cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of Birth Defects From Vitamin A "Acne Supplements" Sold Online.

Background: Dietary supplements are popular among US consumers and claim to address a variety of conditions, including acne. Acne supplements containing vitamin A are of particular interest, due to the potentially teratogenic effects of vitamin A doses over 10,000 IU. Objective: This study examined dosage, pregnancy risks, and labeling of vitamin A-containing acne supplements available online. Methods: An Internet search of acne supplements sold online was conducted between March and May 2020. Supplement labels and websites were analyzed for vitamin A content and pregnancy warnings, and then divided into categories based on dosage and teratogenic risk. Results: A total of 49 acne supplements was found, and of these 26 (53%) contain vitamin A. Three supplements are likely teratogenic, 4 contain vitamin A doses exceeding the daily level of intake that meets the nutritional needs of most people, and 15 have an unknown teratogenic risk. Among the 6 supplements with over 10,000 IU vitamin A, 2 have no pregnancy warning at all, including the supplement with the highest vitamin A dose found in this study. Conclusions: Dietary supplements are not subject to the same stringent regulations as drugs, and as such, consumers may be unaware of pregnancy risks. Furthermore, FDA requirements on labeling of vitamin A supplements may lead to consumer confusion regarding dosage. As such, we encourage stricter labeling requirements for vitamin A-containing supplements, including pregnancy warnings for high-dose supplements and clearer dosage labeling.
Coherent backscattering from randomly distributed ions inside crystals

We observed collective atomic resonances and coherent backscattering of light from rare-earth doped crystals by spatio-spectral tailoring of atomic absorption. The observation enables creation of efficient solid-state subradiant quantum memories and superradiant photon sources.
Pancreatic paraganglioma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A case report and review of literature.

Pancreatic paraganglioma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A case report and review of literature
Extending the Frequency Band for Fixed Base Modal Analysis on a Vibration Slip Table

In previous work, a modal test of a large beam like structure on a vibration slip table was analytically constrained to fixed base providing estimates of the first three bending modes active in the direction of slip table motion. This work extends the frequency band of the method to extract the first ten fixed base modes of the test article. All ten fixed base modal frequencies are within two percent of the truth test fixed base modes. When compared to the truth test, the estimated damping of the lower modes has large error, but at higher frequencies the estimated damping converges on the truth value.
Concept for Next Generation Air Traffic Control System

The next generation air traffic control system must achieve a large increase in capacity and throughput while improving efficiency and safety. This paper describes the Automated Airspace concept th...
Islam and the Kirk

In this paper, Glenn Chestnutt reflects theologically on aspects of the current context of the Church of Scotland. Drawing on Karl Barth, Daniel Migliore and Mona Siddiqui, he argues that there is a potentially enriching opportunity for reflection for the Kirk as it considers the truth claims of Islam. This would take place, not simply in dialogue, but through genuine encounter and authentic interaction.
Quality of Service Support for Multimedia Applications in Third Generation Mobile Networks Using Adaptive Scheduling

Third generation mobile network will support services such as video-telephony, video-conferencing and other multimedia applications. Therefore, this network must provide quality of service (QoS) to these applications consistent with that offered by fixed networks. However, this is a very challenging task due to the instability of the wireless channel and the diverse quality of service requirements dictated by different multimedia applications. In this paper we introduce a resource allocation algorithm for the wireless downlink that takes into account the wireless channel characteristics, the QoS required by the applications as well as a pricing value function. Our solution is based on an adaptive scheduling algorithm originally developed for scheduling real-time processes during transient surges. This algorithm tends to maximize the wireless network operator profit while satisfying the customers’ quality requests.
Groups with a Cyclic Sylow Subgroup

By focussing attention on indecomposable modular representations J. G. Thompson [11] has recently simplified and generalized some classical results of R. Brauer [1] concerning groups which have a Sylow group of prime order. In this paper this approach will be used to prove some results which generalize theorems of R. Brauer [2] and H. F. Tuan [12].
Nature of Escherichia coli B(P1) Yielder Cells at the Time of Infection with Restricted T1

