cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotions in Social Relationships and Their Implications for Health and Disease: Introduction to the Special Issue of Psychosomatic Medicine

Social relationships and emotions are important to health and disease, but research in this area has largely progressed along parallel and distinct historical paths. These areas are critically linked because relationships are among the most powerful elicitors of health-relevant emotions and emotions can in turn influence relationships for better or worse. Conceptually, relationships and emotions can have mediational, reciprocal, and interactive influences on health outcomes, associations that seem dependent on the broader sociocultural context. The articles in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine are based on a joint meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society and the Society for Affective Science titled "Emotions in social relationships: implications for health and disease." Recent research and conceptual models that fall at the interface of relationships, emotions, and health are highlighted in this special issue. Future work that capitalizes on these links will be critical if this area is to fulfill its potential in terms of new scientific insights and intervention opportunities.
Antimicrobial Agents Used in Food Preservation or as Agricides and Effect on Microbes in Developing Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial agents are used as preservatives in various foods to extend shelf-life and inhibit microbial growth. In addition, disinfectants are used to decontaminate and sanitize processing surfaces. Recently, there has been considerable interest in microbial adaptation and resistance to antimicrobials that are used in foods and disinfectants. However, the sources of antimicrobial resistance from the food and processing plant have not been well established. In this chapter, the effect of using antimicrobial agents in foods and food processing environments, including organics acids, alkaline agents, oxidative and quaternary ammonium compounds have been discussed along with the adaptation of microbial tolerance to these chemicals.
Metasurface-Based Method for Broadband RCS Reduction of Dihedral Corner Reflectors With Multiple Bounces

A broadband technique to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of complex targets is presented. In such targets, multiple-bounce mechanism dominates their RCS. The proposed technique demonstrates that by treating the multiple-bounce mechanism as a cascaded phenomenon, the problem then simplifies to identifying and implementing a set of orthogonal functions. Robust guidelines for avoiding grating lobes are provided using array theory. The 90° dihedral corner is used to verify the proposed technique. Measurements are reported for a fabricated prototype with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) technology where a 70% RCS-reduction bandwidth is observed. To generalize the method, a 45° dihedral corner, with quadruple-bounce mechanism, is considered. Generalized guidelines are summarized and applied to reduce the RCS of complex targets using the proposed method.
Potential Demand Reduction from Buildings in a Simulated Utility

The availability of large-area sensing, scalable algorithms, and high-performance computing has enabled the possibility of urban-scale building energy modeling using new methods not limited to the scalability of manual building energy model creation or retrieval of county-by-county tax assessor's data. Automatic Building detection and Energy Model creation (AutoBEM) has created 178,368 building energy models for the Electric Power Board (EPB) of Chattanooga, TN, and compared simulation performance to 15-minute data from each building. These models leverage several data sources (e.g. imagery, GIS, utility), software tools to extract building properties (e.g. footprint, height, facade type, window-to-wall ratio, occupancy, building type), simulate at scale on two of the world's #1 fastest supercomputers, and provide web-based visual analytics. Grid-interactive efficient buildings offer the potential to reduce utility and rate-payer energy costs during each calendar month's hour of critical generation -- when the least efficient, most costly, and often dirtiest generation assets must be brought online. In this paper, EnergyPlus is used to simulate over 150,000 buildings to assess the technical potential of utility-controlled smart thermostats. This is analyzed under a couple scenarios leveraging buildings as thermal batteries via pre-conditioning to coast through peak hours. Results are provided in box and whisker plots assessing the distribution of peak demand reduction at the utility-scale along with breakouts of energy and demand savings by building type and vintage.
Non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring and neurovascular coupling assessment in the context of brain injury (Conference Presentation)

Cerebral blood flow regulation is impaired in many diseases and treatment based on optimizing blood flow regulation is promising for patient outcome, but may require intracranial pressure (ICP) to be known. We have recently developed a non-invasive alternative based on a combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. This talk will summarize the optical imaging setup, experimental procedures, and data analysis. Data from non-human primates as well as clinical data from pediatric critical care patients will be presented. We will further present data on neurovascular coupling during ICP changes, suggesting a link between blood flow regulation and neuronal activity.
Investigation on gynecological diseases of aged women dwelling in old districts of Guangzhou

