cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin deficiencies in acutely intoxicated patients in the ED.

Abstract Objective Physicians often administer intravenous multivitamins to intoxicated patients in the emergency department (ED); however, this practice is not supported by evidence from any prior study. We determined the prevalences of vitamin deficiencies in patients presenting to our ED with alcohol intoxication. Methods This study was a prospective, cross-section, observational study of a convenience sample of ED patients presenting with acute alcohol intoxication. Patients were tested for B12, folate, and thiamine levels as add-ons to their blood samples. Results Seventy-seven patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 46 years, and 19% were female; the mean blood alcohol level was 280 mg/dL. Of 75 patients, no one (0%) had low B12 or folate levels (95% confidence interval, 0-0.05); 6 (15%) of 39 patients had low thiamine levels (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.31). Of these 6 patients, none exhibited clinical signs of thiamine deficiency. Conclusions In our ED, patients with acute ethanol intoxication do not have B12 or folate deficiencies. A significant minority (15%) of patients have thiamine deficiency; its clinical significance is unclear. Widespread administration of multivitamins is unwarranted by these findings, but thiamine may be considered.
Series transformation formulas of Euler type, Hadamard product of series, and harmonic number identities

The Hadamard multiplication theorem for series is used to establish several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain a number of binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the Laguerre polynomials. We also evaluate in a closed form certain power series with harmonic numbers.
Insulin and dextrose effects on fixed-interval behavioral thermoregulation in albino rats.

Summary.-This study is a systematic replication of the effects of insulin doses on operant behavior reinforced (in an earlier scudy) by fixed-ratio schedules of microwave (MW) reinforcement. In this study, insulin and dextrose doses were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of MW reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW radiation (SAR = 0.34 Watts/kg/(mW/cml) under the FI-2' schedules. Humulin-regular insulin and 50% solutions of dextrose were administered (ip) alternately with saline control sessions for 8-hr. durations. A within-subjects, repeated-measures 4 x 8 x 3 factorial analysis of variance design showed that insulin doses suppressed operant responding for heat, which confirmed the results of the earlier study under a different schedule. In addition, high doses of dextrose had similar suppressing effects on operant responding for heat. The data ate interpreted in terms of the discriminative properties of increased thermogenesis produced by the insulin and dextrose doses. The suppressing effects were more pronounced for the fint two hours, yet they persisted for approximately six hours of the 8-hr. sessions. The present study is a "systematic replication" of the VituVi, Tyler, Hartzog, and Quinn (1989) study in which insulin preparations resulted in a suppression of operant rates of responding for microwave reinforcement in a cold environment. A review of the literature on therrnic effects of insuIin on internal (respondent) behavior can be found in the article by Vitulli, et al.
Abstract 2284: Investigation of notch-1, ErbB-2, and ERα crosstalk in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Notch-1 is a breast oncogene that is overexpressed with its ligand Jagged-1 in human breast cancers-associated with the poorest overall survival. Notch signaling can be inhibited by a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI). We have recently determined that the estrogen receptor-alpha or ErbB-2 inhibits Notch-1 activation in breast cancer cells. In the current study, we sought to uncover the complex crosstalk between ER, ErbB-2, and Notch-1 and ask whether triple combination treatment can disrupt this complex cross-talk model to inhibit growth of ER positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and possibly prevent anti-hormone resistance. The results demonstrated that following 1 week of estrogen deprivation, MCF-7 cells develop resistance and regrow. Canonical Notch gene targets: Hes-1, Hey-1, Hes-5, and Deltex-1 are significantly increased at this 1 week time point. Similarly, ErbB-2 mRNA increased significantly after 72 hours of estrogen deprivation. Upon treatment with fulvestrant, a pure ant-estrogen, ER transcriptional activity as measured by PS2 mRNA is inhibited after one week. Interestingly, the combination of fulvestrant and lapatinib, an anti-ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, synergistically increased both Deltex-1 and ErbB-2 mRNAs which were reduced upon GSI treatment. Western blot analysis showed an increase in ER and tyrosine-phosphorylated ErbB-2 and total ErbB-2 proteins. This increase in protein expression was further increased upon dual treatment with fulvestrant and lapatinib. Conversely, treatment with a Notch inhibitor, GSI caused a decrease in both total and tyrosine-phosphorylated ErbB-2. Cell cycle analysis showed that fulvestrant treatment significantly growth arrested cells in G1 while decreasing cells in S-phase. However, lapatnib or GSI or the combination treatments did not further enhance the growth inhibitory effects of fulvestrant. Similar results were observed using Annexin-V analysis by flow cytometry as a measure of early apoptosis. These results suggest that while inhibiting ER and ErbB-2 simultaneously increases Notch activation in a synergistic manner, this dramatic increase in Notch activity in the short term does not sensitize ER positive breast cancer cells to a Notch inhibitor to undergo cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2284. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2284
Unbiased economic dispatch in control areas with conventional and renewable generation sources

