cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generational Differences in Work Ethic: Fact or Fiction?

Even though stereotypes suggest that older generational cohorts (e.g., Baby Boomers) endorse higher levels of work ethic than younger generations (e.g., Millennials), both the academic literature and popular press have found mixed evidence as to whether or not generational differences actually exist. To examine whether generational differences exist in work ethic, a dataset was compiled (k = 105) of all published studies that provided an average sample age and average work ethic score, with each sample becoming an observation, and being assigned a generational cohort based upon the average age of the sample. Three hierarchical multiple regressions found no effect of generational cohort on work ethic endorsement. In two of the three phases, results found a main effect of sample type, such that industry samples had higher work ethic endorsement than student samples. Implications for applied practitioners and future research streams for generational and work ethic research are discussed.
Does Receiving a Blood Transfusion Predict for Length of Stay in Children Undergoing Cranial Vault Remodeling for Craniosynostosis? Outcomes Using the Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Dataset

Purpose Recent interventions have aimed at reducing the need for blood transfusions in the perioperative period in patients with craniosynostosis undergoing cranial vault remodeling. However, little is known regarding whether the receipt of a blood transfusion influences the length of hospital stay. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the receipt of a blood transfusion in patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling is associated with an increased length of stay. Materials and Methods To address the research purposes, we designed a retrospective cohort study using the 2014 Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP Peds) dataset. The primary predictor variable was whether patients received a blood transfusion during cranial vault remodeling. The primary outcome variable was length of hospital stay after the operation. The association between the receipt of blood transfusions and length of stay was assessed using the Student t test. The association between other covariates and the outcome variable was assessed using linear regression, analysis of variance, and the Tukey test for post hoc pair-wise comparisons. Results The sample was composed of 756 patients who underwent cranial vault remodeling: 503 who received blood transfusions and 253 who did not. The primary predictor variable of blood transfusion was associated with an increased length of stay (4.1 days vs 3.0 days, P = .03). Other covariates associated with an increased length of stay included race, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, premature birth, presence of a congenital malformation, and number of sutures involved in craniosynostosis. Conclusions The receipt of a blood transfusion in the perioperative period in patients with craniosynostosis undergoing cranial vault remodeling was associated with an increased length of stay.
Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device: A Single-Center Experience with Long-Term Follow-Up.

Introduction: The pipeline embolization device (PED) is increasingly used in the endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms. Longitudinal data regarding safety
Information fusion and data-driven processing in inertial measurement units for cyber-physical systems

Our research is aimed to increase accuracy and enhance data quality of inertial sensors. Inertial navigation systems (INSs) combine physical and cyber components such as micromachined sensing elements, processing and interfacing application-specific integrated circuits, software, etc. Our goals are to develop physics-consistent tools and algorithms for inertial measurement units (IMUs). Using the measured accelerations and velocities, post-processing is performed to reduce noise and errors in the measured and estimated physical quantities. These features ensure accurate estimates on position, orientation, and trajectory. Basic and applied results are experimentally validated using an Inertial Measurement Platform which consists of an IMU and microcontroller. Our findings both contribute to engineering solutions and empower transformative technologies towards technology transfer for cyber-physical systems. The proposed solutions can be applied to enable cloud information fusion and data management. We performed and demonstrated analytical and laboratory studies to validate methods, algorithms, and technology components.
Development of Inter-Leaves Weed and Plant Regions Identification Algorithm using Histogram of Oriented Gradient and K-Means Clustering

This paper proposes a weed detection mechanism, where the carrot leaves are segmented from the weeds (mostly Chamomile). In the early stage, both weeds and carrot leaves are intermixed with each other and have similar color texture. This makes it difficult to identify without the help of the domain experts. Therefore, it is essential to remove the weed regions so that the carrot plants can grow without any interruptions. The process of identifying the weeds become more challenging when both plant and weed regions overlap (inter-leaves). The proposed method takes account of this problem and breaks down the identification mechanism into three major components: Image Segmentation, Feature Extraction, and Classification. In the Image Segmentation stage, K-Means clustering is applied to select the images that will be used for the identification purpose. Next, in the Feature Extraction stage structural information of the weed and leaves will be extracted from the lower unit images. Furthermore, to extract the information from the Region of Interest (ROI), Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HoG) is used to locate and label all the weed and carrot leaves regions. In the Classification stage, Support Vector Machine (SVM) analyzes all the information and labels the regions. This method of weed detection is effective as it automates the identification process and fewer herbicides will be used, which in-turn benefits the environment. The proposed method successfully classifies the plant regions at a success rate of 92% using an open dataset and outperformed some of the previous approaches.
Canine pododermatitis caused by Pichia jadinii

