cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segmental patterning of rat and chicken sympathetic preganglionic neurons: correlation between soma position and axon projection pathway

The segmental organization of midthoracic rat and chicken sympathetic preganglionic neurons was examined by retrograde labeling in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrate that individual sympathetic preganglionic neurons project only rostrally or caudally within the sympathetic chain, even though the spinal segment in which they reside provides innervation to both rostral and caudal ganglia. In addition, there is both a segmental and an intrasegmental pattern in the thoracic sympathetic column, in which the position of preganglionic neurons is related to the direction they project in the sympathetic chain. Thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons are organized into discrete segmental units, each of which exhibits an internal rostrocaudal polarity with respect to the direction of axon projection in the sympathetic chain. The rostrocaudal bias of this internal polarity is graded from segment to segment along the longitudinal axis. Since there is minimal overlap between thoracic segments, the transition from one segment to another entails a sharp change in the pathway choice of the preganglionic neurons. The organization of the preganglionic projections thus includes (1) segmental periodicity, (2) intrasegmental gradients of neuronal identity, and (3) an axial gradient of segment identity. The significance of these findings is twofold. First, they suggest a functional organization that may be related to the specificity of sympathetic reflex action. Second, they reveal a cellular organization that suggests an underlying segmental pattern in the developing spinal cord.
Dislocations in nanostructured two-phase Fe30Ni20Mn20Al30.

In a previous study, the dislocations in Fe(30)Ni(20)Mn(25)Al(25) (at. %), which consist of 50 nm wide alternating b.c.c. and B2 phases, were shown to have a/2 Burgers vectors after room temperature deformation. The dislocations were found to glide in pairs on both {110} and {112} slip planes and were relatively widely separated in the b.c.c. phase, where the dislocations were uncoupled, and closely spaced in the B2 phase, where the dislocations were connected by an anti-phase boundary. In this article, we analyze the dislocations in the two ~5 nm-wide B2 phases in a related two-phase alloy Fe(30)Ni(20)Mn(20)Al(30), with compositions Fe-23Ni-21Mn-24Al and Fe-39Ni-12Mn-34Al, compressed to ~3% strain at a strain rate 5 × 10(-4) s(-1) at 873 K (the lowest temperature at which substantial plastic flow was observed). It is shown that slip occursby the glide of a dislocations. A review of the literature suggests that the differences in the observed slip vector between these B2 phases could be due to the differences in composition, differences in deformation temperature, or possibly both.
NMR methods for in-situ biofilm metabolism studies: spatial and temporal resolved measurements

Novel procedures and instrumentation are described for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging studies of live, in situ microbial films. A perfused NMR/optical microscope sample chamber containing a planar biofilm support was integrated into a recirculation/dilution flow loop growth reactor system and used to grow in situ Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 biofilms. Localized NMR techniques were developed and used to non-invasively monitor time-resolved metabolite concentrations and to image the biomass volume and distribution. As a first illustration of the feasibility of the methodology an initial 13C-labeled lactate metabolic pathway study was performed, yielding results consistent with existing genomic data for MR-1. These results represent progress toward our ultimate goal of correlating time- and depth-resolved metabolism and mass transport with gene expression in live in situ biofilms using combined NMR/optical microscopy techniques.
Ethics in Rehabilitation: A Clinical Perspective

This second edition text uses a clinical perspective to educate health and rehabilitation professionals on ethics in a climate where healthcare legislation weighs heavily in patient care. The book ...
A biogenic origin for anomalous fine‐grained magnetic material at the Paleocene‐Eocene boundary at Wilson Lake, New Jersey

[1] The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred � 55.5 Ma, was caused by a massive release of carbon, as indicated by an � 3% negative carbon isotope excursion recorded in the marine, atmospheric, and terrestrial reservoirs. One suggested source for the carbon, a cometary impactor, is based on the sudden appearance and high concentration of single-domain (SD) magnetite in Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary cores from the North Atlantic continental margin. We evaluate the potential sources of SD magnetite at the P-E boundary by presenting new magnetic hysteresis, low-temperature magnetic remanence, and transmission electron microscopy data from the North Atlantic coastal ocean. Our results show a similar increase in SD material but demonstrate that the magnetic material has a biogenic origin. These findings indicate that the high concentrations of SD magnetite immediately above the P-E boundary are the result of unusual accumulations and/or preservation of magnetotactic bacteria. Such bacteria typically occupy the oxic-anoxic transition zone near the sediment-water interface or in the water column. The high abundances of SD magnetite in sediments from across the shelf may be an artifact of nonsteady state redox conditions and exceptional preservation of SD magnetite. It may also indicate that the oxic-anoxic redox boundary shifted into the water column. The latter explanation implies transient eutrophy of the coastal ocean in this region, most likely due to seasonally enhanced runoff, and increased stratification and nutrient loading.
PROLONGED APNEA AND THE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS

A 25-Year Trail to Murder Charges—... The first suspicions were raised in 1985 by Dr. Linda Norton, a former medical examiner for Dallas County, Texas, and an expert on pediatric pathology, who had been a consultant in the VanDerSluys case. "You may have a serial killer in Syracuse," she told the prosecutor in giving him a copy of an October 1972 article in Pediatrics (1972;50(4)) called "Prolonged Apnea and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Observations." In the report Dr. Steinschneider described his work with the syndrome and how two children in a family plagued with the affliction had died within hours of their release from his Syracuse research project. In his paper, Dr. Steinschneider concluded that the family, which he still identifies only as "H," showed that victims suffered from real if almost undetectable physical abnormalities. In a proposal that was radical then but is now accepted, he suggested that the syndrome had a genetic component and was therefore inherited. He suggested that scientists could identify the abnormalities and thereby devise a warning system. "But the paper indicated a more sinister possibility to Dr. John F. Hick of Minnesota. In a letter to the journal, he wrote that the case offered "circumstantial evidence suggesting a critical role for the mother in the death of her children." (See below.) But his warning was dismissed, until Mr. Fitzpatrick read the paper 15 years later. "The medical records described two happy, healthy, perfectly normal kids," he said. "It convinced me that these children were murdered."
Ion beam deposition in materials research

Abstract Ion beam deposition (IBD) is the direct formation of thin films using a low-energy (tens of eV) mass-analyzed ion beam. The process allows depositions in which the energy, isotopic species, deposition rate, defect production, and many other beam and sample parameters can be accurately controlled. This paper will review recent research at ORNL on the IBD process and the effects of deposition parameters on the materials properties of deposited thin films, epitaxial layers, and isotopic heterostructures. A variety of techniques including ion scattering/channeling, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Auger spectroscopy has been used for analysis. The fabrication of isotopic heterostructures of 74 Ge and 30 Si will be discussed, as well as the fabrication of metal and semiconductor overlayers on Si and Ge. The use of IBD for low-temperature epitaxy of 30 Si on Si and 76 Ge on Ge will be presented. The use of self-ion sputter cleaning and in situ reactive ion cleaning as methods for preparing single-crystal substrates for epitaxial deposition will be discussed. Examples of IBD formation of oxides and suicides on Si at low temperatures will also be presented.
Chromosomal localization of the transcription factor YY1 in the mouse and human

2Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0618, USA Received: 29 September 1993 / Accepted: 29 November 1993 YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor be- longing to the GLI-Kr/ippel class of zinc finger proteins. The YY1 cDNA was independently cloned in four differ- ent laboratories from human (Shi et al. 1991; Park and Atchison 1991) and mouse (Hariharan et al. 1991; Flana- gan et al. 1992) tissues. Analysis of these cDNAs revealed that YY1 is highly conserved, showing 98.6% identity be- tween the human and the mouse (Hariharan et al. 1991). Functionally, YY1 is an extremely versatile factor. It has been shown to be a negative regulator in some systems (Shi et al. 1991; Park and Atchison 1991; Lee et al. 1992; Bauknecht et al. 1992; Gumucio et al. 1992; Gualberto et al. 1992), and a positive regulator in others (Riggs et al. 1991; Hariharan et al. 1991). In some systems, the func- tion of YYI as an activator or a repressor is specified by the presence of other proteins (Shi et al. 1991). Finally, YY1 also binds to initiator elements and directs accurate basal transcription
Itinerant Magnetism in Ultrathin Metallic Films

Abstract This paper addresses the question: “How do we define a two-dimensional itinerant magnet?” Results are presented indicating a cross-over from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) behavior at a finite-size film thickness. It is argued that quantization of the electronic states in ultrathin metallic films dictate this behavior. Data from a broad range of epitaxial ferromagnetic films grown on different metallic substrates suggest a cross-over into just two classes of 2D behavior, viz 2D Ising model in the presence of uniaxial surface anisotropy and finite-size lattice 2D XY model behavior in films in which the preferred direction of magnetization lies in-plane. In this ultrathin film 2D limit, the Curie temperature falls rapidly to zero as the thickness approaches a single monolayer due to the sudden onset of disordered microdomains.
Optimal m-ary data fusion with distributed sensors

An optimal data fusion rule is derived for an m-ary detection problem. Each detector determines a local decision using a local decision rule and transmits the local decision to the fusion center. Considering the reliability of local detectors, local decisions are combined to produce the final decision. In this study, based upon the maximum posterior probability concept, optimal decision rules for m-ary detection problems are proposed for the local detector and the data fusion center. >
The games that experimental subjects play: the utility of payoffs

