cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Generations and Protest: The Old Left and the New Left

Many commentaries and analyses of the Old Left and the New Left have either ignored the differences in their social and political protest or have suggested that such differences were not important. The purpose of this essay is to examine the distinctive form, style, and structure of protest in both the Old Left and the New Left. The paper uses Karl Mannheim's concepts of "generational unit" and "entelechy" to examine protest in the Old Left and the New Left. It examines the consciousness of the Old Left and the New Left in the distinctive forms of their political demonstrations, theatrical presentations, and use of music.
Photochemically-Activated Probes of Protein−Protein Interactions

The activity of light-activatable (“caged”) compounds can be temporally and spatially controlled, thereby providing a means to interrogate intracellular biochemical pathways as a function of time and space. Nearly all caged peptides contain photocleavable groups positioned on the side chains of key residues. We describe an alternative active site targeted strategy that disrupts the interaction between the protein target (SH2 domain, kinase, and proteinase) and a critical amide NH moiety of the peptide probe.
Ibandronate, an Experimental Intravenous Bisphosphonate for Osteoporosis, Bone Metastases, and Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Ibandronate is an experimental intravenous bisphosphonate under study for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis and skeletal complications of bone metastases, as well as hypercalcemia of malignancy. To review the data on this drug, PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for pertinent studies in English; data from January 1986-October 2005 were reviewed. In preclinical studies, ibandronate was an extremely potent bisphosphonate compared with its predecessors and was active in all animal models of human postmenopausal and corticosteroid-associated osteoporosis. Similar to other bisphosphonates, ibandronate exhibits antitumor activity and prevents or reduces bone metastases. Forty to fifty percent of the dose is bound to bone; renal clearance of unchanged drug accounts for 70% of total body clearance. Early clinical trials demonstrated efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ibandronate in the prevention or treatment of postmenopausal and corticosteroid-associated osteoporosis when administered once every 3 months. Intravenous ibandronate also reduces skeletal complications of bone metastases, including pain, although the cumulative dose used is much higher than that used in osteoporosis, as the drug is administered every 3-4 weeks. Single doses of intravenous ibandronate are probably also effective in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy. The major tolerability issue with intravenous bisphosphonates is renal safety, thus the drugs generally require infusion (e.g., 0.25 hr for zoledronic acid, 2-24 hrs for pamidronate). However, intravenous ibandronate can be administered by bolus injection over a few minutes without an elevated risk of nephrotoxicity. The experimental intravenous dosage is 2 mg every 3 months for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis, and 2-6 mg every 3-4 weeks or in a single dose for treatment of bone metastases or hypercalcemia of malignancy, respectively. Ibandronate can be used in the presence of severe renal impairment with proper dosage adjustment. The drug will be an interesting addition to the available drugs for osteoporosis, bone metastases, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. Studies of intravenous ibandronate as an adjunctive treatment for cancers that tend to metastasize to bone are under way. Whether intravenous ibandronate will be a therapeutic advance is best answered by randomized, controlled trials. These are ongoing and should provide data with which to make better-informed choices concerning intravenous bisphosphonates.
Vanadium and molybdenum disorder in M2.5VMoO8 (M = Mg, Mn, and Zn) determined with neutron powder diffraction and phase formation studies of Mg2.5+xV1+2xMo1−2xO8

Abstract Disorder between the vanadium and molybdenum sites was investigated using neutron diffraction on polycrystalline samples of M2.5VMoO8 (M=Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) and the distribution of V5+ and Mo6+ among the tetrahedral sites was determined to be nearly statistical. The refined structures for all three polycrystalline samples corroborate those of corresponding single crystals determined previously with X-ray single crystal diffraction. Studies directed at the formation of Mg2.5+xV1+2xMo1−2xO8 (x=0, ±0.02 and ±0.04) demonstrate that the phase begins to form at an appreciable rate at 1173 K, which is approximately 250 K below its melting point.
Pairwise orthogonal F-rectangle designs

Abstract The concept of pairwise orthogonal Latin square design is applied to r row by c column experiment designs which are called pairwise orthogonal F -rectangle designs. These designs are useful in designing successive and/or simulataneous experiments on the same set of rc experimental units, in constructing codes, and in constructing orthogonal arrays. A pair of orthogonal F -rectangle designs exists for any set of v treatment (symbols), whereas no pair of orthogonal Latin square designs of order two and six exists; one of the two construction methods presented does not rely on any previous knowledge about the existence of a pair of orthogonal Latin square designs, whereas the second one does. It is shown how to extend the methods to r = pv row by c = qv column designs and how to obtain t pairwise orthogonal F -rectangle design. When the maximum possible number of pairwise orthogonal F -rectangle designs is attained the set is said to be complete. Complete sets are obtained for all v for which v is a prime power. The construction method makes use of the existence of a complete set of pairwise orthogonal Latin square designs and of an orthogonal array with v n columns, ( v n −1)/( v −1) rows, v symbols, and of strength two.
URETHRAL ATRESIA: LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN 6 CHILDREN WHO SURVIVED THE NEONATAL PERIOD