Objective To understand the reproductive health status of older reproductive aged women living in old districts of Guangzhou,discuss the women health care and prevention strategies with pertinence and improve the health education services.Methods A total of 615 aged women with gynecological diseases were investigated who dwelled in old districts of Guangzhou.Results The main gynecological diseases were infertility ( 30.41％ ),vaginitis ( 17.89％ ),uterine fibroids ( 15.12％ ),and chronic cervicitis ( 10.08％ ).Thedifferences of the morbidities of infertility,vaginitis,uterine fibroids and chronic cervicitis were significant (x2 =57,45,21,15,respectively,P ＜ 0.05) between working women group and homemaker group.Conclusions Infertility is the principal disease affecting the health of older reproductive aged women dwelling in old districts of Guangzhou.Reproductive health status of these women should be concemed.Health education should be started from young people and the propaganda of reproductive health knowledge in the community,enterprises and institutions should be strengthened in order to reduce the risk of gynecological diseases.Meanwhile,the surveys of gynecological diseases are recommended to be carried out in old districts of Guangzhou to improve reproductive health levels and the quality of life of older reproductive aged women. Key words: Resident population of Guangzhou; Older reproductive aged women; Gynecological diseases; Health care
cDNA array analysis of the gene expression profile regarding the sensitivity of esophageal carcinomas to chemotherapy

4417 BACKGROUND: In lower rectal cancer, we examined the pathological effectsof preoperative radiotherapy (PreRad) on intramural spread of tumor and risk factors for local recurrence, including tumor deposit, sprouting, and lymph node micrometastasis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among 94 patients, 47 patients received Pre Rad (50Gy )(Rad (+) group), whereas 47 did not (Rad (-) group). Intramural spread of tumor was evaluated between the Rad (+) and Rad (-) groups. Intramural spread of a tumor is measured as the length from the mucosal margin to the invasive front in the submucosal or deeper layer. For analysis of tumor deposit, sprouting, and lymph node micrometastasis, 25 stage-matched patients were selected in both groups. Tumor deposit is defined as isolated tumor cells in fatty tissue surrounding the rectum. Sprouting was defined as isolated cancer cells or microtubular cancer nests at the invasive front of the tumor. LN micro-metastasis was observed as cluster up to five cancer cells identified with cytokeratin but unable to identified ordinary H&E staining. RESULTS: Intramural spread of tumor was significantly decreased in the Rad (+) group, compared with the Rad (-) group. The Rad (+) group showed a significant decrease in tumor deposit, sprouting, and lymph node micrometastasis, compared with the Rad (-) group. In the Rad (-) group, the frequency of tumor deposit and sprouting were significantly higher in patients with overt lymph node metastases than patients without, whereas there was no significant difference in the Rad (+) group. CONCLUSION: Intramural spread of tumor and tumor deposit, sprouting, and lymph node micrometastasis were significantly decreased in the Rad (+) group, compared with the Rad (-) group. These results suggested effectiveness of Pre Rad for sphincter preservation, as well as for decreasing the local recurrence rate.
Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosomes, Followed by Immunofluorescence Analysis of Chromatin Structure by Multi-fluorescence Correlations

Drosophila larval salivary gland polytene chromosome squashes have been used for decades to analyze genome-wide protein-binding patterns, transcriptional activation processes, and changes in chromatin structure at specific genetic loci. There have been many evolutions of the squashing protocol over the years, with sub-optimal reproducibility and low sample success rate as accepted caveats. However, low sample success rates are an obvious disadvantage when polytene chromosomes are used for more high-throughput approaches, such as genetic or antibody screens, or for experiments requiring high-quality chromosome structure preservation. Here we present an exceptionally reproducible squashing and fluorescence staining protocol, which generates high-quality fluorescence images on well-spread chromosomes. This is followed by our novel, semi-automated MATLAB analysis program used to determine correlations between fluorescence signals of interest at a single site on polytene chromosomes, in a pixel-by-pixel manner. In our case, we have used this approach to assess chromatin changes at genomic sites, ectopically targeted by nuclear pore proteins. The use of our analysis program increases the ability to make unbiased conclusions on changes in chromatin structure, or in protein recruitment to chromatin, regardless of sample variation in immunofluorescence staining. As it is simply based upon differences in fluorescence intensity at a defined location, the provided analysis program is not limited to analysis of polytene chromosome, and could be applied to many different contexts where correlation between fluorescent signals at any particular location is of interest.
Implementation of a High-Flow Nasal Cannula Protocol for Viral Lower Respiratory Infections

Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission for infants in the US. Evidence supports the use of HFNC for bronchiolitis. The use of HFNC was not standardized in our children’s hospital. We identified the need of an evidence based protocol for the treatment of bronchiolitis and initiated a children’s hospital quality improvement (QI) effort. Methods: In our single center QI project we created a HFNC protocol guiding physicians, RTs and RNs on the introduction and titration of HFNC in children 0-36 months with bronchiolitis. The pilot went live 12/18- 1/19 with HFNC Bronchiolitis Protocol 1.0 which included a previously published respiratory assessment tool to guide HFNC titration. Staff was surveyed through face to face conversation and e-mail seeking feedback. The protocol was changed and re-implemented 2/19 with HFNC Bronchiolitis Protocol 2.0. This 2nd version the initiated flows changed and a new Respiratory Assessment Classification (RAC) was created based on qualitative feedback from staff. Results: Qualitative analyses of our Protocol have been overall positive. Version 1.0 included a published respiratory assessment tool. However, staff reported the tool too complicated and we found staff titrated HFNC per clinical judgment versus protocol. We queried staff for clinical indicators used for titration of HFNC and identified 3 top criteria: breathing frequency, WOB, and mental status. Staff reported the first tool was complicated and time consuming. We adapted a 2nd tool to create the Respiratory Assessment Classification (RAC) that classifies a patient’s status as mild, moderate, or severe. Qualitative data from the 2nd version show staff find the RAC easy to use and that HFNC is titrated most often per protocol versus clinical judgment. Initial flows were increased with 2.0. RTs reported desire to “dial in” the initiation flow for a patient during version 1.0. Version 2.0 allowed for titration 1-2 L/kg for patients with Moderate RAC, and then 2 L/kg up to max of 20 L for those with Severe RAC. Following the second implementation, staff reported increased confidence with higher flows. Conclusions: A simplified respiratory assessment tool that includes common clinical categories used by staff for HFNC titration is better received than more complex published assessment tools and leads to HFNC titration in a protocolized manner. Our protocol has provided RTs and RNs with more autonomy and confidence in the use of higher flows.
Walking droplets in a Faraday-Talbot corral

In this experiment we study the motion of a walking droplet on the surface of a vibrated fluid, where the drop is confined within a circular corral defined by an array of pillars that protrude through the surface of the fluid. We demonstrate that in a certain acceleration range, just below the Faraday threshold, the long-time statistics of the droplet motion correlates with the eigenmode of the corral, referred to as the Faraday-Talbot pattern.
Effects of divalent cations on Schaffer collateral axon function.

Previously, we reported that distal Schaffer collaterals undergo biphasic changes in excitability during high-frequency stimulation (HFS), with an early hyper-excitability period followed by an excitability depression period. The extracellular divalent cations calcium and magnesium can regulate membrane excitability in neuronal tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that altering the concentrations of extracellular calcium and magnesium would alter the biphasic excitability changes. We tested this hypothesis by recording distal Schaffer collateral fiber volleys in stratum radiatum of hippocampal area CA1 during 100 Hz HFS in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF) containing normal and altered concentrations of extracellular divalent cations. Our normal ACSF contained 2.0 mM calcium and 2.0 mM magnesium. We examined four solutions with altered divalent cation concentrations: (1) high-calcium/low-magnesium (3.8 mM/0.2 mM), (2) low-calcium/high-magnesium (0.2 mM/3.8 mM), (3) high-calcium/normal-magnesium (3.8 mM/2.0 mM), or (4) normal-calcium/high-magnesium (2.0 mM/10.0 mM), and assessed the effects on Schaffer collateral responses. Increasing or decreasing extracellular calcium enhanced or reduced (respectively) the early hyper-excitable period whereas increasing extracellular magnesium reduced the later excitability depression. Because these results might be explained by altered calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels, we tested CaV blockers (ω-agatoxin IVA, ω-conotoxin-GVIA, cadmium), but observed no effects on responses during HFS. Some of the effects of altered divalent cation concentration may be explained by altered membrane surface charge. Although this mechanism does not completely explain our findings, calcium influx through CaV channels is not required.
Physicians at the crossroad of prognosis and faith: practical help communicating with patients and families during the COVID-19 pandemic

Physicians will ultimately face the necessary but unpleasant task of caring for a dying patient at some point in their careers. Communicating with patients or their families during such dire times is very important especially when the patient or family members have unrealistic expectations. Herein, we have highlighted practical suggestions which if applied can prevent unnecessary draining encounters with patients and families; for example, incorporating ancillary staff such as palliative and pastoral care into the care team. We have also proposed a new concept of 'physician optimism'. Based on this concept, the physician can be classified as a pessimist or an optimist with realistic or unrealistic expectations and communicate to patients with or without requisite empathy. To ensure the best outcomes, we conclude that physicians must be realistic optimists who always communicate with empathy. Unrealistic optimism, no matter how well-intentioned, is deceiving to patients and their families will never allow a culture of trust.
Global Attractors and Basic Turbulence

