cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Several Commonly Used Orchard Pesticides to Adult Hippodamia convergens

The toxicity of ½ and full recommended orchard dosages of 8 pesticides to Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville was assessed in the laboratory and the field. Endosulfan and binapacryl and the low dosage of oxythioquinox allowed 50% or greater survival of nondiapausing adults when sprayed directly upon the beetles in the laboratory. The higher dosage of oxythioquinox and both dosages of DDT allowed only 21–29% survival at 72 hours. Diazinon, carbaryl, parathion, and azinphosmethyl were highly toxic, allowing no survival after 6 hr. Essentially 100% mortality of nondiapausing adults resulted after 48-hr exposure in the laboratory to the residues of all 8 pesticides. In orchard tests, the low dosages of endosulfan, binapacryl, oxythioquinox, and DDT allowed 64% or greater survival of adults after 7 days' exposure to residues on peach foliage. Both the high and low dosages of diazinon and carbaryl were highly toxic through 7 days'. exposure but some beetles survived after exposure to 8- to 14-day-old residues. Residues of azinphosmethyl and parathion were highly toxic with no adults surviving after 7 or 14 days. Log dosage-probit curves for topical application of these pesticides with diapausing adults show a wide range of response, With LD50 values from 0.005μg per beetle With azinphosmethyl to 5.5μg per beetle with binapacryl. The order of toxicity was azinphosmethyl>parathion>carbaryl>diazinon>DDT>endosulfan>binapacryl.
A Time-to-Go Control Law for Spacing Vehicles to a Point

This paper presents an approach to spacing vehicles in time to an endpoint, where the objective is to achieve a desired time between consecutive vehicles reaching the endpoint. The control methodology is motivated by a future aircraft-spacing concept called Interval Management that is currently being developed by the Federal Aviation Administration. The control parameter is the time-to-go, which is the time to reach the endpoint from a vehicle’s current position along a reference trajectory. A control law is developed to drive the time-to-go of the ith vehicle to a desired value relative to the time-to-go of its preceding vehicle. Analysis shows that the time-to-go control law yields a weakly-stringstable system assuming a constant-velocity reference trajectory. Simulation results are used to demonstrate feasibility of the control approach, as well as to show good string behavior, meaning that errors in the inter-vehicle spacing and control input magnitudes do not grow along a string of vehicles. Considerations for implementing the time-to-go control law for the Interval Management application are discussed.
Diagnosis and staging of female genital tract melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Melanoma of the vulva is the second most common type of malignancy afflicting that organ. This disease caries poor prognosis, and shows tendencies to recur locally and develop distant metastases through hematogenous dissemination. Further, there exists significant clinical overlap between early-stage melanomas and melanotic macules, benign lesions that are believed to develop in about 10% of the general female population. In this work we apply a novel nonlinear optical method, pump-probe microscopy, to quantitatively analyze female genitalia tract melanocytic lesions. Pump-probe microscopy provides chemical information of endogenous pigments by probing their electronic excited state dynamics, with subcellular resolution. Using unstained biopsy sections from 31 patients, we find significant differences between melanin type and structure in tissue regions with invasive melanoma, melanoma in-situ and non-malignant melanocytic proliferations (e.g., nevi, melanocytic macules). The molecular images of non-malignant lesion have a well-organized structure, with relatively homogenous pigment chemistry, most often consistent with that of eumelanin with large aggregate size or void of metals, such as iron. On the other hand, pigment type and structure observed in melanomas in-situ and invasive melanomas is typically much more heterogeneous, with larger contributions from pheomelanin, melanins with larger metal content, and/or melanins with smaller aggregate size. Of most significance, clear differences can be observed between melanocytic macules and vulvar melanoma in-situ, which, as discussed above, can be difficult to clinically distinguish. This initial study demonstrates pump-probe microscopy’s potential as an adjuvant diagnostic tool by revealing systematic chemical and morphological differences in melanin pigmentation among invasive melanoma, melanoma in-situ and non-malignant melanocytic lesions.
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel: binding sites and channel densities

The amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel found in many transporting epithelia plays a key role in regulating salt and water homeostasis. Both biochemical and biophysical approaches have been used to identify, characterize, and quantitate this important channel. Among biophysical methods, there is agreement as to the single-channel conductance and gating kinetics of the highly selective Na+ channel found in native epithelia. Amiloride and its analogs inhibit transport through the channel by binding to high-affinity ligand-binding sites. This characteristic of high-affinity binding has been used biochemically to quantitate channel densities and to isolate presumptive channel proteins. Although the goals of biophysical and biochemical experiments are the same in elucidating mechanisms underlying regulation of Na+ transport, our review highlights a major quantitative discrepancy between methods in estimation of channel densities involved in transport. Because the density of binding sites measured biochemically is three to four orders of magnitude in excess of channel densities measured biophysically, it is unlikely that high-affinity ligand binding can be used physiologically to quantitate channel densities and characterize the channel proteins.
Equilibrium turbulent flow in a slightly divergent channel

