cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Walking through doorways causes forgetting: active and passive interaction

The current study explored the location updating effect when people passively interacted with an environment. This was assessed experimentally by having one person actively navigate through a virtu...
Electronic Visits For Common Acute Conditions: Evaluation Of A Recently Established Program.

Asynchronous interactions between patients and providers through patient portals (called e-visits in this article) have the potential to increase access to care and reduce the time requirements for...
Heart and sole - shoe-based heart monitoring: demo abstract

We present Heart and Sole, a shoe-based system that can track a subject's pulse through their feet. Heart rate monitoring can be used to enhance athletic training and assess risk for several health conditions, such as cardiovascular risk and Parkinson's Disease. Many solutions have been proposed to track people's heart rates in their daily lives, but none of them follow the user around without requiring the user to wear special devices. By incorporating sensors into shoes that the user already wears in everyday life, we can create a ubiquitous heart-monitoring system that follows the user around but also remains ambient in the environment. The sensors lie against the foot as part of the tongue of the shoe. The challenge is to differentiate the weak signal induced by arterial motion from the signal noise caused by musculoskeletal movement. Heart and Sole addresses this by amplifying the signal and identifying low motion points where we can more easily extract the signal. Our demo will have a demonstrator wearing a shoe with such a sensor in it, and demonstrating that their measured pulse matches up with the one being measured by our ground truth, a pulse oximeter.
Geographic variation in the incidence of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) subtypes and infectious risk factors.

e13094Background: Helicobacter pylori is a known etiologic factor for gastric MZL, but data for infectious etiology in other MZL subtypes are controversial. Proposed hypothetical factors include Bo...
Factors Related to Linguistic Content in Video Narrative of Adolescents with Cancer and Healthy Controls

A long history exists of the utilization of narratives to help young people cope with stress and illness. Research is beginning to focus on video based story-telling for the purpose of intervention, however little research has been conducted to look at factors that influence the narrative content of these films. As a pilot, and within the context of a larger study, the current research was conducted with n = 10 adolescents with cancer and n = 10 healthy peers exploring participant characteristics (e.g. personality, quality of life, etc.) and their relationship with linguistic consent of the film. Despite little to no differences identified in demographic characteristics, results identified distinct differences between each group, suggesting that linguistic aspects of film narratives differ in adolescents with and without cancer. This research can serve to motivate future directions of exploration surrounding the content of film narratives and their relationship to patient well-being.
Flip sides of exploration

Aerial photos taken during a 1930s expedition to the southeastern Greenland margin had been classified and lost to science. Their rediscovery highlights how closely geopolitical and scientific ambitions are linked in exploration.
Medical Treatment of GERD

Medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be approached in two ways: directly applied to correct the underlying mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis or alternatively applied to symptom severity in a “step-up” or “step-down” fashion. Mechanistic approaches to therapy can further be subdivided into directing therapy at decreasing the frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation to minimize esophageal exposure to gastric acid or more commonly neutralizing or suppressing gastric acidity, thereby rendering refluxed materials less caustic to esophageal mucosa. Pharmacologic agents for patients with persistent symptoms despite lifestyle interventions include nonabsorbable agents, antisecretory agents, prokinetic agents, and inhibitors of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs).
Pricing Cause-Related Marketing Products

The broad takeaway from the literature on cause-related marketing products, where firms donate to charities when consumers make a purchase, is that "warm glow" can increase demand. However, recent field results show that embedding donations increases demand only if the price of the product is high enough. Otherwise, demand can diminish in the donation amount, implicating mechanisms beyond warm glow, specifically reputation for generosity. However, there is no extant work informing firms' cause-marketing choices given these non-monotonic demand effects. We seek to close this gap. Drawing from identity theory models, we write a consumer model that incorporates reputation concerns in addition to warm glow. We solve analytically for optimal product prices and donation amounts under a differentiated duopoly as well as a monopoly setting. Our results are surprising. First, equilibrium profits can increase despite reputation concerns reducing consumers' utility. Second, warm glow and reputation concerns play complementary roles: warm glow drives the firm's choice to participate in cause marketing (i.e., embed a positive donation amount), while reputation concerns drive the profitability of the campaign. Third, firms may find it optimal to endogenously design cause marketing campaigns that induce negative reputation effects. Finally, surprisingly, it is in competition, not monopoly, that producers reap the most benefits from reputation concerns.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Evidence and Therapeutic Potential

