cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling production externalities in the maquila industry

In the past decade, the maquiladora export industry surpassed both tourism and petroleum products to become the number one source of earned foreign exchange for Mexico. The continued growth of the maquila industry suggests that there may be significant production spillovers into the local environments. Dynamic modeling, using STELLA, provides a framework for quantifying the environmental impacts emanating from the growth of the maquila industry, focusing on wastewater treatment consequences and resulting infrastructural policy considerations. Such detailed modeling of industrial, infrastructural, and ecological linkages has not yet been a feature of research on this region, despite the potential for significant human health ramifications. An environmental model is therefore developed for two focal urban communities, Nogales and Mexicali, facing potential wastewater treatment concerns due to the growth of nearby maquila factories. In the former case, the analysis revealed the inadequacy of the capacity planning for the treatment of effluent; in the latter case, conservative projections reveal that the system upgrades should be able to handle demands through 2020.
The locus of context effects on product proximity judgments

Abstract Tversky's (Tversky, A., 1977. Features of similarity. Psychological Review 84, 327–352) contrast model of similarity is used to examine the locus of two contextual effects on product judgments. More familiar stimuli may be perceived as more similar as well as more dissimilar than less familiar stimuli. Priming subjects' product knowledge should, meanwhile, increase the similarity of brands but decrease the similarity of categories. We argue that both of these context effects should be more prominent among the moderately proximal stimuli in any given set. Two studies, one examining the similarity/dissimilarity effect and one examining priming effects, support this conclusion. The observed priming effects were also stronger for brands than for categories. Overall these context effects appear more localized than previously assumed.
Leaky‐wave antenna with arbitrary scan in the frequency band

A wide-angle frequency-scanned leaky-wave antenna design is presented. The proposed antenna operates in the nonfundamental mode and uses a meandered feed line to produce the exact phase-delay relationship necessary for achieving the desired scan in the specified frequency band. Experimental results obtained for a four-element antenna designed for the 6.05 – 6.75 GHz frequency band, show a low-loss scanned radiation pattern in the range of ± 45°. The measured gain is 5.75 ± 0.5 dBi. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2441–2444, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25496
Genetic algorithm optimization of superresolution parameters

Superresolution is the process of producing a high resolution image from a collection of low resolution images. This process has potential application in a wide spectrum of fields in which navigation, surveillance, and observation are important, yet in which target images have limited resolution. There have been numerous methods proposed and developed to implement superresolution, each with its own advantages and limitations. However, there is no standard method or software for superresolution. In this paper a genetic algorithm solution for determining the registration and point spread function (PSF) parameters for superresolution is proposed and implemented, and a superresolved image is generated using genetic algorithm optimization of an existing superresolution method.
PepNovo: De Novo Peptide Sequencing via Probabilistic Network Modeling

We present a novel scoring method for de novo interpretation of peptides from tandem mass spectrometry data. Our scoring method uses a probabilistic network whose structure reflects the chemical and physical rules that govern the peptide fragmentation. We use a likelihood ratio hypothesis test to determine whether the peaks observed in the mass spectrum are more likely to have been produced under our fragmentation model than under a model that treats peaks as random events. We tested our de novo algorithm PepNovo on ion trap data and achieved results that are superior to popular de novo peptide sequencing algorithms. PepNovo can be accessed via the URL http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/groups/bioinformatics/software.html.
Numerical modeling and experiments of coarsening foam

Abstract Numerical and experimental results of drying and wetting foam are presented. Foam can be wetted by wash water delivered on its top boundary, or drained by allowing the liquid to move downward in response to gravity. These processes are governed by nonlinear equations that in special cases accept exact solutions. Here we develop a numerical model that satisfies realistic boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented in conjunction with experiments conducted with coarsening foam. In addition, calculations were carried out modeling the wetting and draining of coarsened foam. From the simulations and experiments, coarsening bubbles were found responsible for accelerating drainage, or vice versa.
Defect formation during MBE growth of HgTe on CdTe

Abstract HgTe grown by MBE onto CdTe substrates under excess Hg conditions was found to lead to a columnar void-twin microstructure, with the twins nucleating from the voids. Grown under Hg-deficient conditions, the microstructure of MBE HgTe consisted of columnar polycrystals. Nucleation of the polycrystals occurred only at the commencement of growth. Possible growth and twinning mechanisms are discussed.
Solubilization Rates of n-Alkanes in Micellar Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants

