cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rubber aging in tires. Part 2: Accelerated oven aging tests

Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of wedge and skim rubber from tires aged at different oven temperatures with various fill gases have been measured for 5 different tires and compared to field results. We demonstrate that oven aging tires mounted on wheels and inflated to the maximum sidewall pressure closely reproduce the aging behavior measured for tires collected after customer use. Temperatures as high as 70 °C can be used to accelerate aging. Use of 50/50 blend of N2/O2 as a fill gas accelerates the oxidative aging by 30–40% relative to air. By combining elevated temperatures with oxygen enriched fill gas, it is possible to oven age tires to an age equivalent to 6 years in Phoenix in 8 weeks or less.
Knowledge and misconceptions regarding upper respiratory infections and influenza among urban Hispanic households: need for targeted messaging.

Background To characterize knowledge and misconceptions regarding viral upper respiratory infections (URI) among urban Hispanics and identify correlates of greater knowledge. Methods In-home interviews conducted by trained research coordinators in 453 primarily Hispanic households (2,386 members) in northern Manhattan. Results The majority of respondents attributed URI to weather-related conditions. While most agreed that colds and flu were caused by viruses, 88.1% also agreed that they were caused by bacteria, and a small proportion reported that URI may be caused by evil eye (‘mal de ojo’, 7.1%) or sudden fright (‘susto’, 3.3%). Only 29.8% agreed that colds and flu would improve without medication; 89.9% stated that antibiotics are needed to treat viral throat infections. Most were well versed about influenza vaccination and reported that a recommendation from a healthcare provider would definitely influence them to get vaccinated. Discussion Misconceptions about the role of antibiotics in the treatment of viral infections pose considerable risk in this population. Explicit, targeted recommendations from healthcare providers regarding vaccination and judicious antibiotic use as well as media campaigns targeted to Hispanics should be effective strategies for reducing misconceptions and improving health behaviors.
Time dependence of pressure in a bubbler tube

An experimental and theoretical study is presented of the time dependence of air pressure in a bubbler tube used to measure the liquid level in a tank. The observed time dependence of the air pressure is a superposition of two components. The first component is a repeated slow rise and sudden fall in the air pressure that is associated with bubble growth and breakoff. It is the sudden breakoff that generates the second component consisting of damped oscillations associated with sound waves in the air interacting with an oscillating flow of the liquid. The air pressure during bubble growth is described theoretically. This result is combined with the gas law to predict the functional form of the slow pressure rise; this prediction agrees with experiment. An equation for the oscillation frequencies is derived, solved, and compared with experiment; agreement is within the measurement accuracy of 5%.
Modeling equity of risk in the transportation of hazardous materials

In this paper, we develop and analyze a model to generate an equitable set of routes for hazardous material shipments. The objective is to determine a set of routes that will minimize the total risk of travel and spread the risk equitably among the zones of the geographical region in which the transportation network is embedded, when several trips are necessary from origin to destination. An integer programming formulation for the problem is proposed. We develop and test a heuristic that repeatedly solves single-trip problems: a Lagrangian dual approach with a gap-closing procedure is used to optimally solve single-trip problems. We report a sampling of our computational experience, based on a real-life routing scenario in the Albany district of New York State. Our findings indicate that one can achieve a high degree of equity by modestly increasing the total risk and by embarking on different routes to evenly spread the risk among the zones. Furthermore, it appears that our heuristic procedure is excellent in terms of computational requirements as well as solution quality. We also suggest some directions for future research.
Solid-state foaming of polycaprolactone (PCL)

Polycaprolacton (PCL) is a synthetic biodegradable polymer that is widely used in tissue engineering related studies. It is a semi-crystalline polymer, and has a glass transition temperature (Tg ) of −60°C and a melting temperature of 60°C. In this paper, we report on the progress in creating porous PCL foams using the solid-state foaming process. The objective of this study is to examine the foam-ability of PCL using room temperature saturation. PCL specimens were made using compression molding. A “quenching” process was introduced to manipulate the crystallinity of PCL samples. CO2 was used for gas saturation. The effects of saturation pressure and foaming temperature were studied. The created microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preliminary results have shown that microstructures with pores on the scale of hundreds of nanometers were generated.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
HIT and run: heparin's unusual immune response

In this issue of Blood , Potschke et al investigate the cellular underpinnings of the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) immune response.[1][1] The immune response to heparin is peculiar. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and its derivatives, the low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), are essential
NEFCIS: Neuro-fuzzy Concept Based Inference System for Specification Mining