A five-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented with asymmetric pododermatitis. The left front paw was characterised by interdigital hyperplasia and erythema, particularly between the third and fourth digits on the palmar aspect. The area was sampled with a 6-mm punch biopsy for histopathological evaluation, aerobic culture and anaerobic culture. Histopathology from the footpad lesion revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain of the tissues revealed several hair shafts containing PAS-positive hyphae. Fungal PCR was positive and the fungal organism was identified as Pichia jadinii by DNA sequencing. The dog was treated systemically with the antifungal ketoconazole. After initiation of therapy the lesion resolved within eight weeks; the ketoconazole was discontinued after three months and no relapse was seen over the following year. P jadinii should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pododermatitis in dogs. Identification via PCR and DNA sequencing may be needed to identify this organism.
High Resolution DNS of Shear-Convective Turbulence and Its Implications to Second-Order Parameterization

High resolution 3D direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a model tropopause jet, with an underlying convectively unstable layer, is performed. We obtain quasi-equilibrium turbulent dataset, in which the budgets are nearly balanced. Vertical profiles of turbulence statistics and budgets are presented. Using this DNS dataset, we evaluate the performance of some popular models used in second-order closure of turbulence. To our knowledge, this is first time that such a study is conducted for turbulence under the combined influence of shear and convection. From this quasi-equilibrium dataset, we unambigously identify layers of countergradient momentum and heat fluxes which occur near regions of penetrative convection. These are also regions where conventional second-order closure models fail.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Languages for developing user interfaces

This book brings together a number of researchers and developers from industry and academia who report on their work. It is of interest to language designers and the creators of toolkits, UIMSs, and other user interface tools.
Ineffectiveness of local zoning to reduce regional loss and fragmentation of wintering habitat for white-tailed deer

Abstract Land-use zoning and regulations are frequently used to protect habitat for species threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Habitat protection, however, is rarely followed by habitat monitoring; consequently, knowledge about the efficacy of zoning as a species conservation tool is limited. We used a time series of Landsat satellite imagery (1975–2007) to quantify habitat changes in and adjacent to 187 areas zoned on private, commercial forestlands to protect habitat for wintering white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Maine. Near the northern edge of their geographic range where snow can restrict mobility and access to forage, white-tailed deer depend on mature conifer forests as wintering habitat. Our primary objective was to evaluate effectiveness of land-use zoning to conserve and prevent fragmentation of mature conifer forest. Between 1975 and 2007, the incidence rate of timber harvesting in zoned areas was high (97%). Cumulative area harvested (25%) and the associated reduction of mature conifer forest (13%) that resulted from stand-replacing harvests were considerably lower in zoned areas, indicating that regulations were successful at limiting timber harvests within zones. Reduction of mature conifer forest within unzoned 2-km buffers surrounding protected areas was considerably higher (45%). Remaining patches of mature conifer forest became increasingly fragmented, with a greater than 3-fold increase in number of patches and greater than 80% reduction in mean patch area. Regenerating forest increased from 5% to 36% in the landscapes surrounding zones, and although it can offer important browse, travel across young forest is costly for deer during periods of deep snow. Circa 2007, approximately 55% of the mature conifer forest present across our study area in 1975 remained, and our results suggest that less than 50% of the regenerating areas harvested in mature conifer forest will return to conifer dominance. Forest type conversion will, thus, extend effects of habitat fragmentation into the future. Areas protected for wintering deer collectively represent only 2% of the forested land base in our study area, and we conclude that habitat protection focused solely on those narrowly-defined zones has been ineffective at achieving regional conservation of winter habitat for deer. This study demonstrates how remote sensing can be used to overcome the difficulty of monitoring protected forest areas, and exemplifies the need for monitoring to understand the long-term benefits of zoning as a means of wildlife habitat conservation.
Infrared Thermal Wave Studies of Composites

Thermal wave techniques have received increasing attention for use in the inspection and characterization of composite materials. These techniques have the advantages of being contactless, rapid requiring access to only one surface of the object under inspection. In this paper we demonstrate the ability of the technique to image flaws in several types of composite materials and to measure the depths of the flaws.
Hyperfractionated abdominal reirradiation for gastrointestinal malignancies.

