cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CIC-DUX sarcomas demonstrate frequent MYC amplification and ETS-family transcription factor expression

Recent molecular advances have identified a novel, clinically aggressive subgroup of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas defined molecularly by oncogenic fusion of the gene, CIC, and either DUX4 or its paralog, DUX4L, herein termed CIC-DUX sarcomas. Morphologically, CIC-DUX sarcomas are round cell sarcomas with high-grade nuclear features, including vesicular chromatin and nucleoli, patchy clear cell foci, myxoid change, and necrosis. Here, we studied a cohort of 10 cases, including 6 newly identified cases, 2 with paired metastases. Given our prior observation of trisomy 8 in these tumors, we assayed for amplification and expression of MYC (c-Myc) and representative downstream targets. Trisomy 8 was detected in 5/7 testable cases, with further amplification of MYC locus in 6/7 testable cases and immunohistochemical expression of MYC in 10/10. The canonical MYC transcriptional target, p21, but not MTDH, was differentially expressed compared with Ewing sarcomas. Given prior observation of induction of ETS-family transcription factors by the fusion oncoprotein, we assayed and identified highly prevalent positivity for ERG (9/10) and FLI1 (8/8). These findings are cautionary regarding use of these immunostains in prospective case workup, whereas the prevalent MYC amplification may represent a therapeutically targetable oncogenic pathway in CIC-DUX sarcomas.
The response of rainbow trout salmo gaird neri to aeromonas hydrophila after sublethal exposures to PCB and copper

Abstract Rainbow trout were continuously exposed to sublethal PCB concentrations of 7·3 and 14·7 μg litre −1 for 30 days and infected with A. hydrophila or sham-injected. Mortality of PCB-exposed infected fish was significantly lower than control-infected fish. Survivors of the infection at all exposure concentrations had elevated leucocrits and decreased haematocrits compared with their respective shams. PCB-exposed sham fish had significantly higher leucocrits at both concentrations and significantly lower haematocrits at 14·7 μg litre −1 compared with control-shams. Among the infected fish, leucocrits at both PCB concentrations were higher than the control, but haematocrits were not different at any concentration. No significant adverse effects on rainbow trout of copper at 10·9 and 21·5 μg litre −1 were found in a similar 30-day exposure- A. hydrophila infection study. Mortality of Cu-exposed infected fish was not different from that in control-infected fish and haematocrits and leucocrits showed no significant differences related to copper concentration.
Possible lower crustal rocks recovered on Leg 31 by deep-sea drilling in the Philippine Sea

Abstract Compressional wave velocities measured in gabbroic rocks and metabasites recovered from Site 293 of Leg 31 in the Philippine Sea (on the Central Basin Fault) are correlative with seismic velocities determined for Layer 3. The lower crustal origin for these rocks suggested by this data is further supported by the similarity between these samples, dredge haul samples from fracture zones in the main ocean basins and rocks found in ophiolite complexes. These plutonic rocks were possibly introduced to the sea floor by movements along the Central Basin Fault, a major tectonic feature in the Philippine Sea, or formed as part of new ocean crust within a leaky transform fault.
Public Participation and Agency Discretion in Rulemaking at the Federal Communications Commission

In recent years, many practitioners, policymakers, and scholars have embraced participatory politics in communications policymaking at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with the expectation that mass involvement by the public will—and should—influence regulatory outcomes. However, calls for participation may not be sufficient; a commitment to public-spirited decision making among agency officials is also needed alongside procedural safeguards for participation. The following analysis uses a Habermasian framework to move beyond participatory politics and advocates for a deliberative understanding of the role of the public and policymakers in producing legitimate outcomes. Looking at legal and legislative history of the Commission and of administrative procedure more generally, the article reconsiders the value of agency discretion and turns attention to the importance of public participation in debates about communications regulation outside the rulemaking system. If members of the public generat...
RELATIONSHIP AMONG VESSEL DIAMETER, VESSEL FREQUENCY, AND SPACING OF PARENCHYMA BANDS IN WOOD OF CARYA TOMENTOSA NUTT., MOCKERNUT HICKORY'

Vessel-lumen diameter, vessel frequency, and spacing of concentric, tangential bands of parenchyma cells follow well defined trends across annual growth rings of Carya tomentosa Nutt., mockernut hickory. These cross-ring cellular changes were correlated with each other to a considerable degree but not tightly linked. Vessel-lumen diameter decreased in a strongly linear fashion, as a function of distance from the inner ring boundary. Distance between tangential, concentric bands ofaxial wood parenchyma cells also decreased across rings, but followed a less strongly linear trend. Vessel frequency decreased abruptly after the large-pore zone and then increased to the outer ring boundary. Radial growth rate, as indicated by ring width, strongly influenced these trends. For all three cellular characteristics, the cross-ring trend was abrupt in narrow rings and more gradual in wide rings. An anomalous ring of Carya tomentosa, and three similar rings of Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, showed a decrease in interband distance and then an abrupt increase followed by another decrease to the outer ring boundary, whereas vessel diameter remained small and uniform after an initial decrease. The three cellular characteristics were concluded to be under separate physiological controls, although growth rate seems to exert a considerable, parallel influence on them.
Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride to phosgene.