Purpose: Urethral atresia is incompatible with life unless an alternative communication between the bladder and amniotic sac exists. Although antenatal intervention may improve perinatal mortality, clinical consequences remain. We outline the outcome after treatment of 6 patients born with urethral atresia.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of 6 patients with urethral atresia treated at the Children’s Hospital of Michigan between 1982 and 1999. Patient age ranged from 3 to 17 years (mean 9). All patients were males (46 XY) and presented at birth or in early infancy.Results: Oligohydramnios was demonstrated in 4 of the 6 patients (67%). A vesico-amniotic shunt had been placed in 2 patients (at more than 30 weeks of gestation and in 1 at 17 weeks of gestation). The remaining 3 patients presented at birth with either a vesicocutaneous fistula or patent urachus. Bilateral or unilateral hydronephrosis was identified in 4 patients while 2 had severe renal dysplasia. Cystography identified moderate to...
Childhood ITP: can we venture below 20 000?

In a large study of children with acute ITP published in this issue of Blood , Neunert and colleagues find that irrespective of therapy aimed at raising the platelet count or the severity of thrombocytopenia, severe bleeding is rare. Contrary to the exploits of Captain Nemo and his crew in Jules
Quantum wells with zincblende MnTe barriers

In this paper we describe a series of MnTe/CdTe/MnTe and MnTe/InSb/MnTe single quantum well structures. For the CdTe quantum wells we report the observation of luminescence covering the entire visible range from red to blue; a quantized state in the InSb well is used to implement resonant tunneling. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the microstructural quality of the structures. Dark-field TEM showed that, in spite of the 2.3% lattice mismatch, the MnTe layers remained pseudomorphic and dislocation-free. High resolution images (also used to determine dimensional details) indicated that the interfaces were atomically abrupt, and that the CdTe and InSb wells were essentially unstrained in each of the structures; most of the strain was contained in the MnTe barrier layers. Optical properties of the single quantum well structures have been studied using photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Blue luminescence at 2.59 eV (n = 1 transition) has been observed from a structure with a 10 A CdTe well. The negative differential resistance observed from MnTe/InSb resonant tunneling structures represents, to our knowledge, the first report of a dimensionally quantized state in InSb.
Nestin expression after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract The current study examines nestin expression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the role of different blood components in nestin upregulation, and the possibility that low doses of thrombin that induce tolerance to brain injury (thrombin preconditioning) might also induce nestin expression. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats received an intracaudate injection of either whole blood, thrombin (1 or 5 U) or red blood cells (RBCs). Animals were sacrificed for single and double labeling immunohistochemistry to identify which cells express nestin, and for Western blotting to quantify nestin expression. By immunohistochemistry, nestin immunoreactivity was present in large numbers of astrocytes, surrounding the hematoma from day 3 to 1 week after ICH. After 2 weeks, nestin immunoreactivity was co-localized with a neuronal marker (neuronal specific enolase). By Western blot analysis, nestin was strongly expressed at day 3 (P
Segmentation of brain magnetic resonance images based on multi-atlas likelihood fusion: testing using data with a broad range of anatomical and photometric profiles

We propose a hierarchical pipeline for skull-stripping and segmentation of anatomical structures of interest from T1-weighted images of the human brain. The pipeline is constructed based on a two-level Bayesian parameter estimation algorithm called multi-atlas likelihood fusion (MALF). In MALF, estimation of the parameter of interest is performed via maximum a posteriori estimation using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The likelihoods of multiple atlases are fused in the E-step while the optimal estimator, a single maximizer of the fused likelihoods, is then obtained in the M-step. There are two stages in the proposed pipeline; first the input T1-weighted image is automatically skull-stripped via a fast MALF, then internal brain structures of interest are automatically extracted using a regular MALF. We assess the performance of each of the two modules in the pipeline based on two sets of images with markedly different anatomical and photometric contrasts; 3T MPRAGE scans of pediatric subjects with developmental disorders versus 1.5T SPGR scans of elderly subjects with dementia. Evaluation is performed quantitatively using the Dice overlap as well as qualitatively via visual inspections. As a result, we demonstrate subject-level differences in the performance of the proposed pipeline, which may be accounted for by age, diagnosis, or the imaging parameters (particularly the field strength). For the subcortical and ventricular structures of the two datasets, the hierarchical pipeline is capable of producing automated segmentations with Dice overlaps ranging from 0.8 to 0.964 when compared with the gold standard. Comparisons with other representative segmentation algorithms are presented, relative to which the proposed hierarchical pipeline demonstrates comparative or superior accuracy.
Figla-Cre transgenic mice expressing myristoylated EGFP in germ cells provide a model for investigating perinatal oocyte dynamics.

