cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and reliability testing of a portable soft tissue indentor

We have designed, built, and tested a portable indentor device that allows us to determine force/displacement (F/D) measurements on soft tissue in a clinical or research setting. The indentor system consists of a load cell mounted on a three-dimensional measurement device (Metrecom). The output of the load cell and the Metrecom are recorded and analyzed by software running on a notebook computer. The displacement calibration of the Metrecom gave an average error=0.005 mm [standard deviation (SD)=0.062)]. The force calibration of the load cell resulted in an average error=0.022 N (SD=0.049) and a linearity of 1.0062(R/sup 2/=0.9998). The indentor device was tested on six different human soft tissues by two different investigators. The interreliabilities and intrareliabilities were 0.99 [interclass correlation (ICC)] indicating that the results were repeatable by more than one investigator. F/D measurements from indentor testing on two materials were comparable to values measured using an Instron device (5.34 versus, 5.52 N/mm, and 0.98 versus 1.04 N/mm). The device was used to measure the soft tissue characteristics on the plantar surface of the foot of one subject. These data were used to calculate the effective Young's modulus for the tissue using equations derived by Zheng et al. [1999] and indicated a wide range of values dependent upon the portion of the F/D curve used. All results indicate data from this portable indentor device are reliable, accurate, and sensitive enough to identify mechanical properties of human tissues.
Non-uniform 2-D grid partitioning for heterogeneous parallel architectures

Numerous applications in science and engineering have a problem space that can be represented as a 2-dimensional grid. While some of these problems exhibit uniform computational requirements over all regions of the grid, others are non-uniform: that is, some regions of the grid have more data points than others. We introduce a new block decomposition method, Fair Binary Recursive Decomposition (FBRD), which as suitable for a collection of heterogeneous processors, and extend it to accommodate non-uniform problems (NUFBRD). Mathematical comparisons of the NUFBRD method and other common partitioning schemes are presented to show the expected performance level of this new decomposition technique. >
Economic Injury Levels and Sequential Sampling Plans for Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Dry Beans

Field studies were conducted during the growing seasons of 1995 and 1996, in Scotts- bluff, Nebraska, to determine yield-loss relationships for Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results of those experiments were combined with data from other studies previously conducted to develop economic injury levels (EILs), economic thresh- olds (ETs), and a sequential sampling program for Mexican bean beetle. Yield loss was regressed against larvae/row-m, and the slope of the linear regression (113 kg/ha per larvae/row-m) was used as the DI (yield loss/insect density) variable in EIL calculations. The EILs calculated in larvae/row-m were converted to egg masses/row-m and adjusted to resect average survivorship to the adult stage. An example EIL for esfenvalerate at 0.509 (formulation) liter/ha (0.0453 gal/a) and crop value of $0.44/kg ($20/100 lbs) was 17.78 larvae/row-m. The corresponding ET is 1.04 egg masses/row-m, which resects an average of 54.6 eggs/egg mass and 33% survival rate from egg to injurious stages. Sequential sampling plans were calculated based on a negative binomial distribution using parameter k estimated from previous research. Because sampling is based on egg masses, growers can make management decisions and take management actions before signiÞcant injury occurs. Also, ETs can be adjusted to include the occurrence of natural mortality in the egg and early instars. Analyses demonstrated that relatively minor variation in ETs has substantial impact on sequential sampling plans, including parameters such as average sample number. An interactive spreadsheet was developed that allows users to input economic and other data speciÞc to their situation to calculate Mexican bean beetle EILs, ETs, and sequential sampling plans.
Simulation model of Cryptomonas ovata population dynamics in southern Kootenay Lake, British Columbia

Abstract A one-dimensional transient model is developed to simulate observed population dynamics of a small flagellate ( Cryptomonas ovata ) in southern Kootenay Lake, B.C., during a 1-year period (1 June 1974-31 May 1975). The model considers advective displacement of C. ovata as water flows from its southern entrance into the lake and moves northward toward sampling sites. Specific growth rate is computed from an experimentally determined function of mean irradiance, water temperature, and nutrient (ammonium and phosphate) concentration in the upper 10 m of the water column. Cell losses are assumed to result from zooplankton grazing and inhibition due to presence of the blue-green alga Anabaena . The model simulates well the timing and magnitude of all observed population changes and, more importantly, it gives insight into the important mechanisms which regulate population density of C. ovata in this natural system.
Compact Silicon Diffractive Sensor Characterization

The compact silicon diffractive sensor platform is experimentally characterized. This configuration is independent of interaction length and attenuation and capable of measuring refractive index changes of 10^-8 without spectral measurement.
Structural characterization of nitrimyoglobin.