Abstract Aerobic incubation of hepatic microsomal fractions in the presence of carbon tetrachloride, NADPH and cysteine resulted in the formation of phosgene which was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the adduct, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, formed by its reaction with cysteine. [ 13 C]-Carbon tetrachloride was metabolized to 2-[ 13 C]-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid the , when carbon tetrachloride was incubated in the presence of [ 18 O]-O 2 , 2- [ 18 O]-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid was formed. The reaction was inhibited by carbon monoxide showing the involvement of the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase system. The metabolism of carbon tetrachloride to phosgene may play a role in the production of hepatotoxicity by this compound.
Fragmentation of fibronectin by inherent autolytic and matrix metalloproteinase activities.

Fibronectin (FN) purified by gelatin affinity chromatography is unstable and undergoes fragmentation. The cleavage has been ascribed to inherent autolytic protease activities as well as co-purified matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Understanding the mechanism by which the proteolysis of FN occurs is important, because the FN fragments have biological activities that differ from those of intact FN. Having excluded contributions of other plasma-derived proteases, the present experiments demonstrated that cleavage of FN by MMP-2 to distinct fragments occurred in synergy with inherent FN activities. Limited heat treatment of FN at 56 °C for 30 min inactivated the inherent protease activities sharply reducing autolysis of FN in a manner similar to that seen in the presence of serine proteinase inhibitors. Heat treatment did not alter cell attachment to FN, but significantly increased the susceptibility of FN to enzymatic cleavage by MMP-2. The carboxyl-terminal hemopexin-like domain (PEX) of MMP-2 was shown to possess critical exodomain properties required for the interactions of MMP-2 with FN, and FN was cleaved at a significantly reduced rate by an MMP-2 variant with deletion of PEX. Verifying the specificity of interactions, isolated PEX competed FN cleavage by MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. These results have further elucidated the synergistic contributions of inherent autolytic serine protease-like activities and MMP-2 to fragmentation of FN and provide the rationale and basis for modified preparation and handling of FN used in biological research.
Accounting for Inbreeding and Crossbreeding in Genetic Evaluation of Large Populations

Abstract Inbreeding coefficients for 9.3million registered Holsteins were computed by constructing a small relationship matrix for each animal and its ancestors instead of one large matrix for the whole population. Recent cows averaged 2.0% inbreeding if each pedigree path was extended to the most recent ancestor born before 1960. Inbreeding was underestimated because some pedigrees included unknown ancestors more recent than the defined base year. Alternative estimates of inbreeding can be derived by assigning mean relationship and inbreeding of known ancestors to unknown ancestors of the same period. Animals of different breeds are less related than animals of the same breed. Relationships and inbreeding within and across populations can be measured back to the common base population from which the breeds arose by treating earliest known ancestors within each breed as related and inbred. Increased heterozygosity and heterosis of crossbred animals are then predicted from their lower inbreeding coefficients. Relationship matrices that include related and inbred unknown-parent groups treated as random or fixed effects can be constructed and inverted quickly.
The Russian Orthodox Church: Opportunity and trouble

Abstract The opening of the Soviet archives has enabled scholars to correct some previously held misconceptions about the history of the Russian Orthodox Church since World War II. Western observers had mostly believed that the Russian Orthodox Church had 20–25 000 churches in the 1950s, while the real number was 13 000–14 000. The losses during Khrushchev's antireligious drive were 44 per cent of the parishes. Brezhnev's period of stagnation witnessed a further erosion, followed by a recovery in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, the resurgence of church institutional life has slowed, as the Church struggles with schism, a calamitous financial situation and an immense shortage of priests.
Thermodynamic properties and stability of grain boundaries in metals based on the universal equation of state at negative pressure

Abstract Adopting a free volume approach at negative pressure of the universal equation of state, the thermodynamic properties of unrelaxed grain boundaries are determined for f.c.c., b.c.c. and h.c.p. metals including the excess energy, excess enthalpy, the bulk modulus, the Gruneisen parameter and consequently, the excess entropy and Gibbs free energy. A mechanical instability of a grain boundary is predicted based on the Gibbs stability criteria at an excess volume of about 0.45, corresponding to a scaled atomic separation of 0.7. The calculations suggest that grain boundaries with an excess volume close to this mechanical instability condition are entropy stabilized and can become more stable than boundaries with small excess volume at elevated temperatures. Taking the entropy of sublimation as an upper limit of the grain boundary entropy in order to prevent an entropy catastrophe, this state is separated by the single crystal state at elevated temperatures by an energy barrier on the order of 1 eV.
The electromagnetic optical theorem revisited