We consider a dynamical system defined by a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) on a Banach space X. If for reasonably smooth initial data there exist unique solutions exhibiting complex nonlocal irregular behaviour, we say that the system is turbulent. This turbulence will be called basic turbulence if it can be described by a low-dimensional dynamical system of ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). It was proposed by Ruelle and Takens1, in 1971, that chaotic dynamics on a strange attractor was the cause of basic turbulence, but two fundamental problems have hampered progress for 20 years. The first one is that the estimates on the dimension of the ODE system that have been obtained for turbulent systems, have typically indicated that this system is too large to be useful. A system of a hundred or more ODE’s is no more useful that the discretization of the original PDE and its numerical orbits. The second problem is even more fundamental; the center manifold used by Ruelle and Takens1 is local, in phase space, whereas turbulence is necessarily a global phenomenon.
Full-Scale Tests on Single-Tapered Glulam Members

Analytical and experimental studies were conducted on Glulam members with tapered configuration. Full-scale flexural tests were conducted under working loads. Three different geometries were investigated; namely a beam, an arch leg and an arch rafter. Each geometry was replicated in Douglas-fir and Southern pine species. Strain and deflection were measured and compared with theoretical predictions obtained by a finite element modeling. Load tests were also performed to failure. Stress results indicate that current design computations yield highly conservative stress levels. A commonly used interaction equation is evaluated in light of the ultimate strength results observed in the tests to destruction.
Matrices and linear Equations

You have met linear equations in elementary school. Linear equations are simply equations like 2x+y+ z= 1, 5x—y+7z=0. You have learned to solve such equations by the successive elimination of the variables. In this chapter, we shall review the theory of such equations, dealing with equations in n variables, and interpreting our results from the point of view of vectors. Several geometric interpretations for the solutions of the equations will be given.
Social Work Education and Services for the Handicapped: Unfulfilled Responsibilities—Unrealized Opportunities

Abstract The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to provide evidence that social work education has not met its responsibility to the handicapped, and (2) to challenge educators to prepare students more adequately for this area of service. Data from a 1979 survey of social work schools is used to illustrate the status of curricular response to the needs of the handicapped. A curriculum study conducted in 1959 by the CSWE is used to compare current and past responses to this special population. We conclude that social work education has, since the 1950s, failed to respond adequately to the needs of this group. The Commission on Educational Planning drafts of the CSWE Curriculum Policy Statement are cited to demonstrate continuing neglect of this special population. Suggestions are presented for enriching curricula and providing leadership in this area.
Determinism, Complexity, and Predictability in Computer Performance

Computers are deterministic dynamical systems (CHAOS 19:033124, 2009). Among other things, that implies that one should be able to use deterministic forecast rules to predict their behavior. That statement is sometimes-but not always-true. The memory and processor loads of some simple programs are easy to predict, for example, but those of more-complex programs like compilers are not. The goal of this paper is to determine why that is the case. We conjecture that, in practice, complexity can effectively overwhelm the predictive power of deterministic forecast models. To explore that, we build models of a number of performance traces from different programs running on different Intel-based computers. We then calculate the permutation entropy-a temporal entropy metric that uses ordinal analysis-of those traces and correlate those values against the prediction success
Jointly Optimal MAC and Transport Layers in CDMA Broadband Networks

In this paper, we focus on cross-layer (MAC and transport) design for variable-rate CDMA networks. First, we formulate the cross-layer rate assignment task as a constrained convex optimization problem. Next, we develop two sets of distributed feedback algorithms to solve this problem - one which merges the rate assignments at the MAC and transport layers (one-shot), and one which coordinates them (modular). We show that both sets of algorithms converge to the same equilibrium. In particular, we show that the addition of queues between the transport and MAC layers can actually facilitate the coordination required for the modular algorithm with only minimal modification to existing protocols. Practical distributed implementation and its impact on the convergence of both algorithms is addressed.
Collusion vs. superiority: A Monte Carlo analysis

Abstract This paper develops a Monte Carlo procedure which simulates regression equations characteristic of the profit-concentration literature, given knowledge (lacking in empirical work) of the underlying parameters' true values. It is shown that concentration's coefficient in an industry profit-concentration regression may overestimate, underestimate or accurately reflect the impact of monopoly power on price depending on the assumed underlying model. Current empirical evidence, however, tends to be more consistent with the model that predicts concentration overestimates the monopoly power effect.
Techniques for implementing fast processor simulators

In this paper we describe techniques that enable the implementation of a fast processor simulator. These techniques have been used to implement a detailed out-of-order processor simulator called Turandot that executes over 350 million instructions per hour.
Sex chromosome disorders

Because sex chromosome disorders frequently result in abnormalities of sexual differentiation, the two subjects are usually discussed together in medical texts. The biology of human sexual differentiation and the pathophysiology of associated defects were discussed in the previous chapter. This chapter examines sex chromosome disorders from a genetic perspective, emphasizing unique features, such as X inactivation and dosage compensation, X-Y recombination, and male-specific functions of the Y chromosome. Table 58-1 summarizes karyotype, genotype, and phenotype data for selected disorders included in this chapter. The reader should consult an endocrinology textbook for more information about the clinical features of the various disorders.
A Qualitative Exploration of a Music Experience Within a Counselor Education Sexuality Course