In a component based engineering approach, a system can be envisioned as an assembly of reusable and independently developed components. In order to produce automated tools to support the selection and assembly of components, precise selection and retrieval strategies based on product specifications are needed. Conventional approaches use keyword based models for automatically retrieving specification documents that match a set of requirements. These approaches typically fail to mine relationships and spotlight excessively on injective matching. In this paper, we propose a Neuro-fuzzy Concept based Inference System (NEFCIS) which is a novel hybrid expert system approach targeted to extract concepts and retrieve relevant information using the excerpted concepts rather than only keywords. By infusing fuzzy logic into our model, we can process the queries with greater precision and produce deeper knowledge inferences. We describe the basic principles of the proposed methodology and illustrate it with example scenarios.
A Possible Fourier Transform Laser Spectrometer for Tunable Lidar and Laboratory Spectroscopy

One of the suggested uses of tunable lasers has been lidar measurements of remote absorption in the atmosphere, by sending out a laser beam and observing the atmospheric backscatter from it with a receiver. By tuning the laser over an absorption line, the variation in signal due to atmospheric absorption by an atmospheric constituent can be determined.
Effects of gossypol on reproductive and endocrine functions of male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Adult male cynomolgus monkeys were treated orally with 5 (n=4) or 10 (n=3) mg per kg per day of gossypol acetic acid (gossypol) for 6 months. A significant decrease in sperm concentration and motility,determined by evaluating semen ejaculates,was observed without any significant decrease in circulatinglevelsof testosterone (T) among 10 mg per kg per day gossypol-treated animals. Similarly, there was no significant difference in plasma T levels after an intravenous bolus injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRI-l) (50 �sg/animal) between control and gossypol-treated animals, further suggesting an adequate release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and normal Leydig cell function. Transient azoospermia was observed in 1 out of 4 and in 2 out of 3 animals after 4 months of gossypol treatment at 5 and 10 mg per kg per day, respectively. The effects of gossypol (10 mg per kg per day) were more dramatic and consistent on sperm motility. No striking abnormality of spermatozoa was observed by light microscopy, although there was an increase in the number of sperm with coiled or broken tail pieces and an occasional detached head and tail. However, at the ultrastructural level disruption of the axial complex was commonly observed with gossypol treatment. The effect was manifested at 5 mg per kg per day as a disruption of radial arms. At 10 mg per kg per day the entire axial complex was frequently destroyed, suggesting an impairment of sperm motility. No serious clinicopathologic side effects were observed except temporary diarrhea and anorexia among 10 mg per kg per day gossypoltreated animals during the initial stages of treatment. In addition, gossypol had a hypolipidemic effect which is a new significant entity for this compound. In conclusion, it is suggested that gossypol may be interfering with spermatogenesis and/or directly acting on the sperm itself within the testis or during its passage through the male reproductive tract in ways thataffectboth sperm production and sperm motility.
Gas-bubble disease in the brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)

Abstract Gas-bubble disease in larval and juvenile brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) is described. Stage II protozoeal, larval brown shrimp developed the disease after being placed in water warmed in a closed heater that did not allow excess gas to escape. Juvenile brown shrimp developed gas-bubble disease after being held in a pressure tank for 35 h. The pressure in the tank had been maintained at 2 585 mm Hg with compressed air. The implications of the finding that shrimp are susceptible to gas-bubble disease are discussed in relation to shrimp culture activities, particularly those that use heated water.
Semiotic diversity in utterance production and the concept of ‘language’

Sign language descriptions that use an analytic model borrowed from spoken language structural linguistics have proved to be not fully appropriate. Pictorial and action-like modes of expression are integral to how signed utterances are constructed and to how they work. However, observation shows that speakers likewise use kinesic and vocal expressions that are not accommodated by spoken language structural linguistic models, including pictorial and action-like modes of expression. These, also, are integral to how speaker utterances in face-to-face interaction are constructed and to how they work. Accordingly, the object of linguistic inquiry should be revised, so that it comprises not only an account of the formal abstract systems that utterances make use of, but also an account of how the semiotically diverse resources that all languaging individuals use are organized in relation to one another. Both language as an abstract system and languaging should be the concern of linguistics.
The Philosophical Links Between Leadership And Total Quality

The corporate world and some elements of the public sector are beginning to visualize a new world order. That new order is often called Total Quality Management or TQM. Scholars and practitioners in Total Quality have focused on leadership as a key element of that new order, yet little progress has been made to develop concepts of leadership that are consistent with the new understanding of organizations and the new set of their expectations. A community based paradigm of leadership is explored and developed as a new conceptual direction for application to Total Quality concepts and for incorporation into leadership studies.
Modeling large-scale instabilities in the Kuroshio extension

Abstract Large-scale instabilities of mid-latitude jets (with continuous horizontal and vertical shear) are studied using a long wave approximation, which is valid for disturbances of length scales greater than the internal Rossby radius of deformation. These large-scale instabilities are abundant in the Kuroshio Extension according to observations. Results show westward propagation if the total transport is westward (although the jet near surface is eastward). Large-scale instabilities gain energy from the release of available potential energy, but lose part of the gain to the mean flow by reinforcing the eastward jet near surface. The Reynolds stress tends to be positive north of the jet and negative south of the jet through all depths, which is consistent with observations.
Durable Therapeutic Efficacy Utilizing Combinatorial Blockade against IDO, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 in Mice with Brain Tumors