Accurate prediction of surfactant-enhanced recovery of organic contaminants in soils requires estimates of micellar solubilization rates. This study examines the influence of surfactant properties on the rates of solubilization of octane, decane, and dodecane in micellar solutions of a homologous series of purified dodecyl alcohol ethoxylates and two commercial surfactants, an ethoxylated linear alcohol (Witconol SN-120) and an ethoxylated sorbitan ester (Witconol 2722). A batch mixing technique was employed to investigate these solubilization rates. For all surfactants studied, solubilization rates were found to increase with a decrease in solute chain length. For the purified surfactants, solubilization rates also increased with ethoxylate chain length. Batch concentration data were fit with a linear driving force mass transfer model. Effective mass transfer coefficients determined from these data ranged over more than one order-of-magnitude for the systems examined. Correlations developed for the effective mass transfer coefficients exhibit a dependence on the solute micelle-water partition coefficient, solute molar volume, and surfactant hydrophile-lipophile balance or ethoxylate chain length. Although the measured coefficients are specific for this experimental system, the results demonstrate the importance of employing organic and surfactant properties in the estimation of solubilization rates.
Comparative Genomics of Large Mitochondria in Placozoans

The first sequenced mitochondrial genome of a placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, challenged the conventional wisdom that a compact mitochondrial genome is a common feature among all animals. Three additional placozoan mitochondrial genomes representing highly divergent clades have been sequenced to determine whether the large Trichoplax mtDNA is a shared feature among members of the phylum Placozoa or a uniquely derived condition. All three mitochondrial genomes were found to be very large, 32- to 37-kb, circular molecules, having the typical 12 respiratory chain genes, 24 tRNAs, rnS, and rnL. They share with the Trichoplax mitochondrial genome the absence of atp8, atp9, and all ribosomal protein genes, the presence of several cox1 introns, and a large open reading frame containing an intron group I LAGLIDADG endonuclease domain. The differences in mtDNA size within Placozoa are due to variation in intergenic spacer regions and the presence or absence of long open reading frames of unknown function. Phylogenetic analyses of the 12 respiratory chain genes support the monophyly of Placozoa. The similarities in composition and structure between the three mitochondrial genomes reported here and that of Trichoplax's mtDNA suggest that their uncompacted state is a shared ancestral feature to other nonmetazoans while their gene content is a derived feature shared only among the Metazoa.
Projection and grammar: notes on the `action-projecting¿ use of the distal demonstrative are in Japanese

Abstract Projection refers to the feature of human conduct that prefigures possible trajectories of how an action (or a sequence of actions) might develop in the next moment, and which thereby allows interactants to negotiate and accomplish coordinated action in the subsequent course of interaction. The present study explores the mechanism of projection with a focus on the relationship between projection and grammar. To that end, this study examines a particular turn-constructional practice involving the ‘action-projecting’ use of the distal demonstrative pronoun are (‘that one; that thing’) in Japanese. The point of departure for the study is the observation made by previous research that, due to some typological features of Japanese grammar, the projection of unfolding turn-shape and action-type is achieved relatively late in the course of a turn in Japanese. Through a detailed examination of relevant data from naturally-occurring Japanese conversations among peers as well as from TV talk shows, this study shows that Japanese speakers can nonetheless achieve early projection of forthcoming action through the use of the turn-constructional practice involving ‘action-projecting’ are and thereby compensate for delayed projectability. Issues arising from the analytic section of this study include the question of whether and how various projection techniques are grammaticized into grammatical constructions in different languages.
Outcomes Among Family Caregivers of Aphasic Versus Nonaphasic Stroke Survivors

Adverse consequences are known to occur in family members responsible for providing care to stroke survivors. However, the differential effect of aphasic versus nonaphasic stroke on caregivers has not been well studied. This study compares selected outcomes (e.g., perceived task difficulty, depressive symptoms, and other negative stroke-related outcomes) among caregivers of aphasic (n = 46) and nonaphasic (n = 113) stroke survivors. Results indicated that caregivers of aphasic survivors perceived greater difficulty with tasks and had more negative stroke-related outcomes than caregivers of nonaphasic survivors. Communication with the survivor was rated as most upsetting and difficult by caregivers in the aphasic group, followed by managing behaviors. Lack of time for family and friends was evident. Female caregivers and caregivers of survivors with self-care deficits also perceived greater difficulty with tasks and negative outcomes. Comprehensive assessment of the unique needs of caregivers of aphasic survivors is suggested for more individualized nursing interventions.
Diagnosis and evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Although some areas of adult ADHD knowledge remain unclear, there isa strong sense of how to proceed with diagnosis using current DSM-IV criteria as a guide. Thorough clinical interview, aided by the use of rating scales for current symptoms and collateral information about childhood from parents or siblings, forms the backbone of the assessment. The poor psychosocial outcomes of patients with ADHD. often a consequence of unrecognized,untreated disorder manifestation, also can serve as a diagnostic indicator. Diagnostic and symptom assessment scales also can be a significant helpin diagnosing and establishing the symptoms of ADHD in adults. It is important to remember that according to DSM-IV, the cardinal criteria for making the diagnosis are the presence of sufficient current symptoms and impairment in two realms (home, school/work, and social interactions). Accordingly, adult ADHD remains a clinical diagnosis, and the clinician-administered interview remains the cornerstone of diagnostic evaluation.
No-difference research

