cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The problem of “timing” in facial growth, with special reference to the period of the changing dentition

Abstract 1. 1. Organic growth is a dynamic, not a static, process. There are time-linked periods of faster and slower growth. This is true not only of systemic growth generally, but also of dimensional growth. 2. 2. Growth in height and weight was used as an example to show that the incremental curve will graphically demonstrate the decelerating and accelerating phases of growth progress. 3. 3. There are three principal ways in which to handle growth data: chronological age, skeletal age, dental age. The first is based purely upon sidereal time, the second and third upon biological time. In the present paper only dental age was considered. 4. 4. All physical (or morphological) growth is measurable. Hence, we can ascertain central tendency and the normal range of variation by means of statistical analysis. 5. 5. In the face there are three planes, or “avenues,” of growth: height (vertical), breadth (transverse), and depth (sagittal). 6. 6. At birth breadths are 55 to 60 per cent of their final adult value, heights, 40 to 45 per cent, and depths, 30 to 35 per cent. 7. 7. Postnatally the amount of growth, to the attainment of adult values, is 65 to 70 per cent in depths, 55 to 60 per cent in heights, and 40 to 45 per cent in breadths. 8. 8. The major portion of this paper is given to a report on the first two years of a serial study of the facial growth of 600 Philadelphia school children (age-range 6 1 2 to 13 1 2 years) during the period of “the changing dentition”. 8.1. a. The data are handled on the basis of Hellman Stages III A, III B, III C, IV A, for which we have determined revised chronological ages. 8.2. b. Facial growth data are presented in terms of measurements of height, breadth, depth, and mandibular size and position. 8.3. c. The face, during the period studied, gains in height mostly in the upper segment, i.e., in the nasorespiratory area. There is some lower (symphysial) gain. Dental height is static. 8.4. d. The face, during the period studied, gains in breadth at bicondylar and bizygomatic levels, less so at mandibular (bigonial) level. 8.5. e. The face, during the period studied, gains in depth at quite a uniform rate, i.e., evenly in both upper and lower segments (though mid-face may show a slightly higher gain). 8.6. f. The mandibular dimensions, during the period studied, tend to change (increase) in “pattern fashion,” i.e., the age-changes are relatively synchronous. 8.7. g. Throughout the period studied there is a tendency for females to grow at a slightly faster (earlier) rate; they are, as a rule, about one dental stage in advance of the boys. 8.8. h. This first report, based on dental age, is subject to amplification and possible correlation by analysis of the basic data in terms of chronological and skeletal ages. Furthermore, we are now gathering roentgenographic cephalometric data on each child, thus providing a further and additional analytic and comparative approach.
Finite difference time domain analysis for measuring transmission and reflection coefficients in negative index materials

We will discuss the reflection and transmission coefficients in the negative index materials. Based on the finite differential time domain approach, we obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients depending on permittivity and permeability at a fixed frequency. The transmissivity and reflectivity will be also examined. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. This technique can be easily extended to the multi-layered structure with negative index materials to design the optical system.
A Woman with a Lesion on Her Finger and Bacteremia

Diagnosis: Soft-tissue infection and bacteremia due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The cutaneous injury from the catfish (figure 1) suggested a zoonosis, and blood cultures grew a pleomorphic, nonsporulating, gram-positive bacillus identified as E. rhusiopathiae (figure 2). Cutaneous infection is the most common manifestation of human infection with E. rhusiopathiae. Louis Pasteur isolated E. rhusiopathiae from swine in 1882; it was isolated from cutaneous lesions in humans by Rosenbach in 1909. The human disease was named "erysipeloid" by Rosenbach, in distinction to erysipelas, which was recognized as a manifestation of streptococcal infection [1]. E. rhusiopathiae is recognized as a common commensal or pathogen of many vertebrate and invertebrate species. Swine are a major reservoir, although turkeys, sheep, dolphins, whales, fish, and shellfish commonly carry this organism. Human disease is primarily an occupationally acquired zoonosis, most commonly seen in workers who handle fish or meat [2, 3]. The portal of entry is typically a puncture wound or abrasion on the hand. A variety of bacteria ar pr sent in the exterior slime of fish and shellfish and can be transmitted to humans, causing topically a quired zoonoses. Among th m are Aeromonas hydrophilia, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptoc ccus iniae, Vibrio vulnificus, Mycobacterium marinum, and E. rhusiopat iae [4]. Our patient described a cutaneous injury caused by contact with a host likely colonized with Erysipelothrix, which is the common route of infection.
Malignant lymphoma of bone