Experiments have been used to study the behavioural validity of the predictions of game theory. Unfortunately, almost all of the games studied by experimental economists require at least one maintained assumptions in order to interpret the payoffs faced by subjects as utilities: that the subject has a linear utility function defined over monetary payoffs. With some notable exceptions, experimental games reward subjects by giving them money. Money is not the same as utility, which is what game theory assumes payoffs to be defined in terms of. Moreover, linear transformations of money do not accurately reflect linear transformations of utility unless the subject is risk neutral. Since there is evidence that experimental subjects tend to behave as if risk averse over the domain of income involved in most experiments, there is a potential confound in the interpretation of behaviour in experimental games. This point is well known, in the sense that it is easy to find occasional references to it by careful students of experimental games. And there are some remarkable experimental designs that attempt to control for this confound. But there are also many experimental games in which the possibility of risk aversion makes inferences difficult, to say the least. The problem is that the experimenter has lost control of one of the fundamentals of the game, and simply cannot know with any certainty what utility payoffs the subject is facing. We follow Goeree, Holt and Palfrey GEB 2003, and propose joint econometric estimation of the utility function of individuals from behavior in an individual lottery choice task and in strategic games, where behavior in the latter is constrained to be a Quantal Response Equilibrium. We develop computational tools using GAMBIT and Stata to facilitate the maximum likelihood estimation of behavior in experimental games defined over utility. These tools are applied to evaluate behavior over a wide range of experimental games. Our approach generalizes to also allow for other specifications in which utility might not be the same as own-payoff, such as an allowance for social preferences.
Quantifying a Two-Mode Phase-Field Crystal Model for BCC Metals at Melting Point

Abstract A recently developed two-mode phase-field crystal (PFC) model (Wu et al., 2010; Asadi and Asle Zaeem, 2015) is applied for quantitative modeling of body centered cubic (BCC) crystals at their melting points. This model incorporates the first two density wave vectors of BCC crystals in its formulation and consists of three model parameters (two independent and one dependent) in its dimensionless form. A systematic study is presented to show that the two independent parameters of the model control the material properties such as solid and liquid densities and the structure factor. An iterative procedure is presented to determine the PFC model parameters for specific BCC materials using their liquid structure factor and the fluctuation amplitude of atoms in their crystalline state. As a case study, the two-mode PFC model parameters are determined for Fe at its melting point. The calculated model parameters and results of the PFC model are validated by comparing the calculated expansion in melting, solid and liquid densities, elastic constants, and bulk modulus of Fe with the available experimental and computational data in the literature. In addition, to show the potential application of this PFC model, the solid–liquid interface free energy and surface anisotropy of Fe are determined and compared with their available counterparts in the literature.
Attention-based motion perception

Two "attentive" tracking tasks reveal the existence of an attention-based motion process. In the first task, oppositely rotating luminance and color gratings were superimposed. Because of masking from the color grating, the bars of the luminance grating were not visible; nevertheless, their motion was visible and it determined the perceived direction of the stimulus rotation. On the other hand, the bars of the color grating were visible but they could only be seen to move (in the opposite direction to the overall stimulus rotation) when they were tracked with attention. In a second task, the perceived velocity of a color grating, typically slow at equiluminance, speeded up when individual bars were attentively tracked. These findings demonstrate two independent motion processes: one that is "low-level" or automatic in that it signals motion even in the absence of attention to the stimulus, and one that is mediated by attention to visible features and provides accurate velocity judgments independently of the features being tracked.
Phospholipid Spherules as a Model to Assess Photosensitizing Properties of Drugs

The effect of a series of UV irradiated and nonirradiated phenothiazine drugs on the chromate leakage from lipid spherules has been determined. All of the drugs studied increased chromate leakage to varying degrees prior to irradiation. However, only chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine exhibited a marked increase in chromate leakage after irradiation. These effects are discussed in terms of the in vivo photosensitizing properties of the drugs.
NON‐LETHAL SHARK ATTACK ON A BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS SP.) CALF

The risk of predation by sharks is considered to have a strong influence on dolphin behavior, especially group formation and habitat use (Heithaus 2001a). Although evidence of shark attacks on dolphins abounds (in the form of shark bite scars, shark stomach contents, etc.), there have been no published reports in which researchers have directly observed a shark attack on a dolphin in the wild. There are, however, several reports of calves that have died from shark-induced wounds and cases in which researchers have been able to obtain statements from witnesses following a lethal shark attack (e.g., Wood et al. 1970, Mann and Barnett 1999). Here, I document the response of a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), containing adult and juvenile females and calves, to the attack of one of its group members (a 3.5-mo-old calf) by an unidentified shark. Because the attack occurred during a focal follow of one of the mother-calf pairs in the group, I present a detailed description (derived from systematic observational data) of the behavior of the focal mother-calf pair, in addition to a description (based on ad libitum sampling) of other group members’ behavior prior to and following the attack. The observations occurred offshore of Monkey Mia in Shark Bay, Western Australia (25◦47′S, 113◦43′E). The study population consists of over 600 individually recognized bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). The three mother-calf pairs present during the described attack are part of a longitudinal study in which focal follows have been conducted on individual mother-calf pairs each year since 1988 (Mann and Smuts 1998, Mann and Watson-Capps 2005). During follows, systematic data collection is achieved using a combination of point, continuous, scan, and ad libitum sampling (see Altmann 1974). Information recorded includes focal mother and calf activity, mother-calf distance, group composition, and other information. Group membership
Effect of Muscle Type and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Residual Nitrite, pH, Color, and Instron Measurements of Turkey Frankfurters