Hot-wire measurements have been made of some mean flow and turbulence properties of fully-developed, plane diffuser flow at a divergence half-angle of 1°. Comparison with parallel wall channel flow at the same Reynolds number shows large increases in turbulent energy level and average shear level, some reduction in skin friction and in mean velocity ratio near the walls.
Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of Behavioral Disorders

In order to accurately describe and diagnose psychiatric illness, practitioners require in-depth knowledge of the signs and symptoms of behavioral disorders. Descriptive Psychopathology provides a broad review of the psychopathology of psychiatric illness, beyond the limitations of the DSM and ICD criteria. Beginning with a discussion of the background to psychiatric classification, the authors explore the problems and limitations of current diagnostic systems. The following chapters then present the principles of psychiatric examination and diagnosis, described with accompanying patient vignettes and summary tables, and related to different diagnostic concerns. A thought-provoking conclusion proposes a restructuring of psychiatric classification based on the psychopathology literature and its validating data. Written for psychiatry and neurology residents, clinical psychologists, behavioral neurologists, clinical psychology students and psychiatric nurse practitioners, it is invaluable to anyone who accepts the responsibility for the care of patients with behavioral syndromes.
Hemoglobin Casper G8 β106 Leu→ Pro: Further Evidence that Hemoglobin Mutations are Not Random

During the past 10 years unstable hemoglobins have been detected and characterized with increasing frequency (Carrel 1 and Lehmann, 1969; Huehns, 1970). This accelerated recognition has resulted in part from greater awareness that hemolytic anemias may result from unstable hemoglobins. In addition, the development and application of relatively simple laboratory tests that will detect chemically unstable hemoglobins such as the Heinz body generation test (Beutler et al, 1955) and the heat denaturation procedure of Grimes and Meisler (1962) have provided rapid methods for confirming the diagnosis. A review of more than 30 different unstable hemoglobins reported to date reveals correlations between clinical severity and chemical alterations (Koler et al, 1972). It would appear that clinical awareness and ease of laboratory diagnos is have reached a point where most unstable hemoglobins which cause severe postnatal hemolytic disease may be detected. With high like lihood of ascertainment and with information about structural changes, insight into mutational events and their impact on protein structure and function can be gained.
Oxidative Fragmentations and Skeletal Rearrangements of Oxindole Derivatives

An oxidative sequence for the conversion of oxindoles to structurally distinct heterocyclic scaffolds and aniline derivatives is disclosed by the combination of a copper-catalyzed C–H peroxidation and subsequent base-mediated fragmentation reaction. In contrast to classic enzymatic (i.e., kynurenine pathway) and biomimetic methods (i.e., Witkop–Winterfeldt oxidation) for oxidative indole cleavage, this protocol allows for the incorporation of external nucleophiles. The new transformation displays broad functional group tolerance and is applicable to tryptophan derivatives, opening potential new avenues for postsynthetic modification of polypeptides, bioconjugation, and unnatural amino acid synthesis.
Cardio-oncology Related to Heart Failure: Common Risk Factors Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests cancer and cardiovascular disease have a shared biological mechanism. Although there are several shared risk factors for both diseases, including advancing age, gender, obesity, diabetes, physical activity, tobacco use, and diet, inflammation and biomarkers, such as insulinlike growth factor 1, leptin, estrogen, and adiponectin, may also play a role in the biology of these diseases. This article provides an overview of the shared biological mechanism between cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Improvement of transport-corrected scattering stability and performance using a Jacobi inscatter algorithm for 2D-MOC

Abstract The MPACT code, being developed collaboratively by the University of Michigan and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is the primary deterministic neutron transport solver being deployed within the Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications (VERA) as part of the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL). In many applications of the MPACT code, transport-corrected scattering has proven to be an obstacle in terms of stability, and considerable effort has been made to try to resolve the convergence issues that arise from it. Most of the convergence problems seem related to the transport-corrected cross sections, particularly when used in the 2D method of characteristics (MOC) solver, which is the focus of this work. In this paper, the stability and performance of the 2-D MOC solver in MPACT is evaluated for two iteration schemes: Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi. With the Gauss-Seidel approach, as the MOC solver loops over groups, it uses the flux solution from the previous group to construct the inscatter source for the next group. Alternatively, the Jacobi approach uses only the fluxes from the previous outer iteration to determine the inscatter source for each group. Consequently for the Jacobi iteration, the loop over groups can be moved from the outermost loop—as is the case with the Gauss-Seidel sweeper—to the innermost loop, allowing for a substantial increase in efficiency by minimizing the overhead of retrieving segment, region, and surface index information from the ray tracing data. Several test problems are assessed: (1) Babcock & Wilcox 1810 Core I, (2) Dimple S01A-Sq, (3) VERA Progression Problem 5a, and (4) VERA Problem 2a. The Jacobi iteration exhibits better stability than Gauss-Seidel, allowing for converged solutions to be obtained over a much wider range of iteration control parameters. Additionally, the MOC solve time with the Jacobi approach is roughly 2.0–2.5× faster per sweep. While the performance and stability of the Jacobi iteration are substantially improved compared to the Gauss-Seidel iteration, it does yield a roughly 8–10% increase in the overall memory requirement.
Drugs and early modernity

