cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRECISION LOW ENERGY WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENT EXPERIMENTS

Precision measurements of weak neutral current amplitudes at are a sensitive probe of contact interactions arising from new high energy physics. Such measurements significantly enhance the analysis of precision data on the Z0 resonance, permitting tests of the running of the electroweak coupling constants. The behavior of the coupling constants as a function of Q2 can reveal the presence of many possible new physics scenarios, such as new gauge bosons, superparticles and substructure; some of these effects are difficult to observe on the Z0 pole. In order to probe energy scales up to 1 TeV, future low Q2 measurements must be precise enough to measure electroweak radiative corrections. Two experimental programs which aim to reach this sensitivity are deep inelastic neutrino nucleon scattering and atomic parity violation experiments. Another important technique is polarized electron scattering off unpolarized targets. We review the current status and future prospects of such measurements. We present an experimental design to measure the left-right parity violating asymmetry in polarized Moller scattering (e−e−→e−e−), which could constitute the most precise measurement of the weak mixing angle at .
Transient Studies of Oxygen Removal Pathways and Catalytic Redox Cycles during NO Decomposition on Cu−ZSM5

The identity of reactive intermediates and of active sites and the details of redox cycles and oxygen removal pathways during NO decomposition on well-characterized Cu−ZSM5 were examined by combining previous spectroscopic and steady-state kinetic studies with measurements of the rate of evolution of NO, N2O, NO2, N2, and O2 during isothermal and nonisothermal kinetic transients. The oxygen coverages measured during reversible isothermal switches from He to NO/He mixtures showed that NO decomposition involves bimolecular reactions of two NO molecules adsorbed on vicinal Cu+ species with the formation of N2O as the initial product near ambient temperature. These vicinal Cu+ species form via oxygen removal from {Cu2+−O2-−Cu2+}2+ to form {Cu+−□−Cu+}2+ using NO2 as an oxygen carrier among distant oxidized dimers. Adsorbed nitrate (NO3*) is the kinetically relevant intermediate in the formation of O2 during NO decomposition. This NO3* decomposition reaction is one of the steps involved in the equilibrated form...
Simulation and Experimental Analysis of a Portable Powered Ankle-Foot Orthosis Control

A portable powered ankle-foot orthosis (PPAFO) was previously developed using off-the-shelf pneumatic components to explore new opportunities for fluid power in human assist devices. The untethered pneumatically powered ankle-foot orthosis provides both motion control and torque assistance at the ankle via a binary, event-based control scheme that uses solenoid valves. While stable, the binary actuation of the solenoid valves that results from this approach limits the overall performance of the system. This paper addresses the limitations of the current system using a modeling approach for both hardware and control design. Hardware and control configurations were first evaluated using simulations of the modeled PPAFO and shank-foot system during a simplified functional gait task: assistive propulsive torque during stance. These simulations demonstrated that the introduction of a proportional valve and new control architecture resulted in PPAFO performance improvements during the task. These results were then confirmed experimentally with the PPAFO attached to a physical model of a shank and foot.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy: decision analysis comparing six strategies

Abstract Objective: To compare six published methods of diagnosing ectopic pregnancy. Methods: Decision analysis compared six diagnostic algorithms involving combinations of clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasound, serum progesterone, serum hCG, and DC no ectopic pregnancy was missed, only 1% of all potential intrauterine pregnancies were interrupted, and time to diagnosis averaged 1.46 days. Quantitative hCG measurement followed by ultrasound only in women with hCG levels above the discriminatory zone was optimal if sensitivity of ultrasound to diagnose intrauterine pregnancy was less than 93%. Serum progesterone measurement was not favored because it was associated with missed ectopic pregnancies (2.6%). Conclusion: Given the current accuracy of tests for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy, algorithms using a combination of ultrasound and hCG resulted in the best outcomes. Ultrasound as the first step was the most efficient and accurate method of diagnosing ectopic pregnancies.
σ receptors on NCB-20 hybrid neurotumor cells labeled with (+)[3H]SKF 10,047 and (+)[3H]3-PPP

(+)[3H]SKF 10,047 and (+)[3H]3-PPP label a homogeneous population of sites in NCB-20 cell membranes that apparently represent benzomorphan specific binding sites previously reported for this cell line. Their drug specificity indicates that these sites are very similar to σ receptor binding sites labeled in brain tissues by these ligands and do not represent PCP receptors.
MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF RESTRICTIVE MONETARY POLICY

SUMMARY The paper explores the incidence of restrictive monetary policy on firms of different market structures. It is argued that in the period of tight money, firms with backlogs are less likely to suffer a loss of sales or profit than those without backlogs because of the ability of the former to shift future production to the current period. Since firms with backlogs can only be found in the oligopolistic sector, we conclude that the burden of the restrictive monetary policy is more likely to fall on the firms in the competitive sector than those in the oligopolistic one.
Evaluation of a radial diffusion plate method for determining serum immunoglobulin levels in normal and congenitally infected infants

