cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased microstructural white matter correlations in left, but not right, temporal lobe epilepsy.

Microstructural white matter tract correlations have been shown to reflect known patterns of phylogenetic development and functional specialization in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to establish intertract correlations in a group of controls and to examine potential deviations from normality in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We investigated intertract correlations in 28 healthy controls, 21 left TLE (LTLE) and 23 right TLE (RTLE). Nine tracts were investigated, comprising the parahippocampal fasciculi, the uncinate fasciculi, the arcuate fasciculi, the frontoparietal tracts, and the fornix. An abnormal increase in tract correlations was observed in LTLE, while RTLE showed intertract correlations similar to controls. In the control group, tract correlations increased with increasing fractional anisotropy (FA), while in the TLE groups tract correlations increased with decreasing FA. Cluster analyses revealed agglomeration of bilateral pairs of homologous tracts in healthy subjects, with such pairs separated in our LTLE and RTLE groups. Discriminant analyses aimed at distinguishing LTLE from RTLE, revealing that tract correlations produce higher rates of accurate group classification than FA values. Our results confirm and extend previous work by showing that LTLE compared to RTLE patients display not only more extensive losses in microstructural orientation but also more aberrant intertract correlations. Aberrant correlations may be related to pathologic processes (i.e., seizure spread) or to adaptive processes aimed at preserving key cognitive functions. Our data suggest that tract correlations may have predictive value in distinguishing LTLE from RTLE, potentially moving diffusion imaging to a place of greater prominence in clinical practice. Hum Brain Mapp, 36:85–98, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Requirement of succinate dehydrogenase activity for symbiotic bacteroid differentiation of Rhizobium meliloti in alfalfa nodules.

Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the cellular morphologies of a wild-type Rhizobium meliloti strain (L5-30), a nitrogen fixation-ineffective (Fix-) succinate dehydrogenase mutant (Sdh-) strain, and a Fix+ Sdh+ revertant strain within alfalfa nodules and after free-living growth in a minimal medium containing 27 mM mannitol plus 20 mM succinate. The results showed a requirement of succinate dehydrogenase activity for symbiotic differentiation and maintenance of R. meliloti bacteroids within alfalfa nodules and for succinate-induced cellular pleomorphism in free-living cultures. Also, the Sdh- strain had a 3.5-fold lower rate of oxygen consumption in the defined medium than did the wild type. Images
A 6 pJ/bit transmitter front end in 130 nm CMOS technology for wireless interconnect

A wireless interconnect system offers solutions to the routing complexity and latency bottlenecks of the wired interconnect for multicore processors. In this paper, a simple transmitter front-end is developed as a component of a wireless interconnect system. Silicon cost and power consumption are primary design constraints. Direct up-conversion architecture is adopted for low power consumption by limiting the number of stages in the system. On-off keying modulation is employed to modulate the carrier with baseband binary data. The system consists of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and an on-off keying (OOK) Modulator. The designs achieve a 6 pJ/bit energy consumption and are implemented in 130nm CMOS Technology. The VCO consumes a power of 8.4 mW running at 11.3 GHz and the OOK modulator consumes 3.6 mW while transmitting a binary 1 at a single VDD. A data rate of 2 Gbps is achieved.
Function of the A-Type Cyclins During Gametogenesis and Early Embryogenesis

The cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase partners, the Cdks, are the basic components of the machinery that regulates the passage of cells through the cell cycle. Among the cyclins, those known as the A-type cyclins are unique in that in somatic cells, they appear to function at two stages of the cell cycle, at the G1-S transition and again as the cells prepare to enter M-phase. Higher vertebrate organisms have two A-type cyclins, cyclin A1 and cyclin A2, both of which are expressed in the germ line and/or early embryo, following highly specialized patterns that suggest functions in both mitosis and meiosis. Insight into their in vivo functions has been obtained from gene targeting experiments in the mouse model. Loss of cyclin A1 results in disruption of spermatogenesis and male sterility due to cell arrest in the late diplotene stage of the meiotic cell cycle. In contrast, cyclin A2-deficiency is marked by early embryonic lethality; thus, understanding the function of cyclin A2 in the adult germ line awaits conditional mutagenesis or other approaches to knock down its expression.
The Impact of Food Deserts on Food Insufficiency and SNAP Participation among the Elderly

