cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthognathic surgery: combined maxillary and mandibular alveolar osteotomies with variations of surgical modalities.

In two patients undergoing alveolar osteotomies, occlusal and functional relationships were maintained after surgery by prefabricated arch bars. Alveolar osteotomies were performed in two patients. The use of prefabricated maxillary and mandibular arch bars maintained occlusal and functional relationships and eliminated the need for intermaxillary fixation and a long period of immobilization.
Bayesian and prescient assessment: foraging with pre-harvest information

Abstract Pre-harvest information is information that foragers can obtain about patch quality before exploitation. It may be used by Bayesian foragers, which have knowledge of the distribution of resources in the environment, or prescient foragers, which have sensory information or memory of patches that are spatially and temporally predictable in quality. Prescience leads to higher energy intake rates and should be used if the appropriate information is available. Patch assessment was investigated in Inca doves, Columbina inca, feeding in artificial resource patches to determine the kinds of information doves are capable of using to assess the quality of resource patches. As expected, doves exploited patches in a manner consistent with prescient foraging when patch quality was temporally predictable. The same individuals exploited patches in a manner consistent with Bayesian foraging when prescient foraging would not be likely because patch quality was temporally unpredictable.
Calibration of Flexural Resistance Factors for Load and Resistance Factor Design of Concrete Bridge Girders Prestressed with Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymers

In this research, the flexural resistance factors in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format were calibrated for bridge girders that are prestressed with carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRP). The underlying principle of LRFD is to achieve a uniform probability of failure (target reliability) for all possible design scenarios, which is realized through application of load and resistance factors. Calibration of resistance factors requires an extensive design space to be applicable to different design scenarios. For this purpose, 12 design cases with various girder span lengths, girder positions, girder spacing, roadway widths, and failure modes were considered. The load and resistance model random variables, their statistics, and flexural resistance model accuracy were obtained from material testing and literature. Existing load factors were used, and flexural resistance factors were derived using Monte Carlo simulation and a comparative reliability method for different target probabilities of failure for interior and exterior girders failing in tension and for interior girders failing in compression.
Constrained completion of partial latin squares

In this paper, we combine the notions of completing and avoiding partial latin squares. Let P be a partial latin square of order n and let Q be the set of partial latin squares of order n that avoid P. We say that P is Q-completable if P can be completed to a latin square that avoids Q@?Q. We prove that if P has order 4t and contains at most t-1 entries, then P is Q-completable for each Q@?Q when t>=9.
Stability of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: Rigid fixation versus transosseous wiring * ** * ** *

Abstract Although many improvements have been made in orthodontic surgical procedures for mandibular retrognathism, relapse continues to occur. This study was designed to compare the stability of rigid and nonrigid fixation between 2 groups of patients who had undergone mandibular advancement surgery via sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Retrospective cephalometric measurements were made on 54 randomly selected orthognathic surgical patients. The patients, 7 males and 47 females, were divided into 2 groups: 28 patients stabilized by means of rigid fixation and 26 patients fixated with interosseous wires. The age of the patients ranged from 15.3 to 49.7 years. Lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate each patient at 3 distinct intervals: 7.0 ± 2.0 days before surgery (T1), 34.4 ± 15.0 days postsurgery (T2), and 458 ± 202 days after sagittal split osteotomy (T3). Eighteen linear and angular measurements were recorded and differences between the 3 time periods were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the differences in the 2 fixation types between and within each group at different time intervals. The following measurements showed statistically significant skeletal relapse over time, for the P value.0028: Co-Go, ANS-Xi-Pm, IMPA, overbite, and overjet. The remaining variables showed no statistically significant relapse. The only measurement that showed a statistically significant group difference between T1 and T2 was DC-Xi-Pm. Results of the study led to the following conclusions: there was statistically significant relapse in mandibular length, lower anterior face height, mandibular arc, lower incisor inclination, overbite, and overjet in each group, regardless of the type of fixation. The potential was greater for relapse in patients stabilized with transosseous wiring. Although multifactorial, relapse in overbite and overjet may be a combination of skeletal and dental changes. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:397-403).
CMOS scaling into the nanometer regime

Starting with a brief review on 0.1-/spl mu/m (100 nm) CMOS status, this paper addresses the key challenges in further scaling of CMOS technology into the nanometer (sub-100 nm) regime in light of fundamental physical effects and practical considerations. Among the issues discussed are: lithography, power supply and threshold voltage, short-channel effect, gate oxide, high-field effects, dopant number fluctuations and interconnect delays. The last part of the paper discusses several alternative or unconventional device structures, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI), SiGe MOSFET's, low-temperature CMOS, and double-gate MOSFET's, which may lead to the outermost limits of silicon scaling.
Physiology of the motor neuron and the motor unit

