cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Rotor Unsteady Forces and Sound Due to Homogeneous Turbulence Ingestion

An analytical approach is presented to model the broadband unsteady force cross-correlations exerted on a rotor due to a spatially homogeneous turbulent inflow. In addition, the rotor unsteady force cross-correlation matrix is treated as a set of correlated, compact dipole acoustic sources to predict the low-frequency radiated sound field of a subsonic rotor ingesting a turbulent flow. It is shown that turbulence-induced rotor forces in the radial and axial directions are uncorrelated for the special condition when spatially homogeneous turbulence is ingested, and further it is shown that radial-to-axial force correlation can exist when the turbulent inflow velocity field contains a coherent once-per-revolution variation. Equations to estimate rotor turbulence ingestion sound from noncompact dipole sources are also developed for situations when the compact acoustic assumption is invalid. A numerical simulation of the turbulence force and acoustic response for a 10-bladed rotor ingesting a spatially homoge...
Observations of Residual Differentiation Potential during Lineage Commitment

We have recently described a subset of the multipotent progenitor pool that contains a common lymphoid progenitor. This subset of cells is lineage negative and expresses c-kit and Sca-1, but lacks expression of Thy 1.1 (Thyneg). Based on the observation that lethally irradiated mice transplanted with these cells die from anemia unless supported with competitor marrow, we hypothesized that these progenitors lacked erythroid potential. We analyzed the erythroid potential of these cells by transplanting them into mice allelic at the hemoglobin locus and compared their erythroid potential with the Thy-1.1low (Thylow) subset that contains hematopoietic stem cells. We also performed CFU-C assays in methylcellulose containing recombinant cytokines and determined erythroid contribution to colonies using in situ benzidine staining. Donor-derived hemoglobin was observed following transplant of Thyneg cells, even though 19 of 20 of these animals died from anemia. In contrast, recipients of Thylow cells showed complete donor-derived engraftment 30 days following transplant. While approximately 60% of day 4 colonies derived from Thyneg cells expressed hemoglobin, by day 11 less than 5% were hemoglobinized. In contrast, greater than 70% of the Thylow subset contained hemoglobinized cells at the end of the observation period. A similar transient appearance of myeloid progeny was also observed in colonies derived from c-kitlow Thyneg lymphoid progenitor cells. We conclude that these studies demonstrate commitment to the lymphoid lineage at the Thylow-to-Thyneg interface, and that the loss of erythroid and myeloid potential is gradual rather than abrupt. Hemoglobinized colonies may be undergoing apoptosis because of down-regulation of GATA-1 or because of a death signal from surrounding nonerythrocytic cells.
3-D wave propagation in the Los Angeles basin for the Whittier-Narrows earthquake

Abstract Elastic wave propagation within and around the Los Angeles basin during the Whittier-Narrows earthquake in 1988 is simulated with a 3-D finite difference method. The model consists mainly of a sedimentary layer over the basement, but lateral variations inside the sedimentary basin is also included to approximate observed variations in surface shear velocity. The minimum shear velocity is 1 km/sec on the surface and fairly reliable results are obtained up to 0.75 Hz. The total simulation lasts 26 sec. Our simulation can reproduce the general amplification pattern: small east of the epicenter and large in the L.A. basin and the San Fernando Valley, due to thick sediments of low velocity in these areas. Surface waves are generated by the primary S wave and trapped inside the basins. In the southern part of the L.A. basin, a distinct later phase, delayed by 5 to 6 sec relative to the primary S wave, is produced in our simulation, which matches some strong motion records.
Hyaluronan synthase polymerizing activity and control of product size are discrete enzyme functions that can be uncoupled by mutagenesis of conserved cysteines

Streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan (HA) synthase (SeHAS) contains four cysteines (C226, C262, C281 and C367) that are conserved in the mammalian HAS family. Previous studies of single Cys-to-Ser and all possible Cys-to-Ala mutants of SeHAS found that: the Cys-null mutant is active, Cys modification inhibits HAS activity and the conserved cysteines are clustered at the membrane-enzyme interface in substrate-binding sites (Kumari K, Weigel PH. 2005. Identification of a membrane-localized cysteine cluster near the substrate binding sites of the Streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan synthase. Glycobiology. 15:529-539). We re-examined these Cys mutants using a single technique (size exclusion chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering) that allows simultaneous assays on the same sample for both HA synthesis activity and HA product size. Among 18 mutants compared with wild type, 4 showed no change in either function and 3 showed changes in both (decreased activity and HA size). Only one of the two functions was altered in 11 other mutants, which showed either decreased polymerizing activity or product size. No mutants made larger HA, 8 made smaller HA and 10 showed no change in HA size. Nine mutants showed no change in activity and nine were less active. The mutants fell into four of nine possible groups in terms of changes in HA size or synthesis rate (i.e. none, increased or decreased). Specific Cys residues were associated with each mutant group and the pattern of effects on both functions. Thus, the four conserved Cys residues, individually and in specific combinations, influence the rate of sugar assembly by HAS and HA product size, but their participation in one function is independent of the other.
Chromospheric Fine Structure