Abstract Nitrimyoglobin was formed in greater than 94% yield by a simple reaction between excess nitrite and horse heart metmyoglobin at pH 5.5. This dark green pigment was shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be a single, pure product with a well defined tertiary structure that is highly similar to the starting myoglobin. Electronic spin states parallel those of myoglobin, although the relaxation times differ. Ligand binding reactions of nitrimyoglobin parallel those of normal myoglobin, but lead to a unique series of UV-visible spectra. In the ferrous state, nitrimyoglobin reversibly binds O2 with half-saturation of sites at an O2 partial pressure of 10.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg. 1H NMR data indicate that the altered heme of nitrimyoglobin has not undergone reaction at any meso proton position, nor has it been partially saturated to the level of a chlorin. 15N NMR spectra indicate that only a single nitrogen was added to the protein as a nitro group. Extraction of the modified heme from nitrimyoglobin and spectroscopic characterization of the nitriheme by infrared spectroscopy and of the free base porphyrin methyl ester derived from nitriheme by 1H NMR indicate that the modification is regiospecific. The heme in nitrimyoglobin is 3-(trans-2-nitrovinyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-8-vinylporphyrin-13,1 7-dipropionic acid. In the Fisher nomenclature scheme, the 2-vinyl substituent is the site of modification and has been converted to a nitrovinyl group by substitution of a proton by -NO2.
Investigating the Neural Correlates of Voice versus Speech-Sound Directed Information in Pre-School Children

Studies in sleeping newborns and infants propose that the superior temporal sulcus is involved in speech processing soon after birth. Speech processing also implicitly requires the analysis of the human voice, which conveys both linguistic and extralinguistic information. However, due to technical and practical challenges when neuroimaging young children, evidence of neural correlates of speech and/or voice processing in toddlers and young children remains scarce. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 20 typically developing preschool children (average age 55.8 y; range 5.2–6.8 y) to investigate brain activation during judgments about vocal identity versus the initial speech sound of spoken object words. FMRI results reveal common brain regions responsible for voice-specific and speech-sound specific processing of spoken object words including bilateral primary and secondary language areas of the brain. Contrasting voice-specific with speech-sound specific processing predominantly activates the anterior part of the right-hemispheric superior temporal sulcus. Furthermore, the right STS is functionally correlated with left-hemispheric temporal and righthemispheric prefrontal regions. This finding underlines the importance of the right superior temporal sulcus as a temporal voice area and indicates that this brain region is specialized, and functions similarly to adults by the age of five. We thus extend previous knowledge of voice-specific regions and their functional connections to the young brain which may further our understanding of the neuronal mechanism of speech-specific processing in children with developmental disorders, such as autism or specific language impairments.
Testing the absolute-tempo hypothesis: Context effects for familiar and unfamiliar songs

In two experiments, we investigated context effects on tempo judgments for familiar and unfamiliar songs performed by popular artists. In Experiment 1, participants made comparative tempo judgments to a remembered standard for song clips drawn from either a slow or a fast context, created by manipulating the tempos of the same songs. Although both familiar and unfamiliar songs showed significant shifts in their points of subjective equality toward the tempo context values, more-familiar songs showed significantly reduced contextual bias. In Experiment 2, tempo pleasantness ratings showed significant context effects in which the ordering of tempos on the pleasantness scale differed across contexts, with the most pleasant tempo shifting toward the contextual values, an assimilation of ideal points. Once again, these effects were significant but reduced for the more-familiar songs. The moderating effects of song familiarity support a weak version of the absolute-tempo hypothesis, in which long-term memory for tempo reduces but does not eliminate contextual effects. Thus, although both relative and absolute tempo information appear to be encoded in memory, the absolute representation may be subject to rapid revision by recently experienced tempo-altered versions of the same song.
A cross-national analysis of physical intimate partner violence against women

This study investigates the cross-national correlates of intimate partner violence against women with a sample of 40 developed and less developed countries. Specifically, we analyze physical intimate partner violence against women during the 12 months prior to data collection, using data from nationally representative surveys. In the process, we examine the evidence for three explanations we discern from the literature: empowerment of women, cultural context (i.e. religion, institutions), and globalization. The results of our analyses provide strong support for the empowerment of women explanation, which draws from feminist concerns regarding socio-economic status of women, and reveal some effect of cultural context and globalization. Female labor force participation in non-agricultural sectors and women's secondary school enrollment decrease the likelihood of intimate partner violence while increasing total fertility rate signals more partner violence. Religious fractionalization and dependence on high-income countries as export partners also increase the likelihood of intimate partner violence against women.
Survival of smaller sport caught chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), salmon from Lake Michigan and its management implications