FIGLA (Factor in the germline, alpha) is a bHLH transcription factor expressed abundantly in female and less so in male germ cells. Mice lacking FIGLA do not form primordial follicles in the ovary and females are sterile, but there is no obvious phenotype in males. Using the Figla promoter to express Cre recombinase, we have established mEGFP/mTomato reporter mice with green germ cells and red somatic tissue. These mice were crossed into the Figla null background to accelerate perinatal oocyte loss. Live imaging of cultured newborn ovaries provides evidence that few oocytes egress and the vast majority disappear within the confines of the ovary. Although a cohort of mobile, phagocytic cells was observed, macrophage depletion in Csf1op/op mice did not affect oocyte loss. Investigations with TUNEL assays and caspase inhibitors suggest that apoptosis plays a role in the perinatal loss of oocyte in female mice. These results establish the utility of Figla-EGFP/Cre; mTomato/mEGFP in investigating germ cell dynamics in prepubertal mice.
Microstructural analysis on helium retention of ion-irradiated and annealed tungsten foils

Abstract The helium retention characteristics and helium bubble distribution in tungsten were studied using 3He(d,p)4He nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on two forms of tungsten: single crystal and polycrystalline, implanted to 1 × 1019 3He/m2 at 850 °C and annealed at 2000 °C. The NRA results revealed that as-implanted single crystal and polycrystalline tungsten exhibited similar helium retention characteristics. Stepwise annealing reduced the helium retention in both single crystal and polycrystalline tungsten when the number of implantation steps and annealing time were increased. The TEM results indicated that microstructure played a large role in helium trapping; the existence of grain boundaries led to significant cavity formation and greater cavity growth. Single crystal tungsten had less trapping sites for helium, allowing long range He diffusion during annealing. The decrease of He retention in polycrystalline tungsten during stepwise annealing was probably due to significant recrystallization, resulting in decrease of grain boundary density.
Time resolved schlieren study of highly refracting CO2 laser produced plasma

Abstract We report temporal evolution of high intensity CO 2 produced plasmas by introducing a Schlieren technique. The method allows the density step produced by radiation pressure to be followed during the pulse duration. We deduce the expansion velocity of the critical layer for different intensities.
A behavioural analysis of the temporal organisation of walking movements in the 1st instar and adult stick insect ( Carausius morosus )

The coordination of protraction leg movements in free walking first instar and adult stick insects has been examined by film and video-tape analysis. The first instar insect uses two alternative modes of walking which differ in the step frequency dependence of the time required to complete one metachronal cycle of protractions and the duration of the protraction cycle (Figs. 2, 4). The adult uses only one of these modes and its step patterns show a persistent right-left asymmetry in the timing of leg movements (Fig. 7). Two alternative methods of changing direction were found (Figs. 5, 9) and they appear to be related to the two modes of walking used by the animal. A model based on inhibitory interactions between oscillators representing leg activity has been constructed to explain the step pattern changes in both modes of walking and the temporal asymmetry of the adult pattern. This model appears to be applicable to the walking behaviour of other insects including the cockroach.
Modeling of the Vacuum Arc Remelting Process for Estimation and Control of the Liquid Pool Profile

Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is an industrial metallurgical process widely used throughout the specialty metals industry to cast large alloy ingots. The final ingot grain structure is strongly influenced by the molten metal pool profile, which in turn depends on the temperature distribution in the ingot. A reduced-order model of the solidifying ingot was developed specifically for dynamic control and estimation of the depth of molten liquid pool atop the ingot in a VAR process. This model accounts only for the thermal aspects of the system ignoring other physical domains such as fluid flow and electromagnetic effects. Spectral methods were used to obtain a set of nonlinear dynamic equations which capture the transient characteristics of liquid pool profile variations around a quasi-steady operating condition. These nonlinear equations are then linearized and further simplified by suppressing fast modes. The resulting system was used to construct a linear-quadratic-gaussian (LQG) controller which was tested in a laboratory-scale furnace showing a good performance. A high-fidelity physics-based model is used in real-time to provide information about the solidifying ingot and potential solidification defects.
New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. By Mary Kaldor. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. 192p. $45.00 cloth, $16.95 paper.

The 1990s were characterized by a substantial increase in the number of ethnic conflicts within states. The international community, especially the United Nations, responded by intervening to prevent or resolve violence but frequently failed to do so. Mary Kaldor attempts to explain why identity-based violence has increased and why the interna- tional community's actions have so often failed.
Ventricular function and the native coronary circulation five years after myocardial revascularization.

