cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case II: Shoulder Weakness 1

A 64-year-old male underwent left shoulder melanoma resection and cervical lymph node resection 7 months ago. Postoperatively, he noticed weakness, loss of muscle bulk, and decreased range of motion of the left shoulder. There is aching and discomfort but no sensory loss. PMH is significant for urinary bladder carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, both fully treated.
Extremely high current density, low peak voltage, pseudomorphic In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/AlAs/InAs resonant tunneling diodes

A fundamental objective in the design of resonant tunneling diodes for microwave oscillators and digital switching is the achievement of the highest possible peak current density at the lowest possible peak voltage, while maintaining a high peak-to-valley current ratio and wide valley region. It is demonstrated that by combining very thin AlAs barriers with relatively wide InAs wells, within bounding regions of InGaAs lattice-matched to InP, it is possible to achieve room-temperature peak current densities in excess of 450 kA/cm/sup 2/, the highest ever reported for resonant tunneling diodes, at peak voltages as low as 0.7 V. The corresponding peak-to-valley current ratio is approximately 3.6. By working within the InGaAlAs quaternary system, the device designer has a great deal of flexibility and latitude in sculpturing the device structure to optimize a number of specific performance characteristics. >
Advances on the coefficient bounds for m-fold symmetric bi-close-to-convex functions

In 1955, Waadeland considered the class of m-fold symmetric starlike functions of the form $f_{m}(z)=z+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }a_{mn+1}z^{mn+1}$; $m\geq 1$; $|z|\lt1$ and obtained the sharp coefficient bounds $|a_{mn+1}|\leq\left[ (2/m+n-1)!\right] /\left[ (n!)(2/m-1)!\right] $. Pommerenke in 1962, proved the same coefficient bounds for m-fold symmetric close-to-convex functions. Nine years later, Keogh and Miller confirmed the same bounds for the class of m-fold symmetric Bazilevic functions. Here we will show that these bounds can be improved even further for the m-fold symmetric bi-close-to-convex functions. Moreover, our results improve those corresponding coefficient bounds given by Srivastava et al that appeared in 7(2) (2014) issue of this journal. A function is said to be bi-close-to-convex in a simply connected domain if both the function and its inverse map are close-to-convex there.
Energy core-ness based analysis of hybrid distributed energy systems using convoluted perturbations

This paper presents an energy core-ness based analysis of hybrid distributed energy systems to identify the most important or core nodes in the system. The proposed energy core-ness based analysis is used to compute a one-to-one relation between generation sources, storage nodes and loads, regardless of their distributed location in the system. Results indicate that the proposed energy core-ness analysis method could be applied to efficiently analyze the influence of energy nodes. A demonstration of its application to the IEEE 30 bus system is presented. On the other hand, in the presence of perturbations in the IEEE 300 bus system, traditional power flow analysis could not converge to the accurate solution, while the proposed core-ness analysis was able to calculate the contribution of generation and storage nodes to loads in the system. The proposed analysis could be influential in resolving the pressing technical challenges in hybrid distributed energy systems exposed to source fluctuations and uncertainties.
Therapy and outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the United States: analysis of the National Cancer Database

Although the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has evolved considerably over the past decade, the application of treatment modalities in the community has not been evaluated. We analyzed the use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and associated overall survival, among 9165 HIV-negative PCSNL cases reported to the US National Cancer Database in 2004-2013. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy significantly increased from 65.6% to 78.8% (P for trend <.0001), whereas the proportion receiving radiation therapy decreased from 37.6% to 18.8% (P < .0001). Adjusting for the varying distribution of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics by type of treating facility, the risk of not receiving chemotherapy was significantly lower in academic/research cancer programs compared with community programs (adjusted relative risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.76; P < .0001). Furthermore, omission of chemotherapy was associated with increasing age, comorbidities, black race, and indicators of poor socioeconomic status. Overall survival at 3 years was 37.7% (95% CI, 36.6-38.8) and ranged from 14.1% for patients treated with radiation therapy alone to 51.8% for those who received multiagent chemotherapy. There was evidence of improved survival over time (P for trend =.0002). The disparities in application of chemotherapy for PCNSL underscore the need to provide access to expert management for this rare disease and improve safe delivery of systemic treatment in the community setting, where most older patients receive their care.
Houses, Residential Burials, and Identity in the Rapayán Valley and the Upper Marañón Drainage, Peru, During Late Andean Prehistory

The impressive multi-story funerary monuments found in the Upper Maranon Drainage of the northern Central Andes of Peru have long fascinated people. Archaeologists and historians have studied their spatial distribution to define the identity of the populations occupying the region during the Late Intermediate period (A.D. 1000—1450). Rather than focus on monumental architecture, in this paper I explore group identity in the Upper Mara non by analyzing the shape and layout of houses and evidence of residential funerary practices. Based on a regional comparative approach, I argue that diversity in domestic architecture and mortuary customs reflects a constellation of distinct collective identities
Computational Differentiation M-Files for MATLAB