Residents of neighborhoods with limited access to grocery stores may face barriers to obtaining adequate food for a healthy diet. Low‐income elderly may be uniquely affected by these so‐called “food deserts” due to limited transportation options, strong attachments to local neighborhoods, fixed incomes, and physical limitations for food shopping. Using 2006 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study data linked to census tract‐level measures of food deserts, this study measures whether living in a food desert affects food and material hardship, participation in food assistance programs, and the food spending of elderly adults. In both cross‐sectional and fixed effects regressions of elderly residents of urban counties, we find little evidence that living in a food desert affects these outcomes. We find, however, that individuals residing in a food desert without a vehicle are 12 percentage points more likely to report food insufficiency. Those SNAP recipients living in food deserts are 11 percentage points more likely to receive subsidized meals, while nonparticipants in food deserts and SNAP recipients outside of food deserts are less likely to receive subsidized meals. Our findings suggest that seniors without vehicles and SNAP recipients in food deserts may be the most vulnerable to limited food store access.
Editor's Introduction: Special Issue on the Next Big Questions in Psychology

In this issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, we learn what 18 leading psychologists believe are the next big research questions in their respective fields. I invited about 20 of our most...
Update on the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomibin Hematologic Malignancies

Abstract The ubiquitin–proteasome system plays a crucial role in eukaryotic cells in maintaining protein homeostasis. Through the disruption of a variety of pathways and cell cycle checkpoints, proteasome inhibition leads to apoptosis and in experimental models can overcome chemoresistance. Bortezomib is the first of its class of proteasome inhibitors tested in humans that showed promising activity in several tumor types, and especially in hematologic malignancies, in phase I studies. The remarkable results obtained in phase II studies in multiple myeloma (MM) led to its fast-track approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2003 for relapsed MM. More recent observation also revealed promising activity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This review will explore the rationale for the use of bortezomib in hematologic malignancies as well as provide an update on the results of ongoing studies and future directions for the use of this new agent in hematologic malignancies. The mechanism of action of bortezomib and its nonoverlapping toxicity profile make it a very appealing drug for combination with other chemotherapeutic or biologic agents. Bortezomib represents an excellent example of how progress in understanding the biology of cancer cells can impact clinical practice and lead toward a new era of rational therapeutics.
Analysis of proteoglycan expression in developing chicken brain: characterization of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that interacts with the neural cell adhesion molecule.

In the present study we have characterized the major proteoglycans of chick brain, focusing on their pattern of expression in development and on identifying the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that binds to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) are a heterogeneous group of molecules with an average MW of 450 kDa. Protein core analysis reveals multiple protein cores between 100 and 350 k Da, The HSPGs are somewhat smaller, with an average MW of 350 kDa, and the major brain HSPG possesses a 250 kDa protein core. During development the relative percentage of HSPG decreases from approximately 50% of total sulfate-labeled PG at E6 to 25% by E10. In order to begin to characterize the HSPG that interacts with NCAM, we initially used an antiserum produced against a HSPG which was previously shown to copurify with NCAM (Cole and Burg: Exp Cell Res 182:44-60, 1989). This antiserum immunoprecipitated a HSPG core protein of 250 kDa, corresponding to the major HSPG of chick brain. We also show that the major brain HSPG binds to a synthetic peptide that encodes the heparan sulfate-binding domain of NC AM, and that monoclonal antibodies to a recently identified chick retinal HSPG recognize this NCAM-binding HSPG. This HSPG was immunopurified from E10 chick brain using the 6D2 monoclonal antibody, and has been shown to bind an affinity column containing the heparan sulfate-binding peptide of NCAM. Consistent with its ability to bind NCAM, we show that the intact 6D2 HSPG inhibits cell adhesion to a HBD peptide substratum, and also binds chick brain cells when employed as a substratum. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Accounting income, stock price, and managerial compensation

Abstract This paper employs an agency model where a manager has a two-dimensional action choice to study how the information content of earnings affects the design of compensation contracts based on earnings and price. Price is modeled as an endogenous variable that reflects all available information, including earnings. Two settings are contrasted. In the first, earnings and price reflect the same underlying information about firm value, while in the second, earnings reflect a subset of the information reflected in price. It is shown that differences in information content substantially alter the characteristics of compensation contracts based on earnings and price.
3D visualization of cardiac tagged magnetic resonance image data using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS)

The paper demonstrates accurate, anatomically correct 3D visualization of left and right ventricles of the human heart from tagged magnetic resonance imaging data. Tagged MRI reveals 3D structural and motion information that is incorporated into the visualized models. We use Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) for our purpose, that allow non-uniform knot specification and weight specification of control points, an advantage over traditional uniform B-Splines. NURBS algorithms are numerically stable and fast. The myocardial models serve the purpose of (i) accurate visualization of tag planes and myocardial walls, (ii)checking tag tracking accuracy and registration errors, (iii)providing framework for 4D visualization and motion analysis, and (iv)obtaining accurate, memory efficient and compactly supported models of the heart in anatomical dimensions. We obtain excellent results on normal as well as pathological patient datasets.
Observations of Hydrogen Vibration Frequencies in Phosphates by Means of Inelastic Scattering of Cold Neutrons