Abstract This paper describes an economic dispatch formulation for a power system control area with high penetration of renewable generation and energy storage. We develop a comprehensive objective function that is unbiased to both the conventional and renewable generation sources. Operating constraints of conventional sources are considered, wind turbine generation is treated as a dispatchable source, and solar photovoltaic generation as negative load. A simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization algorithm are separately applied to minimize the objective function. The results obtained by the proposed economic dispatch formulation show that even a variable energy resource like wind can be dispatched in a manner that benefits the control area as a whole.
Rapamycin treatment of healthy pigs subjected to acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury attenuates cardiac functions and increases myocardial necrosis.

Background The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a major regulator of cell immunity and metabolism. mTOR is a well-known suppressor of tissue rejection in organ transplantation. However, it has other nonimmune functions: in the cardiovascular system, it is a regulator of heart hypertrophy and locally, in coated vascular stents, it inhibits vascular wall cell growth and hence neointimal formation/restenosis. Because the mTOR pathway plays major roles in normal cell growth, metabolism, and survival, we hypothesized that inhibiting it with rapamycin before an acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) would confer cardioprotection by virtue of slowing down cardiac function and metabolism. Methods Yorkshire pigs received either placebo or 4 mg/d rapamycin orally for 7 days before the IRI. All animals underwent median sternotomy, and the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure-volume data were collected throughout the operation. The ischemic and infarcted areas were determined by monastral blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, respectively, and plasma cardiac troponin I concentration. mTOR kinase activities were monitored in remote cardiac tissue by Western blotting with specific antibodies against mTOR substrates phosphorylating sites. Results Rapamycin before treatment impaired endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, attenuated cardiac function during IRI, and increased myocardial necrosis. Western blotting confirmed effective inhibition of myocardial mTOR kinase activities. Conclusions Acute myocardial IRI, in healthy pigs treated with rapamycin, is associated with decreased cardiac function and higher myocardial necrosis.
Group Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa

We present the rationale and development of group psychotherapy for anorectic patients on the Psychosomatic Unit at Children's Hospital Medical Center of Boston. The issues and experience of 31 patients, both inpatient and outpatient, treated in 63 sessions over 15 months, are described.
Modeling vocal disorders via formant synthesis

The authors consider the synthesis of speech with various vocal characteristics, such as modal, creaky, breathy, rough, and hoarse. The relationships between the acoustical parameters of the glottal source pulses and these vocal characteristics were reviewed. Based on the acoustical parameters needed to model these vocal characteristics, a novel unified glottal source model was developed. This source model was tested with a formant synthesizer for its ability to synthesize speech with various vocal characteristics. Informal listening tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of this source model. The preliminary results are encouraging, and more rigorous testing of this model and further development of the glottal source model for each vocal characteristic are underway. Applications of this work include high-quality speech synthesis and the modeling of vocal disorders. >
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of N‐[[4‐[2‐(Carboxyl)‐1‐Cycloalken‐1‐yl]Phenyl]Methyl]Imidazoles as Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A series of nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists was synthesized via palladium-assisted cross coupling of aryl stannane and cycloalkenyl triflates and subsequent alkylation of silyl-protected imidazole. Our compounds, which have a terminal five- to seven-membered cycloalkenyl ring, are compared to DuPont EXP7711, an N-[(2′-carboxybiphenylyl)methyl]imidazole, which has a terminal phenyl moiety. Physicochemical properties of the compounds, such as lipophilicity, steric bulk, conformation, and the relative spatial proximity of the 2-carboxyl and the middle phenyl, are quantitated by computational chemistry. Potency in terms of binding affinity to AT1 receptors in rat adrenal glomerulosa and rabbit aorta is maximized when the terminal ring is aromatic.
Solution of the End Problem of a Liquid-Filled Cylindrical Acoustic Waveguide Using a Biorthogonality Principle

This paper treats the forced motion of an isothermal, Newtonian liquid in a semi-infinite cylindrical waveguide. Its bounding wall is assumed rigid, allowing neither normal nor tangential fluid velocities at its inner surface. Small amplitude acoustic waves are considered to be driven by a steady periodic motion due to the rotationally symmetric deflection of an end plate or membrane. A series expansion of the waveguide eigenmodes is used to construct the solution for the motion anywhere within the guide. Based on a biorthogonality property of the eigenmodes, each coefficient of the series is shown to be directly calculable in terms of axial velocity and radial shear stress at the driver face. Also, results of Galerkin solutions, based on driver axial velocity and zero radial velocity, are given for comparison.
UFLIC: a line integral convolution algorithm for visualizing unsteady flows

