cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Genetic Differences within the Centrally Projecting Edinger–Westphal Nucleus of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice by Expression Profiling

Detailed examinations of the midbrain Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) revealed the existence of two distinct nuclei. One population of preganglionic neurons was found to control oculomotor functions (EWpg), and a separate population of centrally-projecting neurons was found to contain stress- and feeding-related neuropeptides thought to be important for drug and alcohol addiction (EWcp). Although we and others have shown that neurons of the EWcp are highly responsive to drugs of abuse and behavioral stress, a thorough genetic characterization of the EWcp was needed. In order to identify genetic differences in the EWcp between mouse strains that differ in behaviors relevant to EWcp function, we used publicly-available tools from the Allen Brain Atlas to identify 68 genes that were selectively-expressed in the EWcp, and examined their expression within tissue punch microdissection samples containing the EWcp of adult male C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice. Using 96-well quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) arrays that included the EWcp-specific genes, several other genes of interest, and five housekeeping genes, we found strain differences in expression of eleven EWcp-specific genes (BC023892, Btg3, Bves, Cart, Cck, Ghsr, Neto1, Postn, Ptprn, Rcn1, and Ucn), two immediate early genes (Egr1 and Fos), and one dopamine-related gene (Drd5). All significant expression differences were greater in B6 vs. D2 mice, and several of these were verified at the protein level using immunohistochemical (IHC) protocols. These results demonstrate a significant advance in our understanding of the EWcp on three levels. First, we generated a list of EWcp-specific genes (most of which had not yet been reported within the EWcp in the literature) that will be informative for future studies of EWcp function. Second, due to similarity in results from qPCR and IHC, we revealed that strain differences in basal EWcp neuropeptide content are accounted for by differential transcription and by the numbe
Realization of current-mode complex pole all-pass networks using a single current conveyor

A current-mode all-pass circuit which utilizes a first-generation current conveyor (CCI) as the only active element is derived. This circuit is useful in its own right, but it also demonstrates that the CCI offers an advantage in the realization of current-mode circuits containing only one current conveyor and no other active devices. Higher-order all-pass circuits can be constructed by cascading the circuits. The circuits sensitivities and gain-bandwidth limitations on their performance are calculated, and laboratory results are presented. >
Pearlite growth mechanism

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy of the pearlite: retained austenite growth interface in an Fe-0.8 wt%C-12 wt%Mn steel has revealed a direct relationship between growth ledges and the formation of steps on the ferrite-cementite lamellar interface. A model is developed to rationalize this observation and is applied to a number of pearlite growth phenomena, including lamellar curvature, lamellar fault formation, lamellar branching and hole formation, and synchronous growth.
Rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile‐stat‐styrene)‐graft‐polybutadiene (ABS)

The rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile-stat-styrene)-graft-polybutadiene (ABS) was investigated using a cone-and-plate rheometer. The rheological properties measured were shear stress (σ12), viscosity (η), and first normal stress difference (N1) as functions of shear rate () in steady shearing flow, and storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as functions of frequency (ω) in oscillatory shearing flow. It has been found that the rheological behavior of blends of ABS and PMMA was very similar to that of blends of poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and PMMA, in that N1 in logarithmic plots of N1 versus σ12, and G′ in logarithmic plots of G′ versus G″, vary regularly with blend composition. This has led us to conclude that the rubber particles that are grafted on an SAN resinous matrix in ABS resin plays only a minor role in influencing the compatibility of ABS/PMMA blends, and that the SAN chains attached to the surface of rubber particles, and the SAN matrix phase, play a major role in compatibilizing ABS resin with PMMA.
Similarities between congenital tritan defects and dominant optic-nerve atrophy: coincidence or identity?

Dominant inherited optic atrophy is usually a stationary disorder with typical findings of optic-nerve pallor, abnormal distance acuity but essentially normal reading vision, minimal visual-field defect, and characteristic color confusions in the blue–green region of the spectrum. The severity of these is extremely variable, even within the same family. In patients with minimal disease, distance acuity may be close to normal and optic pallor may be so subtle that a definitive diagnosis cannot be made unless several affected members of a family are seen. An evaluation of ocular- and color-vision findings are presented for three pedigrees. Color tests included determination of the Rayleigh equation, the American Optical HRR plates, the Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue test, and determination of netural points and chromaticity confusions. Our results suggest a strong similarity in color vision between previously reported congenital tritan defects and patients with dominantly inherited optic atrophy. Criteria distinguishing the two conditions are suggested. However, a perusal of the literature reveals that most congenital tritanopes were not adequately evaluated to rule out dominantly inherited optic atrophy. Therefore, the almost identical color-vision profiles and pattern of inheritance of the two conditions lead us to question the existence of congenital tritan defect as an independent entity.
Preinitiation complex assembly: potentially a bumpy path