A total of 422 patients with malignant lymphoma of bone who were seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1907 through 1982 were placed into four major groups based on stage of disease. There was one group with primary lymphoma of bone, one group with multifocal osseous lymphoma, and two groups with lymphoma of bone and nodal or soft tissue (or both) disease. The last-mentioned two groups were separated on the basis of time of onset of osseous lymphoma in relation to the nonosseous disease. The stage of disease was the single most important prognostic indicator of overall survival in malignant lymphoma of bone. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were, respectively, 58% and 53% for patients with primary bone lymphoma, 22% and 12.5% for patients with bone and nodal or soft tissue (or both) disease, and 42% and 35% for patients with multifocal osseous disease. Features having no significant prognostic value were sex of the patient, histologic grade of the lymphoma (according to the Working Formulation and the Kiel system), and presence of T-cell features or cleaved cells (or both). This study is not able to adequately address efficacy of treatment. In fact, treatment may be very important in outcome.
Non-essential dietary factors: from test tube to lifespan

The agriculture and food industries have an opportunity to change the future of food production by providing foods containing non-essential dietary factors (NEDFs) that improve health beyond a freedom from disease. In order to accomplish this in a safe and time-effective manner, however, each NEDF needs to be tested on a number of levels before it is incorporated into foods. In vitro assays are useful for discovering potential beneficial NEDFS, but in vivo studies are needed to both confirm positive effects and to detect negative effects. The genetic and metabolic similarities between humans and Caenorhabditis elegans, combined with the ease with which this nematode can be manipulated in the laboratory make it an attractive candidate to fulfill the role of an early stage in vivo model. Measuring the lifespan of C. elegans cultured in the presence of a range of concentrations of a NEDF would be of both mechanistic and strategic value in identifying those NEDFs that warrant further testing. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
An Analysis of Swahili Exegesis of « Surat al-shams » in Shaykh Abdullah Saleh al-Farsy's « Qurani Takatifu »

La rencontre entre l'Islam et les religions africaines, a travers la traduction commentee du Coran de Shaikh Abdullah Saleh al-Farsy (1912-1982). Cette traduction date de 1967
Quantitative wear measurement of posterior composite resins.

A quantitative method for measuring the wear of posterior composite restorations has been developed. The system utilizes the comparison of die stone casts of restored teeth to a set of calibrated standards as a means of evaluating the wear on the restorations. The technique facilitates the determination of the actual rate of clinical wear. This method, therefore, can be used to relate quantitatively the performance of one material to another. Further advantages are that materials can be compared without being a part of the same study, and that direct comparisons can be made of a single restoration at two or more ages.
Analytical Study of the Duffing Oscillator Excited by Colored Noise Using a Systematic Adiabatic Expansion

Analytical studies of nonlinear systems driven by colored noise are quite involved. If the inertia of the system is included in analysis, the results are physically realistic although the problem becomes more complex. Research along this line is in progress and this paper is an effort to study a nonlinear oscillator excited by correlated noise. The work delves on the Duffing oscillator driven by exponentially correlated noise. The colored Fokker-Planck equation is derived and the method ofsystematic adiabatic expansion is used to obtain the reduced probability density function from which the second-order moments are evaluated for different values of system parameters. Numerical simulation is carried out by generating colored noise using the spectral method. In the region where perturbation is valid, the results of adiabatic expansion agree very well with that of Monte Carlo simulation.
Characterization of the gene encoding a 60-kilodalton Babesia bovis merozoite protein with conserved and surface exposed epitopes.

Abstract A clone expressing a surface exposed, conserved epitope of a 60-kDa merozoite polypeptide was identified in a cDNA library constructed from a cloned Mexico strain of Babesia bovis . Sequencing of the 1.9-kb insert (pBv60) revealed an open reading frame encoding a 65-kDa polypeptide with a signal peptide and a tandemly repeated region. Monoclonal antibody 23/56.156, which binds a surface exposed epitope on the native polypeptide, specifically immunoprecipitated [ 35 S]methionine-labeled polypeptides ranging from 60-30 kDa from pBv60 directed transcription and translation. Antibodies raised in rabbits against recombinant polypeptide reacted with the live merozoite surface in a polar immunofluorescence pattern, immunoprecipitated the native 60-kDa polypeptide, and were used to deplete the polypeptide by adsorption from a preparation of native [ 35 S]methionine-labeled merozoite antigen. Restriction enzyme analysis indicated a single gene copy and the absence of introns. Hybridization demonstrated the presence of the gene in Mexico, Australia ‘L’, and Texas strains of B. bovis , but not in Babesia bigemina . A slightly different hybridization pattern was present in uncloned Australia ‘L’ B. bovis , indicating sequence diversity in the Bv60 gene among isolates. Cloning and structural analysis of pBv60 provides a source of defined antigen for determining the role of conserved merozoite surface epitopes in protective immunity against babesiosis.
Rural and Non-Rural African American Youth: Does Context Matter in the Etiology of Problem Behaviors?