We revisit the optical theorem relevant to the far-field electromagnetic scattering by an arbitrary particle. We compute both the Poynting vector and the energy density of the total field and demonstrate once again that, despite a recent claim to the contrary, the extinction is caused by the interference of the incident and the forward-scattered field. However, caution must be exercised when one describes electromagnetic scattering using a formalism based on the coherency dyad since this approach may lead to unphysical artifacts.
Seismic design for enhanced building performance using rocking steel braced frames

Abstract Performance-based seismic design has brought about innovative rocking and self-centering structural systems such as rocking steel braced frames (RBF). This lateral force resisting system has recently received focused attention in academic research however has seen limited application in practice to date. This may be due in part to the unconventional load path, plastic mechanisms, and unique dynamic characteristics of the system. The transfer of forces through a RBF with passive energy dissipating devices (steel yielding and viscous) is described and a simplified approach proposed to quantify peak dynamic deformation and force response. Enhanced performance can be achieved by including viscous damping devices over hysteretic devices and post-tensioning (proposed in previous research). The dynamic response of RBF are evaluated through nonlinear transient finite element seismic analyses with ground motion sets. Additionally, the demands placed on non-structural components contained on each building floor was investigated through the computational model by calculating critical response quantities such as inter-story drift, peak floor acceleration, and floor spectra. Structural and non-structural demands are compared with a buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) to illustrate the differences in seismic behavior and potential benefits of a well-designed rocking steel braced frame.
Servo characteristics of a rectifier-driven motor

THERE ARE A significant number of applications of d-c motors in which either the armature power, field excitation, or both, are supplied by one or more controlled rectifiers. In one type of servomechanism system, the speed of the motor is controlled through the armature power by a controlled rectifier; in another type, the motor speed is controlled by the action of a controlled rectifier upon the field excitation. Previous papers1,2 have been written wherein an analysis is made of the case where the armature power is supplied by a controlled rectifier under steady-state conditions. To the engineer interested in employing the d-c motor and controlled-rectifier combination as a prime mover in a closed-loop control system, the steady-state analysis is significant but not necessarily sufficient.
Genetic studies in Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract HLA associations with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), previously defined by serologic HLA typing, are reviewed. Because the SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La autoantibody responses in SS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show even stronger correlations with HLA alleles, HLA-DR and DQ alleles were examined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in white and black patients with SS and/or SS having anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. The strongest associations across ethnic lines were with HLA-DR3, DQw2 and DQw1.2 (DQw6), especially the DQw1.2 (DQw6)/Dqw2 heterozygous state. HLA-DQw3 was relatively decreased. These data suggest that HLA-DQ is most likey responsible for these abnormal autoantibody responses. In addition, multiplex family studies of Ro antibodies demonstrates the requirement for both HLA and non-MHC effects.
Small bowel faeces sign in patients without small bowel obstruction

Aim To evaluate frequency and clinical relevance of the ‘small bowel faeces’ sign (SBFS) on computed tomography (CT) in patients with and without small bowel obstruction (SBO) presenting with acute abdominal or acute abdominal and flank pain. Methods Abdominal CTs of consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal or flank pain over a 6 month period were retrospectively reviewed by six radiologists, independently, for the presence of the SBFS. Examinations with positive SBFS were further evaluated in consensus by three radiologists, blinded to the final diagnosis. The small bowel was graded as non-dilated ( 4 cm) dilated. The location of SBFS and presence of distal small bowel collapse indicative of SBO was recorded. Imaging findings were subsequently correlated with the final diagnosis via chart review and compared between patients with and without SBO. Results Of 1642 CT examinations, a positive SBFS was found in 100 (6%) studies. Of 100 patients with a positive SBFS, 32 (32%) had documented SBO. The remaining 68 patients had other non-obstructive diagnoses. SBFS was located in proximal, central, distal and multisegmental bowel loops in one (3.1%), eight (25.0%), 21 (65.6%) and two (6.3%) patients with SBO, and in zero (0%), 10 (14.7%), 53 (77.9%) and five (7.4%) of patients without SBO ( p p p p p Conclusion A SBFS is more frequent in patients presenting with acute abdominal/flank pain without bowel obstruction. When seen in association with moderate or severe small bowel dilatation, a SBFS is significantly more common in patients with SBO. When a SBFS is associated with normal or mildly dilated small bowel, the majority of patients have no bowel obstruction.
Magnetic resonance scans should replace biopsies for the diagnosis of diffuse brain stem gliomas: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.