During 1996 and 1997, several chemical issues that arise in the early stages of preinitiation complex (PIC) formation were resolved. Kinetics experiments indicated that both TBP dimerization and DNA bending influence the rate of TBP-TATA box assembly. Affinity cleavage experiments indicated that TBP lacks the specificity to nucleate assembly of a properly oriented PIC. Finally, high-resolution structures provided the atomic detail of early intermediates in PIC formation.
Specific heat and thermal expansion of solids at high temperature

The theoretical relations between d, $alpha$$sub 0$, and $alpha$$sub 1$, where d reflects the influence of any anharmonic vibrations within the lattice, and $alpha$$sub 0$ and $alpha$$sub 1$ express the coefficient of thermal expansion, as established by different equations, are compared. Data on the specific heats of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$, and UO$sub 2$ are compared and tabulated. (JRD)
A diffusion defined on a fractal state space

Abstract In the plane, we define a fractal known as the Vicsek snowflake in terms of a family of affine contractions in R 2. We show that the Vicsek snowflake is a nested fractal in the sense of Lindstrom (1990). We define random walks on the Vicsek snowflake and explicitly find an invariant probability for random walk. From this invariant probability, we construct a Brownian motion on the Vicsek snowflake. We show that this Brownian motion is the unique diffusion limit under weak convergence of rescaled random walks with any probability parameter. We show that Brownian motion on the Vicsek snowflake has a scaling property reminiscent of Brownian motion in R 1. Using a coupling argument, we show that our Brownian motion has transition densities with respect to Hausdorff measure on the snowflake.
Application of Internal Reflectance Spectroscopy to the Study of Solid Propellants: I. Composite and Double Base Propellants

Abstract It is shown that by using Internal Reflectance Spectroscopy the infrared spectra of solid propellants can be obtained with the expenditure of a minimum effort in sample preparation. Applications of this technique as a quality control technique and a method of studying surface charring are discussed.
Deformation mode selection and mode orthonormalization for flexible body system dynamics

Abstract Equations of motion of a flexible body system, combined with finite element information of components, are derived by the Lagrange method, using virtual rotations. The combinations of static correction modes, Ritz vectors, and vibration normal modes are used in this paper to capture the effect of concentrated loads such as joint reaction forces and suspension forces. In order to obtain well-conditioned equations of motion, deformation modes derived from the consistent mass matrix are orthonormalized with respect to the lumped mass matrix in an optimal way. An example is used to demonstrate the results.
Gas exchanges by Phymatotrichum omnivorum in a closed, axenic system

Gas exchanges byPhymatotrichum omnivorum were studied in a closed, axenic system. The fungus liberated CO2 and ethylene, and appeared to utilize N2. Over a 44-day test period, CO2 increased from 0.1 to 312.8 ml/liter. Oxygen decreased from 211 to 17.8 ml/liter and N2 decreased from 789 to 669.5 ml/liter during the same period. The combined uptake of N2 and O2 was equal to the release of CO2 in the ambient gas. A rapid increase in ethylene was observed 14 to 28 days after the flasks were inoculated (15 to 160 nliter/liter). Mycelial strands and sclerotial initials formed on the flask sides, but mature sclerotia did not develop.
Species-specific heterogeneity for molecular weight estimates of serum extracellular superoxide dismutase activities.

Abstract 1. 1. Several apparent molecular weights (mol. wt) are reported for plasma or serum extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) activity. This study found species-dependent heterogeneity for apparent mol. wt using gel filtration with Sephadex G-150. 2. 2. EC SOD activity in rabbit and guinea-pig serum, measured by a modified pyrogallol assay, eluted just before ceruloplasmin activity, but rat and bovine serum activity eluted after ceruloplasmin (apparent mol. wt of 142,000 and 73,000, respectively). 3. 3. The heterogeneity between rat and rabbit serum was not eliminated by substituting a cytochrome -c- based SOD assay for the pyrogallol method, by substituting lung extracts for serum, by analysing a mixture of rat and rabbit serums, nor by analysing hemolysed serum. The apparent mol. wt of bovine serum EC SOD activity was not duplicated by gel filtration analysis of a mixture of bovine cytosolic SOD and albumin. 4. 4. In conclusion, species-specific variation in apparent mol. wt for serum EC SOD activity was demonstrated under several circumstances.
A surface-wave investigation of the rupture mechanism of the Gobi-Altai (December 4, 1957) earthquake