Counseling students commonly experience discomfort when learning to engage with vulnerable content areas (i.e., sexuality). This qualitative study focused on exploring counseling students’ (N = 12) responses to an experiential activity involving music. The researchers identified themes related to the learning process and influences on sexuality.
A description of the CIDR system as used for TDT-2

We describe several experimental parameters and a parallelization technique used in our online document clustering system, CIDR. These modifications were introduced into CIDR to reduce the running time so that incoming documents be clustered in almost real time. We discuss how several of these parameters are justified on linguistic grounds and report preliminary quantitative results on the effects that these parameters have on speed and accuracy.
XML and the new design regime: disputes between designers, application developers, authors, and readers in changing technological conditions and perceptions of social and professional need

In this study I attempt (a) to specify a theory that explains the historical character of change or transition in the production of written artifacts, and (b) use that theory to cast light on a particular instance of change or transition in the production of written artifacts, that of the Web, principally, the issue of structured markup and discussions about precisely what a structured Web should look like, the work it should do, and so forth. What I attempt to identify, describe, and analyze, are the norms and conventions that govern the production of written discourse.
TCDD alters medial epithelial cell differentiation during palatogenesis.

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) is a widely distributed, persistent environmental contaminant that is teratogenic in mice, where it induces hydronephrosis and cleft palate. The incidence of clefting has been shown to be dose dependent after exposure on either gestation Day (GD) 10 or 12, although the embryo is more susceptible on GD 12. TCDD-exposed palatal shelves meet but do not fuse, and programmed cell death of the medial epithelial cells is inhibited. The mechanism of action through which TCDD alters the program of medial cell development has not been examined in earlier studies, and it is not known whether the mechanism is the same regardless of the dose or developmental stage of exposure. In this study, C57BL 6N mice, a strain sensitive to TCDD, were dosed orally on GD 10 or 12 with 0, 6, 12, 24, or 30 μg/kg body wt, in 10 ml corn oil/kg. Embryonic palatal shelves were examined on GD 14, 15, or 16. The degree of palatal closure, epithelial surface morphology, and cellular ultrastructure, the incorporation of [ 3 H]TdR, the expression of EGF receptors, and the binding of 125 I-EGF were assessed. After exposure on GD 10 or 12, TCDD altered the differentiation pathway of the medial epithelial cells. The palatal shelves were of normal size and overall morphology, but fusion of the medial epithelia of the opposing shelves did not occur. TCDD prevented programmed cell death of the medial peridermal cells. The expression of EGF receptors by medial cells continued through Day 16 and the receptors were able to bind ligand. The medial cells differentiated into a stratified, squamous, keratinizing epithelium. The shift in phenotype to an oral-like epithelium occurred after exposure on either GD 10 or 12. At the lower dose (6 μg/kg), fewer cleft palates were produced, but those shelves which did respond had a fully expressed shift in differentiation. Whether the exposure begins on GD 10 or 12 or whether the dosing level produces only a few cleft palates within a litter, TCDD produced cleft palate by altering the differentiation program of the medial cells.
Vegetation structure in relation to micro-landform in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on Amami Ohshima Island, south-west Japan

The relationship between micro-landform and vegetation structure was studied in a plot that was established on a slope from the ridge to the valley bottom in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on Amami Ohshima Island, south-west Japan. Five micro-landform units recognized in the plot were grouped into the upper and lower slopes by their location in relation to the erosion front, and plant distributions and vegetation structure were compared between them. Although small trees with d.b.h. less than 10 cm occurred almost all over the plot, the occurrence of larger trees was limited mostly to the upper slope. Based on the spatial distribution pattern in the plot, woody species are classified into three groups: group A mostly or strictly confined to the upper slope; group B confined to the lower slope; and group C associated statistically with neither slope. A well-developed forest stand, whose dominant species wereCastanopsis sieboldii ssp.lutchuensis andSchima wallichii, was seen on the upper slope, whereas only a poorly developed stand was seen on the lower slope. The difference in stability of the land surface is likely to be the major cause of the observed differences in stand structure between the upper and lower slopes. It is suggested that the erosion front is important as a line demarcating different habitats within a slope from the ridge to the valley bottom.
Value of Orthopnea, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea, and Medications in Prospective Population Studies of Incident Heart Failure