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by progressive development and enlargement of kidney cysts, leading to ESKD. Because the kidneys are under high metabolic demand, it is not surprising that mounting evidence suggests that a metabolic defect exists in in vitro and animal models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which likely contributes to cystic epithelial proliferation and subsequent cyst growth. Alterations include defective glucose metabolism (reprogramming to favor aerobic glycolysis), dysregulated lipid and amino acid metabolism, impaired autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Limited evidence supports that cellular kidney metabolism is also dysregulated in humans with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. There are notable overlapping features and pathways among metabolism, obesity, and/or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Both dietary and pharmacologic-based strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities are being considered as therapies to slow autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression and are attractive, particularly given the slowly progressive nature of the disease. Dietary strategies include daily caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, time-restricted feeding, a ketogenic diet, and 2-deoxy-glucose as well as alterations to nutrient availability. Pharmacologic-based strategies include AMP-activated kinase activators, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, niacinamide, and thiazolidenediones. The results from initial clinical trials targeting metabolism are upcoming and anxiously awaited within the scientific and polycystic kidney disease communities. There continues to be a need for additional mechanistic studies to better understand the role of dysregulated metabolism in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and for subsequent translation to clinical trials. Beyond single-intervention trials focused on metabolic reprograming in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, great potential also exists by combining metabolic-focused therapeutic approaches with compounds targeting other signaling cascades altered in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, such as tolvaptan.
Human Capital Hired from Traditional and Nontraditional Labor Markets: Individual-Level Differences

Human capital is an important resource that supports organizations to achieve a competitive advantage and superior firm performance. Extant research includes strategies and approaches for human cap...
Abstract 5956: New molecular mechanisms of small cell lung cancer growth

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women in the United States. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) results in over 30,000 deaths of Americans annually and comprises 15-17% incidences of lung cancer. SCLC is the most aggressive form of lung cancer due to its rapid doubling time and early widespread metastasis. Most SCLC patients present with advanced disease, respond to initial systemic chemotherapy, and then treatment refractory progression usually occurs within one year due to acquired drug resistance. Consequently, the median survival time of SCLC patients is only 9 to 20 months and merely 7% of SCLC patients survive beyond five years. A better molecular understanding of SCLC is necessary to develop much needed new treatment strategies. For the first time, we demonstrate that dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) and its splice variant t-DARPP stimulate tumors of neuroendocrine origin, and we show DARPP-32 proteins are aberrantly overexpressed in human SCLC. Upregulation of t-DARPP protein in a subset of SCLC patients positively correlates with overexpression of genes associated with Notch signaling, including achaete-scute homologue 1 (ASCL1). We reveal that DARPP-32 isoforms are transcriptionally activated by ASCL1 in human SCLC cells. To determine whether DARPP-32 drives SCLC growth in vivo, we utilized an orthotopic lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Mice challenged with DARPP-32-ablated DMS-53 cells show a substantial decrease in lung tumor growth relative to controls. Correspondingly, we demonstrate increased tumor growth in mice harboring lung tumors formed by administration of DMS-53 or H1048 cells overexpressing DARPP-32 and t-DARPP proteins. Mechanistically, we describe how DARPP-32 isoforms promote SCLC growth through increased proliferation, Akt/Erk-mediated survival, and anti-apoptotic signaling. Taken together, we define new regulatory mechanisms of SCLC oncogenesis that suggest DARPP-32 isoforms may represent a negative prognostic indicator for SCLC and serve as a potential target for the development of new therapies. Citation Format: Sk. Kayum Alam, Li Wang, Yanan Ren, Christina E. Hernandez, Farhad Kosari, Anja C. Roden, Rendong Yang, Luke H. Hoeppner. New molecular mechanisms of small cell lung cancer growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5956.
Isolation Valve Impact on Failure Severity and Risk Analysis

AbstractThe number of isolation valves installed in a water distribution pipe network is typically based on conservative rules of thumb that have been propagated throughout the water industry. Howe...
Faith-Based Identities

Who are the players in the varied world of faith-based NGOs (FBOs), how is faith expressed in the organizations, and what issues and debates shape FBOs’ roles in development? Several forms of religious action in international development are surveyed, including monastic traditions, missionary movements, and religious solidarity groups. Using profiles of four major US-based FBOs, and a larger database of FBOs, Nelson examines their religious identities and develops a typology of organizational relationships between FBOs and religious institutions and communities. Finally, he analyzes four critical issues for FBOs: Whether to serve all in need, or coreligionists; how to balance individual transformation and social change; whether to proselytize; and how religious belief is expressed in organizational culture and staffing.
Evaluating Six Approaches to Handling Zero-Frequency Scores under Equipercentile Equating

In many large testing programs, equipercentile equating has been widely used under a random groups design to adjust test difficulty between forms. However, one thorny issue occurs with equipercenti...
Sensitivity of gravitational waves from preheating to a scalar field’s interactions