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the physiology of the motor neuron and the motor unit. The central nervous system (CNS) controls muscle force by varying the activity of the motor units that comprise the muscle. The motor unit consists of a motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, its axon, and the muscle fibers that the axon innervates. Because the muscle fibers within motor units provide the forces for all movements, the muscle units are considered the motors for movement. The motor neuron must integrate all of its neural inputs into an output signal that is appropriate to control the force that its muscle unit generates. To integrate the many inputs it receives and to support a long axon with many branches that innervate its muscle fibers, the motor neuron is large and complex. In combination, the muscle unit and the motor neuron form the motor unit. Most individual muscles are controlled by a pool of motor neurons (“motor nucleus” or “motor pool”) that consist of hundreds to thousands of motor units. Because of the size principle, the entire set of motor units behaves as a single functional system with a single input–output function. Multiple muscles usually control the mechanical actions about individual joints, with each muscle having a range of unique properties. This organization results in a control system that is proportional, stable, precise, consistent, and adjustable.
Just another drug? A philosophical assessment of randomised controlled studies on intercessory prayer

The empirical results from recent randomised controlled studies on remote, intercessory prayer remain mixed. Several studies have, however, appeared in prestigious medical journals, and it is believed by many researchers, including apparent sceptics, that it makes sense to study intercessory prayer as if it were just another experimental drug treatment. This assumption is challenged by (1) discussing problems posed by the need to obtain the informed consent of patients participating in the studies; (2) pointing out that if the intercessors are indeed conscientious religious believers, they should subvert the studies by praying for patients randomised to the control groups; and (3) showing that the studies in question are characterised by an internal philosophical tension because the intercessors and the scientists must take incompatible views of what is going on: the intercessors must take a causation-first view, whereas the scientists must take a correlation-first view. It therefore makes no ethical or methodological sense to study remote, intercessory prayer as if it were just another drug.
Preservice Teachers Connecting Mathematics and Drumming.

Increasingly, elementary classroom teachers are being called to teach a myriad of subjects, including visual art, dance, and music. Preservice teachers must be prepared to teach and integrate multiple subjects. To that end, preservice teachers will need experiences in their preparation that help them to see connections across content areas and equip them with the knowledge and skills necessary to plan and teach meaningfully integrated lessons. This paper describes an exploratory experience that afforded preservice teachers an opportunity to explore the connections between music and mathematics during a hands-on drumming lesson.
The relationship between native richness and exotic success depends on the index of exotic success and environmental gradients

The theory of resource use pre-emption suggests that diverse communities may be more resistant to invasion than simple communities due to lack of niche space for invaders. Studies examining the relationship of native species richness to exotic success have provided mixed support for this idea. To test this theory, I measured plant diversity and cover across topographic gradients differing in resource availability in a California serpentine grassland, and measured exotic success as either species richness, absolute cover, or dominance of exotic species. I then evaluated models predicting these different measures of exotic success, using either native richness alone or in conjunction with environmental variables as predictors. Species richness was a poor index of exotic success, as it was relatively weakly related to more direct measures of exotic success, exotic cover and dominance, and varied differently along environmental gradients from those two variables. Native richness was a significant negative predictor of exotic success whether environmental variables were included or excluded, although the relationship was stronger when using exotic cover or dominance than exotic richness. My results contrast with observational studies that have found positive relationships between native and exotic richness, in part because
Inclusion of Asymptotic Dependence of Reorganization Energy in the Modified Marcus-Based Multistate Model Accurately Predicts Hole Distribution in Poly-p-phenylene Wires

We recently developed an intuitive multistate parabolic model (MPM), based on the Marcus two-state model, to describe the redox and optical properties and spin/charge distribution in the cation radicals of different poly-p-phenylene wires and showed that MPM predictions closely matched, in most cases, with the experimental and computational findings. Application of MPM to different classes of poly-p-phenylene-based wires led us to recognize that its performance is not optimal in certain cases, especially in describing the hole distribution in second excited states of poly-p-phenylene wires due to the quadratic shape of the reorganization function. In this work we show that a revised multistate model (MSM), where parabolas were replaced with a composite quadratic/reciprocal function, successfully addresses these issues by taking into account the differing energetic requirement for near and distant units by quadratic and reciprocal components of the reorganization function, respectively. Moreover, the neces...
The Irreversibly Comatose: Respect for the Subhuman in Human Life