Abstract Computational differentiation is a means of finding the first, second, and higher order partial derivatives of a function. Computational differentiation eliminates the truncation error of numerical differentiation and reduces the roundoff error that often accompanies numerical differentiation. Computational differentiation provides the accuracy of analytical derivatives but does not require the user to find the analytical expressions. MATLAB is a software package oriented around vector and matrix operations. The latest version of MATLAB provides objects and operator overloading. These two features make it particularly attractive for implementing computational differentiation. A basic library of computational derivative routines is presented as MATLAB M -fils. A nonlinear optimization M -file based on Newton's method is given and applied to logit, probit, and ordered probit models as examples.
Abstract 317: Mas Receptor Deficiency Increases Blood Pressure Of Female Obese Mice

Objective: We recently demonstrated that female mice were protected from high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity hypertension. Protection of females from obesity-hypertension was associated with an activation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in adipose tissue as well as increased plasma concentrations of the ACE2 product, angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Previous investigators demonstrated that antagonism of Mas receptors (MasR), receptors for Ang-(1-7)-induced blood pressure regulation, abolished protection of female spontaneously hypertensive rats from angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of MasR protects females from obesity-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that MasR deficiency will abolish protection of female HF-fed mice from the development of obesity-induced hypertension. Methods and Results: Female (8 weeks old, C57BL/6 background) wild type (MasR+/+) and whole body MasR deficient mice (MasR-/-) were fed a HF diet (60% Kcal as fat) for 16 weeks. MasR deficiency had no effect on the development of diet-induced obesity (MasR+/+, 45 ± 2; MasR-/-, 46 ± 2 g). In addition, MasR deficiency had no significant effect on glucose tolerance of HF-fed mice (area under the curve for blood glucose concentrations: MasR+/+, 27766 ± 1675; MasR-/-, 26275 ± 1385). At 15 weeks of HF feeding, carotid artery catheters and radiotelemetry implants were implanted into anesthetized mice, and following 1 week of recovery, blood pressure was quantified for 3-5 days. Deficiency of MasR resulted in a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of HF-fed females compared to controls (24hr average: MasR+/+, 88 ± 2 mmHg; MasR-/, 93 ± 2 mmHg; P Conclusion: Deficiency of MasR promoted elevations in diastolic blood pressure of female obese mice. These results suggest that the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis contributes to protection of obese females from obesity-induced hypertension.
Deconstructing Bases: Fair, Fitting, and Fast Bases

Elementary school students wrestling with decimals quickly realize that not all fractions are created equal. While the relatively awkward fraction 17/32 turns into the modestly nice finite decimal 0.53125, other seemingly simple ones, like 2/3 = 0.66666666... or 1/7 = 0.14285714..., confront us with the sophisticated notion of infinite repeating decimals. Can we find a finitely fair base, one in which all fractions have finite representations? It is natural to start our hunt for a finitely fair base by changing from the familiar base 10 to base b, where b is any integer greater than 1. Unfortunately, the following review of representations base b reveals that for any b some fractions must have infinite repeating representations, while other fractions have finite representations. Recall that O.aa2a3 .. .b = alb a/b + a3/b2 = a3/b3 l n/bn, where the subscripted b indicates the base and an is an integer satisfying 0 < an < b 1. A fraction p/q in reduced form has a k-place representation in base b exactly when q divides bk but doesn't divide bk-l. For example, 32 = 25 divides 105 but not 104, so base 10 uses five decimal places for 17/32. If q has a prime factor not in b, the reduced fraction p/q has an infinite repeating representation base b. Since no fixed b has every prime factor, every base has some fractions with infinite repeating representations. Clearly, a finitely fair base requires something new, a mathematical "deconstruction" of the idea of a base. The postmodern term deconstruction describes something mathematicians have done for two centuries: probe a familiar concept more deeply to expose new interpretations and understandings. An initial deconstruction of base in the next section leads to a finitely fair base, called base {n!}. A further deconstruction in the middle section leads more generally to variable bases, which we use to find bases that "fit" a given real number with a specified representation. The final section critiques bases in yet another way, leading to competing measures for finitely fair bases. The Prime Number Theorem enables us to approximate one of these measures in terms of the other one and so resolve the competition between them. For ease we consider only representations of real numbers between 0 and 1, although the reader is invited to extend these ideas to the integer parts.
Cell-permeable bicyclic peptidyl inhibitors against T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase from a combinatorial library