After inflation, a period of preheating may have produced a stochastic background of high frequency gravitational waves (GWs) that would persist until today. The nature of the inflaton's coupling to standard model or other fields is unknown, so it is useful to ask what features such fields may typically have, and how these affect predictions for the GWs produced. Here we consider the inflaton to be coupled to a light scalar field, and show that even a very small quartic self-interaction term will reduce the amplitude of the GW spectrum. For self-coupling ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{g}^{2}$, where ${g}^{2}$ is the inflaton-scalar coupling, the peak energy density goes as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\text{gw}}^{({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\chi}})}/{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\text{gw}}^{({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}=0)}\ensuremath{\sim}({g}^{2}/{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}{)}^{2}$. A consequence is that if the universe reheats through an inflaton-Higgs coupling then the spectrum would be suppressed but the dynamics would be sensitive to the Higgs potential near the energy scale of inflation.
Coherent Spin Dynamics of Carriers and Magnetic Ions in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

The strong sp − d exchange interaction in DMS materials gives rise to a rich array of electron, hole, and Mn-ion spin dynamics that is broadly tunable with applied magnetic fields. These are discussed in-depth in this chapter. Terahertz spin precession, as also demonstrated in this chapter, of coherent electrons, ultrafast relaxation of hole spins, and the long-lived free-induction decays of the embedded Mn spin population can be directly initiated and probed in the time domain from femtosecond to microsecond timescales using ultrafast optical techniques based on Faraday rotation.
Perfect Little Feminists

Girls' studies has emerged as a dynamic area of scholarship that examines the cultural construction of girlhood, the role that girls play in society, their identity formation, and their representation in media. This paper extends previous research by interviewing young girls aged 6 to 12 years old about their interactions with each other as they view animated cartoons. Expanding claims that Girl Power media empower young viewers, I showed clips from The Powerpuff Girls and other cartoons during the interviews to elicit girls' interpretations of popular culture, explore their views on gender equity, and examine the role of female friendships in their lives. Results from my interviews suggest that the middle-class girls I talked with simultaneously embrace both gender-role differences and gender equality.
Combining NLCD and MODIS to create a land cover-albedo database for the continental United States

Abstract Land surface albedo is an essential climate variable that is tightly linked to land cover, such that specific land cover classes (e.g., deciduous broadleaf forest, cropland) have characteristic albedos. Despite the normative of land-cover class specific albedos, there is considerable variability in albedo within a land cover class. The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo product were combined to produce a long-term (14 years) integrated land cover-albedo database for the continental United States that can be used to examine the temporal behavior of albedo as a function of land cover. The integration identifies areas of homogeneous land cover at the nominal spatial resolution of the MODIS (MCD43A) albedo product (500 m × 500 m) from the NLCD product (30 m × 30 m), and provides an albedo data record per 500 m × 500 m pixel for 14 of the 16 NLCD land cover classes. Individual homogeneous land cover pixels have up to 605 albedo observations, and 75% of the pixels have at least 319 MODIS albedo observations (≥ 50% of the maximum possible number of observations) for the study period (2000–2013). We demonstrated the utility of the database by conducting a multivariate analysis of variance of albedo for each NLCD land cover class, showing that locational (pixel-to-pixel) and inter-annual variability were significant factors in addition to expected seasonal (intra-annual) and geographic (latitudinal) effects.
In vivo (13)C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during

The aims of this study were twofold: (i) to determine quantitatively the contribution of glutamate/glutamine cycling to total astrocyte/neuron substrate trafficking for the replenishment of neurotransmitter glutamate; and (ii) to determine the relative contributions of anaplerotic flux and glutamate/glutamine cycling to total glutamine synthesis. In this work in vivo and in vitro (13)C NMR spectroscopy were used, with a [2-(13)C]glucose or [5-(13)C]glucose infusion, to determine the rates of glutamate/glutamine cycling, de novo glutamine synthesis via anaplerosis, and the neuronal and astrocytic tricarboxylic acid cycles in the rat cerebral cortex. The rate of glutamate/glutamine cycling measured in this study is compared with that determined from re-analysis of (13)C NMR data acquired during a [1-(13)C]glucose infusion. The excellent agreement between these rates supports the hypothesis that glutamate/glutamine cycling is a major metabolic flux ( approximately 0.20 micromol/min/g) in the cerebral cortex of anesthetized rats and the predominant pathway of astrocyte/neuron trafficking of neurotransmitter glutamate precursors. Under normoammonemic conditions anaplerosis was found to comprise 19-26% of the total glutamine synthesis, whilst this fraction increased significantly during hyperammonemia ( approximately 32%). These findings indicate that anaplerotic glutamine synthesis is coupled to nitrogen removal from the brain (ammonia detoxification) under hyperammonemic conditions.
NMR studies of fluorinated visual pigment analogs.

