cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying elderly patients for early discharge after hospitalization for hip fracture.

BACKGROUND: Some elderly patients can be successfully treated in hospitals with lengths of stay (LOS) shorter than the norms developed by the diagnosis-related groups. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that elderly patients with short LOS after hip fracture have characteristics that can be identified shortly after hospital admission. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 216 patients over age 55 discharged alive from a university hospital after hip fracture. Demographic, medical, and functional data available within 48 hours of admission were used to develop an algorithm to identify patients eligible for early discharge. A prospective study of an additional 33 patients was undertaken to test this algorithm and to examine the predictive value of additional functional and psychosocial information not routinely recorded in the chart. RESULTS: Retrospective chart review identified 4 predictors of short LOS in multivariate analysis: age less than 75, admission from a nursing home, normality of admission laboratory results, and "no surgery or surgery by day three." These variables explain 25% of the total variation of LOS. In our prospective study the variable "day of surgery" had the greatest variance explanation (30.5%) in multivariate analysis. A model including day of surgery and the presence of dementia explained 42.5% of the variance of LOS. CONCLUSION: Short LOS can be predicted within 48 hours of admission utilizing data that measure severity of illness, functional status, and available support. The development of algorithms to identify patients eligible for early discharge would be beneficial to care managers.
Distribution of the Sub-groups of A and the M and N Agglutinogens Among the Blackfeet Indians

SummaryOur previous findings with respect to the distribution of the 4 blood groups and the M factor among the Blackfeet Indians have been confirmed and a surprisingly high incidence of the A1 sub-group was observed.
Nanoemulsion contrast agents with sub-picomolar sensitivity for xenon NMR.

A new type of contrast agent for Xe NMR based on surfactant-stabilized perfluorocarbon-in-water nanoemulsions has been produced. The contrast agent uses dissolved hyperpolarized xenon gas as a nonperturbing reporting medium, as xenon freely exchanges between aqueous solution and the perfluorocarbon interior of the droplets, which are spectroscopically distinguishable and allow for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) detection of the agent. Nanoemulsions with droplet diameters between 160 and 310 nm were produced and characterized using hyperpolarized 129Xe combined with CEST detection. Saturation parameters were varied and data were modeled numerically to determine the xenon exchange dynamics of the system. Nanoemulsion droplets were detected at concentrations as low as 100 fM, corresponding to <1 μL of perfluorocarbon per liter of solution. The straightforward, inexpensive production of these agents will facilitate future development toward molecular imaging and chemical sensing applications.
VIRTUAL FLY-OUT SIMULATIONS OF A SPINNING PROJECTILE FROM SUBSONIC TO SUPERSONIC SPEEDS

This paper describes a computational study undertaken to compute the unsteady freeflight aerodynamics of a spinning projectile using an advanced coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/rigid body dynamics (RBD) technique. The CFD part uses an unstructured time-accurate Navier-Stokes computational technique. The coupled CFD/RBD method allows time-accurate virtual fly-out simulations of projectiles and simultaneously predicts the aerodynamics and the flight dynamics in an integrated manner. In addition, both static and dynamic aerodynamic coefficients can be extracted from these fully coupled timeaccurate virtual fly-out computations. Numerical computations have been performed for the spinning projectile across the speed regime from subsonic to supersonic speeds. Computed results qualitatively show the flow field for different flow regimes. Aerodynamic force and moment coefficients have been extracted and are compared with available data.
Undergraduate student construction and interpretation of graphs in physics lab activities

Students can take measurements in an undergraduate lab and construct a good graph without understanding the underlying physics phenomena.
Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with granulomatous gastritis. Case report and review of the literature.

Aims We describe the fourth reported case of granulomatous gastritis associated with gastric adenocarcinoma, with a review of the literature and considerations about the prognostic implications of this association. Results A 48-year-old woman who had been suffering from gastritis for ten years was admitted to our institute for increasing left epigastric pain associated with vomiting. After an endoscopic biopsy had revealed an ulcerated signet ring cell carcinoma, the patient was submitted to subtotal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a superficial signet ring cell carcinoma (early cancer) associated with multiple granulomas. The granulomas, which were observed within the mucosa and the submucosa at the periphery of the carcinoma, were composed of CD68-positive, CD15-negative epithelioid and giant cells of the Langhans type, confirming their true histiocytic nature, and were also extensively found within the dissected lymph nodes. Since no ocular, skin, pulmonary or other gastrointestinal lesions were found and the granulomas were negative for acid-fast and fungal stain, a diagnosis of granulomatous gastritis was made. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge this is the fourth example of gastric adenocarcinoma and granulomatous gastritis. These cases suggest an association between granulomatous gastritis and early gastric cancer.
Overview of vertebral injuries