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have been challenging targets for inhibitor design, because all PTPs share a highly conserved active site structure, which is positively charged and requires negatively charged moieties for tight binding. In this study, we developed cell-permeable bicyclic peptidyl inhibitors against T-cell PTP (TCPTP), which feature a cell-penetrating motif in one ring and a target-binding sequence in the second ring.
NVMD: Non-volatile memory assisted design for accelerating MapReduce and DAG execution frameworks on HPC systems

In this paper, we propose an accelerated execution framework (NVMD) for MapReduce and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based processing engines to leverage the benefits of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). Through NVMD, novel features for MapReduce, such as a hybrid push and pull shuffle mechanism, non-blocking send and receive operations, and dynamic adaptation to the network congestion have been presented. The design has been adopted in two different data intensive computing middleware: Hadoop and Tez. Performance results illustrate that NVMD can out-perform the current best execution frameworks by a significant margin.
Creating a Classroom Programming Lab Using Android and Blockly: (Abstract Only)

Current tools required for teaching computer science at any level of education are expensive and require a dedicated lab. With an increasing desire for early computer science education, pairing with the expensive costs for computers, there is an increasing need for a solution. In this paper, I will investigate a mobile-based solution to more effectively, both educationally and financially, solve this problem. I will describe the system and how it could be used as an effective solution.
Patient Evaluation and Physical Examination for Patients with Suspected Salivary Gland Diseases

The proper evaluation and examination of patients presenting with salivary gland complaints is the cornerstone to appropriate counseling and management. The basics of medical interviewing are taught at a very introductory level to medical providers, but the lessons presented have great bearing even for clinicians with significant experience and medical knowledge. A broad open-ended interview can be swiftly narrowed to the chief complaint with a thorough review of systems in place to ensure important clinical details are not missed. Patients with salivary gland complaints can present with non-acute and benign pathology or may present with life-threatening malignancy, and as such the clinician must treat each patient with sufficient concern and effort to ensure not only symptomatic improvement but also continued safety from significant morbidity and potential mortality. The clinical history and physical exam of the salivary glands have redundancy between the evaluation of the parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands. The redundancy of questioning ensures the fidelity of patient reporting. Gland-specific clinical scenarios and physical exam pearls are presented so that a comprehensive evaluation of the salivary glands can determine the pathology unique to each gland. The interview and evaluation of patients with salivary gland pathology are ever evolving. This ensures the proper use of clinical algorithms and appropriate testing which leads to an accurate diagnosis and understanding of the patient’s suitability for an expanding armamentarium of treatments.
Toward a Pluripolar Global Financial Architecture? The Bretton Woods Institutions and the New Landscape of Developmental Finance:

I advance three claims in the paper. First, the Asian and especially the global financial crisis occasioned discontinuities and continuities that are imparting incoherence to the global financial g...
Repeated DNA Sequences in Drosophila

In this chapter we will present a short review of the properties of repeated DNA sequences in Drosophila. Since Drosophila melanogaster has been the most extensively characterized species within this genus, most of our review will be focused on the structure of its genome. The chromosomal DNA of D. melanogaster can be broadly separated into three components by reassociation kinetics. Approximately two-thirds of this DNA, about 110,000 kilobases, is nonrepetitious; the remainder is reiterated and can be further subdivided into sequences that are either highly repetitive, with an average reiteration frequency of about 24,000, or moderately repetitive, with a reiteration frequency usually falling in a range of 10 to 100 copies per haploid genome. Highly repeated and moderately repeated DNA sequences each compose about one-sixth of the D. melanogaster DNA (1–3).
The Physical Basis and Origin of Hierarchical Control

My study of hierarchical organization began from the point of view of a physicist interested in the origin of life. I would not choose to study a concept that is so general and so poorly defined, except that no matter how I have looked at the question of the origin of life, I have not been able to evade the problem of the origin of hierarchical control. Hierarchical organization is so universal in the biological world that we usually pass it off as the natural way to achieve simplicity or efficiency in a large collection of interacting elements. If asked what the fundamental reason is for hierarchical organization, I suspect most people would simply say, “How else would you do it?”
Non-Adiabatic Electron Transfer: Some Dynamical and Electronic Extensions of Standard Rate Expressions

The standard Marcus-Hush approach for computing rates of non-adiabatic electron transfer processes is based upon a combination of perturbation theory and transition state theory. While the standard approach is both extremely powerful and widely applicable, there are certain experimental situations in which the transition state theory argument, in particular, is no longer valid. We discuss a number of situations in which extensions of Marcus-Hush theory are required to deal with electron transfer rate phenomena. These situations include: 1) nuclear tunneling reactions, in which a vibronic treatment, related to standard small polaron theory, can be used; 2) control of fast reactions by solvent dynamics, in which case the relaxation time spectrum of the solvent must be included in the rate discussion; 3) secondary stable minima on the potential energy surface, in which case gating phenomena may occur because alternative barriers and steepest descent pathways can be found for trajectories moving from reactant to product; 4) highly anisotropic diffusion or friction along different coordinates, in which case trajectories wander far from the steepest descents pathway and nonexponential transient behavior may be observed; 5) specific electronic effects, including modified initial states, the importance of coincidence events, choice of the initial state for electron transfer, breakdown of perturbation theory and generalized superexchange behavior.
Smoking and Addictive Behaviors