Inelastic neutron scattering methods have proven successful in measuring the hydrogen vibrations in several hydrides. Using these techniques, measurements of the time-of-flight spectra of the scattered neutrons were made on K/sub 3/PO/sub 4/, K/sub 2/HPO/sub 4/, and KH/sub 2/PO/sub at room temperatare. (W.D. M.)
Enhancing the Conversation Skills of a Boy with Asperger’s Disorder through Social Stories™ and Video Modeling

This study combined Social Stories with video modeling in an effort to enhance the conversation skills of a boy with Asperger's Disorder. Treatment consisted of two components: (a) observation of video taped Social Stories that included two adults modeling targeted conversational skills and (b) 5-min social interactions. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the intervention and an increase in 2 out of 3 targeted conversation skills occurred. In addition, generalized behavior changes were observed. These findings provide support for including Social Stories as part of a video treatment package in teaching complex social interaction behaviors to young children with Asperger's Disorder.
Molecular excitations: a new way to detect Dark Matter

We believe that the Dark Matter (DM) search should be expanded into the domain of detectors sensitive to molecular excitations, and so that we should create detectors which are more sensitive to collisions with very light WIMPs. In this paper we investigate in detail diatomic molecules, such as fused silica material with large OH-molecule content, and water molecules. Presently, we do not have suitable low-cost IR detectors to observe single photons, however some OH-molecular excitations extend to visible and UV wavelengths and can be measured by bialkali photocathodes. There are many other chemical substances with diatomic molecules, or more complex oil molecules, which could be also investigated. This idea invites searches in experiments having large target volumes of such materials coupled to a large array of single-photon detectors with bialkali or infrared-sensitive photocathodes.
An efficient computational intelligence technique for affine-transformation-invariant image face detection, tracking, and recognition in a video stream

While there are many current approaches to solving the difficulties that come with detecting, tracking, and recognizing a given face in a video sequence, the difficulties arising when there are differences in pose, facial expression, orientation, lighting, scaling, and location remain an open research problem. In this paper we present and perform the study and analysis of a computationally efficient approach for each of the three processes, namely a given template face detection, tracking, and recognition. The proposed algorithms are faster relatively to other existing iterative methods. In particular, we show that unlike such iterative methods, the proposed method does not estimate a given face rotation angle or scaling factor by looking into all possible face rotations or scaling factors. The proposed method looks into segmenting and aligning the distance between two eyes' pupils in a given face image with the image x-axis. Reference face images in a given database are normalized with respect to translation, rotation, and scaling. We show here how the proposed method to estimate a given face image template rotation and scaling factor leads to real-time template image rotation and scaling corrections. This allows the recognition algorithm to be less computationally complex than iterative methods.
Use of α-chlorosulfides in indium promoted CC couplings: easy entry into the stereoselective formation of epoxy alkynes

Abstract The use of α-chlorosulfide compounds to control stereoselectivity in indium promoted CC couplings occurs smoothly at room temperature under aqueous and mixed aqueous/organic conditions. Use of the halide to control syn/anti ratios simplifies the indium promoted coupling with respect to earlier studies and is used to gain entry into stereocontrolled epoxy alkynes in good yields.
Activation of 5-HT3 receptor by 1-phenylbiguanide increases dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens

The serotonin-3 (5-HT3) agonist 1-phenylbiguanide (0.1-1.0 mM in perfusate) caused a robust, dose-dependent enhancement of extracellular dopamine content in nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis. This action was antagonized by co-perfusion of the 5-HT3 antagonists zacopride and GR38032F (1 mM in perfusate). Similar effects were observed in 5-HT-denervated rats. These findings suggest that there is a potent modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens mediated via 5-HT3 receptors, which appear to be located presynaptically on DA terminals of the mesolimbic DA pathway.
Beyond Malinowski and after Writing Culture: On the future of cultural anthropology and the predicament of ethnography

Following out certain implications of the 1980s Writing Culture critique, this paper envisions a future for anthropology that remains focused on innovations in the ethnographic research process. A sense of change in the world, conceived in the 1980s as postmodernity and now widely discussed as globalisation, suggests the need for an alternative paradigm of ethnographic practice, different in significant ways from that which shaped social-cultural anthropology over the previous eighty years. Based on working through the implications for the norms and forms of both fieldwork and ethnographic writing of the multi-sited design of many current research projects, this paper outlines such an alternative paradigm. Further, the paper argues that the explicit disciplinary dynamic driving such innovation in ethnography is, in contrast to the so-called crisis of representation of the 1980s, a more urgent crisis of reception for anthropology.
Temperature and Strain History Measurement During an Arc Welding Process