Long period records of multiple Love waves from the 1957 earthquake in Mongolia at Pasadena are analyzed and compared to synthetic seismograms, generated by the method of Kanamori. A fit in the time domain shows that the records are not consistent with the previous solution, achieved through a frequency domain analysis of directivity. The solution asks for a shorter rupture of 270 km at a velocity of 3.5 km/s. The focal parameters are constrained by updating all the reported first motion and are found to be: Strike = 103 deg, Dip = 53 deg, Slip = 32 deg. A seismic moment of 1.8 10 to the 28th power dynes-cm is obtained. These figures are also consistent with a time domain analysis of Love waves at Palisades and Strasbourg, and of Rayleigh waves at Pasadena, with a directivity study of Love waves at Pasadena, and with static deformation and isoseismal data. A discussion is given of the relation between moment, magnitude and rupture area, and a comparison is made with other events in the same region: It is concluded that this earthquake does not exhibit an intra-plate behavior, but rather compares better with inter-plate events, such as the great Assam earthquake.
The Argentine Right: Its History and Intellectual Origins, 1910 to the Present

In "The Argentine Right: Its History and Intellectual Origins" scholars of Argentine and Latin American history chart the growth of the Right from its roots in 19th-century European political theory through to the collapse of the conservative government in the 1980s. The contributors describe the Right's development, uneasy alliance with Peronists, years of triumph and subsequent retreat to opposition status. Arguing that the Right was unified, if at all, by no more than a fear of the Left, the essays distinguish the many groups and individuals prominent in the conservative and "nacionalista" movements. The discussions refer frequently to parallel events in Europe, identifying differences and similarities, and allowing the reader to make comparisons. In the process, the authors refute the myth that the right was substantially influenced by the Nazi party and convincingly document instead the more prevalent relationship between the ideology of the Spanish Falangists and that of like-minded activists struggling for a purifying Argentine renewal.
Influence of nonlinear boundary conditions on the single-mode response of a cantilever beam

Abstract In this paper, we compare the experimentally and theoretically obtained single-mode responses of a cantilever beam. The analytical portion involves solving an integro-differential equation via the method of multiple scales. For the single-mode response, a large discrepancy is found between theory and experiment for an assumed ideal clamp model. Through some experimental detective work, it was found, and later shown through analysis, that the substitution of a torsionally elastic end for the fixed support brought the theoretical and experimental results into excellent agreement. The torsional spring has both linear and nonlinear (cubic) stiffness components.
A flexible formant synthesizer

The authors have modified Klatt's formant synthesizer and have implemented it in software. The user can configure the filter bank(s) by simple parameter specifications. This flexible formant synthesizer has been tested by synthesizing segments of sounds with a variable number of formant tracks and also with unsmooth and discontinuous formant tracks. This synthesizer can be used as tool in experiments with speech analysis-by-synthesis and rule-based speech synthesis. >
The generation mechanism for magnetosheath lion roars

The origin of lion roars, intense electromagnetic whistler-mode waves which occur throughout the magnetosheath, is investigated based on particle and field data obtained on the ISEE satellites. Analysis of the measured magnetic fields, plasma densities and plasma wave intensities during periods of lion roar emission reveals the lion roar bursts to be correlated with decreases in magnetic field intensity, while the plasma density exhibits a strong anticorrelation with the magnetic field variability during the bursts and the total plasma pressure remains essentially constant. Results indicate that the waves can originate by the cyclotron resonant instability with anisotropic magnetosheath electrons whenever the magnetic energy per particle falls to values comparable with the electron thermal energy. Variations in the magnetic energy appear to be associated with the hydromagnetic mirror instability which in turn is excited by a pressure anisotropy in the magnetosheath ion population.
The Illusion of Will in Organizational Behavior Research: Nonconscious Processes and Job Design:

Theorizing and research in organizational behavior implicitly or explicitly assumes that behavior is the product of conscious will. However, an extensive body of literature suggests that much of human behavior is automatic and that nonconscious thoughts and feelings are primary drivers of reactions and behavior. Relying on propositions in use in job design theory and research as a critical case in point, the author reviews the literatures on automatic thought and nonconscious emotions and their implications. Based on these literatures, the author develops alternative propositions for job design theory and research that are based on more realistic assumptions about the mind and human functioning. In addition to discussing implications of nonconscious processes for job design, the author draws broader implications for the field of organizational behavior.
Effect of Laminectomy on Measured Bone Density

Abstract Three cases are reported of women who had resection of the posterior vertebral elements. This permitted comparison of the density of the central or "void" area with that of the entire vertebra (L4), as well as with the mean value of bone at the right and left sides of the vertebral body, and with the results of both L2 and L3. The ratio—density of the center/density of the whole vertebra—was 0.497, 0.514, and 0.508 in these three cases (mean 0.506). The ratio of the density of the center/density of the right and left sides of the body of the three involved L4 vertebrae averaged 0.470. The results indicate that the posterior elements make a significant contribution to measured bone density. Further studies are needed regarding the variation of these values with the aging process and use of medications.
Response to social challenge in young bonnet (Macaca radiata) and pigtail (Macaca nemestrina) macaques is related to early maternal experiences.