In the infection of Escherichia coli B(P1) with restricted T1, it was shown that yielder cells consist of both special and nonspecial cells. Special or predetermined yielders occurred only among the earliest yielders. In most instances, yielder-cell formation was most easily explained by assuming that the first step was a chance escape of the restricted phage DNA from the degrading enzyme of the restricting cell.
Vertex-Magic Total Labelings

A one-to-one map \(\lambda \) from \(E(G) \cup V (G)\) onto the integers \(\left \{1,2,\ldots,e + v\right \}\) is a vertex-magic total labeling if there is a constant h so that for every vertex x, $$\lambda (x) + \sum \lambda (xy) = h$$ (3.1) where the sum is over all vertices y adjacent to x. So the magic requirement is wt(x) = h for all x. The constant h is called the magic constant for λ. Again, a graph with a vertex-magic total labeling will be called vertex-magic.
Low-power detection of sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction for asthma assessment and control

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) is a paired muscle that stretches along both sides of the neck area. It acts as an accessory muscle of inhalation. Abnormal SCM contraction during asthma is usually a sign of further respiratory impairment. Thus, monitoring SCM muscles has great significance in asthma assessment and control. In this work, we develop a wearable monitoring system based on an optical sensor that consists of an LED and a photo detector (PD). A voltage comparator enables the microcontroller unit (MCU) to remain in sleep mode until waken upon detecting contraction. Experimental results show that our optical sensor consumes much lower power than surface electromyography (sEMG), the most commonly used technique while offering more comfort and compactness. It is also robust to motion artifact and DC baseline wandering. These properties simplify the hardware design, while the use of the comparator further reduces the system power consumption to >450 µW on average, making it the best option for low power monitoring.
Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Dimeric ReI Peptide Complexes

The reactions of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br or Re(CO)5Cl with two peptides, glycylglycine or glycylalanine, were investigated. Each reaction produced a unique, well-defined product. Structural elucidation showed the formation of chiral compounds with the formula [Re(CO)3(Gly-Xxx-O)]2, Xxx = Gly 1, Ala 2. Each dimer displays C2 -symmetry and a nearly rectangular shape. The ligands are bound via the amine and amide carbonyl at a rhenium center and via the pendant carboxylate to the adjacent rhenium center. Both products are fully characterized, via X-ray structure elucidation.
Comparative study of several proteins of the transferrin class.

Abstract 1. 1. Human, baboon and bovine serum transferrins, hen's egg conalbumin, and human milk lactotransferrin were treated with cyanogen bromide, and proteins thus fragmented were subjected to N-terminal group analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing mercaptoethanol, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. 2. 2. The human and baboon transferrins were each split into six fragments, bovine transferrin gave 7 to 8 fragments, conalbumin gave eight fragments, and lactotransferrin was split into only five fragments. 3. 3. The fragments obtained from human, baboon and bovine transferrins had similar molecular weights, ranging from 28,000 to 9000, whereas lactotransferrin was different in that its two major fragments had molecular weights of 45,000 and 9000. 4. 4. It was concluded that the transferrins studied, other than lactotransferrin, probably do not contain sections of identical structure, and that lactotransferrin may represent a useful model for the study of the origin of the transferrins.
Viscoelastic analysis of mismatch stresses in ceramic matrix composites under high-temperature neutron irradiation☆

Abstract Fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, such as SiCSiC, are proposed for structural applications in future fusion energy systems. In a fusion nuclear reactor environment time-dependent inelastic effects are induced by irradiation and hence mismatch stresses are expected to change in time. The time evolution of the internal mismatch stresses in ceramic fiber composites under high-temperature neutron irradiation is presented, with application to SiCSiC composite structures. The effects of thermal creep, irradiation-induced creep and dimensional changes on the build-up and relaxation of the interface pressure and residual stresses in fibers and matrix are investigated. Residual stresses are determined as functions of temperature and neutron exposure time. It is shown that initial mismatch stresses are relaxed within hours because of irradiation creep. It is also demonstrated that fibers with low density, such as Nicalon, will debond from the matrix due to excessive irradiation-induced densification.
Effect of somatostatin, secretin, and glucagon on secretagogue stimulated aminopyrine uptake in isolated canine parietal cells.