Evaluation of weld temperature field history, strain field history, and residual stress distribution are essential in predicting the performance of weldment during service. During an arc welding process electromagnetic field, radiation, and high temperature gradient away from the centerline of weldment affects measurement of temperature and strain history. The important and critical issues regarding temperature history measurement using thermocouples and strain history measurement using strain gages during the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process are explored and overviewed. Guidance is provided to properly select sensors and to reduce the measurement errors in such severe environments during GMAW. Results of experimental temperature and strain history during GMAW are presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Robotic-Assisted Major Pancreatic Resection and Reconstruction

HYPOTHESIS Robotic-assisted pancreatic resection and reconstruction are safe and can reproduce perioperative results seen in open surgery. DESIGN Single-institution retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS Patients undergoing completed robotic-assisted pancreatic resection and reconstruction at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between October 3, 2008, and February 26, 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary pathology, operative time, operative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusions, pancreatic fistula, 90-day morbidity and mortality, and readmission rate. RESULTS Thirty patients with a median age of 70 years (range, 32-85 years) underwent completed robotic-assisted pancreatic resection and reconstruction. Procedures were robotic-assisted non-pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 24), robotic-assisted central pancreatectomy (n = 4), and the robotic-assisted Frey procedure (n = 2). The median operative time was 512 minutes (range, 327-848 minutes). The median blood loss was 320 mL (range, 50-1000 mL), with a median length of hospital stay of 9 days (range, 4-87 days). The final diagnoses included periampullary adenocarcinoma (n = 7), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 6), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (n = 5), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (n = 4), mucinous cystic neoplasm (n = 3), serous cystic adenoma (n = 2), chronic pancreatitis (n = 2), and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (n = 1). There was 1 postoperative death. The overall pancreatic fistula rate was 27% (n = 8). The clinically significant pancreatic fistula rate (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula grades B and C) was 10% (n = 3). Clavien grade III and IV complications occurred in 7 patients (23%), while Clavien grade I and II complications occurred in 8 patients (27%). CONCLUSIONS Robotic-assisted complex pancreatic surgery can be performed safely in a high-volume pancreatic tertiary care center with perioperative outcomes comparable to those of open surgery. Advances in robotic technology and increasing experience may improve long operative times.
A technique for making an esthetic maxillary complete denture surgical stent

A technique for making an esthetic complete denture as a surgical stent to be used in conjunction with hydroxyapatite augmentation surgery of the maxillary arch is presented. The technique involves the use of an articulator, a remount jig, and duplication of a surgically prepared cast.
A novel alternate approach for multiscale thermal transport using diffusion in the Boltzmann Transport Equation

The Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) with the single Relaxation Time Approximation (RTA) can be employed to simulate energy transport in the sub-continuum regime, as long as the particle assumption for the heat carriers is valid. Here, analytical and numerical solutions of the BTE in one space dimension are obtained for two different sets of boundary conditions. For the steady case, numerical solutions obtained are found to be identical (to within purely numerical error) to the analytical solutions. Transient solutions are obtained using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Additionally, the impact of introducing a diffusive term in the BTE is investigated. When the diffusive model is solved, an increasing gradient (but no jump) in the temperature at the boundaries is observed as the Knudsen number (Kn) increases. The results for the transient case are compared to those obtained from the Fourier solution for small values of Kn. It is observed that the BTE with an added diffusion term is applicable for all Kn.
A new species of flourensia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from northern Peru

Flourensia cajabambensis, a new species from northern Peru, is described and illustrated, and its relationships are discussed. A key to the Peruvian species ofFlourensia is presented.
Tuning fluorescence properties of imidazole derivatives with thiophene and thiazole

Abstract The steric effect from aromatic species at the 2-position has been evaluated in 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole system. The steric interaction from the 2-position has a direct impact on the fluorescent properties. There is a correlation between the twist and fluorescence quantum yield. The larger the twist is, and the more reduction of quantum yield it will have. The use of thiazole at the 2-position almost eliminates the interaction and retains the coplanarity. As a result, the substitution at the 1-position does not compromise the quantum yield.
Two-dimensional mass spectrometry of biomolecules at the subfemtomole level.

Abstract Multiple dimensions of unique molecular structure information can now be obtained from proteins and DNA using mass spectrometry. Less than 10 −16 mol of the active major histocompatibility complex signaling peptide in a mixture of thousands can be identified. For large proteins (>40 kDa), the high resolving power (>10 5 ) and 10 −17 mol sensitivity of Fourier-transform mass spectrometry provide exact molecular weight values (± 1 or 2 Da) for mixture components, indicating errors or modifications compared with the predicted DNA sequence. Selecting a specific molecular species, its two-dimensional spectrum indicates the part of the molecule that is modified; a three-dimensional spectrum of that fragment further isolates the modification site.
Structure nor stability of the transmembrane spanning 6/7 domain of presenilin I correlates with pathogenicity.