In the case of the irreversibly comatose patient, though no personal consciousness remains, some moral duty is owed the remaining biological life. Such an ending to human life, if pathetic, is also both intelligible and meaningful in a biological and evolutionary perspective. By distinguishing between the human subjective life and the spontaneous objective life, we can recognize a naturalistic principle in medical ethics, contrary to a current tendency to defend purely humanistic norms. This principle has applications in clinical care in the definition of death, in the use of life support therapy, in distinguishing ordinary from extraordinary therapy, in evaluating euthanasia, and in the extent of appropriate medical intervention in terminal cases.
Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide Nanowires: Effect of Size- Dependent Defect Density

This paper reports quantitative mechanical characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires (NWs) via in situ tensile tests inside scanning electron microscopy using a microelectromechanical system. The NWs are synthesized using the vapor-liquid-solid process with growth direction of ⟨111⟩. They consist of three types of structures, pure face-centered cubic (3C) structure, 3C structure with an inclined stacking fault (SF), and highly defective structure, in a periodic fashion along the NW length. The SiC NWs are found to deform linear elastically until brittle fracture. Their fracture origin is identified in the 3C structures with inclined SFs, rather than the highly defective structures. The fracture strength increases as the NW diameter decreases from 45 to 17 nm, approaching the theoretical strength of 3C SiC. The size effect on fracture strength of SiC NWs is attributed to the size-dependent defect density rather than the surface effect that is dominant for single crystalline NWs.
Size dictates mechanical properties for protein fibers self-assembled by the Drosophila hox transcription factor ultrabithorax.

The development of protein-based materials with diverse mechanical properties will facilitate the realization of a broad range of potential applications. The recombinant Drosophila melanogaster transcription factor Ultrabithorax self-assembles under mild conditions in aqueous buffers into extremely extensible materials. By controlling fiber diameter, both the mechanism of extension and the magnitude of the mechanical properties can be varied. Narrow Ultrabithorax fibers (diameter 15 μm) reflects the increase in breaking strain with increasing diameter, apparently due to a change in structure. The breaking stress/strain of the widest fibers resembles that of natural elastin. Intermediate fibers display mixed properties. Fiber bundles retain the mechanical properties of individual fibers but can withstand much larger forces. Controlling fiber size and generating fiber superstructures is a facile way to manipulate the mechanical characteristics of protein fibers and rationally engineer macroscale protein-based materials with desirable properties.
Petroleum Refinery Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) Model User Reference Guide

The Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) models, developed through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), are user-friendly tools utilized to estimate the economic impacts at the local level of constructing and operating fuel and power generation projects for a range of conventional and renewable energy technologies. The JEDI Petroleum Refinery Model User Reference Guide was developed to assist users in employing and understanding the model. This guide provides information on the model's underlying methodology, as well as the parameters and references used to develop the cost data utilized in the model. This guide also provides basic instruction on model add-in features, operation of the model, and a discussion of how the results should be interpreted. Based on project-specific inputs from the user, the model estimates job creation, earning and output (total economic activity) for a given petroleum refinery. This includes the direct, indirect and induced economic impacts to the local economy associated with the refinery's construction and operation phases. Project cost and job data used in the model are derived from the most current cost estimations available. Local direct and indirect economic impacts are estimated using economic multipliers derived from IMPLAN software. By determining the regional economic impacts and job creation for a proposed refinery, the JEDI Petroleum Refinery model can be used to field questions about the added value refineries may bring to the local community.
Aggression, sibling antagonism, and theory of mind during the first year of siblinghood: a developmental cascade model

A developmental cascade model was tested to examine longitudinal associations among firstborn children's aggression, theory of mind (ToM), and antagonism toward their younger sibling during the 1st year of siblinghood. Aggression and ToM were assessed before the birth of a sibling and 4 and 12 months after the birth, and antagonism was examined at 4 and 12 months in a sample of 208 firstborn children (initial Mage = 30 months, 56% girls) from primarily European American, middle-class families. Firstborns' aggression consistently predicted high sibling antagonism both directly and through poorer ToM. Results highlight the importance of examining longitudinal influences across behavioral, social-cognitive, and relational factors that are closely intertwined even from the early years of life.
Public folklore dialogism and critical heritage studies

AbstractPublic folklore’s dialogic engagement with communities incorporates methodologies for sharing representational and interpretive authority, collaborative programme development, mutually constructed modes of presentation and stakeholder participation in policy-making. While recognising that heritage interventions inevitably involve power asymmetries, public folklore seeks to mitigate and diminish these imbalances as it develops approaches to enable communities to present their culture on their own terms. This paper explores dialogic public folklore practice through community self-documentation projects, folklife festivals, government folk arts funding programmes and a project promoting places of local cultural significance. It provides examples of the integration of multiple roles of public folklorists as scholars, administrators, producers of folklore presentations and government heritage officers. Public folklore praxis achieved through the integration of these roles is seen as a potential model f...
Energy-balanced Reliable Routing Metric Method in Wireless Sensor Network