Prospective population studies of incident heart failure (HF) are often limited by difficulties in assembling HF-free cohorts. In this study, public-use copies of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) data sets were used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), with and without the use of medications used in CHS HF criteria (diuretics plus digoxin or vasodilators), in the diagnosis of prevalent HF and in the assembly of a relatively HF-free population. Of the 5,771 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years, 803 had orthopnea, 660 had PND, 1,075 had either symptom, 388 had both symptoms, 547 were using HF medications, and 4,315 had neither symptom and were not using HF medications. Definite HF was centrally adjudicated in 272 participants. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for either orthopnea or PND were 52% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46% to 58%), 83% (95% CI 82% to 84%), 13% (95% CI 11% to 15%), and 97% (95% CI 97% to 98%), respectively, and those for either orthopnea or PND or the use of HF medications were 77% (95% CI 72% to 82%), 77% (95% CI 76% to 79%), 14% (95% CI 13% to 16%), and 99% (95% CI 98% to 99%), respectively. In conclusion, only
Median Lethal Concentration and Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

This study was conducted to determine dose-mortality response of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and its effect on sunflower seed damage and yield. Of B. thuringiensis products tested, Cutlass AF and Javelin WG had the lowest LC50 values and highest slopes and relative potencies for C. hospes. Javelin WG was superior to the other B. thuringiensis materials tested and to Asana XL in preventing seed damage. Sunflower heads sprayed with Javelin WG had higher yields than sunflower heads sprayed with Asana XL or the other B. thuringiensis products tested. Asana XL is a standard chemical insecticide and is considered to give good control of banded sunflower moth. As an alternative to Asana XL, any of the B. thuringiensis products tested could be employed for control of C. hospes larvae and to reduce the impact on beneficials in sunflower fields.
The underuse of insulin therapy in North America

At least 8% of the combined population of the United States (US) and Canada have diabetes, and in about one-third of these people, the disease is undiagnosed [1]. Diabetes is not evenly distributed geographically, and there is surprisingly little consensus among categories of medical providers as to when and how intensive insulin therapy should be initiated. Although some physicians worry that insulin therapy may promote insulin resistance or increase the risk of cardiovascular events, the best current clinical evidence suggests that such fears are largely unfounded. Similarly, new evidence shows that the weight gain associated with insulin therapy is by no means always dramatic or progressive. The view that insulin is not effective in type 2 diabetes, although common in the US, is not shared by physicians experienced and skillful in its use and is refuted by recent clinical studies. Promising new patterns of insulin use in type 2 patients are emerging in the US: the availability of insulin as a single dose, rather than moving directly to multiple daily injections; the practice of continuing rather than stopping oral agents when an evening insulin dose is added; and the use of new insulins and insulin-sensitizing agents that facilitate therapy and increase its effectiveness. Several new treatment options are discussed.
A sentential subject asymmetry in English and its implications for complement selection

Abstract. In this article, I defend a particular solution to a long-standing problem concerning the syntactic behavior of the verb seem—namely, its failure to take a sentential subject (*That the Giants lost the World Series seems). I show that this restriction follows straightforwardly if, following Koster (1978), sentential subjects are analyzed as topic phrases linked to a phonetically null DP in Spec,IP. I further suggest that this DP is an argument (not an expletive) and that it eventually undergoes A′-movement, making sentential subject constructions a species of the null operator constructions discussed in Chomsky 1977. The analysis is supported by (i) active/passive asymmetries involving sentential subjects, (ii) agreement phenomena, (iii) restrictions on A′-movement across sentential subjects, (iv) parallels between sentential subject and CP-topicalization constructions, and (v) the distribution of embedded sentential subjects. The analysis also correctly predicts certain facts concerning the co-occurrence of seem and sentential subjects in raising constructions. An interesting consequence of the analysis is that some form of idiosyncratic selection for DP complementation must be available within the lexicon, contrary to what has been suggested elsewhere.
The Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses of Resident-Managed Public Housing Sites in the United States

The federal government has initiated an effort to encourage public housing residents to manage and own their developments. Notwithstanding the public attention resident management has received, the...
BYSSINOSIS : ROLE OF POLYMER LENGTH ON THE EFFECT OF TANNIN ON THE AIRWAY BETA -ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR

Tannin, isolated from cotton bracts and implicated in the pathogenesis of byssinosis, inhibits isoproterenol and forskolin-stimulated cAMP release from airway cells in part by decreasing cell surface β-adrenergic receptor number and uncoupling the β-adrenergic receptor from its stimulatory G-protein (Gs) and in part by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity. We have hypothesized that cotton tannin, because of its long polymer length, interacts with the hydrophobic binding pocket of the β-adrenergic receptor and alters β-adrenergic receptor binding and Gs coupling. In these studies, tannins of three different polymer lengths and molecular masses were isolated from cotton bracts using sequential Amicon ultrafiltration [molecular mass > 10,000 (YM10 retentate), 1,000–10,000 (YM10 filtrate), and 1,000–5,000 Da (YM2 retentate)]. The YM10 retentate (25 μg/ml) decreased chloride secretion (Jnet = 1.11 ± 0.28 (control) to 0.59 ± 0.18 μEq/cm2·h, p < 0.05, n= 6), decreased cell surface β-adrenergic receptor number (18.0 ± 1.8 (control) to 10.6 ± 0.9 fmol/mg protein, p < 0.02, n= 4), and inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP release (5,254 ± 1,290 (control) to 2,968 ± 620 pmol/mg protein, p < 0.01, n= 8). In contrast, neither the YM10 filtrate nor the YM2 retentate had any effect on net chloride secretion, β-adrenergic cell surface receptor number, or forskolin-stimulated cAMP release. We conclude that polymer length is essential for the effect of tannin on the β-adrenergic receptor and on adenylyl cyclase.
An All-Natural Adhesive for Bonding Wood

A novel adhesive that is solely based on natural materials of defatted soy flour (SF) and magnesium oxide (MgO) has been investigated for preparation of five-ply plywood panels. The resulting plywood panels met the industrial water-resistant requirement for interior plywood. In this study, mechanisms by which an aqueous mixture of SF and MgO served as a strong and water-resistant adhesive for bonding wood were investigated. SF was first fractionated into soy protein isolates (SPI), a water-soluble fraction, and insoluble carbohydrates (ICs) that were mixed with MgO, respectively, for preparation of maple laminates. The water resistance of the resulting maple laminates was evaluated by a three-cycle water-soaking-and-drying (WSAD) test and a two-cycle boiling-water test (BWT). The mixture of MgO and the soluble fraction was not able to bond maple veneers together. The shear strengths of the resulting maple laminates before and after WSAD and BWT all had the following order: MgO–SPI > MgO–SF > SF only > MgO–IC. The water solubility of SF in the heat-cured SF–MgO mixture was much lower than that of the heat-cured SF. We believe that the low water solubility of SF–MgO and close interactions between MgO and soy proteins instead of soy carbohydrates were responsible for the superior strengths and high water resistance of the soy-MgO adhesive.
The True Benefit of Faculty Status for Academic Reference Librarians

Faculty status means having the same privileges of rank, promotion, tenure, compensation, leaves, and research funds as other faculty. Arguments against faculty status include that focusing on status detracts from librarians' mission of providing access to information; that the rigorous requirements of faculty status are not something that librarians are prepared or qualified to pursue; and that good librarians would be just as good without faculty status. These arguments can also be used in favor of faculty status, especially as it relates to increasing the quantity and quality of library and information science literature and contributions by academic librarians.
Perceptions of Cancer as a Death Sentence: Prevalence and Consequences

Research suggests that perceiving cancer as a death sentence is a critical determinant of health care-seeking behaviors. However, there is limited information regarding the prevalence of this perception in the US population. Cross-sectional analysis of data (n = 7674 adults) from the 2007-2008 administration of the nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 3) was performed. A majority (61.6%) of respondents perceived cancer as death sentence, and more than one-third (36%) of respondents reported that they avoid seeing their physicians. In the adult US population, perceiving cancer as a death sentence is common and is associated with education level and avoidance of physicians.
The Nonlinear Quasi-Geostrophic Equation: Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions on a Bounded Domain

Abstract The quasi-geostrophic theory leads to a single nonlinear partial differential equation for a streamfunction giving geostrophic velocity fields presumed to resemble the synoptic scales of atmospheric motion. This article is concerned with demonstrating that the quasi-geostrophic problem is well-posed mathematically, in the sense that solutions exist, and that they are continuously dependent on the initial data. The model studied is comprised of the quasi-geostrophic equation subject to the severe boundary condition that an isentrope coincides with the earth's surface. The main technique is the use of the eigenfunctions of an elliptic operator appearing within the quasi-geostrophic equation. These eigenfunctions provide the basis for a spectral model, which can be truncated to include a finite number of scales. The convergence properties of the solutions to the truncated model allow the existence of solutions to the entire model to be inferred with the methods of functional analysis. Thus, the conc...
Spontaneous retrobulbar haemorrhage following anaesthesia.

Summary A case is presented of retrobulbar haemorrhage following anaesthesia for the removal of a chicken bone from the pharynx of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. The aetiology and treatment are discussed.
A multivariate generalized linear mixed model for joint modelling of clustered outcomes in the exponential family

Clustered and repeated measures data are very common in biomedical applications, for example when one or more variables are measured on each patient at a number of hospital visits, or when a number of questions are asked at a series of interviews. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) can be used for fully parametric subject-specific inference for clustered or repeated measures responses in the exponential family. In this paper a multivariate generalization is proposed to deal with situations when multiple outcome variables in the exponential family are present. Separate GLMM’s are assumed for each response variable and then the responses are combined in a single model by imposing a joint multivariate normal distribution for the variable-specific random effects. This allows maximum-likelihood estimation approaches such as Gauss-Hermitian quadrature and Monte Carlo EM algorithm to be extended from the univariate to the multivariate case. Two data sets are used for illustration. The outcome variables ar...
Use of lasers and light-based therapies for treatment of acne vulgaris.