Because no-difference research has been relatively unexplored by evaluators, a series of empirical studies was conducted. In this chapter distinguishing characteristics of no-difference research are examined, its acceptance by the research community is probed, and possible strategies for conducting no-difference studies are discussed. The centrality of no-difference findings within the experimental and non-experimental paradigms is also discussed.
Coarctation de l'aorte thoraco-abdominale et hypertension réno-vasculaire chez une jeune fille irakienne de 14 ans : les pièges du diagnostic et du traitement chirurgical

La coarctation de l'aorte abdominale reste une cause rare d'hypertension arterielle chez l'enfant. Les options therapeutiques rapportees comportent le traitement endovasculaire, le traitement medical, l'autotransplantation renale et les pontages des parties malades de l'aorte a l'aide d'une prothese ou de materiel autogene. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une jeune fille irakienne de 14 ans ayant une coarctation de l'aorte abdominale confirmee par l'angioscanner et l'imagerie par resonance magnetique. La malade a eu avec succes un pontage aorto-aortique, un pontage aorto-mesenterique et un pontage aorto-bi-renal a l'aide de protheses en polytetrafluoroethylene. L'option therapeutique optimale de ces lesions est le pontage chirurgical.
Effects of the circadian variation in serum cortisol on markers of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis in normal postmenopausal women

Bone turnover has a circadian pattern, with bone resorption and, to a lesser extent, bone formation increasing at night. Serum cortisol also has a circadian pattern and is a potential candidate for mediating the circadian changes in bone turnover. Thus, we measured bone formation and resorption markers before (study A) and after (study B) elimination of the morning peak of cortisol. We also assessed effects of the circadian cortisol pattern on serum calcium, PTH, and urinary calcium excretion. Ten normal postmenopausal women, aged 63-75 yr (mean, 69 yr), were studied. Metyrapone was administered to block endogenous cortisol synthesis and either a variable (study A) or a constant (study B) infusion of cortisol was given to reproduce and then abolish the morning cortisol peak. Blood was sampled every 2 h for serum cortisol, ionized calcium, PTH, and bone formation markers [osteocalcin and carboxyl-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PICP)], and timed 4-h urine samples were collected for measurement of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and bone resorption markers (N-telopeptide of type I collagen and free deoxypyridinoline). During study A, serum osteocalcin had a circadian pattern, with a peak at 0400 h and a nadir at 1400 h. During study B, however, the afternoon nadir of serum osteocalcin was eliminated (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005 for the difference in the patterns of peak and nadir, respectively, on the 2 study days). In contrast, the circadian patterns of serum PICP and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen and free deoxypyridinoline were virtually identical during the two studies. Urinary calcium excretion declined after the cortisol peak, without differences between the 2 study days in phosphorus or sodium excretion or in serum PTH. We conclude that the circadian variation in serum cortisol is responsible for the circadian pattern of serum osteocalcin, but not that of PICP or bone resorption markers. The physiological variation in serum cortisol may also reduce urinary calcium excretion.
Aircraft storage batteries

LEAD-ACID, nickel-cadmium, and silver-zinc storage batteries have been used, or have been proposed for use, on commercial and military aircraft. Each one of these electrochemical systems has characteristics that recommend it for service in aircraft. Lead-acid batteries, dating from the double-chamber Mark 1?7 series, have been used for a long time in such service and are well adapted to the conventional electric circuits used in airplanes. Nickel-cadmium batteries may be ?hermetically? sealed, an obviously desirable characteristic, and exhibit good outputs over a wide range of discharge rates. Silver-zinc batteries give high electrical output per unit weight and volume, a most desirable characteristic for aircraft where weight and volume are at a premium. Recently, a fourth system, the silver-cadmium battery, has been proposed but insufficient data are presently available to predict its over-all performance.
Design and implementation of software for assembly and browsing of 3D brain atlases.