ABSTRACTCHILDREN'S CANCER GROUP Protocol CCG-9882 was designed to determine the effectiveness of hyperfractionated radiation for the treatment of children and young adults with brain stem gliomas. The study opened for the accrual of patients on September 21, 1988, and was closed on June 30, 1991. Th
Left Ventricular Regional Myocyte Contractility in Normal and Heart Failure States

Fundamental determinants of left ventricular (LV) pump performance are preload, afterload and myocyte contractility. Regional variability in LV end systolic wall stress, an important index of LV afterload, has been well defined in both control and congestive heart failure (CHF) states. The goal of this study was to examine end systolic wall stress and myocyte contractile function in three circumferential regions of the LV in both control and CHF states. Accordingly, LV end systolic wall stress and myocyte velocity of shortening were measured from the basal, mid and apical regions in control pigs (n=5) and following the induction of pacing-induced CHF (3 weeks, 240 beats/min,n=5). LV mid wall, circumferential, end systolic wall stress decreased from base to apex in both control (35±7v16±4 g/cm2,P<0.05) and CHF (155±23v92±24 g/cm2,P<0.05) states. In the CHF group, LV end systolic wall stress was elevated by 300% compared to control values in all regions. LV myocyte velocity of shortening was equivalent in the basal and mid regions of control myocytes (52±2v57±2 m/s), and was higher in the apical region (63±3μm/s,P<0.05). In the CHF group, LV myocyte velocity of shortening was reduced by 45% compared to controls with no regional variation.β-adrenergic stimulation increased myocyte velocity in both the control and CHF groups, however, regional variation was observed only in the CHF group. These unique results demonstrated that minimal regional variations in myocyte contractile function exist in both control and congestive heart failure states, and does not necessarily parallel patterns of regional LV end systolic wall stress.
Activation of the protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR)-1 induces motoneuron degeneration in the developing avian embryo.

Several studies have shown that both neuronal and glial cells express functional thrombin receptors as well as prothrombin transcripts. Recently, we (and others) have shown that α-thrombin induces apoptotic cell death in different neuronal cell types, including motoneurons, in culture. Thrombin-induced effects on different cells are mediated through the cell surface protease-activated thrombin receptor, PAR-I. Furthermore, it has been shown that, in contrast to thrombin, which induces proteolysis of other proteins besides its receptor, the thrombin receptor agonist peptide, serine-phenylalanine-leucine-leucine-arginine-asparagine-proline (SFLLRNP), is only known to activate this receptor. However, whether activation of the thrombin receptor in vivo affects the development of spinal cord motoneurons is not known. Here, we show that treatment with a synthetic SFLLRNP peptide induced a dose-dependent degeneration and death of spinal motoneurons both in highly enriched cultures and in the developing chick embryo in vivo. However, cotreatment with caspase inhibitors completely abolished SFLLRNP-induced motoneuron death both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that developing motoneurons express functionally active PAR-I whose activation leads to cell death through stimulation of the caspase family of proteins. Our findings also suggest a novel and deleterious role for PAR-like receptors in the central nervous system, different from their previously known functions in the vascular and circulatory system.
Optimizing datacenter power with memory system levers for guaranteed quality-of-service

Co-location of applications is a proven technique to improve hardware utilization. Recent advances in virtualization have made co-location of independent applications on shared hardware a common scenario in datacenters. Co-location, while maintaining Quality-of-Service (QoS) for each application is a complex problem that is fast gaining relevance for these datacenters. The problem is exacerbated by the need for effective resource utilization at datacenter scales. In this work, we show that the memory system is a primary bottleneck in many workloads and is a more effective focal point when enforcing QoS. We examine four different memory system levers to enforce QoS: two that have been previously proposed, and two novel levers. We compare the effectiveness of each lever in minimizing power and resource needs, while enforcing QoS guarantees. We also evaluate the effectiveness of combining various levers and show that this combined approach can yield power reductions
Selective cation exchange in substituted tobermorites

Selective cation exchange in tobermorites with three levels of Al3+ and Na+ substitution for Si4+ has been investigated. The cation exchange selectivity for a tobermorite with 2 mol% Al3+ and 0 mol% Na+ substitution increased as follows: Mg2+ > Ba2+ > Sr2+. Cation exchange in the above tobermorite is postulated to take place mainly from edge and planar surface sites and apparently from interlayer Ca2+ sites. Tobermorites with 10 and 15 mol% Al3+ (and Na+) substitution have additional Na+ exchange sites in the interlayers and show the following selectivity: Ba2+ > Sr2+ > Mg2+. The cation exchange selectivity in the substituted tobermorites can be explained by the hydrated radii of cations and the steric limitations of the ion exchange cavity in tobermorite; the latter was determined by 27Al and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These basic selective cation exchange studies of substituted tobermorites are of relevance in nuclear waste treatment and disposal.
Lactic Acid Concentration and Microbial Spoilage in Anaerobically and Aerobically Stored Ground Beef

