active site of the oxygenase component of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDO) contains a Rieske Fe−S cluster and a mononuclear non-heme iron, which are contributed by different α-subunits in the (αβ)3 structure. The enzyme catalyzes cis-dihydroxylation of aromatic substrates in addition to numerous other adventitious oxidation reactions. High-resolution Mims 2H-ENDOR spectra have been recorded for the NO-ferrous center of NDO bound with d8-naphthalene and d2-naphthalene; spectra were collected for the enzyme with the Rieske diiron center both in its oxidized and in its reduced states. A sharp quartet ENDOR pattern from a nearby deuteron of substrate was detected for each substrate. Examination of the sample prepared with 1,4-dideutero-naphthalene shows that the signal arises from D1. The ENDOR data place D1 at a distance of ca. 4.4 A from the mononuclear Fe and with the Fe−D vector being roughly along the Fe−N(O) direction. Because reduction of the Rieske cluster is required for O2 binding and subsequen...
Particulate matter and risk of parkinson disease in a large prospective study of women

Exposure to air pollution has been implicated in a number of adverse health outcomes and the effect of particulate matter (PM) on the brain is beginning to be recognized. Yet, no prospective study has examined the association between PM and risk of Parkinson Disease. Thus, our goal was assess if exposure to particulate matter air pollution is related to risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), a large prospective cohort of women. Cumulative average exposure to different size fractions of PM up to 2 years before the onset of PD, was estimated using a spatio-temporal model by linking each individual’s places of residence throughout the study with location-specific air pollution levels. We prospectively followed 115,767 women in the NHS, identified 508 incident PD cases and used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of PD associated with each size fraction of PM independently. In models adjusted for age in months, smoking, region, population density, caffeine and ibuprofen intake, we observed no statistically significant associations between exposure to air pollution and PD risk. The relative risk (RR) comparing the top quartile to the bottom quartile of PM exposure was 1.03 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.78, 1.37) for PM10 (≤ 10 microns in diameter), 1.10 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.45) for PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 microns in diameter), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.26) for PM10–2.5 (2.5 to 10 microns in diameter). In this study, we found no evidence that exposure to air pollution is a risk factor for PD.
Acoustic models of co-varying vocal roughness and breathiness

Dysphonia is characterized by several vocal qualities including breathiness and roughness. These qualities can coexist within a single voice. To examine the potential interaction between judgments of one voice quality in the presences of another, a large set of synthetic voices that co-varied along the breathiness and roughness continua were created and evaluated by 10 listeners. The perception of roughness (synthesized via amplitude modulation) was unaffected by degree of breathiness. The perception of breathiness, however, was affected by the degree of roughness: for low-breathy voices breathiness increased by about 2 dB as roughness increased from no roughness to maximum roughness; yet for high-breathy voices, breathiness decreased by about 2 dB as roughness increased. Current acoustic models of voice quality (pitch strength, auto-correlation peak, cepstral peak, partial loudness ratio, and glottal-noise-excitation ratio) do not explain the observed interaction of roughness and breathiness. To explain the observed interaction, we evaluate the possibility that roughness perception is dominated by temporal cues (which are unaffected by the presence of breathiness) and that breathiness perception is driven by spectro-temporal cues which are affected by the sub-harmonics generated by amplitude modulation. The sub-harmonics partially contribute to non-harmonic energy (increasing breathiness) and partially mask aperiodic energy (decreasing breathiness).
Time-Multiplexed Online Checking: A Feasibility Study

There is growing demand for online hardware checking capability to cope with increasing in-field failures resulting from variability and reliability problems. While many online checking schemes have been proposed, their area overhead remains too high for cost-sensitive applications. We introduce a time-multiplexed online checking scheme using embedded field-programmable blocks for checker implementation, which enables various system parts to be checked dynamically in-field in a time-multiplexed fashion. This incurs less area overhead, and could maintain fault coverage similar to traditional checkers. The test quality is studied using a probabilistic model. The implementation feasibility using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is demonstrated.
Toxic shock syndrome after functional endonasal sinus surgery: An all or none phenomenon?

Reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) following nasal surgery or functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS) are uncommon. Classic TSS is a serious numtisystem disorder resulting from Staphylococcus aureus phage I toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), and it is characterized by fever, rash, hypo-tension, mucosal hyperemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and laboratory evidence of multisystem organ dysfunction. TSS cases following nasal surgery have been associated with nasal packing, mucosal barrier violation, prior S aureus phage I colonization, as well as low antitoxin antibody levels
Influence of cyclophosphamide and 4-ketocyclophosphamide on mouse limb development.

Many studies have been performed on the in vivo teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide, and there is uncertainty whether the parent compound or P-450 generated alkylating metabolite(s) is the proximal teratogen(s). We have examined the influence of cyclophosphamide and a metabolite, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, on mouse limb development. Pregnant mice were injected with 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide on days 9 to 11 of gestation. Hindlimb buds were maximally sensitive to 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide at 9 A. M. on day 11, and the predominant malformations formed were preaxial ectrodactyly and hemimelia. Hindlimb buds of the same gestational age exposed to cyclophosphamide in vitro responded identically to controls in morphology and uptake of 3H-thymidine and 35SO4. Exposure to 4-ketocyclophosphamide in culture, however, resulted in the formation of limbs with a “hemimelic” appearance and distal limb reduction, and with reduced uptake of 3H-thymidine and 35SO4. These findings support the position that the P-450 generated metabolite (s), and not the parent compound, is the proximal teratogen(s).
Effect of the Estrous Cycle, Castration and Pseudopregnancy on E. coli in the Uterus and Uterine Secretions of the Rat

Uteri and uterine secretions from rats in various stages of the estrous cycle, following castration and after the induction of pseudopregnancy were examined for their ability to inhibit microbial growth. When E. coli were placed in the uteri of these animals for 90 mm, a marked inhibition of bacterial colony formation was observed in proestrous and estrous rats. In contrast, diestrous rats exhibited only a mild inhibitory effect, while castrate and pseudopregnant rat uteri exhibited no bactericidal activity. Tests were made for the presence of a soluble inhibitory agent(s) in uterine flushings using an in vitro assay. Only fluid from proestrous rats was observed to inhibit E. co/i colony formation. This result indicates that a bacterial inhibitory agent is present in the genital tract, varies with the estrous cycle, and does not require bacteria to induce its presence. This study suggests that the endocrine balance in the adult female rat plays an important role in modulating the response of the rat genital tract to bacterial infection so as to increase resistance at proestrus and estrus.
Continuous pursuit curves on cat $$(K)$$ ( K ) spaces

We prove theorems of existence, uniqueness and rate of convergence for continuous pursuit curves in cat $$(K)$$ spaces. We prove that these pursuit curves have a regularity property that serves as a replacement for $$C^{1,1}$$ regularity in smooth spaces.
Evaluation of frequency offset and Doppler effect in terrestrial RF and in underwater acoustic OFDM systems

Frequency offset and Doppler effect cause loss of orthogonality in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which in turn may severely degrade receiver performance. Traditionally, most of the literature dealt with non-varying Doppler effect over OFDM subcarriers. However, in terrestrial ultra-wideband (UWB) OFDM radio frequency (RF) and in high data rate underwater acoustic communication (UAC), the effect of Doppler varies considerably over OFDM band. This paper will investigate the frequency offset and the varying effect of Doppler through analysis and simulation in both domains in order to maintain orthogonality or to compensate loss of orthogonality. To the best knowledge of the authors, this type of detailed analysis is not present in these domains, and thus this paper provides a valuable contribution.
Do Politics Perceptions Relate to Political Behaviors? Tests of an Implicit Assumption and Expanded Model

This study examined perceived political behaviors as a critical, yet largely overlooked, component in the traditional organizational politics perceptions model. Further, this study developed an expanded version of the traditional antecedents to politics perceptions and examined the mediating effect of perceptions of politics in the model. Results from 260 full-time employees suggested that the use of reactive/defensive political behaviors exacerbated the already negative effects of perceived organizational politics on outcomes. Further, the set of variables that come from the job/work environment were found to explain more variance in perceptions of organizational politics than the set of organizational or individual variables. Finally, perceptions of politics demonstrated mediation effects between the antecedent variables and job satisfaction, job anxiety, and intent to turnover Discussion centers around the expanded model and the need to conceptually and empirically link politics perceptions with politi...
Multiplet coupling of the normal modes of an elliptical, transversely isotropic earth

