cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An IMEX predictor–corrector method for pricing options under regime-switching jump-diffusion models

ABSTRACTAn efficient second-order method for pricing European and American options under regime-switching jump-diffusion models is presented and analysed for stability and convergence. The implicit–explicit (IMEX) nature of the proposed method avoids the need to invert a full matrix and leads to tridiagonal systems that can be efficiently solved by direct methods. The IMEX predictor–corrector method is coupled with the operator splitting method to solve the linear complementarity problem of the American options. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the stability and second-order convergence of the method.
QUINONE CHEMISTRY: APPLICATIONS IN BIOADHESION

Proteins containing the catecholic amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as an integral part of their sequence have bioadhesive and sclerotizing functions in the extracorporeal structures of many invertebrates, such as the attachment tendon (byssus) of the marine mussel and the egg-case of parasitic trematodes. The DOPA protein is one part of a natural composite thermoset which also includes stoichiometric quantities of catecholoxidase, an enzymic oxidizing agent, to induce the curing of the resin. An understanding of the molecular mechanism of these functions would enhance the technological and medical exploitation of materials which have been specifically engineered by the course of evolution to possess strong adhesive and cohesive properties. To date, however, we have only a rudimentary appreciation of this mechanism owing to the intractable nature of sclerotized structures and the low solubility of their purified precursors. We have investigated the possibility of using low molecular weight peptidyl DOPA analogues, specifically N-acetyl-DOPA ethyl ester, to explore the potential oxidation chemistry of DOPA proteins.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Coherent Links for Datacenters

We propose that coherent optical communication can offer energy-efficient operation in datacenters. Analysis and simulations determine optimal operating points for the laser and local oscillator (LO) and compare trade-offs in Silicon (Si) and Indium Phosphide (InP) Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZMs) to reach pJ/b scale efficiency.
Precision sensing and opto-mechanics with optically levitated nanoparticles (Conference Presentation)

In high vacuum, optically-levitated dielectric nanospheres achieve excellent decoupling from their environment, making them ideal for precision force sensing. We have shown that 300 nm silica spheres can be used for calibrated zeptonewton force measurements in a standing-wave optical trap. The sensitivity achieved exceeds that of any conventional room-temperature solid-state force sensor by over an order of magnitude, and enables a variety of applications including electric field sensing, inertial sensing, and gravimetry. I will describe our progress towards using these sensors for tests of the Newtonian gravitational inverse square law at micron length scales. Optically levitated dielectric objects also show promise for a variety of other applications, including searches for gravitational waves, and experiments in quantum optomechanics.
Solar Energy Harvesting Assessments from Migrating Northern Elephant Seals

Marine wildlife telemetry systems are constrained in many of the same ways as their terrestrial and avian counterparts. Battery limitations, deployment duration, data sampling and communication energy requirements, and wide dispersion or migration routes conspire to reduce the fidelity of the data records. Terrestrial and avian wildlife telemetry modules can utilize solar power for some species to supply or supplement tag energy budgets. However, photovoltaic cells are absent from the majority of marine telemetry modules, both wildlife-mounted and robotic. In this paper, we present the development and deployment of custom photovoltaic assessment modules (CPAMs) designed to measure solar power in the marine environement. These devices collected current-voltage measurements on a monocrystalline silicon solar cell once per second over the course of four months. This work discusses the device functionality and design updates, calibration procedures, and the results of an oceanic deployment. During this deployment, CPAMs were mounted to four adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at the colony at Ano Nuevo State Reserve (CA, USA) prior to their spring migration in the Pacific Ocean. Deployment results, including power production and energy results from the CPAM data record are presented. The elephant seals were at sea for between 76 and 107 days and provided measurements from a large geographic area between Santa Cruz, California and the Aleutian Islands of Alaska at depths up to 1287 m. We highlight how the recorded energy collection capacity of this cell compares to the daily energy usage of typical marine telemetry modules and show that even for animals that briefly surface, power harvesting electronics should be optimized for the surface environment.
Should adenosquamous esophageal carcinoma be treated like adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma

323Background: Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus have distinct outcomes, treatment strategies, and response profiles to therapy. Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is thought t...
Thrombocytopenia and endocarditis in a patient with Whipple’s disease: case report

Whipple’s disease (WD) is a rare multisystem infectious disorder that is caused by the actinomycete Tropheryma whipplei. It presents with joint pain followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption and finally failure to thrive. Diagnosis requires tissue sampling and histology with periodic acid-Schiff [PAS] staining. Thrombocytopenia associated with endocarditis associated with WD has been reported twice. A 56 year old Caucasian male presented with years of steroid treated joint pain and recent onset diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain. Ultimately he was found to have a platelet count of 4000 with concomitant endocarditis and embolic stroke. Small bowel biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of WD approximately 1 year after his first visit. His platelets improved with antibiotic treatment but he eventually expired 16 months after his initial consult and 5 months after his definitive diagnosis. WD can remain undiagnosed and untreated until late in the course of the illness. A high index of suspicion is recognized as necessary for early diagnosis to begin treatment. Critical thrombocytopenia associated with endocarditis is a rare and potentially poor prognostic sign in late stage Whipple’s disease.
Geographic Education in the Anthropocene: Cultivating Citizens at the Neoliberal University