This chapter deals with the acquisition among adolescents of smoking and related addictive behaviors (e.g., marijuana use). It is appropriate to focus on the adolescent period because few younger children have acquired smoking or other substance-use habits and because few people who do not acquire them during adolescence will do so later. Indeed, the “midlife crises” so readily diagnosed by pop psychology may be resolved by experimentation with adolescent-typical behaviors (e.g., a fast sports car), but not typically by experimenting with addictive substances. Adolescence thus qualifies empirically as a critical period for the acquisition of substance-use addictions. Nothing physically limits adults from acquiring such addictions, so it is more likely that the criticality of the adolescent period is a psychological phenomenon.
Language and Culture Appropriate Approaches Needed to Improve Health Education to Reduce Disparities among Korean American Immigrants Living in Los Angeles

This study aimed to determine the disparities associated with health awareness and access to health education among Korean American residents living in the Los Angeles area. In particular, this research focused on gathering data on how Korean American immigrants perceive health information and what major barriers prevent them from gaining access to healthcare. In total, 421 Korean Americans living in Los Angeles participated in this study. The constructed 13-item questionnaires were provided in a pen and paper or online version in Korean or English. The quantitatively evaluated data revealed the status of exercise, smoking, access to healthcare, health interest, alcoholic consumption et al. in female and male subjects. Our study found that older age groups chose the paper survey option rather than the online version. They also preferred the Korean-translated survey over the English one. These findings suggest that careful consideration on language and format is required when assessing healthcare access in older generation Korean Americans. The major health concern of the paper survey group was also cancer prevention.
Short-Acting Anti-VWF Aptamer Improves the Recovery and Survival, and Hemostatic Functions of Refrigerated Platelets

Abstract Background: Refrigerated platelets are rapidly cleared upon transfusion. The mechanism of this fast clearance is not fully understood. It was recently reported that refrigeration-induced binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to platelets contributed to the rapid clearance of platelet after transfusion. Adding a peptide that blocks the binding of VWF to platelet GPIbα during refrigeration can improve the post-transfusion recovery and survival of refrigerated murine platelets in vivo. However, since the interaction of VWF with GPIbα is required for primary hemostasis, adding a long-acting inhibitory peptide to stored platelets may impede the hemostatic function of these platelets after transfusion. DNA aptamer ARC1779 binds VWF and inhibits its binding to GPIbα. It has previously been developed as an anti-thrombotic agent. Its half-life is relatively fast, at a reported 2 hours in human. Objective: We aimed to test whether ARC1779 can improve the post-transfusion recovery and survival of refrigerated platelets, and, due to its fast clearance rate, without significantly impeding the hemostatic functions of these platelets in vivo. Methods: Human or murine platelets were stored at 4°C with or without ARC1779 for 48 hours. VWF binding was measured by flow cytometry. After refrigeration, human platelets were retro-orbitally transfused into NOD-SCID mice, while murine platelets into wild-type mice. Post-transfusion, periodic blood draw was performed, and the percentage of infused platelets in the total platelet population was measured by flow cytometry to calculate the recovery and survival over time. To monitor the hemostatic function, refrigerated murine platelets were transfused into transgenic IL4R-IbαTg mice, and a tail bleeding time assay was performed at four hours after transfusion. IL4R-IbαTg platelets lack the extracellular domain of GPIbα and cannot bind VWF and other GPIbα ligands. As a result, hemostasis in IL4R-IbαTg mice is severely impaired. Results and conclusion: Treatment of ARC1779 during 48-hour refrigeration efficiently inhibited VWF binding to platelets. ARC1779-treated refrigerated murine platelets exhibit increased post-transfusion recovery and survival rates compared to untreated refrigerated ones. (Recovery of ARC1779-treated platelets: 76.7±5.5%; Untreated: 63.7±0.8%, N=6, p Disclosures Li: Neoletix: Consultancy, Equity Ownership.
Does Play Help Children Learn Words?: Analysis of a Book Play Approach Using an Adapted Alternating Treatments Design.