Abstract Of 531 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting during 1970 to 1973, 181 were restudied by ventriculography and by graft and coronary angiography at least 5 years following operation. Five patterns of postoperative ventricular function were identified: improved ventricular function resulting in normal left ventricular (LV) function; normal ventricular function that was unchanged; abnormal ventricular function that improved but did not reach normal; abnormal ventricular function that remained unchanged; and deterioration of LV function. Patients who regained (40) and those who retained normal ventricular function (49) comprise 49% of the series and patients with deterioration of ventricular function, only 20%. Graft patency and angina relief were significantly better in those with normal LV function than in those with LV deterioration. Progression of disease in grafted coronary arteries was similar in all groups, but was significantly higher in ungrafted coronary arteries (61.3%) in the patients showing deterioration than in either the improved patients or those with an unchanged normal LV (33.3% each) ( p
Picosecond photon echo and optical hole burning studies of chromophores in organic glasses

Abstract The range of relaxation rates present in amorphous systems is shown to affect the results of optical dephasing measurements. The interpretation of these experiments in terms of four-time correlation functions is introduced. Photon echo and hole burning results are shown for resorufin in three glass hosts: ethanol, d -ethanol, and glycerol. The hole burning data are shown to be affected by slow relaxation processes whereas the echo results are not. The implications of a slowest relaxation rate in amorphous systems are also considered.
Nonlinearly Constrained MRFs: Exploring the Intrinsic Dimensions of Higher-Order Cliques

This paper introduces an efficient approach to integrating non-local statistics into the higher-order Markov Random Fields (MRFs) framework. Motivated by the observation that many non-local statistics (e.g., shape priors, color distributions) can usually be represented by a small number of parameters, we reformulate the higher-order MRF model by introducing additional latent variables to represent the intrinsic dimensions of the higher-order cliques. The resulting new model, called NC-MRF, not only provides the flexibility in representing the configurations of higher-order cliques, but also automatically decomposes the energy function into less coupled terms, allowing us to design an efficient algorithmic framework for maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference. Based on this novel modeling/ inference framework, we achieve state-of-the-art solutions to the challenging problems of class-specific image segmentation and template-based 3D facial expression tracking, which demonstrate the potential of our approach.
Low aspect ratio nanophotonic filled cavities with Q-matching for scalable thermophotovoltaic power conversion

Selective thermal emitters with a metallic 2D photonic crystal structure, such as shown in Fig. 1a), have been demonstrated to control the thermal emission spectrum of selective emitters for thermophotovoltaic applications. Traditionally, tungsten has been the metal of choice for thermal emitters due to their natural thermal emission selectivity to wavelengths > 2μm and high melting temperatures. However, due to the unweldable nature of tungsten, system integration of tungsten is difficult. As a result, weldable tantalum nanophotonic cavities have been demonstrated as effective thermal emitters with long wavelength emissivity below that of tungsten, allowing for improved selectivity performance compared to tungsten. However, the aspect ratios (AR) of the tantalum cavities have been demonstrated with a depth to radius aspect ratio of 11.2. The high aspect ratios in relation to tungsten (AR = 2.9) are due to the smaller material absorption at optical wavelengths around 2 μm, which causes Qabs per unit length to be reduced thus affecting the Q matching condition. The aspect ratio is determined based on Q-matching, where the radiative Q (Qrad) and absorption Q (Qabs) of the cavity must be equal for maximum absorption. The high cavity aspect ratio significantly hinders the fabrication methods available to manufacture the tantalum devices. For example, because of the high aspect ratio cavities, low-cost and scalable fabrication methods such as surface deposition of tantalum via sputtering or evaporation are not possible due to poor step coverage. Thus, previous methods used expensive and difficult to prepare 2" diameter tantalum wafers with custom etching methods. Accordingly, low aspect ratio cavities are key for a low-cost and scalable deployment of thermophotovoltaic devices.
Identification of retrovirus matrix proteins by lipid-protein cross-linking.

Abstract Dimethyl suberimidate and its analogs are symmetrical bifunctional reagents that form amidine linkages with primary amino groups. These reagents have been used previously to study nearest neighbor relationships of proteins in viruses and in complex structures such as ribosomes. Dimethyl suberimidate also reacts with phosphatidylethanolamine, which can be radioactively labeled specifically with [ 14 C]ethanolamine. When enveloped viruses containing radioactive phosphatidylethanolamine are exposed to the diimido ester, a fraction of the radioactivity becomes linked to viral structural proteins. Upon separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the lipid-protein complexes can be visualized on fluorograms of the gels. The cross-linking of lipids to proteins is specific, since it requires the viral structure to be intact, and since only certain proteins become chemically linked to phosphatidylethanolamine even though all the proteins react with dimethyl suberimidate. In vesicular stomatitis virus, the structure of which has been well characterized, only the glycoprotein and the matrix protein become linked to lipid. This is consistent with their known locations protruding outwards and inwards from the virus membrane, respectively. Thus we infer that the cross-linking technique can be used to identify proteins in close proximity to the lipid bilayer. In the avian leukemia and sarcoma viruses the protein designated p 19, and in the murine leukemia viruses p 15 become linked to radioactive lipid. Since avian p19 and murine p15 are internal structural proteins, we infer that they are equivalent to the matrix protein defined for other other enveloped viruses.
Deflate-gate: Conservative Management of a Large Ruptured Hydrocele