The survival of small-sized (<50.8 cm) chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kitsutch (Walbaum), caught by sport fishing was determined to assess the potential for increasing the size limit for these fish. Fishermen were recently catching smaller salmon than in the 1970s, but salmon growth rates had not changed. To be an effective management option, the survival rate of hooked and returned fish must be high. The overall survival rates were high: 76% for chinook salmon and 70% for coho salmon. There was no significant difference in survival of the coho salmon with size of hook used (P = 0.31). Any mortality among fish was generally acute; fish hooked deep in the mouth or gills generally bled and died shortly after capture. Fish hooked in the gills had a significantly greater mortality (P = 0.0002). The overall high survival rate for these species was the result of a small proportion of fish being hooked in the gills or deep in the mouth. Since the survival rate of the salmon was high, the size limit could be increased to allow smaller fish to grow to sizes preferred by sport fishermen.
Size and composition of broadcasting stations’ staffs

No matter how many years a person has worked in the broadcasting industry, he can only become acquainted with the organizational structure of a very limited number of stations—and his knowledge of these stations goes rapidly out of date. Although there are basic similarities in most stations—the division into programming, engineering, administrative, and sales for example— it would be unusual to find two stations with exactly the same functions, problems, and personnel. The need to know some of the variations of station organization is particularly acute among those students and others who are planning to find employment for the first time in a particular type or size of station. To assist these individuals, their teachers, and all those interested in broadcast management, the following report on some “typical” and atypical stations was prepared. Both Lawrence W. Lichty and Joseph M. Ripley earned their Ph.D. degrees at The Ohio State University, and have contributed to the Journal of Broadcasting a numbe...
On the use of the wideband gapfiller satellite at Ka-band for communications-on-the-move

As the military moves toward the objective force, satellite communications on-the-move (SATCOM OTM) becomes a key element in maintaining continuous warfighter communications. The wideband gapfiller satellite (WGS) will operate at X and Ka-band and offers great near-term potential to fill the SATCOM OTM gap that exists today. This paper addresses the general mobile ground segment requirements including channel specifications; noise power generation and satellite transponder gain states; system operational limitations, and how satellite operations can address potential solutions at Ka-band. The paper includes appropriate background material, practical satellite link calculation results and examples of small aperture terminals, suitable for OTM operation, over the WGS.
Barriers and Facilitators to School-Based Parent Involvement for Parents of Urban Public Middle School Students

Using semistructured interviews, we explored barriers and facilitators to school-based parent involvement (SBPI) in a sample of predominately African American parents (N = 44) whose children attended urban public middle schools. Barriers to SBPI (e.g., perceptions of hostile parent–teacher interactions and aggressive, disrespectful students in the school) were more commonly reported than facilitators (e.g., child invitations for involvement). Findings suggest that parents’ motivations for engaging in SBPI may be undermined by a variety of barriers, resulting in low participation. Implications and tailored strategies for enhancing SBPI in this population are presented.
Assessing Evaluation Performance and Use Test-Retest Reliability of Standardized Instruments

Two studies were conducted to determine the stability of self-assessment of evaluation performance and use over a six-week period. Two instruments, the Evaluation Performance Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Evaluation Utilization Questionnaire (EUQ) were developed to assess internal evaluation of community mental health centers (CMHCs). One hundred one evaluators of CMHCs were surveyed in Study 1, and 175 directors and evaluators were surveyed in Study 2; response rates were 54% and 60%, respectively. Test-retest reliability coefftcients were calculated for total and subscale scores, and scale means were compared across time. Results show that the EPQ and EUQ provide reliable information about the level and scope of evaluation activity and the use of evaluation information within community mental health centers. The value of these tools for research, administration, evaluation, and practice is discussed
A Case of Papillary Adenocarcinoma Presenting with Multiple Cysts

A 23-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis. The chest X-ray showed reticulonodular opacity and multiple cysts throughout the entire lung field. The chest CT scan revealed numerous bilateral cysts with various sizes, some of them with thickened walls. An open lung wedge resection was performed. The resected specimen showed scattered small nodules, 0.3 to 0.6 cm in size. Microscopically, each nodule was composed of atypical glands with an occasional papillary architecture spreading to the alveolar septa, which were morphologically consistent with a papillary adenocarcinoma with a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma growth pattern. Immunochemically, the tumor cells were negative for the S-100 protein. The patient was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the lung. A variety of diseases can produce or mimic multiple, thin-walled cysts in the lung. Lung cancer with multiple cysts is quite rare. Nevertheless, adenocarcinoma should be a diagnostic consideration. We report a case of a multiple cystic adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Microarchitecture evaluation with physical planning

Conventionally, microarchitecture designs are mainly guided by the maximum throughput (measured as IPC) and fail to evaluate the impact of architectural decisions on the physical design, and in particular, the impact on the interconnects. In this paper, we propose MEVA, a system to consider both IPC and cycle time in the design space search for a given microarchitectural design. MEVA can consider a variety of user-specified architectural alternatives that trade IPC and cycle time in the design, and performs accurate floorplanning and simulation to fully evaluate each alternative. The resulting solution will maximize the benefit from both IPC and cycle time to provide a better solution than a design space exploration based simply on IPC or cycle time alone. For a sample architectural design, we are able to search a space of 32 architectural configurations with physical planning in less than 2 hours to find a processor configuration that, in terms of BIPS, outperforms the configuration with the best IPC performance by 14%, and the configuration with the fastest clock by 27%. This initial exploration only considers the boundary cases of a much larger design space, but still features substantial IPC and cycle time variation.
Measuring the Effects of Learning Styles: Is a Little Knowledge Dangerous for Excellence in Management Education?:

This is an experimental group/control group inquiry into the use of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory as a learning tool as well as a diagnostic tool. The idea is to assess whether it is possible to alter the perception of learners on the divergence of learning styles through an appropriate conditioning process so as to improve learning. One group was conditioned through tying the nature and objective of classroom learning exercises to the four-stage learning cycle of Kolb as a way of using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory experience as a strategy to improve learning; the other was not. Postexercise testing revealed results contrary to expectations. Furthermore, implications for teaching and learning are discussed.
Characterization of nuclear estradiol receptors released by micrococcal nuclease and deoxyribonuclease I

Interaction of estradiol receptor with chromatin was probed by nuclease digestion of receptor-chromatin complex. The complex was formed by incubating partially purified receptor with chromatin. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of the complex released a 7S form of receptor which could be converted to 2.8S form by DNAase I. Digestion of the complex with DNAase I yielded different forms of receptors ranging from 7S to 2.8S depending on the digestion time. Receptor distribution was also examined by isolating nuclei form tissue pre-incubated with radioactive estradiol. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of receptor-filled nuclei released 7S, 5.5S and 3.5S forms of receptors. Collectively, these results indicate that the 7S nuclear receptor may have an associated chromatin fragment which is sensitive to DNAase I activity. The desirable features of receptor-chromatin method over conventional methods for studies relating to receptor interaction at the gene site are discussed.
Averaging analysis of adaptive control algorithms

The method of averaging is used to analyze discrete-time indirect adaptive control. The analysis focuses on various prediction-error-driven indentification algorithms coupled with a general linear control law. The plant is not required to be in the model set of the identifier, which accounts for systems with unmodeled plant dynamics. Exogenous input signals including known command signals and unknown disturbances are also included. Both gradient and Newton-based algorithms are considered. >
Lexical Access in Aphasic and Nonaphasic Speakers

An interactive 2-step theory of lexical retrieval was applied to the picture-naming error patterns of aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. The theory uses spreading activation in a lexical network to accomplish the mapping between the conceptual representation of an object and the phonological form of the word naming the object. A model developed from the theory was parameterized to fit normal error patterns. It was then "lesioned" by globally altering its connection weight, decay rates, or both to provide fits to the error patterns of 21 fluent aphasic patients. These fits were then used to derive predictions about the influence of syntactic categories on patient errors, the effect of phonology on semantic errors, error patterns after recovery, and patient performance on a singleword repetition task. The predictions were confirmed. It is argued that simple quantitative alterations to a normal processing model can explain much of the variety among patient patterns in naming.
Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta

Computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CTA) has become the preferred imaging test of choice for various aortic conditions because of its excellent spatial resolution, rapid image acquisition, and its wide availability. CTA provides a robust tool for planning aortic interventions and diagnosing acute and chronic vascular diseases in the abdomen. CTA is the standard for imaging aneurysms before intervention and evaluating the aorta in the acute setting to assess traumatic injury, dissection, and aneurysm rupture. Knowledge of the imaging features of these disease processes, inflammatory vasculitides, and occlusive atherosclerotic disease is essential for guiding surgical and medical management of patients.
A Point of View: Net Neutrality Regulation in the United States

The United States moved closer to Net Neutrality regulation this year when the Federal Communications Commission found that Comcast, a cable broadband Internet service provider, violated a set of Internet policy principles the FCC adopted in 2005 by limiting peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic. The ruling was the culmination of a ten-year effort that began as a call for wholesale open access to the cable platform for third-party Internet service providers. I have written elsewhere on legal and procedural flaws that may doom the Network Management Order (See, e.g., Barbara Esbin, The Law is Whatever the Nobles Do: Undue Process at the FCC, http://www.pff.org/issues-pubs/pops/2008/pop15.12undueprocess.pdf). [1] In summary: (1) the FCC has not been granted explicit authority to regulate the provision of broadband information services; (2) the ancillary jurisdiction on which the FCC relied was not reasonably related to its other statutorily mandated responsibilities; (3) having failed to adopt enforceable rules concerning broadband network management, the FCC could not lawfully subject Comcast to an adjudication concerning its practices; and (4) the Complaint filed against Comcast was defective in several respects and should have been dismissed. The Network Management Order has been appealed by Comcast and several advocacy groups. Comcast challenges the basis on which the FCC found that it had violated federal policy in the absence of pre-existing legally enforceable rules. The advocacy groups appealed the FCC's failure to order Comcast to immediately cease and desist interfering with P2P traffic. The appeals have been consolidated and will be heard by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, a court that has shown little patience for the FCC’s unusual procedures and the FCC's use of the doctrine of ancillary jurisdiction to expand its reach. Meanwhile, several network operators have announced bandwidth caps or plans to implement them.
Stochastic Model of BOD and OD is Segmented Estuary

