cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human-centered approaches that integrate sensor technology across the lifespan: Opportunities and challenges.

ABSTRACT Children, parents, older adults, and caregivers routinely use sensor technology as a source of health information and health monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to describe three exemplars of research that used a human-centered approach to engage participants in the development, design, and usability of interventions that integrate technology to promote health. The exemplars are based on current research studies that integrate sensor technology into pediatric, adult, and older adult populations living with a chronic health condition. Lessons learned and considerations for future studies are discussed. Nurses have successfully implemented interventions that use technology to improve health and detect, prevent, and manage diseases in children, families, individuals and communities. Nurses are key stakeholders to inform clinically relevant health monitoring that can support timely and personalized intervention and recommendations.
Trends in Published Palliative Care Research: A 15-Year Review.

Background:There has been a call for palliative care (PC) published research to support the impact and need for more specialty PC services.Objective:The purpose of this study was to characterize re...
Intra- and extra-cellular environments contribute to the fate of HIV-1 infection

ABSTRACT HIV-1 entry into host cells leads to one of three alternative fates: 1) HIV-1 elimination by restriction factors, 2) establishment of HIV-1 latency, or 3) active viral replication in target cells. Here we developed an improved system for monitoring HIV-1 fate and provide evidence for the differential contribution of the intracellular environment as well as extracellular environment found in organs of BLT humanized mouse to the fate of HIV-1 infection.
Poison or antidote: How subnational informal institutions exacerbate and ameliorate institutional voids

Abstract We explore the mechanisms through which subnational informal institutions exacerbate or ameliorate voids in national formal institutions. Informed by a within-country, cross-sub-region case comparison, we find two exacerbating mechanisms: Competition between the logics embedded in national and subnational institutions and the sabotage of a formal national institution by a void in a subnational informal institution. We also find two ameliorating mechanisms: Strong subnational informal institutions substitute for weak national institutions and bridge voids in formal institutions. Finally, we identify the conditions of expectation alignment and engagement associated with the competition, sabotage, substitution, and bridging mechanisms. Our findings contribute to institutional theory by providing a more subtle and contingent understanding of the interaction between informal and formal, and subnational and national, institutions. Our results also suggest ways in which constrained managers and bureaucrats can reduce the effects of voids in national formal institutions.
Good boys, gang members, asylum gained and lost: The devastating reflections of a bureaucrat-ethnographer

Abstract State institutions and their acts of indifference, valorization, and violence operate through relationships, emotions, legal framings, and people. Engaging feminist geographic interventions, in this article we center state employees and their quotidian, affective relationships to asylum-seekers and the asylum process. We show how these actors embody state migration control through their daily practices. And we highlight the insights of former employees undertaking reflexive feminist research into their past working life. Drawing on the memories of one such “bureaucrat-ethnographer” (Valdivia), and our shared feminist engagement together, we outline three key insights for research on state migration practice. First, that the training state employees undergo aims to develop objective, neutral, and emotion-free decision-making, yet it relies on highly affective and biased state assumptions about asylum-seekers and their motivations. Second, while this training fosters simplified understandings of the causes and impacts of violence, a feminist geographic lens makes visible its complexly power-laden machinations. Last, we assert that state employees face distinct emotional pressures as they deal with devastation: the state's, their own, and that of asylum claimants. Valuing the insights of bureaucrats who become, or are at once, undertaking critical research disrupts intellectual divisions and hierarchies and complicates our understanding of the migration control practices of the state.
A Patient Navigator Intervention Supporting Timely Transfer Care of Adolescent and Young Adults of Hispanic Descents Attending an Urban Primary Care Pediatrics Clinic.

While comprehensive health care transition is associated with better health outcomes, navigating health care transition can be difficult for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), especially those with fewer resources. Our practice serves low-income patients from birth to their 26th birthday; many are medically and socially complex and experience several obstacles to navigate care. As a result, most have not initiated a transfer to adult medicine by age 25. This quality-improvement initiative was designed to implement a structured intervention that supports the planned transfer of care to adult primary care. Methods Informed by our baseline data on all patients eligible to transfer care, we designed a patient outreach workflow centered on a patient navigator (PN) intervention. We used a Plan-Do-Study-Act format to optimize our process and run charts to evaluate our intervention. Results Over 3 years, our PN reached out to 96% of patients (n = 226) eligible to transfer care and offered transfer assistance in person or in writing. Among those surveyed, 92% (n = 93) reported awareness of our practice transition policy, and 83% (n = 64) rated their confidence to transfer care at 3 or higher on a 5-point scale. Conclusions AYAs are aware of our practice transition policy, yet they welcome in-person transfer assistance. This intervention seems to improve their confidence to transfer care. However, despite PN outreach efforts, many remain empaneled in our practice and thus lack the self-care skills necessary to complete the transfer independently. Future transition interventions should address AYA's self-management skills toward transition readiness.
Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing COVID-19 Vaccines in Rural Areas