For centuries, medicinal and recreational drugs have evoked both utopian visions and darker themes: slavish obsession, physical dependency, altered mental states, and the feedback loop of labor and consumption. This article surveys recent work on the history of drugs from the 15th through 19th centuries, arguing that these works collectively demonstrate the importance of drugs and the drug trade in how we think about larger topics such as imperialism, globalization, modernization of commercial and political regimes, and the relationship between the individual and the marketplace. The search for new drugs—and, with them, new varieties of mental and physical experience—was not just a preoccupation of many early modern individuals. It was, arguably, a defining feature of early modernity itself.
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH PROSTHETIC VALVE DEHISCENCE AND EMBOLIZATION: A RARE OCCURRENCE

Due to increased morbidity and mortality, prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (IE) with dehiscence requires urgent intervention. Early identification may prevent embolization. A 27-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug abuse and tricuspid valve (TV) replacement was admitted after
Appendix: Algebraic Prerequisites

This appendix recalls the basic algebraic structures that are needed in the study of linear algebra, with special emphasis on permutations and polynomials.
Developmental Lead Exposure and Two-Way Active Avoidance Training Alter the Distribution of Protein Kinase C Activity in the Rat Hippocampus

Long-term exposure to a low level of lead is associated with learning deficits. Several types of learning have been correlated to hippocampal protein kinase C (PKC) activation. This study was designed to determine if there is a correlation between the effects of lead on hippocampal PKC activation and those on learning performance. Rats were exposed to 0.2% (w/v) lead acetate at different developmental stages including a maternally exposed group, a postweaning exposed group, and a continuously exposed group. The continuously lead exposed rats tended to avoid less frequently and not respond more frequently in two-way active avoidance training than did controls. This training process was associated with translocation of hippocampal PKC activity from cytosol to membrane. Two-way analysis of variance of data indicates that there is a significant training and lead treatment interaction in the ratio of membrane to cytosolic PKC activity (F3,32 = 3.013; p = 0.044). The interaction is attributable to the absence of the training-induced PKC translocation in the continuously lead exposed rats. In addition, no significant changes were observed in learning performance and training-induced hippocampal PKC activation after maternal and postweaning lead exposure. Continuous and longer duration of lead exposure appears to affect the learning performance and hippocampal PKC activation. These data suggest that a change in the activation of hippocampal PKC may be involved in the lead-induced deficit in learning.
Seasonal dynamics of DNA and RNA viral bioaerosol communities in a daycare center.

Viruses play an important role in ecosystems, including the built environment (BE). While numerous studies have characterized bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the BE, few have focused on the viral microbiome (virome). Longitudinal microbiome studies provide insight into the stability and dynamics of microbial communities; however, few such studies exist for the microbiome of the BE, and most have focused on bacteria. Here, we present a longitudinal, metagenomic-based analysis of the airborne DNA and RNA virome of a children’s daycare center. Specifically, we investigate how the airborne virome varies as a function of season and human occupancy, and we identify possible sources of the viruses and their hosts, mainly humans, animals, plants, and insects. Season strongly influenced the airborne viral community composition, and a single sample collected when the daycare center was unoccupied suggested that occupancy also influenced the community. The pattern of influence differed between DNA and RNA viromes. Human-associated viruses were much more diverse and dominant in the winter, while the summertime virome contained a high relative proportion and diversity of plant-associated viruses. This airborne microbiome in this building exhibited seasonality in its viral community but not its bacterial community. Human occupancy influenced both types of communities. By adding new data about the viral microbiome to complement burgeoning information about the bacterial and fungal microbiomes, this study contributes to a more complete understanding of the airborne microbiome.
Predatory Publishing and the Response from the Scholarly Community

Predatory journals are multiplying rapidly, but awareness is increasing in the scholarly community. Publishers, open access advocates, and researchers are exploring new ways to fight back. This col...
Quantum Optic and Transient Effects of Excitonic Polaritons, and Properties of Phonoritons