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma in adults. Although protected by both the blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers, GBMs are actively infiltrated by T cells. Previous work has shown that IDO, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 are dominant molecular participants in the suppression of GBM immunity. This includes IDO-mediated regulatory T-cell (Treg; CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + ) accumulation, the interaction of T-cell–expressed, CTLA-4, with dendritic cell-expressed, CD80, as well as the interaction of tumor- and/or macrophage-expressed, PD-L1, with T-cell–expressed, PD-1. The individual inhibition of each pathway has been shown to increase survival in the context of experimental GBM. However, the impact of simultaneously targeting all three pathways in brain tumors has been left unanswered. Experimental Design and Results: In this report, we demonstrate that, when dually challenged, IDO-deficient tumors provide a selectively competitive survival advantage against IDO-competent tumors. Next, we provide novel observations regarding tryptophan catabolic enzyme expression, before showing that the therapeutic inhibition of IDO, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 in a mouse model of well-established glioma maximally decreases tumor-infiltrating Tregs, coincident with a significant increase in T-cell–mediated long-term survival. In fact, 100% of mice bearing intracranial tumors were long-term survivors following triple combination therapy. The expression and/or frequency of T cell expressed CD44, CTLA-4, PD-1, and IFN-γ depended on timing after immunotherapeutic administration. Conclusions: Collectively, these data provide strong preclinical evidence that combinatorially targeting immunosuppression in malignant glioma is a strategy that has high potential value for future clinical trials in patients with GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5290–301. ©2014 AACR .
Preparation, Assay, and Preliminary Characterization of Bovine Gastrin

Summary A gastrin-like gastric secretory stimulant was isolated by an alkaline extraction method from pyloric and fundic mucosae of the bovine abomasum. Secretory activity was measured after subcutaneous injection into Gregory and Heidenhain pouch dogs. The injected material was shown not to be histamine. The reaction to bovine gastrin is usually delayed for 60 to 90 min., in contrast with porcine gastrin, which reacts within 30 min., and with histamine, which reacts in even less time. The most active fractions of bovine gastrin were obtained by isoelectric precipitation at pH 3.0–4.0, in contrast with porcine gastrin, which has highest activity in the fraction precipitated at pH 5.0–5.5. The response to bovine gastrin, as is the case with the porcine material, persists for from 2 to 4 hr., contrasting with the speedy decline after response to histamine. In preliminary purification, we found a nondialyzable fraction, perhaps conjugated with or tenaciously held by a larger molecule, and a dialyzable fraction. Partial purification by ion-exchange has been effected. Preliminary chemical analysis shows that crude bovine gastrin is very similar to crude porcine gastrin in IR and UV spectra and phosphorus content.
A note on quasi-geostrophic flow over topography in bounded basin

We consider the flow of rapidly rotating fluid over topography in a circular basin. The equations of motion (here the inviscid quasi-geostrophic vorticity equations) can be integrated exactly for certain zonally averaged currents. The assumption of the existence of a specified zonal current is equivalent to the assumption of no upstream influence in the unbounded case. It is unlikely that such solutions can be realized in experiments with real fluids for the presence of viscosity, however small, causes ‘zonal influence’ independent of the magnitude of the viscosity at times larger than the spin-up time. For times smaller than the spin-up time decaying transients can cause zonal influence which increases in magnitude with decreasing viscosity.
Coding theory and discrete transforms

The paper studies linear block codes and syndrome functions built by the greedy loop transversal algorithm. The syndrome functions in the binary white-noise case are generalizations of the logarithm, with curious fractal properties. The codes in the binary white-noise case coincide with lexicodes: their dimensions are listed for channel lengths up to the sixties, and up to the three hundreds for double errors. In the ternary double-error case, record-breaking codes of lengths 43 to 68 are constructed. ^Graduate students and Professor, respectively. Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University.
A Numerical Analysis of Growing Water Droplet inside an Air Supply Channel of a PEM Fuel Cell

The present study is performed to analyze the growth and departure of a water droplet inside a minichannel with air flowing through it. The minichannel is of 1 mm square cross section with a water droplet growing at the top wall and air coming in through the channel inlet. This is a typical situation encountered in the gas flow passages of a PEM fuel cell. The excess water generated in the membrane due to the fuel cell reaction diffuses through the gas diffusion media and enters the gas supply minichannel passages where it gets entrained in the flow. The excess water needs to be removed quickly to prevent flooding of the membrane and gas flow passages which stops the fuel cell operation. The complete Navier-Stokes equations along with continuity equation are solved using the SIMPLER method. The liquid vapor interface is captured using the level set technique. The droplet grows due to flow of water at its base and at the same time is dragged due to the air flowing over it. The droplet growth and its departure are studied for different values water flow rate, incoming air flow rate and contact angle. The droplet departure is found to be hindered by excessive water flow rate and increase in surface wettability.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Networking intelligent components to create intelligent spacecraft