SUMMARY The formula is given for the perturbation matrix elements representing the coupling of normal modes due to ellipticity and boundary perturbations of a transversely isotropic earth.
Janus: optimal flash provisioning for cloud storage workloads

Janus is a system for partitioning the flash storage tier between workloads in a cloud-scale distributed file system with two tiers, flash storage and disk. The file system stores newly created files in the flash tier and moves them to the disk tier using either a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) policy or a Least-Recently-Used (LRU) policy, subject to per-workload allocations. Janus constructs compact metrics of the cacheability of the different workloads, using sampled distributed traces because of the large scale of the system. From these metrics, we formulate and solve an optimization problem to determine the flash allocation to workloads that maximizes the total reads sent to the flash tier, subject to operator-set priorities and bounds on flash write rates. Using measurements from production workloads in multiple data centers using these recommendations, as well as traces of other production workloads, we show that the resulting allocation improves the flash hit rate by 47-76% compared to a unified tier shared by all workloads. Based on these results and an analysis of several thousand production workloads, we conclude that flash storage is a cost-effective complement to disks in data centers.
Allelic variation at the frizzled locus of Drosophila

The epidermis of Drosophila has a tissue polarity that is manifested by a parallel array of polarized structures (primarily hairs and bristles). The production of normal tissue polarity requires the function of the frizzled (fz) locus. We have isolated a large number of alleles at this locus and have phenotypically characterized more than 25 of them. We have found extensive allelic variation that a previous study failed to detect. Most of the alleles fall into a hypomorphic to amorphic series. Two alleles, however, have unusual properties. These alleles, which in general are moderately strong alleles, fail to produce a rough eye phenotype that is characteristic of all the other moderate or strong fz alleles. Thus, these two alleles are tissue specific in effect. Furthermore, these two alleles also have a neomorphic or antimorphic effect on hair polarity in one region of the wing.
Animal Models of Choroidal Neovascularization

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition in which proliferating choroidal blood vessels grow through Bruch’s membrane, penetrate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and extend into the subretinal space. There, the blood vessels leak fluid, ultimately leading to serous retinal detachment. CNV associated with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of vision loss in the elderly. However, in spite of its prevalence, relatively little is known concerning the pathogenesis of CNV. In order to better understand this disease process and explore therapies to treat it, several experimental animal models of CNV have been developed. The most widely used of these models is laser-induced CNV in primates and rodents, but several knockout and transgenic mouse models exist as well. The aim of this chapter is to explore the historical background and significance of these animal models of CNV.
Advancing Adsorption and Membrane Separation Processes for the Gigaton Carbon Capture Challenge

Reducing CO2 in the atmosphere and preventing its release from point-source emitters, such as coal and natural gas-fired power plants, is a global challenge measured in gigatons. Capturing CO2 at this scale will require a portfolio of gas-separation technologies to be applied over a range of applications in which the gas mixtures and operating conditions will vary. Chemical scrubbing using absorption is the current state-of-the-art technology. Considerably less attention has been given to other gas-separation technologies, including adsorption and membranes. It will take a range of creative solutions to reduce CO2 at scale, thereby slowing global warming and minimizing its potential negative environmental impacts. This review focuses on the current challenges of adsorption and membrane-separation processes. Technological advancement of these processes will lead to reduced cost, which will enable subsequent adoption for practical scaled-up application.
Chemically enhanced CO2 gas exchange in a eutrophic lake : A general model1

The exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and water is governed by the kinetics of diffusion and reaction in the interfacial boundary layer. Previous derivations of the equations describing this process are not always applicable to lakes. A general model, developed to explain the CO/sub 2/ exchange rate in eutrophic Lake 227 of the Experimental Lakes Area, indicates that carbon dioxide invasion into this lake is five to ten times that predicted if there were no reaction. The model results conform with data from laboratory CO/sub 2/ invasion experiments. The large chemical enhancement in Lake 227 is caused by a strong CO/sub 2/ gradient resulting from an epilimnion depleted of carbon dioxide by eutrophication. These results indicate that calculations of the CO/sub 2/ gas exchange rate, especially in eutrophic lakes, must consider the possibility of a relatively large enhancement factor.
Analysis of LDPC decoding for correlated and uncorrelated block fading channels