Aiming at the limited energy and the special requirement of transmission reliability for Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),an energy-balanced routing metric measure method,EBETX is proposed,.This method avoids the data packet transmit along the lower energy path,and selects the path which has more surplus energy.It makes the energy of the nodes in the network keep balance.Simulation results by NS2 show that this method can prolong the life time of the network and implement the effective balance of transmission reliability and energy balance.
Evozierte Enthemmung und Bahnungsminderung in corticalen Nervenzellen

In Pyramidenzellen des sensomotorischen Cortex der Katze lassen sich zwei Arten reizbedingter Hyperpolarisation unterschiedlicher Dauer auslosen. Beide beginnen mit einem inhibitorischen postsynaptischen Potential (IPSP), das bis zu 60 msec andauern kann. Es wird aus einzelnen IPSP-Stufen aufgebaut, die zeitlich mit den Aktionspotentialen hochfrequent entladender Zwischenneurone ubereinstimmen konnen.
Semiotics as a Tool for Learning Mathematics: How to Describe the Construction, Visualisation, and Communication of Mathematical Concepts by Adalira Sáenz-Ludlow & Gert Kadunz (Eds.).

The purpose and significance of this edited book are summed up well in the first paragraph of the first chapter, which is beautifully written by the two editors of the volume: This introductory cha...
Social Protection for the Poor and Poorest: An Introduction

There is an emerging consensus around the view that social protection provides an effective response to poverty and vulnerability in developing countries.1 This is finding expression in the growing number of national governments adopting social protection strategies, and in the rapidly expanding set of policies and programmes being implemented in developing countries.2 There is also rising interest in social protection among development researchers, with social protection being viewed increasingly as the emerging paradigm for social policy in developing countries.
Determination of initial leads of four terrestrial terrains, applying the Tulip methodology

Abstract The recently developed TULIP methodology for determining Initial lead , based on the measured Pb isotopic compositions of rocks, was applied to four terrestrial terrains, and the results are shown and discussed in this report. Particular emphasis was given to the determination of initial Pb of the South Of Isua (SOI) terrain, because of the availability of a large high-quality database on its rocks and feldspar separates. The initial Pb results for SOI, are: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 11.088 ± 0.024, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 12.983 ± 0.002, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 31.196 ± 0.014. Initial Pb was also precisely determined for the Beartooth Mountains, and the results are: 206/204 = 13.571 ± 0.071, 207/204 = 14.891 ± 0.003, and 208/204 = 32.41 ± 0.08. These results demonstrate the feasibility of routine determination of initial Pb by the developed methodology, once large databases for the terrains are established. Extending the methodology to terrains of other planets should be possible. Projection of initial Pb by a database is caused by Th-U-Pb fractionation, in disturbing events superimposed on the rocks of a terrain. As demonstrated mathematically (in a companion paper), elemental fractionation can induce alignments of the data in linear trends of false ‘ages,’ which together with the rocks' isochron, converge (on various Pb plots) on a point that yields initial Pb. This may result in two counter effects: (1) precise determination of initial Pb, and (2) ambiguity in the exact meaning of an isochron (because of the possibility it was affected by fractionation, like the other lines). Consequently associating a Pb/Pb age with the determined initial may not always be meaningful. For SOI, the rocks' age is 3.84 ± 0.05 Ga. The ability to determine initial Pb opens the possibility for eventual unfolding of details of the evolutionary history of the Earth and other planets. However, that cannot be satisfactorily achieved without additionally developing a methodology for resolving initial Pb to its multi-stages. Because such methodology is still lacking, a procedure of Congruently Associated Profiles ( CAPs ), for resolving initial Pb to a maximum of three stages was developed and outlined in a companion paper (C, P, # 1, 2016). For SOI, only a two-stage CAP solution is possible. It indicates a U-Pb fractionation event at 67.5 Ma after the Earth's accretion (that is a first stage lasting from 4.563 to 4.496 Ga), with μ = 238 U/ 204 Pb = 0.45 ± 0.25. For the second stage, extending from 4.496 to 3.8 Ga, I obtain μ = 9.25 ± 0.02. The stated duration of 67.5 Ma for the first stage is an upper limit, and in a multi- stage solution, if and when it becomes possible, the first stage duration would be shorter, and its meaning may be elucidated. For now it remains subject to qualitative speculations including the possibility of being ‘associated’ with core formation, or an early impact (resulting in formation of the moon?), or …or. This ambiguity underlines a crucial need for a methodology to resolve initial Pb to more of its multi stages.
Computer Simulations and Nonlinear Dynamics of Cardiac Action Potentials