Abstract Six treatment combinations for evaluation of turkey frankfurters were studied – three muscle type combinations (100% white, 50% white-50% dark, and 100% dark) and two sodium tripolyphosphate concentrations (0 and .25%). Cook yield, cooked color, raw emulsion pH, cooked pH, residual nitrite, cured color (nitroso-haemochromogen), and total color (acid haematin) were measured. Texture measurements of the frankfurter skin and interior were made with an Instron Universal Testing Machine with Warner-Bratzler shear and puncture probe attachments. Cook yield was not affected by muscle type or phosphate addition. Hunter L-values (reflectance or light/dark) increased with increasing amounts of white muscle, while Hunter + a values (redness) decreased. Frankfurters made with 100% dark muscle were higher in pH, contained more residual nitrite, and had higher cured color and total color values than frankfurters made with 100% white muscle. Instron Warner-Bratzler shear peak heights and puncture-probe peak heights and areas indicated frankfurters made with 100% white muscle were firmer than frankfurters made with 100% dark muscle. Sodium tripolyphosphate increased frankfurter interior firmness (Instron puncture-probe peak heights), the pH of both raw and cooked samples, and residual nitrite values.
Cardiovascular and thermal effects of microwave irradiation at 1 and/or 10 GHz in anesthetized rats

Relatively large thermal gradients may exist during exposure of an animal to microwaves (MWs), particularly at high frequencies. Differences in thermal gradients within the body may lead to noticeable differences in the magnitude of cardiovascular changes resulting from MW exposure. This study compares the thermal distribution and cardiovascular effects of exposure to a single MW frequency with effects of simultaneous exposure to two frequencies. Ketamine-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 58) were exposed individually to one of three conditions: 1-GHz, 10-GHz, or combined 1- and 10-GHz MWs at an equivalent whole-body specific absorption rate of 12 W/kg. The continuous-wave irradiation was conducted under far-field conditions with animals in E orientation (left lateral exposure, long axis parallel to the electric field) or in H orientation (left lateral exposure, long axis perpendicular to the electric field). Irradiation was started when colonic temperature was 37.5 degrees C and was continued until lethal temperatures were attained. Colonic, tympanic, left and right subcutaneous, and tail temperatures, and arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were continuously recorded. In both E and H orientations, survival time (i.e., time from colonic temperature of 37.5 degrees C until death) was lowest in animals exposed at 1-GHz, intermediate in those exposed at 1- and 10-GHz combined, and greatest in the 10-GHz group (most differences statistically significant). At all sites (with the exception of right subcutaneous), temperature values in the 1- and 10-GHz combined group were between those of the single-frequency exposure groups in both E and H orientations. During irradiation, arterial blood pressure initially increased and then decreased until death. Heart rate increased throughout the exposure period. The general, overall patterns of these changes were similar in all groups. The results indicate that no unusual physiological responses occur during multi-frequency MW exposure, when compared with results of single-frequency exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 21:159-166, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the Absence of an s-Band Energy Gap in Niobium.

No evidence for a superconducting tunneling s-band energy gap in single crystal Nb has been observed for any of the main symmetry directions investigated in Nb/oxide/Pb/sub o.7/Bi/sub 0.3/ and Nb/oxide/ In junctions. (auth)
Multi-flash 3D photography: capturing shape and appearance

We describe a new 3D scanning system which exploits the depth discontinuity information captured by the multi-flash camera proposed by [Raskar et al. 2004]. In contrast to existing differential and global shape-from-silhouette algorithms, our method can reconstruct the position and orientation of points located deep inside concavities. Points which do not produce an observable depth discontinuity, however, cannot be reconstructed. We apply Sibley’s method for fitting an implicit surface to fill the resulting sampling gaps [Crispell et al. 2006]. Extending this prior work, we model the appearance of each surface point by fitting a Phong reflectance model to the BRDF samples using the visibility information provided by the implicit surface.
Identification and Characterization of Multiple Forms of Bovine Brain N-Myristoyltransferase