The paper presents an algorithm, UFLIC (Unsteady Flow LIC), to visualize vector data in unsteady flow fields. Using line integral convolution (LIC) as the underlying method, a new convolution algorithm is proposed that can effectively trace the flow's global features over time. The new algorithm consists of a time-accurate value depositing scheme and a successive feedforward method. The value depositing scheme accurately models the flow advection, and the successive feedforward method maintains the coherence between animation frames. The new algorithm can produce time-accurate, highly coherent flow animations to highlight global features in unsteady flow fields. CFD scientists, for the first time, are able to visualize unsteady surface flows using the algorithm.
Thyroid cancer in Hawaii

A 5-year study revealed the incidence of thyroid cancer on Oahu, Hawaii, to be the highest in the world in women and among the highest in men. Of the 5 ethnic groups that were studied (i.e., Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Japanese), the age-specific and age-standardized incidence in all groups was higher than in comparison populations. It was especially elevated in women of Chinese ancestry.
Development and psychometric properties of the Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory.

The Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory (SCSI) is a self-report instrument that measures the frequency and effectiveness of children's stress-coping strategies. The SCSI has adequate internal consistency for a new instrument (.79) and moderate test-retest reliability for a changeable construct (.73 to .82). Construct validity was supported by significantly lower coping scores among children with one or more stress-related conditions compared to asymptomatic controls. Factor analysis suggests the SCSI is a one-factor instrument. Low correlations between the SCSI and related but different constructs (stressors and self-esteem) measured by two different methods (self-report and observation) in a multitrait-multimethod matrix showed divergent validity. Convergent validity with the Coping Inventory was not demonstrated.
Practical Synthesis of Hydroxamate-Derived Siderophore Components by an Indirect Oxidation Method and Syntheses of a DIG−Siderophore Conjugate and a Biotin−Siderophore Conjugate

A practical large-scale synthesis of hydroxamate-derived siderophore components (30 and 40) that utilizes an efficient indirect oxidation method is described and applied to the syntheses of nonradioactive labeled siderophores. Oxidation of imines derived from l-ornithine (17) and its tripeptide (19) afforded oxaziridines that were isomerized to stable nitrones (16 and 18). Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitrones provided hydroxylamines that were converted to the desired hydroxamic acids (30 and 40) suitable for constructing siderophore−drug conjugates (2). The entire synthetic sequence required no chromatographic separation. DIG- and biotin-labeled ferrichrome analogues designed to detect and isolate ferrichrome receptors in various microbes were also synthesized.
Radon reduction in homes constructed on saprolite in the Central Appalachians

A 3-year study of indoor radon in more than 1000 homes in northern Virginia and southern Maryland was conducted using 3-month exposure alpha-track monitors. In a study set of 200 homes, first-floor indoor radon concentrations, which most closely approximates home exposure levels, averaged slightly more than 3 pCi/l. In a study set of 100 homes, sub-slab ventilation was used to reduce indoor radon concentrations. Interest in remediation was related to public perception of the hazardous nature of radon; people living in homes with indoor radon measurements of more than 4 pCi/l were more likely to participate in the remediation phase of the project. Sub-slab ventilation was successful in more than 90% of the homes in reducing indoor radon from concentrations as high as 30 pCi/ to less than 4 pCi/l, at least for the entire year of post-remediation radon measurements.
Sustained attention in children with primary language impairment: a meta-analysis.

Purpose This study provides a meta-analysis of the difference between children with primary or specific language impairment (LI) and their typically developing peers on tasks of sustained attention...
Growth and fabrication of AlGaN-based ultraviolet light emitting diodes on 6H-SiC(0001) substrates and the effect of carrier-blocking layers on their emission characteristics

Abstract Growth, fabrication, and the electrical and optical characterization of ultraviolet light emitting diodes and their components, including AlxGa1−xN films, quantum wells (QWs), and ohmic contacts, and the problems encountered in the process integration of these components have been investigated. Ni/Au ohmic contacts with specific contact resistivities of 2.2 × 10−4 and 2.0 × 10−2 Ω cm2 were achieved on annealed, Mg-doped ([Mg] ∼ 5 × 1019 cm−3), p-type GaN layers that had been cleaned in HCl at 85 °C and on the backside of the SiC substrates after annealing in nitrogen, respectively. The emission intensity of the diodes increased with an increase in the number of Al0.06Ga0.94N/Al0.10Ga0.90N QWs and with the use of Si-doped n-type barrier layers. The highest intensities of the principle emission at 353 nm were measured at all values of the injection current in the device with a p-type carrier-blocking layer at the top of the QWs; this device also exhibited the highest values of light output power. Growth of an n-type carrier-blocking layer at the bottom of the QWs had an adverse effect on their characteristics. A broad peak centered at ∼540 nm exhibited yellow luminescence and was present in the spectra acquired from all the devices. This peak is attributed to absorption of the ultraviolet emission by and re-emission from the p-GaN and/or to the luminescence from the AlGaN within QWs by current injection.
Reasons for, and consequences of, revealing personal secrets in close relationships: A longitudinal study