In the course of human history, no injuries have evoked greater fear than vertebral fracture and dislocation. They are among the most devastating of insults and result in a gamut of abnormalities ranging from mild pain and discomfort to severe paralysis and even death. Despite improved technology for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral fracture and dislocation, the physician who is confronted with a spine-injured patient often feels incapable of interpreting the imaging studies that would delineate the full extent of injury. This book presents the systematic approach to the diagnosis of vertebral trauma that my colleagues and I have used for the interpretation of images (radiographs, computed tomography [CT] scans, and magnetic resonance [MR] images) of patients suspected of having vertebral injury. Furthermore, it amplifies several concepts that I have developed – namely, that vertebral injuries occur in a predictable pattern, that the imaging findings produced by a generic injury are similar, and that findings for injuries caused by the same mechanism are identical no matter where they are encountered within the vertebral column [1]. This chapter defines the descriptive terms pertaining to fractures and dislocations, reviews the terminology used for reporting these abnormalities, and discusses basic mechanisms of injury. Succeeding chapters discuss anatomy, biomechanics, imaging methods available for diagnosing vertebral injuries, and the basic diagnostic principles that make possible a logical and systematic approach to diagnosing vertebral injuries and to determining whether or not vertebral stability has been maintained.
Infection and Host Response

Abstract The mammalian immune system deploys complex mechanisms to identify and defeat infections. Innate immunity recognizes molecular patterns associated both with entire classes of pathogens and with cell damage and distress. Adaptive immunity develops target-specific recognition and attack molecules aimed at specific and unique molecular elements of pathogens. A panoply of effector mechanisms directed by the innate and adaptive immune systems delay, damage, expel, contain, or destroy invading microbes. Unfortunately, most pathogenic microbes multiply hundreds of times as rapidly as we; so for every complex and elegant mechanism of immunity, microbes have found ways to subvert or evade. This chapter provides an outline of the components of mammalian immunity and, using five model organisms, explore a few of the astonishing array of mechanisms pathogenic microbes use to maintain themselves and proliferate inside the human body. Additionally, we attempt to describe the regulatory subtlety and discretion of both the immune system and the pathogen; the former to avoid overreaction and self-damage, the latter to utilize the resources of the host for efficient maintenance and transmission. Human infections are the outcome of these intricate, edged molecular conversations between host and pathogen.
Obesity indices are predictive of elevated C-reactive protein in long-haul truck drivers.

Background: Obesity rates in long-haul truck drivers have been shown to be significantly higher than the general population. We hypothesized that commercial drivers with the highest levels of general obesity and abdominal adiposity would have higher concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation.Methods: Survey and anthropometric data were collected from 262 commercial drivers. Weight, circumference measures, and blood analysis for CRP (N?=?115) were conducted and compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. CRP values were non-normally distributed and logarithmically transformed for statistical analyses.Results: BMI, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and CRP were significantly higher than in the general population. Anthropometric indices that included height (BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and sagittal diameter-to-height ratio), were most predictive of CRP values.Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is prevalent in commercial vehicle drivers and is an important indicator of the presence of inflammation in this population.
Physicochemical sequence characteristics that influence S-palmitoylation propensity.

Over the past 30 years, several hundred eukaryotic proteins spanning from yeast to man have been shown to be S-palmitoylated. This post-translational modification involves the reversible addition of a 16-carbon saturated fatty acyl chain onto the cysteine residue of a protein where it regulates protein membrane association and distribution, conformation, and stability. However, the large-scale proteome-wide discovery of new palmitoylated proteins has been hindered by the difficulty of identifying a palmitoylation consensus sequence. Using a bioinformatics approach, we show that the enrichment of hydrophobic and basic residues, the cellular context of the protein, and the structural features of the residues surrounding the palmitoylated cysteine all influence the likelihood of palmitoylation. We developed a new palmitoylation predictor that incorporates these identified features, and this predictor achieves a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of .74 using 10-fold cross validation, and significantly outperfo...
Temperature Profiles and Mixing in a Natural-Circulation Cooling Facility via Distributed Optical Sensors

A research team at the University of Wisconsin has constructed a 1/4-scale experimental facility to study natural circulation cooling in an air-cooled reactor cavity cooling system (ARCCS) for deca...
Does Depression Increase Risk for Noncompliance with Warfarin Therapy