The following topics are briefly reviewed: Demonstration that polaritons are intrinsically squeezed, and methods to detect the squeezing: a) use of the crystal-vacuum surface for homodyne processes, and b) two scattering experiments. The Phonoriton — a generalization of the exciton polariton and two non-linear methods to detect it: a) Non-Linear Resonance Scattering and b) Non-Linear Reflectivity; an examination of possible polariton-soliton formation and conclusion that previous treatments omitted a highly singular term, making formation highly unlikely if not impossible.
Mylotarg: Revisiting Its Clinical Potential Post-Withdrawal

Mylotarg® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO)) was the first antibody–drug conjugate approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) via the accelerated approval process in 2000. Mylotarg® consists of an antibody directed toward the CD33 antigen conjugated to the antitumor antibiotic, calicheamicin. Mainly due to concerns about the safety profile and lack of improvement of clinical benefit in post-approval clinical trials, the drug was voluntarily withdrawn by the market by Pfizer in June 2010. Since its withdrawal from the market, results from several clinical trials warrant revisiting the clinical use of the drug when used at a low-dose range in newly diagnosed AML with favorable cytogenetics.
Systematic Injection of Low-Dose LPS Transiently Improves the Retina Function and Structure of a Mouse Model of Geographic Atrophy

Geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of AMD, has been linked to oxidative stress within the RPE and with low-grade inflammation. The RPE-specific Sod2 knockout mouse model of GA develops increase oxidative stress and slow retinal degeneration. Mice of the SOD2floxed::VMD2Cre+ genotype were injected subcutaneously with either saline or 3 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 8 weeks of age. Mice were evaluated by electroretinography (ERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Inflammatory cells within the retina were studied by CD45 immunofluorescence. Systemic low-dose LPS transiently, but significantly, improved both function and structure of RPE-specific Sod2 KO mice retina when compared to saline-injected mice. There was no difference in CD45 positive cells between saline and LPS treatment. Low-grade activation of the immune system leads to a preconditioning effect that transiently protects the retina of a mouse model of geographic atrophy.
Because Property Became Contract: Understanding the American Nonprobate Revolution

In modern American practice the state-operated court system for transferring wealth on death, called probate, is being displaced. The wealth-transfer process has been increasingly privatized, conducted now mostly in the back offices of financial institutions rather than in the probate courts. Driving this privatization of wealth transfer has been a profound change in the nature of personal wealth, away from land and tangibles into contract claims against financial intermediaries such as banks, securities issuers, mutual funds, brokerage houses, insurers, and pension funds. Financially intermediated wealth has the distinctive attribute that it arises from the administrative processes of these institutions, work that entails recurrent transactions and communications. Once a staff is in operation to perform such tasks, extending its role to include the transfer of account balances on death has been easy. The account owner shunts the asset away from probate by completing a beneficiary designation form directing the institution to distribute the account asset in designated shares to designated persons. The emergence of this free-market transfer system has disrupted the application of a variety of the default features of the probate process, most ominously, the creditor protection function.
Invasive Phaeohyphomycosis in Immunocompetent Hosts

Phaeohyphomycosis, or invasive disease caused by melanized fungi is an uncommon infection in humans, usually in immunocompromised patients. Large case reviews reveal infections in patients without typical risk factors. We examine the data regarding these infections in immunocompetent patients. Caspase-associated recruitment domain-9 (CARD-9) mutations have been proposed as a risk factor that would predispose previously healthy individuals to develop invasive fungal disease. Several specific CARD-9 mutations have been identified with the highest burden of infection in individuals with the homozygous state. The exact mechanism by which these mutations play a role in phaeohyphomycosis is still not fully understood and will likely be an area of further investigation. CARD-9 mutations and/or deficiency in humans is associated with invasive and disseminated infections due to melanized fungi. Further studies to examine the implications for prevention and management of these infections are needed.
Increases in loneliness during medical school are associated with increases in individuals' likelihood of mislabeling emotions as negative.

Expressions of emotion represent an important and unique source of information about the states of others. Being able to effectively understand expressions of emotions to make inferences about others' internal mental states and use these inferences to guide decision-making and behavior is critical to navigating social relationships. Loneliness, the perception that one lacks social connection, has important functional consequences for how individuals attend to signals of emotions in others. However, it is less clear whether loneliness changes how individuals recognize emotions in others. In medical practitioners, being able to accurately recognize emotional cues from patients is critical to effectively diagnosing and reacting with care to those patients. The current study examines the relationship between changes in loneliness during medical school and students' recognition of emotion in others. Measures of loneliness and emotion recognition were collected from 122 medical students during their first 3 years of medical school at the beginning and end of each academic year. Changes in loneliness were related to changes in emotion detection, with increases in loneliness being associated with decreases in the probability of accurately discriminating sad and angry faces from other expressions, decreases in the probability of mislabeling emotion expressions as happy, and increases in the probability of mislabeling other emotional expressions as pained and angry. This study suggests that changes in loneliness during medical school are associated with increases in students' labeling emotional expressions as negative, possibly by shifting attention to cues of negative emotion and away from cues of positive emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Analysis of the Distributed Bifilar Isolation Transformer and Current Balun