The current study provides new information on the etiology of adolescent problem behaviors in African American youth by testing the importance of known predictors, namely parenting measures (monitoring, support, and communication), peers, and neighborhood characteristics across rural and non-rural developmental contexts. More specifically, the study examined whether rural versus non-rural developmental contexts moderated the relationships between known predictors and a variety of problem behaviors (alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, and violence). Data were collected from N = 687 rural and N = 182 non-rural African American adolescents (mean age = 15.8 years). Findings indicate that both parenting constructs and peer deviance had significant effects on problem behaviors and that these effects were consistent across rural and non-rural developmental contexts. The study results are discussed in terms of their implications for ecological frameworks for testing problem behavior etiology.
About children's oral health needs

Disparities in children's oral health are an important and solvable health problem in the United States today. Many parts of the dental and public health communities are actively engaged in efforts aimed at addressing these disparities. Much progress has been made in explicating the issues, developing the scientific and clinical knowledge base needed for primary prevention and treatment, and beginning the development of new training and community-based approaches. But much more is still needed, and there is a great deal that the pediatric community can do to help.
The Relation of Test Scores To Sales Criteria

Summary Information about 21 petroleum salesmen was used to determine the relation of certain test scores to three criteria of proficiency in selling. A sales quota criterion was more predictable than ratings. Tests which gave significant differences between high- and low-producing salesmen were the Otis Test of Mental Ability, four scales of the Bernreuter Personality Inventory, Tact and Diplomacy of the Moss-Hunt Social Intelligence Test, and the Sales Manager scale of the Strong Interest Test. The scales of the Washburne S-A Inventory did not differentiate between either the production or the ratings of salesmen.
The Bilimek Pulque Vessel

The Bilimek Vessel is among the most remarkable pieces of portable Aztec sculpture, and it contains an unusually complex body of imagery concerning starlore and cosmic battle. The Bilimek Vessel and other Aztec sources reveal that the alcoholic beverage pulque was well integrated into Aztec concepts of warfare and mythology. To the Aztec, pulque was identified with the souls of dead warriors and the starry night sky. The many figures appearing on the Bilimek Vessel represent star beings attacking the sun. At least three and probably four of the depicted deities are identical to the sky bearers appearing in the year-bearer pages of the Codex Borgia (see Seler 1963) and Codex Vaticanus B (see Seler 1902–1903). It is noted that much of the iconography and calendrics appearing on the Bilimek Vessel concerns the completion of the 52-year cycle and the New Fire ceremony, an event that symbolized the cosmic battle between the sun and the fearsome tzitzimime star demons of darkness.
Hamiltonian description of ideal MHD revealing new invariants of motion

Abstract A new hamiltonian formulation for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations is suggested. The equations yield an infinite set of dynamical invariants. Important applications of these invariants for the theory of turbulence and numerical computations are conjectured.
Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein prevents endothelial permeability increase through transcriptional controlling p190RhoGAP expression

Increased endothelial permeability contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including acute lung injury. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcriptional factor induces genes that regulate inflammation and vascular remodeling. However, the role of CREB in regulating endothelial barrier function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CREB maintains basal endothelial barrier function and suppresses endothelial permeability increase by diverse agonists such as thrombin, lipopolysaccharide, histamine, and VEGF. We show that CREB transcriptionally controls the expression of p190RhoGAP-A, a GTPase-activating protein that inhibits small GTPase RhoA. Impairing CREB function using small interfering RNA or dominant-negative (dn)–CREB mutant (dn-CREB) markedly suppressed p190RhoGAP-A expression, increased RhoA activity, induced actin stress fiber formation, and produced an amplified and protracted increase in endothelial permeability in response to thrombin. Rescuing p190RhoGAP-A expression restored the permeability defect in dn-CREB–transducing endothelial cells. These findings were recapitulated in vivo because dn-CREB expression in mice vasculature increased basal lung microvessel permeability and exaggerated permeability increase induced by thrombin and lipopolysaccharide. Inhibiting RhoA signaling restored endothelial barrier dysfunction in the dn-CREB–expressing lung microvasculature. These results uncover a pivotal role of CREB in regulating endothelial barrier function by restricting RhoA signaling through controlling p190RhoGAP-A expression.
NONSOCIAL REINFORCEMENT AND HABITUAL CRIMINAL CONDUCT: AN EXTENSION OF LEARNING THEORY *