This paper presents a density evolution analysis of the sum-product algorithm used for channel estimation and decoding of low density parity check (LDPC) codes on correlated and uncorrelated two-state block fading channels. The channels under consideration use binary symmetric channels and binary-input Gaussian channels as components, and the thresholds for regular LDPC codes on these channels are calculated. The analysis shows that for both correlated and uncorrelated block fading channels, the threshold increases with the memory length. If the memory length is fixed, introducing correlation between successive blocks increases the threshold; as the memory length increases, this effect diminishes
Using the WWW to support Project-Team formation

A team-based mechanical engineering design course at Stanford University has been expanded to include a new set of students attending remotely from industry. Because this class is centered on collaborative team experiences, it requires a degree of interactivity beyond what can be provided by periodic lecture transmissions. The World-Wide Web has been adopted as an artificial backbone in service of social exchange, and its use in facilitating project-team formation is examined. Once the technological hurdle is overcome, socio-cultural differences between the university environment and workplace emerge as main barriers to successful peer-interaction.
Chimeric constructs containing the SH4/Unique domains of cYes can restrict the ability of Src527F to upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression efficiently

Abstract cSrc and cYes are the two most homologous members of the Src-family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. These kinases perform redundant signalling functions in cells; however, there is also evidence to support specificity in signalling. In this report, specificity in signalling between activated forms of the cSrc and cYes oncoproteins was examined at the level of downstream gene expression. Here, pp60c-src 527F (Src 527F ) and chimeric constructs of Src 527F containing combinations of the SH4/Unique/SH3/SH2 domains of cYes were generated to determine whether the individual modular domains of cSrc or cYes could direct distinct cellular signals leading to differential gene expression. A biased, differential display analysis approach was used to analyse changes in gene expression. The data indicate that Src 527F is capable of upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in CEF cells at the level of transcription and protein expression. Chimeric constructs containing the SH4/Unique domains of cYes were less efficient in upregulating HO-1 expression. Activation of cSrc and expression of the HO-1 gene product are each induced under conditions of hypoxia. We hypothesize that activated cSrc can direct upregulation of HO-1 while activated cYes may be less efficient in stimulating signal transduction pathways that direct expression of HO-1.
Queer Pilgrimage: The San Francisco Homeland and Identity Tourism

The loveliness of Paris seems somehow sadly gay The glory that was Rome is of another day I've been terribly alone and forgotten in Manhattan I'm going home to my city by the Bay I left my heart in San Francisco High on a hill, it calls to me To be where little cable cars climb halfway to the stars The morning fog may chill the air I don't care My love waits there, in San Francisco, above the blue and windy sea When I come home to you, San Francisco, your golden sun will shine for me
Heisenberg saturation of the Froissart bound from AdS-CFT

Abstract In a previous paper, we have analyzed high energy QCD from AdS-CFT and proved the saturation of the Froissart bound (a purely QCD proof of which is still lacking). In this Letter we describe the calculation in more physical terms and map it to QCD language. We find a remarkable agreement with the 1952 Heisenberg description of the saturation (pre-QCD!) in terms of shockwave collisions of pion field distributions. It provides a direct map between gauge theory physics and the gravitational physics on the IR brane of the Randall–Sundrum model. Saturation occurs through black hole production on the IR brane, which is in QCD production of a nonlinear pion field soliton of a Born–Infeld action in the hadron collision, that decays into free pions.
Keynote: Language Adaptation

As we all know, more and more of life is now manifested online, and many of the digital traces that are left by human activity are increasingly recorded in natural-language format. This availability oers us the opportunity to glean user-modeling information from individual users’ linguistic behaviors. This talk will discuss the particular phenomenon of individual language adaptation, both in the short term and in the longer term. We’ll look at connections between how people adapt their language to particular conversational partners or groups, on the one hand, and on the other hand, those people’s relative power relationships, quality of relationship with the conversational partner, and propensity to remain a part of the group.
Meeting the Organ Donor

You, young man, are assigned as my next patient. The tragic circumstances of your brain death bring us together in this moment. I am in my final year of anesthesia residency training, and yet tonight will be the first time I will provide the anesthesia care for an organ procurement. I open your electronic medical record and an unexpected window pops up: “You are about the enter the medical record of a deceased patient. Are you sure you want to proceed?” My mind balks as it tries to reconcile the contradictions … in the record, you are very much alive. I can see how fast your heart is beating, what your body temperature is, how much you have been urinating. And yet, you are technically dead.
Immunocytochemical characterization of Na+-H+ exchanger isoform NHE-1 in rabbit kidney