Increasing young children’s vocabulary remains one of the most challenging areas of early literacy instruction. Progress has been made in identifying techniques that, while often complex, w...
Recognizing diversity in parietal epithelial cells

Parietal epithelial cells comprise a heterogeneous cell population lining Bowman’s capsule. The study by Kuppe et al. focused on the peritubular region of Bowman’s capsule and explored the cell biology of 2 poorly characterized subtypes—the intermediate and the cuboidal parietal epithelial cells. The early and exuberant proliferative response of these subgroups in murine focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and human glomerular tip lesions identified a novel hot spot for glomerular lesion formation.
A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Mother's Milk Use in an Inner-City NICU.

Mother's milk is recommended for preterm infants due to numerous health benefits. At our inner-city hospital, >80% of mothers of infants younger than 34 weeks' gestation initiated milk production, but fewer continued until discharge. Among infants younger than 34 weeks' gestation, we aimed to (1) increase any mother's milk use in the 24 hours before discharge/transfer to >75%; (2) increase exclusive mother's milk use in the 24 hours before discharge/transfer to >50%; and (3) reduce racial/ethnic disparities in mother's milk use. Methods We conducted a quality improvement project from January 2015 to December 2017 focused on prenatal education, first milk expression ≤6 hours after birth, and skin-to-skin care in the first month. We tracked process measures and main outcomes with run and control charts among 202 infants younger than 34 weeks' gestation eligible to receive mother's milk born at our hospital; We tracked results according to maternal race/ethnicity subgroups. Results Forty-seven percent of mothers were non-Hispanic black, 28% were Hispanic, and 13% were non-Hispanic white. We improved the rate of first milk expression ≤6 hours after birth and skin-to-skin care in the first month but did not improve rates of any/exclusive mother's milk use at discharge/transfer. Eight-five percent of infants had mothers that initiated milk production, but only 55% received any mother's milk at discharge/transfer. Conclusions Our single-center quality improvement effort focused on infants younger than 34 weeks' gestation whose mothers were predominately Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks. We successfully increased first milk expression ≤6 hours after birth and skin-to-skin care but did not increase mother's milk use at discharge/transfer.
A sum–product theorem in matrix rings over finite fields

Abstract In this note, we study a sum–product estimate over matrix rings M n ( F q ) . More precisely, for A ⊂ M n ( F q ) , we have • if | A ∩ G L n ( F q ) | ≤ | A | / 2 , then max ⁡ { | A + A | , | A A | } ≫ min ⁡ { | A | q , | A | 3 q 2 n 2 − 2 n } ; • if | A ∩ G L n ( F q ) | ≥ | A | / 2 , then max ⁡ { | A + A | , | A A | } ≫ min ⁡ { | A | 2 3 q n 2 3 , | A | 3 / 2 q n 2 2 − 1 4 } . We also will provide a lower bound of | A + B | for A ⊂ S L n ( F q ) and B ⊂ M n ( F q ) .
Current Scenario of Poly (2,5-Benzimidazole) (ABPBI) as Prospective PEM for Application in HT-PEMFC

In last two decades, acid doped polybenzimidazole as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) has been widely recognized and envisioned as “ideal” proton conducting materials for application in high temp...
Left-sided Inferior Vena Cava with Hemiazygos Continuation to Left Superior Vena Cava.

Congenital anomalies of superior (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) are not uncommon and usually incidentally recognized. The normal embryogenesis is a complex process involving the formation of several anastomoses. Failure of certain vessels to develop or regress results in numerous caval variations and anomalies. Although these are usually without significant clinical implications, awareness of these anomalies is necessary to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and suggest the presence of other abnormalities and for the planning of vascular intervention or surgery. We present a very rare, caval anomaly, a left-sided IVC with hemiazygos continuation to left SVC in the absence of right SVC.
Qui bono? Foreign military, economic, diplomatic interventions, and the termination of civil wars: An integrative approach

What are the effects of foreign interventions in ending civil conflicts, especially when multiple different intervention types are deployed in a given dispute? Research to date has studied the role of third parties exclusively focusing on a single intervention type at the expense of others. The current project breaks with that tradition by proposing an integrative framework that incorporates various intervention types—military, economic, and diplomatic studies—employed in one conflict. More specifically, it begins with an interdependence model in which earlier external involvements in a conflict inform subsequent ones, demonstrating that interventions used within a civil war are interrelated with one another. Next, using mathematical models, it generates interventionary patterns in which foreign involvements are sequenced according to their chronological orders, integrating multiple intervention types. Finally, it develops an extended form of bargaining model that accounts for how each interventionary pattern influences civil wars by shifting the power distribution as it also reveals private information in regard to the real capacities of warring parties. Most importantly, the new bargaining framework incorporates the asymmetrical aspects of civil wars, enabling to assess how interventions impact conflict outcomes based on the party they are targeted. Ultimately, the project concludes that external interventions in any form, regardless of its target, end up with increasing opposition’s capacity while undermining incumbent, including, most conspicuously, any state-sided military assistance. The findings overall highlight the asymmetrical implications of foreign interventions in civil wars and the importance of concerted efforts in terminating these conflicts—a result that is undergirded by the incorporation of multiple interventions into the analysis.
Wedge reversion antisymmetry and 41 types of physical quantities in arbitrary dimensions.