The United States has well-documented rural-urban health disparities, and it is imperative that these are not exacerbated by an inefficient rollout of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines to rural areas. In addition to the preexisting barriers to delivering and receiving health care in rural areas, such as high patient:provider ratios and long geographic distances between patients and providers, rural residents are significantly more likely to say they have no intention of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, compared with urban residents. To overcome these barriers and ensure that rural residents receive the vaccine, officials and communities should look to previous research on how to communicate vaccine information and implement successful vaccination programs in rural areas for guidance and concrete strategies to use in their local efforts. Graphical Abstract.
Slowdown: The End of the Great Acceleration—and Why It’s Good for the Planet, the Economy, and Our Lives

Tell your friend over coffee that the world feels like it is moving faster than it ever did before and that friend is very likely to agree with you. Your friend might even offer up an explanation f...
Supraclavicular Exposure of the Brachial Plexus

The anatomy of the supraclavicular brachial plexus is complex. Fibrosis from trauma distorts the anatomy making dissection even more challenging. This chapter presents technical pearls and pitfalls that may facilitate the exposure of the supraclavicular brachial plexus that can be incorporated into a surgeon’s armamentarium for exploration, neurolysis, intraoperative testing of neural elements, and reconstruction.
Impact of Complex Wounds on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Descriptive Study.

Purpose To describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Wound-Quality of Life (Wound-QoL) questionnaire for those individuals referred to an academic medical center wound clinic. Design Prospective, descriptive study. Subjects and setting One hundred eleven participants receiving care in an academic medical center wound clinic in the Southeastern United States. The sample comprised 67 males (60.4%) and 44 females (39.6%) with wounds of 6 major etiologies. Methods From June 2019 through May 2020, a convenience sample of 111 individuals completed the Wound-QoL questionnaire at the initial visit to the wound clinic. The Wound-QoL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool consisting of 17 questions related to wound-QoL measured on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not at all affected) to 4 (very much affected). The questions are assigned to the 3 subscales: "body," "psyche," and "everyday life." The Wound-QoL individual items, subscales, and the total wound score (TWS) were calculated as mean values of the item scores, ranging from 0 to 4, where higher values correspond to decreased HRQoL. The TWS is defined as the sum of the 17 item responses, with values ranging from 0 to 68. Descriptive and parametric statistics were used to analyze the data from the Wound-QoL questionnaire. Results The mean TWS was approximately 3 points higher for Whites (n = 84) than for Blacks (n = 27) (32.42, SD = 17.96 vs 29.51, SD = 19.39), but this difference was not significant (P = .473). An independent-samples t test of TWS versus sex was not significant (P = .446). The TWS by age category was significant (P = .015), showing differences in mean scores based on age category. We found that the youngest (ages 17-39 years) and oldest (ages 70-98 years) participants were less bothered by their wounds in almost all respects than those in the middle age range (ages 40-69 years). The individual item means varied between 0.84 and 2.72, out of a possible range of 0 to 4. The highest means were for items on the emotional subscale with means from 1.93 to 2.72. Analysis of variance was used to examine the TWS and the 3 subscales over the 6 wound types; none were found to be significant (TWS: P = .454, body: P = .722, psyche: P = .452, everyday life: P = .087). Conclusion Wound-QoL questionnaire scores indicated that the greatest impact of a wound on HRQoL was on the emotional subscale. These 4 items are related to the individual expressing worry, fear, unhappiness, or frustration with wound healing. The Wound-QoL questionnaire may be used to evaluate the impact the wound has on the individual's HRQoL.
Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History

1. The Neolithic Age and the Origin of Warfare {to c. 3000} 2. Early Dynastic Mesopotamia {3500-2334} 3. The Akkadian Empire {2334-2190} 4. The Neo-Sumerian Period {2190-2004} 5. War-Carts and Chariots 6. Middle Bronze Mesopotamia {c. 2000-1600} 7. Warfare in the Age of Mari 8. Mesopotamian Siegecraft 9. Syria and Lebanon 10. Canaan 11. Anatolia 12. Pre-Dynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt {3500-2687} 13. Old Kingdom Egypt {2687-2181} 14. Warfare during the Old Kingdom 15. First Intermediate Period Egypt {2190-2061} 16. Middle Kingdom Egypt {2061-1786} 17. The Military System of the Middle Kingdom 18. Early Second Intermediate Period Egypt {1786-1667}
Wind Energy Development on the United States Outer Continental Shelf: Balancing Efficient Development and Environmental Risks in the Shadow of OCSLA