Immunoglobulins were quantitated by a radial diffusion plate method. The values obtained on 2,600 cord sera, when submitted to statistical analysis, showed the technique to be both simple and satisfactory, provided a number of safeguards are taken to minimize the relatively large coefficient of variation in results obtained when sera with low IgM levels are tested. Elevation of cord IgM values was noted in 18 per cent of 88 infants with rubella tested, and principally in those with the more severe manifestations of the syndrome. Immunoglobulin values in 182 sera collected during the first 6 months of life were elevated in approximately half of the infants with rubella.
Protective Role of STAT3 in NMDA and Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Death: Negative Regulatory Effect of SOCS3

The present study investigates the involvement of the IL-6 family of cytokines, activation of the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3), and the role of Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling-3 (SOCS3) in regulating excitotoxic neuronal death in vitro. Biochemical evidence demonstrates that in primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, IL-6 cytokine family members, OSM and IL-6 plus the soluble IL-6R (IL-6/R), prevent NMDA and glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity. As well, OSM and IL-6/R induce tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT3 in primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. Studies using Pyridine 6 (P6), a pan-JAK inhibitor, demonstrate that the protective effect of OSM and IL-6/R on neuronal death is mediated by the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. In parallel to STAT3 phosphorylation, OSM and IL-6/R induce SOCS3 expression at the mRNA and protein level. P6 treatment inhibits SOCS3 expression, indicating that STAT3 is required for OSM and IL-6/R-induced SOCS3 expression. Lentiviral delivery of SOCS3, an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling, into primary neurons and SH-SY5Y cells inhibits OSM and IL-6/R-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, and also reverses the protective effect of OSM and IL-6/R on NMDA and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical neurons. In addition, treatment with IL-6 cytokines increases expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and induces activation of the Akt signaling pathway, which are also negatively regulated by SOCS3 expression. Thus, IL-6/R and OSM-induced SOCS3 expression may be an important factor limiting the neuroprotective effects of activated STAT3 against NMDA and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
A Conserved Biogenesis Pathway for Nucleoporins: Proteolytic Processing of a 186-Kilodalton Precursor Generates Nup98 and the Novel Nucleoporin, Nup96

The mammalian nuclear pore complex (NPC) is comprised of ∼50 unique proteins, collectively known as nucleoporins. Through fractionation of rat liver nuclei, we have isolated >30 potentially novel nucleoporins and have begun a systematic characterization of these proteins. Here, we present the characterization of Nup96, a novel nucleoporin with a predicted molecular mass of 96 kD. Nup96 is generated through an unusual biogenesis pathway that involves synthesis of a 186-kD precursor protein. Proteolytic cleavage of the precursor yields two nucleoporins: Nup98, a previously characterized GLFG-repeat containing nucleoporin, and Nup96. Mutational and functional analyses demonstrate that both the Nup98-Nup96 precursor and the previously characterized Nup98 (synthesized independently from an alternatively spliced mRNA) are proteolytically cleaved in vivo. This biogenesis pathway for Nup98 and Nup96 is evolutionarily conserved, as the putative Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologues, N-Nup145p and C-Nup145p, are also produced through proteolytic cleavage of a precursor protein. Using immunoelectron microscopy, Nup96 was localized to the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, at or near the nucleoplasmic basket. The correct targeting of both Nup96 and Nup98 to the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC was found to be dependent on proteolytic cleavage, suggesting that the cleavage process may regulate NPC assembly. Finally, by biochemical fractionation, a complex containing Nup96, Nup107, and at least two Sec13- related proteins was identified, revealing that a major sub-complex of the NPC is conserved between yeast and mammals.
Hedgehog Acyltransferase as a target in estrogen receptor positive, HER2 amplified, and tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells

Background Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acid palmitate onto Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), a modification that is essential for Shh signaling activity. The Shh signaling pathway has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer.
A user study to understand motion visualization in virtual reality

Studies of motion are fundamental to science. For centuries, pictures of motion (e.g., the revolutionary photographs by Marey and Muybridge of galloping horses and other animals, da Vinci's detailed drawings of hydrodynamics) have factored importantly in making scientific discoveries possible. Today, there is perhaps no tool more powerful than interactive virtual reality (VR) for conveying complex space-time data to scientists, doctors, and others; however, relatively little is known about how to design virtual environments in order to best facilitate these analyses.
Structural Features of Azurin at 2.7 Å Resolution

