cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caviar con Ron: 'Sdelano na Kube'

En Caviar con Ron : ' Sdelano na Kube', Jacqueline Loss y Jose Manuel Prieto analizan la gama vasta de actitudes hacia lo sovietico -desde una minimizacion del impacto sovietico en Cuba a una expresion exagerada de gratitud hacia los “rusos”- que se han encontrado desde que comenzaron su colaboracion investigativa en 2004. Notan que las transformaciones en la memorializacion, de una negacion rotunda a una aceptacion actual que no dudarian de llamar entusiasta, fueron algo que no pudieron anticipar del todo cuando decidieron organizar el que puede considerarse el primer simposio internacional (2007) dedicado a estudiar el impacto del vinculo sovietico en Cuba y publicar el libro Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience (2012), que aquilato las huellas de esa, extrana relacion de un pais del “tercer mundo” con una potencia lejana y virtualmente desconocida, todo dentro del marco de la Guerra Fria. En este texto, buscan compartir su experiencia, relatar sus principales etapas y el estado actual de la cuestion del imaginario cubano de lo sovietico y lo ruso. In “ Caviar with Rum : Sdelano na Kube ,” Jacqueline Loss and Jose Manuel Prieto analyze the vast range of attitudes toward the Soviet -from the minimization of the Soviet impact in Cuba to an exaggerated expression of gratitude toward the “Russians”- that they have encountered since they began their investigative collaboration in 2004. They note that the transformations in the memorialization, from an emphatic negation to an acceptance these days that they might even call enthusiastic, were something that they could not anticipate in the least when they decided to organize what can be considered as the first international symposium (2007) dedicated to studying the impact of the Soviet link in Cuba, and the publication of the book Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience (2012) that assessed the remnants of this strange relationship between a “Third Word” country with a far-away and virtually unknown power, all within the framework of the Cold War. In this text, they seek to share their experience, telling the first stages and the current state of the question of the Cuban imaginary of the Soviet and the Russian.
Piezoelectric Vibrational Sensor for Sail Luffing Detetection on Robotic Sailboats

Current robotic sailing relies on sensing wind direction and moving the sails to a position that is appropriate for that relative wind angle. The research to date shows that a correctly tuned sail in the classic wing shape is essential for maximum speed over water. This paper relates research on sensors used to determine when sail trim is incorrect. With improper sail trim, the sail luffs. This luffing produces turbulence which reduces the efficiency of the sail. By instrumenting the sail with sensors to detect when sails begin to luff, the robot can determine when the sail is improperly trimmed and, potentially, take corrective action.
Transparency and access to source code in electronic voting

We examine the potential role of source code disclosure and open source code requirements in promoting technical improvements and increasing transparency of voting systems. We describe the "enclosure of transparency" of voting technology that has occurred over the course of United States' electoral history, the implications that source code disclosure has for transparency, the negative effects that enclosing transparency has had at different levels and the regulatory and legislative efforts to increase access to source code. We then look at the benefits and risks of open and disclosed source code regimes for voting systems, efforts to provide open source voting systems, existing open source business models that might translate to the voting systems context, regulatory and market barriers to disclosed or open source code in voting systems and alternatives that might exist outside of public disclosure of source code. We conclude that disclosure of full system source code to qualified individuals will promote technical improvements in voting systems while limiting some of the potential risks associated with full public disclosure.
A study of the relationship between identification and optimization in adaptive control problems

Abstract An examination of some of the properties of identification as it applies to adaptive control systems is made by means of a study of a simple linear system. In particular, attention is focused on the manner in which the performance criterion effects the learning procedure of the controller.
Informed Consent of the Chronic Total Occlusion Patient

This article focuses on the general principles of informed consent, then highlights the particular risks associated with chronic total occlusion interventions. The goal is to provide a basic framework for the interventional cardiologist to use when having consent discussions with his or her patients.
Gender in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Students in Educational Administration.

Students who aspire to become school principals and superintendents must be prepared to lead schools committed to serving boys and girls equitably. In this qualitative study, 122 graduate students in a cultural diversity course maintained journals of their experiences. The authors kept records of teaching the course and of selected written assignments given to the students, according to Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium standards, which drive reform in school leadership. From analysis of all written materials, themes emerged showing that students (a) grew more aware of gender stereotyping and its limiting effects, (b) sometimes changed their professional practice toward gender fairness, (c) became aware of gender discrimination and power differences on the basis of gender, and (d) developed heightened sensitivities to gender-biased language.
THE NEED FOR EXTENDED-RELEASE MEDICATIONS

Because of their relatively short duration of action, most benzodiazepine anxiolytics require multiple daily dosing (two to four times per day) to maintain a consistent therapeutic benefit. The need for multiple daily doses can lead to interdose anxiety or brief periods of excessive side effects. These difficulties can both precipitate and exacerbate poor compliance with prescribed regimens. A new extended-release formulation of alprazolam (alprazolam XR) consistently maintains drug concentrations within the therapeutic range during a 12- to 24-hour duration of action. The potential advantages of alprazolam XR include improved compliance, less interdose anxiety, and a reduced risk of side effects.
Identification of Suppressin-Producing Cells in the Rat Pituitary*