Abstract Visualization software for three dimensional digital brain atlases present many challenges in design and implementation. These challenges include the design of an effective human interface, management of large data sets, display speed when slicing the data set for viewing/browsing, and the display of delineated volumes of interest (VOI). We present a software design, implementation and storage architecture that addresses these issues, allowing the user to navigate through a reconstructed volume quickly and smoothly, with an easy-to-use human interface. The software ( macostat , for use with Macintosh OS) allows the user to rapidly display slices of the digital atlas at any arbitrary slicing angle, complete with delineated VOIs. The VOIs can be assigned colors of the user's choosing. The entire atlas, or selected portions, may be resliced with slices stored as individual image files, complete with delineations. These delineations may be transferred to corresponding sections of experimental materials using our analysis program ( brain ). The software may be obtained from the laboratory's web site: http://www.neuroterrain.org .
The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder

Increasing evidence points to an association between major depressive disorders (MDDs) and diverse types of GABAergic deficits. In this review, we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a central and causal role of GABAergic deficits in the etiology of depressive disorders. Studies of depressed patients indicate that MDDs are accompanied by reduced brain concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and by alterations in the subunit composition of the principal receptors (GABA(A) receptors) mediating GABAergic inhibition. In addition, there is abundant evidence that suggests that GABA has a prominent role in the brain control of stress, the most important vulnerability factor in mood disorders. Furthermore, preclinical evidence suggests that currently used antidepressant drugs (ADs) designed to alter monoaminergic transmission and nonpharmacological therapies may ultimately act to counteract GABAergic deficits. In particular, GABAergic transmission has an important role in the control of hippocampal neurogenesis and neural maturation, which are now established as cellular substrates of most if not all antidepressant therapies. Finally, comparatively modest deficits in GABAergic transmission in GABA(A) receptor-deficient mice are sufficient to cause behavioral, cognitive, neuroanatomical and neuroendocrine phenotypes, as well as AD response characteristics expected of an animal model of MDD. The GABAergic hypothesis of MDD suggests that alterations in GABAergic transmission represent fundamentally important aspects of the etiological sequelae of MDDs that are reversed by monoaminergic AD action.
Device to generate intensity modulation in a pulsed particle beam

Abstract The described instrument modulates the intensity of a pulsed proton beam on a pulse-by-pulse basis. This device uses a sieve stripper moving in and out of the beam at a rate synchronized to the beam pulses to generate an intensity modulation. The intensity modulation is stable, reproducible, accurate, and can be of almost any size.
Use of a murine cell line for identification of human nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Abstract Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Low concentrations of this mediator play homeostatic roles, whereas many acute and chronic responses are associated with excessive production of NO. This upregulation is due in part to the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by proinflammatory cytokines in several different cell types, including macrophages and their CNS derivative, microglia. Methods The crystal structures of the oxygenase domains of mouse and human iNOS were superimposed using the “align by homology” feature in Sybyl (SYBYL 7.0, Tripos Inc.). NOS isoform expression was assessed by TaqMan, Western blotting, and activity assays. Results We demonstrate that there is a high degree of three-dimensional overlap between the mouse and human iNOS active centers and propose that the murine isoform can serve as a suitable substitute for the human in assays. We also demonstrate that LPS stimulation of the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 induces the expression of iNOS, but not nNOS or eNOS, at the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression. Furthermore, the pharmacology and calcium dependency of the NO formation support the finding that it is due to iNOS alone. Also reported is the demonstration of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in simple cell-based and cell-free screening assays for iNOS inhibitors. Both assays were reproducible, as demonstrated by Z′ factors of 0.69 and 0.71, and had high signal to noise ratios of 11- and 6-fold for the cell-based and cell-free assay, respectively. Discussion Our computational analyses indicate that there is a high degree of three-dimensional overlap between the oxygenase domains of human and murine iNOS. This observation together with the selective induction of murine iNOS in RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrates the potential utility of the mouse iNOS assay to identify inhibitors of the human enzyme.
Role of computed tomography in screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.

One hundred patients with cirrhosis underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) using a delayed contrast technique to determine liver and spleen volume. These scans were reviewed to screen this “at risk” population for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifteen of the 100 screened patients had focal abnormalities suspicious for HCC. On biopsy, only 1 patient was shown to have HCC. The other 14 patients had either fatty infiltration or focal regeneration. In the same time interval, a total of 10 patients had histologically proven HCC. All presented with symptoms and died within 4 months of diagnosis. The results show that focal hepatic lesions can be detected by CT but in this population the lesions may not be due to HCC. The incidence of HCC was approximately 1%, probably reflecting a truly low incidence in this population.
Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin

Baseflow and precipitation in the Kickapoo River Watershed, located in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, exhibit a step increase around 1970, similar to minimum and median flows in many other central and eastern USA streams. Potential effects on streamflow due to climatic and land management changes were evaluated by comparing volumetric changes in the hydrologic budget before and after 1970. Increases in precipitation do not fully account for the increase in baseflow, which appears to be offset by a volumetric decrease in stormflow. This suggests that factors that influence the partitioning of precipitation into overland runoff or infiltration have changed. A transition from relatively more intensive to relatively less intensive agricultural land use is generally associated with higher infiltration rates, and likely influences partitioning of flow. Changes in agricultural land management practices in the Driftless Area, which began in the mid-1930s, do not coincide with the abrupt increase in baseflow around 1970. Instead, the timing of hydrologic change appears to coincide with changes in precipitation, whereas the magnitude of the change in baseflow and stormflow was likely amplified by changes in agricultural land management.
Surgical resection of nonfunctioning ventricular segments

Summary When significant occlusive disease of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery occurs, it often produces localized ventricular malfunction on the anterolateral aspect of the left ventricle. This malfunction may be manifest as severe dyskinesia, akinesia, or asynergic contraction. Modern technics of ventriculography and coronary cinearteriography allow the diagnosis of segmental ventricular malfunction. When these malfunctioning areas are located on the anterolateral aspect of the left ventricle they are accessible for surgical excision. Clinically significant noncontracting segments of the left ventricle produce measurable reduction of cardiac output and the patients are usually in chronic borderline left heart failur, unable to increase their cardiac output. This report covers our experience with resection of noncontracting segments of the left ventricle, which has included thirty-three cases. One of these was excision of an acute paradoxing myocardial infarct which occurred during open heart surgery for valve replacement. Concomitant operations for myocardial revascularization were carried out in many of these patients. This disease process appears to be progressive and an aggressive surgical approach is indicated.
Treatment of vagal injuries in resection of large glomus tumors

Abstract Postoperative dysfunction of the vagus nerve following the resection of glomus jugulare and glomus vagale tumors often results in significant morbidity. Preoperative mapping of tumor extent, approach selection, superselective angiographic embolization, intraoperative monitoring, and dissection technique are factors that may contribute to preservation of the vagus nerve. Should vagal injury occur, a number of options to restore glottic closure are available. Nerve reanastomosis, cable grafting, and nerve transfer are reinnervation techniques available to the surgeon. Vocal fold medialization is also effectively achieved through the use of arytenoid adduction, medialization thyroplasty, and vocal fold augmentation.
Renal thrombotic microangiopathy and podocytopathy associated with the use of carfilzomib in a patient with multiple myeloma

Proteasome inhibitors are a relatively new class of chemotherapeutic agents. Bortezomib is the first agent of this class and is currently being used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, recent reports have linked exposure to bortezomib with the development of thrombotic microangiopathy. A new agent in this class, carfilzomib, has been recently introduced as alternative therapy for relapsing and refractory multiple myeloma. We report a case of renal thrombotic microangiopathy associated with the use of carfilzomib in a patient with refractory multiple myeloma. A 62 year-old Caucasian man with hypertension and a 4-year history of multiple myeloma, had been previously treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib and two autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplants. After the second hematopoietic stem cell transplant, he developed acute kidney injury secondary to septic shock and required dialysis for 4 weeks. Subsequently, his serum creatinine stabilized at 2.1 mg/dL (185.64 μmol/L). Seventeen months after the second hematopoietic stem cell transplant, he was initiated on carfilzomib for relapse of multiple myeloma. Six weeks later, he developed abrupt worsening of lower extremity edema and hypertension, and new onset proteinuria. His kidney function remained stable. Kidney biopsy findings were consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy. Eight weeks after discontinuation of carfilzomib, proteinuria and hypertension improved. Due to progression of multiple myeloma, he died a few months later. In view of the previously reported association of bortezomib with thrombotic microangiopathy, the temporal association of the clinical picture with the initiation of carfilzomib, and the partial resolution of symptoms after discontinuation of the drug, we conclude that carfilzomib may have precipitated a case of clinically evident renal thrombotic microangiopathy in our patient.
Least-squares Curve-fitting of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra with Applications to Polymer Systems

A method is presented for least-squares curve-fitting of Fourier transform infrared spectra. A demonstration of the determination of xylene solution compositions illustrates the accuracy of the method. Least-squares coefficients are shown to be valuable for the analysis of several polymer systems by digital subtraction of spectra.
Deterministic Analysis of Crack Growth Rates in Carburized Steels

Abstract In view of the need to understand low cycle fatigue (LCF)-microstructure relationships in carburized steels, bending fatigue tests and fatigue modeling were conducted on carburized 4320 steel. The starting case microstructure of the specimens, directly quenched and tempered after carburizing, consisted of plate martensite and retained austenite. This paper compares linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) based models that predict crack growth rates in the transgranular crack growth region with an effective stress intensity reduction due to stress/strain induced transformation of austenite to martensite in front of the crack tip. These models more accurately predict fatigue lives than a simple linear elastic fracture mechanics model without a reduction in the stress intensity. A sensitivity analysis on the model results as a function of input parameters was also performed.
Effects of experimental and clinical noxious counterirritants on pain perception