In the Anthropocene, the charge to address climate change has been taken up by youth. From the landmark climate lawsuit filed in 2015 by twenty-one young people to secure the legal right to a safe ...
Parasocial relationships and depression among LGBQ emerging adults living with their parents during COVID-19: The potential for online support

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth continue to be disproportionately at risk for depression During COVID-19 social distancing, LGBQ youth who live with family may be more consistently exposed to potentially discriminatory family situations, and may receive reduced community and mental health support However, the Internet offers opportunities to interact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities by watching videos of, and developing one-way relationships-or parasocial relationships-with, LGBTQ media personalities on platforms such as YouTube The current study explored how parasocial relationships with LGBTQ YouTubers may moderate the links between family support, loneliness, and depression symptoms among LGBQ emerging adults living with their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic A sample of 183 LGBQ emerging adults (age 18-23) was recruited from the United States in mid-July 2020 Results of a moderated mediation regression indicated that parasocial relationship strength moderated the links between family support and loneliness, and loneliness and depression symptoms The associations between family support and loneliness, and between loneliness and depression symptoms, were weakened by high parasocial relationship strength These findings contribute to understanding parasocial relationships' connections to well-being among marginalized groups during a crisis and highlight the potential of online solutions to emerging mental health disparities being experienced by LGBQ youth disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-Parasocial relationships are one-way relationships with media personalities that may have associations with well-being for socially marginalized groups In our study, high parasocial relationship strength weakened the associations between family support and loneliness, and between loneliness and depression, among LGBQ emerging adults living with their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
A Critical Classroom Study of Language Oppression: Manuel and Malena’s Testimonios, “Sentía como que yo no valía nada . . . se reían de mí”

This critical classroom study of language oppression draws from the notion of existing inequalities based on power relations in education research, as addressed in a critical ethnography. This crit...
A fast, decomposed pressure correction method for an intrusive stochastic multiphase flow solver

Abstract Solution of the pressure Poisson equation is often the most expensive aspect of solving the incompressible form of Navier–Stokes. For a single phase deterministic model the pressure calculation is costly. Expanded to an intrusive stochastic multiphase framework, the simulation expense grows dramatically due to coupling between the stochastic pressure field and stochastic density. To address this issue in a deterministic framework, Dodd and Ferrante (“A fast pressure-correction method for incompressible two-fluid flows” Journal of Computational Physics, 273, 416–434, 2014) discuss a decomposed pressure correction method which utilizes an estimated pressure field and constant density to modify the standard pressure correction method. The resulting method is useful for improving computational cost for one-fluid formulations of multiphase flow calculations. In this paper, we extend the decomposed pressure correction method to intrusive uncertainty quantification of multiphase flows. The work improves upon the original formulation by modifying the estimated pressure field. The new method is assessed in terms of accuracy and reduction in computational cost with oscillating droplet, damped surface wave, and atomizing jet test cases where we find convergence of results with the proposed method to those of a traditional pressure correction method and analytic solutions, where appropriate.
American Diversity; Exploring Our Ethnic Mosaic

This provocative, commentary serves as a concise introduction to an Ethnic Studies examination of the multiple dimensions of persistent and hotly debated topics around race and culture in the United States. Using anecdotal narratives this E-book explores the roles of public policy, the media industry, religion, and identity formation as it pertains to the mosaic of ethnic, racially, and culturally designated groups in this country. Critical perspectives are presented in a historical framework linked to contemporary social-political issues of the 21st century. This is accomplished employing descriptive anecdotal narratives, supported by pictorial and video links to testimony from members of impacted ethnic minorities and other historically oppressed people of this evolving United States society. Explored are concepts of identity, knowledge construction, social networks, social movements, and inequalities. With today’s intensifying public distrust and confrontation, this book offers a nuanced perspective of how social advantages and disadvantages accumulate, and how constructions of race, ethnicity, class, ability, and gender influence how we navigate life in this country of diversity.
Help Wanted (and Needed

The author was not looking for a job. But he has been reading legal help-wanted ads and noticed something disturbing. Many law firm help-wanted ads demand excellent writing skills, which is good. But too many of these same ads don't display such skills, which is bad.
Charges, length of stay, and complication associations with trauma center ownership in adult patients with mild to moderate trauma.