A one-dimensional stochastic model is developed for BOD and OD in streams and estuaries. The standard Dobbins type assumptions of first-order reaction, deposition, and reaeration rates are assumed, although any rate formulation is permitted by the analysis. The model parameters and process conditions have been made functions of position in the estuary and time in the tidal cycle. The predicted mean concentration is the same as for deterministic models based on the same assumptions. The predicted mean and distribution about the mean are compared with data from the Potomac Estuary and Ohio River with good agreement on the Potomac and excellent agreement with the Ohio data. With the Potomac data some lack of fit was observed due to photosynthesis and other effects occurring in the estuary which were not included in the mode.
Analyzing the Impacts of Constraint Relaxation Practices in Electric Energy Markets

Reliable and economic deployment of a generation fleet to satisfy demand is a complex problem. Independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission operators (RTOs) solve complex unit commitment and economic dispatch models to determine appropriate resources to deploy at various time stages. Due to the complexity of power systems, several approximations are made within optimization models, including approximations of the transmission network with a linearized formulation known as the direct current optimal power flow (DCOPF) instead of the more realistic formulation known as the alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF). Furthermore, approximations occur in these models by relaxing specific constraints in the model, i.e., the constraint is allowed to be violated based on a predetermined penalty price. By doing so, the ISO/RTO receives several benefits, including the ability to manage prices, clear the market, as well as the potential to obtain gains in social welfare (market surplus). This paper describes the constraint relaxation practices of ISOs in their unit commitment models and analyzes the corresponding market implications based on these practices.
The development of PCR assay for the rapid detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Objective To develop a simple and rapid identification system for non-tuberculous mycobacteria,comparing with PCR direct sequencing and drug sensitivity test to evaluate the method. Methods Based on the sequences of 16-23srDNA intergenic spacer gene published on GenBank, a set of primers was designed,and the PCR assay for the rapid detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria was developed. DNA of 5 clinical samples was amplified separately, and then electrophoresis and direct sequencing were used for sub-typing. Results 5 clinical strains were all resistant to RFP, INH,EB,SM,BB-K8,CIP,LOFX,TH3624,DPC and PZA.PCR amplification result was in agreement with direct sequencing result. 5 clinical samples were all Mecobanterium abscessus. Conclusions 16-23srDNA sequence can be used as target genes in mycobacterial identification. The developed PCR assay has the advantage of rapidity, sensitivity and specificity. It could be applied to the rapid detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and provide accurate testing data for clinical treatment.
Walks in Graphs

Given a finite set S and integer k≥0, let \(\binom{S}{k}\) denote the set of k-element subsets of S. A multiset may be regarded, somewhat informally, as a set with repeated elements, such as {1,1,3,4,4,4,6,}. We are only concerned with how many times each element occurs and not on any ordering of the elements. Thus for instance {2,1,2,4,1,2} and {1,1,2,2,2,4} are the same multiset: they each contain two 1’s, three 2’s, and one 4 (and no other elements).
From Audience to Reporter

This study explores a hyperlocal news website that has trained dozens of community members to report on their own multiethnic city. It examines two approaches to participatory media used by the site: a loose community contributor model based around monthly in-person meetings and a more structured youth training program. Using the observations of the founding editor (the lead author), a professional journalist who facilitated both programs, as well as feedback from content contributors collected through a focus group, interviews and written reflections, we look at the process and investigate the outcomes on contributors’ sense of agency to tell local stories. Reflecting on best practices and key challenges, including sustainability, we situate this case within the context of the rise of locally based community news websites, and changing ideas of what defines a journalist.
A large-scale detailed neuronal model of electrical stimulation of the dentate gyrus and perforant path as a platform for electrode design and optimization

Owing to the dramatic rise in treatment of neurological disorders with electrical micro-stimulation it has become apparent that the major technological limitation in deploying effective devices lies in the process of designing efficient, safe, and outcome specific electrode arrays. The time-consuming and low-fidelity nature of gathering test data using experimental means and the immense control and flexibility of computational models, has prompted us and others to build models of electrical stimulation of neural networks that can be simulated in a computer. Because prior work has been focused on single cells, very small networks, or non-biological models of neural tissue, it was expedient that we take advantage of our, 4,040 processor, computing cluster to construct a large-scale 3-dimensional emulation of hippocampal tissue using detailed neuronal models with explicit and unique morphologies. This model, when paired with an equivalent circuit method of estimating voltage signal attenuation throughout anisotropic resistive tissue, can be used to predict tissue response to an exhaustive set of stimulation and tissue conditions: electrode geometry, array geometry, static dielectric properties of tissue, stimulation pulse features, etc. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that this system is capable of yielding neuronal responses with striking similarities to experimental results. This work provides an avenue to qualitative evaluation of electrode arrays, and more meaningful modeling of local field potentials in terms of their contributing sources and sinks.
A Routing Table Insertion (RTI) Attack on Freenet