N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes the co-translational addition of myristic acid to the N-terminal glycine of many cellular, viral, and fungal proteins which are essential to normal cell functioning and/or are potential therapeutic targets. We have found that bovine brain NMT exists as a heterogeneous mixture of interconvertible high molecular mass multimers involving ≈60-kDa NMT subunit(s). Gel filtration chromatography of partially purified NMT at low to moderate ionic strength yields NMT activity eluting as 391 ± 52 and 126 ± 17 kDa peaks as well as activity which profiles the protein fractions and likely results from NMT nonspecifically associating with background proteins and/or column matrix. Chromatography in 1 M NaCl causes 100% of this activity to elute as a single peak of ≈391 kDa. Subsequent treatment of the ≈391 kDa activity peak with an NMT peptide reaction product (i.e. N-myristoyl-peptide) results in ≈75% of the activity re-eluting as a ≈126-kDa peak in 1 M NaCl. Rechromatography also yields small amounts of a ≈50-kDa NMT monomer which increases with prior storage at 4°C. Up to 5 NMT subunits were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific immunoblotting with a human NMT peptide antibody and by cofactor-dependent chemical cross-linking with an 125I-peptide substrate of NMT. The prominent 60 kDa and minor 57-, 53-, 49-, and 47-kDa NMT immunoblotted subunits co-migrate with five of nine silver-stained proteins in an enzyme preparation purified >7,000-fold with ≈50% yield by selective elution from octyl-agarose with the myristoyl-CoA analog, S-(2-ketopentadecyl)-CoA. Storage at 4°C also leads to conversion of the larger NMT subunit(s) into 49 and 47 kDa forms with no loss of NMT activity. These results identify two interconvertible forms of NMT in bovine brain that result from NMT subunit multimerization and/or complex formation with other cellular proteins. The data also identify a fully active NMT monomer which arises from subunit proteolysis. This study thus reveals a previously unappreciated level of NMT complexity which may have important mechanistic and/or regulatory significance for N-myristoylation in mammalian cells.
Differential impact of state tobacco control policies among race and ethnic groups

AIMS: This paper describes patterns of racial and ethnic cigarette use in the United States and discusses changes in state-level tobacco control policies. Moreover, this paper reviews the existing econometric literature on racial and ethnic smoking and discusses the limitations of that research. Finally, this paper outlines an agenda for future research. METHODS: Patterns of racial and ethnic smoking and changes in state-level tobacco control policies in the United States were obtained from a variety of sources, including surveys and government and private documents and databases. After an extensive literature search was completed, the existing research was scrutinized and recommendations for much-needed future research were put forth. FINDINGS: Despite the fact that certain racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate share of the overall health burden of tobacco, less than a handful of econometric studies have examined the effects of state-level public policies on racial and ethnic smoking. The existing literature finds Hispanics and African Americans to be more responsive to changes in cigarette prices than whites. Only one study examined other state-level tobacco policies. The findings from that study implied that adolescent white male smoking was responsive to changes in smoke-free air laws, while adolescent black smoking was responsive to changes in youth access laws. CONCLUSIONS: While much has been learned from prior econometric studies on racial and ethnic smoking in the United States, the existing literature suffers from numerous limitations that should be addressed in future research. Additional research that focuses on races and ethnicities other than white, black and Hispanic is warranted. Furthermore, future studies should use more recent data, hold sentiment toward tobacco constant and control for a comprehensive set of tobacco policies that take into account not only the presence of the laws, but also the level of restrictiveness of each policy.
The Advisability of the Prudent Diet in Adolescence

Risk factor status for cardiovascular disease is affected by life style. Adolescence is a time during which long term life-style habits, including dietary habits, are established. Physicians who treat adolescent patients have a responsibility to be awae of the scientific evidence on the dietheart question so that they can provide their patients with sound dietary advice. The American Heart Association has recommended that Americans consume a "prudent diet" in which daily consumption of cholesterol is no more than 300 mg with up to 30–35% of calories derived from fat, and less than 10% of calories derived from saturated fat and less than 10% from polyunsaturated fat. This paper reviews this recommendation with particular reference to studies of adolescents. This review centers around four main issues: 1) the estimated effect on serum cholesterol levels of a switch from the usual American diet to the prudent diet; 2) the effect of a predicted decrease in serum cholesterol on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease; 3) evaluation of the evidence of possible adverse effects of the prudent diet; 4) feasibility of the prudent diet. Based on a review of these four issues, the authors feel that the American Heart Association's prudent diet should be strongly recommended for all healthy adolescents.
Single photon nonlinear optics in photonic crystals