We sought to determine the role of abdominal reirradiation for patients presenting with recurrent or new primary gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. At our institution, we have established a hyperfractionated, accelerated reirradiation regimen consisting of 39 Gray (Gy) in 26 twice-daily fractions. Although this regimen is used frequently in the pelvis, we sought to determine its toxicity and efficacy for abdominal tumors. Twenty-four patients who received abdominal reirradiation with a hyperfractionated, accelerated approach from 2000 to 2017 were identified. Overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Several patient, tumor and treatment characteristics were evaluated on univariate analyses for association with OS and LPFS using a Cox proportional hazards model. Of the twenty-four patients identified, the majority (n = 11, 46%) had pancreatic adenocarcinoma as their primary disease but also included upper GI adenocarcinoma (n = 4), colon adenocarcinoma (n = 3), hepatobiliary cancers (n = 4) and other malignancies (n = 2). The majority of patients received 45–50.4Gy in 1.8Gy fractions as their initial abdominal radiation course. The median reirradiation dose was 39Gy in 26 twice-daily fractions with a minimum six hour interval. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] interval between the courses of radiotherapy was 28 [18.6–38.9] months. Only palliative reirradiation intent was associated with decreased OS. While colon adenocarcinoma primary was significantly associated with increased LPFS, the sample size was small (n = 3). The 1-yr rate of LPFS was 38%. The median [IQR] duration of freedom from local progression was 8 [3.8–19.2] months. The 1-year OS was 50% and the median (IQR) OS was 14 [6.3–19.6] months. Thirteen patients (54%) had acute side effects with one patient experiencing G3 nausea and one experiencing a G4 bleed; the remaining patients experienced G1-G2 symptoms. Hyperfractionated, accelerated reirradiation to the abdomen was relatively well-tolerated but provided limited local control to recurrent or second primary abdominal malignancies. Reirradiation could play a role in treating these patients with palliative or curative intent, but alternative strategies for delivering increased biologically effective dose should be further explored.
Redressing Grievances: The Retaliation Model

To what extent has practice conformed to the principles outlined in Chapters 1 and 2? This chapter and the following one establish that history corresponds roughly with theory. They do so by contrasting two models of grievance-redress: a retaliation model and a criminal justice model. The former clarifies patterns of grievance-redress in primitive societies. Drawing on examples from Anglo-Saxon England, this chapter charts gradual movement away from a retaliation-based framework of grievance-redress that is based, in considerable measure, on key features of lex talionis. Anglo-Saxon kings labored, often with only modest success, to replace the feud-based approach to grievance-redress with a framework that insisted on impartial resolution of complaints about injury.
Psychology, Religious Studies and Theology: An Unrealized Conversation?

Rituals and Practices in World Religions is a significant contribution to the study of religious ritual for several reasons. While focusing largely on the contribution of ritual to human flourishing and issues of interest to positive psychology research as well as clinical contexts, chapters individually and collectively break the barriers of segregation between disciplines and even specialties within disciplines. While prominent in a variety of religious traditions, ritual is also represented in secular traditions and in less frequently studied indigenous traditions and the extent to which psychological factors are culturally contextualized the study of ritual must be both interdisciplinary and avoid the imposition of a single methodological perspective. In doing this, this text takes a huge step in beginning a necessary but as yet unrealized conversation.
Perceived Caregiver Stress, Coping, and Quality of Life of Older Ugandan Grandparent-Caregivers

With the continued loss of lives due to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, grandparents bear the stress of caring for children affected by the epidemic, often with very limited resources. Yet, despite the acknowledgement that these older adults serve as the backbone and safety net of the African family in this HIV/AIDS era, very limited research has focused on investigating the specific health outcomes of caregivers in this region and how these changes in health status impact the overall quality of life of caregivers. This study highlights the stress perceived by Ugandan grandparent-caregivers, its impact on their overall quality of life, and the coping strategies they use to manage their stress. Thirty-two grandparent-caregivers (age 50 years and older) were recruited from urban and rural areas in Uganda and individually interviewed in 2016. Using constructivist grounded theory as the qualitative methodology, the narratives generated from the semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using both open and axial coding as well as reflexive and analytic memoing. Descriptions of caregiver stress (physical, emotional, financial, and social) were reported. Additionally, study findings uniquely explore the impact of the perceived stress on the grandparents’ overall quality of life. Study findings provide a foundation upon which clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers can design and implement effective interventions to improve the health and quality of life of grandparent-caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa.
Cultural Consensus and Cultural Consonance: Advancing a Cognitive Theory of Culture:

Theoretical and methodological developments guided by a cognitive theory of culture have advanced our understanding of cultural processes over the past 40 years. The theoretical construct of cultur...
Microtubule motor transport in the delivery of melanosomes to the actin-rich apical domain of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Melanosomes are motile, light-absorbing organelles, present in pigment cells of the skin and eye. It has been proposed that melanosome localization, in both skin melanocytes and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), involves melanosome capture from microtubule motors by an unconventional myosin, which dynamically tethers the melanosomes to actin filaments. Recent studies with melanocytes have questioned this cooperative capture model. Here, we have tested the model in RPE cells by imaging melanosomes associated with labeled actin filaments and microtubules, and by investigating the roles of different motor proteins. In particular, we found that a deficiency of cytoplasmic dynein phenocopies the lack of myosin-7a, in that melanosomes undergo fewer of the slow, myosin-7a-dependent movements and are absent from the RPE apical domain. These results indicate the requirement of microtubule-based motility for the delivery of melanosomes to the actin-rich, apical domain, and support a capture mechanism that involves both microtubule and actin motors.
Pain Score, Opioid Administration, and Delirium: A Confounded Relationship.