This investigation examines whether individuals’ reasons for keeping secrets predict whether they eventually reveal those secrets and whether individuals can accurately anticipate the outcomes of revealing. Respondents (n= 342) first reported on a secret they were keeping and then returned 2 months later to report whether they had revealed it and, if so, what happened when they did. Findings indicated that participants’ reasons for keeping a secret predicted whether they revealed it. The results also indicated both accuracy and inaccuracy in secret tellers’ expectations of the outcomes of revealing a secret. Finally, despite some demonstrable inaccuracies in the forecasted outcomes, participants’ retrospective accounts after revealing suggested that participants typically believed that they had accurately predicted the consequences of revealing.
A REVISED SYNOPSIS OF NEARCTIC THAUMATOMYIA (=CHLOROPISCA) (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE)*

Flies of the genus Thaumatomyia Zenker (=Chloropisca Loew) are small but common, and identification is frequenlly requested for faunal, ecological or other studies. Their highly polished, glabrous, usually yellow and black striped appearance stands out sharply among the many kinds of small dark flies captured by sweeping.
Histone chaperone Chz1p regulates H2B ubiquitination and subtelomeric anti-silencing

Chz1p is a histone chaperone that interacts physically and functionally with the histone variant Htz1p, which has been implicated in establishing and maintaining boundaries between transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin and active euchromatin. To investigate the role of Chz1p in chromatin organization, we performed genome-wide expression arrays and chromatin immunoprecipitations of SIR complex components and modified histones in a CHZ1 deletion strain. Deletion of CHZ1 led to reduced ubiquitination of subtelomere-associated H2B, reduced subtelomeric H3K79 di-methylation, and increased binding of Sir3p, and Sir4p at telomere-distal euchromatin regions, correlating with decreased gene expression in subtelomeric regions. This anti-silencing defect appears to be mediated by enhanced association of de-ubiquitinase Ubp10p with subtelomeric DNA, as detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. In support of this, we show that deletion of UBP10 can antagonize the subtelomeric silencing phenotype of Δchz1. Taken together, the results demonstrate a novel role for Chz1p in epigenetic regulation, through H2B de-ubiquitination by Ubp10p.
Niobium Bis-alkylidene Complexes Prepared by a Multi-Electron Redox Process

High-valent niobium bis-alkylidene complexes have been structurally authenticated along with the first paramagnetic Nb(IV) alkylidene. The bis-alkylidene complexes presented in this work are thought to be generated via a redox process involving α-hydride elimination from a transient Nb(III) bis-alkyl complex. X-ray diffraction, DFT, and multinuclear NMR studies are consistent with these bis-alkylidenes having drastically different chemical environments.
RANKPROP: a web server for protein remote homology detection.

Summary: We present a large-scale implementation of the Rankprop protein homology ranking algorithm in the form of an openly accessible web server. We use the NRDB40 PSI-BLAST all-versusall protein similarity network of 1.1 million proteins to construct the graph for the Rankprop algorithm, whereas previously, results were only reported for a database of 108 000 proteins. We also describe two algorithmic improvements to the original algorithm, including propagation from multiple homologs of the query and better normalization of ranking scores, that lead to higher accuracy and to scores with a probabilistic interpretation. Availability: The Rankprop web server and source code are available
The Role of the Ulama in the Politics of an Islamic State: the Case of Saudi Arabia

Islam's influence on political values and, as a result on the political behavior of the Muslim state, has traditionally been analyzed in terms of two general categories. These categories were the purely religious and the purely temporal, which in turn identified the interests of theological beliefs and transcendentally fixed ethical duties on the one hand and the interests of ruling dynasties, military and financial affairs on the other. The influence pattern, however, is more complex than the one suggested by the traditional approach.
Teachers' Knowledge of Facts and Myths about Suicide