Abstract Background For-profit (FP) trauma centers (TCs) charge more for trauma care than not-for-profit (NFP) centers. We sought to determine charges, length of stay (LOS), and complications associations with TC ownership status (FP, NFP, and government) for three diagnoses among patients with overall low injury severity. Methods Adult patients treated at TCs with an International Classification of Diseases-based injury severity score (ICISS) survival probability ≥ 0.85 were identified. Only those who with a principal diagnosis of femur, tibial or rib fractures were included. Results Total charges were significantly higher at FP centers than NFP and lower at government centers (89.6% and −12.8%, respectively). FP TCs had a 12.5% longer LOS and government TCs had a 20.4% longer LOS than NFP TCs. Conclusion Patients presenting to FP TCs with mild/moderate femur, tibial, or rib fractures experienced higher charges and increased LOS compared with government or NFP centers. There was no difference in overall complication rates.
Human mitochondrial protein complexes revealed by large-scale coevolution analysis and deep learning-based structure modeling

Abstract Recent development of deep-learning methods has led to a breakthrough in the prediction accuracy of 3-dimensional protein structures. Extending these methods to protein pairs is expected to allow large-scale detection of protein-protein interactions and modeling protein complexes at the proteome level. We applied RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold2, two of the latest deep-learning methods for structure predictions, to analyze coevolution of human proteins residing in mitochondria, an organelle of vital importance in many cellular processes including energy production, metabolism, cell death, and antiviral response. Variations in mitochondrial proteins have been linked to a plethora of human diseases and genetic conditions. RoseTTAFold, with high computational speed, was used to predict the coevolution of about 95% of mitochondrial protein pairs. Top-ranked pairs were further subject to the modeling of the complex structures by AlphaFold2, which also produced contact probability with high precision and in many cases consistent with RoseTTAFold. Most of the top ranked pairs with high contact probability were supported by known protein-protein interactions and/or similarities to experimental structural complexes. For high-scoring pairs without experimental complex structures, our coevolution analyses and structural models shed light on the details of their interfaces, including CHCHD4-AIFM1, MTERF3-TRUB2, FMC1-ATPAF2, ECSIT-NDUFAF1 and COQ7-COQ9, among others. We also identified novel PPIs (PYURF-NDUFAF5, LYRM1-MTRF1L and COA8-COX10) for several proteins without experimentally characterized interaction partners, leading to predictions of their molecular functions and the biological processes they are involved in.
Investigation of endwall effect on transitional flow inside compressor cascade passage at low Reynolds number

Laminar-to-turbulent transitional flow plays a key role in determining the overall aerodynamic performance of turbomachinery. In this paper, the physical mechanisms concerning transitional flow inside compressor cascade passages at low Reynolds number condition are investigated based on the large eddy simulations. Two categories of cascade flow simulations are conducted: one is for the quasi three-dimensional (3D) cascade flow without endwalls, i.e., the translational periodic boundary conditions are employed for hub and shroud surfaces, while the other focuses on the fully 3D cascade passage flow. Special emphasis is placed on the effect of endwalls on the laminar-to-turbulent transitional flow inside the compressor cascade passage. In addition, two levels of freestream turbulent intensity are set in these simulations. It is concluded that the endwall boundary layer flow has a non-ignorable influence on transitional flows in the lower-span region. Under the condition of low freestream turbulence intensity, the original laminar separation-induced transition pattern dominating the mid-span suction surface evolves to become natural and bypass transition flow when approaching the endwall region. With increase in the incoming turbulent intensity, the natural transitional flow disappears, and the cascade suction surface is dominated by the bypass transitional flow. Moreover, the blade loading near endwall is reduced and the aerodynamic loss on lower spanwise airfoil sections is substantially increased when compared to the cascade without endwall. The physical mechanisms concerning transitional flow described in this paper might provide some meaningful guidance toward developing advanced turbomachinery.
Prophage Repression as a Model for the Study of Gene Regulation I. Titration of the λ Repressor

Wiesmeyer, Herbert (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.). Prophage repression as a model for the study of gene regulation. I. Titration of the lambda repressor. J. Bacteriol. 91:89-94. 1966.-The concentration of lambda repressor molecules within a lambda lysogenic cell was estimated from the multiplicity of superinfecting homologous phage necessary to permit replication and release of plaque-forming units. A multiplicity of 20 superinfecting phage was found sufficient to permit replication to occur in the normal lambda lysogen. The phage released after lysis of the superinfected lysogen was composed of both prophage and superinfecting phage types. Superinfection of the lysogen at lower multiplicities resulted in the lysis of only a small percentage of infected cells and is thought to represent a possible heterogeneity of repressor concentration in the lysogenic population. Viability of the superinfecting particle was found to be unnecessary for titration of the repressor. The repressor concentration in three lysogens of the nonultraviolet-inducible mutant of lambda, lambda(ind-), was found to be greater than 20 regardless of the host bacterium. However, the number of cells yielding phage after superinfection was found to vary with the particular host. The specificity of the lambda repressor was shown to be limited to homologous phage, as determined following heterologous superinfection experiments with phages T6r, 82c, 434c, 434hy, and 424. In all instances except that of superinfection with phage 434hy, only heterologous phage replication occurred. Superinfection by phage 434hy resulted in the release of both prophage and superinfecting phage types. The latter type represented approximately 80% of the total phage released.
A Review of Maxwell's Handbook for RDA: Resource Description & Access: Explaining and Illustrating RDA: Resource Description and Access Using MARC 21