Spacecraft utilize complex digital electronic controls to perform their missions. Although these systems have benefited from the availability of ever-faster computers and miniaturized electronics, overall control system architectures have changed little, utilizing a shared, centralized computer programmed to service many subsystems. These centralized systems perform well, but are a challenge to design and integrate, requiring complex custom software, custom I/O electronics and extensive vehicle wiring. The availability of microprocessors, memories and serial data terminals small and rugged enough to be embedded directly into subsystem mechanical components has opened the door to revolutionary new distributed architectures. These so-called "smart" or intelligent components can be interconnected into a network to form a distributed architecture. This paper discusses work done to define these distributed architectures and to construct prototype components. Important issues addressed include the physical network required to distribute data and power to components, highly reliable, fault-tolerant operation, the importance of industry standards and a discussion of packaging and installation considerations.
Faster and more accurate face detection on mobile robots using geometric constraints

We develop a framework to allow generic object detection algorithms to exploit geometric information commonly available to robot vision systems. Robot systems take pictures with calibrated cameras from known positions and may simultaneously capture depth measurements in the scene. This allows known constraints on the 3D size and position of objects to be translated into constraints on potential locations and scales of objects in the image, eliminating potentially expensive image operations for geometrically infeasible object locations. We show this integration to be very natural in the context of face detection and find that the computational effort of the standard Viola Jones face detector (as implemented in OpenCV) can be reduced by 85 percent with three times fewer false positives.
Quantum convolutional codes: Practical syndrome decoder

Quantum convolutional codes are predicted by many to offer higher error correction performance than quantum block codes of equivalent encoding complexity. However, to decode a quantum convolutional code is challenging, because the decoder does not have a measurement of the received codeword (due to the quantum mechanic rule “measurement destroys quantum states”), but only a measurement of the syndrome. Although quantum Viterbi decoding (QVD) has been proposed, its high complexity makes it rather difficult to implement or simulate. Exploiting useful ideas from classical coding theory, this paper develops a practical quantum syndrome decoder (QSD) by introducing two innovations that drastically reduce the decoding complexity compared to the existing QVD. The new decoder uses an efficient linear-circuits-based mechanism to map a syndrome to a candidate vector, obviating the need of a cumbersome lookup table. It is also cleverly engineered such that only one run of the Viterbi algorithm suffices to locate the most-likely error pattern, rather than have to run many rounds as in the previous QVD algorithm. The efficiency of the new decoder allows us to simulate and present the first performance curve of a general quantum convolutional code.
THE USE OF INDWELLING RADIAL ARTERY NEEDLES IN PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA

SUMMARY A simple and effective method of obtaining arterial blood and monitoring arterial pressure during paediatric surgery is described. No complications were noted in 600 consecutive patients.
Identification of Tropoelastin as a Ligand for the 65-kD FK506-binding Protein, FKBP65, in the Secretory Pathway

The folding and trafficking of tropoelastin is thought to be mediated by intracellular chaperones, although the identity and role of any tropoelastin chaperone remain to be determined. To identify proteins that are associated with tropoelastin intracellularly, bifunctional chemical cross-linkers were used to covalently stabilize interactions between tropoelastin and associated proteins in the secretory pathway in intact fetal bovine auricular chondrocytes. Immunoprecipitation of tropoelastin from cell lysates after cross-linking and analysis by SDS-PAGE showed the presence of two proteins of approximately 74 kD (p74) and 78 kD (p78) that coimmunoprecipitated with tropoelastin. Microsequencing of peptide fragments from a cyanogen bromide digest of p78 identified this protein as BiP and sequence analysis identified p74 as the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, FKPB65. The appearance of BiP and FKBP65 in the immunoprecipitations could be enhanced by the addition of brefeldin A (BFA) and N-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal (ALLN) to the culture medium for the final 4 h of labeling. Tropoelastin accumulates in the fused ER/Golgi compartment in the presence of BFA if its degradation is inhibited by ALLN (Davis, E.C., and R.P. Mecham. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:3787-3794). The use of BFA and other secretion-disrupting agents suggests that the association of tropoelastin with FKBP65 occurs in the ER. Results from this study provide the first identification of a ligand for an FKBP in the secretory pathway and suggest that the prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of FKBP65 may be important for the proper folding of the proline-rich tropoelastin molecule before secretion.
Distributed Active Decoupling Capacitors for On-Chip Supply Noise Cancellation in Digital VLSI Circuits