Sudden cardiac death accounts for >300,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. However, several clinical trials failed and tested drugs increased molarity. Therefore, deeper understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmias is required. The goals of this chapter are (1) to learn how to make a mathematical model of the cardiac action potential, (2) to learn how to simulate the model and analyze the dynamics, (3) to learn how to parallelize the code to simulate computationally intensive models.
The influence of polymer adsorption, and fiber composition, on the rheology of aqueous suspensions of aspen, cotton, and corn stover pulps

Abstract The mechanisms governing the ability of water-soluble polymers (WSP) to alter the rheological properties of lignocellulosic biomass to achieve processing advantages are investigated. Lignocellulosic fiber surface chemistry is found to be an important factor in the efficacy of WSPs as rheological modifiers, and a strong correlation between the amount of adsorbed polymer at fiber surfaces and the yield stress of the fiber suspension indicate that adsorption of polymer is important for rheological modification. Three fiber suspensions of varying physical chemistry were produced from Aspen wood chips, and a number of additional fiber suspensions with chemically functionalized surfaces were generated from cellulose pulp. Polymer adsorption and suspension rheology are found to correlate in every case examined, but the amount of adsorbed polymer alone cannot be used to predict the efficacy of a WSP as a rheological modifier, suggesting that there are contributions from additional variables such as adsorbed-polymer conformation.
Abstract P042: Development of a Novel Gper-1 Knock Out Rat Model Using a Modified Crispr/cas9 Technology

The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (Gper-1 or Gpr 30) is a newly recognized estrogen receptor that is widely expressed in various tissues including heart and blood vessels. Rat Gper-1 is a single exonic gene located on chromosome 12. Gper-1 is implicated in the regulation of blood pressure in female mice potentially through its function as a receptor for estrogen. These studies conducted using mice that are without a genetic background permissive for the development of hypertension are not particularly useful for evaluating the function of Gper-1 in the context of hypertension. To understand the function of Gper-1 in the context of a genetically permissive background, we attempted to knock-out the Gper-1 gene on the genome of the Dahl-salt sensitive (S) rat using an modified Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) method. To ensure complete knock-out, instead of the traditional method of using a single gRNA, two gRNAs, each targeting one end of the 1128bp Gper-1 gene were developed. The gRNAs were injected into the Dahl S rat embryos. The embryos were then implanted into ten pseudo-pregnant females. Among the 125 pups born, 5 homozygous founders, 21 heterozygotes and 3 partial Gper-1 deletion founders were identified. In conclusion, using an advanced CRISPR/Cas9 technique a panel of Gper-1 rat knock-outs and targeted mutants were generated, which will serve as novel models for studying the structure-function relationships of the Gper-1 gene.
All Aqueous Assemblies via Interfacial Complexation: Toward Artificial Cell and Microniche Development

In nature, the environment surrounding biomolecules and living cells can dictate their structure, function, and properties. Confinement is a key means to define and regulate such environments. For example, the confinement of appropriate constituents in compartments facilitates the assembly, dynamics, and function of biochemical machineries as well as subcellular organelles. Membraneless organelles, in particular, are thought to form via thermodynamic cues defined within the interior space of cells. On larger length scales, the confinement of living cells dictates cellular function for both mammalian and bacterial cells. One promising class of artificial structures that can recapitulate these multiscale confinement effects is based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). This feature article highlights recent developments in the production and stabilization of ATPS-droplet-based systems, with a focus on interfacial complexation. These systems enable structure formation, modulation, and triggered (dis)assembl...
The normative function of national historical narratives: South Korean perceptions of relations with Japan

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the normative function of historic narratives using the example of South Korean perceptions of twentieth-century history. The exploration of how relations between South Korea and Japan are perceived is based on 32 semi-structured interviews with academics, representatives of non-government organizations, and government officials in South Korea. The paper posits that the normative function of historical narratives is based on four mechanisms: (1) recognition: identifying problems in society that are associated with the aggressive and vicious actions of an outgroup in the past; (2) assessment: framing these problems as injustices; (3) connotation: establishing a specific meaning of national identity that promotes motivations for actions and agency (with specific duties and obligations); and (4) prescription: defining explicit strategies and tactics for action. An analysis of these mechanisms, which comprise the structure of historical narratives, reveals that ...
Somatization Among Refugees: An Epidemiologie Study