It is commonly accepted that application of a sustained noxious stimulus frequently suppresses the perception of pain. In this investigation, we have determined whether painful forearm ischemia suppresses tooth pain resulting from an acute irreversible pulpitis. We have also determined whether the physiological responses to toothache alter the perception of pain evoked by experimental procedures. Ten male subjects experiencing a painful toothache (group TA) and 7 age-matched pain-free male subjects (group PF) participated in these studies. During session 1, heat pain threshold and tolerance values were determined for both groups. The times to ischemic pain onset and ischemic pain tolerance were determined for both groups using the submaximal effort tourniquet procedure. The effect of the tourniquet procedure on the intensity, unpleasantness, and spatial distribution of toothache was also assessed. Session 2 was conducted on 7 TA and 7 PF subjects 1 week later and was conducted like session 1 with the exception that group TA was not experiencing tooth pain during this session. Measures of thermal pain perception and forearm ischemic pain perception were not altered by the occurrence of toothache. In contrast, sustained noxious forearm ischemia produced a marked reduction in the intensity, unpleasantness and spatial distribution of pulpal pain. These effects on pulpal pain remained for at least 5 min after removal of the tourniquet while the arm was pain free. These findings suggest that a noxious conditioning stimulus does not universally inhibit pain perception but instead depends on unidentified interactions between the noxious test and conditioning stimuli.
Postpartum wound and bleeding complications in women who received peripartum anticoagulation.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to compare wound and bleeding complications between women who received anticoagulation after cesarean delivery due to history of prior venous thromboembolic disease, arterial disease, or being a thrombophilia carrier with adverse pregnancy outcome, to women not receiving anticoagulation. Methods Women in the Duke Thrombosis Center Registry who underwent cesarean delivery during 2003-2011 and received postpartum anticoagulation (anticoagulation group, n = 77), were compared with a subset of women who delivered during the same time period, but did not receive anticoagulation (no anticoagulation group, n = 77). The no anticoagulation group comprised women who were matched to the anticoagulation group by age, body mass index, type of cesarean (no labor vs. labor), and date of delivery. Bleeding and wound complications were compared between the two groups. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine if anticoagulation was an independent predictor of wound complication. Results Women who received anticoagulation during pregnancy had a greater incidence of wound complications compared to those who did not (30% vs. 8%, p Conclusions Anticoagulation following cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of post-cesarean wound complications, but not other postpartum bleeding complications.
Impacts of the 2001 World Trade Center Attack on New York City Critical Infrastructures

This study investigates impacts of the 2001 World Trade Center attack on critical infrastructure systems in the New York City metropolitan area. Of particular interest are the physical or logical connections—also known as interdependencies—among these systems, and the impacts of the attack on them. This study extends knowledge about the behavior of complex and interdependent infrastructures systems following a significant disruption. The results depict impact to all infrastructure systems as a result of the attack, with disruptions reported throughout the 3 month study period. Approximately 20% of these disruptions involved interdependencies, and a majority of infrastructure systems were involved in at least one interdependency. The results therefore suggest that interdependence is a pervasive condition of New York City’s critical infrastructures. Accordingly, approaches to planning for and managing infrastructure-related disruptions, particularly those involving interdependency, are discussed.
Measurement of the 6s − 7p transition probabilities in atomic cesium and a revised value for the weak charge QW

We have measured the $6s\ensuremath{-}{7p}_{1/2,3/2}$ transition probabilities in atomic cesium using a direct absorption technique. We use our result and other previously measured transition rates to derive an accurate value of the vector transition polarizability $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and, consequently, reevaluate the weak charge ${Q}_{W}.$ Our derived value ${Q}_{W}=\ensuremath{-}72.65(49)$ agrees with the prediction of the standard model to within one standard deviation.
Some results on the existence, uniqueness, and computation of the M-estimates of multivariate location and scatter

The M-estimates of multivariate location and scatter are a class of robust alternatives to the sample mean vector and sample covariance matrix. They also have applications to bounded influence regression. There are a number of problems, though, which need to be resolved before they can become widely applicable. This paper addresses the problems of existence, uniqueness and computation of the M-estimates for finite sample sizes.The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new algorithm for calculating the scatter component. This algorithm is essentially a fixed point algorithm with a scale adjustment made at each iteration. The algorithm is shown to converge “monotonically” and under less restrictive conditions than those demanded by previous algorithms. The existence and uniqueness of the M-estimates are also established under less restrictive conditions than those previously known. These relaxed conditions are most important for the more robust M-estimates and also when using more conserv...
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Bis(crown ether) Ionophore with a Conformationally Constrained Bridge in Ion-Selective Electrodes