Summary The 19 F-nmr chemical shift data of isomeric pigments (11-cis and 9-cis) of four vinyl fluororhodopsins and two trifluororhodopsins have been recorded. When compared with model protonated Schiff bases, a set of F-nmr opsin shift parameter (FOS) was obtained. The data revealed regiospecific protein perturbations on the F-resonances. They can be interpreted in terms of specific protein interactions such as the postulated second point charge and other polar interactions as well as the common hydrophobic protein perturbation.
Gamma-gamma directional correlations in 135Xe following the decay of 135I

Abstract The level scheme of 135Xe was investigated via the angular correlation of γ-rays using a Ge(Li) and a NaI(T1) detector. The angular correlation of the 526.5–1131.6, 836.8–1131.6, 1124.1–1131.6, 417.5–1260.5, and 220.5–1458.1 keV γ-ray cascades were measured. The spin and parity of the 2256.7, 1968.4, 1448.6 and 1131.6 keV levels were deduced to be 7 2 +, 5 2 +, 3 2 +, and 7 2 + respectively. The levels of 135Xe are compared to the level structure of other N = 81 isotones and are discussed in the context of the particle-core coupling model.
Digital games and the US National Research Council’s science proficiency goals

This review synthesises research on digital games and science learning as it supports the goals for science proficiency outlined in the report by the US National Research Council on science education reform. The review is organised in terms of these research-based goals for science proficiency in light of their alignment with current science education standards and reform documents worldwide. Overall, the review suggests that digital games can support science learning across the four strands but also suggests that there are few strong quantitative studies examining some of the strands. Much of the research conducted to date has centred primarily on the potential of games to scaffold conceptual knowledge, engagement and participation. Less research has focused on epistemological understanding and science process skills. While much debate has asked whether digital games are ‘good’ or ‘bad’ for learning, the research across the strands highlights that the design of digital games, rather than their medium, ul...
Evidence-based medicine: Data mining and pharmacoepidemiology research

Evidence-based medicine is an important initiative of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. However, published data are limited. Medical knowledge can be advanced through pharmacoepidemiology and data mining research of very large databases, data warehouses. Before VioxxTM (rofecoxib) and CelebrexTM (celecoxib) were publicly suspected of being associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke, etodolac was evaluated for gastrointestinal safety using a data warehouse constructed from several data sources and data mining tools embedded with pharmacoepidemiologic methods. Results were published in a top tier medical journal, and established gastrointestinal safety of a generic COX-2 analgesic medication. This project demonstrates that the knowledge needed for evidence-based medicine can be augmented through pharmacoepidemiology research using data mining and data warehousing.
Stability of the method of lines

It is well known that a necessary condition for the Lax-stability of the method of lines is that the eigenvalues of the spatial discretization operator, scaled by the time stepk, lie within a distanceO(k) of the stability region of the time integration formula ask?0. In this paper we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, except for an algebraic factor, is that the ?-pseudo-eigenvalues of the same operator lie within a distanceO(?)+O(k) of the stability region ask, ??0. Our results generalize those of an earlier paper by considering: (a) Runge-Kutta and other one-step formulas, (b) implicit as well as explicit linear multistep formulas, (c) weighted norms, (d) algebraic stability, (e) finite and infinite time intervals, and (f) stability regions with cusps. In summary, the theory presented in this paper amounts to a transplantation of the Kreiss matrix theorem from the unit disk (for simple power iterations) to an arbitrary stability region (for method of lines calculations).
The Role of Reading Rate in the Informal Assessment of Reading Ability.

This article, which focuses on oral reading rate, reports findings from a large assessment study in rural North Carolina. Students in grades 2 to 6 were assessed on the following measures: isolated word recognition (timed and untimed); oral reading accuracy, reading rate, and reading comprehension. Overall, the results (1) support traditional “instructional-level” criteria in reading diagnosis (e.g., word recognition-timed = 75%; oral reading accuracy = 95%); (2) provide tentative oral reading rate minimums for each grade level, 2 through 6; and (3) suggest that a word recognition-in-isolation measure, if timed (½ second), is an excellent predictor of oral reading rate or fluency. Practical implications accompany each of these findings.
Availability of selected Institute of Medicine recommendations for geriatric care in hospitals providing care to injured older adults

This study evaluated the presence of eight geriatric care Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations in a representative sample of hospitals (N = 128) that provide care to injured older adults. Four data sources were utilized to form a dataset. Descriptive statistics were conducted and Chi-square analyses were used to examine differences among trauma center levels and non-trauma centers. Six IOM recommendations were present in less than 50% of hospitals. Recommendations related to computerized support for risk assessment of two geriatric-specific conditions (CAUTI, pressure ulcers) were present in more than 70% of hospitals. Level I and II trauma centers had greater adoption of recommendations than level III/IV trauma centers and non-trauma centers. Continued efforts are needed to promote and support the advancement of IOM recommendations throughout U.S. hospitals.
Serial propagation of adenoviruses (APC) in monkey kidney tissue cultures.