We read the manuscript, "Relationship Between Pain, Opioid Treatment, and Delirium in Older Emergency Department Patients", by Daoust et al with interest.1 We applaud the effort put forth in this study, as delirium is a commonly encountered problem in hospitalized geriatric patients; however, we have some questions about the study methodology, as well as the interpretation of the manuscript's results.
Social Skills Instruments for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis

Identifying and critically analyzing the most frequently used social skills psychometric instruments (SSPI) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can inform future music therapy research and clinical practice. Therefore, the initial purpose of this critical interpretive synthesis was to identify the SSPI most frequently used as dependent measures in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (JADD) for children with ASD from 2012 to 2018. Results indicated that the Social Responsiveness Scale (n = 35), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (n = 19), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (n = 15) were the most frequently used instruments. Congruent with critical interpretive synthesis methodology, we then identified the psychometric properties and advantages and disadvantages of the 9 most commonly used instruments. To compare these results with the existing music therapy literature, we also identified nonmusical SSPI used as dependent measures in music therapy research for children with ASD in studies published between 2012 and 2018. In comparing the data sets, music therapy researchers used 5 of the 9 SSPI we identified from our JADD review. Understanding frequently used SSPI has applications for consultation and communication with other professionals as well as how future music therapy research is conducted. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.
'Why History Matters: Saul Cornell’s Second Amendment and the Consequences of Law Reviews'

This article first examines some of the many now-obsolete activities and practices related to gun habits and the Second Amendment that underscore the indispensability of careful historical analysis. Second, the discussion turns to some of the modern, fallacious analysis that has arisen from writing that does not heed the tenets of sound historical analysis. Third, the article turns its most detailed attention to an argument that explains how and why defective analysis proliferates on this, and other, constitutional subjects. Specifically, it argues that legal training and law reviews, while instrumental to the conduct of the legal profession, are also fountainheads of wayward constitutional theorizing.
Decision Support System for the APS Control System

The Advanced Photon Source is now in its fifth year of routine beam production. The EPICS-based [1] control system has entered the phase in its life cycle where new control algorithms must be implemented under increasingly stringent operational and reliability requirements. The sheer volume of the control system (~270,000 records, ~145 VME-based input-output controllers (IOCs), and ~7,000,000 lines of EPICS ASCII configuration code), presents a daunting challenge for code maintenance. The present work describes a relational database that provides an integrated view of the interacting components of the entire APS control system, including the IOC low-level logic, the physical wiring documentation, and high-level client applications. The database is extracted (booted) from the same operational CVS repository as that used to load the active IOCs. It provides site-wide decision support facilities to inspect and trace control flow and to identify client (e.g., user interface) programs involved at any selected point in the front-end logic. The relational database forms a basis for generalized documentation of global control logic and its connection with both the physical I/O and with external high-level applications.
Grameen Danone Foods Ltd., a Social Business

Grameen Danone is a joint venture between the Grameen Group (a sister company of Grameen Bank) and Groupe Danone, a $2 billion (revenues) French food company. The company's goal was to provide nutritional yogurt (brand name Shoktidoi) for the nearly 50 million Bangladeshi children using an innovative Social Business model. The case describes the progress as of 2008 and poses questions regarding how the company might achieve sustainability.Learning Objective: To explore the concept of Social Business.
Prospects for submillimeter observations

A discussion is given of some current and future projects designed for submillimeter-wave astronomy, ranging from ground-based telescopes, through airborne and balloon to space-based. Emphasis is given to the space project to be flown at the start of the next century, FIRST, which is now known to be the Fourth Cornerstone of the ESA Horizon 2000 plan. Discussion is given concerning the role that NASA may play in that project.
Language, Intergroup Parameters of