Somatostatin, secretin, and glucagon have been shown to inhibit gastric acid secretionin vivo and thus have been postulated to act directly on the parietal cell. To test the hypothesis that these peptides directly influence the acid secretory cells, we studied the effect of the three gastrointestinal hormones using aminopyrine uptake as an index of acid production. The parietal cells were stimulated to increase aminopyrine uptake by submaximal concentrations of histamine (10−6 mol/l), methacholine (10−6 mol/l), and pentagastrin (10−6 mol/l), but in no concentrations did these gastrointestinal hormones affect any of the secretagogues' response. Our data suggest that gastrointestinal peptides do not modulate acid secretion at the parietal cell level.
Isoxyl particles for pulmonary delivery: In vitro cytotoxicity and potency.

Abstract Pulmonary delivery of isoxyl may increase drug efficacy by targeting alveolar macrophages which are host cells for Mycobacteria. Isoxyl microparticles (1–2 μm) were obtained by antisolvent precipitation and simultaneous spray drying method. The controls were made by mixing isoxyl solution in DMSO with cell culture media. Depending on the drug concentration, either isoxyl solution or nanosuspension was obtained in these controls. In the study, MTT (methylthiazol tetrazolium) and LDH (lactose dehydrogenase) assays were utilized to test cytotoxicity of these particle suspensions or solutions toward macrophages. Isoxyl microparticles and controls in concentrations up to 100 μg/ml were not toxic to macrophages. Both isoxyl microparticle suspensions and controls showed bactericidal activity, as estimated by death of mycobacteria inside the macrophages, at a concentration of 5 μg/ml.
A low cost aerospace vehicle

Abstract A continuing barrier to the exploitation of the space frontier is the lack of affordable transportation. This paper describes an ‘aerospace’ vehicle which, through complete reusability, promises to significantly reduce the cost of putting payloads in space. It is the first step to a Federal Express of space
A comparison of binless spike train measures

Several binless spike train measures which avoid the limitations of binning have been recently been proposed in the literature. This paper presents a systematic comparison of these measures in three simulated paradigms designed to address specific situations of interest in spike train analysis where the relevant feature may be in the form of firing rate, firing rate modulations, and/or synchrony. The measures are first disseminated and extended for ease of comparison. It also discusses how the measures can be used to measure dissimilarity in spike trains' firing rate despite their explicit formulation for synchrony.
Religious delusions and the limits of spirituality in decision-making.

There is much to like about Kuczewski's (2007) framing of spirituality and religion as a “foreign language” that requires “translation.” Religiously-framed assertions are common in healthcare, and ...
A first principles study of adhesion and adhesive transfer at Al(1 1 1)/graphite(0 0 0 1)

Abstract First principles density functional theory with ultrasoft pseudopotentials constructed with the local density approximation was used to investigate adhesion at Al(1 1 1)/graphite(0 0 0 1). The energy difference between four interface registries we explored was negligible. The contours of the electron localization function revealed minimal localization at the Al/graphite interface suggesting minimal Al–C bonding. The computed work of separation, Wsep, was 0.11 J/m2, and the work of decohesion for a single layer of graphite transferring to aluminum, Wdec, was 0.077 J/m2. Although our theoretical framework does not include the weak van der Waals forces that mitigate interlayer bonding between graphite sheets, the fact that Wdec
Geosynchronous Imaging FTS (GIFTS) Calibration Performance Assessment

The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) on-orbit radiometric calibration requirement of 1K is predicted to be met, based on the delivered performance of the engineering design unit on-board blackbody calibration subsystem.
Roast effects on the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacities of peanut flours, blanched peanut seed and peanut skins.

Hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (H&L-ORAC) of peanut flours, blanched peanut seed, and peanut skins were characterised across a range of roast intensities. H-ORAC ranged from 5910 to 7990, 3040 to 3700 and 152,290 to 209,710 μmoles Trolox/100 g for the flours, seed, and skins, respectively. H-ORAC increased linearly with darker seed colour after roasting at 166 °C from 0 to 77 min, whereas skin H-ORAC peaked after roasting for 7 min. Linear correlations with H-ORAC and total phenolic content were observed. Additionally, completely defatted peanut seed were solubilised (5% w/w) in water and H-ORAC measured. For these samples, H-ORAC decreased with roast intensity which correlated with soluble protein. L-ORAC ranged from 620 to 1120, 150 to 730 and 2150 to 6320 μmoles Trolox/100 g for peanut flours, seed, and skins, respectively. L-ORAC increased linearly with both darker seed colour and skin colour across the 77 min range. L-ORACs of roasted peanuts and ingredients are discussed in terms of tocopherol contents and Maillard reaction products.
Application of a new adaptive grid for aerodynamic analysis of shock containing single jets

