cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Edema Attenuation and Sphingosine- 1-Phosphate

Introduction: Myocardial edema contributed to cardiac dysfunction in different clinical circumstances. The precise pathophysiology of myocardial edema and therapeutic interventions that target it have remained largely unexplored. The lysophospholipid, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) has been shown to decrease edema in the lung through modulation of pulmonary endothelial barrier function. We apply this agent to an isolated rat heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and examine its effects on subsequent myocardial edema formation. Methods: 18 isolated male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were used in this experiment. 3 served as nonischemic controls, 7 served as ischemic controls and 8 served as the intervention group. A 20 minute ischemic period was applied to all groups except the non-ischemic controls. In the intervention group, the rat hearts were given a 30mL bolus of 10nM S1P prior to ischemia. After completion, heart were histologically analyzed to evaluate the extent of myocardial edema. Results: In the non-ischemic controls there was 13.65% (+/- 0.73%) extracellular area and 84.56% (+/- 0.89%) intracellular area. In the ischemic controls there was 24.50% (+/- 3.92%) extracellular area and 74.11% (+/- 3.90%) intracellular area. In the S1P treatment group, there was 21.55% (+/- 2.6%) extracellular area and 76.77% (+/- 2.70%) intracellular area. These differences did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this experimental design we observed a non-significant trend in histologic myocardial edema in the S1P treatment group. We also observed a correlated trend in improved myocardial function in the S1P treatment group. Cardiovascular Journal Volume 6, No. 1, 2013, Page 47-51 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i1.16115
Effectiveness and performance of a catalyst pellet with bimodal kinetics

A theoretical analysis of the performance of a bimodal catalyst pellet which contains two different active components exhibiting different kinetics is presented in this paper. The isothermal interphase-intraphase effectiveness of such bimodal catalysts with a bimolecular Langmir type kinetics (i.e. noble metal) and a first order kinetics (i.e. base metal oxide) is coupled with the continuity equation for a fixed bed reactor and a continuously stirred tank catalytic reactor. The catalysts with mixed mode kinetics exhibit a behaviour that is less affected by concentration changes than the single component catalyst. Reactor performance depends on the noble metal fraction but not in direct proportion. Thus in some cases conversion reaches high levels at fractional values of noble metal loadings which would in theory allow for equivalent performance with savings in noble metal component. On presente une analyse theorique de la performance d'une granule bimodale de catalyseur, qui comporte deux composants actifs differents ayant chacun sa cinetique propre. L'efficacite isotherme d'un tel catalyseur dans le cas ou les deux cinetiques sont d'une part celle d'un processus bimoleculaire de type Langmuir (par exemple pour un metal noble) et d'autre part une cinetique d'ordre un (par exemple pour un oxyde) a ete couplee avec l'equation de continuite pour un reacteur a lit fixe et un reacteur agite a alimentation continue. Les catalyseurs mixtes a deux cinetiques, ont un comportement qui est moins affecte par les changements de concentration que ceux qui ne comportent qu'un seul composant. La performance du reacteur depend de la proportion du metal noble mais pas de facon proportionnelle. Par consequent, dans certains cas, la conversion atteint des niveaux eleves pour des valuers intermediaires de la proportion du metal noble, ce qui en theorie devrait permettre une performance equivalente tout en economisant sur la quantite du metal noble utilisee.
Ethics, Evaluation, and the Secondary Principal

The biases principals hold can affect the quality of teacher evaluations. This writer provides five "commandments" designed to help principals develop a sound basis for professional ethics.
Multiplexor And Sensor System Tradeoff Study

The influence of certain sensor parameters on the accuracy of information extracted from satellite image data is studied, using a digital processing flow to simulate the effects of the sensor parameters. The method employed was to select representative images; scan and digitize them; process the digital data to simulate the effects of presampling filters, instantaneous field of view (IFOV) size and shape, sampling rates, noise, and word length; record the processed data on film; evaluate the film images; and draw conclusions from the evaluations. The study showed that presampling filters are not required to suppress aliasing, that the choice of square and circular IFOV shapes is not important, and that increased horizontal and vertical sampling rates produce an increase in apparent resolution. Work with low-contrast targets revealed a definite maximum in the tradeoff between IFOV size and SNR.
Should endolymphatic sac tumors be considered part of the von Hippel-Lindau complex? Pathology case report.