A distributed active decoupling capacitor (decap) circuit is proposed to suppress the on-chip power supply noise in digital VLSI circuits. Effectiveness on suppressing local supply noise is verified from a 0.18mum test chip using multiple on-chip supply noise generators and supply noise sensors. Measurements show 4-11times boost in decap value over conventional passive decaps for frequencies up to 1 Hz. Decap area reduction of 40% is achieved
Immune alterations in untreated and treated multiple myeloma

The incidence of second malignancies was shown to be increased in patients with multiple myeloma. Although a shared genetic predisposition or common environmental carcinogens may account for the occurrence of both myeloma and additional cancers, multiple immune defects encountered in myeloma might play an important role in this regard. This review explores the impairments in both cellular and humoral mediated immunity in multiple myeloma, linking them with increased susceptibility to infections and additional cancers. In addition, the recent therapeutic advances transformed myeloma into a chronic entity, with multiple relapses and salvage therapies, which may result in cumulative immunosuppression. Although recent reports have suggested an increased rate of second cancers in myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide, the true impact of this agent and other novel anti-myeloma therapies on the incidence of additional malignancies remains to be clarified.
Multivariate Normal Data: A Tool for Instruction

Courses in statistics and experimental design can be enhanced through use of crafted data sets. The use of examples highlights the interface between data and statistical routine. FORTRAN programs utilizing the international Mathematical and Statistical Library subroutines permit the user to control the variance-covariance structure of multivariate normal variables and build data sets that have instructional vdue. Scale transformations and Monte Carlo simulations of the data can be performed as well.
A biomechanical evaluation of mandibular angle fracture plating techniques.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a vast array of fixation philosophies and techniques that address mandibular angle fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 polyurethane synthetic mandible replicas (Synbone, Laudquart, Switzerland,) were used in this investigation. Five controls and 5 each of 14 different fixation philosophies and techniques were subjected to vertical loading at the incisal edge and then repeated for contralateral loading in the molar region by an Instron 1331 (Instron, Canton, MA) servohydraulic mechanical testing unit. The fixation philosophies and techniques evaluated were the lag screw technique, monocortical superior border plating techniques with varying sizes of plates and screws, monocortical 2-plate techniques with varying forms of fixation, monocortical tension band systems with associated bicortical stabilization plates of various types, and various forms of reconstruction plates. Load/displacement data within a 0 to 200 N range were recorded. Yield load, yield displacement, and stiffness were determined. Mean and standard deviations were calculated, and statistically significant differences within and among categories were determined using an analysis of variance (P <.05). Second-order polynomial best-fit curves were also created for each group to further evaluate and compare the mechanical behavior. Results: For incisal edge loading, statistically significant differences (P <.05) were found for stiffness between some of the monocortical superior border fixation techniques, as well as for yield displacement between several forms of monocortical 2-plate fixation techniques. No other differences were found within categories or among the groups that best represented their categories. For contralateral molar loading, statistically significant differences existed within and among categories. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this experiment, all systems met or exceeded currently identified postoperative functional requirements for incisal edge loading, but failed to meet them for contralateral molar loading. © 2001 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Encountering (cultural) nationalism, Islam and gender in the body politic of India

In this article, I analyse how the ideology of Hindutva has been manipulated by the contemporary Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government of India to locate an internal enemy along religious lines to support its nationalist agenda, with subsequent implications for gender. Following a brief introduction to the literature of nationalism, with special reference to nationalism as an ‘invented tradition’ and the role of ‘ideology as doxa’, I situate the case of post‐colonial Indian nationalism whereby I highlight how a complexity of ‘social imaginaries’ and ‘identities’ have been used by the post‐colonial Indian state leaders as constituting the ‘mental state’ of India. I contrast the conceptions of a political/territorial nationalism as evidenced under the Congress with that of the emerging Hindu/cultural nationalism under the contemporary BJP and highlight how the BJP, like the colonialists but with subtle differences, has sought to replay the re‐construction of Islam/Indian Muslims as Others to the supposedl...
On the Systems Engineering and Management of Systems of Systems and Federations of Systems

This paper is concerned with the engineering of systems that are themselves comprised of other component systems, and where each of the component systems serves organizational and human purposes.i¾ i¾ These component purposes may be locally managed and optimized independently, or nearly so, of the objectives to be met by the composite system.i¾ i¾ There are a number of inherent characteristics of these systems, and such related terms as systems of systems (SOS) or federations of systems (FOS) or federated systems of systems (F-SOS) are often used to characterize them.i¾ i¾ It is asserted that the resultant systems generally possess the characteristics of complex adaptive systems.i¾ i¾ We provide an overview of the literature describing these engineering efforts and provide plausible strategies for systems engineering and management of SOS and FOS that are based on the principles of a 'new federalism'.i¾ i¾ Finally, the implications of these plausible SOS and FOS systems engineering and management concepts are discussed with emphasis on evolutionary acquisition in the style of DoD and Intelligence Community related programs.
Volume and price relationships: Hypotheses and testing for agricultural futures