Introduction Management of warfarin therapy in an outpatient setting has been proven to be challenging despite specialized anticoagulation clinics. It is estimated that 40-50% of INR values are outside and, most commonly, below the therapeutic range. Extended periods of time spent outside the therapeutic INR range have been associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Sub-therapeutic INRs are associated with a higher risk for thromboembolism, which can lead to ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction; while supra-therapeutic INRs are associated with warfarin-induced hemorrhage, both of which can lead to an increased mortality. Furthermore, it has been found that patients with depressive symptoms have been associated with decreased adherence to any medical management when compared to non-depressed patients and patients with psychosocial or emotional factors are more often found to be outside therapeutic range while on warfarin therapy. However, whether depression has a direct effect on noncompliance with warfarin therapy has yet to be studied. This study intends to prove depression does increase the risk for noncompliance with warfarin therapy and, subsequently, increase their risk of adverse events due to decreased time-in-therapeutic range (TTR). Method A retrospective study was conducted on 91 patients from an outpatient anticoagulation clinic. INR data, past medical history of depression, demographics, and history of complications secondary to warfarin therapy were collected. Patients with history of depression were compared to patients without history of depression on their demographic variables, risk factors and the study outcomes. Chi-square tests were used to determine the significant difference between the two groups on categorical variables. The student t-tests were used to determine the significant difference between the two groups on continuous variables. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was regarded as significant. A logistic regression model was used to determine whether depression had an impact on keeping the patient’s INRs within the therapeutic range 70% of the time while on therapy. All the statistical analyses were completed by SAS version 9.2. Results We found that the group of patients with a history of depression were 67% less likely to have patients who had their INRs within the therapeutic range 70% of the time while on therapy when compared to patients without a history of depression (odds ratio=0.33, CI 0.116 – 0.935, p-value = 0.0370). Additionally, we found that patients with a history of depression had, on average, a lower TTR than patients without a history of depression ( p-value = 0.0399). Conclusion The results reveal patients with a history of depression are at an increased risk for noncompliance with warfarin therapy when compared to patients without a history of depression. Furthermore, patients with a history of depression and on warfarin therapy would likely benefit from further interventions to increase their TTR and decrease their risks for adverse events. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Using spaced repetition and gamification to enhance K-12 student science literacy with on-demand mobile short reads

We present a work-in-progress project that implements spaced repetition and gamification through mobile application for STEM education as a learning system for K-12 students. Spaced repetition in the classroom has been studied and shown to be effective for foreign language and vocabulary acquisition as well as other types of training, while gamification has similarly been used to improve learners' engagement and motivation. This project combines the advantages of both instructional strategies and delivers it through a mobile learning system by using its ubiquitous nature. We believe by combining spacing and gamification with mobile learning technology, the learning system will yield fruitful results in STEM education. We discuss how existing literature affects our design and our plan of implementing such a system.
Innovations in Treatment Delivery, Risk of Peritonitis, and Patient Retention on Peritoneal Dialysis

Early innovations in the delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD) markedly improved its acceptability and lowered peritonitis rates. The standard osmotic agent was, and continues to be dextrose, an agent that is not ideal as it is readily absorbed. The development of icodextrin-containing dialysis fluid has allowed a long dwell time to provide more effective ultrafiltration. The development of a smaller, more easily used automated cycler, led to an increase in the proportion of patients on the cycler as opposed to CAPD. Recently, new cyclers with better teaching tools and ease of use and communication with the training team have come on the market; data on outcomes using these cyclers are not yet available. Peritonitis continues to be a serious complication of PD although improvements in connectology and research on Staphylococcus aureus carriage have decreased peritonitis risk. Peritonitis rates continue to vary tremendously from one program to another, which may be in part due to failure to follow best demonstrated practices in training, care of the l catheter exit site, and prevention of peritonitis. Peritonitis rates should be expressed as episodes per year at risk and as organism-specific rates to allow comparisons from one program to another, from one period to another and from a program to the published literature. The term technique failure is misused in PD. Patients leave PD for a host of reasons including transplantation. Transfer from PD to hemodialysis can be planned and have an excellent outcome or can be delayed or done emergently and have a less optimal outcome. The life plan of the patient with ESRD needs to be not only considered but also periodically revised as circumstances and patient wishes change.
Conceiving Difference: Birthing the Palestinian Nation in the Galilee

(1997). Conceiving Difference: Birthing the Palestinian Nation in the Galilee. Critical Public Health: Vol. 7, No. 3-4, pp. 64-79.
Application building in engineering courses