OBJECTIVE: Von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease is an inherited disorder characterized by numerous cystic and solid neoplasms. Because of the recent identification of the vHL gene, other investigators have demonstrated genetic mutations in this gene in several of the neoplasms associated with the disease. We describe a patient with an endolymphatic sac (ELS) tumor and vHL disease. The purpose of this study was to identify a similar genetic mutation within the vHL gene of the ELS tumor. METHODS: Using the patient's archival pathological slides, neoplastic cells were microdissected to yield a purely neoplastic cell population. The deoxyribonucleic acid of these cells was then extracted and amplified via polymerase chain reaction. After sufficient amplification, the specimen was analyzed on a single-strand conformation polymorphism gel system to detect putative changes in the base sequence. RESULTS: Single-strand conformation polymorphism gel system analysis yielded two bands representing the two single strands of deoxyribonucleic acid that were amplified. The upper band of the specimen was shifted down (compared with controls), representing a conformational change as a result of genetic mutation. CONCLUSION: ELS tumors are uncommon, and, to our knowledge, only seven cases associated with vHL disease have been reported in the literature. Although this association has been previously mentioned, no definitive studies have linked the two together. We report the eighth case of ELS tumor and vHL disease. We have demonstrated through molecular biological techniques, that, in our patient's tumor, a genetic mutation occurred, and that this mutation is similar to mutations previously reported in other neoplasms associated with vHL. We therefore suggest that ELS tumors be considered among the neoplasms associated with vHL.
Anomalous coronary arteries: cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography for surgical decisions and planning.

Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) provides an understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) coronary artery anatomy in relation to cardiovascular thoracic structures important to the surgical management of anomalous coronary arteries (ACAs). Although some ACA variants are not clinically significant, others can lead to ischemia/infarction, related acute ventricular dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The CCTA is important to surgical decision making, as it provides noninvasive visualization of the coronary arteries with (1) assessment of origin, course, and termination of coronary artery anomalies in the context of 3D thoracic anatomy, (2) characterization of anatomy helpful for differentiation of benign versus hemodynamically significant variants, (3) identification of other cardiothoracic anomalies, and (4) detection of coronary artery disease. High-risk ACA anatomy in the appropriate clinical setting can require surgical intervention with decisions includin...
Photonic crystals for communications: stopping light and miniaturized non-reciprocal devices

We highlight some of the new possibilities of photonic crystal for optical communication applications, including stopping, storage, and time-reversal of light, as well as miniaturized non-reciprocal devices.
Temperature Dependence of Electric Field Gradients in Noncubic Metals

Temperature dependence of the nuclear quadrupole frequency, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{Q}$, of noncubic metals has been studied theoretically. It is shown that the electronic contribution to the field gradient is largely responsible for the observed ${T}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ behavior. The conclusions are general and apply to all noncubic metals.
Religious Distance Education Goes Online.

This chapter examines a variety of electronic distance education tools used by religious organizations.
The effect of multidrug chemotherapy on bone graft augmented prosthesis fixation

Use of combination adjuvant chemotherapies have improved the disease free survival rate of tumor patients significantly. However, studies have shown that chemotherapeutic agents have negative effects on bone graft incorporation and fixation of porous-coated prostheses needed for reconstruction of bone defects after wide resection of malignant tumors. Unilateral resection of a 6-cm segment of the femoral diaphysis and reconstruction with a porous-coated segmental prosthesis was performed in eight mixed-breed dogs under perioperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. Eight strips of autogenous cortical bone were evenly placed around the junctions between the femur and the prosthetic surface. Autogenous cancellous bone was placed under and between the strips of cortical bone. Two cycles of the chemotherapy were given preoperatively, and three cycles postoperatively. The animals were followed for 12 weeks, with sequential assessments of weight-bearing and radiographic evaluation. Biomechanical, histological, and microradiographic analyses of the retrieved specimens were performed. Doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy showed a significant effect on new bone formation as seen in reduced callus size and lower ultimate strength of extracortical fixation. However, the onlay corticocancellous grafting method provided better biologic fixation of the prosthesis compared with fixation without any bone grafting under non-chemotherapy condition in a previous study. Extracortical bone grafting is an effective modality for implant fixation even under intensive chemotherapy.
Local jet impingement boiling heat transfer

This study focuses on some of the fundamental issues that influence boiling heat transfer to a free-surface, planar jet of water. Local boiling curves are presented at several streamwise distances from the stagnation line, while streamwise distributions of the surface temperature and convection coefficient are presented for representative heat fluxes. The position downstream of the stagnation line strongly influences heat transfer in the single-phase convection regime, has no appreciable effect on fully-developed nucleate boiling, but does influence the extent of the partial boiling regime. The effect of jet velocity on heat transfer is most pronounced in the single-phase and partial boiling regimes, where convective transport is dominated by the hydrodynamics of the bulk flow, and not by evaporation or bubble motion. Within the fully-developed boiling regime, the convective transport is dominated by evaporation and intense mixing induced by bubbles leaving the surface, and heat transfer is insensitive to jet velocity.
Recovery from ECS-produced amnesia