Suppressin (SPN) is a novel polypeptide that is synthesized and secreted by normal rat pituitary cells and a rat pituitary tumor cell line, GH3. Specifically, SPN is a negative regulator of growth that inhibits lymphoid and neuroendocrine cell proliferation. The objective of the present study was to identify the cells in the normal rat pituitary that produce SPN. A double immunofluorescence technique, using antibodies to SPN in conjunction with antibodies to the six major adenohypophyseal hormones, was used to colocalize SPN and a specific hormone in a single dispersed pituitary cell. The results of these experiments showed that, on the average, 42% of the cells in the pituitary produce SPN. Suppressin production in the pituitary was restricted to the adenohypophysis. The SPN-producing population in the pituitary was composed of somatotrophs, lactotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and mammosomatotrophs, while gonadotrophs did not produce SPN. Additionally, a PRL reverse hemolytic plaque assay was used to examine SPN production in lactotrophs. The results of these experiments showed that SPN production and the amount of PRL secreted covaried. Specifically, SPN production was observed primarily in non-PRL-secreting lactotrophs or in lactotrophs secreting a high amount of PRL. The results of these experiments suggest a potential regulatory relationship between the synthesis and secretion of SPN and PRL. In summary, this report provides the first identification of SPN-producing cells in the pituitary and shows that SPN production occurs primarily in somatotrophs and lactotrophs.
Two Nineteenth-Century Collectors-Curators Compared and Contrasted: General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers (1827–1900) and Augustus Wollaston Franks (1826–1897)

The careers of General Pitt-Rivers and A. W. Franks, two of the leading collectors-curators of the nineteenth century, are compared and contrasted. A brief account of their lives is followed by accounts of their relationshship, collaborations, scholarly work, and collecting, as well as a discussion of their ideas about museum display and documentation. Comparing them in this way helps to put each man’s career in perspective.
The use of Polaroid Land film in radioautography.

Abstract It is shown that Polaroid film may be used in place of X-ray film in many experiments employing radioautographic techniques. In 14C experiments, the sensitivity of PolaPan Type 57 film is at least comparable to that of X-ray film, while radioactive iodine results in a slight increase in sensitivity of the Polaroid film over X-ray film. Darkroom facilities and time-consuming developing procedures are not necessary when Polaroid film is used. The background exposure usually acquired by X-ray film is nonexistent with Polaroid film. Under certain circumstances the differentiation of isotopes is possible in double-isotope experiments.
Supporting the Integration of Technology into Contemporary Nursing Education

This article provides an overview of the challenges and strategies faced by educational administrators in planning, delivering, and evaluating technology services to today's nursing students and faculty. Academic technology uses, examples, and support suggestions are provided so that educational administrators can effectively choose appropriate technologies geared to meet their educational objectives. The challenge comes with deciding the intended educational outcomes, and designing the appropriate educational milieu. Administrators are reminded to look to central administration to coordinate and participate in technology planning.
Nucleation of alumina layers on TiC and cemented carbides by chemical vapor deposition

The nucleation of α-Al 2 O 3 on TiC and cemented carbides by chemical vapor deposition via hydrolysis of AlCl 3 has been studied as a function of various experimental parameters. Saturation densities of clusters from 10 5 cm −2 to 10 9 cm −2 were observed and are correlated with a “supersaturation” derived from the capillarity model.
Studies in acute iron poisoning. 3. The hemodynamic alterations in acute experimental iron poisoning.

Extract: One hour after administration of a lethal dose of ferrous sulfate into the intestine, 10 dogs sustained a sharp decline in cardiac output (mean 57%), a lesser reduction of arterial blood pressure (mean 17%), and a marked elevation of total peripheral resistance (mean 100%). Thereafter, the cardiac output decreased more rapidly than did blood pressure. Total peripheral resistance remained elevated until death.
Influence of Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Grafts on the in Vivo Uptake, Distribution, and Disappearance of [3H]Testosterone and [3H]Dihydrotestosterone by the Rat Prostate Lobes*

The effect of PRL-producing ectopic pituitary grafts on the in vivo uptake, distribution, and disappearance of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the rat prostate was examined to determine if the PRL-testosterone synergism is mediated through an alteration at any of these sites. Adult rats were castrated and treated with sc Silastic implants containing testosterone (∼1.75 ng/ml serum). At the same time, two pituitaries from female rats were grafted under the renal capsule of males; controls received muscle. Three weeks later, all animals were given iv injecions of [3H]testosterone, and at various time intervals afterwards, the ventral, dorsal, and lateral prostate lobes were removed and analyzed for total [3H]testosterone and [3H]DHT. The presence of the grafts resulted in an increase in lateral lobe weight and protein content, while the ventral and dorsal lobes of the engrafted rats were not different from those in controls. The prostatic accumulation of the pulse radioactivity was rapid, a...
The rate of convergence for backwards products of a convergent sequence of finite Markov matrices