Somatization has been widely reported among refugee psychiatric patients since World War II, and some psychological theorists have viewed somatization as an alternative to depression. These and other theories were tested in a population survey of 97 Hmong refugees who had lived in the U.S. for several years. Four different measures of somatization were employed, including a 12-item self-rating scale, a single-item global rating based on the total interview, and somatic subscales of the two Hamilton interview-rating scales. These data demonstrate that somatization accompanies certain demographic characteristics that are associated with failure to acculturate. Somatization in this non-patient, refugee population was associated with treatment seeking and self-identified "medical problems" and with psychiatric symptoms and disorders, but not with objective evidence of medical disorder.
Direct Wave Propagation in the Frequency Domain via the Dirichlet-to-Neumann Operator Symbol

The wave field splitting/invariant imbedding/phase space approach to direct wave propagation in the frequency domain is outlined. The properties and subsequent applications of the reflection and Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator symbols are briefly illustrated by an exact solution case.
Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Lipid Mediators Derived from Arachidonic Containing Membrane Phospholipids

Arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14(Z,Z,Z,Z)- eicosatetraenoic acid) is one of the most common polyunsaturated fatty acids present within virtually all mammalian cells. Arachidonic acid plays an important role in biological chemistry because of its unique physical properties such as influencing membrane fluidity as well as serving as a source of a diverse family of oxidized metabolites known to play important physiological and pathophysiological roles within tissues. Even though a very small percentage of the total arachidonic acid within cells is ever involved in the oxidative reactions that lead to the formation of compounds such as prostaglandins [1] and leukotrienes [2], a considerable amount of effort has been placed in designing agents that either inhibit production of these molecules or block their actions. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes exert their biological activity through G-protein linked membrane receptors on the surface of cells, and these specific receptors are linked to numerous signal transduction processes, which lead to a myriad of biological responses mediated by these lipid products. The enzymes that form these lipid mediators utilize arachidonic acid only as a free carboxylic acid, and do not act on arachidonic acid while it is esterified to membrane phospholipids. This is rather curious because the majority of all arachidonate within cells exists in the plasma and organelle membranes in various phospholipid classes esterified to the sn-2 position [3]. The other curious feature of the enzymes responsible for the initial oxidation of arachidonic acid involves the formation of free radical intermediates which can readily react with molecular oxygen. The enzymes cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase, and 12-lipoxygenase utilize iron in various bound forms in the active site to initiate these free radical reactions. Within the active site, the chemical reactivity of these radical species is controlled, resulting in a stereospecific reaction mechanism.
Correlates and Moderators of Stigma Resistance Among People with Severe Mental Illness

Abstract Research on factors associated with stigma resistance among people with severe mental illness remains relatively scant. This study aimed to (1) replicate previous findings linking stigma resistance with variables associated with recovery; (2) explore associations between stigma resistance and coping strategies and psychiatric symptoms; (3) compare these associations among individuals with different levels of self-stigma; and (4) examine whether race, age and education moderate these relationships. Analyses of a sample (n = 353) and sub-sample (n = 177) of persons with severe mental illness examined associations between stigma resistance and self-stigma, functional and clinical outcomes, and the moderating impact of age, race, and education on these relationships. Stigma resistance was significantly negatively associated with self-stigma and positively associated with social functioning, self-esteem, problem-centered coping, and symptoms of hostility-excitement, but not other types of symptoms. Race significantly moderated the relationship between stigma resistance and self-stigma, age significantly moderated the relationships between hopelessness and both stigma resistance and self-stigma, and education significantly moderated the relationship between stigma resistance and social functioning. Findings suggest that social circumstances impact the benefit of stigma resistance in complex ways; future work should aim to understand how these experiences impact stigma resistance to inform intervention development.
Prevalence and Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems in US Children.

Objectives To use the latest data to estimate the prevalence and correlates of currently diagnosed depression, anxiety problems, and behavioral or conduct problems among children, and the receipt of related mental health treatment. Study design We analyzed data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to report nationally representative prevalence estimates of each condition among children aged 3-17 years and receipt of treatment by a mental health professional. Parents/caregivers reported whether their children had ever been diagnosed with each of the 3 conditions and whether they currently have the condition. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the prevalence of conditions and treatment according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. The independent associations of these characteristics with both the current disorder and utilization of treatment were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among children aged 3-17 years, 7.1% had current anxiety problems, 7.4% had a current behavioral/conduct problem, and 3.2% had current depression. The prevalence of each disorder was higher with older age and poorer child health or parent/caregiver mental/emotional health; condition-specific variations were observed in the association between other characteristics and the likelihood of disorder. Nearly 80% of those with depression received treatment in the previous year, compared with 59.3% of those with anxiety problems and 53.5% of those with behavioral/conduct problems. Model-adjusted effects indicated that condition severity and presence of a comorbid mental disorder were associated with treatment receipt. Conclusions The latest nationally representative data from the NSCH show that depression, anxiety, and behavioral/conduct problems are prevalent among US children and adolescents. Treatment gaps remain, particularly for anxiety and behavioral/conduct problems.
Ground Testing and Instrument Development for the AeroCube-10 Space Solar Cell Experiment

The Aerospace Corporation’s AeroCube-6 nanosatellites collected simultaneous on-orbit micro-dosimeter and experimental solar cell data. Building on the results of this previous mission, we have developed new instrumentation and a new experiment to better characterize on-orbit degradation of space solar cells while measuring the charged particle radiation causing it. This paper discusses initial ground test results and instrument development efforts for a payload to be flown on a new mission, called AeroCube-10.
Heart Checks in College-Aged Students Link Poor Sleep to Cardiovascular Risk.