Language is an integral element of most multicultural contexts. Take, for example, the resurrection of Hebrew as a lingua franca in multicultural Israel, the role of French in Quebecois separation, and the revival of Catalan in Spain. Yet beyond nationalist and ethnic arenas, forms of language (e.g., dialect, nonverbals, and discourse) play key roles in virtually all intergroup situations—as evident in adolescents' distinctive speech styles, patronizing ways of addressing and referring to older adults and those physically challenged, gay expressions and tone of voice, and so forth (see Clement, 1996). In fact, intergroup processes have become core foci in the social psychology of language, as witnessed by their frequent occurrence across many different chapters of The New Handbook of Language and Social Psychology (Robinson & Giles, 2001), and language and communication issues have, in turn, featured prominently in the study of intergroup relations (Kashima, Fielder, & Freytag, 2007; Reid & Giles, 2005). Keywords: intergroup communication; bilingualism; stereotyping; social identity theory
Abstract 3896: The Hippo coactivator YAP1 upregulates SOX9 and endows cancer stem cell properties in non-transformed cells and esophageal cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Cancer stem cells are proposed to initiate and maintain tumor growth. Dysregulation of normal stem cell signaling may lead to the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), however, the molecular determinants of this process remain poorly understood. Here we show that the transcriptional co-activator YAP1 through direct regulation of SOX9 promotes the generation of CSCs and that the inhibition of YAP1 and SOX9 attenuates CSC formation. SOX9 transcripts and expression are upregulated upon YAP1 activation and several lines of evidence indicate that SOX9 is a direct target of YAP1. The Chromatin Immunoprecipitation analysis and luciferase assays demonstrate direct binding of YAP1 to the SOX9 promoter through a conserved TEAD binding site. Mutation of this site abrogates transcriptional regulation of SOX9 by YAP1 and Tead2. Functional studies demonstrate that YAP1 regulation of SOX9 is necessary and sufficient to confer CSC properties and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. The small molecule inhibitor of YAP1, Verteporfin (VP) significantly blocks CSC self-renewal properties in cells with high YAP1 and a high proportion of the CSC marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) indicating that VP targets the CSC population. These data identify YAP1 as a driver of esophageal cancer (EC) stem cells, in part, by regulation of SOX9 and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of YAP1 may be an effective means of specifically targeting EC stem cells. Citation Format: Shumei Song, Jaffer A. Ajani, Soichiro Honjo, Dipen M. Maru, Qiongrong Chen, Jiankang Jin, Ailing W. Scott, Todd R. Heallen, Lianchun Xiao, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Brian Weston, Jeffrey H. Lee, Roopma Wadhwa, Kazuki Sudo, James F. Martin, John R. Stroehlein, Mien-Chie Hung, Randy L. Johnson. The Hippo coactivator YAP1 upregulates SOX9 and endows cancer stem cell properties in non-transformed cells and esophageal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3896
Laser Radiation Forces: Generation of and Dependence on Magnetic Fields

Mechanisms are described through which the high frequency-fields of the laser beam can directly exert time-averaged forces on the plasma. The generation of magnetic fields by these radiative forces is discussed and shown to depend on the field momentum transferred to the plasma during absorption. Refraction is used to illustrate the dangers of approximation. The magnetic field itself is shown to be responsible for a large, polarization dependent radiative force.
Time-domain finite element modeling of nonlinear conductivity using Newton's method

Dielectric breakdown during high power operation is hazardous to electric and electronic devices and systems. During the breakdown process, the bound charges break free and are pushed to move under the force of high intensity fields. As a result, the dielectric which was a good insulator becomes a conductor. Such a process can be described as the change of conductivity of the dielectric, which in this case, is a nonlinear function of the electric field. In this paper, the nonlinear conductivity is incorporated into Maxwell's equations, and the resulting nonlinear equation is solved using the time-domain finite element method together with Newton's method. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm and the nonlinear effect caused by the nonlinear conductivity.
Influence of exercise and fiber type on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle

These experiments examined the influence of exercise intensity and duration on antioxidant enzyme activity in locomotor muscles differing in fiber type composition. Nine groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (age 120 days) exercised 4 days/wk on a motor-driven treadmill for 10 wk. The impact of three levels of exercise intensity (low, moderate, and high: approximately 55, approximately 65, and approximately 75% of maximal oxygen consumption, respectively) and exercise duration (30, 60, and 90 min/day) was assessed. Sedentary animals served as controls. Oxidative capacity in the soleus and white and red gastrocnemius was assessed by measurement of citrate synthase (CS) activity, and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by assay of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. In all muscles, CS activity increased as a function of exercise duration. Furthermore, in the soleus and white gastrocnemius, the magnitude of the training-induced increase in CS activity was directly related to exercise intensity. In contrast, the peak increase in CS activity in the red gastrocnemius was relatively independent of exercise intensity. Catalase activity was not increased (P > 0.05) in any muscle with training. Training-induced changes in superoxide dismutase and GPX activities were muscle specific; specifically, exercise training significantly (P < 0.05) increased superoxide dismutase activity in the soleus as a function of exercise duration up to 60 min/day. Conversely, training-induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in GPX activity occurred in red gastrocnemius only; the magnitude of the GPX increase was directly related to exercise duration but relatively independent of intensity. These data demonstrate that exercise training-induced changes in muscle antioxidant enzymes are muscle specific.
The role of heparin in intrinsic blood coagulation.