SummaryStrains of adenovirus types 1 through 7 were carried through at least 10 serial passages in monkey kidney tissue cultures, yielding harvests of virus with titers of >103.5 to 106 per 0.1 ml, and frequently CF antigen titers of 1:16 or higher.
A model combining oscillations and attractor dynamics for generation of grid cell firing.

Different models have been able to account for different features of the data on grid cell firing properties, including the relationship of grid cells to cellular properties and network oscillations. This paper describes a model that combines elements of two major classes of models of grid cells: models using interference of oscillations and models using attractor dynamics. This model includes a population of units with oscillatory input representing input from the medial septum. These units are termed heading angle cells because their connectivity depends upon heading angle in the environment as well as the spatial phase coded by the cell. These cells project to a population of grid cells. The sum of the heading angle input results in standing waves of circularly symmetric input to the grid cell population. Feedback from the grid cell population increases the activity of subsets of the heading angle cells, resulting in the network settling into activity patterns that resemble the patterns of firing fields in a population of grid cells. The properties of heading angle cells firing as conjunctive grid-by-head-direction cells can shift the grid cell firing according to movement velocity. The pattern of interaction of oscillations requires use of separate populations that fire on alternate cycles of the net theta rhythmic input to grid cells, similar to recent neurophysiological data on theta cycle skipping in medial entorhinal cortex.
Explaining Lebanese Shii adherence to Hezbollah: alienation, religiosity and welfare provision

Data from a cross-sectional survey of 176 Lebanese Shiis living in Metropolitan Beirut have been used to investigate the relationship between social and religious variables and attitudes toward Lebanon's “Party of God” (Hezbollah). The results indicate that Islamic religiosity, political discontent, and access to social welfare are positively associated with endorsement of the party. The implications of these findings for the party's future in light of recent political developments are discussed.
Mathematical models for the spread of epidemics.

Abstract A series of mathematical models for the spread of influenza, due to Lila Elveback, and the results of their simulation are described. Recent mathematical results suggest possible simplification of the models. Applications for understanding and for control of epidemics will be discussed.
Prevalence and incidence of vertebral deformities

There is a need to identify vertebral fractures from radiographs taken at a single point in time, but considerable controversy surrounds the methods to be used. We extended a data set to comprise baseline radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine on an age-stratified random sample of 762 Rochester, Minnesota, women and used revised methods to define vertebral deformities morphometrically. Changes in the method of measuring vertebral heights, changes in the source of normal values for vertebral measurements and changes in the criteria for assessing vertebral deformity had little impact on estimated prevalence and incidence in this population. The prevalence of any vertebral deformity was estimated at 25.3 per 100 Rochester women aged 50 years and over (95% CI, 22.3–28.2), while the incidence of a new deformity in this group was estimated at 17.8 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 16.0–19.7). Projected nationally, these data suggest that over 500 000 white women in the United States develop vertebral deformities for the first time each year and that over 7 million white women aged 50 years and over might be affected at any given time. These estimates are limited by the absence of a reliable ‘gold standard’ with which to determine false positive and false negative rates associated with this or any other morphometric method. Information on the health consequences of vertebral deformities of various sorts would be most helpful in choosing between alternative approaches to defining them.
Using the CW-complex to represent the topological structure of implicit surfaces and solids

We investigate the CW-complex as a data structure for visualizing and controlling the topology of implicit surfaces. Previous methods for contolling the blending of implicit surfaces redefined the contribution of a metaball or unioned blended components. Morse theory provides new insight into the topology of the surface a function implicitly defines by studying the critical points of the function. These critical points are organized by a separatrix structure into a CW-complex. This CW-complex forms a topological skeleton of the object, indicating connectedness and the possibility of connectedness at various locations in the surface model. Definitions, algorithms and applications for the CW-complex of an implicit surface and the solid it bounds are given as a preliminary step toward direct control of the topology of an implicit surface.
Academic Competence for Adolescents Who Bully and Who Are Bullied Findings from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development

School bullying has negative implications for adolescent academic competence, making it important to explore what factors promote such competence for adolescents who bully and who are bullied. Pote...
Cholesterol and Lipid Oxidation Products in Cooked Meat as Affected by Raw‐Meat Packaging and Irradiation and by Cooked‐Meat Packaging and Storage Time