Previous experience affects how young primates respond to challenging social situations. The present retrospective study looked at one aspect of early experience, the quality of the mother-infant relationship, to determine its relationship to young bonnet and pigtail macaques' responses to two social challenges: temporary maternal separation at 5-6 months and permanent transfer to an unfamiliar peer group at 16–17 months. Relationship quality was measured quantitatively on 30 macaque mother-infant pairs with the Relationship Quality Index (RQI), the ratio of relative affiliation to relative agonism as previously applied to capuchin monkeys. Infants with high RQI values had amicable mother-infant relationships and infants with low RQI values had agonistic mother-infant relationships. Young monkeys with amicable and agonistic relationships showed consistent differences in behavior before, during, and after each social challenge, supporting the hypothesis that juveniles from amicable mother-infant relationships based on the RQI coped more effectively with social challenges than did juveniles from agonistic mother-infant relationships. Results suggest 1) characteristic amicability or agonism in early mother-offspring macaque relationships has the potential to influence offspring behavior in tense social contexts and 2) the RQI is useful as one of a coordinated suite of methods for studying the development of social skills. Am. J. Primatol. 62:243–259, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changing chemical composition of precipitation in Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S.A.: implications for the Continental U.S.A.

The H+(aq) concentration in Wilmington, NC, precipitation has decreased by approximately 50% during the preceding two decades, similar to trends seen nationwide. The decrease in acidity is importan...
The complex developmental expression of a novel stress-responsive barley Ltp gene is determined by a shortened promoter sequence.

The search for a cereal promoter capable of driving preferential transgene expression in the pericarp epidermis (epicarp) of developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resulted in the cloning of a novel gene. This encoded a polypeptide of 124 amino acids showing 87 identity with WBP1A, a wheat lipid transfer protein (LTP), but much lower homology to other barley LTPs. In addition to the epicarp, this Ltp-like gene, Ltp6, is highly expressed in coleoptiles and embryos under normal growth conditions. Messenger RNA levels increased in seedling tissues during salt and cold treatments and under applied abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Taken together, Ltp6 tissue-specific and response patterns are distinct from other known barley Ltp genes. Inverse PCR was used to derive 2345 bp of upstreamLtp6 sequence. The level of transcription conferred by different promoter deletion constructs was assessed by quantitative real time RT-PCR using gfpas a reporter in transient expression assays. All constructs containing at least 192 bp of upstream sequence and the 5′UTR conferred tissue-specific expression and retained most of the promoter strength. Deletion of 64 bp (−192/−128) from this upstream sequence reduced expression levels by 80. Moreover, a minimal 247 bp Ltp6promoter continuously drove gfp expression during spike development, from early ovary differentiation through its final expression in the epicarp and during embryogenesis and germination in transgenic barley, reproducing the expression pattern of the native gene. The potential use of this promoter sequence for targeting transgene-mediated disease resistance in barley and wheat is discussed.
An ultrastructural study of the pattern of myelination of preterminal fibers in teleost oculomotor nuclei, electromotor nuclei, and spinal cord

Abstract Patterns of myelination of teleost oculomotor nuclei, electromotor nuclei and spinal cord were studied by electron microscopy. Synapses are often established at nodes of Ranvier in the oculomotor nucleus of the spiny ☐fish Chilomyceterus and in electromotor nuclei of the gymnotids Sternopygus and Steatogenys . Close membrane appositions are present at a proportion of synapses. Bulbous protrusions often increase nodal surface area, and in some axons, myelinated segments are separated by unmyelinated regions which extend for 10 or more μm along the asix of the fiber. Internode distances are frequently less than 20 μm and can be as short as 5μm. Nodal surface area for these preterminal fibers can thus approach or exceed myelinated surface area. In the spinal cord at the eel Electrophorus electricus , nodes are often spaced at intervals of less than 20 μm. Myelinated fibers in each of the areas described can have diameters considerrably smaller than 1 μm. These findings demonstrate that there are fibers in the central nervous system which differ markedly, in their pattern of myelination, from peripheral nerve fibers. The results are discussed in terms of conduction in central myelinated fibers, and it is suggested that variations in internode distance may modulate conduction velocities so as to be a factor in spatiotemporal patterning of central nervous impulses.
Properties of tetrathiotetracene nickel bis -(ethylene-1, 2-dithiolene), a new quasi-one-dimensional conductor