A number of inhibitors of intrinsic blood coagulation have been examined. Particular emphasis was placed on heparin, heparin analogues, and hirudin. These inhibitors interfere primarily with two clotting factors in the intrinsic clotting scheme. These include factor IXa and thrombin. Our data suggest that factor IXa is the heparin-and hirudin-sensitive factor in plasma when coagulation is initiated via factors XII or XI, and that subsequent clotting factors remain in inactive forms. Studies with heparin and hirudin also clarified the role of thrombin in the interaction of factors IXa and VIII. It was concluded from these experiments that factor VIII readily interacts with factor IXa in the presence of calcium ions and phospholipid independent of thrombin.
Medium-range order in molecular materials: Fluctuation electron microscopy for detecting fullerenes in disordered carbons

Abstract During a fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) study of disordered carbons, we found that samples containing C60 exhibit a normalized variance peak at 7.1 nm−1 that appears to be a unique indicator of tight curvature in layered materials. This peak is associated with the characteristic in-plane carbon–carbon bond distance of ∼0.14 nm in graphene. Diffraction from this spacing is normally forbidden in planar graphene (and graphite), but becomes allowed when the layer structure is interrupted. Such interruptions arise at the edges of graphite fragments and also when 5-rings are incorporated into a layer. We show that the curvature induced by a high density of 5-rings, such as that in C60, can dominate the variance peak at 7.1 nm−1. FEM simulations reveal that the variance peak at ∼7.1 nm−1, which we label F1, is one of several fullerene-signature peaks, with others occurring at Q values of 10.6 nm−1 (F2) and 12.4 nm−1 (F3). We conclude that FEM is a sensitive method for detecting dilute quantities of highly curved pentagon-rich fullerenes, such as C60, when dispersed within disordered graphitic carbon.
A web systems laboratory using portable hard drives

A web systems course has long been taught as the first core IT course at Brigham Young University. Along with introducing students to a cross-section of client and server scripting environments, this course also requires students to install and administer a variety of web and database servers under both Linux and Windows. To be done well, the server administration portion of the course requires that each student has free access to his own machine, or some approximation of a dedicated machine.Various approaches to providing this environment to students have been investigated. Possibilities include providing dedicated hardware to each student, setting up virtual servers, requiring students to obtain notebook computers, and rapid workstation imaging over a SAN. An approach that is less expensive to the institution than providing individualized hardware, and less expensive to students than requiring the purchase of a notebook computer, is to require that students obtain inexpensive, portable hard drives.The laboratory portion of the web systems course has been redesigned to use student-provided hard drives. Students install Linux on these drives, and configure them so that they will externally boot when connected to any current PC. Windows XP is also installed on each drive, in a virtual machine. Students then install, configure and script applications using Apache, MySQL, Tomcat, and IIS servers. The result is a configuration that provides each student with a system that includes a windows server, a Linux server, and clients of their choosing, all on a virtual network within any PC to which the disk is connected.This paper describes the course laboratory configuration, and how portable drives help achieve the course objectives. The paper also provides recommendations for others considering similar laboratories, including student feedback concerning drive reliability, hardware interoperability, and instructional value.
Proteases stimulate fertilization-like responses in starfish eggs.

Abstract Application of proteases to eggs of the starfish, Asterina miniata , caused several responses like those seen at fertilization. Cortical granule exocytosis and fertilization envelope elevation occurred within about 1 min after exposure to trypsin, chymotrypsin, or pronase; protease inhibitors prevented these responses. Kallikrein caused cortical granule exocytosis and fertilization envelope elevation, but this response required more time (∼30 min). Exocytosis was also seen in response to a recombinant trypsin, but not to a point-mutated trypsin without proteolytic activity. The extent of exocytosis was similar to that seen at fertilization, as measured by the fluorescent dye FM 1-43. In addition to causing exocytosis, application of trypsin, chymotrypsin, or pronase caused an increase in intracellular free calcium, detected by calcium green dextran, and stimulation of DNA synthesis, detected by incorporation of bromodecxyuridine. Exocytosis also occurred when trypsin or chymotrypsin was applied in artificial sea water in which the free calcium was reduced to a low level (40-70 n M ) such that Ca influx would be reduced by >10,000-fold; this indicated that the proteases did not act by damaging the eggs and causing external calcium to leak into the cytoplasm. These findings show that there is an extracellularly exposed protein that when proteolyzed can induce fertilization-like responses; this protein may be a receptor that transduces a signal from the sperm to initiate egg activation at fertilization.
On special orthogonal eigenfunctions and eigenfunction expansions