The phases for the x-ray data for crystals of azurin from P. aeruginosa have been refined and extended from 3 A to 2.7 A resolution by a method based on the direct space averaging of the electron density of the four molecules in the asymmetric unit. The electron density in the present map is much improved over the earlier one, and most of the side-chains are now evident. In the detailed fitting of a model to the present map, an alternative interpretation, conforming to the plastocyanin model and reversing the chain directions in strands one and two of the original azurin model, was found to better represent certain features of the present map. The surface of the molecule closest to the copper consists of an extended region of invariant or semiconserved hydrophobic residues. There is not a region of conserved charge that is not paired with a compensating charge.
Capability analysis of distributed switching systems in interprocessor communications

Recently developed switching systems all use distributed control to some extent. Among the advantages claimed for distributed control are higher reliability, flexibility, and increased traffic capability. An analysis is made of the traffic capability of a fully distributed switching system, taking into account the overhead of interprocessor communication. The author considers a clocked event interprocessor messaging scheme (e.g. polling) in a two layer architecture, and shows that there is a given configuration for which the capability reaches a maximum; as more processors are added, the increased overhead actually results in a decrease in traffic capability. An analysis is also made of an improved interprocessor communication scheme in which the capability of the distributed architecture can in principle be increased by appropriately adding processors. Extensions to this basic model are presented along with suggestions for future work. >
Real-time dynamic trajectory smoothing for unmanned air vehicles

This brief presents a real-time, feasible trajectory generation algorithm for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) flying through a sequence of waypoints. The algorithm produces extremal trajectories that transition between straight-line path segments in a time-optimal fashion. In addition, the algorithm can be configured so that the dynamically feasible trajectory has the same path length as the straight-line waypoint path. Implementation issues associated with the algorithm are described in detail. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Interorganizational coordination and awareness in a nonprofit ecosystem

Nonprofit organizations working with high-risk vulnerable populations such as human trafficking victims often need to engage in a significant level of interorganizational collaboration. Given the importance for nonprofits to be able to work with many different organizations, and given the importance of awareness in initiating and facilitating such collaborations, we conducted a field study to explore existing practices around coordination and awareness across a specific ecosystem of nonprofit organizations. In this paper, we provide an in-depth reflection on interorganizational issues among a cross-section of nonprofits. We identify four aspects of the interorganizational context in which these nonprofits must operate, as well as challenges they may encounter. Our goal is to illuminate first steps towards finding appropriate technological solutions for supporting coordination and awareness between these organizations so they can be more effective in accomplishing their mission.
IDENTIFICATION OF GLYCOGEN IN ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS OF THIN TISSUE SECTIONS

The electron microscopic appearance of glycogen has been studied in the organs of several animal species. Glycogen almost always appears as roughly circular granules from 150 to 400 A in diameter. The intrinsic electron density of glycogen varies from tissue to tissue; however, treatment with lead hydroxide as described by Watson deeply stains the granules. Glycogen pellets were isolated from some of the tissues studied by centrifugation. Such pellets were shown to be glycogen by chemical and histochemical criteria. When thin sections of the pellet are examined under the electron microscope they can be seen to consist of densely packed granules similar to those found in the intact tissues. Such pellets are also stained for electron microscopy by short exposure to lead hydroxide.
Uncertainties in Internal Dose Calculations for Radiopharmaceuticals

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the inherent uncertainty in internal dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals. A generic equation for internal dose is presented, and the uncertainty in each of the individual terms is analyzed, with the relative uncertainty of all terms compared. The combined uncertainties in most radiopharmaceutical dose estimates will be typically at least a factor of 2 and may be considerably greater. In therapy applications, if patient-individualized absorbed doses are calculated, with attention being paid to accurate data gathering and analysis and measurement of individual organ volumes, many of the model-based uncertainties can be removed, and the total uncertainty in an individual dose estimate can be reduced to a value of perhaps +/-10%-20%. Radiation dose estimates for different diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals should be appreciated and considered, but small differences in dose estimates between radiopharmaceuticals should not be given too much importance when one is choosing radiopharmaceuticals for general clinical use. Diagnostic accuracy, ease of use, image quality, patient comfort, and other similar factors should predominate in the evaluation, with radiation dose being another issue considered while balancing risks and benefits appropriately.
Establishing Materials Selection Goals for Remote Storage: A Methodology

Increasingly, academic libraries are choosing remote storage as a solution to overcrowded book stacks. While the literature offers many examples of possible criteria to use in selecting materials for storage, little exists to guide libraries in setting specific numerical selection goals. Especially in libraries which allow bibliographers to determine selection criteria for subject areas over which they maintain intellectual responsibility, individual goals are desirable in order to insure that the institution's overall goal of creating shelf space will be met. This paper proposes an objective methodology for establishing these goals, and then discusses the limitations of both the methodology and the approach.
Precopulatory assessment of male quality in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix): hydroxydanaidal is the only criterion of choice