The mechanical (nonradiative) energy that is responsible for the solar chromosphere and corona is generated in the subphotospheric layers and propagates into the outer layers where it is dissipated. The propagating energy probably carries momentum as well as energy. Also, because the energy source is mechanical it is expected to be associated with temporal and spatial fluctuations of physical variables. It is logical to assume, therefore, that the transport of mechanical energy and momentum will produce local fluctuations in intensity and velocity and possibly in magnetic field strength. Solar fine structure, at least in part, is the observational manifestation of such processes. The dissipation process, of course, may involve intermediate phenomena that influence the fine structure, and, in turn, the fine structure undoubtedly influences the energy propagation. In any case, the nature of the propagating energy and its dissipation is undoubtedly imprinted in the fine structure.
Disarmament and airpower, 1932–1934: Clipping the bomber's wings

From 1932 to 1934, the Geneva disarmament conference held the future of airpower in its hands. Not only was a ban on aerial bombardment considered, but the entire future of military aviation came into question. British officials were amongst the foremost advocates of total aerial disarmament, spelling the effective end of the RAF. In addition to the fear of bombing of British cities, airpower was not Britain's military strong‐point. There were however, stumbling‐blocks in the way for complete disarmament, which in the end were to save the future of the RAF. The development of military aviation could not be restrained while the civil aircraft industry developed unimpeded. Meanwhile the French were increasingly concerned with developments in Germany where with the coming to power of Hitler rearmament ather that disarmament was the order of the day. Colonel Meilinger here argues that there are clear parallels between the trials of the airmen of the 1930s and the situation in the post‐Cold War era. We are cur...
Large-Scale Matrix Factorization Using MapReduce

Due to the popularity of nonnegative matrix factorization and the increasing availability of massive data sets, researchers are facing the problem of factorizing large-scale matrices of dimensions in the orders of millions. Recent research [11] has shown that it is feasible to factorize a million-by-million matrix with billions of nonzero elements on a MapReduce cluster. In this work, we present three different matrix multiplication implementations and scale up three types of nonnegative matrix factorizations on MapReduce. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets show the excellent scalability of our proposed algorithms.
SLAM via Variable Reduction from Constraint Maps

The two dominant forms of SLAM are based on Extended Kalman Filtering and Consistent Pose Estimation. We show that these are particular subsets of a more general view of the SLAM problem, in which variables representing all robot poses and features are kept. The general technique of variable reduction is a unifying view of these methods that is mathematically sound, and which enables us to explore other interesting and computationally compelling forms for solving SLAM problems.
Long-term stability of landfilled coal combustion by-products

Abstract Many of the by-products from coal combustion and flue gas desulfurization are cementitious, which suggests utilization in some settings replacing conventional cements. Information on the long-term stability of these materials in Nature can be obtained from studies of landfilled by-products. Five coal combustion by-products (CCBs) landfilled at four sites in the USA were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Where moisture was available during or after disposal, the materials were changed chemically, physically and mineralogically over time, in processes analogous to diagenesis of buried sediments. At three of the sites, initially formed crystalline-phase assemblages were transformed into an assemblage dominated by ettringite and thaumasite. At one site where a high-sodium by-product was landfilled, an assemblage of Na-rich phases, including a zeolite and a zeolite-related nosean-hauyne phase, as well as tobermorite, was observed. This assemblage is unique and previously unobserved in CCBs. Diagenesis associated with many of these CCBs reduced strength and increased permeability after only a few years in the natural environment. The characteristics of the altered by-products resemble those of soils more than concrete. Initially promising 7 or 28 day laboratory tests of strength and permeability may not be characteristic of these materials on exposure to the environment. Blending of CCBs with fly ash to increase the proportion of cementitious CSH, and controlling subsequent moisture additions, could minimize deleterious by-product diagenesis.
Radiation Resistant Superferric Quadrupole Magnets With Warm Iron

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to be built at Michigan State University will be capable of providing beams of any element at energies of at least 200 MeV/u at beam powers of 400 kW. The fragment production target is in close proximity to the superconducting quadrupole magnets. These magnets have to operate in the high-radiation environment, with calculated radiation doses of more than 10 MGy per year. The design of a large bore, superferric quadrupole magnet that provides high field gradient of 15 T/m and effective length of 0.6 m is presented. The current design is “warm-iron” with a nominal yoke length of 520 mm and a pole radius of 135 mm. A coil design based on spinel insulated cable-in-conduit conductor that provides ample current margin provides significant long lifetime against radiation damage. The major challenges are the tight geometry, high forces and remote handling of an irradiated magnet. This paper presents the magnet design including coil forces and coil restraint system. In addition, coil properties, conductor stability and full mechanical details are also presented.
A Second Look at Personality Test Validation