The relationship between trading volume and price variability has been examined extensively. The theoretical motivation of earlier studies such as Ying (1966), Crouch (1970), Clark (1973), Copeland (1976), Epps and Epps (1976), Westerfield (1977), Rogalski (1978), and Upton and Shannon (1979) was the demand and supply model of microeconomic theory. Some authors have investigated the price‐volume relationship with the use of data from futures markets; these include Cornell (1981), Tauchen and Pitts (1983), Rutledge (1984), Grammatikos and Saunders (1986), Garcia, Leuthold, and Zapata (1986), and Bhar and Malliaris (1996). Other researchers have studied the determinants of volume with the use of macroeconomic and financial variables other than price variWe are thankful for useful comments to David B. Mirza, Bruce D. Phelps, and Stanley Pliska. The article has also benefited from the comments and suggestions of three anonymous referees, Professor Hector Zapata and the Editor, Mark Powers. Earlier versions of the article were presented at the Futures and Options Seminar at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and at the annual meetings of the Financial Management Association, and the Midwest Finance Association. We are grateful to our research assistant Raffaella Cremonesi, and especially to Caglar Alkan for extensive computer work.
Characterization and Prognosis of Multirotor Failures

Multirotor (MR) unmanned aviation systems are becoming more prevalent in the commercial, philanthropic, and military communities. Because of these public environment applications, hardware malfunctions pose serious safety concerns. Propeller, motor, and structural damage can cause substantial failure of the MR vehicle and endanger surrounding people and structures; thus, early identification and prognosis of these failure modes is necessary to mitigate harm. An embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) system is optimal for identification and diagnosis of these failure modes in time to alter or abort the mission. To achieve autonomous SHM, statistical data must be accrued from a series of sensor measurements. This information is utilized in the development of appropriate damage metrics for failure modes of interest, which determine the real-time state of hardware elements. A comprehensive sensor network was successfully designed and implemented on an MR vehicle to determine which instruments provide valuable information. Utilizing this relevant data, a compatible set of tools was developed for signal processing, and the resulting SHM system is capable of classifying propeller, motor, and structural hardware failures.
Agricultural Biosecurity Communications and Outreach

Communications and public outreach is an essential role of a National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) in effectively ensuring agricultural biosecurity. The NPPOs of Australia, New Zealand, and USA are bound to a commitment of transparency with their constituency. This commitment extends to communicating with each other and NPPOs of their trading partners.
Regional physiological adaptation of the central nervous system deiodinases to iodine deficiency.

The goal of the present investigation was to analyze the types 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) iodothyronine deiodinases in various structures within the central nervous system (CNS) in response to iodine defici...
Bioimmunoassay of Aryl Hydrocarbon (Ah) Receptor Transformation in Vitro by 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin(TCDD)

An assay is described that detects 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) indirectly by quantitating transformation of guinea pig aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor in vitro. Transformed Ah receptor is isolated on an affinity column and measured by dot-blot immunoassay. Antisera were developed against the highly conserved amino-terminal region of mammalian Ah receptor and affinity-purified. Hepatic cytosol from guinea pigs was treated with TCDD. Treatment resulted in the transformation of the Ah receptor to the DNA binding form. Affinity chromatography of the treated cytosol using dioxin-responsive element (DRE) oligonucleotides isolated a single immunoreactive and TCDD treatment-dependent protein with a molecular mass of 105 kDa. The protein was identified as guinea pig Ah receptor based on TCDD treatment dependence, molecular weight, and immunoreactivity. A bioimmunoassay was designed to detect the transformation of guinea pig Ah receptor by TCDD. Transformation of guinea pig Ah receptor by TCDD was dos...
THE INDEX OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS: A CLINICAL DECISION RULE TO ASSIST OUT-OF-HOSPITAL PROVIDERS IN CARING FOR OLDER PATIENTS IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

(2004). THE INDEX OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS: A CLINICAL DECISION RULE TO ASSIST OUT-OF-HOSPITAL PROVIDERS IN CARING FOR OLDER PATIENTS IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 112-112.
The Six Sigma appeal (SPC)

One of the major challenges for companies in the 1990s and beyond is the shift in focus from product innovation to ‘total customer satisfaction’.
ON THE MAXIMUM RUNUP OF CNOIDAL WAVES

This is a study of the maximum runup of cnoidal waves on plane beaches. An approximate theory is described for determining the maximum runup of nonbreaking cnoidal waves. It is shown that the linear and nonlinear theory predict mathematically identical maximum runup heights. An asymptotic result is derived for the maximum runup of solitary waves, which are one limiting form of cnoidal waves. A series of laboratory experiments is described to support the theory. Other numerical results are presented that suggest that the runup of cnoidal waves is significantly higher than the runup of monochromatic waves with the same waveheight and wavelength. Preliminary laboratory data are also presented which suggest that, for certain cnoidal waves, the maximum runup is not a monotonically varying function of the normalized wavelength.
Teaching NeuroImages: Obstructive sleep apnea triggered by vagus nerve stimulation.