Suicidal behavior is a serious public health concern that has prompted the development of prevention strategies, which include increasing community members' knowledge about suicide. Given that teachers are in a key position to recognize and respond to suicidal behavior, this study examined teachers' knowledge about suicide to identify how they need to be educated relative to its prevention. 82 Canadian school teachers from middle and high schools were administered a revised version of the 32-item Facts on Suicide Quiz to examine their knowledge of suicide. Analysis indicated that general information about suicide was limited, while knowledge of clinically relevant information about suicide, e.g., "Suicide rarely happens without warning," was relatively high.
Determinants involving q-Stirling numbers

Let S[i,j] denote the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind. We show that the determinant of the matrix (S[s+i+j,s+j])"0"=<"i","j"=<"n is given by the product q^s^+^n^+^1^3^-^s^3.[s]^0.[s+1]^1...[s+n]^n. We give two proofs of this result, one bijective and one based upon factoring the matrix. We also prove an identity due to Cigler that expresses the Hankel determinant of q-exponential polynomials as a product. Lastly, a two variable version of a theorem of Sylvester and an application are presented.
The varieties of Sioux Christianity, 1860–1980, in international perspective.

The paper analyses the multiple ways in which the Sioux have dealt with missionary Christianity between roughly 1860 and 1980, placing this in an international perspective. It addresses the question of how and why Christianity became pervasive among the Sioux despite the avowed purpose of missionaries to extirpate Native culture. It contends that the churches willy-nilly preserved many elements of that culture and provided leadership opportunities for Natives that were not available through other institutions. It examines this process in the light of several interpretations of missionary encounters drawn from other cases, both in North America and Africa. While the Sioux exhibited a variety of ways of adapting to Christianity and combining it with their native religion, the most prominent strategy was dual participation, the simultaneous separate practice of the two. ‘Most Sioux people maintain membership in, and belief in the efficacy of, some Christian denomination.’ Raymond J. De Mallie and Douglas R. Parks, 1987 1 ‘A very small percentage of Native Americans are practicing Christians.’ William Baldridge, 1993 2
Biological complexes of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

Short-chain complexed poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, 130–170 monomer units, is a ubiquitous constituent of cells, wherein it is usually associated with other macromolecules by multiple coordinate bonds, or by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. This conserved PHB has been isolated from the plasma membranes of bacteria, from a variety of plant tissues, and from the plasma membranes, mitochondria, and microsomes of animal cells. In bacterial membranes, PHB has been found complexed to the calcium salts of inorganic polyphosphates, and to single-stranded DNAs. The ability of PHB to solvate salts, consisting of cations having high solvation energies and large delocalized anions, is in accordance with its molecular characteristics, that of a flexible linear molecule possessing a large number of electron-donating ester oxygens suitably spaced to replace the hydration shell of cations. In turn, PHB may be rendered soluble in aqueous media by complexation to water-soluble proteins, such as serum lipoproteins and albumin. Such solvates are highly resistant to hydrolytic enzymes. These findings suggest that the physiological roles of this unique biopolymer may include the solvation of salts of polymeric anions to facilitate their movement through hydrophobic barriers, and the protection of cellular polymers from enzymatic degradation.
Longitudinal assessment of the Integrated Curriculum in Engineering (ICE)

This paper describes the contents and results of a program designed to improve the experience of students in the freshman engineering curriculum. The Integrated Curriculum in Engineering (ICE) placed freshmen engineering student volunteers into specifically designed sections of the foundation courses required of all engineering students. These include the calculus sequence, the physics sequence, the humanities sequence, social sciences, and introductory engineering courses. The assessment of this program includes informal and formal components and longitudinal assessment of the program, as to the effect it had on the students' success in their upper level courses. The formal and longitudinal assessment measures include attitudinal surveys about use of teams, use of active learning, use of computer technology, use of software, adjustment to the university, and a variety of other topics.
A near optimal isosurface extraction algorithm using the span space

Presents the "Near Optimal IsoSurface Extraction" (NOISE) algorithm for rapidly extracting isosurfaces from structured and unstructured grids. Using the span space, a new representation of the underlying domain, we develop an isosurface extraction algorithm with a worst case complexity of o(/spl radic/n+k) for the search phase, where n is the size of the data set and k is the number of cells intersected by the isosurface. The memory requirement is kept at O(n) while the preprocessing step is O(n log n). We utilize the span space representation as a tool for comparing isosurface extraction methods on structured and unstructured grids. We also present a fast triangulation scheme for generating and displaying unstructured tetrahedral grids.
Ambipolar magnetic fluctuation‐induced heat transport in toroidal devices