A hydrocele is a common cause of intrascrotal swelling that results when fluid accumulates between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis. Over time, fluid may collect to form a massive hydrocele and result in significant discomfort for the patient. In this case report, we present a rare event of a 28-year-old gentleman with a documented massive hydrocele measuring 14.1 × 8.9 cm who ruptured his hydrocele during sexual intercourse. We expectantly managed the patient's ruptured hydrocele and encountered no complications throughout the course of his recovery.
Free-flight responses of Drosophila melanogaster to attractive odors

Many motile organisms localize the source of attractive odorants by following plumes upwind. In the case of D. melanogaster, little is known of how individuals alter their flight trajectories after encountering and losing a plume of an attractive odorant. We have characterized the three-dimensional flight behavior of D. melanogaster in a wind tunnel under a variety of odor conditions. In the absence of olfactory cues, hungry flies initiate flight and display anemotactic orientation. Following contact with a narrow ribbon plume of an attractive odor, flies reduce their crosswind velocity while flying faster upwind, resulting in a surge directed toward the odor source. Following loss of odor contact due to plume truncation, flies frequently initiate a stereotyped crosswind casting response, a behavior rarely observed in a continuous odor plume. Similarly, within a homogeneous odor cloud, flies move fast while maintaining an upwind heading. These results indicate both similarities and differences between the behavior of D. melanogaster and the responses of male moths to pheromone plumes, suggesting possible differences in underlying neural mechanisms.
Lithographically patterned channels spatially segregate kinesin motor activity and effectively guide microtubule movements

To extract useful work from biological motor proteins, it is necessary to orient microtubules traveling over kinesin-coated surfaces properly. Toward this goal, we have used microfabrication to construct 1.5-μm-deep channels in SU-8 photoresist patterned on glass. Although motor proteins bind to all surfaces, these channels localize motility exclusively to the glass surface, and the photoresist creates steep walls that direct microtubule movement. This technique provides a general approach for lithographically patterning enzyme activity.
Diabetes educator mentorship program: mentors requested.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the Diabetes Educator Mentorship Program, communicate mentors’ experiences and perceptions during the first 3 years following implementation, and provide strategies to encourage mentoring.ConclusionsCreation of this collaborative program has fostered successful attainment of additional certified diabetes educators who obtained diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) practice requirement hours through a voluntary Diabetes Educator Mentorship Program. There is a significant need for additional mentors to meet the growing need for mentoring partnerships. Increasing the number of mentors will provide more opportunities to those seeking to gain DSMES experience and will ultimately expand the number of health professionals available to educate those with diabetes or prediabetes.
Oral Cavity Carcinoma: Current Management, Controversies, and Future Directions

Oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancer. Although the incidence has decreased over the last decade, outcomes remain stagnant with only a 5% improvement in overall survival in the last 20 years. Although surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality, several areas of controversy exist with regard to work-up, management of the primary and neck tumors, and adjuvant therapy. As surgical techniques evolve, so has the delivery of radiotherapy and systemic treatment, which have helped to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced disease. Recently, the addition of cetuximab has shown promise as a way to improve outcomes while minimizing toxicity, and this remains an active area of study in the adjuvant setting. Advances in microvascular free-flap reconstruction have extended the limits of resection and enabled enhanced restoration of function and cosmesis. While these advances have led to limited survival benefit, evaluation of alternative modalities has gained interest on the basis of success in other head and neck subsites. Organ preservation with definitive chemoradiotherapy, though proven in the larynx and pharynx, remains controversial in OCC. Likewise, although the association of human papillomavirus is well established in oropharyngeal carcinoma, it has not been proven in the pathogenesis or survival of OCC. Future study of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of OCC should offer additional insight into screening, treatment selection, and novel therapeutic approaches.
The inclusion of differentially assessed lands in urban growth model calibration: a comparison of two approaches using SLEUTH

This research sought to understand the role that differentially assessed lands lands in the United States given tax breaks in return for their guarantee to remain in agriculture play in influencing urban growth. Our method was to calibrate the SLEUTH urban growth model under two different conditions. The first used an excluded layer that ignored such lands, effectively rendering them available for development. The second treated those lands as totally excluded from development. Our hypothesis was that excluding those lands would yield better metrics of fit with past data. Our results validate our hypothesis since two different metrics that evaluate goodness of fit both yielded higher values when differentially assessed lands are treated as excluded. This suggests that, at least in our study area, differential assessment, which protects farm and ranch lands for tenuous periods of time, has indeed allowed farmland to resist urban development. Including differentially assessed lands also yielded very different calibrated coefficients of growth as the model tried to account for the same growth patterns over two very different excluded areas. Excluded layer design can greatly affect model behavior. Since differentially assessed lands are quite common through the United States and are often ignored in urban growth modeling, the findings of this research can assist other urban growth modelers in designing excluded layers that result in more accurate model calibration and thus forecasting.
Prostasomes: current concepts.