We have recently isolated cDNAs encoding a Na(+)-H+ exchanger isoform, referred to as NHE-1, from rabbit kidney and LLC-PK1 cells. To identify the NHE-1 protein and to establish its cellular and su...
Single Cell Cloning of a Stable Mammalian Cell Line

Isolate cell lines with improved stability or expression properties from a parental cell line.
Planning and Dosimetry for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Planning for SBRT is characterized by the need to create high dose gradients from target to critical structures in the vicinity. Since SBRT is a relatively new field, appropriate DVH constraints are still under development in clinical trials and single-center studies.
Current Status of Platelet Transfusion in Pediatric Patients

Outside the neonatal period, most platelets that are transfused to pediatric patients are given to those who are thrombocytopenic secondary to malignancy and associated therapy and/or hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant, or to those with significant bleeding associated with surgery, especially cardiac surgery. Indications for platelet transfusion, doses, and other practices for children largely mimic adult platelet transfusion protocols because there are few pediatric-specific studies in this area. Pediatric platelet transfusion practices would benefit from focused pediatric research. The appropriate indications and doses for platelet transfusions in oncology, hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant, and cardiac surgery patients need to be determined.
The Missouri River: A Formula for Ecosystem Change

Plains riverine ecosystems have evolved through the intervention of very extreme climatic, geologic, and biotic events. The Pleistocene Epoch played a pivotal role in creating the present day Missouri River. Northeasterly flowing Plains streams such as the Musselshell, Yellowstone, and Cheyenne were dammed by the advancing glacial ice, and flows were diverted southeasterly along the glacial front, forming the present day upper Missouri River (Flint 1957). Plains river systems were further affected by the mid-Holocene warm and dry period (6,000 to 4,000 B.P.), and throughout postglacial time by shorter, but periodic, dry and wet periods. Extremely large floods, exceeding those of this century, occurred on the Missouri River in 1844 and 1881, before most Euro-American settlement. The severe drought of the 1930s, in conjunction with the Great Depression, led to economic and social instability in the Great Plains, creating a setting for the New Deal of the Roosevelt Administration.
Overcoming barriers to diabetic polyneuropathy management in primary care

Diabetic polyneuropathy is a highly prevalent and costly complication of diabetes that is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care settings. In this article, we discuss challenges in the management of diabetic polyneuropathy symptoms, including diagnostic complexity, the limited efficacy and high side effect rates associated with available treatments and the time constrained primary care visit. We call for the development of novel patient-centric, system-level strategies that engage patients between physician visits in order to facilitate timely communication of symptoms and treatment response and to promote patient-centered care.
The November revolution

Exactly 30 years ago this month, particle physics was in tumult. In an extraordinary turn of events, two unrelated teams of experimentalists, employing two different pieces of machinery at two dissimilar laboratories on opposite sides of the US, announced the discovery of one and the same particle. The episode incited such upheaval – ushering in what soon became known as the Standard Model of particle physics – that it became known as the "November revolution". But virtually all elements of the Standard Model were already in place by 1974. So how revolutionary was the revolution?
Origins, Orientations and Etiologies of the U.S. Citizen Militia Movement, 1982-1997

This paper is a review of what we know about the origins, orientations and etiologies of U.S. citizen militias that formed between 1982 and 1997. Two phases in the evolution of this movement emerge: Phase One (1982-1991) marks the rise and fall of Christian Patriot militias; Phase Two (1992-1997) is characterized by the appearance of Constitutionalist entities. Precursors to Phase One drew heavily upon the classic republican tradition of an unorganized, armed populace. Philosophically these precursors branched out toward both Christian Identity and Constitutionalism. Phase One groups were influenced by the Identity tract The Turner Diaries and by the survivalist Nehemiah Township Charter and Common Law Contract. Phase Two built upon the Constitutionalism of the precursors and was propelled by Pat Robertson's book, a speech by George Bush, and BATF raids at Ruby Ridge and Waco. At its extreme, militia ideology expresses a paranoid view of how the New World Order is preparing for collectivist control. Sociological explanations of militias emphasize the recruitment to activism, how enemies are socially constructed, the paramilitary culture of the postwar U.S., and the role of structural strain. The paper concludes with an exploration of the concepts of hate crime and domestic terrorism as each relates to the U.S. militia phenomenon.
A balancing act: Benefits and concerns of a tough-love approach to coaching inner-city females