The total magnetic fluctuation‐induced electron thermal flux has been determined in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed‐field pinch [Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] from the measured correlation of the heat flux along perturbed fields with the radial component of the perturbed field. In the edge region the total flux is convective and intrinsically ambipolar constrained, as evidenced by the magnitude of the thermal diffusivity, which is well approximated by the product of ion thermal velocity and the magnetic diffusivity. A self‐consistent theory is formulated and shown to reproduce the experimental results, provided nonlinear charge aggregation in streaming electrons is accounted for in the theory. For general toroidal configurations, it is shown that ambipolar constrained transport applies when remote magnetic fluctuations (i.e., global modes resonant at distant rational surfaces) dominate the flux. Near locations where the dominant modes are resonant, the transport is nonambipolar. This agrees with the radial variation of diffusivity in MST. Expectations for the tokamak are also discussed.
Modeling Precision Connectors with a High Frequency Structure Simulator

Presents a series of slides and explanations of modeling precision vonnectors with a high frequency structure simulators.
Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Hydropower Analysis: Benefits of Hydropower in Large-Scale Integration of Renewables in the Western United States

NREL and research partner GE are conducting the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) in order to provide insight into the costs and operational impacts caused by the variability and uncertainty of wind, photovoltaic, and concentrated solar power employed to serve up to 35% of the load energy in the WestConnect region (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Wyoming). The heart of the WWSIS is an hourly cost production simulation of the balancing areas in the study footprint using GE’s Multi-Area Production Simulation Model (MAPS). The estimated 2017 load being served is 60 GW, with up to 30 GW of wind power and 4 GW of existing hydropower. Because hydropower generators are inherently flexible and often combined with reservoir storage, they play an important role in balancing load with generation. However, these hydropower facilities serve multiple higher priority functions that constrain their use for system balancing. Through a series of comparisons of the MAPS simulations, it was possible to deduce the value of hydropower as an essential balancing resource. Several case comparisons were performed demonstrating the potential benefits of hydro and to ascertain if the modeled data was within the defined hydro parameters and constraints. The results, methodologies, and conclusions of these comparisons are discussed, including how the hydro system is affected by the wind power for different wind forecasts and penetration levels, identifying the magnitude and character of change in generation pattern at each of the selected hydro facilities. Results from this study will focus on the appropriate benefits that hydropower can provide as a balancing resource including adding value to wind and solar and reducing system operating costs to nearly one billion dollars when offsetting more expensive generation systems as large penetration levels of renewable, especially wind power, are introduced to the grid system.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A new self-aligned top-gate polysilicon TFT architecture for low temperature processing

Summary form only given. Laser crystallized polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) have been found attractive for active matrix addressing with integrated drivers on low temperature glass substrates and more recently on plastic substrates. The TFT process typically uses a top gate self-aligned architecture with a laser crystallization channel anneal and a thermal doping activation anneal. For very low temperature processing, two laser anneal steps are required (Carey et al, 1997). In this work, we have developed a new self-aligned TFT architecture that requires only a single laser process step to achieve simultaneous crystallization and doping. It also has the advantage of allowing an efficient hydrogen passivation step early in the process.
Distribution, Status, and Life-History Observations of Crayfishes in Western North Carolina

Abstract Approximately 390 native North American crayfish species are known, representing nearly two-thirds of the world&s crayfish fauna. The majority of these species occur in the southeastern United States. North Carolina supports a substantial proportion of that diversity with 41 described indigenous crayfish species, 12 of which are endemic, and 3 introduced species, many of which are of significant conservation interest. In the late 1990s, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) began a focused effort to inventory and establish baselines for monitoring populations of both native stream-dwelling and burrowing crayfishes and invasive non-native species. During 2004–2005, that effort was completed for the Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, Savannah, French Broad, Watauga, New, Catawba, and Broad river basins in western North Carolina. Twenty-four stream-dwelling species and 5 burrowing species were collected from 199 stream sites and 58 burrowing sites. New records for many species, including...
Evaluation of SuperLU on multicore architectures

The Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) will be the basic building block for computer systems ranging from laptops to supercomputers. New software developments at all levels are needed to fully utilize these systems. In this work, we evaluate performance of different high- performance sparse LU factorization and triangular solution algorithms on several representative multicore machines. We included both Pthreads and MPI implementations in this study and found that the Pthreads implementation consistently delivers good performance and that a left-looking algorithm is usually superior.
Adoption of Organophosphate Alternatives in Washington Apple IPM Programs: Survey Evidence From Pest Management Consultants and Growers