Lactic acid concentration of coarsely ground beef, packaged in low oxygen permeability casings, is inversely related to sensory acceptability of the meat following regrinding and aerobic storage for six additional days. Samples, reground and stored aerobically after periods of anaerobic storage, were assayed for total aerobic bacterial counts, percentage of gram-positive microflora, and pH. Lactic acid concentration ranged from 130 to 1055 mg per 100g ground beef and increased with anaerobic storage. During 6 days of aerobic storage, both increases and decreases in concentration were noted and related to changes in microbial flora. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of gram-positive bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) and lactic acid and pH.
Projections of substance P-immunoreactive neurons located in the ventromedial medulla to the A7 noradrenergic nucleus of the rat demonstrated using retrograde tracing combined with immunocytochemistry

Stimulation of neurons located in the ventromedial medulla (VMM), including the nucleus raphe magnus (RMg), produces antinociception which appears to be mediated in part by activation of spinally-projecting noradrenergic neurons located in the A7 catecholamine nucleus. Although the identity of the VMM neurons that project to the A7 nucleus is not known, there is indirect evidence that these neurons contain substance P. This possibility was examined by injecting the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold into the A7 nucleus and determining whether substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the VMM were labeled with Fluoro-Gold. The results of these experiments demonstrated that numerous substance P-immunoreactive cells in the RMg, gigantocellular reticular nucleus pars alpha and the paragigantocellular reticular nucleus were retrogradely labeled by an injection of Fluoro-Gold into the A7 nucleus. These observations indicate that substance P-containing neurons in these areas of the VMM project to the A7 nucleus. Thus, the antinociception induced by stimulation of the VMM may be mediated by activation of substance P-containing neurons that project to and activate spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons in the A7 nucleus.
Oligodendrogenesis is differentially regulated in gray and white matter of jimpy mice

The factors that regulate oligodendrogenesis have been studied extensively in optic nerve, where oligodendrocyte production and myelination quickly follow colonization of the nerve by progenitor cells. In contrast, oligodendrocyte production in the cerebral cortex begins approximately 1 week after progenitor cell colonization and continues for 3-4 weeks. This and other observations raise the possibility that oligodendrogenesis is regulated by different mechanisms in white and gray matter. The present study examined oligodendrocyte production in the developing cerebral cortex of jimpy (jp) and jimpy(msd) (msd) mice, which exhibit hypomyelination and oligodendrocyte death due to mutations in and toxic accumulations of proteolipid protein, the major structural protein of CNS myelin. Proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and production of myelinating oligodendrocytes was reduced in jp cerebral cortex when compared to wild-type (wt) and msd mice. The incidence of oligodendrocyte cell death was similar in jp and msd cortex, but total dying oligodendrocytes were greater in msd. We confirm previous reports of increased oligodendrocyte production in white matter of both jp and msd mice. The jp mutation, therefore, reduces oligodendrocyte production in cerebral cortex but not in white matter. These data provide additional evidence that oligodendrogenesis is differentially regulated in white matter and gray matter and implicate PLP/DM20 as a modulator of these differences.
The step response of continuous-time systems

In this paper, we will prove that a causal, linear, continuous-time, time-invariant system is bounded if the step response is a function of bounded variation. We then present an example of a causal, linear, continuous-time, time-invariant, bounded operator that does not have an impulse response in the normal sense. The example system response to an impulse input signal is zero and the impulse response does not contain any impulse functions. Hence, the continuous-time operators have a more complex structure than our intuition has led us to believe.
Paging on an object-oriented personal computer

@; programming environment are both to decrease the average page fault rate and to minimize the pauses caused by clusters of page faults. We have applied program restructuring techniques to the Smalltalk-80 object memory in order to improve the locality of reference. The analysis in this paper considers the clustering of page faults over time and distinguishes between steady-state behavior and phase transitions. We compare the effectiveness of different restructuring strategies in reducing the amount of main memory needed to obtain desired levels of performance.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF AREA CONSERVATION TO AREA MEASUREMENT AS AFFECTED BY SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION OF PIAGETIAN AREA TASKS TO BOYS AND GIRLS IN GRADES ONE THROUGH THREE