Aerobic packaging significantly increased cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and thiobarbituric acid ceactive substances (TBARS) in cooked turkey, pork, and beef patties after 7-d storage, but vacuum packaging was very effective in preventing cholesterol and lipid oxidation. Packaging of ment after cooking had a much stronger effect on COPs formation than before cooking, and irradiation had only a minor effect. The amount of total COPs correlated well with TBARS in cooked meat. Turkey had the highest rates of COPs and TBARS formation and beef had the lowest rates after 7-d storage, which were closely related to the fatty acid composition of meats. 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol were the major COPs detected in all 3 cooked meat patties. L'emballage en aerobie augmente significativement les produits d'oxydation du cholesterol et les substances reactives a l'acide thiobarbiturique dans les viandes cuites de dinde, de porc et les boulettes de boeuf apres 7 jours de stockage. L'emballage sous vide est tres efficace pour prevenir l'oxydation du cholesterol et des lipides. L'emballage de la viande apres la cuisson a un effet plus important sur la formation des produits d'oxydation du cholesterol que avant la cuisson et l'irradiation a un effet mineur.
Reconstitution of ATPase activity from the isolated α, β, and γ subunits of the coupling factor, F1, of Escherichia coli

Abstract The three major subunits (α, β and γ) of the coupling factor, F1 ATPase, of Escherichia coli were separated and purified by hydrophobic column chromatography after the enzyme was dissociated by cold inactivation. The ability to hydrolyze ATP was reconstituted by dialyzing the mixture of subunits against 0.05 M Tris-succinate, pH 6.0, containing 2 mM ATP and 2 mM MgCl2. A mixture containing α, β and γ regained ATP hydrolyzing activity. Individual subunits alone or mixtures of any two subunits did not develop ATPase activity, except for a low but significant activity with α plus β. The reconstituted ATPase had a Km of 0.23 mM for ATP and a molecular weight by sucrose gradient density centrifugation of about 280,000.
New directions in traffic measurement and accounting: Focusing on the elephants, ignoring the mice

Accurate network traffic measurement is required for accounting, bandwidth provisioning and detecting DoS attacks. These applications see the traffic as a collection of flows they need to measure. As link speeds and the number of flows increase, keeping a counter for each flow is too expensive (using SRAM) or slow (using DRAM). The current state-of-the-art methods (Cisco's sampled NetFlow), which count periodically sampled packets are slow, inaccurate and resource-intensive. Previous work showed that at different granularities a small number of "heavy hitters" accounts for a large share of traffic. Our paper introduces a paradigm shift by concentrating the measurement process on large flows only---those above some threshold such as 0.1p of the link capacity.We propose two novel and scalable algorithms for identifying the large flows: sample and hold and multistage filters, which take a constant number of memory references per packet and use a small amount of memory. If M is the available memory, we show analytically that the errors of our new algorithms are proportional to 1/M; by contrast, the error of an algorithm based on classical sampling is proportional to 1/√M, thus providing much less accuracy for the same amount of memory. We also describe optimizations such as early removal and conservative update that further improve the accuracy of our algorithms, as measured on real traffic traces, by an order of magnitude. Our schemes allow a new form of accounting called threshold accounting in which only flows above a threshold are charged by usage while the rest are charged a fixed fee. Threshold accounting generalizes usage-based and duration based pricing.
Ligand structure influences autologous downregulation of estrogen receptor–alpha messenger RNA

Abstract A series of A- and D-ring substituted estrogen analogues have been examined for their effect on estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) mRNA downregulation. Recently it has been proposed that ERα autologous downregulation occurs via transcriptional repression exerted by the binding of the ERα–ligand complex to the 5′ region of the coding region of the ERα gene. Placement of the phenolic hydroxyl group on the various carbons of the aromatic A-ring of estratrien-17βol (carbons 1–3) produced ligands which diminished the steady state level of ERα mRNA in relation to their affinity for receptor. 4-Hydoxyestratrien-17βol, on the other hand, was inactive in the downregulation of ERα mRNA. Although this A-ring isomer brought about apparent processing of the nuclear receptor, the ERα reappeared in the cytosol within 24 h. Unlike the stimulation of genes regulated via estrogen response elements, maximum autologous negative regulation of the ERα gene required the presence of an hydroxyl group on carbon 17 of the D-ring. These results suggest that the conformational alterations elicited in the ERα molecule by various ligands create surfaces capable of interacting with other transcription factors in a manner which is different when the receptor functions via a response element mechanism relative to interactions during autologous negative regulation of the ERα gene.
A note on the reference frame indifference