Females of the moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) mate preferentially with males that excel in three quantitatively correlated attributes: body mass, systemic content of defensive pyrrolizidine alkaloid (derived from the larval diet), and glandular content of the courtship pheromone hydroxydanaidal (derived from the alkaloid). By so choosing, the females obtain direct phenotypic benefits (alkaloid and nutrient received with the spermatophore), and indirect genetic benefits (genes for large size, a heritable trait). We asked whether the female appraises the courting male on the basis of all three attributes, or whether, as had been postulated, she does so on the basis of the intensity of the pheromonal scent alone. We present data indicating that male possession of hydroxydanaidal is indeed the sole criterion of choice. Females fail to differentiate between males that differ in body mass or alkaloid content if the males lack hydroxydanaidal, but choose between males that are size-matched and alkaloid-free if one of the males has been experimentally endowed with hydroxydanaidal. We show moreover that females are able to differentiate between males that contain unequal quantities of hydroxydanaidal. Females abide by these criteria whether or not they themselves contain alkaloid. Their choice was also unaffected by whether they were confined singly with 2 males in small mating chambers, or were in groups of 10 with 20 males in large flight cages.
Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasing global health problem that is now a leading cause of death. COPD is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, predominantly in small airways and lung parenchyma, which is characterized by increased numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. The inflammatory mediators involved in COPD have not been clearly defined, in contrast to asthma, but it is now apparent that many lipid mediators, inflammatory peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors are involved in orchestrating the complex inflammatory process that results in small airway fibrosis and alveolar destruction. Many proteases are also involved in the inflammatory process and are responsible for the destruction of elastin fibers in the lung parenchyma, which is the hallmark of emphysema. The identification of inflammatory mediators and understanding their interactions is important for the development of anti-inflammatory treatments for this important disease.
Deconvolution of lunar olivine reflectance spectra: Implications for remote compositional assessment

Lunar olivines typically contain inclusions of Cr–spinel (chromite) that influence their measured optical properties. These altered optical properties complicate modeled predictions of olivine composition from reflectance spectra. Approaches developed for inclusion-free terrestrial olivine spectra must be modified to be applied to chromite-bearing lunar olivine spectra. We present a revised approach for predicting the compositions of chromite-bearing lunar olivines using the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM). The results of this revised approach for chromite-bearing lunar olivines are consistent with previous results for terrestrial olivine reflectance spectra, and successfully predict the olivine’s composition. These results are an important step in compositional assessment of remotely-sensed olivine spectra, and are essential to ongoing investigations of that topic. Our results are based on a limited set of available lunar olivine separates, and would be strengthened by the inclusion of additional compositions.
The prediction of old and young subjects from iris texture

Researchers have previously studied the prediction of “soft biometric” attributes such as gender and ethnicity from iris texture images. We present the results of an initial study to predict the relative age of a person from such images. We conclude that is possible to categorize iris images as representing a young or older person at levels of accuracy statistically significantly greater than random chance. This suggests that there may in fact be age-related information available in the iris texture, and motivates further study of this topic.
Cytoplasmic Localization of Pregnane X Receptor and Ligand-dependent Nuclear Translocation in Mouse Liver

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in the response to xenobiotics and endogenous toxins. We have used a specific anti-PXR antibody in the Western blotting of mouse liver nuclear extracts to show that PXR is accumulated in the nucleus after treatment with 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one-16α-carbonitrile (PCN), followed by an increase in Cyp3a11 mRNA. Expression of wild type PXR and various mutants as green fluorescent fusion proteins in mouse livers showed that PXR was retained in the cytoplasm from where PCN treatment translocated PXR into the nucleus. Furthermore, the xenochemical response signal, the nuclear translocation signal, and the activation function 2 domain were all required for the nuclear translocation to occur. Immunoprecipitation experiments using the hsp90 antibody demonstrated the presence of PXR in a complex with the endogenous cytoplasmic constitutive active/androstane receptor retention protein (CCRP) in HepG2 cells. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of mouse liver sections after co-expression of cyan fluorescent protein-CCRP and yellow fluorescent protein-PXR also indicated that CCRP and PXR were closely associated in vivo. Overexpression of exogenous CCRP increased the cytoplasmic level of the PXR·CCRP·hsp90 complex, whereas a decrease in endogenous CCRP by treatment with small interfering RNA for CCRP repressed the PXR-mediated reporter activity in HepG2 cells. We conclude that the CCRP mediates the retention of PXR in the cytosol and modulates the activation of PXR in response to PCN treatment.
NOrec: streamlining STM by abolishing ownership records