Drawing on a diverse literature, we explain how criminal behavior is maintained through a process of nonsocial reinforcement, and show that some persons find criminal behavior particularly rewarding. We test our assumptions using surveys of 295 incarcerated adult felons and 150 male college students and intensive focus groups with 40 habitual offenders currently serving time. Results suggest that the experience of committing nonviolent and, particularly, violent crime is intrinsically rewarding and tends to reinforce such behavior among habitual criminals. The endogenous rewards identified center on (1) the neurophysiological high such acts produce and (2) the symbolic meaning of the behavior as it relates to self-concept and identity formation. Findings from the surveys and the focus groups suggest that habitual criminality is sustained partly through the positive sensations (physiological and psychological) those crimes activate within the offender and that those sensations are instrumental in the maintenance and reinforcement of criminal careers. Based on what is known in the literature and what has been learned from our research, it seems that an effective way of integrating this knowledge lies in the direction of a nonsocial reinforcement arm of learning theory.
Thymus-derived lymphocytes in type B acute viral hepatitis and healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

To assess thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte function in hepatitis B infection, lymphocytes from patients with type B acute viral hepatitis and healthy carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen, were compared to normal controls using phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blast cell transformation and sheep-cell rosette formation. Overall cell (T lymphocyte)-mediated immune function was similar with thesein vitro assays in all three groups, except for decreases in total T cells in isolated patients with acute disease. Consequently, if a defect in cellular immunity exists in normal controls with persistent hepatitis B infection, it is probably specific for the antigens of the hepatitis B virus and not related to a generalized impairment of T-lymphocyte function.
Detection of low energy neutrals by a channel electron multiplier

Abstract A method for determining relative channel electron multiplier (CEM) detection efficiencies for low energy neutrals using the technique of direct recoiling is described. The method uses time-of-flight analysis of low-energy atoms recoiling from an energetic ion/surface collision. The system used for demonstration is 1–10 keV Ne+ scattering from a polyimide resin surface, producing H and C recoils. The behavior of the CEM detection efficiency γ can be divided into two regions: A flat plateau region is observed at high velocity while below a specific velocity, νH = 4.4 × 107 and νC = 3.2 × 107 cm/s, γ decreases linearly with velocity with slope d γ d ν = 6.4 × 10 −8 s/cm . This behavior is discussed in terms of secondary electron emission by a kinetic ejection process.
Young adult follow-up of adolescent girls in juvenile justice using the Columbia suicide severity rating scale.

This study focused on the reliability and validity of the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS). Severely delinquent adolescent girls (n = 166) participated in a treatment trial and repeated assessments over time. Lifetime suicide attempt history was measured using the C-SSRS in early adulthood (n = 144; 7-12 years postbaseline). Nonclinician raters showed strong interrater reliability using the C-SSRS. Self-reports, caseworker reports, and caregiver reports of girls' suicide attempt histories collected at baseline correlated with adult participants' recollections of their baseline attempt histories. Suicidal ideation measured prospectively across a 7- to -12-year period was associated with retrospectively reported suicide attempt across the same period.
An investigation of a 110-wavelength EHF waveguide lens

Expanded aluminum honeycomb with a nominal cell width of 0.156 in was used to fabricate a 24-in diameter unzoned lens for operation at 55 GHz. The lens exhibits good focusing properties but its efficiency of only 18 percent reflects significant random phase errors. These errors are shown to result mainly from variations of the cell width. From the measured radiation characteristics the average width of the cells is deduced to be 0.161 in with a standard deviation of 0.003 in. Since phase errors associated with variations of the cell width are proportional to the lens thickness, it is deduced that the much thinner zoned lenses fabricated from this material would exhibit efficiencies approaching 50 percent.
Predicting ESD Related Reliability Effects

This paper addresses a recent case history at Hewlett-Packard, where the cumulative effect of ESD damage has been observed in actual field failures on an LSI CMOS device. The failure rate of an LSI device accounted for a majority of the assembly line scrap as well as the majority of field returns. It was found that the two measuring points track each other and the line scrap rate can predict the field return rate for this failure mode. It was also found that the failure rate was constant with time for given populations.
Interleukin-6 in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Purpose To study the role of interleukin (IL)-6 after retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Intraocular pressure of adult male Lewis albino rats was raised to create retinal ischemia for 1 hour. Retinal reperfusion was reestablished, and the animals were killed at various time points after the injury. Their eyes were enucleated and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect IL-6 and ED-1 (a marker of microglial/phagocytic cells), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of IL-6 protein, and semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for IL-6 mRNA. The neuroprotective effect of IL-6 was evaluated by giving intravitreal injections of 150 or 300 ng rat recombinant IL-6 to eyes immediately after I/R injury and counting cresyl violet-stained retinal ganglion cell layer cells (RGCLCs) and fluorochrome-labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) on flat preparations of retinas at 7 days. Results IL-6-positive cells appeared after I/R injury in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). Their numbers were significantly higher 18 hours after the injury, and most of these cells were also ED-1 positive. ELISA showed noticeable increases in endogenous retinal IL-6 protein levels 8 hours after I/R injury. Semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR showed significant increases in endogenous retinal IL-6 mRNA levels between 2 and 18 hours. Exogenously added IL-6 prevented between 50% and 70% of RGC loss after I/R injury. Conclusions IL-6 is upregulated after retinal I/R injury, and its expression by microglia/phagocytic cells may protect RGC layer neurons from I/R injury. Exogenously added IL-6 protects the inner retina after I/R injury.
EFFECT OF ELEVATED GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE OXIDANT SENSITIVITY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENT ERYTHROCYTES