Piaget (1960), in his research concerned with how a child develops an understanding of the concepts of area conservation and area measurement, concluded that a child's construction of both concepts develops gradually through stages and that conservation concepts precede measurement concepts. The approximate ages at which different levels of concepts were acquired by children were indicated. Flavell (1963) has discussed the fact that Piaget's studies fail to provide information as to the backgrounds, sex, intelligence levels, or testing experiences of the children. Hence, in order to investigate certain aspects of Piaget's theory of cognitive development in area, this study standardized procedures by administering to the same child a modified version of the three area conservation tasks and two area measure
How to play bowling in parallel on the grid

Abstract Suppose that there are m players each situated at a node of a two-dimensional grid. Every player would like to play bowling by rolling the ball towards one of the boundaries of the grid. Clearly, the paths used by the players should be perpendicular to the boundaries and nonintersecting. We would like to maximize the number of players that are able to play, namely, to find an assignment, of maximum cardinality, of paths to players. Hence, we are interested in solving the following geometrical problem: given a set of m distinguished nodes in a two-dimensional grid, determine a set of non-intersecting straight lines of maximum cardinality such that every line starts at one of the distinguished nodes and connects it to one of the boundaries of the grid. Our main result is an O ( m 3 ) algorithm for solving the problem which is the first known polynomial time algorithm for this problem.
Becoming a nun, becoming a man : Taiwanese Buddhist nuns' gender transformation

This article explores apparent contradictions in the gender identifications of Taiwanese Buddhist nuns. Because the texts and teachings of their tradition provide conflicting messages about women's spiritual abilities, the nuns create a complex gender cosmology as a means of accommodating textual contradictions, without rejecting any textual statements. This strategy allows the nuns to assert that they have spiritual abilities equal to those of men, without rejecting or contradicting textual statements that they do not. Without denying that they are women, and that they are therefore threatening to men, the nuns primarily identify themselves with the male gender. Compartmentalising and contextualising gender symbols allow the nuns to see themselves both as men and as women without contradiction.
Cross-linking and ultrathin grafted gradation of fluorinated polymers synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition to prevent surface reconstruction.

Poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)s with long perfluorooctyl pendant groups have been found to lead to the release of biopersistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Those with no more than six perfluorinated carbons in pedant groups do not cause such problems. They, however, give poor dynamic water repellency due to extensive reorganization of surface fluorinated groups when exposed to the water interface. In this work, thin films exhibiting improved dynamic water repellency, as evidenced by water contact angle (WCA) measurements, were synthesized via substrate-independent initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) from 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl acrylate (C6PFA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) using two methods: copolymerization and ultrathin grafted gradation. The copolymerization between C6PFA and the cross-linker, DVB, was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cross-linking is concluded to hinder the reorganization of surface fluorinated groups. The gr...
Rotation-Induced Resonance and Second-Order Quadrupolar Effects on Spin Locking of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei

Abstract The dynamics of spin locking for half-integer quadrupolar nuclei under sample rotation is investigated. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the spin-locking efficiency decreases significantly when the MAS rotation frequency is equal to the amplitude of the spin-locking RF field. This can be explained as a rotation-induced resonance effect. It is demonstrated that the second-order quadrupole interaction plays an important role in reducing the spin-locking efficiency and causes a significant lineshape distortion. The behavior of spin locking under DOR is shown to be similar to that under MAS. Based on this understanding of the spin-locking dynamics, an27Al CPDOR spectrum for the molecular sieve AlPO4-11 was obtained with a good signal-to-noise ratio.
University excellence: Students' academic reform beliefs

In this study of 460 SIU-C students conducted in May 1973, five topics are explored. First, to what extent do these students view the academic community as taking the quest for academic excellence seriously? Second, how do these students rate various components of the university regarding academic excellence? Third, who do these students perceive as the source of leadership in the university concerning the achievement of excellence? Fourth, how long do these students feel it will take for excellence to be effected in the university, and how much change must result for excellence to occur? Last, for excellence to be achieved, what types of qualitative changes must occur, and how will the university differ qualitatively if excellence is effected? The results of this study are discussed within a political model of the academic system, treating the university as a political system and students as quasi-citizens who possess a rudimentary academic belief system.
Energy release model of compaction band propagation

[1] The elastic strain energy released per unit advance of a compaction band in an infinite layer of thickness h is used to identify and assess quantities relevant to propagation of isolated compaction bands observed in outcrop. If the elastic moduli of the band and the surrounding host material are similar and the band is much thinner than the layer, the energy released is simply σ+ξhep where σ+ is the compressive stress far ahead of the band edge, ξh is the thickness of the band and ep is the uniaxial inelastic compactive strain in the band. Using representative values inferred from field data yields an energy release rate of 40 kJ/m2, which is roughly comparable with compaction energies inferred from axisymmetric compression tests on notched sandstone samples. This suggests that a critical value of the energy release rate may govern propagation, although the particular value is likely to depend on the rock type and details of the compaction process.
OUTLIER DIAGNOSTICS IN TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