Bifilar windings have been employed in isolation transformers in order to minimize the leakage inductance and hence improve frequency and time response. A numerical analysis of the bifilar isolation transformer viewed as a 3-port balun based on odd/even mode transmission line analysis is given. The numerical predictions for the 3-port admittance parameters show that the device functions as a true current balun in the low frequency limit, but that the performance degrades as the electrical length of the bifilar winding approaches one-quarter wavelength for the odd mode. The model also shows that for an isolated, 2-terminal, load a complete null in the response occurs when the electrical length of the bifilar windings is one-half wavelength for the odd mode. A prototype bifilar isolation transformer was fabricated and characterized. The measured data is in agreement with the numerical predictions thus supporting the statements concerning performance. It is further shown that a previously proposed, 2-stage current balun consisting of a bifilar isolation transformer followed by a bifilar, common-mode choke provides superior current balance over a broad bandwidth, but is still limited to operation below the odd-mode half-wave frequency of the bifilar winding of the isolation stage.
Association of maternal fertility status and receipt of fertility treatment with healthcare utilization in infants up to age four.

This study evaluates differences in child healthcare utilization by maternal fertility status in the first four years of life. The retrospective cohort evaluated Massachusetts (MA) live born infants using data linked from clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART) data, birth certificates, and hospital discharge records. Hospital records of infants born 2004–2017 to mothers of fertile (no infertility treatments or indicators of infertility), unassisted subfertile (UF, indicators of infertility but no fertility treatment), medically assisted reproduction (MAR, non-ART assistance with reproduction) and ART treatment were studied. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) was calculated using multivariable log binomial regression models. We included 339,426 singleton live-born infants discharged from birth hospitalization. Compared to children born to fertile mothers, those born to UF, MAR and ART-treated mothers were more likely to have hospital-based care (aRR 1.06–1.21) in their first 4 years. Maternal subfertility with and without treatment was associated with small increases in child healthcare utilization.
Characterization of Triphenylamine and Ferrocenyl Donor-π-Donor Vinyl BODIPY Derivatives as Photoacoustic Contrast Agents†.

The photophysical and electrochemical properties for a series of BODIPY dyes with incremental 3- and 3,5-vinyl conjugation, as well as incremental electron-donating groups (anisole < triphenylamine < ferrocenyl), are presented. Insight into the influence of each vinyl-conjugated electron-donating group on both vis-NIR absorption and fluorescence emission properties is provided. These trends are further corroborated by density functional theory computational analysis. Two of this series containing the 3,5-bis(vinyltriphenylamine) and 3,5-bis(vinylferrocenyl) substituents exhibit significant absorption cross sections in the biological transparency window justifying further investigation of their photoacoustic emission properties via both optical photoacoustic z-scan and photoacoustic tomography experiments. Both the 3,5-bis(vinyltriphenylamine) and 3,5-bis(vinylferrocenyl) substituted BODIPY dyes exhibit quantitative photoacoustic quantum yields. Relative to the commercially available methylene blue and indocyanine green molecular photoacoustic contrast agents, the 3,5-bis(vinyltriphenylamine)-derived BODIPY exhibits the greatest photoacoustic emission and contrast upon excited-state absorption at 685 nm excitation at a low power laser fluence (<20 mJ cm-2 ).
A self-assembling, biporous, metal-binding covalent organic framework and its application for gas separation

We report a unique synthesis of a nanoporous two-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) from a single self-assembling monomer. The novel 2D-COF (DPCOF) contains two chemically distinct nanopores, one that can coordinate transition metals and a second more unreactive pore that is approximately the size of small gas molecules. We then demonstrate the synthetic flexibility of the material by coordination of various transition metals into the framework and finally its application as a membrane for degasification and gas separation. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations were used to inform the computational construction of material models, allowing for the interpretation of pXRD data to elucidate the crystallographic structure of the novel materials, including the revelation that disordered monomer vacancies are likely present in the material.
The Impact of COVID-19-Prompted Virtual/Remote Work Environments on Employees’ Career Development: Social Learning Theory, Belongingness, and Self-Empowerment

The ProblemThe COVID-19 pandemic caused many workers to move from brick and mortar buildings to virtual/remote environments. This created situations in which workers were forced to not only work vi...
Coupling and Decoupling of Reproduction and Larval Recruitment