We report the magnetic susceptibility, thermopower, EPR, dc conductivity, and preliminary structural data for a new quasi-one-dimensional (1D) conductor ${\mathrm{TTT}}_{1.2}$Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, where TTT is tetrathiotetracene, and Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ is nickel bis-(ethylene-1,2-dithiolene). The structure consists of 1D chains of stacked TTT units separated by nonstacked Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions. Charge transfer between TTT and Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ creates Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions and a formal charge state +5/6 on the TTT units. The dc conductivity along the TTT chains is thermally activated and is \ensuremath{\sim} 30 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The magnetic susceptibility appears to be negligible on the TTT chains and Curie-Weiss-like on the unstacked Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions. The thermopower at high temperature is quite small (+ 1.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 \ensuremath{\mu}V/K) and almost temperature independent. We interpret the data in terms of a quasi-one-dimensional conductor which is distorted at all accessible temperatures. It is noteworthy that both the crystal field and the Peierls instability are expected to produce the required distortion in this system.
Fats and oils as chemical intermediates: Present and future uses

Currently, fats and oils possess about 40% of the paint binder, 50% of the surfactant, and 15% of the plasticizer markets. Other markets considered here, with estimated fats and oils percent share of these markets in parentheses, are: adhesives (1%), Agrichemicals (10%), engineering thermoplastics (2%) and synthetic lubricants (20%). With the expected growth for these markets and with fats and oils retaining the same percent share, an additional 3000 million pounds of fats and oils would be needed in 1990. In the likely event that the fats and oils share is accelerated, an additional 7500 million pounds would be required. These requirements could be met by an additional 10 or 25 million acres of soybean production, respectively, which can be easily attained by U.S. agriculture or by diversion of other crops or animal fats from edible use or export.
Teaching information retrieval and evaluation skills to education students and practitioners : a casebook of applications

This volume contains scenarios depicting actual instructional sessions at the high-school, undergraduate, graduate and practitioner level using goals and objectives statements. Cases studies presented include the teaching of ERIC and Internet resources.
Free vibration of antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates including various boundary conditions

A powerful analytical procedure to investigate the free vibration of antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates is developed. The procedure, based on a generalized Levy-type solution considered in conjunction with the state space concept, enables one to solve exactly the equations governing the laminated anisotropic plate theory as considered by Yang, Norris and Stavsky (YNS). The theory is a generalization of Mindlin's theory for isotropic plates to laminated anisotropic plates and includes shear deformation and rotary inertia effects. The solution is applicable to rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supported and the remaining ones subjected to a combination of clamped, simply supported and free boundary conditions. The closed form solutions obtained are illustrated numerically in a number of figures and tales revealing the influences of the transverse shear deformation, of the degree of anisotropy, of the geometrical parameters of the plate, of the number of layers, of the ply-angles, and of the character of the boundary conditions. Comparisons with exact and finite element solutions (obtained for simply souppored edge conditions) are made and appropriate conclusions concerning the various effects are presented.
Orange Rust Effects on Leaf Photosynthesis and Related Characters of Sugarcane

Orange rust of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), caused by Puccinia kuehnii, is a relatively new disease in the Western Hemisphere that substantially reduces yields in susceptible sugarcane genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of orange rust-induced reductions in sugarcane growth and yield by quantifying effects of the disease on leaf SPAD index (an indication of leaf chlorophyll content), net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration, maximum quantum yield of CO2 assimilation, carbon fixation efficiency, and the relationships between these leaf photosynthetic components and rust disease ratings. Plants growing in pots were inoculated with the orange rust pathogen using a leaf whorl inoculation method. A disease rating was assigned using a scale from 0 to 4 with intervals of 0.5. At disease ratings ≥2, the rust-infected leaf portion of inoculated plants showed significant reductions in SPAD index, maximum quantum yield, carbon fixation efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate; but the rusted portion of the infected leaves had increased intercellular CO2 concentration and leaf dark respiration rate. Although leaf SPAD index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate at the rust-infected portion decreased linearly with increased rust rating, the effect of orange rust on photosynthetic rate was much greater than that on stomatal conductance and transpiration. Unlike earlier reports on other crops, reduction in leaf photosynthesis by orange rust under low light was greater than that under high light conditions. These results help improve the understanding of orange rust etiology and physiological bases of sugarcane yield loss caused by orange rust.
A Study of the Predictive Relationships Between Faculty Engagement, Learner Satisfaction and Outcomes in Multiple Learning Delivery Modes

This study assessed the predictive relationships between faculty engagement, learner satisfaction, and outcomes across multiple learning delivery modes LDMs. Participants were enrolled in courses with the options of three learning delivery modes: face-to-face, satellite broadcasting, and live video-streaming. The predictive relationship between faculty engagement and student satisfaction remained constant across the three learning delivery mode groups. In addition, faculty engagement was an effective predictor for learner satisfaction, regardless of LDM. Similarly, the predictive relationship between faculty engagement and learning outcomes as measured by final grades remained constant. The results also suggested that an increase in the faculty engagement score was accompanied by an increased probability of obtaining a better course final grade. Overall, findings from the study supported the importance of faculty engagement in student learning outcomes and satisfaction regardless of the LDM.
A path-dependent hamiltonian in the large-N limit