Calls for United States energy independence and concerns about dwindling fossil fuel reserves have drawn national attention to the search for viable sources of alternative energy. One such source is offshore wind power generation. Offshore wind farms have already proven successful in Europe and Australia, but none yet exist off the coasts of the United States. A private proposal to build such a facility off the coast of Massachusetts has faced strong opposition. Debate exists as to whether the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act permits the federal government to lease areas of the Outer Continental Shelf for alternative energy development. Oil and gas extraction developments authorized under the Act have allowed accelerated development at the expense of the environment. This Note argues that a current proposal to amend the Act to include wind power generation facilities does not address the problems encountered by oil and gas developments, and calls for entirely
Component Specification and Wrapper/Glue Code Generation with Two-Level Grammar Using Domain Specific Knowledge

UniFrame is a framework for seamlessly assembling heterogeneous distributed components. It's based on the Unified Meta-component Model (UMM) for describing components. Systems constructed by component composition should meet both functional and non-functional requirements such as the Quality of Service (QoS). We propose a Component Description Language (CDL) to specify the UMM components based on domain specific knowledge in the context of UniFrame using Two-Level Grammar (TLG). CDL is also used for wrapper/glue code generation. A simple case study is illustrated to show how CDL may be applied.
Transcriptional regulation of puc operon expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Involvement of an integration host factor-binding sequence.

Abstract The putative overlapping consensus sequences (-129 to -105) for binding of fumarate nitrate reductase regulator- and integration host factor (IHF)-like proteins to puc operon upstream DNA of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was protected from DNase I digestion by purified Escherichia coli IHF. The binding of E. coli IHF to the purported IHF-binding site in the puc upstream DNA is highly sequence-specific. The recorded binding affinity was significantly lower than that of E. coli IHF to the lambda attP site. Employing site-directed changes in the DNA sequence within the -129 to -105 region, a loss in IHF binding, as monitored through gel retardation analysis, was correlated with alterations in puc operon expression monitored through the use of puc::lacZ transcriptional fusions. These results suggest that the IHF-binding site is involved in repression of puc operon transcription by oxygen as well as modulation of puc operon transcription levels by incident light intensity. Mutations specific to the upstream half of the putative fumarate nitrate reductase regulator-binding site of the puc upstream DNA did not show any physiological effects under the experimental conditions employed. Taken together, these studies reveal that the DNA sequence between -129 to -105 may involve facilitation of the interaction between upstream and downstream cis-acting regulatory sequences involved in puc operon expression.
LA NUCLEARIDAD Y LAS CONSTRUCCIONES DE GRADO ADJETIVAS

En este articulo pasamos revista a distintos criterios de nuclearidad con objeto de decidir si es el grado o el adjetivo el nucleo de la secuencia [G+A]. Nos encontramos en una situacion en la que ambos, el grado y el adjetivo, se comportan como nucleos dependiendo de cual sea el criterio que se considere. Asi, por un lado, teniendo en cuenta una nocion de nuclearidad segun la cual el nucleo de una frase es el miembro de dicha frase que determina las propiedades del conjunto y selecciona su complemento, el adjetivo sera el miembro de la construccion que determina fundamentalmente las propiedades de la secuencia [G+A], mientras que el grado, por su parte, sera el responsable de la seleccion semantica y categorial dentro de la frase. Por otro lado, hay una serie de argumentos sintacticos o formales que muestran bien a las claras que el grado es el nucleo sintactico de la construccion y toma como complemento al adjetivo graduable. Concluiremos, en fin, que la estructura de la secuencia [G+A] esta encabezada por el grado y usaremos la nocion de proyeccion extendida para dar cuenta de que tanto el grado como el adjetivo son responsables de ciertas propiedades del conjunto.
On computing generalized inverses

A method for computing the generalized inverse of a matrix is described, which makes use of elementary orthogonal matrices and theGaussian elimination. The method also yields orthonormal bases for the ranges and the null spaces of the matrix and the generalized inverse. Modifications of the method for the solution of simultaneous linear equations are given. Compact storage schemes, in the case of sparse matrices, are also described.
Analyzing the cultural content of web sites

Purpose – To explore the depiction of cultural values on international web sites.Design/methodology/approach – To measure cultural content on the web Singh and Matsuo's conceptual framework was used. Content analysis was used to study the cultural content on web sites from China, India, Japan and the US.Findings – The results indicate that local web sites of India, China, Japan and US not only reflect cultural values of the country of their origin, but also seem to differ significantly from each other on cultural dimensions.Research limitations/implications – This study validates the cultural value framework of Singh and Matsuo by successfully using it to analyze the cultural content on various country web sites. The study also provides evidence to international marketers and academics that instead of a “transnational web style” a culturally unique web style is emerging on the web.Practical implications – Marketers need to culturally customize their international web sites as the web is emerging as global...
Effect of the magnon dispersion on the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in yttrium iron garnets