Over the last two decades, lasers and light-based therapies have been developed to treat a wide variety of cutaneous maladies. Given the prevalence and number of patients who suffer from refractory acne, alternatives to existing care are constantly sought after. In this review, we discuss the evidence currently available to justify the use of laser and light-based modalities and conclude that in combination therapy, such approaches provide a safe and effective treatment for acne vulgaris. Lasers Surg. Med. 37:333–342, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Migradollars: The remittances and savings of Mexican migrants to the USA

In this article, we use new data from 22 communities to estimate the total flow of dollars back into Mexico as a result of migration to the United States. Our estimates include remittances sent while working abroad and money brought back on return trips; they incorporate transfers by temporary as well as permanent US workers; they include money transferred by legal as well as illegal migrants; and they include funds sent or brought by household heads as well as other family members. We estimate that US$ 24 million in ‘migradollars’ flowed into the sample communities during the survey year. In some places, the flow of US money equalled or exceeded the value of locally earned income. When generalized to all of Western Mexico, our sample suggests a regional flow of US$ 1.5 billion; and when our data are inserted into an estimation model developed earlier by Lozano Ascencio, we estimate the total flow at US$ 2 billion for Mexico as a whole. Although most of this money was spent on consumption, investments in productive activities were significant, and directly or indirectly, we conclude that migradollars play an extremely important role in Mexican economic production.
Institutional and Market Determinants of Wage Spillovers: Evidence from UAW Pattern Bargaining

Empirical wage spillovers are often observed, but their theoretical explanation is controversial because they are consistent with institutional wage comparisons stemming from fairness or union politics, but also with neoclassical alternative wages or correlated labor demand shocks. The nature of wage spillovers is analyzed using a data set of United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) wage settlements. The results support the hypothesis that institutional wage spillovers augment neoclassical economic forces in determining wages, albeit with some weakening after 1980.
Comparative procedures for sample processing and quantitative PCR detection of grapevine viruses

In this study different instruments and methods used for tissue homogenization, RNA extraction and quantitative PCR (qPCR) based detection of grapevine RNA viruses were evaluated. Semi-automated and automated homogenization techniques were compared to process samples from grapevine petioles and cambial tissue. Four different high throughput automated nucleic acid extraction platforms were compared with the RNeasy plant extraction kit for their capacity and efficiency of extracting viral RNA from grapevine infected tissues. The RNA prepared from each extraction platform was then used as template for a comparative analysis of qPCR by One Step RT-qPCR, Two Step RT-qPCR and low density array (LDA) detection. This study showed that a thorough homogenization of grapevine tissues using the Tissue Lyser as well as DNase digestion of the purified RNA prior to cDNA synthesis improved the virus detection and yielded the lowest quantitation cycle (Cq) values in RT-qPCR. Comparison of different RNA extraction methods showed that methods implementing the magnetic bead-based technology were superior to other methods used. Comparing different qPCR detection methods, One Step RT-qPCR showed the lowest Cq values for the same sample tested compared to Two Step RT-qPCR and LDA.
Can Character Be Measured

(1998). Can Character Be Measured? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 19-24.
The Civic Legacy of the Civil Rights Era: Exploring the Values of a Movement

The Civil Rights movement was a demonstration of civic-political participation promoting relationships within and across social groups in America. What Americans inherited from the Civil Rights era were laws, practices, and policies that strengthen social ties among citizens. Our inheritance was significantly enriched by the civic values that emerged from this era. In this study, a sample of 55 participants was assigned to focus groups to discuss the civic values of the Civil Rights era. The qualitative responses illustrate that trust and our political voices are very important and identify issues with power and an ability to move freely through society.
Determining in situ phases of a nanoparticle catalyst via grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations with the ReaxFF potential

Abstract Catalyst design requires a detailed understanding of the structure of the catalyst surface as a function of varying reaction conditions. Here we demonstrate the capability of a grand canonical Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (GC-MC/MD) method utilizing the ReaxFF potential to predict nanoparticle structure and phase stability as a function of temperature and pressure. This is demonstrated for Pd nanoparticles, which readily form oxide, hydride, and carbide phases under reaction environments, impacting catalytic behavior. The approach presented here can be extended to other catalytic systems, providing a new tool for exploring the effects of reaction conditions on catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.