This paper discusses how application building has been integrated into a set of graduate and undergraduate engineering courses that contain computational simulation learning outcomes. Applications (apps) were first included in a multidisciplinary modeling graduate course that culminates in the end-of-semester research effort. At the undergraduate level, apps were added into a two-course mechanical engineering thermo-fluids sequence. Since introducing apps, students have become demonstrably more engaged in the subject matter and are devoting more time out of the classroom to understand fundamental concepts. Simulations have long been used to analyze and predict performance in order to guide engineering design teams. Now, commercial software suppliers have bundled application building into their offerings. An effective app has a simplified interface yet it contains the full efficacy of the underlying model without exposing the end user to its complexity. Within the modeling software, COMSOL Multiphysics®, an Application Builder allows developers to quickly create easy-to-use apps based on working models. The finished app provides for the inputs, settings, and outputs the user is allowed to control and view. Companies as well as research organizations are using apps to extend product models to their constituents, be it customers, supply chain members or the broader scientific community. Leveraging simulation models accompanied by apps is proving to be an efficient way to add an additional skillset to our graduates as they enter the workplace. The paper provides an overview of how application building is employed at the engineering graduate and undergraduate levels. Examples of modeling and simulations assigned in the aforementioned courses are discussed. Illustrations of student work as well as the assessment criteria used to measure performance are presented.
Mexican American Literature: A Portable Anthology ed. by Dagoberto Gilb, Ricardo Angel Gilb (review)

Gilb, Dagoberto and Ricardo Angel Gilb, eds., Mexican American Literature: A Portable Anthology. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s Press, 2016. Review by Yoly Zentella.
Prospective Study Comparing Surgeons’ Pain and Fatigue Associated with Nipple-Sparing versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is more technically challenging than skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) but offers quality-of-life and cosmetic advantages. However, surgeon physical symptoms related to NSM workload have not been documented. This was a prospective study using questionnaires to compare surgeon-reported physical symptoms before, during, and after NSM versus SSM. Surgeons also answered general questions about each mastectomy. Bilateral cases were performed simultaneously by two surgeons, who completed independent questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed after 82 SSMs and 44 NSMs. On a 0–10 scale, surgeons reported NSM was more physically demanding than SSM (7.0 vs. 4.5, p < 0.001). Mean visualization was more difficult (5.7 vs. 3.2, p < 0.001) and mean fatigue score was greater (5.6 vs. 3.1, p < 0.001) after NSM than SSM. The mean increase in neck pain (on a 0–4 scale) was greater for NSM than SSM, both from before-to-during surgery (0.8 vs. 0.2, p = 0.003) and before-to-after surgery (0.9 vs. 0.2, p = 0.002). The mean increase in lower back pain was greater for NSM than SSM, both from before-to-during surgery (0.7 vs. 0.2, p = 0.008) and before-to-after surgery (0.9 vs. 0.2, p = 0.003). Surgeons reported that NSM was more mentally demanding (p < 0.001), complex (p = 0.01), and difficult (p < 0.001) than SSM. Surgeons experienced greater physical symptoms, mental strain, and fatigue with NSM than SSM. This raises concern that mild but repetitive pain over the course of a breast surgeon’s career may lead to repetitive stress injury.
Reflexes, Spinal Cord and Blink

Reflexes are involuntary activity arising from an afferent input and a subsequent efferent response. These can be proprioceptive arising from receptors within muscles, tendons, and joints or exteroceptive arising from skin and subcutaneous tissues. Proprioceptive spinal cord reflexes may produce monosynaptic activation (group Ia fibers), disynaptic inhibition (group Ib afferents) of motoneurons, or polysynaptic flexion withdrawal (group II afferents). The blink reflex is the most commonly used exteroceptive reflex – afferent Vth cranial nerve and efferent VIIth. Such reflexes are characterized by a simple short-latency (R1) component followed by a longer latency, more complex second component (R2).
Designing a Marketing Analytics Course for the Digital Age.

Marketing analytics is receiving great attention because of evolving technology and the radical changes in the marketing environment. This study aims to assist the design and implementation of a ma...
Study of photon emission with the fission event generator FREYA

The event-by-event fission model FREYA is employed to study photon observables. The model has been expanded beyond the simple statistical photon emission reported previously to include the discrete RIPL-3 lines. We update the earlier results and discuss the sensitivity of the results to the FREYA input parameters.
Leveraging Student Employee Expertise for Collection Projects

Collection stewardship responsibilities of academic librarians continue to be supported by approval plans, large e-resource packages, and material leasing programs. But while those technologies and...
Putting the pieces together: The role of multidisciplinary simulation in medical education

Simulation is becoming an increasingly important tool in medical education. Specifically, multidisciplinary team-based simulation exercises are being used to promote teamwork and communication among various members of care teams. Similar to its use in the aviation industry, this type of team building simulation has shown promising results in improving teamwork and improving patient safety outcomes. Several key players in the health-care setting, including hospitals and malpractice insurance providers, have recognized these benefits and are promoting the use of multidisciplinary simulation for staff training. Despite several barriers to implementation, the use of multidisciplinary simulation will be an important part of a new emerging model of medical education. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Interpersonal and communication skills, Systems-based practice.
When heads are not homologous: the coronae of larval and adult collothecid rotifers (Rotifera: Monogononta: Collothecaceae)