It is shown that there are 41 types of multivectors representing physical quantities in non-relativistic physics in arbitrary dimensions within the formalism of Clifford algebra. The classification is based on the action of three symmetry operations on a general multivector: spatial inversion, 1, time-reversal, 1′, and a third that is introduced here, namely wedge reversion, 1†. It is shown that the traits of `axiality' and `chirality' are not good bases for extending the classification of multivectors into arbitrary dimensions, and that introducing 1† would allow for such a classification. Since physical properties are typically expressed as tensors, and tensors can be expressed as multivectors, this classification also indirectly classifies tensors. Examples of these multivector types from non-relativistic physics are presented.
Conceptual Research in Theoretical Studies: Intersections of Human Education and Curriculum

This paper examines Daisaku Ikeda’s perspective and practice of ningen kyoiku , or “human education.” Ikeda and the Soka tradition of education informing his perspective and practice have gained increasing purchase in the field of Curriculum Studies (Goulah & Ito, 2012; He, Schultz, & Schubert, 2015). Here, Cornell applies peace education pioneer Betty Reardon’s (2017) approach to understanding the alternative mode of thinking present in Ikeda’s philosophy and practice of peace to his philosophy and practice of human education. For Reardon, these modes include “values, i.e., moral and ethical principles and standards; concerns, i.e., problems that violate the values; proposals, i.e., ideas for overcoming or resolving the problems; actions, i.e., steps to implement the proposals; and consequences, i.e., potential outcomes of the actions” (Reardon, 2017, n.p.). Building off this framework, Goulah (2019) identifies a sixth mode of thinking, Buddhist philosophy, and indicates that Ikeda incorporates Buddhist philosophy to shed light on the problems and challenges he discusses. Cornell argues that these six modes of thinking present in Ikeda’s perspective on human education indicate his fundamental intent of outlining a vision in which human becoming, or what he calls “human revolution,” should be the central focus of all human endeavor and a central principle of Curriculum Studies. Salient to the field of Curriculum Studies, Schubert (2009) asks, “What is worth knowing, needing, experiencing, doing, being, becoming, sharing, contributing, and wondering?” (p. 22). Cornell concludes that the intersection of these questions in relation to human revolution and human becoming in education lead to the need for teacher agency in schools as learning cultures of human becoming.
Quantifying Uncertainties in the Temperature–Time Evolution of Railway Tunnel Fires

Extreme fire events in tunnels can have catastrophic consequences, including loss of lives, structural damage, and major socioeconomic impacts. The fire scenario itself is one of the primary parameters that would influence the level of damage in a tunnel. Standard hydrocarbon fire temperature–time curves exist but they are idealized and do not consider the actual fire duration and potential for fire spread within the tunnel. Furthermore, risk-based decision-making frameworks and performance-based design of tunnel linings require realistic sets of fire scenarios to quantify damage. This paper focuses on quantifying uncertainties in the temperature–time evolution of railway tunnel fires considering fire spread between train cars. In this study, 540 numerical simulations are conducted in fire dynamics simulator by varying ventilation velocity, amount of fuel, tunnel slope, ignition point, and criteria for fire spread between railcars. Temporal and spatial distribution of fire temperature in the tunnel is studied. The resulting 540 temperature–time curves at sections with the highest temperature are analyzed and statistics of the maximum fire temperature and duration, heating rate, and decay rate are provided. Fires with heat release rates larger than 40 MW are categorized as high-intensity with mean maximum temperature of 1007°C. Fires with heat release rates smaller than 30 MW are categorized as low-intensity with a mean maximum temperature of 245°C. The proposed framework can be expanded in future to establish guidelines for temperature demands in the design of concrete tunnel linings within risk-based frameworks to achieve required performance levels in railway tunnel fire events.
Abstract 2593: Inhibition of COX1/2-driven thromboxane A2 pathway suppresses Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma development

Barrett9s esophagus (BE), a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), predisposes patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Reliable biomarkers for early detection and discovery of potential drug targets are urgently needed for improved BE and EAC patient outcomes. In this study, COX2 and TBXAS are highly expressed in BE and EAC patients accompanied by a pronounced elevation of circulating TXA2 levels in patient biopsy samples. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) suppressed BE and EAC growth by targeting the TXA2 pathway in a esophagoduodenostomy mouse model of reflux. Additionally, biopsies from patients showed that ASA substantially decreased serum TXA2 levels, resulting in reduced inflammation in a window opportunity clinical trial. Overall, this study establishes the importance of the COX1/2-driven TXA2 pathway in BE and EAC pathophysiology and lays the groundwork for introducing a TXA2-targeting strategy for EAC prevention and early detection. ASA targets the TXA2 pathway and suppresses BE and EAC. Citation Format: Tianshun Zhang, Qiushi Wang, Wei-Ya Ma, Keke Wang, Xiaoyu Chang, Michele L. Johnson, Ruihua Bai, Ann M. Bode, Nathan R. Foster, Gary W. Falk, Prasad G. Iyer, Zigang Dong. Inhibition of COX1/2-driven thromboxane A2 pathway suppresses Barrett9s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2593.
A case for limited global contraction of Mercury.