A fast and robust solution-adaptive grid generation method has been developed for the three-dimensional numerical analysis of shock containing supersonic jets. The adaptive grid algorithm, which is based on the equidistribution principle and the alternate direction method, has been fully integrated with the space marching scheme developed by Abdol-Hamid (1989). The capability of the approach proposed here is illustrated by numerical solutions for circular, square, and elliptic jet plumes.
Self-reported seizure frequency and time to first event in the seizure monitoring unit.

Summary: Purpose: To compare seizure frequency reported in the clinic with time to first diagnostic event during video-EEG monitoring. The effect of the artificial environment of the monitoring unit on self-reported seizure frequency was explored. Methods: The 155 consecutive patients were seen in the Washington University Epilepsy Center and subsequently underwent video-EEG monitoring during 2001. Of these, 112 had a diagnostic event during monitoring; 31 left without having a definite event; and 12 could not provide an estimate of seizure frequency in the clinic. The time to first event was compared with self-reported seizure frequency. The patients were then divided into three equal groups (tertiles) based on mean seizure frequency, and time to first seizure was compared between groups. Then the numbers of patients staying >7 days without ever having an event were compared between the low and high seizure-frequency groups. Finally, Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated. Results: No correlation was found between self-reported seizure rate and time to diagnostic event (r= 0.18; p = 0.06). Time to first event was 2.8 days in the low seizure-frequency group (mean, 2.2/month), 2.1 days in the medium (mean, 8.8/month), and 2.1 days in the high (mean, 24.1/month) groups, which were not significantly different (p = 0.19). Of patients in the low-frequency group, 79% had an event within 7 days. Conclusions: In the artificial environment of the monitoring unit, self-reported outpatient seizure frequency is not an accurate predictor of duration of video-EEG monitoring required to make a definitive classification of clinical events and should not contribute to the decision as to whether to refer a patient for monitoring.
Existence of Pseudo Almost Automorphic Solutions to a Nonautonomous Heat Equation

En este trabajo, al hacer algunos supuestos adecuados, se obtiene la existencia de pseudo soluciones automorfas a una ecuacin del calor no autnoma con coeficientes degradados.
Correlation of Laminar Boundary-Layer Quantities for Hypersonic Flows

Nomenclature H = dimensionless static enthalpy, (h — he)/he q = heat transfer rate per unit area r = enthalpy recovery factor, 2Hr/ (ue/he) Re = Reynolds number, xuepe/^e s — geometry parameter; cone, s = 1, plate, s = 0 St = Stanton number, -qw/peue(hr — hw) T = absolute temperature u — -component of velocity 0 =u/ue 6 = velocity boundary-layer thickness pjit = density-viscosity product 0 =n(du/dy)(Re)"/Peue o = effective Prandtl number
Nairobi today: the paradox of a fragmented city

edited by Helene Charton-Bigot and Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres, Nairobi, Kenya, Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2006, 389 pp., $41.95 (pbk), ISBN-978-9-987-08093-9 Nairobi today: the paradox of a fragmented...
Social experience affects the development of dendritic spines and branches on tectal interneurons in the jewel fish

African jewel fish reared with eyeless cave fish, but without visual-tactile contact with conspecifics, exhibit hyperresponsive behavior after release in community aquaria. Because the optic tectum might be affected by these restraints on visual experience, unreleased members of the same social isolate group were compared histologically with controls reared in community aquaria. Using the rapid Golgi method, we counted dendritic spines and branches on pyriform interneurons between 402 and 529 days of age. As compared with isolates, control group interneurons exhibited significantly more spines and primary branches on apical dendrites in deep tectal layers. Our focus is the relation between experiential differences in rearing conditions and synaptic changes in the deep tectal layers.
Multiple phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and specific protein synthesis are required for prothoracicotropic hormone-stimulated ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta.