In the recent years a controversy has appeared in the literature in reference to the frame indifference of certain tensorial expressions. In this paper a reexamination of the definition of frame indifference, as it is expressed mathematically, is presented. It is emphasized that frame indifference cannot be examined before a choice of reference frame is made. Finally, a number of frame indifferent constitutive equations are given to illustrate the concepts presented here.
Phytochemical fingerprinting to thwart black cohosh adulteration: a 15 Actaea species analysis

Introduction – The popular use of black cohosh products (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L.) is growing as the demand for alternatives to estrogen therapy has increased. Critical to safe use is the assurance of unadulterated, high-quality products. Questions have been raised about the safety of black cohosh due to cases of liver toxicity in patients who reported taking it; subsequent evaluation found some products to be adulterated with other related herbal species. Correct plant species identification is a key first step for good manufacturing practices of safe black cohosh products. Objectives – To develop analytical methods which distinguish black cohosh from other species (American and Asian) of Actaea increasingly found as adulterants in commercially available black cohosh products. Material and methods – Fifteen species of Actaea were collected from North America and Asia, and the phytochemical fingerprints of these samples were established using HPLC-PDA and LC-MS techniques. Results – The HPLC and LC-MS fingerprints for polyphenols and triterpene glycosides revealed distinct patterns that make black cohosh clearly distinguishable from most other species of Actaea. Two marker compounds, cimifugin and cimiracemoside F, were found to be important to distinguish black cohosh from most Asian species of Actaea. Formononetin was not found from either Asian or American species of Actaea. Conclusions – Phytochemical fingerprinting is a practical, reliable method for authenticating black cohosh and distinguishing it from other species of Actaea increasingly found as adulterants in commercially available black cohosh products. This should facilitate the continued development of high-quality, unadulterated black cohosh products. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some factors contributing to the development of subatmospheric pressure in the heart chambers and pericardial cavity of Mustelus canis (Mitchill).

Abstract 1. 1. Four experiments were designed to investigate some factors contributing to the development of subatmospheric pressure in the pericardial cavity and heart chambers of the smooth dog fish. 2. 2. Pericardiotomy resulted in a change in atrial and ventricular dynamics and abolished the occurrence of subatmospheric intracardiac pressure. 3. 3. Intrapericardial injections of Elasmobranch-Ringer's solution produced similar results. 4. 4. These results and those from experiments with epinephrine and bradycardia provide evidence to support the hypothesis that subatmospheric pressure within the pericardial cavity depends on a noncompliant parietal pericardium and the diastolic fiber length of heart muscle. 5. 5. Respiratory activity also contributes to the negativity of intrapericardial pressure.
Treatment recommendations for psychiatric outpatients

Choosing the proper match between patient and modality of psychiatric treatment has received little attention. This study examines factors associated with recommendations for particular treatment modalities for 110 out-patients (34% male, 66% female; mean age 35.2years). We usedfour mutually-exclusive categories of treatment recommendations: individual psychotherapy alone, other psychosocial therapies (e.g., group therapy, family therapy) with or without individual therapy, psychotropic drugs in combination with one or more psychosocial approaches (the “drugs-plus” group), and psychotropic drugs alone. Dependent variables included patient self-ratings of symptoms (both as single symptoms and as symptom clusters), interviewer mental status ratings, estimates of social dysfunction, the course of the illness over time, the prognosis, an estimate of the patient's willingness to follow the treatment plan, and a recommendation about various types of family contact or intervention. The “drugs-plus” group was the most severely ill, as reflected both by patients' selfratings and by interviewer ratings. The drugs-alone group showed the least distress on both subjective and observational measures, and was the oldest and best-educated of the four groups. This finding on education shows that drugs-alone is not viewed as second-class treatment, to be given to the uneducated. Despite less distress and less social dysfunction in the drugs-alone group, this group was judged far more likely to need psychiatric hospitalization if the treatment plan were not followed, suggesting that this group was, potentially, the sickest of the four.
Market risk and process uncertainty in production operations

By adopting a real options framework we develop a production control model that jointly incorporates process and market uncertainties. In this model, process uncertainty is defined by random fluctuations in the outputs' yield and market risk through demand uncertainty for the output. In our approach, production outputs represent commodities or items for which financial contracts do not trade. Outputs are also functionally linked to the level of input inventories. To extend the model's applicability to a wide range of production industries, inputs are modeled to reflect either renewable or partially renewable or non-renewable resources. Given this setting, techniques of stochastic control theory are employed to obtain value maximizing production policies in a constrained capacity environment. The rate of production is modeled as an adapted positive real-valued process and analogously evaluated as a sequence of complex real options. Since optimal adjustments to the rate of production also functionally depend on the outputs' yield, we optimally establish “trigger boundaries” justifying controlled variations to the rate of production over time. In this context, we provide closed form analytic results and demonstrate their robustness with respect to the stochastic (including mean reverting) processes considered. Using these results, we also demonstrate that the value (net of holding costs) accrued to the producer from having an inventory of the output is equivalent to the producer's reservation price to operationally curb its process yield. These generalizations extend the scope of model applicability and provide a basis for applying the real options methodology in the operations arena. The model is explored numerically using a stylized example that allows for both output and demand uncertainty and achieves greater realism by incorporating an element of smoothing into the sequence of production decisions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
“Woman” on the move: mobile subjectivities after intersectionality