For the past 35 years, members of the Maxwell family have guided cataloging students and practitioners through the often labyrinthine standards of library cataloging practice. Margaret F. Maxwell w...
Sulfur saturation limits in silicate melts and their implications for core formation scenarios for terrestrial planets

This study explores the controls of temperature, pressure, and silicate melt composition on S solubility in silicate liquids. The solubility of S in FeO-containing silicate melts in equilibrium with metal sulfide increases significantly with increasing temperature but decreases with increasing pressure. The silicate melt structure also exercises a control on S solubility. Increasing the degree of polymerization of the silicate melt structure lowers the S solubility in the silicate liquid. The new set of experimental data is used to expand the model of Mavrogenes and O’Neill (1999) for S solubility in silicate liquids by incorporating the influence of the silicate melt structure. The expected S solubility in the ascending magma is calculated using the expanded model. Because the negative pressure dependence of S solubility is more influential than the positive temperature dependence, decompression and adiabatic ascent of a formerly S-saturated silicate magma will lead to S undersaturation. A primitive magma that is S-saturated in its source region will, therefore, become S-undersaturated as it ascends to shallower depth. In order to precipitate magmatic sulfides, the magma must first cool and undergo fractional crystallization to reach S saturation. The S content in a metallic liquid that is in equilibrium with a magma ocean that contains ~200 ppm S (i.e., Earth’s bulk mantle S content) ranges from 5.5 to 12 wt% S. This range of S values encompasses the amount of S (9 to 12 wt%) that would be present in the outer core if S is the light element. Thus, the Earth’s proto-mantle could be in equilibrium (in terms of the preserved S abundance) with a core-forming metallic phase.
Accurate matrix-free time-domain method with traditional vector bases in unstructured meshes

In this paper, we develop a new time-domain method that is naturally matrix free and independent of element shape used for discretization. No extra modification on traditional vector bases is required. Its implementation is straightforward. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are shown to be guaranteed. Numerical experiments on a variety of unstructured tetrahedral meshes have validated the accuracy and generality of the proposed method.
BACE Is Degraded via the Lysosomal Pathway

Abstract Amyloid plaques are formed by aggregates of amyloid-β-peptide, a 37–43-amino acid fragment (primarily Aβ40 and Aβ42) generated by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. A type I transmembrane aspartyl protease, BACE (β-site APP cleaving enzyme), has been identified to be the β-secretase. BACE is targeted through the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane where it can be internalized to endosomes. The carboxyl terminus of BACE contains a di-leucine-based signal for sorting of transmembrane proteins to endosomes and lysosomes. In this study, we set out to determine whether BACE is degraded by the lysosomal pathway and whether the di-leucine motif is necessary for targeting BACE to the lysosomes. Here we show that lysosomal inhibitors, chloroquine and NH4Cl, lead to accumulation of endogenous and ectopically expressed BACE in a variety of cell types, including primary neurons. Furthermore, the inhibition of lysosomal hydrolases results in the redistribution and accumulation of BACE in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartments (lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2)-positive). In contrast, the BACE-LL/AA mutant, in which Leu499 and Leu500 in the COOH-terminal sequence (DDISLLK) were replaced by alanines, only partially co-localized with LAMP2-positive compartments following inhibition of lysosomal hydrolases. Collectively, our data indicate that BACE is transported to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartments where it is degraded via the lysosomal pathway and that the di-leucine motif plays a role in sorting BACE to lysosomes.
Bacteriophage HK97 head assembly

The head assembly pathway of bacteriophage HK97 shares many features with head assembly pathways determined for other dsDNA phages, and it also provides examples of novel variations on the basic theme. We describe aspects of two specific steps in the assembly pathway, the covalent cross-linking among the assembled head protein subunits and the cleavage of those subunits that takes place earlier in the pathway. Comparisons of head assembly pathways among different phages, as well as comparisons of the organization of the genes that specify those pathways, suggest the range of different solutions phages have found to common assembly problems and give insight into the evolutionary histories of these assembly processes.
Intergroup Contact, Prejudicial Attitudes, and Policy Preferences: The Case of the U.S. Military’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Policy