We coherently probe a quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nano-cavity by scattering of a resonant laser beam. The coupled system's response is highly nonlinear as the quantum dot saturates with nearly one photon per cavity lifetime. This system enables large amplitude and phase shifts of a signal beam via a control beam, both at single photon levels. We demonstrate photon-photon interactions with short pulses in a system that is promising for ultra-low power switches and two-qubit quantum gates.
Failure of a new intramedullary device in fixation of clavicle fractures: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Operative fixation is gaining popularity in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Plates have traditionally been used in the surgical stabilization of these fractures. External fixators are rarely used, mainly being used in cases of open clavicular fracture or septic nonunion. Intramedullary devices behave as internal splints that maintain alignment of the fracture without rigid fixation. They are theoretically advantageous when compared with plate/screw devices because they entail minimal soft-tissue dissection and periosteal stripping, shorter hospital stays, cosmetic surgical exposure, and no skin prominence at the fracture site, and they avoid stress shielding. Intramedullary devices are now becoming streamlined to the anatomic specificities of the clavicle. The sigmoid shape of the clavicle dictates that intramedullary clavicle pins must be narrow and flexible enough to be installed through the curved medullary canal. The Sonoma CRx intramedullary clavicular pin (Sonoma Orthopedic Products, Santa Rosa, CA) is a new clavicle fixation pin that addresses the challenges of intramedullary fixation with a flexible head, grippers, and a buttressing screw. The flexible head contains grippers that extend within the medial fragment once the device is in place. Activation of the grippers transforms the flexible head into a rigid structure shaped according to the anatomic contours of the medullary canal. The locking screw is
Single-Strip Triangulation of Manifolds with Arbitrary Topology

Triangle strips have been widely used for efficient rendering. It is NP-complete to test whether a given triangulated model can be represented as a single triangle strip, so many heuristics have been proposed to partition models into few long strips. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for creating a single triangle loop or strip from a triangulated model. Our method applies a dual graph matching algorithm to partition the mesh into cycles, and then merges pairs of cycles by splitting adjacent triangles when necessary. New vertices are introduced at midpoints of edges and the new triangles thus formed are coplanar with their parent triangles, hence the visual fidelity of the geometry is not changed. We prove that the increase in the number of triangles due to this splitting is 50% in the worst case, however for all models we tested the increase was less than 2%. We also prove tight bounds on the number of triangles needed for a single-strip representation of a model with holes on its boundary. Our strips can be used not only for efficient rendering, but also for other applications including the generation of space filling curves on a manifold of any arbitrary topology. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Geometric algorithms, Triangulation, Stripification. G.2.2 [Graph algorithms]: Hamiltonian Path, Hamiltonian Cycle, Perfect Matching.
Professional Development in Adult Basic Education

A regional director of a staff development consortium provides his perspective on current adult basic education practice.
Non-LTE model atmosphere analysis of the early ultraviolet spectra of Nova OS Andromedae 1986

We have analyzed the early optically thick ultraviolet spectra of Nova OS And 1986 using a grid of spherically symmetric, non-LTE, line-blanketed, expanding model atmospheres and synthetic spectra with the following set of parameters: 5,000 < Wmodel _ 60,000K, solar abundances, p _ r -3, Vmax = 2000kms -1, L = 6 x 104Le, and a statistical or microturbulent velocity of 50 kms -1. We used the synthetic spectra to estimate the model parameters corresponding to the observed IUE spectra. The fits to the observations were then iteratively improved by changing the parameters of the model atmospheres, in particular Wmodet and the abundances, to arrive at the best fits to the optically thick pseudo-continuum and the features found in the IUE spectra. The IUE spectra show two different optically thick subphases. The earliest spectra, taken a few days after maximum optical light, show a pseudo-continuum created by overlapping absorption lines. The later observations, taken approximately 3 weeks after maximum light, show the simultaneous presence of allowed, semi-forbidden, and forbidden lines in the observed spectra. Analysis of these phases indicate that OS And 86 had solar metallicities except for Mg which showed evidence of being underabundant by as much as a factor of 10. We determine a distance of 5.1 kpc to OS And 86 and derive a peak bolometric luminosity of 5 × 104 L®. The computed nova parameters provide insights into the physics of the early outburst and explain the spectra seen by IUE. Lastly, we find evidence in the later observations for large non-LTE effects of Fe II which, when included, lead to much better agreement with the observations.
Reduction of Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin to Tetrahydrobiopterin by Nitric Oxide Synthase

Rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase (NOS) purified from transfected human kidney cells catalyzes an NADPHdependent reduction of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qBH2) to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Reduction of qBH2 at 25 μM proceeds at a rate that is comparable with that of the overall reaction (citrulline synthesis) and requires calcium ions and calmodulin for optimal activity; NADH has only 10% of the activity of NADPH. The reduction rate with the quinonoid form of 6-methyldihydropterin is approximately twice that with qBH2. 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin had negligible activity. Neither 7,8-dihydrobiopterin nor BH4 affected the rate of qBH2 reduction. Reduction is inhibited by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, whereas inhibitors of electron transfer through heme (7-nitroindazole and N-nitroarginine) stimulated the rate to a small extent. Methotrexate, which inhibits a variety of enzymes catalyzing dihydrobiopterin reduction, did not inhibit. These studies provide the first demonstration of the reduction of qBH2 to BH4 by NOS and indicate that the reduction is catalyzed by the flavoprotein "diaphorase" activity of NOS. This activity is located on the reductase (C-terminal) domain, whereas the high affinity BH4 site involved in NOS activation is located on the oxygenase (N-terminal) domain. The possible significance of this reduction of qBH2 to the essential role of BH4 in NOS is discussed.
Between-session intra-individual variability in sustained, selective, and integrational non-linguistic attention in aphasia