Sixty-four naive male albino rats were trained to leverpress for sucrose using a discrete trial procedure. Half of the Ss were trained on a continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) and the other half were trained on a fixed ratio schedule (FR). Following acquisition, for half of the Ss in each group a leverpress produced footshock followed by ECS, and for the remaining Ss a leverpress produced footshock only. Half of the Ss in each group were tested 24 h after treatment; for the remaining Ss testing was delayed for 10 days. Results showed that suppression of the leverpress response due to footshock was reduced by the ECS, regardless of acquisition reinforcement schedule, for Ss tested 24 h after treatment. For Ss tested 10 days after treatment, there was apparent spontaneous recovery of the conditioned emotional response (CER), since there were no differences between the shock-only and shock-plus-ECS groups. Results further showed no recovery of the partial reinforcement effect (PRE).
Late stages of ordering of thin polymer films on chemically heterogeneous substrates: energetics and metastability

By a direct numerical integration of the dynamical evolution equations, we study phase separation of thin polymer blend films in two-dimensional models. The focus of our work is on the late-time morphology of the films. We first investigate morphological transitions in a thin film on a flat, homogeneous substrate. In particular, we probe the transition between a completely wetting and a partially wetting surface morphology. This transition is controlled by a competition between surface interactions and the interfacial energy in a thin film. This competition becomes even more pronounced when a chemically patterned substrate is used. For films cast on a patterned substrate, we consider several different substrate pattern widths and surface interaction strengths in our simulations. We also probe effects of thermal fluctuations on the late-time film morphology by carrying out simulations to many different final quench temperatures. Along with quench simulations, we further study film morphology by slow cooling the film from an initial high temperature. Comparing the morphology of films for a quench case to a slow-cooling case, we identify possible barriers to reaching equilibrium in experimental situations under a quench.
Two biomedical sublanguages: a description based on the theories of Zellig Harris

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have been developed to provide access to the tremendous body of data and knowledge that is available in the biomedical domain in the form of natural language text. These NLP systems are valuable because they can encode and amass the information in the text so that it can be used by other automated processes to improve patient care and our understanding of disease processes and treatments. Zellig Harris proposed a theory of sublanguage that laid the foundation for natural language processing in specialized domains. He hypothesized that the informational content and structure form a specialized language that can be delineated in the form of a sublanguage grammar. The grammar can then be used by a language processor to capture and encode the salient information and relations in text. In this paper, we briefly summarize his language and sublanguage theories. In addition, we summarize our prior research, which is associated with the sublanguage grammars we developed for two different biomedical domains. These grammars illustrate how Harris' theories provide a basis for the development of language processing systems in the biomedical domain. The two domains and their associated sublanguages discussed are: the clinical domain, where the text consists of patient reports, and the biomolecular domain, where the text consists of complete journal articles.
Effect of clinical procedures on mandibular position

Abstract Various stimuli were imposed on subjects to determine the effect of the stimuli on mandibular movements. Results indicate that the nature and location of the stimuli had an effect on the nature and direction of the movements of the mandible. The results were discussed in relation to past research and clinical findings.
Circular Waveguide with Sinusoidally Perturbed Walls

Uniform second-order asymptotic expansions are obtained for the propagation of TM waves in a perfectly conducting circular waveguide with sinusoidally perturbed walls using the method of multiple scales. The analysis concerns the interaction of two propagating modes satisfying the resonance condition imposed by the periodicity of the waveguide walls. Two cases of resonance are treated as well as the case of decoupled modes. In the first case resonance occurs whenever the difference between the wavenumbers of the two interacting modes is nearly equal to the wall wavenumber, while in the second case the difference is nearly equal to twice the wall wavenumber. The results of the theory are then applied to the design of a mode coupler.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the esophagus.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the esophagus has been very rarely reported in literature. Herein, we report a case of a successful surgically treated malignant solitaryfibroustumor of the esophagus. A 36-year-old womanwas admittedat our hospital with an erroneousultrasound-based diagnosis of cervico-mediastinal goiter. Surprisingly, the preoperative diagnostic work-up, including a computed tomographic chest scan, endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography, revealed a pedunculated intraluminal mass in the esophagus. The tumor was radically removed through left antero—lateral cervicotomy. Pathologic and immunohistochemical examination was concludedfor a malignant SFT, a rare variant not previously described in relation to the esophagus. The patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and is alive with no signs of tumor recurrence 32 months after surgery. # 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Uprooting and replacing positivism, the melting pot, multiculturalism, and other impotent notions in educational leadership through an African American perspective

This article plumbs the depths of the fundamental grounding upon which educational leadership has been founded. It critically examines the traditional notions of positivism and rational-linear thinking that have served to guide practice in American schools. The article further interrogates modernist concepts of the melting pot and multiculturalism through an African American and critical theoretical voice. Finally, this article offers a postmodernist perspective grounded in spirituality that welcomes the bringing of the whole self to the work of school leadership and offers the most hope in constructing schools in the future that celebrate and exercise democracy, equity, and social justice.
Relating and Clustering Free/Libre Open Source Software Projects and Developers: A Social Network Perspective