Very little work has been conducted on quantitatively evaluating the basic design and implementation choices in common p2p anonymous systems. In this paper, we focus on this issue and use Freenet as an example to investigate quantitative measures for anonymous systems. We have conducted extensive analysis of Freenet, and identified several practical attacks that seriously damage the anonymity strength of Freenet. These attacks exploit several fundamental performance improvement schemes in p2p systems, and can be easily extended to other popular DHT-like p2p anonymous systems using similar mechanisms. In particular, we are able to find the network topology, perform a routing table insertion (RTI) attack, and trace back queries. In this paper, we focus on the RTI attack to make a malicious node a direct peer of a victim node. As a result, many other attacks can be launched to break the anonymity promise. To facilitate the RTI attack, we have also developed a route prediction model based on Freenet routing mechanisms. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed attack. Our goal is not to attack Freenet. Instead, we hope that the lessons learned here help us improve Freenet, develop new design guidelines for p2p anonymous systems, and generalize quantitative measures to evaluate their strength.
Performance of L-band aeronautical communication system candidates in the presence of multiple DME interferers

Aeronautical vehicle use, and consequently, air-to-ground communication systems, are growing rapidly. A growing portion of these vehicles are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operating in civil aviation systems. As a consequence of this growth, air traffic volume for these vehicles is increasing dramatically, and it is estimated that traffic density will at least double by 2025. This traffic growth has led civil aviation authorities to explore development of future communication infrastructures (FCI). The L-band digital aeronautical communication system one (L-DACS1) is one of the air-ground (AG) communication systems proposed by Eurocontrol. L-DACS1 is a multicarrier communication system whose channels will be deployed in between Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) channels in frequency. DME is a transponder-based radio navigation technology, and its channels are distributed in 1 MHz frequency increments in the L-band spectrum from 960 to 1164 MHz. In this paper we investigate the effect of DME as the main interference signal to AG FCI systems. Recently we proposed a new multicarrier L-band communication system based on filterbank multicarrier (FBMC), which has some significant advantages over L-DACS1. In this paper we briefly describe these systems and compare the performance of L-DACS1 and FBMC communication systems in the coverage volume of one cell of an L-band communication cellular network working in the area of multiple DME stations. We will show the advantage and robustness of the L-band FBMC system in suppressing the DME interference from several DME ground stations across a range of geometries. In our simulations we use a channel model proposed for hilly/suburban environments based on the channel measurement results obtained by NASA Glenn Research Center. We compare bit error ratio (BER) results, power spectral densities for L-DACS1 and FBMC communication systems, and show the advantages of FBMC as a promising candidate for FCI systems.
Abstract 409: Site-Specific Solvent Exposure of Major Apolipoproteins in Human High-Density Lipoprotein Complexes of Different Composition and Diameter

It is believed that the interactions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) with different plasma enzymes are partly determined by the site specific solvent exposure of apolipoproteins in HDL. Ultra-centrifugally isolated human HDL was separated into subpopulations containing both major apolipoproteins apoA-I and apoA-II (termed LpA-I/A-II) and only apoA-I (termed LpA-I) using thiopropyl sepharose chromatography. LpA-I/A-II and LpA-I were further separated into three sub-fractions based on the particle diameter utilizing fast performance liquid chromatography. Individual sub-fractions were subjected to partial acetylation; the extent of acetylation that represents the solvent exposure was quantified by mass spectrometry (MS). LpA-I of ∼85 A, demonstrated solvent exposure variations for Lys residues in apoA-I in the range of 9-55%. Lys 133 (helix 5) and Lys 226 (helix 10) showed the highest solvent exposure of 54-55%. Surprisingly Lys residues 238 and 239 showed the lowest exposure of 9-10%. The rest of the Lys residues located in N-term through helix 10 ranged from 12-40% demonstrating distinctive differences among specific sites of exposure. The presence of apoA-II in comparable diameter LpA-I/A-II showed similar solvent exposure for apoA-I, implying the non-perturbing nature of apoA-II on apoA-I conformation. Limited proteolysis experiments resulted in similar fragment patterns for apoA-I in LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II, agreeing with mass spectrometry observations. Furthermore, proteolysis demonstrated that apoA-II in HDL is less susceptible to proteolysis compared to apoA-I in HDL. Confirming this observation further, the extent of acetylation of individual Lys residues of apoA-II in LpA-I/A-II demonstrated overall low solvent exposure (9-14%) by MS. Subtle solvent exposure differences were seen among particles of different diameter (75 A vs 110 [[Unable to Display Character: Ǻ]]). These novel findings bring out conformational details of major apolipoprotein in different HDL particles. Assessment of site specific solvent exposure of minor HDL apolipoproteins including apoE, apoD, apoCs, apoM and determination of their specific preference for LpA-I vs LpA-I/A-II are currently underway implementing high throughput mass spectrometry techniques.
Outcomes of Medializing Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy With Medial Reefing and Vastus Medialis Obliquus Advancement Coupled With Lateral Retinacular Z-Lengthening for Recurrent Patellar Instability