Abstract Recent papers have shown that Π∞k = 1 P(k) = limm→∞ (P(m) ⋯ P(1)) exists whenever the sequence of stochastic matrices {P(k)}∞k = 1 exhibits convergence to an aperiodic matrix P with a single subchain (closed, irreducible set of states). We show how the limit matrix depends upon P(1). In addition, we prove that limm→∞ limn→∞ (P(n + m) ⋯ P(m + 1)) exists and equals the invariant probability matrix associated with P. The convergence rate is determined by the rate of convergence of {P(k)}∞k = 1 towards P. Examples are given which show how these results break down in case the limiting matrix P has multiple subchains, with {P(k)}∞k = 1 approaching the latter at a less than geometric rate.
Monoclonal antibody to DNA containing thymine glycol

Exposure of DNA to ionizing or near ultraviolet radiation modifies thymine to form ring-saturated products. One of the major products formed is 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol). Thymine glycol can also be selectively formed by oxidizing DNA with OsO4. We have isolated hybrids that produce monoclonal antibodies against thymine glycol by fusing mouse myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8-6.5.3) with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with OsO4-oxidized poly(dT) complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. This report describes the characterization of the antibody from one hybridoma using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody reacted with both single- and double-stranded DNA treated with OsO4, and with OsO4-treated poly(dA-dT) and poly(dT); it did not crossreact with unmodified or apurinic DNA. It also reacted with DNA treated with H2O2 or with gamma-rays at doses as low as 250 rad. We were able to detect 2 fmoles of thymine glycol in OsO4-treated DNA and could quantitate 1 thymine glycol per 220 000 thymines. Using the antibody and the ELISA, the formation and removal of thymine glycol was examined in cultures of African green monkey cells irradiated with 25 krad of gamma-rays. The antibody reactive sites produced by irradiation (8.5 per 10(6) thymines) were efficiently removed from the cellular DNA.
The effect of maternal position on uterine artery flow during antepartum fetal heart rate testing.

Summary Uterine artery flow-velocity waveforms obtained with continuous wave Doppler techniques during nonstress testing showed no difference between the left lateral decubitus position and the supine position, suggesting no difference in uterine blood flow. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:379-80.)
High-resolution index of refraction profiling of optical waveguides

A comparison is made between three high spatial resolution index of refraction profiling techniques:reflection-NSOM, microreflection and AFM plus selective chemical etching using the very small elliptical core of a polarization maintaining E-fiber from Andrew Corporation as a test waveguide.
Theoretical analysis of transition states in the exchange reaction of hydrogen and methane involving σ-bond metathesis

Silica supported zirconium hydride species are used to model heterogeneous catalysts for industrially-relevant reactions such as hydrogenation of paraffins. This work explores the exchange reaction between methane and hydrogen in the presence of a silica-supported zirconium or titanium hydride catalyst in order to determine the preferred transition state. Calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory are used to model two distinct pathways for the reaction. Orbital interactions are analyzed to elucidate the relative stability of the two transition states.
The effect of CO2 and non-CO2—generating buffers on cerebral acidosis after cardiac arrest: A 31P NMR study

There is controversy regarding the use of alkalinizing agents during reperfusion after cardiac arrest. The potential deleterious effects of sodium bicarbonate (bicarb) administration, including paradoxic cerebral acidosis, have led to the search for alternative agents. Tromethamine (tris) is a non-CO 2 –generating buffer that has been proposed for use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the ability of tris with bicarb to correct brain pH (pH B) during reperfusion after a 12-minute cardiac arrest. Adult mongrel dogs were instrumented and placed in the bore of a Bruker Biospec ® 1.89 tesla superconducting magnet system. Ventricular fibrillation was induced; after 12 minutes, cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated and maintained for two hours with minimum flows of 80 mL/kg/min. Bicarb (n = 5) or tris (n = 5) were administered to correct arterial pH as rapidly as possible. 31 P NMR spectra were obtained at baseline and throughout ischemia and reperfusion. The pH B was determined with the inorganic phosphate relative to the phosphocreatine resonance signal shift. Profile analysis indicates a difference between groups ( P 2 by cardiopulmonary bypass.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a novel selection method for sperm with normal frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies

Objective: To test a newly invented intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) sperm selection method based on sperm hyaluronic acid (HA) binding. Design: Comparison of chromosomal disomy and diploidy frequencies in sperm arising from semen and in HA-bound sperm. Setting: Academic andrology laboratory. Patient(s): Men presenting for semen analysis. Intervention(s): Washed sperm fractions of 32 semen samples were applied to Petri dishes or glass slides coated with immobilized HA. The unbound sperm were rinsed gently, and the HA-bound sperm were removed with an ICSI pipette. The control sperm population was the unselected sperm. Both HA-selected and unselected sperm were treated with fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric probes for the X, Y, and 17 chromosomes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Chromosomal disomy and diploidy frequencies. Result(s): In the HA-bound sperm (495‐2,079 per man, 41,670 in all) compared with unselected sperm (4,770 per man, 162,210 in all), the chromosomal disomy frequencies were reduced to 0.16% from 0.52%, diploidy to 0.09% from 0.51%, and sex chromosome disomy to 0.05% from 0.27% (a 5.4-fold reduction vs. 4-fold respective increase in ICSI offspring). Conclusion(s): The HA sperm selection method for ICSI, which is based on a relationship between sperm receptors for zona pellucida and HA, will likely reduce the potential genetic complications and adverse public health effects of ICSI. (Fertil Steril 2005;84:1665‐73. ©2005 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
Initial Stages of Mustard Action Upon Influenzal Toxicity and Infectivity.

Summary1. Sodium thiosulfate in concentrations of 0.2 M or less produced no observable effects upon viral toxicity and infectivity. 2. Intracerebral inoculation of 0.075 M or less of sodium thiosulfate was well tolerated by mice. 3. Admixture of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate with 5 × 10-4 M cyclo mustard resulted in detoxification of the latter. 4. A possibly greater rate of destruction of viral toxicity by mustard, as opposed to viral infectivity, seemed to occur in the early stages of mustard-virus interaction. 5. Inactivation of viral toxicity by mustard proved complete, but the loss was not demonstrable in the viral progeny derived from eggs infected with one ID50 of mustard-treated virus.
Dynamic contact stresses produced by the impact of an axisymmetrical projectile on an elastic half-space

Abstract The dynamic contact stresses between an axisymmetric projectile and an elastic half-space are obtained by solving three-dimensional equations of motion. These stresses are written as the sums of the Hertz contact stresses and wave-effect integrals. In terms of the contact radius, the Hertz theory is shown to be a good approximation in determining total applied force. However, for calculating the maximum radial surface stress at the maximum contact radius, the Hertz theory applies only when the contact time is longer than approximately 40 μsec. The discrepancy between the Hertz radial stress and the corresponding value obtained here is greater at the initial stage of impact than at the middle of the contact time.
High-Pressure CO2/CH4 Separation Using SAPO-34 Membranes

SAPO-34 membranes on stainless steel, tubular supports separated CO2 from CH4 at feed pressures up to 3.1 MPa. The highest CO2 permeance was 2.4 × 10-7 mol/(m2 s Pa) for a 50/50 feed mixture at a pressure drop of 0.14 MPa. For a pressure drop of 3 MPa, the CO2/CH4 separation selectivities at 253 K were 140−150; at lower pressure drops, the highest selectivity was 270. The highest CO2 flux was 21 kg/(m2 h) at 295 K and a pressure drop of 3 MPa. Separation selectivity decreased as temperature increased because separation was partly based on competitive adsorption. As transmembrane pressure drop increased, both CO2 flux and CO2 permeate concentration increased for a 50/50 mixture. The flux pressure dependence was modeled by Maxwell−Stefan diffusion for mixtures. Methane decreased the CO2 diffusion rate and, thus, decreased the CO2 flux. The CH4 flux was also lower in a mixture because CO2 inhibits CH4 adsorption.
Pre-mRNA Splicing Imprints mRNA in the Nucleus with a Novel RNA-Binding Protein that Persists in the Cytoplasm

We describe a novel RNA binding protein, Y14, a predominantly nuclear nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. Interestingly, Y14 associates preferentially with mRNAs produced by splicing but not with pre-mRNAs, introns, or mRNAs produced from intronless cDNAs. Y14 associates with both nuclear mRNAs and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNAs. Splicing of a single intron is sufficient for Y14 association. Y14-containing nuclear complexes are different from general hnRNP complexes. They contain hnRNP proteins and several unique proteins including the mRNA export factor TAP. Thus, Y14 defines novel intermediates in the pathway of gene expression, postsplicing nuclear preexport mRNPs, and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNPs, whose composition is established by splicing. These findings suggest that pre-mRNA splicing imprints mRNA with a unique set of proteins that persists in the cytoplasm and thereby communicates the history of the transcript.
An adjusted valence force field (AVFF) for polyatomic molecules

Abstract An empirical adjustment concept for valence force-type potential energy functions, called the adjusted valence force field (AVFF), is discussed. In this concept, bond—bond, bond—angle and angle—angle interactions about a given nonterminal atom are correlated with the corresponding principal valence force constants through a single weighting factor. Results obtained using the AVFF have been found to compare favorably with those derived using other types of vibrational potential energy functions. The application of the AVFF to selected gaseous tetrahedral MX 4 molecules is presented as a case in point.
The evolving practice of nuclear cardiology: Results from the 2011 ASNC member survey