Data from 115,052 active United States military personnel were analyzed to explore links between contact with gay people and attitudes about repealing “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” Results showed that prejudice against homosexuals significantly mediated the association between contact and supporting repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”; quality of contact in the military was a stronger predictor than other measures of contact. Quality and quantity of contact interacted: more contact quantity had opposing statistical effects on policy attitudes for people experiencing high versus low quality contact. Findings are discussed in terms of contact theory, the association between intergroup attitudes and policy preferences, and practical implications for situations in which groups’ access to new positions or roles is limited, and hence contact opportunities are rare.
Refractive index approximations from linear perturbation theory for planar MQW waveguides

For planar multilayer waveguides with multiple quantum wells (MQW), integral formulas for the optimal refractive index when the MQW are replaced by a single uniform layer are derived by considering linear perturbations of the fields and propagation constants for solutions of the wave equation. These integral formulas simplify to familiar discrete averages if the spatial variations of the fields over a period of the MQW are small. The discrete average result for TE modes is applied to a waveguide with a single MQW guiding region and the relative magnitude of the errors in the power distribution and propagation constant for symmetric and antisymmetric modes are explained.
Computation of nitric oxide and soot emissions from turbulent diffusion flames

An existing steady-state, locally homogeneous flow model of turbulent spray combustion was modified to predict NO emission from a spray flame and soot emission from a gas-jet flame. The effect of turbulent fluctuations on the reaction rates was accounted for. The predicted NO emission from an n-pentane spray with a changing injection velocity could be correlated with the convective time scale of the flow. Calculation of soot emission from a burning turbulent gas jet indicated that the centerline soot concentration reaches a peak upstream of the maximum temperature location and then decreases due to soot oxidation and dilution by air entrainment.
Aggregation of endoplasmic reticulum and its relation to the nucleus in a differentiating sieve element.

The changes in structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus in a differentiating sieve element were studied in the protophloem of root tips of Phaseolus vulgaris L. While the nucleus is still intact, the ER cisternae become aggregated into stacks. Some of the stacks are applied to the nuclear envelope. In the nucleus the discernible components disappear. The nuclear envelope apparently becomes discontinuous, for cytoplasmic ribosomes invade the nuclear region and the distinction between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm is obliterated. With further differentiation of the cell the nucleus disappears as a definable entity but the stacks of ER are retained. Pieces of nuclear envelope apparently remain associated with these stacks. After the nucleus is disorganized, the ER stacks occur mainly near the cell wall. They are so oriented that the cisternae lie either parallel to the wall or perpendicular to it. Some stacked ER assumes a convoluted form. Before the ER is aggregated it is associated with ribosomes; later it becomes smooth. Electron-dense material occurs between the contiguous cisternae in the stacks.
Application of reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-R) signals in the estimation of sea roughness effects in microwave radiometry

In February-March 2009 NASA JPL conducted an airborne field campaign using the Passive Active L-band System (PALS) and the Ku-band Polarimetric Scatterometer (PolSCAT) collecting measurements of brightness temperature and near surface wind speeds. Flights were conducted over a region of expected high-speed winds in the Atlantic Ocean, for the purposes of algorithm development for salinity retrievals. Wind speeds encountered were in the range of 5 to 25 m/s during the two weeks deployment. The NASA-Langley GPS delay-mapping receiver (DMR) was also flown to collect GPS signals reflected from the ocean surface and generate post-correlation power vs. delay measurements. This data was used to estimate ocean surface roughness and a strong correlation with brightness temperature was found. Initial results suggest that reflected GPS signals, using small low-power instruments, will provide an additional source of data for correcting brightness temperature measurements for the purpose of sea surface salinity retrievals.
Plasma tocopherol levels in cardiac patients.

Abstract 1. 1. The average plasma tocopherol level in sixty-two patients with heart disease was 0.94 mg. per cent, a value which was significantly lower than the mean of 1.09 mg. per cent found in twenty-one healthy young adults. In addition, there was a greater incidence of very low levels among the cardiac patients. 2. 2. The plasma tocopherol level was determined in forty-two patients constituting a random sample of the hospital population, and an average value of 0.92 mg. per cent was obtained. This value was also signficantly lower than that in normal subjects, but was essentially the same as that found among cardiac patients. Furthermore, the incidence of low tocopherol levels was no greater in patients with heart disease than in hospital patients in general. In so far as plasma tocopherol levels are a measure of tocopherol nutrition, no evidence was found for differences between tocopherol nutrition in cardiac patients and that in other patients picked at random from the general hospital population. 3. 3. Tocopherol levels of patients in each of the four cardiac classes were essentially similar. No relationship was found between the tocopherol level and the severity of cardiac impairment. 4. 4. No correlation was found between the tocopherol level and sex or color, but there was a positive correlation between the tocopherol level and age.
A Numerical Model of Redundancy in Classroom Communications