Rotifers are diverse and abundant aquatic micrometazoans that rely on their ciliated apical end (corona) for locomotion and feeding. In order Collothecaceae, which includes mostly sessile species, larval rotifers go through a complex metamorphosis after settlement wherein they replace their corona with an unusual cup-shaped head that functions exclusively in food capture. This new head, called the infundibulum, consists of morphological elaborations such as lobes or tentacles that develop precociously in the larval stage; in adults they function in ambush and sit-and-wait predation. Here, we provide evidence from brightfield and transmission electron microscopy that the infundibulum of collothecid rotifers is derived from the larval foregut and not the larval corona, suggesting that the adult head of collothecids is a morphological novelty and therefore not homologous with the rotifer corona as classically defined. The wide variety of morphologies of the infundibulum suggests that selection to maximize foraging may have driven the evolution of head form in these sessile species, and that future studies of collothecid rotifers should consider the infundibulum as a unique form of food-collection device that is evolutionarily distinct from the rotifer corona.
The Librarian’s Role in Digital Health Technology Curation and Promotion for a Health Care Organization

AbstractDigital health technology has become ubiquitous, and it presents many opportunities to improve health management, personalize care, and increase patient engagement. Librarians have a valuab...
Reconsidering College Student Employability: A Cultural Analysis of Educator and Employer Conceptions of Workplace Skills

In this research article, Ross J. Benbow and Matthew T. Hora explore the employability narrative, a view that focuses on whether colleges and universities provide students with the skills they need to be productively employed after graduation. Using sociocultural theory to problematize this narrative and qualitative methods to fore-ground the experiences of postsecondary educators and employers, the authors investigate conceptions of essential workplace skills in biotechnology and manufacturing fields. Their results show that though work ethic, technical knowledge, and technical ability represent core competencies valued across these communities, considerable variation exists in how members of different disciplinary and occupational subgroups value and conceptualize important skills. They found that respondents' conceptions of skills were also strongly tied to geography and organizational culture, among other contextual factors. With these results in mind, the authors conclude that skills are best viewed ...
Semantics and analyses for javascript and the web

The Web's lingua franca, JavaScript, is a large and complex language with an unconventional object model, a highly dynamic semantics, and many nonorthogonal features. We therefore defined λJS, a core language for JavaScript that presents just a small set of essential constructs. This core language was designed to be friendly to the needs of analysis and proof.
Viral Causes of Acute Liver Failure in Children

Acute liver failure is a rare but devastating clinical condition. A viral cause of acute liver failure is the most common etiology worldwide, with hepatitis A being the most prevalent. In both developed and developing countries, the vaccines against viral hepatitis have reduced the frequency of disease as well as ALF. Testing for viral causes of ALF is often incomplete, and establishing a diagnosis for some viral etiologies can be challenging. With therapies available for viruses such as herpes simplex, adenovirus, and hepatitis B, it is imperative that a thorough diagnostic evaluation occur in children with ALF. Emergence of diseases, such as dengue, in developed countries requires a heightened vigilance to identify rare diseases not typically encountered.
Improving the Health of Veterans Though Moving Meditation Practices: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study

This study explores the use of low-to-moderate intensity mindfulness-based exercises (“moving meditation”) to improve Veteran physical activity level and physiological health and psychological well-being including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. 12-week, pre- and post-test intervention, mixed methods pilot. Setting/Subjects: Veterans with a history of posttraumatic stress disorder receiving care at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Salem, Virginia. All Veterans participated in bi-weekly classroom instruction prior to a 6-10 minute warm up period of Qigong exercises, followed by a 30 minute period of Taijiquan/Qigong or mindful-meditative walking, followed by a 6-10 minute cool down period of light movement. Overall physical activity was measured for a one-week period before and after the 12-week intervention period with an Actigraph accelerometer. Physiological health indices were measured pre- and post- 12-week intervention, including salivary cortisol, Hgb A1C, fasting glucose, gonadal panel (FSH, LH, testosterone), albumin, hs-CRP, and sex hormone-binding globulin. Veterans’ mental well-being was measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C), the Cohen Perceived Stress scale, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Participants reported increased frequency and enjoyment of physical activity; improvement in Hgb A1C; improvement in balance and movement awareness; improvement in emotional regulation and focus; and reported reduced depression, stress and anxiety, and PTSD symptoms that benefitted social interactions. Moving meditation as part of a multifaceted treatment approach may increase physical activity, improve physiological health, and enhance mental well-being, particularly with respect to PTSD.
A Closer Look at the Risks vs. Benefits of Kava (Piper methysticum)