We extend some earlier results while illustrating solution techniques commonly encountered by students in undergraduate and beginning graduate courses of mathematical analysis, differential equations, and engineering mathematics. Previously, Turan's inequality was established by using a technique known as the Prufer substitution. In the process of proving Turan's inequality, the existence of an infinite set of eigenvalues λk and a corresponding infinite set of eigenfunctions ϕ(x, kk )which satisfied a certain differential equation were established. The purpose of this paper is to extend these results by further establishing the properties of orthogonality and completeness using solution techniques and strategies commonly encountered by students in advanced mathematical courses.
Does computer game play aid in motivation of exercise and increase metabolic activity during wheelchair ergometry

GAMEWheels is an interface between a portable roller system and a computer that enables a wheelchair user to play commercially available computer video games. The subject controls the game play with the propulsion of their wheelchair's wheels on the rollers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether using the GAMEWheels System during wheelchair propulsion exercise can help increase the individual's physiological response and aid in the motivation to exercise. Fifteen subjects participated in this study. The subjects propelled their wheelchairs on a portable roller that was equipped with the GAMEWheels System. There were two exercise trials consisting of 2 min of warm-up, 16 min of exercise and 2 min of cool-down. Physiological data (ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, heart rate) were collected. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found between exercise with GAMEWheels versus without GAMEWheels for average ventilation rate and average oxygen consumption. The differences were found during time periods of transition from warm-up to exercise, and before and after the midpoint of exercise. Written questionnaires showed that 87% of the individuals tested reported the system would help them work out on a regular basis. Playing the video game helped these individuals to reach their exercise training zone faster and maintain it for the entire exercise trial.
Ultrasensitivity Part II: Multisite phosphorylation, stoichiometric inhibitors, and positive feedback

In this series of reviews, we are examining ultrasensitive responses, the switch-like input–output relationships that contribute to signal processing in a wide variety of signaling contexts. In the first part of this series, we explored one mechanism for generating ultrasensitivity, zero-order ultrasensitivity, where the saturation of two converting enzymes allows the output to switch from low to high over a tight range of input levels. In this second installment, we focus on three conceptually distinct mechanisms for ultrasensitivity: multisite phosphorylation, stoichiometric inhibitors, and positive feedback. We also examine several related mechanisms and concepts, including cooperativity, reciprocal regulation, coherent feed-forward regulation, and substrate competition, and provide several examples of signaling processes where these mechanisms are known or are suspected to be applicable.
Development of a stacked WCSP package platform using TSV (Through Silicon Via) technology

To enable the miniaturization, electrical performance and heterogeneous functionality needs for emerging Analog applications, a stacked Wafer-level Chip Scale Package (WCSP) package platform has been developed using Through-Silicon Via (TSV) technology. This allows stacking of ICs, MEMS, passives and other components in the vertical direction onto active or passive TSV wafers, to create innovative System-in-Package (SiP) product solutions. Since Analog devices are small in size and cost is a key care about, a careful selection of the integration flow is required to achieve a low cost packaging solution. In this work, an integration flow for the stacked WCSP package is presented, along with development details for the Chip-on-Wafer (CoW) bonding and wafer overmolding unit processes. The test vehicle was 3mm × 3mm in size and used 25u diameter Cu TSVs in a 200mm diameter wafer. Interconnect reliability evaluations were done with different micro-bump Under Bump Metallurgy (UBM) and TSV tip surface finish metallization combinations. Wafer ovemolding development included warpage, saw and adhesion evaluations with multiple mold materials. A back-end assembly flow was established with a mass reflow bonding process and an overmold material with low CTE and intermediate T g and modulus. Samples were prepared with mold-on-die and exposed die package structures. Excellent time-zero yields were obtained, with an average TSV micro-bump interconnect resistance of 25 mohms. Results and failures modes from preliminary reliability testing are included.
The Secret of the Casa Giuliani Frigerio

Basic formal characteristics of Terragni's Casa Giuliani Frigerio are explained by means of a parametric shape grammar.
Thin film interaction between low-k dielectric hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) and Ti barrier layer