Abstract A path-dependent representation for the effective hamiltonian in the large- N limit of a gauge theory is given. It explicitly satisfies all of the field theoretical requirements except for the equations of motion. The latter can be used to derive a consistency condition for the Wilson amplitudes.
Self-Assembled Monolayers Formed on Electroless Gold Deposited on Silica Gel: A Potential Stationary Phase for Biological Assays

This paper reports the electroless deposition of gold onto the surface of micrometer-sized particles of silica (silica gel) and the self-assembly of monolayers formed from ω-substituted alkanethiols on the surface of the gold-coated silica gel. Whereas the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin BPN' adsorbs irreversibly from aqueous solution (100 mM Tris buffer, 10 mM CaCl 2 , pH 8.6) onto the surface of untreated silica gel, reversible adsorption of subtilisin BPN' is measured on silica gel coated with gold and derivatized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from HO(CH2CH20)2(CH2)11SH. We demonstrate the usefulness of gold-coated silica gel for the preparation of stationary phases with controlled surface properties by forming a variety of mixed SAMs through coadsorption of pNA-FPAA-suc-(CH 2 ) 11 S and X(CH 2 ) 11 SH (where X = CH 3 , OH, or COOH). These stationary phases were used to demonstrate that the extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of pNA from the surface-immobilized tetrapeptide depends on the functional group X as well as on the dilution of the substrate within the mixed SAM. We also demonstrate that SAMs presenting biotin (X = biotin) can be used to form multilayer structures of biomolecules on the surface of the gold-coated silica gel. These results, when combined, demonstrate the usefulness of gold-coated silica gel for the preparation of well-defined, surface-functionalized supports for biological assays.
Altered lipid metabolism in 2,5-hexanedione-induced testicular atrophy and peripheral neuropathy in the rat.

2,5-Hexanedione (HD) induces testicular atrophy and peripheral neuropathy in rats. Since altered lipid metabolism is frequently associated with these disease states, lipid metabolism was investigated in vitro in testes and sciatic nerves of rats fed 1% HD in the drinking water for 6 weeks. Testes from HD-treated rats were 30–60% smaller and weighed threefold less than testes from pair-fed control (PFC) rats. Compared to testes from PFC rats, testes from HD rats exhibited increased incorporation of [14C]acetate into phospholipids (344%), triacylglycerols (281%), and cholesteryl esters + hydrocarbons (246%) but decreased incorporation into free fatty acids (25%) and sterols + diacylglycerols (65%). The increased incorporation of [14C]acetate into phospholipids induced by HD reflected an approximate 300% increase into phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine and a disproportionate 800% increase into sphingomyelin. HD rats exhibited clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy, including everted and flat foot placement and hindlimb weakness; similar changes were not observed in PFC rats. In sciatic nerves, the incorporation of [14C]leucine was decreased into sterols + diacylglycerols (47%), digitoninprecipitable sterols (45%), and cholesteryl esters + hydrocarbons (40%) in HD compared to PFC rats; incorporation of [14C]leucine into free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids was similar in HD and PFC rats. In contrast to the testis and nerve, lipid metabolism in the liver was similar in HD and PFC rats. The concentrations of 2,5-hexanedione and 2,5-dimethylfuran, respectively, were 0.6 ± 0.3 and 6.5 ± 0.9 μg/g wet weight in the testes and 3.1 ± 0.4 and 3.0 ± 0.4 μg/g wet weight in the livers of HD rats. The data indicate that altered metabolism is associated with HD-induced testicular atrophy and distal axonopathy.
Incidence of DIS/DSM-IV social phobia in adults.

Neufeld KJ, Swartz KL, Bienvenu OJ, Eaton WW, Cai G. Incidence of DISIDSM-IV social phobia in adults. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 186–192. © Munksgaard 1999. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of social phobia in the general population. Method: The Baltimore cohort of 3481 subjects, sampled during the 1981 Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, was traced. A total of 1920 subjects were re-interviewed from 1993 to 1996 using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). A subsample of 349 subjects was interviewed by psychiatrists using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Results: The estimated incidence of DIS/DSM-IV social phobia is 4–5/1000/year. New cases were found in all age groups, with the highest rates in subjects with baseline depressive and panic disorders. Psychiatric evaluations showed broad diagnostic concordance with DIS diagnoses in incident cases. However, validity indices were highly dependent on diagnostic thresholds. None of the psychiatrist-ascertained social phobics had received treatment for the disorder, although the majority were considered likely to benefit from treatment. Conclusion: New cases of social phobia occur in adults of all age groups, and are often secondary to other psychiatric conditions.
Demographic theory of coral reef fish populations with stochastic recruitment: comparing sources of population regulation.