Summary A study of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey with life insurance salesmen failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between criterion groups in terms of an item analysis or differences in mean scores on the sub-scales of the test. An examination, however, of the criterion groups' raw score distributions revealed a useful difference that held up in a cross-check sample.
Design and performance aspects of pickup loop structures for miniature SQUID magnetometry

As miniature SQUID susceptometers and scanning SQUID microscopes come into wider use, it is important to understand in detail the magnetic coupling of objects of interest to small superconducting pickup loops as well as our ability to scale such pickup loop structures to sub-/spl mu/m dimensions. In this paper we address important aspects of both of these issues. First, assuming a perfect circular pickup loop, we examine the coupling to three-dimensional objects and arrive at a number of simple practical results for measurements on small samples with various geometries and positions. Second, we examine the nature of small superconducting pickup loop structures and the impact on scaling of factors such as connecting leads, local groundplanes and the superconducting penetration depth. We conclude that highly localized pickup areas of well under 1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ are possible with existing technology. >
Wavenumber-2 and Wavenumber-m Vortex Rossby Wave Instabilities in a Generalized Three-Region Model

A recent study using a discrete three-region nondivergent approximation for the inner-core region of a mature hurricane-like vortex fails to catch wavenumber-2 azimuthal shear instabilities that are observed in experiments and predicted by similar continuous model representations. With hurricane applications in mind, a generalized version of a piecewise uniform three-region vortex model is presented. The necessary and sufficient criteria for wavenumber-2 and -m instabilities are derived and discussed. The peculiar dynamics of vortex Rossby waves on a discrete circular waveguide elucidate why wavenumber-2 instabilities have been difficult to find in previous analyses and also demonstrate some of the idiosyncrasies of the discrete model. The physical structure of the instabilities is also briefly examined.
Light scattering from laser-induced shallow pits on silica exit surfaces

We study the formation of laser-induced shallow pits (LSPs) on silica output surfaces and relate these features to optical performance as a function of incident laser fluence. Typical characteristics of the LSPs morphology are presented. Closed-form expressions for the scattered power and far-field angular distribution are derived and validated using numerical calculations of both Fourier optics and FDTD solutions to Maxwell’s equations. The model predictions agree well with the measurements for precise profile micro-machined shallow pits on glass, and for pitting caused by laser cleaning of bound metal micro-particles at different fluences.
De novo gastric adenocarcinoma 1 year after sleeve gastrectomy in a transplant patient.

Abstract Introduction It has been reported in the literature that upper gastrointestinal malignancies after bariatric surgery are mostly gastro-esophageal, although it is not clear whether bariatric surgery represents a risk factor for the development of esophageal and/or gastric cancer. We report a case of a de novo gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a transplant patient 1 year after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Presentation of case A 44 year-old woman with a BMI of 38 kg/m 2 , hypertension, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple malignancies and a pancreas transplant underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient presented with intense dysphagias during the follow up. Studies were performed and the diagnoses of grade 2/3 adenocarcinoma were made. The patient underwent a robotic assisted total gastrectomy with a roux-en-y intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy. The procedure resulted in multiple metastasic lymph nodes, focal and transmural invasions to multiple organs with a tumor free margin resection. The patient presented with a postoperative pleural effusion, with no further complications. Discussion The diagnosis of gastroesophageal cancer after bariatric surgery is usually late since these patients have common upper gastrointestinal symptoms related to the procedure that could delay the diagnosis. De novo gastric cancer after sleeve gastrectomy has only been reported in one instance, in contrast with other bariatric surgery procedures. Conclusions No direct relation has been established between sleeve gastrectomy and the development of gastric cancer. Robotic procedures allow for complex multiorgan resections, while preserving the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
Print Journals: Off Site? Out of Site? Out of Mind?

With paper journals seemingly decreasing in importance, libraries need to consider issues of space allocation and storage of journal volumes. Space solutions may include shelving in open, closed, and/or compact shelving, mass storage in off-site, or onsite, facilities, or even discarding the paper and relying on electronic access. Any solution involving the current paper collections will have a serious impact on technical services. This workshop explores these issues in light of the experiences of Appalachian State University, which is in the planning stages of a new library.
Name correction for WGMOA and the requirements of new technical conditions