Abstract Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated protein phosphorylation leads to ecdysteroidogenesis (molting hormone biosynthesis) in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The phosphorylation of 34 and 50 kDa peptides (p34 and p50) paralleled the increase in ecdysteroidogenesis, and the dephosphorylation of p34 and p50 preceded a decrease in ecdysteroidogenesis. Inhibition by rapamycin of p34, but not p50, phosphorylation prevented PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that p34 phosphorylation is requisite for PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Two proteins whose synthesis was rapidly stimulated by PTTH were p50 and p70. The time-course of PTTH-stimulated synthesis of p50 paralleled that of p34 phosphorylation and that of ecdysteroidogenesis. Rapamycin inhibited PTTH-stimulated synthesis of p50 and p70, suggesting that specific protein synthesis is also required for PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis, confirming the results of Rybczynski and Gilbert [(1994) Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 24, 175-1891, and that p34 phosphorylation may regulate the downstream synthesis of p50 and p70, possible key regulatory proteins leading to ecdysteroidogenesis. Results from two-dimensional (2D)-PAGE analysis of the ribosomal proteins purified from prothoracic glands, demonstrated that p34 is indeed ribosomal S6, and is phosphorylated at up to five sites (P1–5) upon PTTH stimulation. The multiple phosphorylation of S6 was inhibited completely by rapamycin as shown in 2D gel maps, further confirming that p34 is ribosomal protein S6. Temporal analysis of PTTH-stimulated S6 phosphorylation by 2D-PAGE revealed that phosphorylation of S6 at the P1 site was temporally correlated with the initiation of ecdysteroidogenesis, and that multiple phosphorylation at all five sites (P1–5) was correlated with the maximal synthesis of ecdysteroids. Dephosphorylation of S6 was accompanied by a decrease in ecdysteroidogenesis. These data demonstrate that p34 is ribosomal protein S6 and that both the phosphorylation of S6 and specific protein synthesis are required for PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in the prothoracic gland.
Combining robotic assembly with just‐in‐time manufacture

THE Vancouver Division of Hewlett‐Packard, Vancouver, Washington, USA, designs and manufactures workstation printers. The evolution of design and manufacturing processes through each product generation has allowed ongoing design improvements, more efficient use of printed circuit board space, a reduction in the number of circuit boards, and robotic assembly within a Just‐in‐Time (JIT) manufacturing environment.
The winding road to understanding the neonatal origins of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders.

ABSTRACTBeginning with the observation that birth weight correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the concept of neonatal programming, that the environmental influence on fetal and neonatal development results in modification of the risk profile for adult disease, has begun to emerg
Manninen's defense of abortion rights is unsuccessful.

According to Bertha Manninen, even if fetuses have the same right to life as the rest of us, abortion would still be morally permissible (Manninen 2010). This is so because a fetus's right to life ...
Dose response of angiogenesis to basic fibroblast growth factor in rat corneal pocket assay: II. Numerical simulations

Angiogenesis involves interactions among various molecules and cells. To understand the complexity of interactions, we developed a mathematical model to numerically simulate angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the corneal pocket assay. The model considered interstitial transport of bFGF, cellular uptake of bFGF, and dynamics of vessel growth. The model was validated by comparing simulated vascular networks, induced by bFGF at three different doses: 5 ng, 15 ng, and 50 ng, with experimental data obtained in the first part of the study, in terms of migration distance of vascular network, total vessel length, and number of vessels. The model was also used to simulate growth dynamics of vascular networks as well as spatial and temporal distribution of bFGF, which could not be measured experimentally. Taken together, results of the study suggested that the coupling between diffusion and cellular uptake of bFGF was critical for determining structures of vascular networks and that the mathematical model was appropriate for simulation of angiogenesis in the cornea.
Suppression of food intake and food-reinforced behavior produced by the novel CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM 1387.