In this article a perspective of relating various Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects and linking different FLOSS developers is given. Specifically, by viewing projects and developers as characterized by their choices of features such as intended audiences, licenses, programming languages, operating systems, and topics, two-mode networks are generated to link projects (or developers) to their feature choices. Based on the generated networks, similarities among projects and among developers are calculated, and projects (or developers) are clustered through their measured similarities. Implication to this perspective can be the provision of project and developer recommendation services to extend developers' social networks beyond their participated projects and also to facilitate the sharing of information. This perspective also opens the possibility of discovering free software ideologists in FLOSS community.
Animal models for acquired bone marrow failure syndromes.

Bone marrow failure is a disease characterized by a drastic decline in the marrow’s functional ability to produce mature blood cells. Aplastic anemia, a disease in which patients have essentially empty bone marrow accompanied by severe anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, presents a paradigm for bone marrow failure. Damage to the marrow may first result from exposure to toxic chemicals, drug overdose, radiation, and viral infection; however, it is the extended immune-mediated reaction that causes massive destruction of hematopoietic cells and leads to marrow hypoplasia and peripheral pancytopenia. In recent years, animal models of acquired bone marrow failure syndromes have helped to strengthen our understanding of the mechanisms causing bone marrow failure. In this review, animal models for bone marrow failure are summarized by two groups: 1) bone marrow failure induced by toxic chemicals and drugs such as benzene, busulfan, and chloramphenicol, and radiation, and 2) models developed by an immune-related mechanism such as viral infection or foreign lymphocyte infusion.
Multisensory Encoding, Decoding, and Identification

We investigate a spiking neuron model of multisensory integration. Multiple stimuli from different sensory modalities are encoded by a single neural circuit comprised of a multisensory bank of receptive fields in cascade with a population of biophysical spike generators. We demonstrate that stimuli of different dimensions can be faithfully multiplexed and encoded in the spike domain and derive tractable algorithms for decoding each stimulus from the common pool of spikes. We also show that the identification of multisensory processing in a single neuron is dual to the recovery of stimuli encoded with a population of multisensory neurons, and prove that only a projection of the circuit onto input stimuli can be identified. We provide an example of multisensory integration using natural audio and video and discuss the performance of the proposed decoding and identification algorithms.
CD5 positive immunoregulatory B cells in spleen populations from multiple myeloma patients

CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes constitute a minority of peripheral blood B cells. In view of the importance of these cells in the pathogenesis of the immunoregulation of myeloma, their incidence in another lymphoid organ was determined. CD5+ B cells were studied in 9 spleens from patients with multiple myeloma and in 10 spleens from normal individuals removed secondary to trauma. The total number of CD19+ B cells were increased in myeloma spleens (44.4% +/- 12.6%) as compared to normal spleens (20.4% +/- 7.4%). Likewise, the percentage of CD19 cells which co-expressed CD5 were increased in myeloma (25.3% +/- 12.4%) versus normal (4.4% +/- 2.3%) spleen. CD5+ B cells isolated from myeloma spleens, but not normal spleens, inhibit production of immunoglobulin in a pokeweed mitogen driven assay. Thus the spleen appears to be an important source of immunoregulatory B cells in multiple myeloma.
Apolipoprotein E Knockout as the Basis for Mouse Models of Dyslipidemia-Induced Neuropathy

Dyslipidemia has been identified as an important pathogenic risk factor for diabetic neuropathy, but current animal models do not adequately reproduce the lipid profile observed in human diabetics (increased triglycerides with an elevated LDL-cholesterol and reduced HDL-cholesterol). High fat feeding of mice produces hyperlipidemia, but mice are resistant to increases in the LDL to HDL ratio, reducing the potential for peripheral lipid deposits to impact neuropathy, as is postulated to occur in human subjects. Genetic manipulations provide an alternative approach to reproducing a neuropathic plasma lipid profile. Based on findings from the atherosclerosis literature, we began with knockout of ApoE. Since knockout of ApoE alone only partially mimics the human diabetic lipid profile, we examined the impact of its combination with a well-characterized model of type 2 diabetes exhibiting neuropathy, the db/db mouse. We added further gene manipulations to increase hyperlipidemia by using mice with both ApoE and ApoB48 knockout on the ob/+ (leptin mutation) mice. In all of these models, we found that either the db/db or ob/ob genotypes had increased body weight, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and evidence of neuropathy compared with the control groups (db/+ or ob/+, respectively). We found that ApoE knockout combined with leptin receptor knockout produced a lipid profile most closely modeling human dyslipidemia that promotes neuropathy. ApoE knockout combined with additional ApoB48 and leptin knockout produced similar changes of smaller magnitude, but, notably, an increase in HDL-cholesterol. Our data suggest that the overall effects of ApoE knockout, either directly upon nerve structure and function or indirectly on lipid metabolism, are insufficient to significantly alter the course of diabetic neuropathy. Although these models ultimately do not deliver optimal lipid profiles for translational diabetic neuropathy research, they do present glycemic and lipid profile properties of value for future therapeutic investigations.
Increased expression of L-selectin (CD62L) in high-grade urothelial carcinoma: A potential marker for metastatic disease ☆