Abstract Since its cloning in 1995, missense point mutations in presenilin I (PS-I) have been shown to be responsible for greater than 70% of the cases of early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (EOFAD), which can affect individuals as early as age 18. PS-I is known to be a component of γ-secretase, the enzyme responsible for cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) into 42 amino acid peptides that aggregate to form the plaques surrounding neurons of Alzheimer’s patients. It has recently been hypothesized that wild-type (wt) PS-I contains an autoinhibitory module that prevents γ-secretase cleavage of the APP, while pathogenic PS-I point mutants lack a structure necessary for this inhibition. In this work, spectroscopic data is presented that does not correlate structure or stability of the proposed PS-I autoinhibitory module with pathogenicity.
Embedding Choice in the Context of Daily Routines: An Experimental Case Study.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of individualized, embedded choice opportunities in daily routines on the task initiations and protests by one man with severe disabilities. An initial functi...
Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Through Lipoic Acid Synthase: A Novel Strategy to Manage Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a major etiological factor in the development of cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance contribute to the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have damaging effects on various macromolecules within the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial damage within the endothelial cells lining the vasculature causes endothelial dysfunction, a critical event in atherosclerosis. In diabetes, deficiency of the antioxidant defense network prevents the generation of a robust response to counter the damaging effects of ROS. Since oxidative stress is the underlying factor for the damages inflicted by hyperglycemia, a logical therapeutic approach is to use antioxidants to quench ROS produced within the mitochondria. Lipoic acid (LA) is a potent mitochondrial antioxidant and an essential cofactor of α-ketoacid dehydrogenases. Clinical studies testing the effects of LA supplementation in diabetes and its complications have yielded promising results, especially with regard to management of diabetic neuropathy. Endogenously, LA is synthesized within the mitochondria by the enzyme, Lipoic acid synthase (LASY). This review describes a novel therapeutic approach which is aimed at increasing expression of LASY to enhance mitochondrial levels of LA. Such a strategy has the potential of improving mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and insulin resistance, translating to better metabolic control in diabetes and preventing cardiovascular disease.
Relationship of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin to size and adiposity of under-yearling chinook salmon.

Abstract Sub-yearling spring chinook salmon were fed either a LoFat or HiFat diet from February to November. Fish were sampled over 2 days in November, following 24- and 48-h fasts. Length vs. weight relationships between fish fed the two diets were similar; however, fish fed the HiFat diet had roughly twice the body lipid as fish fed the LoFat diet (9% vs. 4.5%, respectively). Plasma IGF-I vs. length relations between fish fed the two diets were similar; overall, there was a strong relation between plasma IGF-I and length ( r 2 =0.53). Similarly, plasma log (insulin) vs. length relations did not vary between the two diets; however, the relationship of log (insulin) vs. length was weak ( r 2 =0.2). There was little or no relationship between plasma IGF-I or log (insulin) and body adiposity. Finally, there was a weak relationship between plasma IGF-I and log (insulin) ( r 2 =0.23).
Climate Model Forecast Experiments for TOGA COARE

Abstract Short-term (1–10 day) forecasts are made with climate models to assess the parameterizations of the physical processes. The time period for the integrations is that of the intensive observing period (IOP) of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The models used are the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model, version 3.1 (CAM3.1); CAM3.1 with a modified deep convection parameterization; and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Atmospheric Model, version 2 (AM2). The models were initialized using the state variables from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). The CAM deep convective parameterization fails to demonstrate the sensitivity to the imposed forcing to simulate precipitation patterns associated with the Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs) present during the period. AM2 and modified CAM3.1 exhibit greater correspondence to the observations at the TOGA COARE site, suggesting that convective pa...
Models of Nonlinear Vibration. III. Oscillator with Bilinear Mass

(1989). Models of Nonlinear Vibration. III. Oscillator with Bilinear Mass. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 108, No. sup467, pp. 257-264.
Myxovirus Envelope Proteins: A Directing Influence on the Fatty Acids of Membrane Lipids

Acyl chain compositions of the lipids of three strains of influenza virus show differences not anticipated from current theories of myxovirus assembly. Fatty acids of viruses with antigenically related envelope proteins show greater resemblance than those of an unrelated strain, which suggests that these proteins influence the composition of membrane lipids at the site of viral release.
Religious Therapists and Clients in Same-Sex Relationships: Lessons from the Court Case of Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Service, Inc.