Abstract If you took a trip to Fiji, the locals would probably welcome you with a drink of Kava. For centuries, the indigenous people of the South Pacific Islands have used the roots of a plant known as Kava. Beyond the use of Kava as a psychoactive substance, it has been incorporated as a cultural drink that is used in many ceremonies. In the late 1990’s Kava use spread quickly in Western countries including Europe, North America, and Australia. It was used as a treatment for anxiety. But just as quickly as it spread, the enthusiasm for it faded, because it was banned or restricted in many Western countries following reports of liver toxicity. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) concern for safety prompted a request for more research on the substance. The issues of safety and efficacy remain more specifically whether the benefits of using Kava outweigh the risks.
Tropospheric SO2 and NO2 in 2012–2018: Contrasting views of two sensors (OMI and OMPS) from space

Abstract The global long-term Climate Data Records (CDRs) of atmospheric SO2 and NO2 have been obtained from multiple satellite sensors since 1990s, and all these CDRs show consistently decreasing trends in developed countries and increasing trends in developing countries prior to 2010. However, much less clear is the quantitative differences among these CDRs and how such differences affect the inferences for atmospheric SO2 and NO2 climatology in terms of their annual means as well as their frequency distributions. Here, we compare and contrast the CDRs from the aged OMI sensor (the flagship for measuring NO2 and SO2 since 2005) and the young OMPS sensor series (that started measuring NO2 and SO2 in 2012 and will continue in next 2-3 decades). We show that after 2012, the difference of average SO2 between OMPS and OMI is 0.12 DU and it only decreases to 0.04 DU after bias correction, despite their consistence in spatial pattern. NO2 CDRs from OMPS and OMI overall exhibit general agreement in both magnitude and spatial pattern. Furthermore, the CDR differences can lead to the opposite trend signs in developed countries and the difficulty to reconcile trend magnitude in developing countries. Notable consistence in trend signs does exist, regardless of radiative cloud fraction, mainly showing decline of SO2 and NO2 in China and increasing in India; much inconsistence is, however, found in many parts of developed countries. No SO2 trends and inconsistent NO2 trends are found over Europe, and notable differences are found over U.S. where OMI SO2 and NO2's declining trends are consistent with surface observations, but OMPS SO2, albeit its better spatial agreement with surface data, shows increasing trend. This study calls the importance to assess CDRs from different satellite sensors with the account of frequency distributions for extreme events. This importance is emergent as the atmospheric SO2 and NO2 amounts are closer to the uncertainties of satellite-based retrievals in developed countries and are or will be declining in developing countries in the coming decades, all of which make the detection of signs, magnitudes, and spatiotemporal dichotomy a challenge from space.
RiskCast: social sensing based traffic risk forecasting via inductive multi-view learning

Road traffic accidents are a major challenge in urban transportation systems. An effective countermeasure to address this problem is to accurately forecast the traffic risks in a city before accidents actually happen. Current traffic accident prediction solutions largely rely on accurate data collected from infrastructure-based sensors, which is not always available due to various resource constraints or privacy and legal concerns. In this paper, we address this limitation by exploring social sensing, a new sensing paradigm that uses humans as sensors to report the states of the physical world. In particular, we consider two types of publicly available social sensing data sources: social media data (e.g., traffic posts on Twitter) and open city data (e.g., traffic data from the city web portal). In this paper, we develop the RiskCast, an inductive multi-view learning approach to accurately forecast the traffic risk by exploiting the social sensing data under a principled co-regularization framework. The evaluation results on a real world dataset from New York City show that RiskCast significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in forecasting the traffic risks in a city.
Simple Rules for a Complex World with Artiﬁcial Intelligence

Can artiﬁcial intelligence, in particular, machine learning algorithms, replace the idea of simple rules, such as ﬁrst possession and voluntary exchange in free markets, as a foundation for public policy? This paper argues that the preponderance of the evidence sides with the interpretation that while artiﬁcial intelligence will help public policy along important aspects, simple rules will remain the fundamental guideline for the design of institutions and legal environments where markets operate. “Digital socialism” might be a hipster thing to talk about in Williamsburg or Shoreditch, but it is as much of a chimera as “analog socialism.”
Blood transfusion trends by disease category in the United States, 2000 to 2014