Purpose –The paper originated in challenges trying to theorize and research practices and processes of actors engaged in transnational activities for business and everyday life. Key concern was the assumption that actors’ identities remain the same regardless of time/space. While intersectional analysis once seemed a reasonable analytical approach the authors wondered about starting from identity-based categorical schemes in a world where mobility may be ever more the ontological status of everyday experiences and social structuring. Thus, the paper addresses limitations of intersectional analysis in such situations and advances its recasting via mobile conceptualizations, redressing its analytical purchase for contemporary subject formation. Design/methodology/approach – Discusses emergence of intersectionality at a particular point in time, its success and proliferation, and more recent critiques of these ideas. Develops alternative conceptualization – mobile subjectivities – via literatures on mobiliti...
The relative power of zero-padding when testing for serial correlation using artificial regressions

Artificial regression allows a simple and flexible test of serial correlation with many virtues that promote it, in principle, to a position of dominance. But it has a serious small-sample problem: successively truncated lagged residual regressors reduce limited d. of f. twice, simultaneously reducing T and increasing K. It is therefore with interest that one learns one can pad-out the truncated residuals with zeros and the test remains asymptotically valid. Of course, asymptotic virtues are small comfort with limited d. of f., so one wonders about the small-sample effectiveness of this zero-padding procedure. The Monte Carlo study presented here addresses this issue: in a sample of size 20, there appears little, if any, gain to zero-padding, and, indeed, in the most common cases, zero-padding results in marginally reduced power.
Indoor Environment Conditions and Computer Work in an Office

Nineteen employees performing comparable sales order-entry tasks participated in a study of the effects of the environmental conditions at their workstations on their computer work performance. Air temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and respirable particulates at 10 microns were logged at each workstation. A web-based software system gathered contemporaneous computer work performance data (correct keystrokes, correction keystrokes, and total mouse clicks). Results showed an effect of day of the week on the correct keystroke rate (p = 0.01) and on the mouse-click rate (p = 0.007) with more being done on Mondays than Fridays and an interaction of workday and air temperature on the correct keystroke rate (p = 0.011) and on the mouse-click rate (p = 0.008). There was an association between air temperature and the correct keystroke rate (p = 0.03); the correct keystroke rate was greater at warmer than cooler temperatures, but there was no significant effect of air...
East Pacific Rise at lat 19°S: Evidence for a recent ridge jump

A detailed ANGUS (Acoustically Navigated Geological Undersea Surveyor) photographic and bathymetric survey of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) near lat 19°S reveals a small jump of the ridge axis to the west. The axial block in this region consists of two parallel ridges 3 km apart and separated by a 200-m-deep valley. South of lat 19°06′S the plate boundary is a single, narrow (
Production and subcontracting policies for assemble-to-order systems with service level constraints

We develop a queuing model to evaluate production and subcontracting policies commonly used in an assembled-to-order manufacturing system with service level constraints. The manufacturer determines production and inventory levels for the components using a base stock policy, and inventory is replenished from suppliers that have stochastic lead times. Customer demands for the assembled products can be satisfied only when all the required components are available and unsatisfied demands are backordered. The manufacturer offers high level of service to the customer and reserves the option, if necessary, to produce components internally at a faster rate and higher cost. Using queuing models we compare the performance of two policies: on-hand inventory based policy and leadtime based policy and compare these policies to obtain the condition where each policy is better than the other.
Systematic evaluation of bone dysplasias by the paediatric radiologist

A bone dysplasia is often a difficult diagnosis for the radiologist to achieve. However, principles of interpretation can make the task both interesting and often straightforward. In general, one of the factors of bone growth is in some way impaired, yielding an abnormal skeleton. To analyse what is impaired may greatly assist in narrowing the diagnostic possibilities. In most dysplasias, the affected growth factor is either one of enchondral or membranous bone growth. When interpreting bone radiographs for dysplasia one should be aware that aberrant positioning, that may lead to foreshortening in space, may simulate impaired growth in time. Dysplasia diagnosis for the paediatric radiologist is an art, but it can also be a science (as well as a pattern recognition challenge).