A 47-year-old man with drug-resistant cryptogenic epilepsy, treated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), underwent polysomnography (PSG) for suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A previous PSG study, performed 1 year before VNS, had showed an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) = 4 events/hour, but the patient reported that the activation of the VNS was associated with increase of apneas witnessed by his bed partner. PSG was consistent with mild OSA; the AHI was 14.0 events/hour. During PSG, the stimulator was active for periods of 30 seconds, generating a peculiar artifact (figure, black arrows), separated by a 3-minute interval. In 67% of the obstructive events (9.5 events/hour), the onset of the event was simultaneous or immediately followed the start of VNS activation, suggesting that VNS might trigger obstructive apneas/hypopneas1,2 (figure, white arrows).
Electronic Fuel System Development for Air-Cooled Motorcycles

Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI®) has developed electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems to be used on air-cooled motorcycle applications. In order to explore differences in application requirements between large and small displacement motorcycles, a large twin-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled motorcycle, and a small single cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled motorcycle were utilized. The primary objectives of this study were to meet current and future emissions regulations for motorcycle exhaust emissions, to raise fuel economy, and to improve overall engine performance.
Optical and Crystallographic Studies of Ion-Implanted Relaxor Ferroelectric Lead Zinc Niobate for Single-Crystal Layer Transfer

Layer separation of He+-ion implanted relaxor ferroelectric films (0.955)[Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O3]–(0.045)[PbTiO 3 ] (0.955PZN-0.045PT) has recently been reported in the literature.[1,2] Here we report on optical and X-ray diffraction analysis of the implanted material prior to separation. The formation of optical waveguides as a result of He+-ion implantation enables us to probe the sacrificial layer. A large refractive index contrast is observed between this layer and the film. Significant tetragonal distortions are also seen in the waveguide region (“the film”). Rapid thermal processing (RTP) significantly changes the peak position of the index contrast profile, possibly indicating a large redistribution of stress by He evolution in the sacrificial layer. A commensurate reduction in tetragonal distortion and local strain distribution in the waveguide region to values close to those observed before implantation is measured by triple crystal high resolution X-ray diffraction.
Genetic testing, screening, and counseling issues in cardiovascular disease.

Genetic risk assessment for cardiovascular disease is less advanced and less widely performed to date than it is for cancer. Yet it is no less important. Alert clinicians should "think genetically" and follow up appropriately when confronted with a client having a family history of heart disease, ea
Future Directions in Research on Racism-Related Stress and Racial-Ethnic Protective Factors for Black Youth

Research on racism-related stress and racial-ethnic protective factors represents an important enterprise for optimizing the mental health of African American and other racial and ethnic minority youth. However, there has been a relative dearth of work on these factors in the clinical psychology research literature, and more work is needed in outlets such as these. To this end, the current article adopts a developmental psychopathology framework and uses recent empirical findings to outline our current understanding of racism-related stress and racial-ethnic protective factors (i.e., racial identity, racial socialization, Africentric worldview) for African American youth. We then provide nine recommendations-across basic, applied, and broader/cross-cutting research lines-that we prioritize as essential to advancing the future scientific investigation of this crucial research agenda. Within and across these recommendations, we issue a charge to researchers and clinicians alike, with the ultimate goal of alleviating the negative mental health impact that racism-related stress can have on the well-being and mental health of African American and other racial and ethnic minority youth.
Diagnosis Study Progress of Aortopulmonary Septal Defect

Aortopulmonary septal defect is a rare anomaly,it should be considered whenever the course of complex congenital heart di-sease includes early cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension.So the importance of early correction to avoid irreversible pulmonary hypertension was emphasized.Noninvasive imaging with echocardiography and (or) 64MRSCT will adequately define the anatomy before surgery,it's necessary to perform cardiac catheterization to evaluate the reversability of pulmonary vessels when pulmonary hypertention is suspected.
New Insights in Pediatric Urology: Highlights of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology Meeting, October 27-30, 2007, San Francisco, CA.

The American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology’s Annual Meeting was held in San Francisco, California, October 27–30, 2007. Papers and posters were presented on a wide range of topics, including cryptorchidism, varicocele, exstrophy, sexual differentiation, reflux, hypospadias, neurogenic bladder, hydronephrosis, valves, and voiding dysfunction. A Sunday morning seminar was held on various topics, such as recalcitrant urinary tract infections (UTIs) in augmented bladders, the use of botulinum toxin in pediatric urology, and emerging therapies for voiding dysfunction. Highlights from the meeting are reviewed below. Dr. George Kaplan received the prestigious 2007 Pediatric Urology Medal from the Section on Urology. Dr. Kaplan is the chairman of the Department of Surgery and chief of Urology at Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California. He is also clinical professor of pediatrics and surgery/urology at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine. He was acting chair of the Division of Urology at UCSD 1975–1976 and was chief of Pediatric Urology at UCSD from 1971–1997. Dr. Kaplan is a former trustee of the American Board of Urology. Dr. Kaplan has co-authored one of the gold standard textbooks of pediatric urology, Clinical Pediatric Urology, and has authored over 200 articles and book chapters. He has served as the president for the Society of Pediatric Urology and the chairman of the section on urology of the American Academy of Pediatrics. He is best known for his contributions in reconstructive surgery of the genitourinary tract.
Synthesis and characterization of co-doped SrFe12−x(DyAl)xO19 hexaferrite