We study the temperature dependence of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in an yttrium iron garnet ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (YIG)/Pt system for samples of different thicknesses. In this system, the thermal spin torque is magnon driven. The LSSE signal peaks at a specific temperature that depends on the YIG sample thickness. We also observe freeze-out of the LSSE signal at high magnetic fields, which we attribute to the opening of an energy gap in the magnon dispersion. We observe partial freeze-out of the LSSE signal even at room temperature, where ${k}_{B}T$ is much larger than the gap. This suggests that a subset of the magnon population with an energy below ${k}_{B}{T}_{C} ({T}_{C}\ensuremath{\sim}40\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ contributes disproportionately to the LSSE; at temperatures above ${T}_{C}$, we label these magnons subthermal magnons. The $T$ dependence of the LSSE at temperatures below the maximum is interpreted in terms of an empirical model that ascribes most of the temperature dependence to that of the thermally driven magnon flux, which is related to the details of the magnon dispersion.
DNA topology of highly transcribed operons in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Summary Bacteria differ from eukaryotes by having the enzyme DNA gyrase, which catalyses the ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of DNA. Negative supercoils are essential for condensing chromosomes into an interwound (plectonemic) and branched structure known as the nucleoid. Topo-1 removes excess supercoiling in an ATP-independent reaction and works with gyrase to establish a topological equilibrium where supercoils move within 10 kb domains bounded by stochastic barriers along the sequence. However, transcription changes the stochastic pattern by generating supercoil diffusion barriers near the sites of gene expression. Using supercoil-dependent Tn3 and γδ resolution assays, we studied DNA topology upstream, downstream and across highly transcribed operons. Whenever two Res sites flanked efficiently transcribed genes, resolution was inhibited and the loss in recombination efficiency was proportional to transcription level. Ribosomal RNA operons have the highest transcription rates, and resolution assays at the rrnG and rrnH operons showed inhibitory levels 40–100 times those measured in low-transcription zones. Yet, immediately upstream and downstream of RNA polymerase (RNAP) initiation and termination sites, supercoiling characteristics were similar to poorly transcribed zones. We present a model that explains why RNAP blocks plectonemic supercoil movement in the transcribed track and suggests how gyrase and TopA control upstream and downstream transcription-driven supercoiling.
Motion planning among time dependent obstacles

In this paper we study the problem of motion planning in the presence of time dependent, i.e. moving, obstacles. More specifically, we will consider the problem: given a bodyB and a collection of moving obstacles inD-dimensional space decide whether there is a continuous, collision-free movement ofB from a given initial position to a target position subject to the condition thatB cannot move any faster than some fixed top-speedc. As a discrete, combinatorial model for the continuous, geometric motion planning problem we introduce time-dependent graphs. It is shown that a path existence problem in time-dependent graphs is PSPACE-complete. Using this result we will demonstrate that a version of the motion planning problem (where the obstacles are allowed to move periodically) is PSPACE-hard, even ifD=2, B is a square and the obstacles have only translational movement. ForD=1 it is shown that motion planning is NP-hard. Furthermore we introduce the notion of thec-hull of an obstacle: thec-hull is the collection of all positions in space-time at which a future collision with an obstacle cannot be avoided. In the low-dimensional situationD=1 andD=2 we develop polynomial-time algorithms for the computation of thec-hull as well as for the motion planning problem in the special case where the obstacles are polyhedral. In particular forD=1 there is aO(n lgn) time algorithm for the motion planning problem wheren is the number of edges of the obstacle.
Detecting and Exploiting Second Order Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities in Web Applications

This paper describes a new class of denial-of-service (DoS) attack, which we refer to as Second Order DoS attacks. These attacks consist of two phases, one that pollutes a database with junk entries and another that performs a costly operation on these entries to cause resource exhaustion. The main contribution of this paper is a static analysis for detecting second-order DoS vulnerabilities in web applications. We have implemented our analysis in a tool called Torpedo, and we show that Torpedo can successfully detect second-order DoS vulnerabilities in widely used web applications written in PHP. Once our tool discovers a vulnerability, it also performs symbolic execution to generate candidate attack vectors. We evaluate Torpedo on six widely-used web applications and show that it uncovers 37 security vulnerabilities, while reporting 18 false positives.
Focusing Systems For High Energy Glass Lasers

Uniform illumination of spherical laser fusion targets requires the use of fast f-number multi-lens focusing systems. The University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) is presently in the design stages of a 24 beam Nd:glass laser system which will be used for fusion experiments. The target illumination system will consist of 24 multi-element f/1.6 lenses held in a symmetrical opposing beam geometry. This paper will summarize the results of a focusing system design study conducted by Itek Corporation for the University of Rochester, and further work performed at LLE.
A demonstration of hippocampal mossy fiber axon morphology using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.