ABSTRACT Purpose: Patella-femoral dislocations, although rare, can result in functionally limiting symptoms and limited return to prior activity levels. The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of a three-in-one patellar realignment surgery for treatment of recurrent patellar instability in a young, active duty military population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent our senior author's three-in-one patellar realignment surgery for recurrent patellar instability in the setting of underlying anatomic malalignment. Our primary outcome measure was the rate of recurrent instability. Secondary outcome measures included rate of return to full unrestricted active duty military service and the functional outcome scores. Results: A total of 13 patients with an average follow-up of 16 months were included in this study. During the follow-up period, there were no reported instability events (either dislocation or subluxation). Three (23%) patients were separated se...
Dystonia, Task-specific

Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary, twisting movements typically producing sustained postures. When the movement is triggered by a specific task, it is referred to as focal, task-specific dystonia (FTSD). Dystonia can be triggered by tasks such as writing and playing a sport or musical instrument. Treatment options include medications, rehabilitation, and surgical procedures.
Changes in iron availability in Arabidopsis are rapidly sensed in the leaf vasculature and impaired sensing leads to opposite transcriptional programs in leaves and roots.

The OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER 3 (OPT3) has recently been identified as a component of the systemic network mediating iron (Fe) deficiency responses in Arabidopsis. Reduced expression of OPT3 induces an over accumulation of Fe in roots and leaves, due in part by an elevated expression of the IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1). Here we show however, that opt3 leaves display a transcriptional program consistent with an Fe overload, suggesting that Fe excess is properly sensed in opt3 leaves and that the OPT3-mediated shoot-to-root signaling is critical to prevent a systemic Fe overload. We also took advantage of the tissue-specific localization of OPT3, together with other Fe-responsive genes, to determine the timing and location of early transcriptional events during Fe limitation and re-supply. Our results show that the leaf vasculature responds more rapidly than roots to both Fe deprivation and re-supply, suggesting that the leaf vasculature is within the first tissues that sense and respond to changes in Fe availability. Our data highlight the importance of the leaf vasculature in Fe homeostasis by sensing changes in apoplastic levels of Fe coming tough the xylem and relaying back this information to roots via the phloem to regulate Fe uptake at the root level.
Bilateral Costoclavicular Compression in a Patient With Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Unsuspected Arachnoid Cyst

IntroductIon Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the monitored bilateral brachial plexus and peripheral nerve makes it possible to demonstrate the relationship of nerves to their surrounding landmark anatomy. Thoracic outlet anomalies compromise venous and lymphatic drainage in these patients and bilateral MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrate compression of the venous valves with obstruction to flow within the supraclavicular fossae, chest wall, and neck; and increased collateral circulation around the face, neck, and spinal cord. MRI displays venous obstruction caused by costoclavicular compression in thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) in patients with “migraine” headache. MRA and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) display dilated collateral venous drainage over the face, head, and neck, supraclavicular fossae, and venous congestion of cerebral dural sinuses, all secondary to increased intracranial, intrathoracic, and intraabdominal pressures. Abduction external rotation (AER) (arms overhead) enhances costoclavicular compression and displays functional anatomy that correlates with the patients’ triggered complaints. These patients present with upper-extremity pain; numbness, tingling, and pins-and-needle sensations in the hands and arms; swooshing sounds in the ears; visual changes, including “floaters,” spots in the visual fields (scotomata), and headache most often descriptive of migraine. On examination, there may be supraclavicular fossae edema, with Erb’s point tenderness, color and temperature changes in the hands and arms, and reproduction of the symptoms with provocative maneuvers such as Adson’s test. MRI of the bilateral AER of the upper extremities enhances costoclavicular compression of the draining veins within the neck and supraclavicular fossae, which enhances costoclavicular compression. This presentation displays costoclavicular compression, rounding of the shoulders, increasing the slope of the first ribs, and arachnoid cyst incidentally found on MRI.
Phase Stability, and Cohesive, Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallic Compounds