EFFECT OF ELEVATED GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE OXIDANT SENSITIVITY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENT ERYTHROCYTES
Impression Management in the Feedback-Seeking Process: A Literature Review and Research Agenda

Although impression management in the Feedback-seeking process has emerged as an important research topic, existing research has failed to capture the range and complexity of impression management behaviors. This article provides a theoretical framework for existing and future research. It examines how impression management sometimes discourages and at other times encourages feedback inquiry, and it explains the impact that impression management has on when, from whom, and how individuals ask for feedback. Organizational implications of the impression management motive in feedback seeking are discussed.
Multiple-Pass Decision-Directed Channel Estimation for Highly Mobile MIMO Communications

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems employing coherent detection, good performance depends on the availability of accurate channel estimates. This is a significant challenge in mobile MIMO systems where the channel coefficients change too rapidly for the effective use of traditional training methods. In this paper, we present a multiple-pass decision-directed scheme for channel estimation and symbol decoding in scenarios for which the MIMO channel varies rapidly. In this scheme, pilot symbols are embedded over a block of data symbols at the transmitter, and the receiver uses this pilot information to iteratively optimize the channel and symbol estimates over the entire symbol block. The optimization is carried out over a posterior distribution which incorporates information about the channel model and noise properties. The conjugate gradient algorithm is used to jointly optimize the channel estimates over the block. Simulations show the benefits of using embedded training and demonstrate the utility of this multiple-pass method
Inverse multiplexing in short-range multi-transport wireless communications

This paper describes a mechanism for utilizing inverse multiplexing to significantly increase the bandwidth available to short-range wireless devices. Previous work with inverse multiplexing has focused on wired networks; its implementation with short-range wireless transports introduces heterogeneity in the links, which must be taken into account. A mathematical model for an inverse multiplexing system is derived for several scheduling algorithms. Both process limited and transport limited systems are examined. The validity of this model is shown by our implementation of an inverse multiplexing layer that uses IrDa and Bluetooth transports. Concepts related to inverse multiplexing such as usage models, negotiation, quality of service, and the simultaneous use of multiple Bluetooth transports are discussed.
Chemotherapy targeting by DNA capture in viral protein particles.

Aim: This study tests the hypothesis that DNA intercalation and electrophilic interactions can be exploited to noncovalently assemble doxorubicin in a viral protein nanoparticle designed to target and penetrate tumor cells through ligand-directed delivery. We further test whether this new paradigm of doxorubicin targeting shows therapeutic efficacy and safety in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: We tested serum stability, tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo using biochemical, microscopy and cytotoxicity assays. Results: Self-assembly formed approximately 10-nm diameter serum-stable nanoparticles that can target and ablate HER2+ tumors at >10× lower dose compared with untargeted doxorubicin, while sparing the heart after intravenous delivery. The targeted nanoparticle tested here allows doxorubicin potency to remain unaltered during assembly, transport and release into target cells,while avoiding peripheral tissue damage and enabling lower, and thus safer, drug dose for tumo...
Determination of C∶H∶O∶N ratios in solid organic compounds by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy

A new approach for the determination of major elemental ratios in organic compounds by using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) was investigated. LIPS has been a well-known technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis for trace metals; however, there has been little research done on non-metal elements. The main elements, including C, H, O and N, were investigated using commercially available solid organic powders. A helium or argon gas environment was used to eliminate interference from air. Linear responses were obtained from these elements with precision and accuracy of 2–3%.
Efficient routing in delay tolerant networks with correlated node mobility

In a delay tolerant network (DTN), nodes are connected intermittently and the future node connections are mostly unknown. Since in these networks, a fully connected path from source to destination is unlikely to exist, message delivery relies on opportunistic routing. However, effective forwarding based on a limited knowledge of contact behavior of nodes is challenging. Most of the previous studies looked at only the pairwise node relations to decide routing. In contrast, in this paper, we analyze the correlation between the meetings of each node with other nodes and focus on the utilization of this correlation for efficient routing of messages. We introduce a new metric called conditional intermeeting time, which computes the average intermeeting time between two nodes relative to a meeting with a third node using only the local knowledge of the past contacts. Then, we show how we can utilize the proposed metric on the existing DTN routing protocols to improve their performance. For shortest-path based routing protocols in DTNs, we propose to route messages over conditional shortest paths in which the link cost between nodes are defined by conditional intermeeting times. Moreover, for metric-based forwarding protocols, we propose to use conditional intermeeting time as an additional delivery metric while making forwarding decisions of messages. Our trace-driven simulations on three different datasets show that the modified algorithms perform better than the original ones.
Responses to computer-generated visual stimuli by the male praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola (Burmeister)