A modified horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique that capitalizes on the anterograde transport of this glycoprotein was used to visualize the unique morphology of the hippocampal mossy fiber axon. Small iontophoretic injections of HRP in a solution containing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were made in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. The tissue was then processed for the localization of HRP using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as a chromogen. Small injections, coupled with short survival times (15–22 h) were found to optimally label small numbers of individual mossy fiber axons including the characteristic swellings that occur periodically along their extent. The HRP-labeled mossy fiber axons, which heretofore at the light-microscopic level could only be visualized using Golgi methods, could be traced for long distances when the hippocampus was sectioned perpendicular to the septo-temporal axis. Injections restricted to either blade of the dentate gyrus labeled both infra- and suprapyramidal mossy fiber axons. Both Golgi-stained and HRP-labeled mossy fiber swellings were observed to increase in size as the distance from the granule cell somata increased.
Effect of Ethoxylation and Molecular Weight of Cationic Surfactants on Nucleate Boiling in Aqueous Solutions

Saturated, nucleate pool boiling on a horizontal, cylindrical heater and the associated bubble dynamics in aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants of different molecular weight and ethoxylation or ethylene oxide (EO) content, are experimentally investigated. Boiling curves (q w ΔT sat ) for different concentrations and photographic records of the salient features of the ebullient behavior are presented, along with a characterization of interfacial properties (surface tension and contact angle). The surfactant additive significantly alters the nucleate boiling in water and enhances the heat transfer. The enhancement increases with concentration, with an optimum obtained in solutions at or near the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) of the surfactant. The photographic and visual observations indicate a markedly different boiling behavior than that of water, as well as between pre- and post-c.m.c. solutions. A lower molecular weight surfactant tends to reduce surface tension faster, and show better enhancement performance than its higher molecular weight counterpart. With EO groups in its molecular chain the surfactant solution becomes more hydrophilic, and the higher wettability tends to suppress nucleation, thereby weakening the boiling process. Also, enhancement in pre-micellar solutions is shown to depend on the dynamic surface tension, and the number of EO groups in and molecular weight of the surfactant.
HUMAN FACTORS IN HIGHWAY DESIGN AND OPERATIONS

Highway design and operational suitabiliy is largely based on the ability of drivers to use the roads safely and efficiently. Designers and highway and traffic engineers should have an appreciation of basic human factor considerations to provide suitable designs, maintain proper operations, and upgrade substandard roads. Key positive guidance principles leading to design and operational suitability include: Driver reception and use of information based on an information-decision-action driving task model; Information Handling Characteristics predicated on driver “single channel” attributes; decision sight distance to provide a margin for error in a cluttered environment; driver expectancy and design consistency in design and operations; and driver error reduction through proper design and operational procedures and information presentation. Given the present situation of limited resources, the highest pay-off for the application of human factor considerations is to enhance the operations and safety of existing arterials, city streets, and rural roads.
SDS: An Optimal Slack-Driven Block Shaping Algorithm for Fixed-Outline Floorplanning

This paper presents an efficient, scalable, and optimal slack-driven shaping algorithm for soft blocks in nonslicing floorplan. The proposed algorithm is called SDS. SDS is specifically formulated for fixed-outline floorplanning. Given a fixed upper bound on the layout width, SDS minimizes the layout height by only shaping the soft blocks in the design. Iteratively, SDS shapes some soft blocks to minimize the layout height with the guarantee that the layout width would not exceed the given upper bound. Rather than using some simple heuristic as in previous work, the amount of change on each block is determined by systematically distributing the global total amount of available slack to individual block. During the whole shaping process, the layout height monotonically reduces and eventually converges to an optimal solution. Two optimality conditions are presented to check the optimality of a shaping solution for fixed-outline floorplanning. In practice, to terminate the process of convergence early, we propose two different stopping criteria. We also extend SDS to handle other floorplanning problems, e.g., classical floorplanning. To validate the efficiency and effectiveness of SDS, comprehensive experiments are conducted on MCNC and HB benchmarks. Compared with previous work, SDS achieves the best experimental result with a significantly faster runtime.
Ionic-liquid-promoted decaborane olefin-hydroboration: a new efficient route to 6-R-B10H13 derivatives.

Unlike in conventional organic solvents where transition metal catalysts are required, decaborane olefin-hydroboration reactions have been found to proceed in biphasic ionic-liquid/toluene mixtures with a wide variety of olefins, including alkyl, alkenyl, halo, phenyl, ether, ester, pinacolborane, ketone, and alcohol-substituted olefins, and these reactions now provide simple high-yield routes to 6-R-B 10 H 13 derivatives. Best results were observed for reactions with bmimX (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, X = Cl - or BF 4 - ) and bmpyX (1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium, X = Cl - or BF 4 - ). Both the experimental data for these reactions and separate studies of the reactions of B 10 H 13 - salts with olefins indicate a reaction sequence involving (1) the ionic-liquid-promoted formation of the B 10 H 13 - anion as the essential initial step, (2) the addition of the B 10 H 13 - anion to the olefin to form a 6-R-B 10 H 12 - anion, and finally, (3) protonation of 6-R-B 10 H 12 - to form the final neutral 6-R-B 10 H 13 product. The 6-R-B 10 H 13 derivatives also undergo ionic-liquid-mediated dehydrogenative alkyne-insertion reactions in biphasic bmimCl/toluene mixtures, and these reactions provide high yield routes to 3-R-1,2-R'2-1,2-C 2 B 10 H 9 ortho-carborane derivatives.
Multivariate analysis of Gigantopithecus mandibles