A new bis(crown ether) ionophore containing two benzo-15-crown-5 moieties connected with each other via a conformationally constrained bridge attached to a C18-lipophilic side chain was designed and synthesized. The bridge consisted of an isophthalic acid derivative, which was selected in order to enhance potassium over sodium binding. Liquid-polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) based on this ionophore were prepared using different plasticizers and mole ratios of lipophilic ionic additives. Membrane electrodes with optimum composition (using o-nitrophenyloctyl ether or bis(1-butylpentyl)adipate as plasticizer and 60 mol% lipophilic borate additive) show Nernstian responses toward potassium (57 and 58 mV/decade, respectively) over a wide concentration range with a micromolar detection limit. These ISEs exhibit enhanced potassium over sodium selectivity (KpotK+,Na+=6×10-4). In addition, the electrodes show selectivities for potassium over Cs+ and NH4+ that are better than those of valinomycin-based ISEs.
Application of High Hybridization Stringency Technology to the Analysis of Putative Transgenic Fish and Their Progeny

Eight putative transgenic hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus) and their F, progeny were screened by Southern blot analysis for the presence of the bovine growth hormone transgene (bGH). Transgenic mice known to contain one copy of the bGH gene per genome were used as positive controls allowing for the determination of detection levels under high hybridization stringency conditions. At a sensitivity level of one copy per genome, the bovine growth hormone transgene was not detected in any of the experimental animals. The apparent lack of bGH transgene in the fish DNA at one copy per genome, coupled with no detectable levels of bovine growth hormone being found in either serum or whole blood of the original adults, indicates these fish are either not transgenic, or that they are mosaics and do not express the transgene. Results demonstrate the need for positive controls when conducting Southern blot analysis of potentially transgenic organisms. Mammalian models appear to be suitable positive controls and should be employed until transgenic piscine models are readily available. It is suggested that high hybridization stringency is necessary when analyzing for evolutionarily conserved transgenes such as those controlling growth hormones.
Eigenspace design of an active flutter suppression system

An active control system is designed for the suppression of wing flutter in a flight test vehicle. Eigenvalue placement is used to synthesize a full state controller which satisfies performance specifications on control surface activity and which exhibits excellent gain and phase margins. The use of limited state feedback is examined; however, it is found that a simple frequency response matching technique can be used to design a realizable compensator which reproduces the feedback properties of the full state controller. The performance of the control system using this compensator is evaluated at various flight conditions and found to be satisfactory. In addition eigenvector shaping is used to enhance the gust load alleviation capabilities of the flutter control system.
Abstract 4811: Compression-induced cell distension stimulates coordinated migration of mammary carcinoma cells

Uncontrolled cell proliferation of a solid tumor in a confined space not only creates oxidative stress (hypoxia), but also generates mechanical compressive stress, which can influence the tumor cells and modify their interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix. Little is known about how such compressive stress affects cancer progression. Here we show, for the first time, that externally-applied compressive stress results in faster migration of mammary carcinoma cells. Compression induces migration of mammary carcinoma cells in a coordinated sheet, initiated by “leader cells” - single cells at the leading edge of the sheet, extending long filopodia. The formation of leader cells is dependent on the geometry of association with neighboring cells, but the frequency of leader-cell formation - and sheet migration speed - is increased by applying compression perpendicular to the sheet. Accompanied by redistribution of fibronectin deposition, applied compression enhances cell-matrix adhesion and stabilizes cell distension independent of actomyosin contractile machinery. Our results suggest that mechanical stress accumulated during tumor growth is sufficient to enhance cell-substrate adhesion and stimulate cancer cell migration. This mechanism opens the door to a new class of targets for blocking mechanical stress pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4811.
Research Note: Identifying the Invisible Colleges of the British Journal of Industrial Relations: A Bibliometric and Social Network Approach

The academic field of industrial relations has gone through much change in the last 20 years. On account of the rapid decline in union membership in the USA and the UK, industrial relations, which historically has focused on the employment relationship, has been searching for a new intellectual base. By conducting a bibliometric analysis of the journal British Journal of Industrial Relations (BJIR), we uncover the intellectual bases for that publication outlet for two time periods, 1986–1995 and 1996–2005. From the late 1980s to the mid‐1990s, BJIR's articles relied on the economics literature, while in the later period, it moved to the human resource and management journals, authors and articles. The possible explanations and implications of these findings are discussed.
Robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair: neochordal versus resectional techniques.