WGMOA does not contain series discharge gap, and acts immediately under operational inner overvoltage, and no longer take the effect of anti -lightning (arrester). WGMOA (SPD containing MOV) is actually a metal non-linear resister with negative temperature coefficient. The Chinese name of WGMOA should be corrected as "Alternating current metal oxide protector without gap", which may be briefly called "Overvoltage protector" or "Voltage limiter". Besides, to ensure the expected service period of WGMOA, i.e. working years without fault, it should carry out amperesecond characteristic and volt-second characteristic in type test. The type test should provide "Energy resource value" or "Specific energy value" and "permissible voltage value" with different duration of 0. 05 s～24 h, rated voltage value only with definition of 10 s does not be able to satisfy the demand of enduring power frequency overvoltage of power network. At the same time, to reach the requirement of insulation coordination with protected object (such as transformer etc. ), WGNOA should provide volt-ampere characteristic for the consumer.
Hemoglobin Jackson , α127(H10) Lys → Asn

A new hemoglobin mutant was detected as a fast-moving variant on cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.4. The mutation is in the alpha-chain at position 127, where lysine is substituted by asparagine. This is an external residue, and mutation at this site does not lead to any altered physiologic function of the hemoglobin.
The Social and Emotional Dimensions of a Single Item Overall School Readiness Screener and its Relation to Academic Outcomes

The purpose of the study was to examine the relations among a single item school readiness screener, social/emotional ratings, and academic performance. A prior study found that single item kindergarten readiness ratings completed in the fall predicted end-of-year academic and behavior outcomes even after controlling for baseline scores. Here, we attempted to extend these findings by using a single overall readiness item, an expanded rating scale for the item, and a comparison with other social and emotional ratings provided by teachers. Fifty-five teachers in 18 elementary school sites completed the overall readiness item on 893 kindergarten students. Teachers also completed Likert-type social emotional items and assessments of emergent literacy skills on all students. Results suggested that teachers use basic social behavior expectations in their judgments of readiness rather than extreme disruptive behaviors. In addition, the single item identified students who were below benchmark and not prepared to ...
Influence of timing, radiation, and reconstruction on complications and speech outcomes with tracheoesophageal puncture

Background We evaluated the impact of radiation, reconstruction, and timing of tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) on complications and speech outcomes. Methods Retrospective review identified 145 patients who underwent TEP between 2003 and 2007. Results Ninety-nine patients (68%) had primary and 46 (32%) had secondary TEP, with complications occurring in 65% and 61%, respectively (p = .96). Twenty-nine patients (20%) had major complications (18 primary and 11 secondary; p = .42). Ninety-four patients (65%) had pre-TEP radiation, 39 (27%) post-TEP radiation, and 12 (8%) no radiation. With patients grouped by TEP timing and radiation history, there was no difference in complications, fluency, or TEP use. With mean 4.7-year follow-up, 82% primary and 85% secondary used TEP for primary communication (p = .66). Free-flap patients used TEP more commonly for primary communication after secondary versus primary TEP (90% vs 50%; p = .02). Conclusion Primary and secondary tracheoesophageal speakers experience similar high rates of complications. Extent of pharyngeal reconstruction, rather than radiation, may be more important in selection of TEP timing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1765–1771, 2016
A History of the Academy of Human Resource Development An Introduction

The ProblemAs the founders of the Academy of Human Resource Development [AHRD] begin to retire, the story of the evolution of this academic field has not been captured.The SolutionThis issue looks ...
Reevaluation of Antioxidative Strategies for Birth Defect Prevention in Diabetic Pregnancies

Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy is the most severe maternal disease that is counted for 10% of newborn infants with structural defects. With the rapid increases in the number of diabetic women in childbearing age, the birth defect rate is projected to elevate dramatically. Thus, prevention of embryonic malformations becomes an urgent task. Animal studies have revealed an involvement of oxidative stress in diabetic embryopathy and treatment with antioxidants can reduce embryonic abnormalities. However, the failure of clinical trials using free radical-scavenging antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress-related diseases prompts researchers to reevaluate the strategy in birth defect prevention. Hyperglycemia also disturbs other intracellular homeostasis, generating aberrant conditions. Perturbed folding of newly synthesized proteins causes accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER under the stress activates signaling cascades, known as unfolded protein response, to suppress cell mitosis and/or trigger apoptosis. ER stress can be ameliorated by chemical chaperones, which promote protein folding. Hyperglycemia also stimulates the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2 (NOS2) to produce high levels of NO and reactive nitrogen species and augment protein nitrosylation and nitration, resulting in nitrosative stress. Inhibition of NOS2 using inhibitors has been demonstrated to reduce embryonic malformations in diabetic animals. Therefore, targeting ER and nitrosative stress conditions using specific agents to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies warrant further investigations. Simultaneously targeting multiple stress conditions using combined agents is a potentially effective and feasible approach.
Germs, Gels and Genomes. A Personal Recollection of 30 Years in Blood Safety Testing

Thirty years ago, there was but one test to assure the microbiological safety of the blood supply. This was accompanied by a donor questionnaire that focussed on a history of hepatitis, intravenous drug use and international travel. Today, we use 8 to 10 separate tests, designed to detect 12 different infection markers, and the latest version of the uniform donor questionnaire has no less that 32 separate questions (some of which are themselves multi-part), with more waiting in the wings. Over this period, philosophies have changed and cries for increased blood safety have now been replaced by petitions for financial relief to pay for increased blood safety measures. In this chapter, I will retrace some of this history of blood safety, with special reference to test methods. In parallel, I will consider the evolution of decision-making in this area, and will end by questioning the extent to which we, as blood bankers, may have become trapped in our own history.
Sex dependent mechanical properties of the human mandibular condyle.