Multivariate analysis of measurements of the teeth and mandibles of Gigantopithecus species has been conducted, using several methods. Results indicate Gigantopithecus is an aberrant form, less related to australopithecines and gorillas than the latter are to each other. Gracile and robust australopithecines differ considerably more than do male and female gorillas.
Determinants of patient compliance with allergen immunotherapy

Abstract Background : Allergen immunotherapy (AIM) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of allergic respiratory disease. Although it requires considerable patient commitment, little attention has been paid to the factors that contribute to patient compliance. Methods : Patients in a practice based at an urban university hospital, who discontinued AIM, were contacted to determine their reasons for stopping treatment. Results were correlated with demographic and disease data obtained from the patient charts. Results : Review of practice records identified 217 patients on AIM. One hundred forty-eight had allergic allergic rhinitis, (R), 66 had allergic rhinitis and asthma (RA), and 3 had allergic asthma without evidence of rhinitis (A). Seventy-four (50%) of the patients in the R group, 32 (48%) of the patients in the RA group, and three (100%) of those in the A group discontinued treatment. The groups differed in that 55% of the patients in the R group discontinued treatment because of inconvenience, compared with only 22% of the patients in the RA group ( p p Conclusions : Inconvenience is the major contributing factor in noncompliance with AIM. Regulations designed to protect patients from adverse reactions should balance the potential risk of reactions against the benefits of treatment and the effect of more stringent guidelines on patient compliance. (J ALLERGY CLin IMMUNOL 1993;91:734-7.)
1030 INCREASED PLATELET PROSTAGLANDIN FORMATION IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

Infants of diabetic mothers have an increased incidence of thrombosis. In an attempt to evaluate the role of the platelet in the etiology of this thrombotic tendency, platelet rich plasma (PRP) from 15 control maternal-neonatal pairs was compared to PRP from 6 pairs in whom maternal diabetes mellitus was present. Platelet Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation (n moles per 109 platelets) in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) or thrombin was measured as an indicator of platelet prostaglandin synthesis. Control maternal MDA values in the presence of NEM or thrombin were 3.23±0.31 (1SD) and 1.30±0.17 respectively, with control cord blood values being 2.46±0.61 and 0.90±0.19. There was a significant increase in platelet MDA to 3.74±0.49 (NEM) and 1.51±0.35 (thrombin) in the diabetic mothers. This finding was associated with platelet hyperaggregability in 3/6. Platelet MDA formation was also significantly increased in the infants of these diabetic mothers to 3.66±0.53 (NEM). Platelet hyperaggregability was present in 3/6 infants and was absent in all 15 control neonates. Platelet sizing did not differ significantly between the control or patient groups. Platelet prostaglandin synthesis appears increased both in the diabetic mother and her infant. The observed platelet hyperaggregability and increased Prostaglandin synthesis may contribute to the thrombotic tendency in the infant of the diabetic mother.
Functional characterization of a kindling-like model of ethanol withdrawal in cortical cultured neurons after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure.

Abstract Chronic ethanol exposure has been reported to alter NMDA and GABAA receptor function and gene expression in brain regions of animals and mammalian cultured cortical neurons. In the present study, we investigated the effects of another model of chronic, but intermittent, ethanol treatment (CIE) on GABAA and NMDA receptor systems in cortical neurons. CIE (50 mM ethanol, 12 h exposure/12 h withdrawal, 5 cycles) exposure produced increased [3H]MK-801 binding and diazepam insensitive binding sites as measured by [3H]Ro15-4513 binding to cortical cultured neuronal membranes, at 0 h following the last treatment cycle relative to control neurons. The NMDA mediated increase in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i was also increased following similar CIE treatment. CIE treatment also increased the ability of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to inhibit GABA mediated 36Cl− influx relative to control neurons. These effects were not reversible following 1 week ethanol withdrawal, implying enhanced sensitivity of PTZ to inhibit GABAA receptor mediated inhibition, and an increased NMDA receptor function in CIE treated cortical neurons. These alterations are consistent with the behavioral studies in animals, and suggest that both GABAA and NMDA receptors play an important role in ethanol withdrawal following either chronic or CIE exposure. Furthermore, this provides a feasible in vitro model for further biochemical and molecular studies of the mechanism underlying the CIE induced kindling-like phenomenon observed in humans.
Comparisons of brain metabolites observed by HRMAS 1H NMR of intact tissue and solution 1H NMR of tissue extracts in SIV-infected macaques