Background Resectional techniques are the established method of posterior mitral valve leaflet repair for degenerative disease; however, use of neochordae in a robotically assisted approach is gaining acceptance because of its versatility for difficult multisegment disease. The purposes of this study were to compare the versatility, safety, and effectiveness of neochordal versus resectional techniques for robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair. Methods From December 2007 to July 2010, 334 patients underwent robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair for degenerative disease by a resectional (n = 248) or neochordal (n = 86) technique. Outcomes were compared both unadjusted and after propensity score matching. Results Neochordae were more likely to be used than resection in patients with two (28% versus 13%; p = 0.002) or three (3.7% versus 0.87%; p = 0.08) diseased posterior leaflet segments. Three resection patients (0.98%) but no neochordal patient required reoperation for hemodynamically significant systolic anterior motion. Residual mitral regurgitation (MR) at hospital discharge was similar for matched neochordal versus resection patients (MR 0+, 82% versus 89%; MR 1+, 14% versus 8.2%; MR 2+, 2.3% versus 2.6%; 1 neochordal patient had 4+ MR and underwent reoperation; p = 0.14). Among matched patients, postoperative mortality and morbidity were similarly low. Conclusions Compared with a resectional technique, robotic posterior mitral leaflet repair with neochordae is associated with shorter operative times and no occurrence of systolic anterior motion. The versatility, effectiveness, and safety of this repair make it a good choice for patients with advanced multisegment disease.
The Iowa State University Model Bioethics Institutes

How should universities help their life science faculty members to integrate discussions of ethics into their courses? The Iowa State University Model Bio-ethics Institutes offer one model.
Executive function and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3

Several studies have demonstrated a relation between executive functioning (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in preschoolers, yet the developmental course of this relation remains unknown. Longitudinal stability and EF–ToM relations were examined in 81 children at 24 and 39 months. At Time 1, EF was unrelated to behavioral measures of ToM but was significantly related to parent report of children’s internal-state language, independent of vocabulary size. At Time 2, behavioral batteries of EF and ToM were significantly related (r .50, p .01). Furthermore, EF (Time 1) significantly predicted ToM (Time 2), independent of several controls. A reciprocal relation (internal-state language 3 EF at Time 2) was nonsignificant with the controls included. Individual differences in EF were relatively stable.
Biomechanical Analysis of Knee Cartilage Stress for Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Every year, approximately 80,000 to 150,000 ACL tears occur.[1,2] Post-injury, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is often recommended to restore functional stability and prevent long-term joint degradation. However, while surgical techniques have improved, individuals with ACLR have been shown to have a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) and a higher rate of re-injury.[3] The higher incidence and earlier onset of knee OA in individuals who have undergone ACLR may be a result of a post-injury movement strategy that utilizes a higher degree of muscle co-contraction of the hamstrings and the quadriceps muscles during landing to increase joint stability.[4] This increased co-contraction leads to a “stiff” landing pattern, decreases shock absorption, and increases the ground reaction forces. These changes in lower extremity biomechanics also may result in higher forces which likely place the knee cartilage under greater stress and higher risk of OA development and re-injury.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
CHARACTERIZATION OF CONSTITUTIVE HSF2 DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY IN MOUSE EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELLS

Two distinct murine heat shock transcription factors, HSF1 and HSF2, have been identified. HSF1 mediates the transcriptional activation of heat shock genes in response to environmental stress, while the function of HSF2 is not understood. Both factors can bind to heat shock elements (HSEs) but are maintained in a non-DNA-binding state under normal growth conditions. Mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the only mammalian cells known to exhibit HSE-binding activity, as determined by gel shift assays, even when maintained at normal physiological temperatures. We demonstrate here that the constitutive HSE-binding activity present in F9 and PCC4.aza.R1 EC cells, as well as a similar activity found to be present in mouse embryonic stem cells, is composed predominantly of HSF2. HSF2 in F9 EC cells is trimerized and is present at higher levels than in a variety of nonembryonal cell lines, suggesting a correlation of these properties with constitutive HSE-binding activity. Surprisingly, transcription run-on assays suggest that HSF2 in unstressed EC cells does not stimulate transcription of two putative target genes, hsp70 and hsp86. Genomic footprinting analysis indicates that HSF2 is not bound in vivo to the HSE of the hsp70 promoter in unstressed F9 EC cells, although HSF2 is present in the nucleus and the promoter is accessible to other transcription factors and to HSF1 following heat shock. Thus trimerization and nuclear localization of HSF2 do not appear to be sufficient for in vivo binding of HSF2 to the HSE of the hsp70 promoter in unstressed F9 EC cells.