. Cook's likelihood displacement is a convenient measure of the impact of a model perturbation on parameter estimates. A commonly used model perturbation in regression is the deletion of a case, or equation. A natural model perturbation in the time series context is the deletion of an observation, or a group of observations. Diagnostics that measure the impact of individual observations on the time series estimates are explored in this paper. A diagnostic that compares the estimates of the innovation variance with and without a particular observation is studied in detail.
Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

The distribution, habitat and food preferences of two partially sympatric high intertidal isopods, Ligia pallasii and Ligia occidentalis, were investigated. A survey along the Eastern Pacific coast indicated species-specific site preferences as evidenced by a mosaic pattern of distribution with few sites of co-occurrence. Ligia pallasii preferred sites with rocky cliffs and caves that may provide a thermal refuge for the northern species, whereas L. occidentalis apparently is a habitat generalist of rocky shores. Differences in reproductive patterns exist: L. occidentalis reproduced once annually in spring and summer, but gravid females of L. pallasii were observed throughout the year. Feeding experiments did not indicate any significant differences in diets; both isopod species fed mainly on seaweed and diatoms but preferred rare protein sources when available.
Prevalence and beta diversity in avian malaria communities: host species is a better predictor than geography

Summary 1. Patterns of diversity and turnover in macroorganism communities can often be predicted from differences in habitat, phylogenetic relationships among species and the geographical scale of comparisons. In this study, we asked whether these factors also predict diversity and turnover in parasite communities. 2. We studied communities of avian malaria in two sympatric, ecologically similar, congeneric host species at three different sites. We asked whether parasite prevalence and community structure varied with host population, host phylogeography or geographical distance. 3. We used PCR to screen birds for infections and then used Bayesian methods to determine phylogenetic relationships among malaria strains. Metrics of both community and phylogenetic beta diversity were used to examine patterns of malaria strain turnover between host populations, and partial Mantel tests were used determine the correlation between malaria beta diversity and geographical distance. Finally, we developed microsatellite markers to describe the genetic structure of host populations and assess the relationship between host phylogeography and parasite beta diversity. 4. We found that different genera of malaria parasites infect the two hosts at different rates. Within hosts, parasite communities in one population were phylogenetically clustered, but there was otherwise no correlation between metrics of parasite beta diversity and geographical or genetic distance between host populations. Patterns of parasite turnover among host populations are consistent with malaria transmission occurring in the winter rather than on the breeding grounds. 5. Our results indicate greater turnover in parasite communities between different hosts than between different study sites. Differences in host species, as well as transmission location and vector ecology, seem to be more important in structuring malaria communities than the distance–decay relationships frequently found in macroorganisms. Determining the factors affecting parasite community diversity and turnover has wide-ranging implications for understanding the selective pressures shaping host ecology and ecosystem structure. This study shows that metrics of community and phylogenetic beta diversity can be useful tools for disentangling the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie geographical variation in parasite communities.
Utilizing the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Resources to Teach Ethical Writing Skills to Undergraduates in STEM Courses

Review of: Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) resources for potential use as a tool for teaching ethical writing in a STEM classroom: http://publicationethics.org/ .
Polytope models for local icosahedral packing: An electronic structure analysis

The electronic properties of recently developed icosahedral packing schemes using polytope /3,3,5/ (a packing of atoms on S/sub 3/, the surface of the unit sphere in four dimensions, with perfect icosahedral symmetry) are analyzed within the framework of a d-band, tight-binding model. It is shown that there is a one-parameter family of prescriptions for defining the interatomic couplings, which preserves the icosahedral symmetry and generalizes earlier schemes. The bonding energies for several representative cases are calculated and compared to those in the fcc structure. The results are extremely sensitive to the prescription used to define the couplings.
Rainless West: The Integrity Survey’s Role in Agency Accountability

This study seeks to test the capacity to measure individual agency integrity using the theoretical perspective and police integrity instrument developed by Klockars and colleagues. Specifically, sworn officers in a large U.S. municipal law enforcement agency evaluated 11 vignettes describing various forms of police misconduct, from police corruption and the use of excessive force to perjury and planting of evidence. Although our study in Rainless West yields a picture of police integrity that is largely similar to those reported for the three police agencies participating in the study by Klockars and colleagues, we detect substantial differences in the levels of integrity associated with the least serious forms of misconduct. Rainless West offers a lesson for institutions seeking to raise police accountability to explore integrity not only as it applies to the most serious forms of misconduct, but also as it applies to the least serious forms of misconduct.
Recorded lower esophageal pressures as a function of electronic sleeve placement and location of gastric pressure measurement in patients with hiatal hernia.