Abstract Introduction L-Selectin (CD62L) is a vascular adhesion molecule constitutively expressed on leukocytes with a primary function of directing leukocyte migration and homing of lymphocytes to lymph nodes. In a gene expression microarray study comparing laser-captured microdissected high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) without prior treatment and low-grade bladder cancer (LGBC) human samples, we found CD62L to be the highest differentially expressed gene. We sought to examine the differential expression of CD62L in MIBCs and its clinical relevance. Methods Unfixed fresh and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human bladder cancer specimens and serum samples were obtained from the University of Connecticut Health Center tumor bank. Tumor cells were isolated from frozen tumor tissue sections by laser-captured microdissected followed by RNA isolation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the level of CD62L transcripts. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate the CD62L protein localization and expression level. Flow cytometry was used to identify the relative number of cells expressing CD62L in fresh tumor tissue. In silico studies were performed using the Oncomine database. Results Immunostaining showed a uniformly higher expression of CD62L in MIBC specimens vs. LGBCs specimens. Further, CD62L localization was seen in foci of metastatic tumor cells in lymph node specimens from patients with high-grade MIBC and known nodal involvement. Up-regulated expression of CD62L was also observed by flow cytometric analysis of freshly isolated tumor cells from biopsies of high-grade cancers vs. LGBC specimens. Circulating CD62L levels were also found to be higher in serum samples from patients with high-grade metastatic vs. high-grade nonmetastatic MIBC. In addition, in silico analysis of Oncomine Microarray Database showed a significant correlation between CD62L expression and tumor aggressiveness and clinical outcomes. Conclusion These data confirm the expression of CD62L on urothelial carcinoma cells and suggest that CD62L may serve as biomarker to predict the presence of or risk for developing metastatic disease in patients with bladder cancer.
Evidence-based software production

"…[S]oftware remains NIT's [Networking and Information Technology] greatest weakness. Although reliable and robust software is central to activities throughout society, much software is brittle, full of bugs and flaws. Software development remains a labor-intensive process in which delays and cost overruns are common, and responding to installed software's errors, anomalies, vulnerabilities, and lack of interoperability is costly to organizations throughout the U.S. economy." "…[T]he science of software development must be a focus of Federal NIT R&D. As software's complexity continues to rise, today's design, development, and management problems will become intractable unless fundamental breakthroughs are made…"[2]Current understanding of software development---largely based on anecdotes---is inadequate for this "science of software development." Achieving the deeper understanding needed to transform software production requires collecting and using evidence on a large scale. This paper proposes some steps toward that outcome.
Theory and measurement for a dual-shaped reflector antenna for a whispering-gallery-mode gyrotron

A dual-shaped dual-reflector synthesis technique is applied to the design of a reflector antenna system for transforming the output of a whispering-gallery-mode gyrotron to a focused Gaussian free-space beam. Numerical and measured results of the synthesis are presented. The synthesis routine developed yields excellent results when analyzed using ray tracing. Diffraction calculations indicate that undesired output field structure can be nearly eliminated by modifying the radiation pattern of the primary radiator. >
On not looking German Ethnicity, diaspora and the politics of vision