Most research in sport-based positive youth development (PYD) has been conducted with middle-upper SES, suburban, White populations. This literature typically promotes autonomy-building, authoritative coaching styles (Gould & Carson, 2008). However, child development research provides robust support for authoritarian styles in under-served communities (Hartman & Manfra, 2015; McLoyd et al., 2007). While sport-based PYD research in underserved settings is scarce, the existing literature appears to support the use of authoritarian leadership (Cowan et al., 2012; Flett et al., 2013). The purpose of this study was to address limitations in the aforementioned studies and extend our understanding of effective coaching for underserved African-American youth. Participants included one head coach with over 30-years experience, and 10 female high-school basketball players. The study incorporated: Ethnographic field-notes of 34 events (M = 7hrs/event); and interviews with the coach, players, and a second coach-interview. Thematic categories were developed from both sources of data (Miles et al., 2014). The coach used both authoritarian and authoritative approaches, and players felt that each approach had positive and negative aspects. Negative findings included that the girls didn't like the strictness at times, thought the coach sometimes overstepped boundaries, and felt that the coach showed favoritism by being too soft to some players. Positive findings included that the girls were learning life skills from the coach, saw the value of authoritarian coaching, and wanted to be on the team because of the coach's reputation for being tough. The players felt that it was also their responsibility to bring the team together. Implications for coaching education will be discussed.Acknowledgments: Aaron Goodson and Dr. Sharon Hayes for their assistance with the methods and analysis
Patient access to electronic psychiatric records: A pilot study

Abstract Background OpenNotes, a national movement offering patients access to their doctor׳s notes, lies at the intersection of health policy and health technology. Despite interest in OpenNotes, little is known about how such may be implemented in psychiatry departments using electronic medical records. This study reports on the first pilot project to examine the experience of patients and clinicians when open access to psychiatric records was provided within an ongoing treatment relationship. Methods Fifteen clinicians in an outpatient psychiatry clinic in a Boston medical center agreed to participate in the study and 52 of their patients to participate. Those patients had the opportunity to read their progress notes through a patient site linked to an electronic medical record. Patients and clinicians were surveyed 20 months later. Results Results from this select group suggest that open access to notes was perceived as helpful to patients and did not negatively impact the patients or the treatment relationship. In addition, our experience was that mental health clinicians could be engaged in the process of OpenNotes. Conclusion This is the first study to implement and assess the impact of patients’ access to psychiatric records in an outpatient setting. Although many questions remain to be studied and a more diverse sample is needed for future research, the potential impact to enhance mental health treatment and the patient-clinician relationship is suggested for selected psychiatric patients. Policy around providing psychiatry patients access to their notes can be informed by reactions of both clinicians and patients.
Thermal autecology describes the occurrence patterns of four benthic diatoms in McMurdo Dry Valley streams

Benthic microbial mats in the glacial-fed meltwater streams are hotspots of productivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica. Benthic diatoms are common in these mats and the >45 primarily endemic taxa represent the most diverse group of eukaryotes in the MDV. In this harsh polar desert, streams are thermally dynamic with daily water temperatures varying 6–9 °C and daily maximum temperatures as high as 15 °C. Stream temperature may play a role in determining growth rates and survival strategies. To understand taxon-specific adaptations to their environment, we measured the growth rates of unialgal cultures of four diatom taxa (Psammothidium papilio, Hantzschia abundans, Hantzschia amphioxys, and Hantzschia amphioxys f. muelleri) under three temperature conditions (7.6, 10, and 15 °C) that were representative of maximum daily stream temperatures. We found that P. papilio exhibited a constant growth rate across the full temperature range; this species is most common in streams that begin to flow early in the summer and with less variable thermal regimes. Growth rates for H. abundans were greatest at 15 °C, but showed a non-linear relationship with temperature. H. amphioxys f. muelleri grew faster than the other taxa studied and thrived at 10 °C. Hantzschia amphioxys grew only at the two lower temperatures. These results aligned with the observed relationships between each taxon’s relative abundance and stream temperatures in the long-term record maintained by the MDV Long-Term Ecological Research program. Overall, our observations suggest that differences in thermal optima may be one factor contributing to and maintaining the diversity of benthic diatom flora in the MDV.
Editorial Comment: Step-by-step Laparoscopic Vesiculectomy for Hemospermia