Abstract Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonists are becoming increasingly recognized for their potential therapeutic utility as appetite suppressants. In the current paper we characterize the biochemical and behavioral effects of AM 1387, which is a novel CB1 antagonist. AM 1387 exhibited binding affinity and selectivity for the CB1 over the CB2 receptor. Moreover, AM 1387 decreased GTPγS (EC 50 : 22.82 nM) and increased forskolin-stimulated cAMP (EC 50 : 274.6 nM), as did the CB1 inverse agonist AM 251 (GTPγS EC 50 : 25.82 nM; cAMP EC 50 : 363.8 nM), indicating that AM1387 also has inverse agonist properties in vitro. In the behavioral characterization in rats, AM 1387 suppressed lever pressing for food on two operant schedules (fixed-ratio 1 and 5). Timecourse of the effect on fixed-ratio 5 responding was then determined, and the half-life ( t 1/2 = 4.87 h) was found to be threefold shorter than what has been shown for SR 141716A, and fourfold shorter than AM 251. Finally, AM 1387 was found to suppress food intake using three diets of differing macronutrient composition and palatability. It was concluded that AM 1387 may be a useful tool for examining the effects of CB1 receptor antagonism or inverse agonism on food intake.
Neurofibrosarcomas of the upper extremity

A retrospective review of all malignant hand tumors seen at the University of Michigan from 1950 to 1987 demonstrated six biopsy-proven cases of neurofibrosarcoma involving the upper extremity. There were four male and two female patients; average age at presentation was 37 years and ages ranged from 15 to 63 years. All patients had a history of von Recklinghausen's disease. Three patients were seen initially with painful enlarging masses, one with a painful mass with a neurological deficit, and two with painless enlarging masses. Three patients had radical excisions requiring upper extremity or forequarter amputation, and three patients received limited or no surgical treatment. Five patients died of metastases an average of 3 years after diagnosis. One patient remains alive 18 years after upper extremity amputation despite an early local recurrence. Early diagnosis and radical surgical excision offer the best chance of long-term survival from this highly lethal cancer.
Comparison of human sera reactivities in immunoblots with recombinant human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 proteins associated with the latent (ORF73) and lytic (ORFs 65, K8.1A, and K8.1B) replicative cycles and in immunofluorescence assays with HHV-8-infected BCBL-1 cells.

The development of reliable, sensitive, and specific serological methods for the detection of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) antibodies is critical for a thorough understanding of HHV-8 prevalence and pathogenesis. To evaluate the potential usefulness of HHV-8 proteins in measuring the responses against both latent and lytic antigens, we selected 1 latent [open reading frame (ORF) 73] antigen and 3 HHV-8 lytic antigens (ORFs 65, K8.1A, and K8.1B) previously identified as immunogenic [Virology (1998) 243, 208-217]. Full-length genomic ORF 73 and full-length ORFs 65, K8.1A, and K8.1B from the cDNA clones were cloned, expressed in bacterial and baculovirus-insect cell expression systems, and purified as GST fusion proteins. These recombinant proteins were used in Western blot reactions to test sera from 104 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+/Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)+ homosexual men, 77 HIV+/KS- homosexual men, and 84 age-matched HIV-/KS- men. These sera were also tested in immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) with uninduced and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced B cell lymphoma-1 cells to detect antibodies against latency-associated nuclear antigens (LANA) and antibodies against lytic antigens (cytoplasmic fluorescence). These sera exhibited differential reactivities reflecting different titers of antibodies against HHV-8 proteins, and variable reactivities were seen more commonly with the sera from HIV-/KS- adult men. In the Western blot assay, 89% (93 of 104) of HIV+/KS + sera, 60% (46 of 77) of HIV+/KS- sera, and 7% (6 of 84) HIV+/KS- sera were reactive with both latent and lytic recombinant antigens. Western blot reactions with ORF 73 protein were more sensitive than LANA-IFA results. The lytic IFA and lytic Western blot (ORFs 65 and K8.1A) assays were more sensitive than the ORF 73 Western blots and LANA-IFA. With an exception of 2 sera from the HIV-/KS- group, all sera positive for lytic IFA antibodies and ORF 65 and K8.1A antibodies were also positive for latent antibodies. With few exceptions, sera positive for ORF 65 antibodies were also positive for K8.1A antibodies, and sera recognized the K8.1A protein more often than the K8.1B protein. There is a high degree of concordance between IFA and Western blot reactions, suggesting that this panel of HHV-8 recombinant proteins could detect a majority of the HHV-8-seropositive individuals. These results suggest that IFA followed by confirmation with the Western blot reactions with a panel of latent and lytic immunogenic antigens would provide a reliable, sensitive, and specific method for the detection of HHV-8 antibodies.
A Graphical Procedure for Determining Nonstationarity in Time Series