Stock-recruitment relationships for managing commercial fisheries are difficult to measure and notoriously poor, so marine ecologists have relied on larval recruitment as a proxy for how planktonic processes regulate populations and communities. However, my literature review revealed that coupling between reproductive output and recruitment in benthic populations was common, occurring in 62% of 112 studies and 64% of 81 species. Coupling was considerably stronger for studies on brooders (72%) than broadcast-spawners (46%) and taxa with short (74%) than long (56%) planktonic larval durations (PLDs); hence, it was highest for brooders with short PLDs (94%). Coupling was similar in studies on benthic animals (63%) and seagrasses and kelp (56%). Coupling was detected more often by quantifying both reproductive output and settlement (79%) than adult density and recruitment (60%). It also was detected in 83% of just 21% of studies that estimated dispersal. Coupling was even detected by 55% of the 46% of studies conducted at just one site and 58% of the 65% of studies lasting no longer than 3 years. Decoupling was detected 33 times in invertebrates and fishes, occurring more often in the plankton (48.5%) and during reproduction (45.5%) than after settlement (6%), and nine times in seagrasses and kelp, occurring more often during reproduction (44.4%) than postsettlement (33.3%) or in the plankton (22.2%). Widespread coupling between reproductive output and settlement for sedentary, benthic species suggests that the poor stock-recruitment relationships typical of vagile, wide-ranging, pelagic species may be due more to the difficulty of detecting them than decoupling.
Global Environmental Constitutionalism in the Anthropocene by Louis J. Kotzé

The evolution of the human species has made a mess of things. We hunt, burn, eat, kill, cut, capture, fight, control, and reproduce as if there were no tomorrow, an idiom now laced with irony. To make an extremely complex scientific debate simple and sobering, there is evidence that modern human activity is currently causing a geologically great mass extinction, known as the “Anthropocene.” And then within roughly the same period of time of profound environmental carelessness, humans have achieved the astonishing invention specifying which laws matter most, known as “constitutionalism.” Louis Kotze’s searching and important Global Environmental Constitutionalism In The Anthropocene fits these disparate dimensions together. It offers a glimmer of global hope for a multi-faceted legal response to the Anthropocene based in the notion that collective concepts in national, regional and global environmental constitutionalism can help achieve better environmental outcomes.
Comparison of cgmanalysis, a free, open-source continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data management and analysis software to commercially available CGM platforms: Data standardization for diabetes technology research.

Background: Cgmanalysis is open-source software based on the R programming language for data management and descriptive analysis of data from continuous glucose monitors (CGM). We sought to validat...
MO-FG-BRD-00: Real-Time Imaging and Tracking Techniques for Intrafractional Motion Management

Intrafraction target motion is a prominent complicating factor in the accurate targeting of radiation within the body. Methods compensating for target motion during treatment, such as gating and dynamic tumor tracking, depend on the delineation of target location as a function of time during delivery. A variety of techniques for target localization have been explored and are under active development; these include beam-level imaging of radio-opaque fiducials, fiducial-less tracking of anatomical landmarks, tracking of electromagnetic transponders, optical imaging of correlated surrogates, and volumetric imaging within treatment delivery. The Joint Imaging and Therapy Symposium will provide an overview of the techniques for real-time imaging and tracking, with special focus on emerging modes of implementation across different modalities. In particular, the symposium will explore developments in 1) Beam-level kilovoltage X-ray imaging techniques, 2) EPID-based megavoltage X-ray tracking, 3) Dynamic tracking using electromagnetic transponders, and 4) MRI-based soft-tissue tracking during radiation delivery. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the fundamentals of real-time imaging and tracking techniques 2. Learn about emerging techniques in the field of real-time tracking 3. Distinguish between the advantages and disadvantages of different tracking modalities 4. Understand the role of real-time tracking techniques within the clinical delivery work-flow
ULF Waves and Auroral Electrons

The availability of high time resolution field and particle measurements from spacecraft has allowed a clear association between ULF waves and field-aligned electron acceleration on auroral field-lines to be established. We review the basic physics responsible for electron acceleration in Alfven waves and demonstrate using observations from the FAST and Polar satellites how these observations are consistent with a two-fluid description of small-transverse scale dispersive shear Alfven waves and the dissipation of these waves through electron acceleration. It is shown that these waves efficiently accelerate large fluxes of field-aligned electrons into the auroral oval and it is demonstrated from multi-point measurements that a continual energy supply along high latitude field-lines to Alfven waves on dispersive scales is required to account for observations.
Glycogen Metabolism in Chlamydia-Infected HeLa-Cells

A difference in glycogen metabolism between two strains of Chlamydia agents was observed which can serve as a taxonomic marker to distinguish C. psittaci from C. trachomatis.
NAD+ depletion or PAR polymer formation: which plays the role of executioner in ischaemic cell death?