Mercury is a one-plate planet that has experienced significant radial contraction primarily driven by interior cooling. In some previous studies aimed at estimating the total magnitude of contraction, numerous faults are assigned to positive relief landforms, many without evidence of origin by deformation, resulting in estimates of planetary radius reduction as large as 7 km. Here we use high-incidence angle image mosaics and topography from the MESSENGER mission to map Mercury’s contractional landforms. Each landform is assigned a single, principal fault, resulting in an amount of contractional strain equivalent to a radius change of no more than 1 to 2 km. A small radius change since the end of heavy bombardment is consistent with Mercury’s long-lived magnetic field and evidence of recent tectonic activity. It is concluded that the retention of interior heat and a lower degree of contraction may be facilitated by the insulating effect of a thick megaregolith. Planet Mercury’s radius probably reduced by no more than 2 km since the Late Heavy Bombardment, with a strong hemispheric dichotomy in contractional strain, suggesting the loss of interior heat over time is less than expected for a small rocky body
Inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction increases KLF4 and KLF2 expression in endothelial cells.

The transmembrane protein heart of glass1 (HEG1) directly binds to and recruits Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) to endothelial junctions to form the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex that establishes and maintains junctional integrity. Genetic inactivation or knockdown of endothelial HEG1 or KRIT1 leads to the upregulation of transcription factors Kruppel-like factors 4 and 2 (KLF4 and KLF2), which are implicated in endothelial vascular homeostasis; however, the effect of acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a high-throughput screening assay and molecular design of a small-molecule HEG1-KRIT1 inhibitor to uncover acute changes in signaling pathways downstream of the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex disruption. The small-molecule HEG1-KRIT1 inhibitor 2 (HKi2) was demonstrated to be a bona fide inhibitor of the interaction between HEG1 and KRIT1 proteins, by competing orthosterically with HEG1 through covalent reversible interactions with the FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain of KRIT1. The crystal structure of HKi2 bound to KRIT1 FERM revealed that it occupies the same binding pocket on KRIT1 as the HEG1 cytoplasmic tail. In human endothelial cells (ECs), acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction by HKi2 increased KLF4 and KLF2 mRNA and protein levels, whereas a structurally similar inactive compound failed to do so. In zebrafish, HKi2 induced expression of klf2a in arterial and venous endothelium. Furthermore, genome-wide RNA transcriptome analysis of HKi2-treated ECs under static conditions revealed that, in addition to elevating KLF4 and KLF2 expression, inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction mimics many of the transcriptional effects of laminar blood flow. Furthermore, HKi2-treated ECs also triggered Akt signaling in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner, as blocking PI3K activity blunted the Akt phosphorylation induced by HKi2. Finally, using an in vitro colocalization assay, we show that HKi6, an improved derivative of HKi2 with higher affinity for KRIT1, significantly impedes recruitment of KRIT1 to mitochondria-localized HEG1 in CHO cells, indicating a direct inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction. Thus, our results demonstrate that early events of the acute inhibition of HEG1-KRIT1 interaction with HKi small-molecule inhibitors lead to: (i) elevated KLF4 and KLF2 gene expression; and (ii) increased Akt phosphorylation. Thus, HKi's provide new pharmacologic tools to study acute inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 protein complex and may provide insights to dissect early signaling events that regulate vascular homeostasis.
Quality Control of Brand Name Aspirin drug and Generic Aspirin drug