The mandibular condyle consists of articular cartilage and subchondral bone that play an important role in bearing loads at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during static occlusion and dynamic mastication. The objective of the current study was to examine effects of sex and cartilage on 1) static and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) based dynamic energy storage and dissipation for the cartilage-subchondral bone construct of the human mandibular condyle, and 2) their correlations with the tissue mineral density and trabecular morphological parameters of subchondral bone. Cartilage-subchondral bone constructs were obtained from 16 individual human cadavers (9 males, 7 females, 79.00±13.10 years). After scanning with micro-computed tomography, the specimens were subjected to a non-destructive compressive static loading up to 7N and DMA using a cyclic loading profile (-5±2N at 2Hz). After removing the cartilage from the same specimen, the series of loading experiments were repeated. Static stiffness (K) and energy dissipation (W), and dynamic storage (K'), loss (K'') stiffness, and energy dissipation (tan δ) were assessed. Gray values, which are proportional to degree of bone mineralization, and trabecular morphological parameters of the subchondral bone were also measured. After removal of the cartilage, static energy dissipation significantly decreased (p 0.064). Many subchondral bone properties were significantly correlated with the overall mechanical behavior of the cartilage-subchondral bone constructs for males (p 0.054). However, after removal of cartilage from the constructs, all of the significant correlations were no longer found (p>0.057). The current findings indicate that the subchondral bone is responsible for bearing static and dynamic loading in males but not in females. This result indicates that the female condyle may have a mechanically disadvantageous TMJ loading environment.
Community Engagement in Two Fashion Merchandising and Apparel Design Curriculum Courses to Motivate Students to Learn about Sustainability Concepts

Learning about any concept, including sustainability, in the abstract is not very motivating. An elective and required course assigned classwork with nonprofit and business partners to motivate students to learn about sustainability. The elective course focused on textile waste, taught spring of 2015, partnered with Goodwill Industries to innovate new ideas to grow into business opportunities for unsold donated apparel and textiles. Student assignments were a technical feasibility, economic feasibility, poster presentation, and business plan to remake or remarket Goodwill's discarded and unsold apparel and textiles. A second course, Merchandise Planning, was taught in spring of 2016 and partnered with one nonprofit Water is Life Kenya and two women owned businesses that sell jewelry and accessories. Student assignments were product pricing and a 6-month merchandise plan. Student work and media coverage of the community engagement collaborations in the two courses show engaged students that demonstrate understanding of sustainability concepts.
Strain Multiplexed Metasurface Holograms on a Stretchable Substrate

We demonstrate reconfigurable phase-only computer-generated metasurface holograms with up to three image planes operating in the visible regime fabricated with gold nanorods on a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrate. Stretching the substrate enlarges the hologram image and changes the location of the image plane. Upon stretching, these devices can switch the displayed holographic image between multiple distinct images. This work opens up the possibilities for stretchable metasurface holograms as flat devices for dynamically reconfigurable optical communication and display. It also confirms that metasurfaces on stretchable substrates can serve as platform for a variety of reconfigurable optical devices.
Bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients with malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are an increasing cause of resistant infections among patients with malignancy. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by ESBL-PE in this population and to examine regional and temporal differences. The PubMed and EMBASE databases (to 30 April 2016) were searched to identify studies reporting ESBL-PE BSI rates among patients with malignancies. Of 593 non-duplicate reports, 22 studies providing data on 5650 BSI cases satisfied the inclusion criteria. Among all BSIs the pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE was 11% (95% CI 8–15%) and among Gram-negative BSIs it was 21% (95% CI 16–27%). Among patients with haematological malignancies, the pooled ESBL-PE prevalence was 11% (95% CI 8–15%), whereas no studies providing specific data on patients with solid tumours were identified. Stratifying per geographic region, the pooled prevalence was 7% each in Europe (95% CI 5–11%), the Eastern Mediterranean region (95% CI 4–11%) and South America (95% CI 2–14%), 10% in the Western Pacific region (95% CI 4–19%) and 30% in Southeast Asia (95% CI 18–44%). Importantly, there was a 7.1% annual increase in the ESBL-PE incidence ( P = 0.004). Overall, ca. 1 in 10 BSIs in patients with malignancy is caused by ESBL-PE and in some areas this rate can be as high as 1 in 3 cases. Additionally, the incidence of these resistant infections is rising. These findings should be considered when selecting empirical antimicrobial therapy and should prompt strict adherence to antimicrobial stewardship.
Scanning Capacitance Microscopy