Abstract Background Better understanding of blood usage rates could identify trends in transfusion practices over time and inform more efficient management. Methods Inpatient admissions from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases were analyzed for packed red blood cell (PRBC), plasma, platelet, and whole blood (WB) transfusions. The transfusion rates per admission and per prevalent case were calculated. Prevalence estimates were from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study (GBD). Results From 2000 to 2014, blood usage rates for most causes peaked around 2010. Across all causes, PRBC were the most commonly transfused component, followed by plasma, platelets, and WB. However, the relative use of each type varied by cause. Nutritional deficiencies (1.75 blood product units across all components per admission; 95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 1.62–1.87), neoplasms (0.95; 0.87–1.04), and injuries (0.92; 0.86 – 0.98) had the greatest blood use per admission. Cardiovascular diseases (96.9 units per 1000 prevalent cases; 89.3–105.0) and neoplasms (92.7 units per 1000 prevalent cases; 84.3–101.5) had the greatest blood use per prevalent case. Across all admissions, over three million blood units were saved in 2014 compared to 2011 due to transfusing at a reduced rate. Conclusions Blood transfusion rates decreased from 2011 to 2014 in the United States. This decline occurred in most disease categories, which points towards broad strategies like patient blood management systems and disease specific improvements like changes in surgical techniques being effective.
Nine dimensions of veterinary wellbeing and personal resilience

Veterinarians, like all health professionals, are subject to multiple demands and stressors that at times in their careers can compromise satisfaction, engagement, and wellbeing. These stressors include high debt load, long hours, heavy workloads, client demands, navigating social media, and isolation. Our health as professionals can be conceptualized on a continuum, with optimal wellbeing at 1 end and burnout on the other. Veterinarians and the organizations they work within may move at times toward the wellbeing end of continuum, while others may move more towards burnout. A major component of maintaining personal wellbeing is resilience. Veterinarians that have strategies for overcoming adverse situations are more apt to avoid burnout. Individuals and organizations can play a role in fostering and promoting wellbeing through 9 dimensions: career, creative, emotional, environmental, financial, intellectual, physical, social, and spiritual.
What Composition Theory Offers the Writing Teacher

Composition Theory, taken as a broad concept, has two meanings: first, all of the theories of composition from the classical view to recent process-oriented views, and second, current competing methods, techniques, and notions of composition pedagogy. In its first meaning, Composition Theory refers to the classical view (Aristotelian rhetoric), the neoclassical view (current-traditional), and more recent process-oriented views (Expressive, Tagmemic, Dramatistic, Cognitive, and Social). In its second meaning, Composition Theory, still in transition from the 1960’s, refers to an expanding set of methods of composition instruction, specific functions of student writers and their teachers, classroom practices, and the supporting positions on how learning to write takes place.
Respiratory disease in U.S. soft-coal miners: Clinical and etiological considerations: A study of 30 cases

Abstract Thirty soft-coal miners with respiratory disease volunteered for hospital study. An attempt was made to characterize their disability as to its clinical features, etiologic correlation with work exposures, ageing, and to such insults as smoking habits and intercurrent infection. While this group is too select and too small to allow broad generalizations or definite conclusions, several points appear certain and suggest profitable lines of study for the epidemiologist. 1. (1) In this series, varying syndromes of respiratory disease, which are characterized by combination of clinically detectable bronchitis, respiratory insufficiency measurable by lung-function study, and discrete or conglomerate X-ray pneumoconiosis, support the concept that disabling pulmonary disease of soft-coal miners is not only a penumoconiosis arising from dust deposition in the parenchyma of the lung. It is rather a disease of the respiratory tract which may be due to inhalation of harmful chemicals and dust during work interacting with other individually determined factors, such as physiological ageing, smoking habits, and infection. 2. (2) Chemical fumes encountered in underground mining are a factor to be considered in the production of disabling respiratory disease in United States soft-coal miners. 3. (3) Two biopsy-proven cases of silicosis emphasize the crucial importance of knowledge of the character of the dust inhaled in correctly assessing work-related pulmonary disease in under ground miners. 4. (4) There was little correlation among the indices used here (chest X-ray, cardiac catherization, lung-function tests, biopsy) in establishing a correct diagnosis of respiratory disease with or without important disability. 5. (5) The low incidence of overt emotional illness in these thirty ill coal miners is striking. The tendency of this group to deny the seriousness of their physical symptoms provides a possible hindrance to the public health goal of early detection and prevention of respiratory disease, if case-finding and avoidance of further exposures depends on the initiative of the individual miner to report early symptoms or to change his employment.
Decomposing the Effect of Crime on Population Changes

This article estimates the effect of crime on migration rates for counties in U.S. metropolitan areas and makes three contributions to the literature. First, I use administrative data on migration flows between counties, which gives me more precise estimates of population changes than data used in previous studies. Second, I am able to decompose net population changes into gross migration flows in order to identify how individuals respond to crime rate changes. Finally, I include county-level trends so that my identification comes from shocks away from the trend. I find effects that are one-fiftieth the size of the most prominent estimate in the literature; and although the long-run effects are somewhat larger, they are still only approximately one-twentieth as large. I also find that responses to crime rates differ by subgroups, and that increases in crime cause white households to leave the county, with effects almost 10 times as large as for black households.
The relativity of grief: Differential adaptation reactions of younger and older persons

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the differential emotional and coping responses of 41 older (M = 66.5 years) and 48 younger (M = 23.5 years) respondents who had recently lost a close loved one to death. Respondents completed a questionnaire in which they gave an account of the death of their loved one, information about how they coped with this loss, and responses concerning their emotions pertaining to the loss. As predicted, older respondents reported a higher degree of account-making (i.e., story-like constructions) about their losses and confiding in close others than did younger respondents. Further, older respondents showed fewer negative and more positive responses than younger respondents. These results were interpreted to suggest that older respondents were less acutely devastated by their losses and are consistent with the idea that
The melatonin receptor MT1 is required for the differential regulatory actions of melatonin on neuronal 'clock' gene expression in striatal neurons in vitro.