Abstract We tested male mantis' responses to square, computer-generated visual stimuli of various sizes to determine the stimulus parameters that affect their striking behaviour. Males in a high-hunger group displayed a sharp preference for solid black 12×12-degree squares moving linearly against a white background, especially when the squares moved downward (versus horizontally). Males in a low-hunger group visually tracked but, with rare exception, did not strike at any linearly moving squares. In contrast, when solid black squares moved erratically around visual field centre, males struck regularly at them irrespective of hunger level, even when the squares were as large as 47×47 degrees. Males also recognized black-and-white Julesz-patterned square stimuli moving against a similarly patterned background, indicating that they recognized the synchronous movement of a group of stimulus elements as a single moving object. Finally, we compared allometric and life history data between male and females S. lineola to elucidate the possible reasons for the differences between male response patterns and previously published data on females. These comparisons suggest that males employ a different behavioural strategy than do females when faced with large, erratically moving visual stimuli.
Development of a Group Intervention to Improve School Functioning in Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Depressive Symptoms: A Study of Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy

Objective To establish feasibility and preliminary efficacy of ‘‘Coping with Pain in School’’ (CPS), an intervention to improve school functioning in adolescents with chronic pain and depressive symptoms. Methods Forty adolescents and parents participated in this uncontrolled trial. Participants completed measures of pain severity, depression, and school attendance at baseline and one month after participating in a manualized group intervention. Several other indicators of school functioning were explored. Results CPS was generally acceptable and satisfying to families and feasible to implement but participation was low. Post-treatment analyses suggest that pain, some dimensions of depression, and school attendance improved after treatment. Conclusions CPS is feasible and holds promise in terms of its effects on pain and school attendance. Addressing enrollment challenges, refining the role of depression and its treatment, and further developing treatments with a school-functioning focus for adolescents with chronic pain are key areas for continued research.
Microbial biomarkers as an indicator of ecosystem recovery following surface mine reclamation

Increased disturbance of terrestrial ecosystems in recent years for purposes of mineral extraction has created interest in development and optimization of reclamation methodologies for these lands. Currently, criteria for judging surface mine reclamation success, or progress toward reclamation goals, predominantly rely on aboveground indicators that fail to account for the abundance and composition of soil microbiota, an essential aspect of soil health. To test the utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biomarkers as indicators of reclamation progress, FAME bacterial, fungal, and total biomass biomarkers extracted from soil of surface mine reclamation sites of different ages and an adjacent undisturbed site were compared with other indicators of reclamation progress and ecosystem stability. Our results indicate that FAME microbial biomarkers and soil organic matter (SOM) contents were greatly impacted by disturbance. Discriminant analysis of FAME bacterial, fungal and total microbial biomass biomarkers, although clearly able to discriminate between disturbed and undisturbed ecosystems, indicated a trend towards the undisturbed condition with reclamation age. The ratio of FAME bacterial to fungal biomarkers reflected changes in other indicators of soil health (SOM, inorganic N concentration), suggesting that this ratio is a useful indicator of reclamation progress.
Sequential or combination therapy for multiple myeloma

In myeloma management, whether to offer sequential or combination therapies has largely remained elusive, partly for the reason that there are no conclusive studies evaluating this question and partly owing to the paradigm shift in myeloma outcomes over the last decade raising the same question again, but now in a different context with active agents such as immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors being available. Historically, in myeloma, combination cytotoxic chemotherapy compared with the standard-of-care melphalan and prednisone regimen resulted in similar response rates, raising the question of efficacy of the cytotoxic combination therapies with high toxicities and the preference for sequential therapies in order to lower the toxicity of the chosen treatment. However, with the use of more active novel agents with favorable toxicity profiles such as bortezomib, thalidomide and lenalidomide, re-evaluation of this question is necessary.
SpectralNET - an application for spectral graph analysis and visualization