Abstract: The effects of three forms of density‐dependent regulation were explored in model coral reef fish populations: top‐down (predation), bottom‐up (competition for food), and pelagic (non‐reef‐based mechanisms) control. We describe the demographic responses of both biomass and numbers of adult fish, predicting the mean and the variance of temporal fluctuations resulting from stochastic recruitment of juveniles. We find that top‐down control acts by suppressing variability of numbers of fish, which in turn suppresses the variability of biomass. Bottom‐up control has no effect on fluctuations of numbers of fish, though it strongly reduces fluctuations of biomass. Because fecundity of fish is directly linked to body mass, the regulation of biomass tightly regulates reproductive output independently of the number of individuals in the population. Finally, populations under pelagic control experience bounded fluctuations of biomass and numbers directly proportional to the bounded fluctuations of recruitm...
Return autocorrelation and institutional investors

Abstract We propose and test the hypothesis that trading by institutional investors contributes to serial correlation in daily returns. Our results demonstrate that NYSE particles and individual security daily return autocorrelationsare an increasing function of the level of institutional ownership. Moreover, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that institutional trading reflects information and increases the speed of price adjustment. The relation between autocorrelation and institutional holdings does not, however, apparent to be driven by market frictions or rational time-varying required rates of return. We conclude that institutional investors correlated trading patterns contribute to axial correlation in daily returns.
Contextualizing Experiences of Hurt Within Close Relationships

This article uses Bradbury and Fincham's contextual model of relationships to clarify how proximal and distal factors affect the relationship damage associated with hurtful messages, how the consequences of a previous hurt shape people's experience of a subsequent hurtful message, and how the cumulative consequences of hurt influence relationship quality over two weeks. Participants responded about either a dating partner or friend. Multi-level modeling and regression analyses revealed that relational quality and perceptions of messages corresponded with relational damage, and the number of hurtful events and relational damage interacted to predict relational quality at the end of the study.
Gender and the comparison of self and observer ratings of anxiety and depression in adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective This study assessed the influence of gender on the comparability of self and observer ratings of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Method Subjects were 75 inpatient adolescents who were administered structured interviews of the revised Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HRSD-R) and Anxiety (HARS-R) and read the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results All measures demonstrated adequate internal consistency and validity. The correlation between the BDI and HRSD-R was significantly higher for females than males; of 11 symptoms that overlap on the BDI and HRSD-R, observers significantly agreed with males and females in their perceptions of 5 and 11 depressive symptoms, respectively. The correlation between the BAI and HARS-R did not differ significantly for males and females. Conclusions Results suggest that self-reports of anxiety symptoms are a valid, cost-effective alternative to anxiety observer ratings for boys and girls, while only girls' self-reports of depression are comparable to depression ratings by observers. There is the need to collect self-report information from adolescent boys because they may not communicate subjective symptoms of depression, e.g., guilt, to observers.
T ′ predictions of PMNS and CKM angles

Abstract Generalizing a previous model to accommodate the third quark family and CP violation, we present a T ′ model which predicts tribimaximal neutrino (PMNS) mixings while the central predictions for quark mixings are | V t d / V t s | = 0.245 and | V u b / V c b | = 0.237 with a predicted CP violating KM phase δ KM = 65.8 ° . All these are acceptably close to experiment, including the KM phase for which the allowed values are 63 ° δ KM 72 ° , and depend only on use of symmetry T ′ × Z 2 to define the model and no additional parameters.
Preprocessing on the basis of frequency of occurrence

The release from PI methodology was used to test Oldfield's (1966) suggestion that human memory is organized in part on the basis of frequency of occurrence. An observed release from PI identified frequency of occurrence as an encoding category and provided support for the underlying assumptions of Oldfield's model.
To embody and to embalm: The uses of collective memory in the final editions of failed newspapers:

Despite widespread handwringing by journalists and the trade press about the decline of the newspaper in the United States, very little academic literature has examined the texts of final editions of these failed newspapers. This article begins filling that gap by examining the metajournalistic discourse of four such newspapers – two that closed in the early 1980s, and two that closed in 2009. A close reading of these final editions reveals that journalists turn to collective memory to articulate the meaning of their work. Specifically, they deploy retrospective memory techniques to craft the present meanings of their newspaper closings, and they deploy prospective memory techniques to establish how and why their work should be remembered in the future. The analysis reveals the fundamental issue confronting newspaper journalism to be the dematerialization of news, suggesting that the era of newspaper crisis may be continuous and coincident with the advent of electronic communication.
An isozyme-selective affinity label for rat hepatic acetyltransferases.