Today’s imaging laboratories face challenges including reimbursement, prior authorization, and accreditation standards. The impact on the practice of nuclear cardiology in the United States is unknown. We conducted a survey of ASNC members to provide a snapshot of nuclear cardiology imaging laboratories in 2011. The survey identified practice patterns including personnel, volumes, protocols used, and laboratory characteristics. We employed random sampling methodology stratified geographically. The response rate was 19.5% (73/374 laboratories). A non-random survey conducted in 2001 of 25 laboratories served as a comparator. A total of 73 laboratories, representing 202 physicians and 177 technologists responded. The reported median procedural volume was 1,225 studies annually; 88.9% of laboratories were accredited. Compared with 2001, dual isotope imaging protocol use dropped from 72% to 15.6%. Five markers of quality were surveyed. Half of laboratories use the American College of Cardiology’s Appropriate Use Criteria, 61% used segmental scoring, and 32% provided guidance on post-test therapeutic management. 89% perform catheterization correlations while only 33% implemented radiation dose tracking. This survey of ASNC members provides critical information on nuclear cardiology practice to better target and service our members’ needs. These data can prove invaluable to target educational needs and inform healthcare policy of contemporary nuclear cardiology practice.
40 Gastric electrical stimulation for adolescents with intractable nausea and gastroparesis

Purpose: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been performed in adults as a treatment for refractory nausea and vomiting, in patients who have failed medical treatment. It has not been systematically applied to individuals less than 18 years old with this problem. Methods: Six patients, one male, five female with chronic nausea and vomiting with a mean age of 15 years (range 13–18), were evaluated with gastric emptying studies and cutaneous electrogastrograms (EGG) for temporary GES. All patients had idiopathic gastroparesis. Five patients subsequently underwent placement of a permanent GES device - four were done laparoscopically and one was open. Each patient had an intra operative EGG and in three patients, seromuscular biopsies from the stomach or jejunum were obtained as well. Symptoms were recorded at baseline, after temporary pacing and then after permanent pacing using a Likert scale (0–4 for each symptom with a total of 5 symptoms). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired student's t test and a value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: At baseline, all patients were symptomatic and most had delayed solid gastric emptying and abnormal EGG. As a group, there was a significant improvement in nausea (3.4 ± 0.4–1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.005), and combined symptoms score (11.3 ± 2.0–5.0 ± 1.5, p = 0.02). Gastric emptying and EGG values also improved. Biopsy was abnormal in 2 of 3 patients, showing diminished and abnormal Cajal cells in the two patients who had less improvement long term. Follow up ranged from 1–20 month, with an average of 9 month. Conclusions: GES can be successfully applied to adolescents with intractable nausea and gastroparesis symptoms. The role of the cells of Cajal in enteric motility needs investigation. Long term efficacy of this therapy in children needs to be established.
Dynamics of a Highly-Degenerate, Strongly-Interacting Fermi Gas of Atoms

We use all-optical methods to produce a highly-degenerate, Fermi gas of 6Li atoms near a Feshbach resonance, where strong interactions are predicted. In this regime, the zero-energy scattering length is larger than the interparticle spacing, and both the mean field energy and the collision rate take on universal forms as a consequence of unitarity and many-body interactions. Our experiments study universal hydrodynamic expansion of the gas and universal mean field interactions. By measuring the cloud radii of the trapped gas, we determine a universal parameter for strongly interacting two-component Fermi systems, the ratio of the mean field energy to the kinetic energy.
Soil organic amendment impacts on corn resistance to Helicoverpa zea: Constitutive or induced?

Abstract Earthworm produced compost or vermicompost has been shown to improve plant growth and productivity. Vermicompost amendment to the soil also results in plant resistance to arthropod pests. In the present study we used corn, Zea mays L., and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to investigate the effects of two vermicompost sources Oregon (OSC) and Raleigh (Ral) and previous feeding by H. zea larvae on the response and preference of immature and adult stages of the insect to corn plants. Results from our study show that Ral and OSC vermicompost were both effective in inducing corn antixenosis (non preference) and antibiosis (lower performance) resistance to H. zea that is effective against adult (decreased oviposition) and immature insect stages (lower immature weight gain and survival), respectively. We also found that previous conspecific induction appears to have a phagostimulatory effect on larval vermicompost leaf tissue consumption, especially for the Ral treatment. Conspecific induction also buffered the resistance effects of the vermicompost resulting in a stimulatory effect on oviposition by adults. The potential factors leading to the insect responses observed are discussed within the context of previous studies evaluating vermicompost-mediated resistance to pests.
Exploring the past

This essay argues that a management discipline that ignores its past fails to appreciate that present theories and methods are what they are by virtue of their repeated interaction with the past. To redress contemporary management’s seeming naivety in this regard, three points are established: the temporal nature of management analyses mandates adopting a contextual logic of explanation; history serves an indispensable methodological function; and the methods of nonhistorical research, as compared to those of “traditional” historical research, are no less problematic and possess no inherent superiority. In doing so, it is reasoned that an understanding of the historical structure underlying the management discipline is essential to fully comprehend the contemporary management enterprise and recognized that the “gift of professional maturity” comes only to those who know the history of their discipline.
Incoherency effects in clad relocation dynamics for LMFBR CDA analyses