Therapist and client values play an important role in the therapeutic process. When these values conflict, the process can be inhibited. One scenario in which clear value conflicts can be seen is when individuals in same-sex relationships work with therapists who have differing values, stemming from their religious convictions. This paper discusses Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Service, Inc., a legal case that encompasses this dilemma. Further, a theoretical overview of value conflicts is given and specific attention is paid to how some religious therapists triangulate their values into therapy in a way that impedes the process of working with clients in same-sex relationships. Further, four strategies are given that help therapists manage anxiety that can arise from value differences.
Indices of fetal growth-retardation, perinatal hypoxia-related factors and childhood neurological morbidity

Abstract Data from seven-year-old children ( N = 4535) who were enrolled prenatally during the 1960s and born at term in the Boston sector of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP) have been used to study the association of 7-year neurological morbidity with symmetric and asymmetric intrauterine growth-retardation (IUGR), head circumference at birth, and perinatal hypoxia-related factors (PHRF). In the absence of hypoxia-related factors, symmetric and asymmetric IUGR children were not at higher risk for neurological morbidity compared to nonIUGR children. In the presence of perinatal hypoxia-related factors, IUGR children were more likely to be neurologically abnormal compared to non-IUGR children, and the more severe form of IUGR (symmetric) appeared to be associated with a slightly higher risk than was the asymmetric form. Small head circumference was associated with increased risk of neurological abnormality regardless of the presence of PHRF. Potential metabolic and neurodevelopmental explanations for these findings are discussed.
Propofol Infusion Syndrome

A review of the history, incidence, presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of propofol infusion syndrome.
Gender and state bias in Jamaican housing programs

Abstract Women head over 40% of Jamaican households and have grave housing needs. We examine women's access to Jamaica's National Housing Trust (NHT), created to finance housing for those most in need. We identify two gender biases. (a) The stronger gender bias is created by economic obstacles, cultural prejudices and institutional rules that prevent many women, especially poorer ones, from becoming eligible for housing loans. Despite women's greater housing need, NHT allocates most of its loans to men. (b) Among eligible loan recipients, who are primarily more secure formal sector employees, women have a higher probability of obtaining a loan. Additionally, while most of NHT's loans go to state employees, men in both the public and private sectors capture a disproportionate share of NHT's loans.
Homomorphisms inducing isomorphisms in Lie algebra cohomology

Abstract In this paper we investigate the relationship between maps of restricted Lie algebras and their corresponding restriction maps in cohomology. It will be shown that given certain conditions on the restriction maps one can conclude that the kernel and/or cokernel of the original map are cohomologically trivial.
Body mass index (BMI) in newly admitted child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a major problem among children and adolescents suffering from chronic mental illness. State-of-the-art measures such as body mass index (BMI) and growth-related weight charts are now readily available to clinicians and investigators interested in psychotropic drug-associated weight gain in the pediatric population. However, no reports that utilize such measures in large series of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are available. Methods The authors employed the Nutstat module of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epi Info software to assess BMI in a psychiatry inpatient child and adolescent population in Central Virginia. The authors also developed a scoring system to relate psychotropic administration to BMI. Results Children and adolescents with chronic mental illness had greater BMI measurements than the general pediatric population. Our scoring system found a relationship between antipsychotic drug administration and increased BMI that almost reached a level of significance (p = 0.062). Conclusions The present methodology using absolute weight to assess psychotropic drug-associated increase in body weight for children and adolescents is unsatisfactory. The authors offer a new and convenient methodology to correct this problem.
Releasing Stored Solar Energy within Pond Scum: Biodiesel from Algal Lipids

Microalgae have emerged as an attractive feedstock for the mass production of renewable transportation fuels due to their fast growth rate, flexible habitat preferences, and substantial oil yields. As an educational tool, a laboratory was developed that mimics emerging algal biofuel technology, including the extraction of algal lipids and transesterification into biodiesel. First, students were introduced to algae as an energy feedstock and taught how to cultivate and harvest algal biomass. Next, students learned how to convert algal biomass to a transportation fuel using transesterification and extraction, including an experimental comparison of base- and acid-catalyzed transesterification methods. The energy content of homemade algae biodiesel was determined and compared to soybean biodiesel and petroleum diesel using a homemade calorimeter.
A novel canine model for prostate cancer

BACKGROUND No existing animal model fully recapitulates all features of human prostate cancer. The dog is the only large mammal, besides humans, that commonly develops spontaneous prostate cancer. Canine prostate cancer features many similarities with its human counterpart. We sought to develop a canine model of prostate cancer that would more fully represent the features of human prostate cancer than existing models. METHODS The Ace-1 canine prostate cancer cell line was injected transabdominally under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance into the prostates of immunosuppressed, intact, adult male dogs. Tumor progression was monitored by TRUS imaging. Some dogs were subjected to positron emission tomography (PET) for tumor detection. Time of euthanasia was determined based on tumor size, impingement on urethra, and general well-being. Euthanasia was followed by necropsy and histopathology. RESULTS Ace-1 tumor cells grew robustly in every dog injected. Tumors grew in subcapsular and parenchymal regions of the prostate. Tumor tissue could be identified using PET. Histological findings were similar to those observed in human prostate cancer. Metastases to lungs and lymph nodes were detected, predominantly in dogs with intraprostatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS We have established a minimally invasive dog model of prostate cancer. This model may be valuable for studying prostate cancer progression and distant metastasis. Prostate 73: 952–959, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a mouse cell line containing the ΦX174 am3 allele as a target for detecting mutation