The objective of this study was to compare ex vivo proton high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectra of intact tissue with those spectra obtained by solution (1)H NMR of brain extracts of the same sample. Sixteen brain tissue samples from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques from both frontal cortex and putamen were evaluated by comparing brain metabolite quantities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), creatine (Cr), lactate (Lac), glutamate (Glu) and acetate (Ace). The ratios of the individual NMR peak areas of all metabolites relative to the creatine peak area were calculated. Linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between measurements using the two methods. The strength of the correlations varied depending on the metabolite studied. We found highly significant correlations for NAA/Cr (r2 = 0.77; p < 0.0001), NAA + Ace/Cr (r2 = 0.73; p < 0.0001) and MI/Cr (r2 = 0.75; p < 0.0001). We observed somewhat less strong correlations for Glu/Cr (r2 = 0.54; p < 0.002) and Lac/Cr (r2 = 0.54; p < 0.002). There was a substantially weaker correlation for Cho/Cr (r2 = 0.32; p = 0.02). When plotting the metabolite ratios obtained by 1H HRMAS NMR of the intact tissue sample on the ordinate vs 1H NMR of the tissue extract on the abscissa, most metabolites exhibited a slope close to unity, and a positive intercept probably due to macromolecular contributions to the MAS spectra. The slope for Cho/Cr was substantially less than unity. Generally, samples from the frontal cortex showed a better correlation between intact and extracted tissue samples than putamen. This is most prominent in the cases of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr. We conclude that both methods provide substantially the same information for most major brain metabolites, with the exception of the Cho resonance.
Shoulder to shoulder: celebrating the important work of direct support workers.

I want to talk about supporting staff, particularly direct support workers, about why it is important and why it is hard to do well, about how we all move forward together when we do, about what we are learning. What are we learning? We are learning to listen better to what staff members are saying: Tell me what my job is, help me get to know this person, offer meaningful training, help me understand how my role fits into the larger scheme of things, give me opportunities to talk about my work, value me and what I do. These are some of the things I like to talk about and sing about. I live in Madison, Wisconsin, with my wife and two daughters. I work for Options in Community Living (2001), which is a nonprofit supported living agency. We are involved with about 100 people who all live in their own homes in and around Madison. Some people have contact with Options staff just once or twice a week; others have staff members with them around the clock. There are about 150 people who work for Options, the vast majority of whom are direct support workers. As we carry out our day-to-day work with people, these are the values that guide us:
Interface attachment kinetics in alloy solidification

The current status of our understanding of nonequilibrium interface kinetics during solidification is reviewed. Measurements of solute trapping and kinetic interfacial undercooling during rapid alloy solidification are accounted for by the continuous growth model (CGM) without solute drag. Disorder trapping has been predicted and observed in the rapid solidification of ordered intermetallic compounds. In systems that undergo either solute or disorder trapping, a transition from short-range diffusion-limited to collision-limited growth occurs, which originates in the reduced driving free energy for the formation of such metastable materials, resulting in three orders of magnitude change in the interface mobility. Applications to cellular and dendritic growth are discussed. A correlation is presented for estimating the diffusive speed—the growth rate necessary for substantial solute trapping—for alloy systems in which it has not, or cannot, be measured. The raw data for Si(Bi) solute trapping measurements to which many models have been compared are presented in the Appendix.
Molecular Geometry of Benzaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde: A Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and ab Initio Molecular Orbital Investigation

The molecular geometries of benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde have been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction and ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the MP2(FC)/6-31G* level. Several...
Large Animal Models for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Large animal models have served as the foundation for clinical trials in all solid organ transplantation. Likewise, pre-clinical studies in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) have provided a foundation for initial human applications in VCA. The growth of clinical VCA correspondingly benefits from large animal studies investigating the unique immunobiology, improved immunosuppressive regimens, and the potential induction of immunologic tolerance. VCA studies in large animal models of nonhuman primates, swine, and canines have and continue to build knowledge towards improved clinical outcomes.
An Approach to Psychiatric School Consultation: What's Good about Bad Behavior

Abstract Experience with psychiatric consultation in the Cleveland Public Schools has shown that teachers are helped by understanding the defensive use of a pupil's behavior. The discovery of what is adaptive (good) about disruptive (bad) behavior can be enhanced by the recognition of common defensive behavioral patterns and their underlying causes. Examples are given to illustrate both the concepts and the consultation process.
The effects of melatonin on lipid deposition in cyprinodontid fishes and on pituitary prolactin activity inFundulus similis

The effect of melatonin treatment on lipid deposition inFundulus similis andCyprinodon variegatus was examined. Melatonin administration stimulates depletion of lipids inFundulus andCyprinodon acclimated to a long photoperiod; the action of this indolamine on lipid metabolism is independent of injection time inFundulus, but not inCyprinodon. Treatment ofFundulus with melatonin also causes a decrease in body fat in May when animals are maintained on a short photoperiod. However, an increase in lipids was observed inFundulus acclimated to a short photoperiod in July and treated with melatonin. These data suggest that the effects of melatonin on lipid deposition may depend on season and photoperiod conditions. Pituitary prolactin activity is reduced inFundulus treated with melatonin. The possibility that prolactin mediates the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism is discussed.
Measurement of shock wave rise times in metal thin films.