As shown in Fig. 88.1, a very small MOS (metal–oxide–silicon) structure is formed by contacting the metallic tip of the AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) to the oxide surface of the silicon sample.
2018 Report: Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS):

Ball State University has had the privilege of serving as host institution for Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS) for 2 years. The purpose of SAS is to increase student membership and engagement in the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP), provide students with opportunities to learn and network, and highlight counseling students’ accomplishments. The SAS executive board developed two broad goals for the 2017–2018 year, including outreach to nonmember counseling students and engagement of SAS members. Inspired by the SCP and other divisions, SAS placed an emphasis on webinars as a means to engage and provide information to a geographically diverse membership base. The SAS executive board has conducted outreach, organized student programming, distributed funded awards, and had an active presence at various conferences. Furthermore, SAS has provided members with resources including networking, funding opportunities, and leadership positions.
Curcumin and Genistein Role in Regulation of STAT-3 in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignant tumors across the world. STAT-3 is involved in PC growth and metastasis. STAT-3 is a transcription factor that regulates many oncogenic transduction pathways. In the current chapter, we discuss the importance of STAT-3 in hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible genes. Further, we also explore the inhibition of STAT-3 by phytochemicals such as curcumin and genistein.
Atypical presentation of Sturge-Weber Syndrome. (P3.289)

Objective: Typically, Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) presents at young age, with variable clinical symptoms. SWS presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is rarely mentioned in the literature. We describe a patient presented with SAH and stroke like symptoms as the first presenting symptoms. Background: SWS is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by facial capillary malformation and capillary-venous malformations affecting the brain and eye. The criteria for the diagnosis of SWS include; port wine stains (PWS) of the face, and any combination of seizures, hemiparesis, mental retardation, glaucoma, or abnormal radiologic findings. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 36 year-old right-handed man with past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, who brought in to the emergency after he was found confused of unknown onset, slurred speech, left-sided hemiparesis and a left facial droop. On physical examination, he was noted to have right coloboma and PWS covering the right side of the face and body, left hemiparesis, slurred speech and left hemineglect. Non-contrast head CT followed by CT angiogram and perfusion protocol showed a perfusion asymmetry in the anterior right frontal lobe with decreased cerebral blood flow-maintained volume, but increased time to peak and mean transit time with no apparent occlusion on any major blood vessels. Initial MRI showed right fronto-parietal convexity subarachnoid bleeding. A lumbar puncture confirmed the SAH. Later on patient developed an area of infarction possibly secondary to vasospasm. His hospital course was complicated by new onset seizure, which was controlled with dual medications. Diagnostic cerebral angiogram revealed pial angioma along the right cortical convexity consistent with SWS. Conclusions: This is an unusual presentation of SWS. Commonly, patients present at early age with seizure and unlike our case patient presented with SAH and stroke like symptoms. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. E-Ghanmh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Said Said has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Muhammad has nothing to disclose.
Differentiating Flail Limb Syndrome from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P4.126)

Objective: This study investigates whether flail limb syndrome (FLS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) have quantifiable differences in respiratory status and compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Background: Classic ALS presents with upper and lower motor signs in the limbs, and progresses to include bulbar and diaphragmatic weakness. FLS represents a subgroup of patients with motor neuron disease (MND) that is predominantly a lower MND with profound and symmetric arm wasting and weakness (proximal more than distal), and sparing of the legs, bulbar muscles, and diaphragm. Design/Methods: A retrospective chart review from 2011 to 2016 identified cases of MND seen at Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School Neuromuscular Center. Patients with Kennedy’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, and multifocal motor neuropathy were excluded. Eleven cases of classic ALS (average age 57.6 years) and 12 cases of FLS (average age 52.7 years). The change of the forced vital capacity over time (FVC Δ) was assessed using a Mann-Whitney U-test. CMAP amplitude of the right median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves were similarly compared. Results: The peroneal and tibial nerve distal CMAP amplitudes were not significantly different between the groups; however, the distal CMAP’s of the median nerve (p = 0.04) and ulnar nerve (p=0.02) were significantly lower in cases with FLS. Similarly, FVC Δ was significantly lower (p=0.05) in the FLS group. Conclusions: The lower FVC Δ in the FLS group may suggest a relative sparing of the motor neurons at cervical levels C2–C4, thereby reducing respiratory compromise. The lower CMAP amplitudes in the arms of FLS cases reflect axonal loss in the arms, and correlate with the clinical arm weakness out of proportion to leg weakness. Monitoring FVC and upper extremity CMAP’s may be a useful tool to distinguish FLS from ALS. Disclosure: Dr. Kornitzer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feinstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Souayah has received personal compensation for activities Grifols as a consultant and/or speakers bureau participant.
The Effects of Gender and Race on Physician Treatment of Patient Emotion.