Azinphos-methyl (AZM) has been the primary insecticide used to fight codling moth ( Cydia pomonella L.) in apple production in the United States since the late 1960s. In 2006, the Environmental Protection Agency decided to phase out AZM over a 6-year period. This regulatory action sparked educational efforts at Washington State University to promote organophosphate (OP) alternatives within apple integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Drawing on the diffusion of innovations framework and surveys of Washington State pest management consultants and apple growers, we explore trends in the recommendation and use of OP insecticides, OP alternatives, and IPM practices for codling moth management. The transition prompted by the AZM phaseout consisted of a switch from OP insecticides to OP alternatives within existing IPM programs without major change in the use of IPM practices themselves. We also discuss the importance of innovation-decision type (authority vs. optional), perceived innovation characteristics, communication channels, and change agents' promotion efforts in the adoption and diffusion of OP alternatives within apple IPM programs. This case study illustrates how multiple drivers (regulatory, technological, and educational) can lead to widespread industry change and how educational outreach programs seeking to influence adoption behavior can benefit from an understanding of preferred communication channels and perceptions of innovation attributes.
Viability and bar expression are negatively correlated in Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant hybrids

The expression level of bar, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), was correlated with the inviability of barley hybrids between 20 Golden Promise-derived transgenic lines (Ds-bar lines) and a specialized genetic marker stock, Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant (OWBD). Each Ds-bar line was homozygous for a modified maize Ds element that encoded bar and that had been delivered via transposition to a unique location. All Ds-bar lines were viable and morphologically similar. Only four of the 20 hybrid populations were viable. The remaining populations died prior to producing seed. Phenotypic, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses of these lines, and of lines from unrelated transformation events that also expressed bar, showed that viability was negatively correlated with bar expression. Analysis of crosses of a high-bar-expressing line with the OWB mapping population showed that the sensitivity of OWBD to PAT segregated as a single locus on chromosome 6HL. No sensitivity to PAT could be detected in several other lines and cultivars. OWBD has been shown to be genetically divergent from other germplasm groups within cultivated barley; therefore, the observed sensitivity may be peculiar to OWBD and thus would not impact generally on the utility of bar as a selectable marker or source of herbicide resistance in barley. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate the extent of allelic variability present in Hordeum vulgare, and suggest an additional variable for consideration when devising protocols for the transformation of Hordeum cultivars or landraces that are not known to be tolerant to PAT.
Heartbreaking Case of Acetaminophen Poisoning

A 23-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room after ingesting 50 g of acetaminophen. Her blood acetaminophen level was 158 mg/L, and she later developed fulminant hepatic failure. Sixty-three hours after ingestion, ECG displayed signs suggestive of acute ischemic injury (Figure 1A). Serum enzymes revealed a Troponin-I of 227.2 ng/mL. The patient’s declining clinical status precluded a cardiac catheterization study. She died within 72 hours of admission in spite of orthotopic liver transplantation. Autopsy revealed normal patent coronary arteries, and cardiac tissue histology displayed patchy subendocardial necrosis and hemorrhage in the ventricles and septum (Figure 1B and 1C) probably due to direct acetaminophen toxicity …
Winter to summer monsoon variation of aerosol optical depth over the tropical Indian Ocean

[1] The northern Indian Ocean undergoes a major transition from anthropogenic aerosols during the northeasterly winter monsoon season to mineral dust and sea salt during the southwest summer monsoon. The former is dominated by low-level transport from south and southeast Asia, while the latter results from low to mid tropospheric transport from the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula. During the winter monsoon, low-level transport from the Indian subcontinent and neighboring nations is particularly important. This paper uses 5 years of satellite-derived aerosol optical depths (AODs) to document the large seasonal variations in AODs modulated by the monsoons. In situ data are used to develop and validate the procedure we employ to derive visible AODs from the radiances observed by the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) onboard polar-orbiting satellites. Monthly mean AOD over the Arabian Sea displays a clear annual cycle with a maximum (0.60 ± 0.10) in July and a minimum (0.20 ± 0.05) in January. The summer monsoon maximum is due both to the southwest winds bringing dust from the Horn of Africa over the Arabian Sea and mid tropospheric transport of dust from the Arabian Peninsula. Such long-range transports also lead to aerosol loading south of the equator. We also show that the Indonesia forest fires during the 1997 El Nino led to a large increase in AOD over most of the equatorial Indian Ocean.
Suggestions: What should ESL students know?