This article argues for the ideological centrality of visual practices in the cultural politics of nationalism, immigration and diaspora. Tracing the genealogy of overseas Chinese in Germany, it demonstrates that the process of racializing European identity as ‘white’ constitutes the enabling narrative movement for ongoing social and political discrimination against non-Western nationals. It concludes by arguing that new discursive categories and visual paradigms are needed to account for Germany’s multicultural society in the 1990s.
Modern Sedimentation on the Shoreface and Inner Continental Shelf at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved, active surface of marine erosion; modern sediments, where present, form a patchy veneer over Tertiary and Quaternary units. The lithology of the underlying units exerts a primary control on the distribution, texture, and composition of surficial sediments, as well as inner-shelf bathymetry. The shoreface is dominated by a linear, cross-shore morphology of rippled scour depressions (RSDs) extending from just seaward of the surf zone onto the inner shelf. On the upper shoreface, the RSDs are incised up to 1 m below surrounding areas of fine sand, and have an asymmetric cross section that is steeper-sided to the north. On the inner shelf, the RSDs have a similar but more subdued cross-sectional profile. The depressions are floored primarily by shell hash and quartz gravel. Vibracore data show a thick (up to 1.5 m) sequence of RSD sediments that unconformably overlies ancient coastal lithosomes. In this sediment-starved inner shelf setting, rippled scour depressions probably form initially on preexisting coarse-sediment substrates such as modern lag deposits of paleofluvial channel lithosomes or ancient tidal inlet thalwegs. Interannual observations of seafloor morphologic change and the longer-term record contained in vibracores suggest that the present seafloor morphology is either relatively stable or represents a recurring, preferential morphologic state to which the seafloor returns after storm-induced perturbations. The apparent stability is interpreted to be the result of interactions at several scales that contribute to a repeating, self-reinforcing pattern of forcing and sedimentary response which ultimately causes the RSDs to be maintained as sediment-starved bedforms responding to both along-shore and across-shore flows. Sediment accumulation from over 30 years of extensive beach nourishment at Wrightsville Beach appears to have exceeded the local shoreface accommodation space, resulting in the "leaking" of beach and shoreface sediment to the inner shelf. A macroscopically identifiable beach nourishment sediment on the shoreface and inner shelf was used to identify the decadal-scale pattern of sediment dispersal. The nourishment sediment is present in a seaward-thinning wedge that extends from the beach over a kilometer onto the inner shelf to waters depths of 14 m. This wedge is best developed offshore of the shoreline segment that has received the greatest volume of beach nourishment.
Belowground competition and the response of developing forest communities to atmospheric CO2 and O3

As human activity continues to increase CO2 and O3, broad expanses of north temperate forests will be simultaneously exposed to elevated concentrations of these trace gases. Although both CO2 and O3 are potent modifiers of plant growth, we do not understand the extent to which they alter competition for limiting soil nutrients, like nitrogen (N). We quantified the acquisition of soil N in two 8-year-old communities composed of trembling aspen genotypes (n 55) and trembling aspen‐paper birch which were exposed to factorial combinations of CO2 (ambient and 560lLL � 1 ) and O3 (ambient 530‐40 vs. 50‐60nLL � 1 ). Tracer amount of 15 NH4 1 were applied to soil to determine how these trace gases altered the competitive ability of genotypes and species to acquire soil N. One year after isotope addition, we assessed N acquisition by measuring the amount of 15 N tracer contained in the plant canopy (i.e. recent N acquisition), as well as the total amount of canopy N (i.e. cumulative N acquisition). Exposure to elevated CO2 differentially altered recent and cumulative N acquisition among aspen genotypes, changing the rank order in which they obtained soil N. Elevated O3 also altered the rank order in which aspen genotypes obtained soil N by eliciting increases, decreases and no response among genotypes. If aspen genotypes respond similarly under field conditions, then rising concentrations of CO2 and O3 could alter the structure of aspen populations. In the aspen‐birch community, elevated CO2 increased recent N (i.e. 15 N) acquisition in birch (68%) to a greater extent than aspen (19%), suggesting that, over the course of this experiment, birch had gained a competitive advantage over aspen. The response of genotypes and species to rising CO2 and O3 concentrations, and how these responses are modified by competitive interactions, has the potential to change the future composition and productivity of northern temperate forests.
Thermally-actuated high speed droplet manipulation platform

A novel thermally-actuated liquid platform for droplet manipulation platform is presented. Droplets are transported on a thin layer of a chemically-inert and thermally stable liquid (carrier liquid) by means of creating and controlling localized deformations on the free surface of the liquid platform using thermal gradients. By creating appropriate spatio-temporal thermal gradient maps, droplets can be transported on predetermined pathways with a high level of controllability and speed. It is shown that droplets carrying different chemicals can be brought in contact and merged together to complete a reaction.
Self-Determination for Black Soldiers

(1970). Self-Determination for Black Soldiers. The Black Scholar: Vol. 2, The Black Soldier, pp. 40-46.
Effects of Seeding Rates and Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Density on Damage in Two Medium Grain Varieties of Rice.

Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) is a common pest of rice production in the United States whose larvae cause yield loss by feeding on the roots. We conducted studies from 2011–2013 on M-202 and M-206, two commonly grown California medium grain rice varieties, to determine if M-206 demonstrated tolerance to rice water weevil damage. Observations from field studies suggested the possibility of a level of tolerance in M-206 that was more prevalent at high seeding rates. We did this study using two different experimental units, open and ring plots. In both units, we quantified grain yields across four levels, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg/ha, of seeding rates to detect potential yield recovery by M-206. In the open plots, we used naturally occurring weevil populations compared with controls that reduced the populations with insecticides. In the ring plots, we tested three levels of weevil infestation, none, low, and high, to look at the weevil density effects on yield and scarred plants. Our studies showed that M-206 and M-202 had generally similar densities of immature weevils and yield. Compensation for yield loss did not occur at higher seeding rates. These results suggest that M-206 does not have the ability to tolerate rice water weevil damage better than M-202. There was weak evidence that the number of scarred plants increased as plant density was reduced. The results are discussed in relation to the utility of this study to grower choices of varieties for long-term rice water weevil management.
Toric symmetry of $\mathbb{CP}^3$