The interaction between low-k dielectric hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) and Ti barrier layer has been studied using four-point-probe sheet resistance measurement, X-ray diffraction, conventional Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), nuclear resonance analysis (NRA), elastic recoil detection (ERD), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The conventional intermetal dielectrics SiO2 and plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate (PETEOS) have been studied also for the purpose of comparison with HSQ. In the low temperature regime (300–550°C), a considerable amount of oxygen atoms, from various sources, diffuses into Ti film to form a Ti(O) solid solution, raising the resistivity of Ti significantly and causing the expansion of the Ti lattice. A good correlation between the oxygen composition in the Ti film, the sheet resistance variation of Ti and the change of Ti lattice parameter C0 have been observed. At the same temperature, there are more oxygen atoms incorporated into the Ti film in Ti/HSQ than those for Ti/PETEOS, suggesting that additional HSQ-related oxygen sources, such as the moisture uptake and the conversion reaction of HSQ, may be attributed to this. In the high temperature regime (550–700°C), HSQ reacts with Ti to form a final TiO/Ti5Si3/HSQ stack structure. It is assumed that a few competing reactions occur in this regime. At 550–650°C, HSQ reacts directly with Ti; in the meantime, part of HSQ undergoes conversion reactions, with the reaction products SiO2 and SiH4 reacting with Ti to form Ti silicide. At 650–700°C, HSQ is almost completely converted into SiO2, so the dominant mechanism is Ti reaction with SiO2. Before HSQ is completely turned into SiO2, the Ti/HSQ system is more reactive than both Ti/PETEOS and Ti/SiO2. The initiating temperature for the Ti/HSQ reaction exhibits no obvious Ti thickness dependence.
Program supervision by the federal communications commission: Censorship or public service?

(1962). Program supervision by the federal communications commission: Censorship or public service? The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 314-321.
Orbit-nadir aligned coulomb tether reconfiguration analysis

The reconfiguring of a two-craft Coulomb tether, aligned along the orbit radial direction, is studied. The linearized out-of-plane equation of motion is decoupled and not influenced by Coulomb forces. Previous research assumes this out-of-plane motion is controlled with conventional thrusting to keep it within a specified bound. An analytical solution is developed for the linearized charged out-of-plane relative motion using Bessel functions for the special reconfiguration case where the prescribed expansion or contraction rate is constant. Bounds on the initial out-of-plane oscillation are deduced such that the final oscillation will remain within the prescribed limits. These analytical results assist Coulomb tether reconfiguration maneuvers in determining when conventional thrusting must be employed to damp out-of-plane motion. Further, an improved reconfiguration strategy is analyzed where the on/off switches of the constant rate reconfiguration expansion are smoothed to reduce transient oscillations. This modification is shown to have minimal impact on the predicted out-of-plane motion.
Cryptic Behavior Is Independent of Dorsal Color Polymorphism in Juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens)

Abstract Animals that are susceptible to predation sometimes engage in crypsis to conceal themselves from predators. Such behavior often consists of background color matching via substrate choice. Intraspecific color variation may result in differential substrate preference among color morphs. I investigated this idea using juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens), which exhibit either green or brown background color. Both color morphs spent more time on dark, concealing substrates than light, revealing ones and hopped less frequently when located on dark, concealing substrates. Frogs did not respond differently to green and brown fabric substrates, and they preferred brown natural substrates over green ones. Because green and brown frogs did not behave differently in any experiment, this study suggests that juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs exhibit a generalized cryptic behavior pattern independent of background body color.
Racial disparities for uterine corpus tumors: changes in clinical characteristics and treatment over time.

BACKGROUND: Black women with endometrial cancer have been more likely to die than white patients. The authors examined factors associated with the poor outcome for black women with uterine corpus tumors and analyzed whether these characteristics have changed over time based on year of diagnosis. METHODS: The authors examined women with uterine neoplasms recorded from 1988-2004 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database. The authors developed Cox proportional hazards models to examine the effect of race on survival and stratified women by year of diagnosis into 3 groups: 1988-1993,1994-1998,1999-2004. RESULTS: A total of 80,915 patients including 5564 (7%) black women were identified. Black patients were significantly younger, had more advanced stage tumors, and had more aggressive, nonendometrioid histologic variants (P <.001). Black women were 60% more likely to die from their tumors than white women when matched for other prognostic variables (hazards ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-1.69). For each of the 3 time periods, survival was worse for blacks even when stratified by stage and histology. Over time, the incidence of serous and clear-cell tumors increased, and the use of radiation decreased for both races. Staging lymphadenectomy was performed more commonly in both blacks (45%) and whites (48%) who had been treated more recently. CONCLUSIONS: Black women with uterine corpus tumors were more likely to die from their disease. This survival difference has persisted over time. The clinical characteristics of blacks and whites have remained relatively constant. The proportion of women who undergo surgical staging has increased with time and was well matched between races.