Abstract This paper describes the linguistic forms used to perform the speech act of suggestions in both real language and ESL textbooks. Comparisons between suggestions in two authentic settings in a corpus, professor–student interaction during office hours and student–student study groups, and six popular ESL textbooks, three old and three recent, were made to evaluate the extent to which textbook materials reflect real-life language use. Register differences between office hours and study groups demonstrate the contextual sensitivity of certain linguistic forms and the complexity of performing speech acts. Although the new generation textbooks introduce more linguistic structures for suggestions than the old generation textbooks, the discrepancies between real language use and ESL textbooks are still apparent. The author recommends that, instead of simply teaching lists of grammatical structures as decontextualized language points in monotonous drills and unnatural dialogues, ESL textbooks should include background information on appropriateness when presenting linguistic structures, provide classroom tasks drawn on naturally occurring conversations, and raise learners’ awareness of the different socio-cultural assumptions underlying various linguistic forms for the same speech act.
Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the petiole of Abutilon theophrasti in relation to circadian leaf movements

Leaf movements in Abutilon theophrasti Medic, were monitored manually and by a continuous electronic recording device. Plants entrained to a daily regime of a 15 h light span followed by 9 h of darkness showed rhythmic movements that persisted under conditions of continuous illumination and constant temperature with a circadian period. The rhythmic change in orientation of the leaf from a near horizontal (day) to a near vertical (night) position was attributed to movement of the blade and not the petiole. The end of the petiole next to the blade functions as a joint or pulvinus. Anatomical confirmation of the existence of a pulvinus in the Abutilon leaf was provided by light microscopy. Vascular tissue in this region forms a solid cylinder with no pith, and the cortex is parenchymatous. In the main part of the petiole, the vascular tissue is arranged in four to six bundles, a pith is present, and the cortex contains a sub-epidermal ring of collenchyma. Both the functional and anatomical evidence indicate the presence of a pulvinus that functions in circadian leaf movements of Abutilon.
Dysplastic Nevi Criteria

The histological diagnosis of dysplastic nevus is based upon several histological features including the pattern of growth and the host response to the tumor. The following criteria allow for consistent diagnosis of dysplastic nevi. Both major criteria are required (except in the case of a junctional nevus there will be no shoulder), and at least two of the minor criteria are required. After these criteria are met, the cytologic appearance of the melanocytes is evaluated to determine the grade of atypia.
Quorum-sensing signals in the microbial community of the cabbage white butterfly larval midgut

The overall goal of this study was to examine the role of quorum-sensing (QS) signals in a multispecies microbial community. Toward this aim, we studied QS signals produced by an indigenous member and an invading pathogen of the microbial community of the cabbage white butterfly (CWB) larval midgut (Pieris rapae). As an initial step, we characterized the QS system in Pantoea CWB304, which was isolated from the larval midgut. A luxI homolog, designated panI, is necessary for the production of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) by Pantoea CWB304. To determine whether AHL signals are exchanged in the alkaline environment of the midgut, we constructed AHL-sensing bioluminescent reporter strains in Pantoea CWB304 and a panI mutant of this strain. In the gut of the CWB larvae, the reporter in an AHL-deficient Pantoea CWB304 detected AHLs when coinoculated with the wild type. To study the role of AHL signals produced by a community invader, we examined pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in CWB larvae. Mortality induced by P. aeruginosa PAO1 was significantly reduced when signaling was interrupted by either a potent chemical inhibitor of QS or mutations in the lasI and rhlI AHL synthases of P. aeruginosa PAO1. These results show that AHLs are exchanged among bacteria in the alkaline gut of CWB larvae and contribute to disease caused by P. aeruginosa PAO1.
Metabolic modulators for chronic cardiac ischemia

Many patients with ischemic heart disease continue to experience anginal symptoms despite revascularization and treatment with antianginal medications. The effectiveness of current anti-ischemic medications is limited by their hemodynamic side effects, such as hypotension and bradycardia, which result in compromised organ perfusion. In this article, we review five novel agents (ranolazine, trimetazidine, L-carnitine, ribose, and dichloroacetate) under investigation for treatment of ischemic heart disease that work by enhancing the efficiency of the myocardium, rather than decreasing its work. This new paradigm promises to eliminate these side effects.
Geriatric Trauma Patients: What is the Difference?

Geriatric population is the fastest growing segment of the total population. They represent about 12 % of the US population. By the year 2030 it has been estimated that 19 % of the population will be older than 65 years. Currently elderly are more active and independent that increases the risk of trauma. Elderly are unique in their responses to trauma injury. The age-related physiological changes affect elderly ability to withstand trauma stress and increase the incidence of complications and deaths. Trauma surgeons and staff awareness of age-related changes and challenges will improve trauma-related outcomes in geriatric trauma patients.
Pointwise decay for the Maxwell field on black hole space-times

In this article we study the pointwise decay properties of solutions to the Maxwell system on a class of nonstationary asymptotically flat backgrounds in three space dimensions. Under the assumption that uniform energy bounds and a weak form of local energy decay hold forward in time, we establish peeling estimates, as well as a t−4 rate of decay on compact regions for all the components of the Maxwell tensor.