An attempt is made to quantify redundancy in a learning situation. To reduce the cost of in-the-school experiment, a study has been carried out using a numerical procedure. The variables of the study include student I.Q., lesson time, wasted time, teacher experience, and redundancy. A total of 216 cases were worked out. A modest number of cases must be evaluated experimentally, in a classroom, to verify the study. After the procedure has been verified, administrators can suggest guidelines for optimal teaching procedure in the classroom, and teachers can carry out such optimal teaching procedure in the public school. The administrator can thus select optimal redundancy in the learning situation.
Nanostructure of metallic particles in light water reactor used nuclear fuel

Abstract An extraordinary nano-structure has been observed in the metallic (Mo–Tc–Ru–Rh–Pd) particles that are known to form during irradiated in light water nuclear reactor fuels. This structure points possible high catalytic reactivity through the occurrence of a very high surface area as well as defect sites. We have analyzed separated metallic particles from dissolved high burn-up spent nuclear fuel using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The larger particles vary in diameter between ∼10 and ∼300 nm and possess a hexagonally close packed epsilon-ruthenium structure. These particles are not always single crystals but often consist of much smaller crystallites on the order of 1–3 nm in diameter with evidence suggesting the occurrence of some amorphous regions. It is possible that neutron irradiation and fission product recoils generated the unusual small crystallite size. The composition of the metallic particles was variable with low levels of uranium present in some of the particles. We hypothesize that the uranium may have induced the formation of the amorphous (or frustrated) metal structure. This unique nano-structure may play an important role in the environmental behavior of nuclear fuels.
Experiences with mining temporal event sequences from electronic medical records: initial successes and some challenges

The standardization and wider use of electronic medical records (EMR) creates opportunities for better understanding patterns of illness and care within and across medical systems. Our interest is in the temporal history of event codes embedded in patients' records, specifically investigating frequently occurring sequences of event codes across patients. In studying data from more than 1.6 million patient histories at the University of Michigan Health system we quickly realized that frequent sequences, while providing one level of data reduction, still constitute a serious analytical challenge as many involve alternate serializations of the same sets of codes. To further analyze these sequences, we designed an approach where a partial order is mined from frequent sequences of codes. We demonstrate an EMR mining system called EMRView that enables exploration of the precedence relationships to quickly identify and visualize partial order information encoded in key classes of patients. We demonstrate some important nuggets learned through our approach and also outline key challenges for future research based on our experiences.
Impact of Brooks-Iyengar DistributedSensing Algorithm on Real Time Systems

In this paper we evaluate the merit of Brooks-Iyengar distributed sensing algorithm and highlight its impact on cost-effective processing of real-time sensor data stream. We discover that it has a long-lasting impact, not only on sensor networks, but also on computer operating systems. We believe that as we learn more about the usefulness of this algorithm, it will become an essential component of system that use sensors in some form.
Gametogenesis and reproductive periodicity of the “biologically vulnerable” giant Caribbean sea anemone, Condylactis gigantea, in Florida

The giant Caribbean sea anemone, Condylactis gigantea, is an ecologically important member of the benthic community. It provides habitat for many species, including symbiotic cleaner shrimps, and is recognized by reef fishes as a cleaning station cue. Numbers of C. gigantea in Florida have recently declined, possibly due to deteriorating environmental conditions and increasing harvest pressure. A previous research finding indicating that C. gigantea spawns in the late spring has been questioned by fishers for the aquarium trade industry. We therefore examined specimens of C. gigantea collected monthly from October 2011 to September 2012 in the Florida Keys to characterize the reproductive cycle, also measuring several physical and chemical parameters of concurrently collected water samples. We ascertained that the anemone is gonochoric and has a 1:1 sex ratio. Within and between individuals, at the same time and place, spermatogenesis was synchronous, whereas oocyte development was asynchronous. Low-level spawning occurred between October and April with a peak in May, in good agreement with earlier research. Water quality at both sites showed no discernible change over the study period. Conservation efforts directed at population management could benefit this anemone.
Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising And The 1960s

Context * Introduction * Toward Understanding Uprising * Rising Up * Death in the Afternoon, Evening, and Morning * Fire/Guns * The Hearing Children of Deaf Parents Conflict * Black Scare * Iron Fist Impact * The Old Leadership * The New Leadership * The State and Civil Society Class Versus Class * A Class Divided by Race * Right, Left, and Center * Politics: Local and Beyond * Business * Representing Rebellion Meanings * After the Fire * Epilogue: the 1990s
Improved locomotion for the HeartLander robot for injection of an anti-remodeling hydrogel

HeartLander is a miniature mobile robot designed to crawl on the surface of the heart and is well-suited to deliver myocardial injections. It was previously shown that with an added cooling and injection system, the crawler could perform controlled injections of a thermally sensitive anti-remodeling hydrogel on a chicken breast, but at the expense of its computer controlled steering due to the stiffness of the added components. To restore the locomotion performance, we have replaced these components with more flexible materials and demonstrated the ability to crawl and perform controlled injections on chicken breast muscle ex vivo.
Single-molecule studies reveal the function of a third polymerase in the replisome