Abstract Reactivity feedbacks owing to clad relocation during a core disruptive accident (CDA) are of primary importance in LMFBR safety. A calculation of these feedbacks would require a knowledge of clad dynamics. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the flooding phenomenon (which is relevant to clad dynamics) was carried out. The experimental data indicate that flooding velocities agree well with Wallis's correlation. An extension of this correlation to LMFBR conditions gave rise to a set of flow regime maps, which allow a first order estimate of cladding velocities and could be utilized for evaluating reactivity feedbacks.
The influence of direction setting tactics on success in organizational decision making

Abstract Cases describing organizational decisions were analyzed to determine how managers set directions that guide the decision making process. Four tactics were identified called problem, idea, target, and reframing. Decision adoption rates, decision merit, and time to carry out the decision making process were used to determine the success of each tactic, controlling for the effects of urgency, importance, and decision maker level. Tactics were found to have more influence on decision success than the contextual variables of urgency, importance, and level. Reframing was the most effective tactic under all conditions, but was the least frequently used by decision makers. Problem and idea tactics were the least successful, but were used more often than the other tactics. Problem tactics were much less successful when applied to urgent and important decisions. Targets were surprisingly successful in a crisis and for the more important decision.
Teaching E-journals: Building a Workshop for an Academic Health Sciences Library☆

Abstract Prompted by survey results from users of the University at Buffalo Health Sciences Library, the Coordinator of Information Management Education created a workshop about electronic journals (e-journals). Common reference questions regarding accessing and using e-journals led to the development of specific course objectives. The workshop focused on the commonly held myths surrounding e-journals, and the recommended methods for accessing journals through the University at Buffalo Libraries. This article details the process of building the workshop and suggests reasons and methods for implementing similar instructional opportunities in other libraries. Serials Review 2002; 28:88–92.
The impact of structural diversity and parameterization on maps of the protein universe

Low dimensional maps of protein structure space (MPSS) provide a powerful global representation of all proteins. In such mappings structural relationships are depicted through spatial adjacency of points, each of which represents a molecule. MPSS can help in understanding the local and global topological characteristics of the structure space, as well as elucidate structure-function relationships within and between sets of proteins. A number of meta- and method-dependent parameters are involved in creating MPSS. However, at the state-of-the-art, a systematic investigation of the influence of these parameters on MPSS construction has yet to be carried out. Further, while specific cases in which MPSS out-perform pairwise distances for prediction of functional annotations have been noted, no general explanation for this phenomenon has yet been advanced. We address the above questions within the technical context of creating MPSS by utilizing multidimensional scaling (MDS) for obtaining low-dimensional projections of structure alignment distances. MDS is demonstrated as an effective method for construction of MPSS where related structures are co-located, even when their functional and evolutionary proximity cannot be deduced from distributions of pairwise comparisons alone. In particular, we show that MPSS exceed pairwise distance distributions in predictive capability for those annotations of shared function or origin which are characterized by a high level of structural diversity. We also determine the impact of the choice of structure alignment and MDS algorithms on the accuracy of such predictions.
Observations of a Unique Type of ULF Wave by Low-Altitude Space Technology 5 Satellites

We report a unique type of ULF waves observed by low-altitude Space Technology 5 (ST-5) constellation mission. ST-5 is a three micro-satellite constellation deployed into a 300 x 4500 km, dawn-dusk, and sun synchronous polar orbit with 105.6deg inclination angle. Due to the Earth s rotation and the dipole tilt effect, the spacecraft s dawn-dusk orbit track can reach as low as subauroral latitudes during the course of a day. Whenever the spacecraft traverse across the dayside closed field line region at subauroral latitudes, they frequently observe strong transverse oscillations at 30-200 mHz, or in the Pc 2-3 frequency range. These Pc 2-3 waves appear as wave packets with durations in the order of 5-10 minutes. As the maximum separations of the ST-5 spacecraft are in the order of 10 minutes, the three ST-5 satellites often observe very similar wave packets, implying these wave oscillations occur in a localized region. The coordinated ground-based magnetic observations at the spacecraft footprints, however, do not see waves in the Pc 2-3 band; instead, the waves appear to be the common Pc 4-5 waves associated with field line resonances. We suggest that this unique Pc 2-3 waves seen by ST-5 are in fact the Doppler-shifted Pc 4-5 waves as a result of rapid traverse of the spacecraft across the resonant field lines azimuthally at low altitudes. The observations with the unique spacecraft dawn-disk orbits at proper altitudes and magnetic latitudes reveal the azimuthal characteristics of field-aligned resonances.
Hereditary opalescent dentine.