Drawing inspiration from several previous projects, we present an ownership-record-free software transactional memory (STM) system that combines extremely low overhead with unusually clean semantics. While unlikely to scale to hundreds of active threads, this "NOrec" system offers many appealing features: very low fast-path latency--as low as any system we know of that admits concurrent updates; publication and privatization safety; livelock freedom; a small, constant amount of global metadata, and full compatibility with existing data structure layouts; no false conflicts due to hash collisions; compatibility with both managed and unmanaged languages, and both static and dynamic compilation; and easy acccommodation of closed nesting, inevitable (irrevocable) transactions, and starvation avoidance mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, no extant STM system combines this set of features.While transactional memory for processors with hundreds of cores is likely to require hardware support, software implementations will be required for backward compatibility with current and near-future processors with 2--64 cores, as well as for fall-back in future machines when hardware resources are exhausted. Our experience suggests that NOrec may be an ideal candidate for such a software system. We also observe that it has considerable appeal for use within the operating system, and in systems that require both closed nesting and publication safety.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW: Experiences of the States in Brownfield Redevelopment

Using author-collected data, this article examines state brownfield programs' activities in relation to liability abatement and financial cost reduction. The findings in this article show that states have very diverse mechanisms in place for the facilitation of the remediation and redevelopment of these properties—many of which have the potential for some serious unanticipated consequences.Environmental Practice 11:270–284 (2009)
Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of cardiovascular malformations.

Background The physiologic effects and common use of caffeine during pregnancy call for examination of maternal caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects. Epidemiologic studies have yielded mixed results, but such studies have grouped etiologically different defects and have not evaluated effect modification. Methods The large sample size and precise case classification of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study allowed us to examine caffeine consumption and specific cardiovascular malformation (CVM) case groups. We studied consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate to estimate total caffeine intake and separately examined exposure to each caffeinated beverage. Smoking, alcohol, vasoactive medications, folic acid supplement use, and infant gender were evaluated for effect modification. Maternal interview reports for 4,196 CVM case infants overall and 3,957 control infants were analyzed. Results We did not identify any significant positive associations between maternal caffeine consumption and CVMs. For tetralogy of Fallot, nonsignificant elevations in risk were observed for moderate (but not high) caffeine intake overall and among nonsmokers (ORs of 1.3 to 1.5). Risk estimates for both smoking and consuming caffeine were less than the sum of the excess risks for each exposure. We observed an inverse trend between coffee intake and risk of atrial septal defect; however, this single significant pattern of association might have been a chance finding. Conclusions Our study found no evidence for an appreciable teratogenic effect of caffeine with regard to CVMs.
Percutaneous autonomic neural modulation: A novel technique to treat cardiac arrhythmia

Ablation and anti-arrhythmic medications have shown promise but have been met with varying success and unwanted side effects such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and morbidity from invasive surgical intervention. The answer to improving efficacy of ablation may include modulation of the cardiac aspect of the autonomic nervous system. Our lab has developed a novel approach and device to navigate the oblique sinus and to use DC current and saline/alcohol irrigation to selectively stimulate and block the autonomic ganglia found on the epicardial side of the heart. This novel approach minimizes myocardial damage from thermal injury and provides a less invasive and targeted approach. For feasibility, proof-of-concept, and safety monitoring, we carried out canine studies to test this novel application. Our results suggest a safer and less invasive way of modulating arrhythmogenic substrate that may lead to improved treatment of AF in humans.
Prediction of the Nocturnal Surface Inversion Height

Abstract A simple prognostic equation for predicting the development of the nocturnal surface inversion height is constructed from the thermal energy equation. The purpose of the paper is to provide a simple method to estimate the nocturnal surface inversion heights to augment the prediction of the mixed-layer heights (Yamada and Berman, 1979) for regional-scale pollutant dispersion models. A significant improvement of the present model over previous simple models is the inclusion of atmospheric cooling due to longwave radiation. Another important difference, which considerably simplifies the present model, is the adoption of an empirical expression for the potential temperature profile. Predictions agree quite well with the data of the Wangara experiment.
Performance of Various Trap Types for Monitoring Populations of Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species

The eastern cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), and black cherry fruit fly, R. fausta (Osten Sacken), are the most important insect pests of cherries Prunus spp. in the eastern and midwestern United States. In 1998, we studied the responses of cherry fruit fly species using the recommended V-shaped Pherocon AM board. Significantly more R. cingulata flies were caught on boards with aqueous solutions of ammonium baits compared with boards that had solid ammonium baits mixed into the Tangle-Trap. Captures of R. fausta flies were low in 1998 and the weekly trapping data never exceeded a total of five adults. In 1999, several commercial traps were evaluated including the unbaited, three-dimensional Rebell trap and different types of ammonium baited spheres and boards including a 9-cm-diameter red sphere, a modified version of the Ladd trap (L & S trap), and the Pherocon AM yellow board in the vertical and V-shaped orientations. There were significantly more R. fausta flies caught on unbaited Rebell traps compared with any other commercial traps studied. Red sphere treatments (regardless of baiting system) consistently captured significantly fewer R. fausta flies than any other treatment evaluated. For R. cingulata, total captures on unbaited Rebell traps were not significantly different from other commercial traps including the 9-cm- diameter red spheres baited with ammonium acetate mixed into the Tangle-Trap ,L&S traps, and the baited Pherocon AM yellow boards deployed in a vertical orientation. The study demonstrated that the unbaited Rebell trap was the most effective and selective device evaluated for monitoring R. fausta and R. cingulata flies. In addition, red sphere (9-cm-diameter) traps were found ineffective for use in R. fausta monitoring programs.
Critical Care Providers’ Perceptions of the Use of Vasopressin in Cardiac Arrest