In this video Mello et al. (1), the authors highlight the clinical merit of step-step laproscopic vesiculectomy for hemospermia. The authors adopt a robotic minimally invasive surgery to the realm of seminal vesiculectomy, which was first highlighted by Kavoussi et al. in 1993 (2). It depicts an easy step-by step approach and nicely demonstrates how to mange the vascular pedicle. The present video highlights that that this be accomplished to address an underlying clinical manifestation requiring surgical resection. In their series Mello et al. (1) pathological analysis showed amyloidosis, and transitional epithelium without atypia. With the advantage of combined 3D vision and wristed instrumentation, robotic excision of the seminal vesicles is feasible, safe and regarded as a natural continuity of conventional laparoscopy.
Evaluating the Consistency of Scales Used in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment of College-Aged Adults

Objective: Neurocognitive evaluations are commonly integrated with clinical assessment to evaluate adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Study goal is to identify measures most str...
Invited Article: Channel performance for indoor and outdoor terahertz wireless links

One of the most exciting future applications of terahertz technology is in the area of wireless communications. As 5G systems incorporating a standard for millimeter-wave wireless links approach commercial roll-out, it is becoming clear that even this new infrastructure will not be sufficient to keep pace with the rapidly increasing global demand for bandwidth. One favorable solution that is attracting increasing attention for subsequent generations of wireless technology is to use higher frequencies, above 100 GHz. The implementation of such links will require significant advances in hardware, algorithms, and architecture. Although numerous research groups are exploring aspects of this challenging problem, many basic questions remain unaddressed. Here, we present an experimental effort to characterize THz wireless links in both indoor and outdoor environments. We report measurements at 100, 200, 300, and 400 GHz, using a link with a data rate of 1 Gbit/s. We demonstrate both line-of-sight and non-line-of...
Association Between Autologous Stem Cell Transplant and Survival Among Californians With Multiple Myeloma.

Author(s): Rosenberg, Aaron S; Brunson, Ann; Jonas, Brian A; Keegan, Theresa HM; Wun, Ted | Abstract: Background:Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT) is an efficacious treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. However, as rapid advances have resulted in other highly efficacious and less intensive therapies, the role of aHSCT has been questioned. Methods:We utilized population-based data to identify 13 494 newly diagnosed patients younger than age 80 years between 1998 and 2012. Patient characteristics of aHSCT and non-aHSCT groups were balanced using inverse probability weighting of a propensity score predicting aHSCT use. Multivariable models adjusted for baseline comorbidities, demographics, and socioeconomic status estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death. Results:Twenty point eight percent (2807) of patients underwent aHSCT, and this rate increased over time from 15.4% in 1998-2002 to 23.9% in 2008-2012. aHSCT was utilized among 37.6% and 11.5% of patients younger than age 60 years and 60 to 79 years, respectively. The median time to aHSCT was 9.4 months, and 89% of all aHSCTs occurred within two years of diagnosis. The median overall survival from time of aHSCT was 72.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 68 to 78). Autologous HSCT at any time was associated with improved survival (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.92). Among aHSCT recipients, transplant more than 12 months after diagnosis (vs ≤12 months) was associated with worse survival (aHR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.51). The positive effect of aHSCT on overall survival was similar across study time periods and age groups. Conclusion:In the era of highly efficacious induction therapies, aHSCT remained infrequently used but continued to be associated with improved survival for multiple myeloma patients and should be considered for newly diagnosed patients.
A Social Work Perspective on Police Violence: Evidence and Interventions

In August 2014, Michael Brown, a Ferguson, Missouri, teenager, was shot and killed by a local police officer. His body was left in the street for several hours in the sweltering sun, leaving his co...
Meat goat production and marketing