Abstract Transgenic mice containing multiple copies of the ΦX174 am3 allele are being developed as a model for detecting tissue-specific in vivo mutation. In order to derive an analogous system for measuring am3 mutation in vitro, cells were cultured from 15-day-old C57Bl/6J mouse embryos that were homozygous for the transgene and these cells were transfected with a plasmid expressing the SV40 large T-antigen. Two G418-resistant colonies were isolated from this culture and expanded to continuously proliferating cell lines (PX-1 and PX-2). Line PX-2 was treated with up to 1.0 mg/ml of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), assayed for survival by cloning efficiency after overnight culture, and assayed for am3 mutations after 5 days of culture. Survival decreased to 31% at the highest dose of ENU, while mutant frequency increased with dose from approximately 2×10−7 in the untreated cells to 13×10−7 in cultures treated with 0.6 mg/ml of ENU. PX-2 cells also were treated with 0 and 0.6 mg/ml of ENU and mutant frequency assays were performed after 5, 24, 48 and 72 h of growth. The mutant frequency in the treated culture increased to 20×10−7 at 48 h and remained approximately the same at 72 h. These results indicate that PX-2 cells should be a useful resource for developing the in vivo am3 mutant assay and for evaluating the sensitivity of the am3 allele to various classes of mutagens.
Protest music as political persuasion

(1988). Protest music as political persuasion. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 25-38.
A 5000year record of intertidal peat stratigraphy and sea level change from northwest Alaska

Abstract Coastal environments of northwest Alaska preserve a detailed record of sea level change during the past 5000 14 C yr. Rapid burial of intertidal marshes by storm overwash processes, a short open water period, and the arctic maritime climate contribute to the preservation of marine and eolian facies. Eustatic and storm-controlled changes in sea level can be identified from interbedded sequences of marsh peat and coastal flood deposits on barrier islands and estuaries along northwest Seward Peninsula. Mean eustatic sea level has risen about 1.5 m during the last 5000 years, at an average of ca. 0.028 cm yr−1, based on the depth and age relationship of a suite of 23 peat horizons sampled from a 140 km-long reach of coast. Nearshore erosion and sedimentation are controlled by secular variations in wave climate. Peaks in tidal amplitude and storminess correlate with transgressive sedimentary regimes and occurred during the periods 3300–1700, 1200–900, and since about 400 14 C yr BP. Short-term fluctuations in relative sea level are superimposed on the long-term regional eustatic trend, and record the coastal response to variable rates of sea-level change during the late Holocene.
The influence of non‐Newtonian flow on effective viscosity and channel efficiency in screw pumps

A method is given for selecting the “effective viscosity” for isothermal flow of non-Newtonian liquids in screw pumps or melt extruders. Effective viscosity is the Newtonian viscosity that would give the same screw-pump performance with non-Newtonian liquids at the same flow rate and speed. When effective viscosity is known, it can be inserted in performance equations for simple Newtonian flow. The analysis is restricted to shallow screw-pump channels with large aspect ratios and to shear stress/shear rate curves with modest curvatures when shown in a double logarithmic plot. The shear stress/shear rate curve is replaced by a power-law tangent to that curve in the domain of prevailing shear rates, but the analysis could be extended to more complex behavior. Curves are also included for calculating the efficiency of the screw-pump channel, which can be used to estimate the energy dissipated in screw-pumps. It is shown that efficiency decreases with decreasing power-law exponent.
Cholinesterase is associated with the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction

THE cholinesterase (ChE) of skeletal muscle is concentrated at the neuromuscular junction, where it hydrolyses acetylcholine released from the nerve terminal1–5. In frog muscle treated with a histochemical stain for ChE, enzyme activity is demonstrable at all terminal branches of the neuromuscular junction (Fig. 1a), with the reaction product occupying the synaptic cleft between nerve and muscle (Fig. 1d)1,6. A particulate enzyme, ChE was assumed to be integral to the postsynaptic plasma membrane2 until Hall and Kelly7 showed that mild protease treatment of intact muscles released active ChE into the medium without apparent damage to the plasma membrane. One possibility raised by this result is that ChE is associated with the basal lamina (BL; sometimes called basement membrane) that runs through the synaptic cleft8. This idea was supported by the finding that a subunit of ChE from electric organs of fishes and rays has several properties in common with collagen9–11, a protein known to be a principal component of BLs12. Here, we present direct evidence that junctional ChE is associated with the BL of the synaptic cleft in skeletal muscle.
WEATHER, SEASONAL TRENDS AND PROPERTY CRIMES IN MINNEAPOLIS, 1987–1988. A MODERATOR-VARIABLE TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF ROUTINE ACTIVITIES