A number of studies have identified impairments in one or more types/aspects of attention processing in patients with aphasia (PWA) relative to healthy controls; person-to-person variability in performance on attention tasks within the PWA group has also been noted. Studies using non-linguistic stimuli have found evidence that attention is impaired in this population even in the absence of language processing demands. An underlying impairment in non-linguistic, or domain-general, attention processing could have implications for the ability of PWA to attend during therapy sessions, which in turn could impact long-term treatment outcomes. With this in mind, this study aimed to systematically examine the effect of task complexity on reaction time (RT) during a non-linguistic attention task, in both PWA and controls. Additional goals were to assess the effect of task complexity on between-session intra-individual variability (BS-IIV) in RT and to examine inter-individual differences in BS-IIV. Eighteen PWA and five age-matched neurologically healthy controls each completed a novel computerized non-linguistic attention task measuring five types of attention on each of four different non-consecutive days. A significant effect of task complexity on both RT and BS-IIV in RT was found for the PWA group, whereas the control group showed a significant effect of task complexity on RT but not on BS-IIV in RT. Finally, in addition to these group-level findings, it was noted that different patients exhibited different patterns of BS-IIV, indicating the existence of inter-individual variability in BS-IIV within the PWA group. Results may have implications for session-to-session fluctuations in attention during language testing and therapy for PWA.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection after intense weightlifting UCSF fresno department of cardiology

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of chest pain and cardiomyopathy. This phenomenon usually occurs during the peripartum period. SCAD associated with exercise and heavy weight lifting is even rarer and has been reported in less than 10 cases in the literature. We describe a case of SCAD associated with heavy weight lifting and exercise in a 29-year-old male who presented with exertional chest pain. The patient subsequently underwent a cardiac catheterization that showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% and a dissection in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery after the first diagonal/septal branch with extension to the distal LAD that wrapped around the apex. He was effectively managed with the combination of medical therapy followed by a few days later with stenting. In summary, diagnosis and treatment of this rare phenomenon is a challenge, but early diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to a successful outcome. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Homologous series of C1–C10 monocarboxylic acids and C1–C6 carbonyls in Los Angeles air and motor vehicle exhausts

Abstract Molecular distributions of monocarboxylic acids (C1–C10) and aldehydes (C1–C6) have been studied in the atmosphere of Los Angeles, as well as in motor exhaust and city dust samples. Acetic and formic acids followed by propionic acid were found to be the dominant organic acid in the gaseous phase. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are two dominant carbonyls, followed by propionaldehyde and glyoxal. The concentrations of organic acids and aldehydes in Los Angeles air during autumn 1984 was 0.52–5.2 and 0.94–5.8 ppb, respectively. In contrast, concentrations of the organic acids and aldehydes in motor exhaust collected under running modes were 140–410 and 340–2500 ppb, respectively. This suggests that internal combustion engines are important primary sources of both volatile organic acids and aldehydes in the urban atmosphere. By contrast, diurnal variations in concentrations of organic acids were observed during clear hot days (maximum temperature: up to 40°C), whereas such trends were largely absent during low overcast days. A positive correlation (r=0.8) was observed between the acid concentrations and maximum ambient temperatures, suggesting that secondary photochemical production of organic acids is much more important in Los Angeles than primary emissions from automobiles during daytime under strong solar radiation.
Strangulation of upper jejunum in subsequent pregnancy following gastric bypass surgery.

Summary Objective Gastric bypass is a surgical procedure that is popularly used to treat morbid obesity. Herein, we report a woman who had a rare gastrointestinal complication during the subsequent antepartum period following a gastric bypass surgery. Case Report After a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, a 32-year-old woman had unrelenting epigastria for one week at 36 weeks' gestation. An emergency cesarean delivery, followed by laparotomy, was performed. A female neonate was delivered with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Strangulation and gangrene of the upper jejunum caused by a fibrous band at the site of the Roux anastomosis were revealed. Segmental resection of the nonviable bowel was performed. The patient experienced a smooth postoperative course. Conclusion The awareness of internal hernias and small bowel strangulation should be addressed when unrelenting epigastric pain is present in women after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, during their first subsequent pregnancy.
COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY COLUMN 21

Open problems from the Fifth Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry (August 1993) are listed tersely.
Text and Tune, Speaking and Listening: Musical Resources in Pastoral Care