Graph theory provides a computational framework for modeling a variety of datasets including those emerging from genomics, proteomics, and chemical genetics. Networks of genes, proteins, small molecules, or other objects of study can be represented as graphs of nodes (vertices) and interactions (edges) that can carry different weights. SpectralNET is a flexible application for analyzing and visualizing these biological and chemical networks. Available both as a standalone .NET executable and as an ASP.NET web application, SpectralNET was designed specifically with the analysis of graph-theoretic metrics in mind, a computational task not easily accessible using currently available applications. Users can choose either to upload a network for analysis using a variety of input formats, or to have SpectralNET generate an idealized random network for comparison to a real-world dataset. Whichever graph-generation method is used, SpectralNET displays detailed information about each connected component of the graph, including graphs of degree distribution, clustering coefficient by degree, and average distance by degree. In addition, extensive information about the selected vertex is shown, including degree, clustering coefficient, various distance metrics, and the corresponding components of the adjacency, Laplacian, and normalized Laplacian eigenvectors. SpectralNET also displays several graph visualizations, including a linear dimensionality reduction for uploaded datasets (Principal Components Analysis) and a non-linear dimensionality reduction that provides an elegant view of global graph structure (Laplacian eigenvectors). SpectralNET provides an easily accessible means of analyzing graph-theoretic metrics for data modeling and dimensionality reduction. SpectralNET is publicly available as both a .NET application and an ASP.NET web application from http://chembank.broad.harvard.edu/resources/ . Source code is available upon request.
Clinical evaluation of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and enamel matrix derivative versus enamel matrix derivative alone for the treatment of periodontal osseous defects in humans.

Background: A recent study suggests that the addition of enamel matrix derivative to demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft may enhance osseoinduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in combination with enamel matrix derivative (EMD + DFDBA) compared to enamel matrix derivative (EMD) alone in the treatment of human intrabony periodontal defects. Methods: Forty patients with a total of 67 sites (intrabony defect ≥3mm deep) were selected to participate in this single-masked, parallel design, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Each subject received either EMD alone (34 sites) or in combination with DFDBA (33 sites). Soft tissue measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession. Hard tissue measurements included defect depth, alveolar crestal resorption, and defect morphology. Following 6 months of healing, all soft tissue measurements were repeated. Forty-nine sites (EMD + DFDBA = 26 sites, E...
Legal Culture: A Re-Examination of the Adversarial Perspective:

Analysts of courtroom processes typically focus on the predictive power of legal and extra-legal determinants upon actual case outcomes. The present research, by looking at practitioner responses to hypothetical felony cases, focuses on adversariness and local legal culture as predictors of attitudes toward case disposition time and sentencing. First, we examine Church's (1982) findings regarding legal cultures with the inclusion of statistical conrols, absent in his analysis. Second, we examine four issues salient to practitioners: preferred pace of litigation, preferred sentence for guilty pleas, attitudes toward 'just deserts", and practitioner interpersonal relations. Using the Eisenstein and Jacob (1977) typology of workgroup goals, indicants of these issues are separated into two categories: expressive and instrumental. We find that instrumental aspects are most strongly predicted by courtoom identity, in support of local legal culture. On the other hand, expressive aspects are most affected by prac...
Access control in metropolitan area networks

It is proposed that access control be implemented to alleviate long-term overloading at the output buffer. Credit managers using the 'leaky bucket' algorithm are employed to filter traffic at each of the input buffers. Dynamic algorithms have been sought to coordinate the operation of these filters on the basis of information fed back periodically by the output buffer. They protected the throughputs of the low load inputs and at the same time allow high-load inputs to use any idle capacities available. The adaptive control algorithm developed provides equity in the sharing of network resources, as well as the utilization of idle network capacities. >
A rapid meshing technique for simulations of near- surface phenomena involving remote sensing technology Large-scale meshing for remote sensing simulations

A technique is presented for rapidly producing finite element meshes in support of large-scale remote sensing simulations. These unstructured tetrahedral meshes typically have more than one million elements and more than 250 thousand nodes, and allow for arbitrary placement of objects into the scene. They can be reproduced in less than 30 minutes on a Cray XT3 architecture. Open-source mesh generation packages are used in conjunction with a tetrahedra element smoothing operation to achieve the desired final meshes. The resulting generated meshes used by a suite of thermal models and corresponding meteorological inputs provide the spatial distribution of near-surface thermal exitance.
Views on methods for monitoring recombinant factor VIIa in inhibitor patients

The development of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has greatly augmented the range of treatment options available for hemophilia patients with inhibitors. However, there still remains a lack of consensus regarding several aspects of treatment with bypassing agents such as rFVIIa, prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), and activated PCC (aPCC). Such unresolved issues may be clarified by the identification of a suitable laboratory monitoring method with which to correlate clinical outcomes. This paper will review the need for an effective and informative monitoring strategy, and will discuss several candidate methods that have been employed for the measurement of hemostatic efficacy following therapy with bypassing agents. To date, however, no assay endpoint has been developed that can correlate accurately with clinical outcomes in a sufficiently large patient sample.
Soils: The Key to Successful Establishment of Urban Vegetation