BACKGROUND Prostasomes are membranous vesicles secreted by prostate gland, and they contain large amounts of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, calcium, and several enzymes. Prostasomes are involved in a number of biological functions. At ejaculation, these prostasomes are expelled with prostate secretions and are to be found in the seminal plasma as seminal prostasomes, which facilitate sperm function in various ways. METHODS In this review, we discuss the structural and functional role of prostasomes, the various enzyme systems associated with these vesicles, and the biological role prostasomes play in male reproduction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Prostasomes are pluripotent and well-organized organelles secreted by the prostate gland. Prostasomes are ascribed to have many physiologiocal functions, the primary function being enhancement of sperm capacity. The several enzyme systems, small signaling molecules, and neuroendocrine markers associated with prostasomes reveal the complex nature of these vesicles in regulating sperm viability and vitality. The functional significance of these molecules that regulate complex pathways in these small vesicles is still a matter of dogma. Critical evaluation of the biological processes associated with prostasomes might be helpful in modeling new contraceptive agents, improving the techniques of in vitro fertilization, and in furthering our understanding and treatment of male factor infertility. Prostate 43:169–174, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MEMS Coulter counter for dynamic impedance measurement of cells

In this paper, We report the design, modeling, fabrication and characterization MEMS Coulter counter which can monitor the dynamic cell impedance changes in situ as a function of time after mixing isolated cell populations with different extracellular media. The device consists of a multilayer of SU-8 microchannel which is divided into a passive mixing region, a focusing region using negative dielectrophoretic forces, and a measuring region by multiple electroplated vertical electrode pairs. Both fluidic and electrical functionality of the device were tested with using yeast cells in cryoprotectant agent (diluted dimethyl sulfoxide), and microbeads with different dimensions, and dyed fluids. The results demonstrate rapid changes of cell volume within the first 0.6 sec after mixing followed by a stable and a fixed cell volume.
DC Limit of Microstrip Analysis Using the Spectral Domain Approach With Both Transverse and Longitudinal Currents

The spectral domain approach (SDA) is a full-wave analysis method, which is used to obtain the effective dielectric constant of the microstrip. When the operating frequency decreases to zero, by introducing the normalized transverse current, this method reduces to a generalized eigenvalue problem. In order to obtain an accurate relative dielectric constant, the normalized transverse current should be considered. The Chebyshev polynomials with edge singularity are used as the basis functions for both the normalized transverse current and the longitudinal current. The SDA at dc and the variational method can lead to the same result.
SEASONAL COMPOSITION OF TEMPERATE PLANKTON COMMUNITIES: FATTY ACIDS1

Fatty acid composition of the plankton in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, varies in relation to the seasonal succession and productivity of populations. The ratio of palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid declines during vernal warming from 2.0 to ca. 0.3, reflecting the change in dominance from diatoms to flagellates. In the zooplankton, the ratio is twice as high in Acartia clausi, the winter dominant copepod, as in the summer species, Acartia tonsa. Palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid vary reciprocally throughout the year; so do oleic and stearidonic acids. If palmitic and oleic acids, the less saturated members of each covariate pair, arc related by multiple linear regression to zooplankton standing crop, 52% of the variation over an annual cycle is explained. During a poor year for Calanus finmarchicus in Rhode Island Sound, the fatty acids vary independently of each other, in agreement with previous findings for free amino acids.
Effects of public and professional education on reducing the delay in presentation and referral of stroke patients.

Several emerging stroke therapies require patients to be treated within several hours of symptom onset. Past studies have documented a significant delay between symptom onset and hospital presentat...
Renal lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity

Purpose of review Lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues is increasingly recognized to contribute to organ injury through a process termed lipotoxicity, but whether this process occurs in the kidney is still uncertain. This article briefly summarizes the normal role of lipids in renal physiology and the current evidence linking excess lipids and lipotoxicity to renal dysfunction.
Use of a satellite‐assisted computer link for long‐distance research collaboration

Research collaboration between investigators located at some distance from each other is not only possible but also feasible. By using satellite-assisted computer-to-computer links, researchers across the United States and overseas work with the staff and facilities of the Cardiovascular Research and Training Center (CVRTC) in the University of Washington, Seattle. This report presents the mechanics, advantages, and results of using such an approach to collaborate with distant colleagues.
Effect of guest-host hydrogen bonding on the structures and properties of clathrate hydrates