We exhaustively analyze the toric symmetries of $\mathbb{CP}^3$ and its toric blowups. Our motivation is to study toric symmetry as a computational technique in Gromov–Witten (GW) theory and Donaldson–Thomas (DT) theory. We identify all non-trivial toric symmetries. The induced nontrivial isomorphisms lift and provide new symmetries at the level of GW Theory and DT theory. The polytopes of the toric varieties in question include the permutohedron, the cyclohedron, the associahedron, and in fact all graph associahedra, among others.
Education Policy: A New Context for Governance

Since 1983 education policy has been in transition. The states have undertaken major initiatives to enhance academic rigor and improve student performance. These state actions have been unprecedented, particularly with respect to the variety of education issues addressed and the extent to which the actions involve state policymakers in central schooling issues. The reforms mark fundamental changes in education governance. The states have become the leaders in education policymaking. The federal role, historically small in terms of funding but important in providing programmatic leadership, has diminished in the 1980s. Relationships among state education policymakers have changed in that legislators and governors have eclipsed state boards and education experts in formulating policies related to teaching and learning. Finally, local districts feel that their autonomy is severely threatened by the reforms and wonder whether local control is still a viable concept.
Accelerator-based Ultrafast X-ray Light Sources: New Tools for Probing Correlated Electronic Structure

Accelerator-based ultrafast x-ray light sources providing coherent picosecond to attoseconds pulses will be instrumental for direct measurements of electronic and atomic structural dynamics, providing new insight into correlated phenomena in atoms, molecules and complex solids.
Sampling Body Weight of Growing Chickens

Abstract SAMPLE SIZE AT EIGHT WEEKS UNPUBLISHED data for many thousand chickens demonstrate that the variance for body weight at eight weeks of age seldom exceeds 0.10 for males and 0.07 for females of most broiler strains and crosses. A body weight estimate less than 0.1 lb. from the true average weight was desired in samples from pens in which the number of chickens exceeded 200 birds. A truly random sample with these specifications (probability of 0.01) should be obtainable from approximately 70 cockerels, 50 pullets, or 90 non-sexed chickens. This number is adequate for flocks of any size containing more than 200 growing chickens. Samples of approximately 25 birds from each of three locations have proven most useful to obtain a randon sample from large pens. THE SAMPLING METHOD A three-section, low (2½ ft.), hinged catching frame is carried into the pen in a folded condition. The catching frame is …
Sequence Analysis of Hemagglutinin Gene of Influenza A/H1N1 Virus from Cases in The Early Stage of Disease Cowse in AnHui Province

Objective To analyze the sequence characteristic of hemagglutinin gene(HA) of influenza A/H1N1 virus from cases in the early stage in AnHui Province.Methods Influenza A/H1N1 Virus DNA of cases in an early stage was amplified by RT-PCR,and sequences of HA were then analyzed and compared.Results Sequences of HA of influenza A/H1N1 virus in the early stage in AnHui Province was homologous with sequence of influenza H1N1 virus circulated in 2009 around the world,was more closely related to classical swine influenza virus,and was less related with swine / avian influenza A/H1N1 virus isolated in Europe and Asia.Conclusion The HA gene of influenza A/H1N1 virus early circulated in AnHui Province was believed to develop from classical swine influenza virus,and was very homologous with influenza A/H1N1 vaccine strain candidate which was chosen by WHO,but influenza A/H1N1 vaccine couldn't protect persons from human seasonal influenza.
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate with Partial Resection of the Seminal Vesicle

AbstractA retrospective study was done on 185 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy. Of these patients 6 had seminal vesicle tissue in the resected specimen. The presence of the yellow-brown pigment, lipofuscin, in the seminal vesicle epithelium was a consistent finding and, often, paramount to differentiation from carcinoma of the prostate. There was no pathological misdiagnosis of malignancy in this series. Of the 6 patients 2 suffered acute epididymitis postoperatively and 1 had persistent microscopic hematuria 2 months postoperatively. The high incidence of postoperative epididymitis probably is owing to contamination of the seminal vesicles by bacteria, acquired during urinary tract manipulation, having access to the seminal vesicles and, thus, the vas deferens. In these patients vasectomy and broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended because epididymal invasion by bacteria may already have occurred before pathologic diagnosis is obtained.
What clinical characteristics and radiographic parameters are associated with patellofemoral instability after kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty

Thirteen patients presented with patellofemoral instability out of 3212 knees treated with kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) during a nine year period. We determined the clinical characteristics and post-operative radiographic parameters associated with patellofemoral instability, and whether re-operation and patient reported outcome measures are different between patients with and without patellofemoral instability. Patients with patellofemoral instability were matched 1:3 to a control cohort based on date of surgery (±3 months), age (±10 years), sex, pre-operative knee deformity (varus or valgus), and implant brand. We analyzed clinical characteristics and seven post-operative radiographic parameters. Patellofemoral instability presented atraumatically (12 of 13) at 5 ± 4.7 months for a 0.4 % incidence at a mean follow-up of 43 ± 36 months. No pre-operative clinical characteristics were associated with instability. Patients with patellofemoral instability had greater flexion of the femoral component (11° versus 5°; p = 0.0012), a trend toward greater external rotation of the tibial component (2° versus 0°; p = 0.2704), more reoperations (9 versus 0; p = 0.0026) and a lower Oxford Knee Score (36 versus 42; p = 0.0045) than controls. Patellofemoral instability after kinematically aligned TKA is infrequent, presents atraumatically, and is associated with greater flexion of the femoral component than the control group. Minimizing flexion of the femoral component might reduce the risk of patellofemoral instability by promoting early engagement of the patella in the trochlear during knee flexion.
Words: The Languages of Democracy

In 1796, Charles James Fox told Westminster electors that ‘it was not his practice to make use of any language to gain temporary popularity’.1 As the most famous orator of his age the statement defined disingenuous. Fox’s speeches had long held the attention of his contemporaries: Samuel Johnson wondered ‘whether the nation should be ruled by the sceptre of George the Third, or the tongue of Fox’, while a German observer of the 1782 Westminster election noted that the crowd demanded Fox come forward onto the hustings because ‘the people took it into their heads to hear him speak, and every one called out, “Fox! Fox!”’ He added: ‘I know not why, but I seemed to catch some of the spirit of the place and time, and so I bawled, “Fox! Fox”.’2 Words were the coin of the realm in the borough.
A National Cancer Database analysis of treatment utilization and associated outcomes in elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

138Background: Elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer pose a therapeutic challenge since definitive treatment involves aggressive combined-modality therapy. Whether these individuals are offered or benefit from these approaches in the modern, trimodality era has not been widely explored. Methods: Patients ≥ 70 years old with clinical stage II and III esophageal cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2012 were identified from the National Cancer Database and stratified based on treatment. Variables independently associated with treatment utilization were evaluated using logistic regression and mortality hazard evaluated using Cox-proportional hazards analysis. The primary aim was to compare overall survival by treatment group. The secondary aim was to identify variables associated with receiving each modality. Results: A total of 21,593 patients were identified. Median and maximum ages were 77 and 90 respectively. In 12.9%, no therapy was delivered, 24.3% received palliative therapy, 37.1% rec...
When the Gated Misbehave

This study analyzes online reader comments on top US newspapers’ stories related to former congressman, Anthony Weiner’s, August 2016 sexting scandal. Audience gatekeeping was seen through such discussion themes as gender bias and sexism, political scandals, and sex addiction. The analysis revealed that the majority of reader comments significantly diverged from the news topic, and many comments about US politicians were uncivil. Furthermore, online discussions “drowned out” newspapers’ intended message about Weiner’s inclusion of his toddler son into a sexually explicit selfie. This study argues that online commentary should not be perceived as a dichotomy—a negative or positive development, a contributor or preventer of public discourse—but rather as a continuum of citizen engagement.
Systematic assessment of clinical outcomes and toxicities of proton radiotherapy for reirradiation

Reirradiation (reRT) for locoregional recurrences poses unique challenges and risks; re-treatment using proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) could prove advantageous. Assessing clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles, this systematic review comprehensively evaluated available evidence regarding PBT reRT. Fourteen original investigations across central nervous system (CNS) (n=6), head/neck (HN for chordomas, reRT afforded a 2-year local control and overall survival (OS) of 85% and 80%, respectively. Multiple PBT reRT studies for adult gliomas illustrate no grade ≥3 toxicities. Two pediatric CNS tumor studies demonstrated the safety and efficacy of reRT, with one total grade 3 toxicity and achievement of longer-term OS. PBT for H&N malignancies shows appropriate local/locoregional control and favorable toxicity profiles versus historical photon-based methods, including low (9-10%) rates of feeding tube placement. PBT for recurrent lung cancer can achieve favorable survival with expected toxicities/complications of reRT, especially with concurrent chemotherapy and centrally located recurrences. Lastly, PBT reRT in gastrointestinal malignancies induced very few high-grade complications. Hence, based on the limited existing data, PBT is a notably safe reRT modality for effective salvage of recurrent disease. Institutional experiences must continue to be reported: dosimetric correlations, late toxicities, and advanced PBT techniques.