This research examines the relevance of routine activity theory to three property offences: burglary, robbery, and larceny-theft. We hypothesized that temperature would combine with time of day to predict these offences. This hypothesis was tested using a moderator-variable time-series analysis of property crime reports to police in Minneapolis over a 2-year period. The analysis indicated that time of day and day of the week were the best predictors of all three property crimes. After controlling for 281 temporal variables (e.g. holidays, school closings, and interactions with time of day and day of the week), temperature also emerged as a significant predictor of property offences. Contrary to Queletet's thermic law, more crimes were reported during summer than other months. The results are consistent with predictions derived from routine activity theory.
Ionic events responsible for the cardiac resting and action potential.

The cardiac action potential is distinguished from other excitatory phenomena by a prominent plateau and by the latent pacemaking capability of cardiac muscle. A review of experimental data suggests that ionic fluxes through gated membrane channels are the primary determinants of the shape of the cardiac action potential. The rapid depolarization phase of the action potential is mediated in part by an ionic channel that resembles the sodium ion (Na + ) channel of nerve. A slower channel capable of carrying both calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) and Na + currents (I si ) also contributes to the upstroke of the action potential. The Ca 2+ current through this channel is partly responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential. Moreover, because this slower channel activates at more positive potentials, the flux of Ca 2+ is thought to mediate the slow action potentials in partly depolarized myocardium or in specialized conduction tissue such as the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Two distinct transport systems appear to be the principal regulators of potassium ion (K + ) in myocardium. An inwardly rectifying, voltage-dependent K + channel apparently maintains all K + conductance at rest and at all potentials negative to −20 mV. A second channel, which is both voltage- and time-dependent, evidently mediates K + flux during the plateau phase of the action potential. This K + current activates at potentials positive to −20 mV. The role of coupled transport mechanisms is now well established. The low intracellular concentrations of Na + and Ca 2+ prevailing in the myocardium are maintained by an electrogenic Na + pump and a Na + -Ca 2+ counter-transport system. Current data on carrier-mediated transport systems are insufficient to delineate the role of such mechanisms in the control of cardiac action potential. Further studies are required to provide details of the voltage, temporal and ionic dependence of gated channels, as well as of ionic counter-transport carriers, so that a quantitative reconstruction of cardiac action potential may be attempted.
Pharmacodynamics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide in healthy humans: Correlation of the kinetics of the drug and its effects

The effects on heart rate, R-T' interval, and mean arterial blood pressure were studied in seven healthy male volunteers after intravenous (1 and 2 mg/kg) and oral (3 and 6 mg/kg) administration of the quinidine-like antiarrhythmic disopyramide phosphate, 4-diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide phosphate. The left ventricular ejection time was measured after intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg of drug. Simultaneously the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the parent drug and its main metabolite, the monodealkylated product, were monitored as a function of time. Heart rate increases of 20% were observed at 2 mg/kg i.v. and 6 mg/kg p.o. and peaked at 0–4 min and 2 hr after administration, respectively. R-T' interval increases of 40% and 9% were observed at 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg i.v., respectively, and peaked at 0–2 min after administration. R-T' interval increases of 12% and 4% were observed at 6 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg p.o., respectively, and peaked at 2.5 hr. The ejection time index was unchanged, and although a 5–10% increase in the mean arterial blood pressure was observed in the 11 hr after administration, there was no pattern consistent with size or mode of administration of the four different dosages.
Effect of Taxol on cytochrome P450 3A and acetaminophen toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes : Comparison to dexamethasone

The purpose of this study was to determine if Taxol induced CYP3A in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and, if so, whether induction of CYP3A would increase acetaminophen toxicity. Taxol caused a concentration-dependent increase in the amount of immunoreactive CYP3A and in the steady-state levels of CYP3A1/DEX but not CYP3A2 mRNA. Similar concentration-dependent increases in toxicity as measured by a decrease in protein synthesis were observed after exposure of cells to acetaminophen for 7 hr whether cells were pretreated with Taxol or dexamethasone. Increased release of lactate dehydrogenase occured after 24 hr exposure to acetaminophen, with no further decreases in protein synthesis than those observed at 7 hr. Increases in acetaminophen toxicity correlated with increased covalent binding of acetaminophen to cellular proteins. Triacetyloleandomycin, a selective inhibitor of CYP3A, completely protected the cells against acetaminophen toxicity in both Taxol- and dexamethasone-pretreated cells and prevented the increase in covalent binding of acetaminophen to cellular proteins. These results demonstrate that Taxol, like dexamethasone, induces CYP3A and that increases in this P450 are responsible for increased acetaminophen toxicity.