To provide improved understanding of guest-host interactions in clathrate hydrates, we present some correlations between guest chemical structures and observations on the corresponding hydrate properties. From these correlations it is clear that directional interactions such as hydrogen bonding between guest and host are likely, although these have been ignored to greater or lesser degrees because there has been no direct structural evidence for such interactions. For the first time, single-crystal X-ray crystallography has been used to detect guest-host hydrogen bonding in structure II (sII) and structure H (sH) clathrate hydrates. The clathrates studied are the tert-butylamine (tBA) sII clathrate with H(2)S/Xe help gases and the pinacolone + H(2)S binary sH clathrate. X-ray structural analysis shows that the tBA nitrogen atom lies at a distance of 2.64 A from the closest clathrate hydrate water oxygen atom, whereas the pinacolone oxygen atom is determined to lie at a distance of 2.96 A from the closest water oxygen atom. These distances are compatible with guest-water hydrogen bonding. Results of molecular dynamics simulations on these systems are consistent with the X-ray crystallographic observations. The tBA guest shows long-lived guest-host hydrogen bonding with the nitrogen atom tethered to a water HO group that rotates towards the cage center to face the guest nitrogen atom. Pinacolone forms thermally activated guest-host hydrogen bonds with the lattice water molecules; these have been studied for temperatures in the range of 100-250 K. Guest-host hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of Bjerrum L-defects in the clathrate water lattice between two adjacent water molecules, and these are implicated in the stabilities of the hydrate lattices, the water dynamics, and the dielectric properties. The reported stable hydrogen-bonded guest-host structures also tend to blur the longstanding distinction between true clathrates and semiclathrates.
Efficient localization of synchronous EEG source activities using a modified RAP-MUSIC algorithm

Synchronization across different brain regions is suggested to be a possible mechanism for functional integration. Noninvasive analysis of the synchronization among cortical areas is possible if the electrical sources can be estimated by solving the electroencephalography inverse problem. Among various inverse algorithms, spatio-temporal dipole fitting methods such as RAP-MUSIC and R-MUSIC have demonstrated superior ability in the localization of a restricted number of independent sources, and also have the ability to reliably reproduce temporal waveforms. However, these algorithms experience difficulty in reconstructing multiple correlated sources. Accurate reconstruction of correlated brain activities is critical in synchronization analysis. In this study, we modified the well-known inverse algorithm RAP-MUSIC to a multistage process which analyzes the correlation of candidate sources and searches for independent topographies (ITs) among precorrelated groups. Comparative studies were carried out on both simulated data and clinical seizure data. The results demonstrated superior performance with the modified algorithm compared to the original RAP-MUSIC in recovering synchronous sources and localizing the epileptiform activity. The modified RAP-MUSIC algorithm, thus, has potential in neurological applications involving significant synchronous brain activities.
Emergency Care Education.

(1973). Emergency Care Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 44, Including Leisure Today, pp. 29-30.
The molecular basis of gamete recognition in mice and humans.

Successful fertilization heralds the onset of development and requires both gamete recognition and a definitive block to poly- spermy. Sperm initially bind and penetrate the extracellular zona pellucida (ZP) that surrounds ovulated eggs, but are unable to bind the zona surrounding preimplantation embryos. The ZP of humans is composed of four (ZP1 -4) and that of mouse three (ZP1 -3) glycoproteins. Models for gamete recognition developed in mice had proposed that sperm bind to ZP3 glycans. However, phenotypes observed in gen- etically engineered mice are not consistent with this widely accepted model. More recently, taking advantage of the observation that human sperm do not bind to mouse eggs, human ZP2 was defined as the zona ligand in transgenic mouse models using gain-of-function assays. The sperm-binding site is an N-terminal domain of ZP2 that is cleaved by ovastacin, a metalloendoprotease released from egg cortical granules following fertilization. Proteolysis of this docking site provides a definitive block to polyspermy as sperm bind to uncleaved, but not cleaved ZP2 even after fertilization and cortical granule exocytosis. While progress has been made in defining the ZP ligand, less headway has been made in identifying the cognate sperm receptor. Although a number of sperm receptor candidates have been documented to interact with specific proteins in the ZP in vitro, continued fertility after genetic ablation of the cognate gene indicates that none are essential for gamete recognition. These on-going investigations inform reproductive medicine and suggest new therapies to improve fertility and/or provide contraception, thus expanding reproductive choices for human couples.
Transgastric Jejunal Feeding Tubes in Critically III Patients