This study explored the effects of physician gender and patient gender and race on physician treatment of patient emotion. Physicians were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: receiving a White-male, White-female, Black-male, or Black-female patient case vignette. Analysis based on data from 225 physician respondents showed that female physicians were more likely to treat patient emotion and use strategies which approached rather than avoided emotion than male colleagues. However, an interaction effect among physician gender, type of practice, and practice setting revealed that male generalists practicing in institutional settings were more likely to treat patient emotion than female practitioners. When patients were White, emotion was considered more important and the client was more likely to receive treatment. Specifically, an interaction effect between patient gender and race indicated that physicians were least likely to avoid and most likely to treat the emotions of White females followed by White males.
EULER SUMS REVISITED

A large literature exists relating Riemann’s zeta function $$\zeta (s) = \sum\limits_{{k = 1}}^{\infty } {\frac{1}{{{k^s}}}}, \quad \Re (s)\; > \;1, $$ and partial sums of the harmonic series, $$ h(n) = \sum\limits_{{k = 1}}^n {\frac{1}{k}.} $$ Much of the research originated from two striking formulas discovered by Euler, $$ \sum\limits_{{n = 1}}^{\infty } {\frac{{h(n)}}{{{n^2}}}} = 2\zeta (3) $$ (1) , $$ \sum\limits_{{n = 1}}^{\infty } {\frac{{h(n)}}{{{n^3}}}} = \frac{5}{4}\zeta (4), $$ (2) and a recursion formula, also due to Euler, which states that for integer a ≥2 we have $$ \left( {a + \frac{1}{2}} \right)\zeta (2a) = \sum\limits_{{k = 1}}^{{a - 1}} {\zeta (2k)\zeta (2a - 2k).} $$ (3) For a = 2 and a =3 this gives ζ(4) =2/5ζ(2)2 and ζ(6) =8/35ζ(2)3. More generally, it shows that ζ(2) is a rational multiple of ζ(2) n. These results were rediscovered and extended by Ramanujan [11] and many others [1][5][6][8].
Presence of RPE-produced VEGF in a timely manner is critical to choroidal vascular development.

Choroidal circulation is responsible for approximately 80% of blood supplies to the eye and its health is essential to visual function. To gain better understanding of choroidal vascular system, we (1) generated mice with inducible disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and (2) developed a semiquantitative assay to evaluate the density of choroidal vessels in these mice. In this chapter, we report an improvement to our assay by staining choroidal vessels through perfusion of fluorescently labeled concanavalin A. We will also review our investigation on the temporal role of the RPE-produced VEGF in choroidal vascular development in mice. Our study establishes a timeline that the presence of the RPE-produced VEGF from embryonic day 10 to 15 is critical to choroidal vascular development. Therefore, mice with induced disruption of the RPE-produced VEGF after organogenesis do not have apparent developmental defects and may have utilities in investigating postdevelopmental function of VEGF, which is critical to the understanding of the relationship between the RPE and choriocapillaris in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
Management of Bacteriuria and Infection in Neurogenic Bladder

The ideal goal of preventing or eradicating bacteriuria or infection in patients with a neurogenic bladder has not been attainable. Terminology and definitions are important in understanding this subject. The difficulty in accurately determining localization and tissue invasion of the bacteriuria is described herein and is a major factor in treatment decisions. The recent report of the Consensus Validation Conference, "The Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infections Among People with Spinal Cord Injuries," sponsored by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, has been used as a reference source and lends support by a group of experts on this subject.
Efficient estimate of residual stress variance using complex variable finite element methods

Abstract The incorporation of residual stress states into structural components is often used to improve fatigue performance. However there is frequently significant uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the induced residual stresses due to variation in material properties, loading, geometry, the thermo/mechanical processes, and measurement uncertainty. This variation should be quantified to have confidence that desired residual stress state has been induced and that the probability of failure over the operating life of the structural component has been reduced. This research demonstrates an approximate but efficient method whereby the variance in the residual stress state is estimated using a first order Taylor series approximation. The key component of the method consists of evaluating the sensitivities of the residual stresses with respect to random variables by performing a few complex-variable finite element analyses. The method was verified by approximating the residual stress variance of a sphere subjected to an autofrettage process and having random input parameters. The analysis was performed for two material models, elastic-perfectly plastic and bilinear isotropic hardening. The variance approximations provided by the proposed method were compared against Monte Carlo sampling estimates. For the elastic-perfectly plastic case, the Monte Carlo sampling was conducted on the analytical solution of the residual stress field. This numerical example required the derivation of analytical expressions of the residual stresses and their sensitivities to the random variables for the cases of full or partial yielding during loading and reverse yielding during unloading. For the bilinear isotropic hardening material model, the Monte Carlo sampling was conducted on a finite element model of the sphere. The proposed method provided good accuracy and required less than 2% of the computational time required for the Monte Carlo sampling approach. In addition, this new approach provides sensitivity information regarding the contribution of each random variable to the overall variance of the residual stress state.
Being the Bible: Sacred Bodies and Iconic Books in Bring Your Bible to School Day