It has been estimated that 80% of urban vegetation problems are attributable to the soil environment (Patterson et al. 1980). Foresters and horticulturists are faced with the question of how to improve woody plant growth under these circumstances. In many cases, the solution is to modify rooting environments. This requires gaining a basic understanding of soil properties, acknowledging the difficulties associated with urban soils, and conducting proper site assessments prior to planting.
Origins of Eukaryotic Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction is a nearly universal feature of eukaryotic organisms. Given its ubiquity and shared core features, sex is thought to have arisen once in the last common ancestor to all eukaryotes. Using the perspectives of molecular genetics and cell biology, we consider documented and hypothetical scenarios for the instantiation and evolution of meiosis, fertilization, sex determination, uniparental inheritance of organelle genomes, and speciation.
A rotation invariant pattern signature

We propose a "signature" for rotation-invariant representation of local image structure. The signature is a complex-valued vector constructed analytically from the projections of the image onto a set of oriented basis kernels. The components of the signature form an over-complete set of algebraic invariants, but are chosen to avoid instabilities associated with previously developed algebraic invariants. We demonstrate the use of this signature for representing and classifying junctions in grayscale imagery.
Itraconazole in the Treatment of Orbital Aspergillosis

Background: Sino-orbital aspergillosis is typically treated with surgical debridement and intravenous amphotericin B. Some authors have advocated intraorbital irrigation or injection of amphotericin B in specific cases. Methods: An immunocompetent patient with recurrent sino-orbital aspergillosis is presented. After failing two attempts at traditional therapeutic modalities, treatment with oral itraconazole was initiated. Results: The patient has had resolution of her sino-orbital disease without recurrence at 10 months of follow-up. Conclusion: In immunocompetent patients with orbital aspergillosis, itraconazole should be considered as a treatment option in patients who have recurrent or recalcitrant disease, or in those who cannot tolerate amphotericin B.
Law and Development 50 Years On

Law and development refers both to organized efforts to transform legal systems in developing countries to foster economic, political and social development and to the academic projects stimulated by these efforts. Begun in the mid-20th century, law and development's dominant ideas and projects have changed over time as theories of development and agency priorities have changed. Law and development efforts accelerated in the 1990s as international financial institutions began to emphasize the rule of law. As the 21st century dawned, ideas and projects of the 20th Century were assessed and critiqued and new themes have emerged.
Derivation of local software quality metrics (software quality circles)

Software is a product in serious need of quality control technology. Major effort notwithstanding, software engineering has produced few metrics for aspects of software quality that have the potential of being universally applicable. The present paper suggests that, although universal metrics are elusive, metrics that are applicable and useful in a fully defined setting are readily available. A theory is presented that a well-defined software work group can articulate their operational concept of quality and derive useful metrics for that concept and their environment.
On classification of signals represented with data-dependent overcomplete dictionaries

This paper focuses on the problem of how data representation influences the generalization error of kernel-based learning machines like support vector machines (SVMs). We analyse the effects of sparse and dense data representations on the generalization error of SVM. We show that using sparse representations the performances of classifiers belonging to hypothesis spaces induced by polynomial or Gaussian kernel functions reduce to the performances of linear classifiers. Sparse representations reduce the generalization error as long as the representation is not too sparse as with very large dictionaries. Dense data representations reduce the generalization error also using very large dictionaries. We use two schemes for representing data in data-independent overcomplete Haar and Gabor dictionaries, and measure the generalization error of SVMs on benchmark datasets. We study sparse and dense representations in the case of data-dependent overcomplete dictionaries and we show how this leads to principal compon...
Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Urokinase Receptor (uPAR/CD87) in Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Cells

Background/aim Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid positively linked with ovarian cancer progression. The multi-functional urokinase receptor (uPAR), a cell-surface glycoprotein, binds and facilitates activation of uPA and laterally regulates integrin and tyrosine kinase receptor activities in promotion of cell migration and invasion. We hypothesized that LPA stimulates uPAR expression and activity in ovarian epithelial cancer cells. Materials and methods Ovarian epithelial cancer cell lines OVCA 429 and OVCA 433 were stimulated with LPA and examined for uPAR mRNA expression and protein localization. uPA binding to OVCA plasma membranes was measured through enzymatic analysis of affinity-isolated cell-surface proteins. Results LPA drove cell-surface uPAR aggregation and mRNA expression concomitant with increased cell-surface binding of uPA. Both control and LPA-stimulated uPAR expression and uPA cell-surface association involved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not p38 or p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, signaling. Conclusion These data provide mechanistic insight into ovarian epithelial cancer cell progression by demonstrating that LPA drives uPAR expression and uPA binding.
JOURNAL CLUB: Radiology Report Addenda: A Self-Report Approach to Error Identification, Quantification, and Classification

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to analyze report addenda to assess the self-reported error rate in radiologic study interpretation, the types of errors that occur, and the distribution of...