Recent work has indicated that the Escherichia coli replisome contains three DNA polymerases that are used to replicate two parental strands. A single-molecule approach is now used to compare replisomes reconstituted with two or three polymerases, revealing that the presence of a third polymerase ensures higher processivity overall and more efficient replication of the lagging strand.
3) Modern Concepts of Neonatal Disease in Foals

SUMMARY A suggested classification of neonatal disease is presented under four headings: Group I: Infective conditions characterised by fever, lethargy and reduced strength of suck reflex. Group II: Non-infective conditions characterised by gross disturbances in behaviour. Group III: Developmental abnormalities characterised by failure of a part or parts to develop normally. Group IV: Immunological conditions characterised by a reaction between maternal and foetal tissues. A summary of the knowledge of aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and pathology of each group is recorded, and the foetal environment and birth process are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of equine neonatal disease. RESUME On suggere une classification des maladies neo-natales en quatre groupes: Groupe I: Conditions infectieuses caracterisees par de la fievre, de la lethargie, et une diminution du reflexe de succion. Groupe II: Conditions non-infectieuses caracterisees par des troubles importants du comportement. Groupe III: Anomalies de constitution caracterisees par l'absence de developpement d'une ou de plusieurs parties du corps. Groupe IV: Conditions immunologiques caracterisees par une reaction entre les tissus maternels et foetaux. Un resume des connaissances de l'etiologie, du diagnostic, du traitement et de la pathologie de chaque groupe est donne. Le role de l'environnement et de la mise bas sont envisages dans la pathogenie de ces maladies neonatales. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Es wird eine Klassierung der Neugeborenenerkrankungen in vier Gruppen vorgeschlagen: Gruppe I: Infektiose Zustande mit Fieber, Lethargie und abgeschwachtem Saugreflex. Gruppe 2: Nicht-infektiose Zustande mit starken Verhaltensstorungen. Gruppe 3: Anomalien der Entwicklung eines oder mehrerer Korperteile. Gruppe 4: Immunologische Krankheiten gekennzeichnet durch eine Reaktion zwischen mutterlichen und foetalen Geweben. Es wird eine Zusammenfassung der Kenntnisse uber die Aetiologie, die Diagnose, Behandlung und Pathologie jeder Gruppe gegeben; die foetale Umgebung und der Geburtsvorgang werden diskutiert in ihrem Zusammenhang mit equinen, neonatalen Krankheiten. 1 William R. Warner, Eastleigh, Hampshire, England. 2 Penbritin, Beecham Veterinary Products, England. 3 Orbenin, Beecham Veterinary Products, England. 4 Trivetrin, Burroughs Wellcome and Co., England. 5 Epanutin, Parke Davis and Co., England. 6 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc., Florida, U.S.A. 7 Armour Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., England. 8 Ames Company, England. 9 Lanoxin, Burroughs Wellcome and Co., England. 10 Konakion, Roche Products, England. 11 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc., Florida, U.S.A. 12 Armour Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., England.
How the Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Influence the Development of Brain Architecture

Early life events can exert a powerful influence on both the pattern of brain architecture and behavioral development. In this study a conceptual framework is provided for considering how the structure of early experience gets "under the skin." The study begins with a description of the genetic framework that lays the foundation for brain development, and then proceeds to the ways experience interacts with and modifies the structures and functions of the developing brain. Much of the attention is focused on early experience and sensitive periods, although it is made clear that later experience also plays an important role in maintaining and elaborating this early wiring diagram, which is critical to establishing a solid footing for development beyond the early years.
Isopycnic centrifugation of acidic glycosidases and acid phosphatase containing particles from Stomoxys calcitrans

Abstract 1. 1. Sucrose density gradients were used to characterize lysosome-containing fraction from 0 hr white prepupae of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). 2. 2. The acidic glycosidases (α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, α-mannosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase) equilibrate at the same density as does acid phosphatase. 3. 3. The mitochondrial marker enzyme cytochrome c oxidase also equilibrates at the same density. Gomori staining showed the presence of acid phosphatase in the lysosomes. 4. 4. The 10,000 g fraction contains mostly mitochondria with lysosomes and RER.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Prevent Programmed Cell Death through the Modulation of Neuronal Endonuclease Activity and Intracellular pH

Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation prevents neurodegeneration against nitric oxide (NO)-induced programmed cell death (PCD). We therefore investigated whether specific neuronal endogenous deoxyribonucleases, enzymes recently identified to be responsible for the maintenance of DNA integrity, mediated mGluR protection against NO. In rat primary hippocampal neurons, injury was assessed by using a 0.4% trypan blue dye exclusion method and TUNEL assay 24 h following treatment with the NO generators sodium nitroprusside (300 μM) or SIN-1 (300 μM). DNA digestion studies using neuronal cell extracts were employed to assess specific endonuclease activity. Individual application of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) (10 μM), an endonuclease inhibitor, or the mGluR agonists 1S,3R-ACPD (750 μM), DHPG (750 μM), L-CCG-I (750 μM), or L-AP4 (750 μM) prior to NO exposure significantly increased neuronal survival. Yet, combination therapy with ATA (10 μM) and the mGluR agonists did not synergistically improve neuronal survival, suggesting a common pathway of protection for ATA and the mGluRs that is dependent upon the modulation of neuronal endonuclease activity. In further support of this premise, protection by the mGluR agonists 1S,3R-ACPD, DHPG, L-CCG-I, and L-AP4 was significantly decreased during enhancement of endonuclease activity with the zinc chelator,N,N,N′,N′,-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine. Antagonism of the mGluR system was ineffective against endonuclease induced DNA destruction. Further assessment with DNA digestion assays identified two distinct mechanisms to maintain DNA integrity, a Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonuclease inhibited by L-AP4 and a magnesium dependent endonuclease inhibited by 1S,3R-ACPD. These neuroprotective mechanisms during activation of the mGluR system were also intricately linked to the active reversal of the biphasic intracellular pH changes induced by NO. Further investigation into the molecular pathways modulated by mGluRs may identify specific mechanisms that can maintain DNA integrity during adverse cellular environments.
Ein modelltheoretischer Ansatz zur Planung von Investitionen in Kundenbeziehungen

Das Management von Kundenbeziehungen gewinnt im Zuge der steigenden Relevanz, die dem Customer Relationship Managements beigemessen wird, verstarkt an Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund gilt es, auch Investitionen in Kundenbeziehungen analog zu anderen Unternehmensinvestitionen gezielt zu steuern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird deshalb ein Entscheidungsmodell vorgestellt, das mittels der dynamischen Optimierung die optimale Hohe eines Investitionsbudgets in den Kundenstamm uber mehrere Perioden hinweg bestimmt. Die Anwendung des Modells wird anhand eines Beispiels aus der Finanzdiensleistungsbranche illustriert.
On the breaking of the single phase Whitham solution

Abstract We study finite time singularities of solutions of the single phase Whitham equations for the KdV equation. We show that the first derivative of the Whitham solution blows up in a finite time for certain initial data. The key element in our analysis is the Riccati equations that govern the evolution of the first spatial derivatives of the Whitham solution along the characteristics.
Relationship Enhancement for Single Females: Interpersonal Network Intervention

The present study assesses the effects of relationship enhancement training on the level of communication skills, amount of relationship change, and friendship strength of single female friendship pairs. Pairs of single female friends who indicated an interest in the program were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 16) or to a control group (N = 22). The experimental group participated in a four-week, 12-hour relationship enhancement skills training program, while the control group received no training. Results indicated that the experimental group, relative to the control group, significantly increased their level of communication skills and perceived amount of relationship change. No differences were found between the two groups on perceived amount of friendship strength. Discussion centers on: (a) some probable factors contributing to the indicated results, (b) limitations and implications of the study, and (c) suggestions for future research.
The vibrational spectrum of dimethylselenium difluoride and dimethyl-d6-selenium difluoride

Abstract The vibrational spectrum of dimethylselenium difluoride and its deuterium analogue is reported. The spectrum is compatible with a molecular geometry of C 2 v symmetry. The fundamentals are selected from among the observed frequencies assuming C 2 v symmetry. Two approximate normal coordinate calculations supporting the assignment are reported.
Giant-Stroke, Superelastic Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Muscles

Improved electrically powered artificial muscles are needed for generating force, moving objects, and accomplishing work. Carbon nanotube aerogel sheets are the sole component of new artificial muscles that provide giant elongations and elongation rates of 220% and (3.7 x 10(4))% per second, respectively, at operating temperatures from 80 to 1900 kelvin. These solid-state-fabricated sheets are enthalpic rubbers having gaslike density and specific strength in one direction higher than those of steel plate. Actuation decreases nanotube aerogel density and can be permanently frozen for such device applications as transparent electrodes. Poisson's ratios reach 15, a factor of 30 higher than for conventional rubbers. These giant Poisson's ratios explain the observed opposite sign of width and length actuation and result in rare properties: negative linear compressibility and stretch densification.
Improved mechanical properties of Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al alloy by electron beam welding process plus heat treatments and its microstructure evolution

Abstract Electron beam welding (EBW) and related heat treatments were carried out on Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al (Ti-15-3) alloy plate materials. It was found that the operated parameters in the present EBW process together with suitable heat treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties as well as the elongations of the Ti-15-3 weldment, which may provide a promising way for further industrial application. Furthermore, the observed nano size phase of β, α, and here first reported TiCr2 particle, may form from the solid solution matrix of the Ti-15-3 alloy. The possible mechanisms for these phase formation are discussed.