Abstract Affinity chromatography of an ammonium sulfate precipitate obtained from rat hepatic cytosol resulted in the separation of two fractions of N -acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. NAT I catalyzed the S -acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA)-dependent acetylation of p -aminobenzoic acid (PABA); NAT II catalyzed the N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminonuorene (N-OH-AAF)-dependent acetylation of 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB) ( N , N -acetyltransferase), the AcCoA-dependent acetylation of procainamide (PA), and the N -arylhydroxamic acid N , O -acyltransferase (AHAT) activity that results in the conversion of N-OH-AAF and related hydroxamic acids to electrophilic reactants. 1-(Fluoren-2-yl)-2-propen-1-one (vinyl fluorenyl ketone, VFK) was shown to be a potent and irreversible inactivator of NAT II activities. A 200-fold higher concentration of VFK was required to inactivate NAT I activity than was required for inactivation of NAT II activities. Similar selectivity in the inactivation of the isozymes was observed when experiments were conducted with enzyme preparations that contained both NAT I and NAT II activities. The presence of substrates and products of the NAT II-catalyzed reactions such as AcCoA, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), and N -acetyl-4-aminoazobenzene (N-Ac-AAB) protected NAT II from the inactivating effects of VFK, providing evidence that VFK is an active site directed inhibitor (affinity label) of NAT II. Studies with 1-(fluoren-2-yl)-2-propan-1-one (EFK), an analogue of VFK in which the α, β-unsaturated vinyl ketone group of VFK has been replaced with an ethyl ketone group, demonstrated that the conjugated ketone of VFK is required for inactivation of enzyme activity. The results of these studies suggest that agents such as VFK should have utility as probes of acetyltransferase multiplicity and in the investigation of the active site topography of the enzymes.
Father involvement and maternal depressive symptoms in families of children with disabilities or delays.

This study examined the longitudinal association between fathers’ early involvement in routine caregiving, literacy, play, and responsive caregiving activities at 9 months and maternal depressive symptoms at 4 years. Data for 3,550 children and their biological parents were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort data set. Analyses in a structural equation modeling framework examined whether the association between father involvement and maternal depressive symptoms differed for families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and for families of children with other disabilities or delays from families of children who were typically developing. Results indicated that father literacy and responsive caregiving involvement were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms for mothers of children with ASD. These findings indicate that greater father involvement may benefit families of children with ASD and highlight the need to support and encourage service providers to work with fathers.
The mouse as a useful model of tuberculosis

Like other animal models of tuberculosis, the mouse has provided a large amount of information that can be applied to understanding the disease process in infected humans. The model is particularly useful in providing information about the immune response, given the huge database of reagents now available, including antibodies to lymphocyte markers and the growing number of available gene disrupted mice, and the model is validated by the fact that multiple mechanisms discovered in the mouse such as the TH1 pathway and the Toll-like receptor system are similarly important in humans. The model also has its limitations, particularly in terms of the immunopathologic response, in which similar elements occur but are expressed somewhat differently.
Allogeneic and syngeneic class I MHC complexes drive the association of CD8 and TCR on 2C T cells.

Abstract In most cases, cytotoxic T cell activation is dependent on the interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8 with MHC class I molecules. In the CD8 + T cell system based on the mouse cytotoxic T cell clone 2C, recognition of the allogeneic MHC L d exhibits a less significant role for CD8 than recognition of the syngeneic MHC K b . Here, we examined whether this difference is related to the relative abilities of the two pepMHC complexes to drive the association of CD8 and TCR on the T cell surface. We show that both the syngeneic and allogeneic pepMHC induced association of CD8 and TCR, as revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Thus, the orientation of the syngeneic and allogeneic ligands when bound to the same TCR both allow CD8 to be recruited to the TCR complex. The conserved diagonal orientation of TCRs on different pepMHC ligands may facilitate such associations. The FRET results are consistent with the known binding properties and the CD8 involvement of the two different TCR:pepMHC interactions.
Report on a Family with Six Tja‐Negative Siblings

A pregnant woman for whom it was not possible to find compatible blood needed for transfusion, was found to have the rare blood type pp (Tja-negative) with anti-P + P1 antibodies in her serum. The patient was one of ten living sibs among whom four brothers and one sister had the same rare type as the proposita. Results of genetic and immunohematologic studies on this sibship and their parents were presented. The obstetric history of the proposita included three miscarriages. The fourth pregnancy, terminated by cesarean section, resulted in a premature infant, whose death was attributed to hyaline membrane disease. The fifth pregnancy ended with a full-term normal infant who remained free of disease. Positive direct antiglobulin tests were obtained with cord blood specimens of both infants, indicative of transplacental transfer of the maternal anti-P + P1 antibodies. However, manifest hemolytic disease of the newborn did not develop in either infant. The observations made in this study were compared with data recorded in the literature on this subject and discussed in relation to clinical and laboratory problems arising from the presence of the rare blood type p.
Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: influence of pH and source of humic substances.

Conditional distribution coefficients (KDOM‘) for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that KDOM‘ values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within 1 order of magnitude (1022.5±1.0−1023.5±1.0 L kg-1), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates. KDOM‘ values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)−DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (pKa = 10.3) and one other group (pKa = 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)−DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).