Multiple cell death pathways are activated in cerebral ischemia. Much of the initial injury, especially in the core of the infarct where cerebral blood flow is severely reduced, is necrotic and secondary to severe energy failure. However there is considerable evidence that delayed cell death continues for several days, primarily in the penumbral region. As reperfusion therapies grow in number and effectiveness, restoration of blood flow early after injury may lead to a shift towards apoptosis. It is important to elucidate what are the key mediators of apoptotic cell death after stroke, as inhibition of apoptosis may have therapeutic implications. There are two well described pathways that lead to apoptotic cell death; the caspase pathway and the more recently described caspase-independent pathway triggered by Poly-ADP Ribose Polymers (PARP) activation. Caspase-induced cell death is initiated by release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, formation of the cytosolic apoptosome, and activation of endonucleases leading to a multitude of small randomly cleaved DNA fragments. In contrast caspase-independent cell death is secondary to activation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Mitochondrial AIF translocates to the nucleus, where it induces peripheral chromatin condensation, as well as characteristic high-molecular-weight (50 kbp) DNA fragmentation. Although caspase independent cell death has been recognized for some time and is known to contribute to ischemic injury, the upstream triggering events leading to activation of this pathway remain unclear. The two major theories are that ischemia leads to NAD+ depletion and subsequent energy failure, or alternatively that cell death is directly triggered by a pro-apoptotic factor produced by activation of the DNA repair enzyme PARP. PARP activation is robust in the ischemic brain producing variable lengths of PAR polymers as byproducts of PARP activation. PAR polymers may be directly toxic by triggering mitochondrial AIF release independently of NAD+ depletion. Recently, sex differences have been discovered that illustrate the importance of understanding these molecular pathways, especially as new therapeutics targeting apoptotic cell death are developed. Cell death in females proceeds primarily via caspase activation whereas caspase-independent mechanisms triggered by the activation of Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) predominate in the male brain. This review summarizes the current literature in an attempt to clarify the roles of NAD+ and PAR polymers in caspase-independent cell death, and discuss sex specific cell death to provide an example of the possible importance of these downstream mediators.
Surface and polymer network stabilized reflective cholesteric liquid crystal displays

We report on the optical reflective properties of the planar texture of cholesteric liquid crystal displays. The cholesteric liquid crystal is made bistable by either dispersing a low concentration of polymer or by treating the cell substrate surfaces. We determine the role that the polymer network and surface treatment has on the reflective properties as a funciton of viewing angle using both collimated and diffuse illumination. Both the polymer network and surface treatment have the effect of distributing the orientation of the cholesteric helix axes about the cell normal. Theoretically we characterize these cells by this distribution.
Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with the Rorschach Projective Technique

The literature on the theory and clinical implications of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has grown enormously over the past 10 years, yet clearly in striking contrast to the relative paucity of literature regarding psychometric assessment. There are few psychological instruments in use which have adequate norms for the evaluation of PTSD, particularly for nonmilitary traumatic events. Currently, there is much evidence that many kinds of “civilian” disasters (e.g., rape, violent assault, natural disasters, hostage situations, etc.) can produce a stress response (Green, Lindy, & Grace, 1985; Horowitz, 1976, 1985; Krystal & Niederland, 1968; Sales, Baum, & Shore, 1984).
Turning segways into robust human-scale dynamically balanced soccer robots

The Segway Human Transport (HT) is a one person dynamically self-balancing transportation vehicle. The Segway Robot Mobility Platform (RMP) is a modification of the HT capable of being commanded by a computer for autonomous operation. With these platforms, we propose a new domain for human-robot coordination through a competitive game: Segway Soccer. The players include robots (RMPs) and humans (riding HTs). The rules of the game are a combination of soccer and Ultimate Frisbee rules. In this paper, we provide three contributions. First, we describe our proposed Segway Soccer domain. Second, we examine the capabilities and limitations of the Segway and the mechanical systems necessary to create a robot Segway Soccer Player. Third, we provide a detailed analysis of several ball manipulation/kicking systems and the implementation results of the CM-RMP pneumatic ball manipulation system.
A Critical Review of Assessment Targets and Methods for Social Skills Excesses and Deficits for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Abstract A substantial research literature is beginning to develop regarding social skills excesses and deficits for children with autism spectrum disorders. These developments are likely to continue given the increasing recognition that these behaviors are among the most critical core symptoms of these disorders. A review is provided of developments in the field with respect to the social excesses and deficits that are most critical for this population of children. A discussion of direct observation and scaling methods used to do these evaluations along with a discussion of strengths and weaknesses of these methods is provided. A discussion of the current status and potential future developments of the area is also covered.
The density and porosity of meteorites from the Vatican collection