This article examines the power of music to help transform suffering. It draws on insights from the work of music theorist David Schwarz (1997) that bridges psychoanalysis, music, and culture; and from Daniel Levitin’s (2008) work on music and human nature, especially as it pertains to religion, ritual and songs. Schwarz describes listening to music as a process of retrospective fantasy and as a type of transference experience. If how we listen to music is shaped by traces of past experiences, then music as a resource in pastoral care has the potential to assist ministers in the process of guiding their parishioners to re-trace painful experiences in ways that “re-sound” with thoughts and feelings which have become an impediment to healing. A “case study” in which the author was a “player” (or more accurately performer) is briefly examined, and the role of music in the lives of Steve Lopez and Nathaniel Ayers (Lopez 2008) is explored to demonstrate how music—specifically religious music or song associated with religious ritual—is an overlooked resource for pastoral care. The article concludes with an illustration of how individuals’ personal associations with a hymn may have implications for pastoral care.
DIAL: a web server for the pairwise alignment of two RNA three-dimensional structures using nucleotide, dihedral angle and base-pairing similarities

DIAL (dihedral alignment) is a web server that provides public access to a new dynamic programming algorithm for pairwise 3D structural alignment of RNA. DIAL achieves quadratic time by performing an alignment that accounts for (i) pseudo-dihedral and/or dihedral angle similarity, (ii) nucleotide sequence similarity and (iii) nucleotide base-pairing similarity. DIAL provides access to three alignment algorithms: global (Needleman–Wunsch), local (Smith–Waterman) and semiglobal (modified to yield motif search). Suboptimal alignments are optionally returned, and also Boltzmann pair probabilities Pr(ai,bj) for aligned positions ai , bj from the optimal alignment. If a non-zero suboptimal alignment score ratio is entered, then the semiglobal alignment algorithm may be used to detect structurally similar occurrences of a user-specified 3D motif. The query motif may be contiguous in the linear chain or fragmented in a number of noncontiguous regions. The DIAL web server provides graphical output which allows the user to view, rotate and enlarge the 3D superposition for the optimal (and suboptimal) alignment of query to target. Although graphical output is available for all three algorithms, the semiglobal motif search may be of most interest in attempts to identify RNA motifs. DIAL is available at http://bioinformatics.bc.edu/clotelab/DIAL.
A calcium-driven conformational switch of the N-terminal and core domains of annexin A1.

Abstract In 1993, Huber and co-workers published the structure of an N-terminally truncated version of human annexin A1 lacking the first 32 amino acid residues (PDB code: 1AIN). In 2001, we reported the structure of full-length porcine annexin A1 including the N-terminal domain in the absence of calcium ions (PDB code: 1HM6). The latter structure did not reflect a typical annexin core fold, but rather a surprising interaction of the N-terminal domain and the core domain. Comparing these two structures revealed that in the full-length structure the first 12 residues of the N-terminal domain insert into the core of the protein, thereby replacing and unwinding one of the α-helices (helix D in repeat 3) that is involved in calcium binding. We hypothesized that this structure in the absence of calcium ions represents the inactive form of the protein. Furthermore, we proposed that upon calcium binding, the N-terminal domain would be expelled from the core domain and that the core D-helix would reform in the proper conformation for calcium coordination. Herein, we report the X-ray structure of full-length porcine annexin A1 in the presence of calcium. This new structure shows a typical annexin core structure as we hypothesized, with the D-helix back in place for calcium coordination while parts of the now exposed N-terminal domain are disordered. We could locate eight calcium ions in this structure, two of which are octa-coordinated and two of which were not observed in the structure of the N-terminally truncated annexin A1. Possible implications of this calcium-induced conformational switch for the membrane aggregation properties of annexin A1 will be discussed.
Shortest Confidence Intervals

(1969). Shortest Confidence Intervals. The American Statistician: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 22-25.
Preparation and physical properties of superhydrophobic papers

In this study, we developed a facile method for preparing a superhydrophobic paper surface using a multi-layer deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) and silica particles, followed by a fluorination surface treatment with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS, CF3(CF2)5CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3). The superhydrophobic wood fiber products prepared in this study have contact angles of water greater than 150° and sliding angles less than 5°. Besides their high water repelling property, the superhydrophobic paper products kept a high tensile strength at high relative humidity condition. The superhydrophobic paper products also showed high resistance to bacterial contamination.
Scale for assessing quality of life of children survivors of cranial posterior fossa tumors

Background Evaluation of quality of life of survivors of brain tumors is an important aspect of outcome that must be included in clinical studies.
Variable phenotype associated with duplication of different regions of 2p

Previous reports suggest that duplication of the distal part of 2p causes a distinct syndrome. Of the 20 published cases, all resulted from a parental translocation. We report here clinical and cytogenetic data on three patients with dup(2p) and few, if any, of the physical findings of the syndrome. Our data suggest that dup(2p) is associated with an extremely variable phenotype which may be quite mild in some cases. It is also possible that many of the nonspecific developmental anomalies thought to be part of the syndrome may be caused by the accompanying deletion.