• BACKGROUND Although published algorithms and guidelines list epinephrine and vasopressin as either/or choices for treatment of ventricular fibrillation and/or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, little is known about how critical care providers respond to this recommendation. • OBJECTIVE To assess the use of vasopressin as a first-line drug of choice for ventricular fibrillation and/or pulseless ventricular tachycardia and describe factors that may influence decision making for using vasopressin. • METHODS A convenience sample from 4 academic medical centers in the United States was recruited to complete a 20-item survey on demographic factors such as year of last Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) provider course, specialty certification, predominant practice responsibility, and beliefs related to the use of vasopressin for cardiac arrest. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. • RESULTS A total of 214 critical care providers (80% registered nurses) completed the survey. Year of last ACLS course (r = -0.188, P = .006) was a significant demographic factor, and behavioral beliefs (attitude about using vasopressin) had the strongest relationship (r = 0.687, P < .001) and were the best predictor for intentions to use or recommend the use of vasopressin (beta = 0.589, P < .001). • CONCLUSIONS Despite the recommendation for vasopressin as an agent equivalent to epinephrine for treatment of ventricular fibrillation and/or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, 63% of respondents used epinephrine as a first-line drug of choice. More research is needed to address the classification system for interpreting the quality of evidence that may influence practice. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005;14:481-493)
Fernando Corbató: Time-Sharing Pioneer, Part 2

Fernando Corbato is best known for his work developing time-sharing operating systems. Early in his career, Corbato had a key role in the development of both the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) and Multics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s. This interview is the second in a two-part Annals series based on an oral history conducted by Steven Webber for the Computer History Museum in February 2006.
Computerization of a hospital clinical microbiology laboratory.

The Microbial Pathology Laboratory of the Bexar County Hospital District recently implemented a computerized on-line record-keeping system using a central computer, which is shared with certain other hospital departments. The goals of the system were to promote more efficient handling of culture results within the laboratory, to provide patient care areas with easily understood current reports, and to provide an easily accessible historical data base for use in producing laboratory statistics. The system uses cathode ray tube consoles (CRT’s) for data entry and certain report inquiries. Formats for CRT screens were designed to display automatically appropriate information needed for the most frequent types of specimens and most frequently isolated microorganisms. Program edits were designed to control errors, especially those involving antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Entry of certain atypical reports requires verification, and, if necessary, an override of the program’s edit logic. Several types of computer hard-copy reports are generated for patient care areas, including a daily preliminary report, a daily activity report, and a weekly cumulative report. The computer also generates daily and weekly laboratory logs, which become part of the laboratory’s permanent record. Certain specialized reports such as a list of all cultures on which an override has been entered, a listing of all unusual isolates, and a daily epidemiologic report are generated by the computer. The system has allowed more rapid retrieval of patient data and has supplied quality control and epidemiologic information not available previously.
Report of a case of ectopia viscerum, rachischisis, malformation of the sacuum, pelvis inversa, hypoplasia of the thoracic duct, agenesis or hypoplasia of various abdominal viscera and placenta previa

Summary 1) A case illustrating multiple fetal malformations is reported, with full pathologic studies, which is not duplicated in literature. The chief points of interest are as follows: A. Normal apparently full-term development of the upper half of the body. B. Absence of most of the anterior abdominal wall, its place being taken by a membrana reuniens. C. Abrupt termination of a relatively straight and normal spinal column at the lumbosacral junction with acute angulation, and lateral displacement of the deformed sacrum. D. Backward displacement and deformity of the pelvic girdle, (pelvis inversa). E. Partial rotation and backward displacement of the buttocks, with extension of the legs up toward the occiput. F. Absence of one of certain paired organs and the rudimentary development of others, not all on the same side of the body. G. Hypoplasia of the thoracic duct. H. Practically complete development of the female generative tract from one mullerian duct, the other being rudimentary and widely separated. I. Complete development of the urinary system except for one kidney and its ureter. J. Persistent cloaca (failure of development of the uro-rectal septum). K. Association of a major form of fetal anomaly with placenta previa centralis. 2) A theory is proposed to account for many or all of the anomalies, based upon an assumed congenital ascites due to a disturbance of fluid distribution occurring during growth, thus emphasizing a much neglected factor capable of producing extensive alterations in fetal form and function. The incomplete development of the thoracic duct is possibly a contributing factor. 3) An extensive bibliography has been prepared, giving all references to similar major malformations which could be found in literature, together with a brief summary of the principal findings when not mentioned in the title, and a letter indicating the library in which each has been found.
Demonstrating Diurnal and Alcohol Effects Using the Stroud Cognitive Readiness Evaluation (SCORE)