: Through inhibitory G protein-coupled melatonin receptors, melatonin regulates intracellular signaling systems and also the transcriptional activity of certain genes. Clock genes are proposed as regulatory factors in forming dopamine-related behaviors and mood and melatonin has the ability to regulate these processes. Melatonin-mediated changes in clock gene expression have been reported in brain regions, including the striatum, that are crucial for the development of dopaminergic behaviors and mood. However, it is not known whether melatonin receptors present in striatum mediate these effects. Therefore, we investigated the role of the melatonin/melatonin receptor system on clock gene expression using a model of primary neuronal cultures prepared from striatum. We found that melatonin at the receptor affinity range (i.e., nm) affects the expression of the clock genes mPer1, mClock, mBmal1 and mNPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain protein 2) differentially in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner: a decrease in Per1 and Clock, an increase in NPAS2 and no change in Bmal1 expression. Furthermore, mutating MT1 melatonin receptor (i.e., MT1 knockouts, MT1−/−) reversed melatonin-induced changes, indicating the involvement of MT1 receptor in the regulatory action of melatonin on neuronal clock gene expression. Therefore, by controlling clock gene expression we propose melatonin receptors (i.e., MT1) as novel therapeutic targets for the pathobiologies of dopamine-related behaviors and mood.
Transition metal halide salts of N-methylmorpholine: Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of N-methylmorpholinium salts of copper(II), cobalt(II) and manganese(II)

Abstract A family of complexes of N-methylmorpholinium metal halides has been synthesized and analyzed using X-ray crystallography and temperature dependant magnetic susceptibility. The compounds produced include (nmmH)2[CuCl4] (1), (nmmH)2[CoCl4] (2), (nmmH)2[MnCl4] (3), (nmmH)2[CuBr4] (4), (nmmH)2[CoBr4] (5), and (nmmH)2[MnBr4] (6) [nmmH = N-methylmorpholinium]. The compounds are all isomorphous and exhibit weak one dimensional antiferromagnetic interactions, with a contribution from single-ion anisotropy in the case of the cobalt complexes.
The spectral element method (SEM) on variable-resolution grids: evaluating grid sensitivity and resolution-aware numerical viscosity

Abstract. We evaluate the performance of the Community Atmosphere Model's (CAM) spectral element method on variable-resolution grids using the shallow-water equations in spherical geometry. We configure the method as it is used in CAM, with dissipation of grid scale variance, implemented using hyperviscosity. Hyperviscosity is highly scale selective and grid independent, but does require a resolution-dependent coefficient. For the spectral element method with variable-resolution grids and highly distorted elements, we obtain the best results if we introduce a tensor-based hyperviscosity with tensor coefficients tied to the eigenvalues of the local element metric tensor. The tensor hyperviscosity is constructed so that, for regions of uniform resolution, it matches the traditional constant-coefficient hyperviscosity. With the tensor hyperviscosity, the large-scale solution is almost completely unaffected by the presence of grid refinement. This later point is important for climate applications in which long term climatological averages can be imprinted by stationary inhomogeneities in the truncation error. We also evaluate the robustness of the approach with respect to grid quality by considering unstructured conforming quadrilateral grids generated with a well-known grid-generating toolkit and grids generated by SQuadGen, a new open source alternative which produces lower valence nodes.
New Research on AC–AC Converters without Intermediate Storage and Their Applications in Power-Electronic Transformers and AC Drives

AC-AC converters (e.g. matrix converters) are mostly semiconductor solutions for applications where intermediate energy storage is eliminated. This paper summarizes the research done and being carried out at the University of Minnesota for applications in motor drives and power-electronic transformers with advanced features. This paper presents a carrier-based modulation method for matrix converters and its application during for both input unbalance and output over-modulation. Various topologies of matrix converter are described for both drives and power-electronic transformers. These topologies have some inherent benefits like common-mode voltage elimination across the bearings of the motor/generator and controllable power factor at the input side. Some of the described technologies require open-ended machines as load and thereby some advantages like enhanced output voltage (1.5 times the output of normal three terminal load) are achieved. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.