Current sophisticated electronic structure simulations are at the forefront of understanding and predicting a variety of materials properties of intermetallic compounds. Several examples are given here that illustrate how first principles total energy local density methods have addressed the problems of (i) phase stability and the effect of ternary additions, (ii) anti-phase boundaries (APB’s) in B2 NiAl, FeAl and RuAl aluminides and other faults in determining their structural and bonding character. A key objective has been to attempt to understand, at the electronic level, fundamental quantities that may be related to the crucial ductility issue in high temperature intermetallics. Differences between observed ductility properties of related systems may relate to their differing electronic and bonding properties, particularly the nature of p-d hybridization and the directional charge distributions of the states near the Fermi energy.
Endocrine Complications and Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Overview Transformation of normal cells results in activation and/or suppression of a number of hormonally active genes. This chapter outlines the several clinical endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes and their appropriate management. Treatment of cancer results in a number of endocrine or metabolic manifestations, most of which are related to hormone deficiency or drug-related toxicity. The introduction of targeted therapy that disrupts signaling pathways and immunotherapy, contrary to expectations, has actually increased the number of endocrine manifestations. This chapter will chronicle the major new endocrine toxicities in addition to those observed with older cytotoxic chemotherapies and radiation. Keywords: ectopic; radiotherapy; thyroid; growth hormone (GH); clinical syndromes
Congenital agenesis of septum pellucidum

Neben der Beschreibung von 3 eigenen Fallen von kongenitaler Agenesie des Septum pelluciduni wird eine Ubersichtstabelle der Literaturfalle gegeben. Bisher gibt es nur pneumencephalographische Diagnosen in vivo, aber keine genauen neuropathologischen Befunde, auch nicht von den zur Sektion gekommenen Fallen. Die neuroradiologischen Charakteristica der ausgebliebenen Entwicklung des Septum pellucidum und der moglichen embryologischen Bedingungen werden besprochen. Isolierte kongenitale Agenesien des Septum pellucidum ohne weitere Misbildungen oder Entwicklungsstorungen sind sehr selten. Kombination mit anderen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns, Schadels und Gesichts sind haufiger und bisher als einzige genauer neuropathologisch untersucht. Das kombinierte Vorkommen von kongenitaler Septumagenesie und epileptischen Anfallen ist signifikant haufiger als andere Korrelationen. Mogliche Beziehungen zur niederen Krampfschwelle des Ammonshorns und zur Aktivierung von Ammonshornwellen aus der unteren Septumregion bei Tieren werden besprochen.
Domain structure and the complexity of diagnostic problem solving

This paper provides a quantitative analysis of domain structure and its effects on the complexity of diagnostic problem solving. It introduces a hypothesis about the modular structure of domains and proposes a measured called explanatory power. The distribution of explanatory power reveals the inherent structure of domains. We conjecture that such structure might facilitate problem solving, even when the problem solver does not exploit it explicitly. To test this hypothesis, we create a domain without structure by randomizing the distribution of explanatory power. We use the structured and randomized knowledge bases to study the effect of domain structure on two diagnostic algorithms, candidate generation and symptom clustering. The results indicate that inherent domain structure, even when not encoded explicitly, can facilitate problem solving. Such facilitation occurs for both the candidate generation and symptom clustering algorithms. Moreover, domain structure appears to benefit symptom clustering more than candidate generation, suggesting that the efficiency of symptom clustering derives in part from exploiting domain structure.
The Geometric Contexts

A domain for which the Dirichlet problem has a solution for every continuous boundary datum is called a regular domain for the Dirichlet problem.
Combined idiopathic interstitial pneumonia(IIP) and emphysema(E) in the Veterans Administration(VA) health system: characteristics, tobacco Use, and outcomes

Aims/Objectives: Given the high prevalence of tobacco use, the VA, the largest US healthcare system, is an enriched population for IIP and E. Our objective was to characterize comorbidities, pack year history(PYH), tobacco duration(TY), years between quitting and diagnosis(YQ), diagnosis(Dx) date, supplemental oxygen(02), and deaths among 4 groups:1) IIP with E (IIP+E), 2) IIP without E (IIP-E), 3) lung granuloma(LG) with E (LG+E), and 4) LG without E (LG-E). Methods: Among 3154 patients receiving care for ICD9 515,516 codes at 6 VA centers from 2008-2015, we identified 849 subjects with either IIP or LG(no ILD) based on electronic/manual data extraction and computed tomography. Results: Between IIP+/-E and LG+/-E groups, age at Dx and time from Dx to death were similar. Though the time from Dx to death was similar, the proportion alive 5 yr after Dx was lower in both IIP groups. Mean TY, YQ, and PYH differed among groups. Pulmonary hypertension, diabetes and 02 were more frequent in IIP groups, while lung cancer was greater in the +E groups. Conclusion: In one of the largest reported cohorts of IIP+E, we provide tobacco use data not previously reported and outcomes in a high-prevalence cohort.