The Stroud Cognitive Readiness Evaluation (SCORE) measures the duration of a “psychological moment” (1/Hz) at which a flickering red light fuses. The shorter the moment the more alert one is. Stereo targets are mounted on a self-contained light-weight binocular using two light emitting diode panels for each eye. A forced-choice Best-PEST protocol controls the administration of 58 two-second trials at frequencies between 15 Hz-150 Hz. A 2.5 day study demonstrates expected variation in diurnal fluctuation (20%), with ethanol consumption, (60%), and exposure to mild fatigue (1%). High test-retest reliability (>0.95) obtained in <3 minutes, its portability and ease of administration, support its use as a “cognitive fitness-for- duty” surveillance measure. Daily monitoring of expected variation in cognitive attention in populations is now feasible by comparing one's level of attention at the time of testing against baseline measurements. The SCORE is particularly suitable for tasks that require sustained vigil...
Study on mutagenicity of multifunctional maintenance medium on contact lenses

Objective:To study the mutagenicity of multifunctional maintenance medium on contact lenses.Methods:In vivo mice bone marrow cell micronucleus test was processed by setting 3 different dose groups of 0.5,2.0 and 5.0 g/kg.In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test(forward mutation assay of V79 chinese hamster cells/HGPRT locus) was carried out by setting 4 different dose groups of 625,1250,2500 and 5000 μg/ml per plate.Results:There was no obvious mutagenic toxicity in all groups.Conclusion:Multifunctional maintenance medium on contact lenses has no mutagenicity under the study conditions.
DIFFERENCES OF ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES BETWEEN CORONARY AND FEMORAL ARTERY

The study was carried on 12 anesthetized mongrel dogs with left circumflex artery and left femoral artery cannulated and perfused by peristalic pump with blood taken from abdominal aorta. The dose-response curves of arterial perfusion pressure to intracoronary and intrafemoral artery injection of norepinephrine (NE) and electric stimulation of left stellate and abdominal sympathetic chain were constructed when the dogs were vagotomized and beta blocked. It was found that the pressor response of coronary artery to NE was attenuated after alpha blockade neither in high nor in low dose, suggesting NE induced coronary artery constriction mediated mainly by postsynaptic alpha 2 adrenoceptor. Alpha 1 antagonist (Prazosin) did not reduce the response of femoral artery to low dose NE, while the response to high dose of NE was greatly inhibited. Stimulation of sympathetic nerve induced frequency related increases of cornary perfusion pressure which was partially pre- vented by prazosin, however, the total abolishment of these responses could be accomplished after alpha 1+2 blockade only. Thus, it was suggested that postsynaptic alpha 2 adreno- ceptors were sympathetic innervated.
Detection of amyloid in gastric brushing material. A case report.

A case of gastric amyloidosis in which diagnostic material was detected on gastric brushing material is described. A high index of suspicion and familiarity with the hypocellular, amorphous morphology of amyloid on cytologic smears are essential to the detection of amyloid. Congo red was applied to destained Papanicolaoustained smears to demonstrate the characteristic green birefringence on cytologically suspicious material
The aerobic cost of saltatory locomotion in the fowler's toad (Bufo woodhousei fowleri)

Studies of kangaroos suggest that hopping provides energy savings during locomotion at high speeds, although studies of small mammals suggest that hopping is no more economical than running. To obtain comparative data on anurans, we exercised Fowler's toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri, 25.8 g) on treadmills at speeds ranging from 0.09 to 0.63 km h-1 while measuring oxygen consumption (VO2), endurance or hop kinematics. The toads walked at slow speeds and hopped at fast speeds. Steady-state VO2 (VO2,ss) increased linearly with speed to a maximum (VO2, max) of 1.17 ml O2 g-1 h-1 at 0.27 km h-1 and was nine times the average pre-exercise VO2. The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise was comparable to VO2,max previously reported for less natural exercise regimes. At speeds greater than or equal to 0.27 km h-1, VO2,ss was independent of speed. At speeds less than or equal to 0.36 km h-1, toads moved for over 1h, but endurance decreased sharply at higher speeds. Hop rate, hop length, hop height and angle of take-off increased with speed. Hopping in B.w. fowleri was not less costly than running in other animals of similar body size and was inefficient at converting metabolic to mechanical energy. The present study suggests that hopping in toads, as in small mammals, is not economical during sustained locomotion and is most important during short bursts of high-intensity activity.
TrendQuery: a system for interactive exploration of trends