Bring Your Bible to School Day has been a rapidly growing annual event in US schools since 2014. It involves a ritual with the processional object, the Bible in its many personalized variations, operating as an icon that invokes the presence of God and legitimizes evangelical Christians who see themselves as the agents of God’s return to American schools and society. In this ritual, the Bible also functions to index its possessors as affected biblical bodies, or visible manifestations of God’s word. This article analyzes the activities and discourses surrounding Bring Your Bible to School Day in light of material attitudes and practices in Protestant Christianity, including iconoclasm and biblicism, and recent scholarship on iconic books.
Microwave Heating Study of Dielectric Material Placed at the Injection Port of an E-Plane Bend

Microwave heating of dielectric window material placed at the injection port of an E-Plane Bend is investigated in this study. 2.45 GHz microwave power is injected into a matched load through a microwave injection hardware consisting of one WR340 rectangular waveguide section and an E-plane waveguide bend. A 3-stub tuning arrangement is used to obtain a matched condition. Teflon is considered here as the dielectric window material, placed between WR340 waveguide section and E-plane bend. This study is essentially needed to know peak temperature of the dielectric material (Teflon) at various microwave power of 500W, 750W and 1kW. The objective of the work is to investigate the temperature rise in Teflon along with microwave injection hardware over predetermined time periods. The steady-state temperature analysis has also been carried out to stimulate the knowledge about the temperature variation in Teflon window, affecting loss tangent, at aforementioned power levels.
Cholinergic leukocytes in sepsis and at the neuroimmune junction in the spleen.

The spleen is a key participant in the pathophysiology of sepsis and inflammatory disease. Many splenocytes exhibit a cholinergic phenotype, but our knowledge regarding their cholinergic biology and how they are affected by sepsis is incomplete. We evaluated effects of acute sepsis on the spleen using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in C57BL/6 and ChATBAC-eGFP mice. Quantification of cholinergic gene expression showed that choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) are present and that VAChT is upregulated in sepsis, suggesting increased capacity for release of acetylcholine (ACh). High affinity choline transporter is not expressed but organic acid transporters are, providing additional mechanisms for release. Flow cytometry studies identified subpopulations of cholinergic T and B cells as well as monocytes/macrophages. Neither abundance nor GFP intensity of cholinergic T cells changed in sepsis, suggesting that ACh synthetic capacity was not altered. Spleens have low acetylcholinesterase activity, and the enzyme is localized primarily in red pulp, characteristics expected to favor cholinergic signaling. For cellular studies, ACh was quantified by mass spectroscopy using d4-ACh internal standard. Isolated splenocytes from male mice contain more ACh than females, suggesting the potential for gender-dependent differences in cholinergic immune function. Isolated splenocytes exhibit basal ACh release, which can be increased by isoproterenol (4 and 24 h) or by T cell activation with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 (24 h). Collectively, these data support the concept that sepsis enhances cholinergic function in the spleen and that release of ACh can be triggered by stimuli via different mechanisms.
Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection combined with rehabilitation therapy on plantarflexion deformity caused by lower limbs spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: A clinical efficacy observation

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection combined with rehabilitation therapy on plantarflexion deformity in cerebral palsy (CP) children with lower limbs spasticity.Methods Forty-seven CP children with plantarflexion deformity caused by lower limb spasticity were selected,and were divided into injection group (24 cases) and control group (23 cases) according to the random number table.Both groups were given rehabilitation therapy.The injection group received ultrasoundguided BTX-A injection as an addition.All children were given comprehensive assessment of lower limb spasticity before BTX-A treatment and 2 weeks,1 month,3 months and 6 months after the treatment by use of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),ankle passive range of motion (PROM) and gross motor function measurement scale-88 (GMFM-88) D area (standing) and E area(walking,running and jumping).Results At baseline,there were not significantly differences between the two groups in terms of MAS,PROM and GMFM-88 (P ＞ 0.05).At 2 weeks,1 month,3 months and 6 months after the treatment,the injection group improved significantly with regard to all the parameters when compared to the baseline (P ＜ 0.05).The control group also improved with all the parameters at 1,3 and 6 months after the treatment (P ＜ 0.05).It was also shown that the injection group improved to a significantly greater extent than the control group at all the time points after treatment with regard to all the assessment parameters (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided BTX-A injection combined with rehabilitation therapy can quickly relieve the plantarflexion deformity in CP children.It is worthy of clinical application and promotion. Key words: Botulinum toxin; Ultrasound; Cerebral palsy; Lower limb spasticity; Plantarflexion deformity; Rehabilitation therapy