Abstract Integrated processes as models for time series data have proved to be an important component of the highly flexible class of ARIMA(p, d, q) models. Determining the amount of differencing, d, has been a difficult task: too little and the process is not yet second-order stationary; too much and the process is more variable than it need be. It is shown that by introducing the notion of generalized covariances, developed by Matheron (1973) for spatial processes, the amount of differencing needed can be read easily from a sequence of graphs showing averages of squares of primary data increments. Formal inference to determine if the last difference really is necessary can then be carried out. Time series data are analyzed in this way and compared with the hypothesis-testing approach illustrated by Dickey, Bell, and Miller (1986). Once the order of differencing has been diagnosed, either the differenced time series can be analyzed or the generalized covariance of the undifferenced series can be estimated.
Predictive Validity of the MC Carthy Screening Test Based on Wide Range Achievement Test

The correlations between the McCarthy Screening Test and the Wide Range Achievement Test were assssed for 87 Caucasian first grade children from a semirural school district: 44 boys and 43 girls whose mean age was 62 mo. at screening and 83 mo. at achievement testing. Pearson product-moment correlations were moderate (.53 to .34) between McCarthy Numerical Memory and achievement and negligible (.03 to .16) between the McCarthy Leg Coordination and the achievement. Findings are discussed in relation to Meeker's technique of interpretation.
Cosmic Gamma Rays from Metagalactic Proton–Antiproton Annihilation

Annihilation gamma radiation has a characteristic spectrum which distinguishes it from other types of cosmic gamma radiation. Such spectra are presented here, based on the results of recent accelerator experiments on antiproton annihilation and also including cosmological distortions of local annihilation gamma ray spectra.
Incorporating Domain Knowledge and Information Retrieval Techniques to Develop an Architectural/Engineering/Construction Online Product Search Engine

This paper introduces a domain-specific search engine, which was developed to take advantage of the growing online product information for surveying the virtual product market. Knowledge about a product was uniquely incorporated with query expansion operations and the extended Boolean model retrieval approach to handle issues associated with the search engine development. The search engine was designed to (1) represent and utilize the represented knowledge in the product domain; (2) identify online product information; and (3) then evaluate the collected online product information. A prototype search engine for testing was developed and statistically validated with five data sets with each data set being derived from a different type of product according to MasterFormat (Alexandria, Va.) categorization. The validation results indicated that compared with the tested general search engine or aggregated information service, the prototype was able to identify more distinct product manufacturers for procurement-related decision support.
Intravenous thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarction: An analytical review

The properties and physiological effects of three currently FDA-approved thrombolytic agents, streptokinase (SK), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and anisoylated plasmminogen activator complex (APSAC) are reviewed. All thrombolytic agents have been shown to reduce mortality postmyocardial infarction (MI). Comparative trials have failed to demonstrate a difference between the effects of tPA, SK, and APSAC on mortality. In addition, no consistent difference between the three agents on ejection fraction (EF) has been found despite a superior reperfusion rate with tPA at 90 min. Further-more, reinfarction and interventional procedure rates were significantly higher after thrombolytic treatment, and the incidence of total strokes was higher with tPA than SK in some comparative studies. Based on analysis of the published megatrials, SK is a more cost-effective thrombolytic agent for patients with acute MI than tPA or APSAC.
1287 EFFECTS OF ROUTINE PROCEDURES ON TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION (TcPO2) IN NEONATES, A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

1287 EFFECTS OF ROUTINE PROCEDURES ON TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION (TcPO2) IN NEONATES, A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
Solar-QBO interaction and its impact on stratospheric ozone in a zonally averaged photochemical transport model of the middle atmosphere

This work was supported in part by the NASA Living with a Star TR&T program and by the Office of Naval Research.
A perfused rabbit retina preparation suitable for pharmacological studies