P < 0.001. When the eSleeve encompassed the LES and CD, the respiratory minimum pressure was 12.2 ± 0.9 mmHg and mean pressure was 23.9 ± 1.0 mmHg pressure (P < 0.001 for both). Pressure in the hernia pouch was greater than intragastric pressure: respiratory minimum 3.0 ± 0.7 mmHg and mean 9.0 ± 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.001 for both). pH studies showed a trend toward an association between abnormal distal esophagus acid exposure and lower resting LESP.
Risperidone was effective for aggression in adolescents with disruptive behaviour disorders and below average intelligence

(2001) J Clin Psychiatry 62, 239. Buitelaar JK, van der Gaag RJ, Cohen-Kettenis P . , et al. . A randomized controlled trial of risperidone in the treatment of aggression in hospitalized adolescents with subaverage cognitive abilities. . Apr; . : . –48 . [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] QUESTION: In hospitalised young adolescents with disruptive behaviour disorders and below average intelligence, is risperidone effective and safe for treating aggression? Randomised {allocation concealed*}†, blinded (clinicians, teachers, patients, psychologists, laboratory personnel, and trial monitor}†;*, placebo controlled trial with 6 weeks of follow up. 2 tertiary referral centres in the Netherlands. 38 patients who were 12–18 years of age (mean age 14 y, 87% boys), had overt aggressive behaviour persisting during hospitalisation (score ≥1 on the modified Overt Aggression Scale [OAS-M] rated by nurses); aggressive behaviour not responding to behavioural treatment; clinical indication for study drug; a principal DSM-IV diagnosis of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; and a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient of 60–90 on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Exclusion criteria included neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, or hepatic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Bpsychiatry%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BClin%2BPsychiatry%26rft.aulast%253DBuitelaar%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BK.%26rft.volume%253D62%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D239%26rft.epage%253D248%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Brandomized%2Bcontrolled%2Btrial%2Bof%2Brisperidone%2Bin%2Bthe%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Baggression%2Bin%2Bhospitalized%2Badolescents%2Bwith%2Bsubaverage%2Bcognitive%2Babilities.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11379837%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11379837&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F5%2F1%2F11.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000168709100005&link_type=ISI
Patient Activity After Hip Arthroplasty: State of the Art, Current Knowledge, and Guidelines

Patient activity after total hip arthroplasty or resurfacing is an increasingly important issue facing the hip surgeons. The patients requiring hip surgery are becoming younger and more active as the generation of baby boomers begins to reach retirement age. It is important to manage patient expectations and discuss with them the realistic outcomes. This work reviews what is known to examine the effects of patient activity on implant survival and the ability of patients to return to recreation after surgery. The current consensus guidelines based on surveys of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and the Hip Society membership are described.
Antibiotic Treatment Failures in Acute Otitis Media

When the clinician is presented with apparent treatment failure, noncompliance must be considered first. If this is the problem, the medication should be reinstituted after the parents are counseled. Next, the possibility of a superimposed viral illness also must be considered. When satisfied that these are not the problems, the clinician must consider whether the MEE has created so much positive pressure that antimicrobials cannot completely penetrate the middle ear space. If positive pressure is considered the problem, the same or another antimicrobial should be continued for a second 10-day course, allowing the pressure to decrease with time permitting more complete antibiotic penetration into the MEE. Alternately, clinicians with appropriate training may elect to relieve the pressure by tympanocentesis or myringotomy. If the clinician decides that it is more likely that the patient has a pathogen resistant to the initial choice of an antimicrobial agent, a second course of a more potent second-line antimicrobial is appropriate. Patients who fail a second course of antimicrobials should receive an alternate second-line antimicrobial or undergo drainage of the middle ear abscess. Those who fail a third course of antimicrobials should be referred to an otolaryngologist for evaluation or surgical intervention. Antimicrobials should be continued until the consultation occurs. This article has outlined potential clinical presentations for treatment failures as well as choices for second-line antibiotics. The relation of anatomic, environmental, microbial, and antimicrobial factors in persistent AOM must be considered in order to determine if the clinician should do more than merely prescribe second-line antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
"Artificial grammar learning" in pigeons: a preliminary analysis.

An avian analogue to human artificial or synthetic grammar learning (Reber, 1967) was developed. Pigeons viewed horizontal strings of three to eight colored letters. These strings either conformed to Reber's artificial grammar or violated it in one or two locations. Pigeons categorized the letter strings as grammatical (left keypeck) or nongrammatical (right keypeck). Overall accuracy of categorization was above chance to both familiar training strings and to novel transfer strings, thereby satisfying a conventional criterion for learning an abstract concept. The results support a multiple mechanisms point of view according to which pigeons, like humans, learn both abstract concepts and specific strings, or specific parts of strings, in artificial grammar learning tasks.