We have measured the rise time of laser-generated shock waves in vapor plated metal thin films using frequency-domain interferometry with subpicosecond time resolution. $10%$-- $90%$ rise times of $l6.25$ ps were found in targets ranging from 0.25 to $2.0\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ in thickness. Particle and average shock velocities were simultaneously determined. Shock velocities of $\ensuremath{\sim}5\mathrm{nm}/\mathrm{ps}$ were inferred from the measured free surface velocity, corresponding to pressures of 30--50 kbar. Thus, the shock front extends only a few tens of lattice spacings.
Charge form factors of pseudoscalar mesons.

The elastic charge form factors of the pion, kaon, D, and B mesons are calculated within a relativistic constituent quark model formulated on the light cone. Our parameter-free predictions agree well with the available data. The results are approximately independent of the assumed form of the light-cone wave function; in particular, they do not depend on the high momentum tail of the wave function for energies accessible to present experiments.
Excess fatality from desipramine in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the case fatality rate (CFR) from desipramine ingestion in children and adolescents with that of other tricyclic antidepressants. Method: All mentions of desipramine, amitriptyline, imipramine, nortriptyline, and doxepin in children and adolescents recorded in the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System from 1983 to 2002 were analyzed. The CFR for each drug was defined as the ratio of the number of deaths/number of mentioned exposures. Results: There were 24 fatalities in children younger than 6 years old (desipramine, n = 10; amitriptyline, n = 7; doxepin, n = 3; imipramine, n = 3; nortriptyline, n = 1) and 144 fatalities in older children and adolescents (desipramine, n = 56; amitriptyline, n = 30; doxepin, n = 16; imipramine, n = 31; nortriptyline, n = 11). The CFR from desipramine was significantly higher compared with the other tricyclic antidepressants in children younger than 6 years old (χ 2 = 36, p 2 = 155, p Conclusions: The excess CFR from desipramine in children and adolescents and the reports of sudden death in children treated with therapeutic doses call for caution in prescribing desipramine to children and adolescents.
Survival after community diagnosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Background "Rush to surgery" among patients with worse symptoms, delays related to morbidity, and inclusion of patients with advanced disease in study populations have produced a mixed picture of importance of time to treatment to survival of non-small cell lung cancer. Our objective was to assess the contribution of diagnosis to first surgery interval to survival among patients diagnosed in the community with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Patients with early-stage lung cancer (N = 174) at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins who were diagnosed and treated from 2003 to 2009 and followed through 2011 made up a prospective study of overall survival. Diagnosis to first surgery interval was examined overall, as 2 segments (referral interval and treatment interval), as short and longer intervals, and as a continuous variable. Results The majority of patients were female (55%) and aged more than 65 years (61%). The average mean referral and treatment delays were 61.2 and 5.9 days, respectively. Cox method hazard analysis revealed that older age (years) at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.05), stage IIB (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.12-4.21), large (>4 cm) (HR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.05-12.93) or unknown tumor size (HR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.21-16.38), and weeks from diagnosis to first surgery interval (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09) predicted worse overall survival. The threshold period of less than 42 days from diagnosis to surgery did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Patients seem to benefit from rapid reduction of tumor burden with surgery. Reasons for delay were not available. Nevertheless, referral delay experienced in the community is unduly long. In addition to patient choices, an unconscious patient or physician bias that lung cancer is untreatable or an inevitable consequence of smoking may be operating and needs further investigation.
α1‐Adrenergic Receptor‐Mediated Downregulation of Angiotensin II Receptors in Neuronal Cultures

Previous evidence has suggested that brain catecholamine levels are important in the regulation of central angiotensin II receptors. In the present study, the effects of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) on angiotensin II receptor regulation in neuronal cultures from rat hypothalamus and brainstem have been examined. Both catecholamines elicit significant decreases in [125I]angiotensin II-specific binding to neuronal cultures prepared from normotensive rats, effects that are dose dependent and that are maximal within 4-8 h of preincubation. Saturation and Scatchard analyses revealed that the norepinephrine-induced decrease in the binding is due to a decrease in the number of angiotensin II receptors in neuronal cultures, with little effect on the receptor affinity. Norepinephrine has no significant actions on [125I]angiotensin II binding in cultures prepared from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The downregulation of angiotensin II receptors by norepinephrine or dopamine is blocked by alpha 1-adrenergic and not by other adrenergic antagonists, a result suggesting that this effect is initiated at the cell surface involving alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. This is further supported by our data indicating a parallel downregulation of specific alpha 1-adrenergic receptors elicited by norepinephrine. In summary, these results show that norepinephrine and dopamine are able to alter the regulation of neuronal angiotensin II receptors by acting at alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, which is a novel finding.