Production opportunities, management strategies, and marketing options for meat goats in the United States are reviewed in this manuscript. The basis for any expansion must be goat production systems that are biologically and economically sustainable, meeting both producer and consumer needs. Meat goats historically have been kept for brush control. Their use to control noxious plants and in vegetation management will continue to be their primary role in the future. Meat goats are rarely the primary animal production enterprise in the United States, but they are becoming increasingly important contributors to the income of many producers. Meat goat marketing is highly unstructured in the United States, yet prices are generally higher on a per unit of weight basis than other red meat-producing species. Efforts to organize marketing have had only limited success. Over 90% of the world's goats are in developing countries. Goats are increasingly important in these countries as subsistence food producers. Production systems range from goats being a part of nomadic multispecies herds on arid desert rangelands, in agropastoral production systems, to goats being the primary animal enterprise in smallholder farming systems.
Shallow Sands of North Slope, Alaska and Their Hydrocarbon Potentials

Extensive shallow sand deposits on North Slope Alaska contain about 35 billion barrels of oil in place. These Cretaceous and Tertiary sands are divided into two distinct units; the upper unit is termed as Ugnu sands and the lower unit is known as West Sak sands.
Accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight in suspected macrosomia: the likelihood of overestimating and underestimating the true birthweight.

Objective: Macrosomia has increased risk of serious adverse outcomes for both infants and their mothers. As such, many providers recommend induction of labor or cesarean delivery (CD) based on sono...
Cluster Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomic Experiments

Untargeted metabolite profiling based upon LC-MS methodology can be used to identify unique metabolic phenotypes associated with stress, disease or environmental exposure of cells using mathematical clustering. Here, we show how unsupervised data analysis is a powerful tool for both quality control and answering simple biological questions. We will demonstrate how to format untargeted mass spectrometry data for import into R, a programming language and software environment for statistical computing (R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing, reference index version 2.15. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2012). Using R, we transform untargeted metabolite data using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to create visual representations of change between biological samples and explore how these can be used predictively, in determining environmental stress, health and metabolic insight.
Making Sustainability Personal: An Experiential Semester-Long Project to Enhance Students’ Understanding of Sustainability:

Students often naively assume that pursuing sustainability is necessarily costly and difficult. However, proponents of “weak” or “business-centered” sustainability argue that well-crafted sustainab...
Identifying subtypes of Hypersomnolence Disorder: a clustering analysis.

Abstract Background Patient heterogeneity is problematic for the accurate assessment and effective treatment of Hypersomnolence Disorder. Clustering analysis is a preferred approach for establishing homogenous subclassifications. Thus, this investigation aimed to identify more homogeneous subclassifications of Hypersomnolence Disorder through clustering analysis. Methods Patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) assessment for hypersomnolence were recruited as part of a larger investigation. A sample of patients with Hypersomnolence Disorder was determined based on a post hoc chart review protocol. After removing persons with missing data, 62 participants were included in the analyses. Self-report total sleep time, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, and Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ) score were chosen as clustering variables to mirror Hypersomnolence Disorder diagnostic traits. A statistically-driven clustering process produced two clusters using Ward's D hierarchical approach. Clusters were compared across characteristics, self-report measures, PSG/MSLT results, and additional objective measures. Results The resulting clusters differed across a variety of hypersomnolence-related subjective metrics and objective measurements. A more severe hypersomnolence phenotype was identified in a cluster that also had elevated depressive symptoms. This cluster endorsed significantly greater daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, and functional impairment, while displaying longer sleep duration and worse vigilance. Conclusions These results provide growing support for a nosological reformulation of hypersomnolence associated with psychiatric disorders. Future research is necessary to solidify the conceptualization and characterization of unexplained hypersomnolence presenting with-and-without psychiatric illness.
Network-based clustering for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer cell lines

Abstract The study of large-scale pharmacogenomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to develop computational models that can accurately predict large cohorts of cell lines and drugs. In this work, we present a novel method for predicting drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines which considers both cell line genomic features and drug chemical features. Our network-based approach combines the theory of optimal mass transport (OMT) with machine learning techniques. It starts with unsupervised clustering of both cell line and drug data, followed by the prediction of drug sensitivity in the paired cluster of cell lines and drugs. We show that prior clustering of the heterogenous cell lines and structurally diverse drugs significantly improves the accuracy of the prediction. In addition, it facilities the interpretability of the results and identification of molecular biomarkers which are significant for both clustering of the cell lines and predicting the drug response.