Brand name drug is developed and produced by the brand name drug company through a complicated process. A new drug has to pass the following steps to be brought to the public: discovery, delivery, and manufacturing. A new compound needs to be found to fit the chemistry and physical characteristics. The dosage form of a suitable compound is then developed. The routes of administration are tested and dosage duration is optimized. The drug needs to be delivered into the targeted area at a certain rate in the environment in the human body. The active ingredient needs to be combined with other inactive ingredients for the easier manufacturing process as well as better absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and lower toxicity. The last part is the manufacturing part, which involves the development of the manufacturing process on a larger scale as well as getting approval from the FDA and testing results for pre-clinical and clinical tests. The company holds on the patent for the drug and the manufacturing process for 10 years, usually about the same period as the developing process. After the original patent expires, other generic drug companies can produce generic drugs (1). FDA requires the generic drug producer to prove that the drug they produce could have the same or comparable clinic effect as the brand name drug (2). The generic drugs are produced based on the concept of bioequivalence, meaning that the product should meet the same or comparable effect when the same number of active ingredients in the same dosage form and under the same route of administration is used (3). The 1984 Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act stopped the requirement for performing pre-clinical and clinical tests all the generic copied drugs because the bioequivalence allows the generic drug to have the same performance in the pre-clinical and clinical tests. There are certain differences between generic drugs and brand name drugs. The shape, inactive ingredient, packing methods, color, and flavoring may be different between the generic drug and brand name drugs to prevent violation against trademark laws (5).
Microtexture, Asperities, and Crack Deflection in Al-Li 2090 T8E41

Roughness-induced closure is held to be responsible for very low fatigue crack growth rates observed in certain plate orientations of Al-Li 2090 T8E41, and the geometry of asperities producing this closure correlates with macrotexture. Little work, however, has focused on the role of individual grain orientations (microtexture) or of average orientation within small groups of adjacent grains (mesotexture) on the crack's path through a sample, i.e., on whether the variation in grains' orientations determines where the crack will deflect. This paper reports synchrotron X-ray microbeam diffraction mapping of the three-dimensional microtexture in samples of Al-Li 2090. Groups of adjacent pancake-shaped grains are found to have very similar orientations, producing nearly single-crystal regions approaching thicknesses of 0.3 mm along the sample's S (short-transverse) direction. These near-single-crystal volumes produce large asperities with surfaces having substantial Mode III character, asperities which appear over the range of stress intensity ranges observed (5 to 25 MPa{radical}m). Results of these experiments suggest not only that this type of mesotexture plays an important role in determining fatigue crack path in compact tension samples of Al-Li 2090 but also that specific orientations of the groups of grains lead to large crack deflections.
Health consequences of same and opposite-sex unions: partnership, parenthood, and cardiovascular risk among young adults

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine union and parenthood differences across same and opposite-sex couples in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference) among partnered (dating, cohabiting, married) young adults ages 25–33. Relative to women dating men, women cohabiting with women reported lower DBP and were less likely to have high CRP. Mothers reported lower SBP and DBP than non-mothers, but were more likely to have high waist circumference if they lived with a biological or step-child. Among men, nonresidential fathers reported higher DBP than nonfathers, and married men were more likely to have high waist circumference than men dating an opposite-sex partner. Same-sex cohabitation was neither a risk factor nor a health resource for men. Although the sample sizes for same-sex couples are quite small compared with those for opposite-sex couples, this study provides initial insight that occupying a sexual minority status while partnered is associated with some health benefits and few or no health risks relative to those who are dating an opposite sex partner.
STUDIES ON AN EPITHELIAL (GLAND) CELL JUNCTION I. Modifications of Surface Membrane Permeability

Membrane permeability of an epithelial cell junction (Drosophila salivary gland) was examined with intracellular microelectrodes and with fluorescent tracers. In contrast to the non-junctional cell membrane surface, which has a low permeability to ions (10(-4) mho/cm(2)), the junctional membrane surface is highly permeable. In fact, it introduces no substantial restriction to ion flow beyond that in the cytoplasm; the resistance through a chain of cells (150 ohm cm) is only slightly greater than in extruded cytoplasm (100 ohm cm). The diffusion resistance along the intercellular space to the exterior, on the other hand, is very high. Here, there exists an ion barrier of, at least, 10(4) ohm cm(2). As a result, small ions and fluorescein move rather freely from one cell to the next, but do not leak appreciably through the intercellular space to the exterior. The organ here, rather than the single cell, appears to be the unit of ion environment. The possible underlying structural aspects are discussed.
Scaling of the nonlinear response of metal/dielectric plasmonic waveguides

The scaling of the nonlinear response of a single-interface plasmonic waveguide is studied, where both the metal and dielectric display nonlinearity. We introduce a figure-of-merit that guides metal/dielectric nanophotonic device design for specific applications.
A 3-D computer simulation study of body surface Laplacian maps during ventricular activation

The goal of this study was to evaluate the spatial resolution of body surface Laplacian maps (BSLMs) to localize ventricular electrical activity on the anterior wall of the heart by means of computer simulation. A 3-D computer heart-torso model was used to simulate cardiac electrical activity, BSLMs and body surface potential maps (BSPMs). A two site pacing protocol was used to generate two simultaneous myocardial events on the anterior epicardial wall, and on the anterior endocardial wall. The BSLM showed better performance as compared with the BSPM for localizing initial ventricular activation following two site pacing. The present study suggests that body surface Laplacian mapping merits further investigation to explore its application to the clinical diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities. >