Objective: To describe the relationships between the cardiovascular health, lifestyle behaviors, and lifestyle beliefs among college-aged students.Participants: Seven hundred and twenty-nine colleg...
"Pretty Close to a Must-Have": Balancing Usability Desire and Security Concern in Biometric Adoption

We report on a qualitative inquiry among security-expert and non-expert mobile device users about the adoption of biometric authentication using semi-structured interviews(n=38, 19/19 expert/non-expert). Security experts more readily adopted biometrics than non-experts but also harbored greater distrust towards its use for sensitive transactions,feared biometric signature compromise, and in some cases distrusted newer facial recognition methods. Both groups harbored misconceptions, such as misunderstanding of the functional role of biometrics in authentication, and were about equally likely to have stopped using biometrics due to usability. Implications include the need for tailored training for security-informed advocates, better design for device sharing and co-registration, and consideration for usability needs in work environments. Refinement of these features would remove perceived obstacles to ubiquitous computing among the growing population of mobile technology users sensitized to security risk.
OR31-3 Role of a Novel Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptor OLFR78 in Mediating Gluco-metabolic Hormone Secretion

Olfactory receptor OLFR78 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which is activated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate. OLFR78 is expressed in islets as well as intestinal epithelial cells. Based on these properties, we hypothesized its role in the regulation of metabolic hormone secretion. Our emerging data shows that OLFR78 signaling regulates GLP-1 secretion from murine enteroendocrine cells in vitro and ex vivo. We demonstrate that knockdown of Olfr78 through siRNA in the murine enteroendocrine cell line STC-1 results in a significant reduction in propionate-induced GLP-1 secretion. Utilizing constitutive and cyclic AMP inducible transcriptional luciferase promoters in addition to G protein pathway modulators, we further demonstrate that the signaling pathway downstream of active OLFR78 involves the activation of a Gαs subunit. As GLP-1 is an insulinotropic factor, we sought to determine the role of OLFR78 in insulin secretion and β cell mass maintenance. Using islets isolated from both wildtype and global OLFR78 knockout mice, we show that OLFR78 signaling in islets does not have a significant effect on insulin secretion. Additionally, we observed no differences in beta cell mass in wildtype versus OLFR78 knockout mice. Furthermore, no differences are observed in incretin secretion in response to oral glucose challenge between wildtype and knockout mice fed normal chow. However, ileal explants prepared from wildtype mice reveal higher secretion of GLP-1 in response to propionate challenge. These data suggest that specific activation of the receptor, rather than its presence alone, affects GLP-1 secretion. We have previously shown that the activity of other SCFA-sensing GPCRs, such as FFA2 and FFA3, are dependent on gut microbiota-derived metabolites which fluctuate with physiological stress. Similarly, we believe that the function of OLFR78 will be more evident under conditions of dietary stress, which is a crucial determinant of gut microbial activity.
Landscape Literacy: Teaching to Read the World through a Curricular-Spatial Analysis

Abstract : Life landscapes is a concept that draws attention to ways in which people, places, and spaces are engaged in continual dialogue, through explicit and hidden curriculum that acts to shape identities, values, and worldviews. Explorations of life, and other social landscapes, offer an approach to Paulo Freire’s liberation education --that is, an approach to reading, and teaching to read, the world . This paper offers an understanding of “the world” as life and social landscapes with curricular dimensions to explore socio-spatial memories and experiences, systems and geographies of inequities, and strategic approaches to social change. Conceptualizing a theoretical and praxis-oriented framework as an approach to liberation education, this paper seeks to bring two critical discourses in conversation with one another: the hidden curriculum in education and spatial analysis in cultural geography. Theorizing a relationship between the hidden curriculum and the production of space, this paper offers curricular-spatial analysis and landscape literacy as two interrelated elements of a theoretical and praxis-oriented framework in service to liberation education to open new possibilities for reading, and teaching to read, the world.
The "Overton Window" as Manipulative Mechanism of Public Values Transformation