Abstract The patients reported demonstrate hereditary opalescent dentine not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. This condition is not as rare as the literature would lead one to suspect. The anomaly is easily recognized by the peculiar opalescent purple-brown color of the teeth, few carious lesions, extreme attrition, and by the characteristic roentgenologic findings of calcified pulp chambers and malproportion of root and crown size. When these patients are encountered, there are two methods of treatment, i.e., the placing of jacket crowns on the teeth, or extraction and replacement by complete dentures. The latter method is usually indicated because of the usual poor root support, a tendency to abscess formation without severe caries, and especially for economic reasons. The patients should be warned of the hereditary nature of this condition.
Public Versus Private Mobility for Low-Income Households: Transit Improvements Versus Increased Car Ownership in the Sacramento, California, Region

Empirical studies have shown that welfare recipients who own cars have a high probability of moving from welfare to work. A travel demand model adopted by the Sacramento, California, Area Council of Governments was used to examine the possible impacts of car ownership promotion versus transit improvements on job accessibility, work trips, and traveler benefits at the system level. In the car scenario, the zero-car households that were assigned a car had higher job accessibility and larger positive changes in traveler benefits than those in the base case scenario. The other households had lower traveler benefits, compared with the base case, because of slight increases in congestion. In the transit scenario, all households had gains in traveler benefits, and the households without a car gained more than those with a car. The households without a car gained more in traveler benefits in the transit scenario than in the car scenario. The total gain in traveler benefits was higher in the transit scenario. In both scenarios, the changes in total travel time, congestion, and vehicle miles traveled were small, but mode shares changed substantially.
“. . and besides, I probably couldn't have made a difference anyway”: Justification of Social Dilemma Defection via Perceived Self-Inefficacy

Prior theory on prosocial behavior has suggested that, when we act uncooperatively for other reasons, we may justify that uncooperativeness by telling ourselves that “. . . I probably couldn't have made a difference anyway,” that is, by minimizing the efficacy of our cooperative actions. A pair of experiments examined this question in the context of social dilemmas, where there are always clear disincentives to cooperate. In Experiment 1, it was found that making these disincentives stronger not only decreased cooperation, but also decreased group members' sense that acting cooperatively was efficacious for enhancing the group's welfare. An alternative explanation to a defensive, self-justification explanation for the latter finding was then identified. The results of Experiment 2 ruled out this alternative explanation as well as providing additional evidence for a justification-via-inefficacy effect. The implications of such defensive processes for cooperation in social dilemmas are discussed.
Dynamics of the Kirchhoff equations I: coincident centers of gravity and buoyancy

Abstract We study the Kirchhoff equations for a rigid body immersed in an incompressible, irrotational, inviscid fluid in the case that the centers of buoyancy and gravity coincide. The resulting dynamical equations form a non-canonical Hamiltonian system with a six-dimensional phase space, which may be reduced to a four-dimensional (two-degree-of-freedom, canonical) system using the two Casimir invariants of motion. Restricting ourselves to ellipsoidal bodies, we identify several completely integrable subcases. In the general case, we analyze existence, linear and nonlinear stability, and bifurcations of equilibria corresponding to steady translations and rotations, including mixed modes involving simultaneous motion along two body axes, some of which we show can be stable. By perturbing from the axisymmetric, integrable case, we show that slightly asymmetric ellipsoids are typically non-integrable, and we investigate their dynamics with a view to using motions along homo- and -heteroclinic orbits to execute specific maneuvers in autonomous underwater vehicles.
Gastroduodenostomy: An answer to the difficult duodenal stump

Abstract A technic is described for the treatment of the “difficult” duodenal stump. It uses the stomach remnant with its rather healthy tissue to “close” the duodenal stump, no matter how short its cuff and to what degree the tissue texture had been changed by the underlying disease process. This technic eliminates an unsafe closure of the duodenum and a catheter duosenostomy with their associated mortality and morbidity. Its application in ten typical cases resulted in postoperative courses free of mortality and morbidity related to the gastroduodenostomy.
The effect of configuration interaction on (3d)5 systems in cubic crystalline fields

Abstract The effects of electronic configuration interaction on the energy levels of (3d) 5 systems in cubic crystalline fields have been calculated. The results indicate that configuration interactions contribute to the energy an amount comparable to that from ligand screening, spin—orbit interaction, and crystal fields of lower symmetry for (3d) 5 systems.
Thought processes underlying preschool teachers’ classroom decisions

Teachers’ classroom actions are driven by their perceptions and beliefs. To understand the basis of teachers actions, their thought processes need to be studied. This study observed preschool teachers’ thoughts related to decision‐making in the classroom. Four preschool teachers were observed four times each for periods of from 40 to 60 minutes. They were later interviewed regarding their thoughts during the decision‐making process. The statements regarding their thoughts were dichotomized into value beliefs and scientific concepts. They were also organized into twelve categories according to the content of their thoughts. It was found that these teachers generated a greater variety of beliefs and concepts than had primary teachers studied earlier, with fewer of them held in common. Most of the teachers’ concerns were with moving the classroom along as compared with achieving the goals of the programs.
Cardiac fibroma in a neonate