Abstract— We have developed a nondestructive technique to measure the densities and porosities of large (50 g to several kilogram) meteorite samples and have begun a systematic measurement program starting with meteorites from the Vatican Observatory collection. Our technique utilizes a modified Archimedean method (40 μm glass spheres substituting for the fluid) to determine bulk density, and an unusually large He pycnometer to determine grain density. From these, the porosity is calculated. We report here our first results for 89 samples (nearly doubling the published database on porosities of meteorite hand samples), including porosities of 35 different meteorites. These include several types not previously reported: eight iron meteorites, six stony-iron meteorites, an enstatite chondrite, the CI carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil, and the shergottite-nakhlatite-chassignite (SNC) meteorite Nakhla.
SPECHT — Single-stage phosphopeptide enrichment and stable-isotope chemical tagging: Quantitative phosphoproteomics of insulin action in muscle

The study of cellular signaling remains a significant challenge for translational and clinical research. In particular, robust and accurate methods for quantitative phosphoproteomics in tissues and tumors represent significant hurdles for such efforts. In the present work, we design, implement and validate a method for single-stage phosphopeptide enrichment and stable isotope chemical tagging, or SPECHT, that enables the use of iTRAQ, TMT and/or reductive dimethyl-labeling strategies to be applied to phosphoproteomics experiments performed on primary tissue. We develop and validate our approach using reductive dimethyl-labeling and HeLa cells in culture, and find these results indistinguishable from data generated from more traditional SILAC-labeled HeLa cells mixed at the cell level. We apply the SPECHT approach to the quantitative analysis of insulin signaling in a murine myotube cell line and muscle tissue, identify known as well as new phosphorylation events, and validate these phosphorylation sites using phospho-specific antibodies. Taken together, our work validates chemical tagging post-single-stage phosphoenrichment as a general strategy for studying cellular signaling in primary tissues.
Managing and Addressing Fitness for Service of Vintage Pipelines

Recent pipeline accidents in the United States have highlighted concerns with older vintage natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines. The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is performing a comprehensive review to determine the fitness for service of vintage pipelines, and if the risks associated with vintage pipelines can be better managed by changes to US pipeline safety standards and regulations. Concerns with vintage pipelines include weld seam manufacturing issues, such as low frequency electric resistance welding (LF-ERW) and submerged arc welding (SAW), cast iron pipe, plastic pipe and certain coatings. This paper presents findings from vintage pipeline failure investigations, recent PHMSA actions, and some approaches to address key vintage pipe concerns. These approaches include knowledge assurance (adequacy and quality of historical data), methods to systematically obtain missing data, and processes and criteria for determining fitness-for-service, including assessment, remediation, and replacement programs.
An Abstract Interpretation of the Wavelet Dimension Function Using Group Representations

Abstract Methods from abstract harmonic analysis are used to derive a new formulation of the wavelet dimension function and its natural generalizations to higher dimensions. By means of this abstract description, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for a multiwavelet in N dimensions, relative to an arbitrary expansive integral matrix A , to be a multiwavelet that arises from a multiresolution analysis (MRA), i.e., is an MRA wavelet. Even in the classical case, it is shown that this abstract approach gives new results.
Observations on reproduction, hormones, copulatory behavior, and neonatal mortality in captive Lemur mongoz (Mongoose lemur)

This study examines correlates of reproduction in Lemur mongoz, an endangered prosimian primate with a history of poor captive reproduction. Male testicular growth and regression were quantified via testicular indices (TI). Although TIs could be used to predict male breeding condition, they were not indicators of ability to sire offspring. Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations, along with vaginal cytology, were used to monitor female reproductive cyclicity. E2 and P profiles showed no abnormalities. An elevation of E2 with low P, approximately one estrous cycle length (31.4 days) prior to the onset of fertile cycles, was consistent with the phenomenon of ‘pseudoestrus’ observed in other lemur species. The copulatory pattern, consisting of thrusting, multiple intromissions, single or multiple ejaculations, and no copulatory lock, was more complex than expected for an animal with a supposedly monogamous mating system. The preference for natural arboreal substrata during copulation suggests that enclosure furnishings may influence copulatory behavior. A 30% neonatal mortality rate tempered recent success in breeding L. mongoz at the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC). Although infant sex and parity of the mother were not predictive of neonatal mortality, mother's natal status was, with captive-born females having a 67% infant mortality rate, compared with 15% in wild-caught females. Based on these observations, a number of factors, including housing, behavior, and photoperiod, may be relevant to successful captive propagation of L. mongoz. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gender, neuroticism and speed-accuracy tradeoffs on a choice reaction-time task☆

Abstract The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personality Inventory were administered to 96 college students, along with a choice reaction-time (RT)/movement-time task. The results show that females and S s high on neuroticism made significantly fewer ballistic errors on the RT. The implications for RT research are discussed.