The purpose of the article is the implementation of the scientific and theoretical substantiation of the "Overton Window" concept as a method of applying manipulative technologies on the mass consciousness influence in order to change public values. Methodology. The research uses general scientific and special methods, in particular: inductive and deductive method, the method of analysis and synthesis, dialectic method, system, and structural-functional analysis, the method of empirical data ranking. Scientific novelty is to prove the universality of the “Overton Window” as a model of policy change in the process of interaction between its producers ("society ↔ authority"), in which: the choice of alternatives to socially-oriented administrative decisions of stakeholders (officeholder) takes place under the influence of public opinion in order to provide electoral support to the target audience (direct impact of the impact of "society → authority"); The choice of alternatives to managerial decisions is made by stakeholders (office managers) independently, influencing society (creating the necessary or changing the existing attitude of target audiences), in particular through manipulation with the conscious and unconscious (the reverse effect of influence: "society ← authority"). Conclusions. As a result of the research, the danger of the “Overton Window” concept used for the transformation of public values in Ukraine has been proved and practical recommendations for protecting the mass consciousness from the manipulative technologies influence have been suggested.
A Comprehensive, Research-based, Peer Review and Self-evaluation Module for Integration into Combined Composition Classes for Second (L2) and Heritage (HL) Language Learners of Spanish

Second (L2) and heritage (HL) language learners face a variety of similar challenges when they approach the writing of Spanish compositions. Practitioners have often suggested peer editing as a prefinal step to help identify student writing errors that can be corrected before submission of a final product. However, some studies reveal that student writers do not always trust feedback from their classmates and hesitate to follow through with peer recommendations to the same extent they will from their instructors. This paper suggests an enhancement to the traditional peer editing process that combines a semester-long training program in peer and self-evaluation along with a research-based instrument for a more comprehensive evaluation of Spanish compositions. The instrument is versatile enough to serve students who place at different levels of proficiency along both L2 and HL learner continuums. The paper argues that by becoming a better peer evaluator, one in turn becomes a better self-evaluator. This new process returns control to students, creates more self-reliant writers, and empowers them to significantly improve their essays prior to submission. The paper concludes with the suggestion that if students adopt this process and continue its use it for future compositions, they can eventually become sufficiently trained to the point at which application of evaluation criteria becomes part of their normal mental routine before submitting any written work.
Cloud Based Algorithm for Task Management

Time management is challenging because not only does one want to ensure they are able to get work done on time, they also want to utilize time in the most efficient way. This paper proposes a solution developed using Cloud Computing and a scheduling algorithm based on Pomodoro technique.
Integrating Fluid Simulation with Virtual Die Casting Machine for Industry 4.0 and Operator Training

High Pressure Die Casting is a complex manufacturing process in which molten metal is forced into a mold cavity under high pressure where it then cools and solidifies. An interactive virtual training simulator is being developed which integrates fluid flow simulations with die casting machine parameters to improve operator understanding of the process and ultimately improve casting quality. Methods for combining fluid simulation results with tools from the game industry for virtual reality and augmented reality applications in industry 4.0 are discussed.
Host Fish Associations for Two Highly Imperiled Mussel Species from the Southwestern United States: Cyclonaias necki (Guadalupe Orb) and Fusconaia mitchelli (False Spike)

Most freshwater mussels (Unionidae) require a specific host fish to advance their life cycle. Currently, hosts are known for only one-third of the mussel species endemic to the United States and Canada. Texas boasts the greatest diversity of freshwater mussels in the southwestern United States. However, information on mussel-host relationships for ∼52 species known to occur within the state is either lacking or incomplete, including two species, Cyclonaias necki (Guadalupe Orb) and Fusconaia mitchelli (False Spike), currently under review for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. To address this deficiency, we conducted laboratory trials that tested 12 fish species (four families and 11 genera) for C. necki and eight species (four families and seven genera) for F. mitchelli. For C. necki, we identified four host species, Ictalurus punctatus (Channel Catfish), Pylodictis olivarus (Flathead Catfish), Noturus gyrinus (Tadpole Madtom), and Ameiurus natalis (Yellow Bullhead). The transformation period was 11 to 22 d for I. punctatus (peak metamorphosis at 15 d), 16 d for P. olivaris and A. natalis, and 10 d for N. gyrinus. For F. mitchelli, we identified two host species, Cyprinella lutrensis (Red Shiner) and Cyprinella venusta (Blacktail Shiner); for both, the transformation period was 18 d. Current information on the status of these six host species within the Guadalupe River suggests that imperilment of C. necki and F. mitchelli may be partly related to the status of their host fishes. Our results also provide critical information for informing recovery activities, such as translocation and captive propagation, if deemed necessary for one or both mussel species.