A 1-week-old boy with a prenatal diagnosis of a cardiac mass underwent a cardiac MRI examination, which showed a large mass arising from the lateral wall of the left ventricle. This mass was isointense on T1-W and slightly hyperintense on T2-W images compared to the adjacent myocardium. On post-contrast dynamic MRI, the mass showed no substantial contrast enhancement on the early phase image (Fig. 1, arrows). On the delayed image, avid peripheral contrast enhancement (Fig. 2, arrows) of the mass with a hypointense core is seen (curved arrow). Cardiac fibroma is the second most common childhood cardiac tumor [1]. Although benign, patients may become symptomatic due to arrhythmias, valvular dysfunction, or blood flow obstruction. Cardiac fibromas are firm masses
Inferences about correlations

The study examined intuitive inferences about population correlations on the basis of samples of data from the populations. The Ss saw samples of bivariate observations, inferred the signs of the population correlations, and stated their confidence in the inferences. Optimality of inferences and of confidence both increased as the magnitude of the sample correlations increased.
Exposure of Cryptic Domains in the α1-chain of Laminin-1 by Elastase Stimulates Macrophages Urokinase and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression

Degradation of the extracellular matrix leads to the release of fragments, which elicit biological responses distinct from intact molecules. We have reported that α1:Ser2091–Arg2108, a peptide derived from the α1-chain of laminin-1, triggers protein kinase C-dependent activation of MAPKerk1/2, leading to the up-regulation of macrophage urokinase type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression. Since intact laminin-1 failed to trigger these events, we hypothesized that α1:Ser2091–Arg2108 is cryptic or assumes a conformation not recognized by macrophages. Here we demonstrate that elastase cleavage of laminin-1 generates fragments, which stimulate proteinase expression by RAW264.7 macrophages and peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, fragments generated by MMP-2, MMP-7, or plasmin had no effect on macrophage proteinase expression. Elastase-generated laminin-1 fragments were fractionated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Heparin-binding fragments stimulated macrophages' proteinase expression severalfold greater than nonbinding fragments. The heparin binding fragments reacted with antibodies directed against regions of the α1-chain including α1:Ser2091–Arg2108 and the globular domain. A peptide from the first loop of the globular domain (α1:Ser2179–Ser2198) triggered the phosphorylation of MAPKerk1/2 and stimulated the expression of macrophage urokinase type plasminogen activator and MMP-9. Moreover, a heparin-binding fraction isolated from an aortic aneurysm contained fragments of α1-chain and stimulated macrophages' proteinase expression. Based on these data, we conclude that cryptic domains in the COOH-terminal portion of the α1-chain of laminin are exposed by proteolysis and stimulate macrophages' proteinase expression.
Ranking: Compare, don't score

The need to rank items based on user input arises in many practical applications such as elections, group-decision making and recommendation systems. The primary challenge in such scenarios is to decide a global ranking based on partial preferences provides by users. The standard approach to address this challenge is to ask users to provide explicit numerical ratings (cardinal information) of a subset of items. The main appeal of such an approach is the ease of aggregation. However, the rating scale as well as the individual ratings are often arbitrary and may not be consistent from one user to another. A more natural alternative to numerical ratings requires users to compare pairs of items (ordinal information). In contrast to cardinal information, such comparisons provide an “absolute” indicator of the user's preference. However, it is often hard to combine or aggregate comparisons to obtain a consistent global ranking. In this work, we provide a tractable framework for utilizing comparison data as well as first-order marginal information for the purpose of ranking. We treat the available information as partial samples from an unknown distribution over permutations. Using the Principle of Maximum Entropy, we devise a concise parameterization of distribution consistent with observations using only O(n2) parameters, where n is the number of items in question. We propose a distributed, iterative algorithm for estimating the parameters of the distribution. We establish the correctness of the algorithm as well as identify the rate of convergence explicitly. Using the learnt distribution, we provide efficient approach to (a) learn the mode of the distribution using ‘maximum weight matching’, (b) identification of top k items, and (c) an aggregate ranking of all n items. Through evaluation of our approach on real-data, we verify effectiveness of our solutions as well as the scalability of the algorithm.
Dynamic hybrid control of cooperating robots by nonlinear inversion

Abstract The manipulation of a rigid object by two cooperating robots is considered. If only the position of the object is of interest, the inverse dynamic problem is redundant, because the number of available actuators exceeds the number of degrees of freedom of the object. Introducing the internal force developed in the object as a controlled quantity removes this redundancy. In the present formulation the system is viewed as a closed mechanical chain, but with elastic restraint between the object and the hands of the robots. The inclusion of this compliance in the mathematical model makes it possible to have the internal force as an output of the system and to solve the inverse dynamic problem taking it into account. A solution is derived based on nonlinear inversion. It is shown that the system has relative or tracking order four, and a left-inverse system, which has as input the object position and the internal force and as output the actuator torques, is constructed.