Delayed gastric emptying is a common postoperative complication in critically ill patients that impedes successful administration of early enteral feeding. Transgastric jejunal feeding tubes (TJTs) simultaneously decompress the stomach while permitting postpyloric feedings. Earlier designs were associated with inadequate gastric decompression and reflux of feedings into the stomach; however, a new tube (Medical Innovations Corporation, Milpetas, CA) appears to be an improvement, thus warranting an evaluation of its safety and efficacy. TJTs were placed in 29 patients who were followed for complications associated with the tube. Seventeen problems occurred: three were due to user errors, six were due to mechanical dysfunction, and four tubes were dislodged. Ten patients had a nasogastric tube in addition to their TJT; however, only four of the nasogastric tubes were thought to be needed because of inadequate gastric drainage. The TJT adequately decompressed the stomach in most patients, allowing small-bowe...
The breeding biology of Chinese Crested Terns in mixed species colonies in eastern China

The Chinese Crested Tern Thalasseus bernsteini is a Critically Endangered species and very little is known about its breeding biology and behaviour. Only two small breeding colonies have been recorded on the eastern coast of China. Between 2004 and 2009, their breeding biology was studied in two mixed species colonies on the Jiushan and Wuzhishan archipelagos in Zhejiang province. Chinese Crested Terns started breeding in late May and departed in late August, and nests were generally found within large colonies of Greater Crested Terns T. bergii. The nesting grounds of the mixed colony included grass, rock and interlaced zones on small, uninhabited islets. A total of six Chinese Crested Tern nests were identified, four of which were monitored. In these, the average clutch size was one, with an incubation period of 22–28 days and a fledging period of 31–35 days. The chicks subsequently joined chicks of the Greater Crested Tern, forming the same creche. Adult Chinese Crested Terns foraged within approximately 5 km of the breeding islets and fed their chicks mainly with small and/or young shoaling fishes. The breeding success of Chinese Crested Tern was 100% in both 2008 and 2009. In addition to mixed nesting, other traits of breeding biology, such as breeding site shifts and re-nesting, provide valuable information for surveying, monitoring and conservation of the Chinese Crested Tern.
Load size selection by foraging leaf‐cutter ants (Atta cephalotes)

. 1 Velocity of load-carrying Atta cephalotes (L.) foragers increases with increasing ant size and decreasing load size. 2 Foragers are selective in the sizes of loads they carry, but heavier loads would apparently increase their rate of leaf transport to the nest (mg of leaf m s−1). 3 Even for very thin leaves, leaf diameter is not correlated with ant body size despite the method of cutting (rotating around a fixed point on the leaf edge). 4 When cutting leaves of different densities, load mass is more closely matched to ant size than is load surface area. This implies that ants choose loads based on mass rather than surface area, and thus the several possible disadvantages associated with carrying loads of large surface area (e.g. increased disturbance by wind or rain) are unlikely explanations of why ants do not select larger loads. 5 The relationship beween forager size and load size is made more complex by further selectivity at the level of colony recruitment: larger ants recruit to higher-density (thicker) leaf types. 6 Gross leaf transport rate is not maximized by foraging A.cephalotes, but net rate of energy intake cannot be assumed to follow the same pattern. If costs/time (not measured) are constant with changing load size, then the net rate of energy intake is not maximized. An alternative hypothesis is that costs/time increase with larger loads, thereby decreasing net rate of gain for larger loads.
Adaptable Two-Dimension Sliding Windows on NVIDIA GPUs with Runtime Compilation

For some classes of problems, NVIDIA CUDA abstraction and hardware properties combine with problem characteristics to limit the specific problem instances that can be effectively accelerated. As a real-world example, a two-dimensional correlation-based template-matching MATLAB application is considered. While this problem has a well known solution for the common case of linear image filtering -- small fixed templates of a known size applied to a much larger image -- the application considered here uses large arbitrarily-sized templates, up to 156-by-116 pixels, with small search spaces containing no more than 703 window positions per template. Our CUDA implementation approach employs template tiling and problem-specific kernel compilation to achieve speedups of up to 15 when compared to an optimized multi-threaded implementation running on a 3.33 GHz four core Intel Nehalem processor. Tiling the template enables exploiting the parallelism within the computation and shared memory usage. At the same time, problem-specific kernel compilation allows greater levels of adaptability than would otherwise be possible.
Deformations of complexes for finite dimensional algebras

Abstract Let k be a field and let Λ be a finite dimensional k-algebra. We prove that every bounded complex V • of finitely generated Λ-modules has a well-defined versal deformation ring R ( Λ , V • ) which is a complete local commutative Noetherian k-algebra with residue field k. We also prove that nice two-sided tilting complexes between Λ and another finite dimensional k-algebra Γ preserve these versal deformation rings. Additionally, we investigate stable equivalences of Morita type between self-injective algebras in this context. We apply these results to the derived equivalence classes of the members of a particular family of algebras of dihedral type that were introduced by Erdmann and shown by Holm to be not derived equivalent to any block of a group algebra.