A series of (Dy-Al)3+ co-substituted SrFe12−x(DyAl)xO19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) hexaferrite were prepared via auto-combustion method with subsequent heat treatment in air at 950 °C for 10 h. The phase identification of the powders performed using x-ray diffraction show presence of single phase hexaferrite for x < 0.3 and presence of secondary phase, Fe2O3, for x ≥ 0.3. Lattice parameter of SrFe12−x(DyAl)xO19 remains unaffected upon doping mainly due to Fe3+ being replaced with a smaller size Al+3 and a larger size Dy+3 ions than Fe3+. (DyAl)+3 substitution modifies saturation magnetization, Ms, and coercivity, Hc. The room temperature Ms value decreased rather slowly with substitution while Hc increased to a maximum value of 5572 Oe at x = 0.9, which is ∼33% increase in coercivity as compare to that of pure Sr-ferrite. The Curie temperature, TC, was observed to decreases upon (DyAl)3+ substitution. Dielectric permittivity was improved with (DyAl)3+ substitution in 800 MHz to 14 GHz frequency range. The DC electrical resistivity of all samples decreased with temperature showing semiconducting behavior. The room temperature Mossbauer spectral analysis indicate that Al3+ prefers 12k, 2a, and Dy3+ prefers 4f1 sites. The weighted average hyperfine field and isomer shift decreases with (DyAl)3+ content due to magnetic dilution effect and increased charged density per unit cell, respectively. These results indicate that co-doping rare-earth and non-magnetic ion can together maintain high coercivity with fairly high magnetization value of the doped Sr-ferrite.
The effect of the listener on the speaking interaction

Based on an analysis of the speaking interaction in language behavior, it was found that speaking is affected by the amount of information (low, medium, high) the listener has about the referent. Speakers with poorly informed listeners ( low information ) used more words, made more repetitions, and gave more complete descriptions of the referent than speakers with moderately- or well-informed listeners. Rate of speaking was not affected by amount of listener information, and, in addition, a complex relationship was found between subsequent speaker recall of the referent and amount of listener information.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SCF(Cyclin F) Transmits AKT Signaling to the Cell-Cycle Machinery

The oncogenic AKT kinase is a key regulator of apoptosis, cell growth, and cell-cycle progression. Despite its important role in proliferation, it remains largely unknown how AKT is mechanistically linked to the cell cycle. We show here that cyclin F, a substrate receptor F-box protein for the SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a bona fide AKT substrate. Cyclin F expression oscillates throughout the cell cycle, a rare feature among the 69 human F-box proteins, and all of its known substrates are involved in proliferation. AKT phosphorylation of cyclin F enhances its stability and promotes assembly into productive E3 ligase complexes. Importantly, expression of mutant versions of cyclin F that cannot be phosphorylated by AKT impair cell-cycle entry. Our data suggest that cyclin F transmits mitogen signaling through AKT to the core cell-cycle machinery. This discovery has potential implications for proliferative control in malignancies where AKT is activated.
CHAPTER 3 – Crystallographic Coordinates and Stereodrawings

The chapter provides information on the Protein Data Bank (PDB) file. In early 1999, 9236 sets of protein coordinates became available through a structural biology database called the PDB. It is customary for investigators to send the crystal or solution coordinates to the PDB upon completion of a structural study of a crystalline protein. In a PDB file, the syntax and arrangement of the atom coordinates should be comprehensible. The chapter describes the information provided in such files. It provides requisite information on the data depending on the crystallographic or NMR method used. The chapter discusses header records for PDB files, coordinates, atom records in a PDB file, and atom labels along with other contents of the PDB files— such as, stereodrawings, stereoglasses, divergent eyes, crossed eyes, and amino acids. The chapter focuses on the method of viewing protein models in a computer, and describes the four letter identification code. The chapter also provides guidelines on downloading coordinates with File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and using the World Wide Web page for PDB. The how-to for displaying PDB coordinates is provided, and finally the PREKIN and MAGE program is described in detail in the chapter.
Preventing Substance Abuse with American Indian Youth

Substance abuse is one of the worst problems experienced by American Indian people. In this article, methods to prevent substance abuse among Indian young people are described and the future implic...