The surfacing of trends from data collections such as user-generated content streams and news articles is a popular and important data analysis activity, used in applications such as business intelligence, quantitative stock trading and, social media exploration. Unlike traditional content analysis, trend analysis includes an additional vital time dimension: a trend can be defined as a temporal pattern over a group of semantically related items. The unsupervised discovery of trends is often not sufficient, either due to inadequacies in the trend analysis algorithm, or because the data collection itself does not possess all of the information to identify the trend. Thus, it is necessary for an expert human-in-the-loop to be involved in the process of trend analysis.To this end, we introduce TrendQuery, a system designed towards iterative and interactive surfacing of trends. Our system provides a set of trends to the expert, and enumerates iterative operations to curate the result. This process continues until the expert is satisfied with the surfaced trends. Since the space of possible tweaks to the result can be extremely large, the system continually provides feedback and guidance to the expert to prioritize possible operations. Our system allows interactive curation of trends providing better insights than a purely unsupervised approach.
Complete Genome Sequence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Type Strain B-78 (ATCC 27164)

ABSTRACT Reported herein is the complete genome sequence of the type strain B-78 (ATCC 27164) of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the etiological agent of swine dysentery. The 3.1-Mb genome consists of a 3.056-Mb chromosome and a 45-kb plasmid, with 2,617 protein-coding genes, 39 RNA genes, and 40 pseudogenes.
The renal-cardiac connection in subjects with preserved ejection fraction: a population based study.

Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The interaction between diastolic dysfunction (DD) and CKD in subjects with preserved systolic function is not well defined. This study sought to determine the association between renal function and DD in subjects with preserved ejection fraction. Methods and results Through the Rochester Epidemiology Project, subjects who underwent echocardiography over 2 years with EF ≥50% were identified and the clinical data were obtained. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation. Linear regression was used to test for association of GFR and DD. DD was defined as follows: Grade 2 or pseudonormal pattern (0.75 140 ms, ΔE/A ≥ 0.5, and PV S 1.5, E/e′ ≥ 10, DT < 140 ms, and PV S < D). Cox regression was used to assess correlation of GFR and DD with time-to-event outcomes. A total of 2056 patients were identified. There was significant correlation between worsening GFR and degree of DD assessed by echo Doppler E/e′ ratio (P = 0.005), left ventricular mass index (P = 0.004), and right ventricular systolic pressure (P = 0.01). Worsening GFR was associated with increased mortality, development of heart failure, and hospitalization (P < 0.001). Within each GFR group, abnormal DD was associated with a higher risk of the clinical outcomes. No interaction between GFR and DD was noted, suggesting an increased risk of events associated with abnormal DD across ranges of GFR. Conclusions Worsening GFR was associated with a greater degree of diastolic dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes. Within each GFR group, the presence of DD was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Further studies are warranted to determine if improving DD in patients with CKD will benefit clinical outcomes.
Детерминанты Экспорта Добавленной Стоимости: Роль Факторов Спроса На Импорт (Determinants of Value-Added Exports: The Role of Import Demand Factors)

Russian Abstract: Развитие глобальных, трансграничных производственно-торговых цепочек ставит новые задачи перед государствами, органами власти региональных интеграционных группировок по созданию условий, которые бы способствовали увеличению конкурентоспособности фирм в рамках таких цепочек. Однако в настоящее время теоретическая проработка подходов к анализу международной торговли в рамках международных цепочек создания стоимости, то есть торговли добавленной стоимостью, остапется фрагментарной. В представленном исследовании представлен анализ обоснованности использования моделей, основанных на теориях сравнительных преимуществ и наделенности факторами производства, моделей спроса на импорт и предложения экспорта для выявления и качественной и количественной оценки влияния различных факторов на торговлю добавленной стоимостью в отраслевом разрезе (для товаров, произвведенных в секторе промышленности). На основе проведенного эмпрического исследования даны рекомендации по проведению экономической (промышленно-торговой) политики с целью увеличения объемов добавленной стоимости, воплощенной в валовом экспорте несырьевых товаров. English Abstract: The development of global, cross-border production and trade chains poses new challenges for states, authorities of regional integration groups to create conditions that would increase the competitiveness of firms within such chains. However, at the present time, the theoretical elaboration of approaches to the analysis of international trade within the framework of international value chains, that is, value-added trade, will remain fragmentary. The presented study provides an analysis of the validity of the models based on theories of comparative advantages and endowment with production factors, import demand models and export offers to identify and qualitatively and quantitatively assess the impact of various factors on value added trade in the sectoral context (for goods produced in the sector Industry). On the basis of the conducted empirical research, recommendations are given on the conduct of an economic (industrial-commercial) policy with a view to increasing the amount of added value embodied in gross exports of non-primary commodities.