We present a method for maintaining the isolated retina-eyecup of the rabbit in a manner which permits the introduction of pharmacological agents at a controlled concentration. As judged by physiological criteria, the retina is well maintained under these conditions. The stability of the preparation is excellent; intracellular or extracellular recordings from single cells can be maintained through multiple solution changes. By using Co2+ to block synaptic transmission, we can distinguish direct from transsynaptic effects. Use of this preparation should facilitate the investigation of neurotransmission in the mammalian retina.
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays of 1000 μm Length by Anodization of Titanium Foil: Phenol Red Diffusion

We report for the first time fabrication of self-aligned hexagonally closed-packed titania nanotube arrays of over 1000 μm in length and aspect ratio ≈10 000 by potentiostatic anodization of titanium. We describe a process by which such thick nanotube array films can be transformed into self-standing, flat or cylindrical, mechanically robust, polycrystalline TiO2 membranes of precisely controlled nanoscale porosity. The self-standing membranes are characterized using Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area measurements, glancing angle X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. In initial application, such membranes are used to control the diffusion of phenol red.
Effect of macroscopic eroded debris on lifetimes of plasma-facing components during plasma instabilities

Abstract During plasma disruptions, the net power flux reaching the divertor surface due to the vapor-shielding effect is significantly reduced to
In vitro effect of streptomycin on clinical isolates of Pythium insidiosum.

Pythium insidiosum is the only known species of this genus capable of causing infections in humans, horses, cattle, dogs, cats and captive polar bears. We investigated the growth response of severa...
Robust Estimation of Multivariate Linear Model Based on Depth Weighted Mean and Scatter

Based on the projection depth weighted mean and scatter estimation of the joint distribution of (x, y), we introduce a robust estimator of the regression coefficients for the multivariate linear model. The new estimator possesses desirable properties including affine invariance, Fisher consistency, and asymptotic normality. Also, we study the robustness of the estimator in terms of breakdown point and influence function. Extensive simulation studies are performed to investigate the finite sample behavior of robustness and efficiency. The methodology is illustrated with a real data example.
When change in the self is mistaken for change in the world.

The authors examined whether and when changes in the self lead to mistaken assessments that the world has changed. Survey data revealed that: personal changes in respondents (e.g., parenthood, financial change) were positively correlated with their assessments of various social changes (e.g., crime rates, freedom). Experimental data provided converging evidence. Experimentally induced change in knowledge influenced participants' perceptions of change in an author's writing style from one decade to the next (Study 3). Bringing self-change to participants' attention attenuated their judgments of change in the world when they had sufficient cognitive resources to consider how such self-changes might affect their perceptions (Studies 4-6). Discussion highlights how such misattributions of change contribute to the pervasive belief in societal decline.
Race, The Writing of History, and Culture Wars

This article argues that postmodernism undermines traditional historiographies and seeks to provide new avenues of freedom and escape from White supremacy. Indeed, the argument of this article is that new historiographies are necessary to rid intellectual discourse of the assumptions of racist theory. Consequently, the work of Du Bois and Diop, founding historiographers of a new way of viewing Africa, might be seen as an opening to a new discourse.
Linearized gravity in isotropic coordinates in the brane world

We solve the Einstein equations in the Randall-Sundrum framework using an isotropic ansatz for the metric and obtain an exact expression to first order in the gravitational coupling. The solution is free from metric singularities away from the source and it satisfies the Israel matching condition on a straight brane. At distances far away from the source and on the physical brane this solution coincides with the 4D Schwarzschild metric in isotropic coordinates. Furthermore, we show that the extension of the standard Schwarzschild horizon in the bulk is tubular for any diagonal form of the metric while there is no restriction for the extension of the Schwarzschild horizon in isotropic coordinates.
General problems in the use of electron tubes

This paper concerns the general problems connected with the use of electron tubes. We are primarily concerned with obtaining the utmost reliability when vacuum tubes are employed in circuits to perform certain functions in guided missiles. It is first desirable that we define what we mean by "reliability." Unfortunately, each person has his own definition and idea of just what reliability concerns itself with. The following definition has been developed by a committee on reliability set up by the Radio Television Manufacturers Association and probably fits the bill closer than any definition developed up the present time. The definition is: Reliability is a measure of the probability that a device will perform its purpose adequately for the period of time intended under the operating conditions encountered. This definition covers, in reality, almost every conceivable kind of application and it becomes apparent almost immediately that reliability for one type of service may not necessarily constitute reliability for another application at all. This causes much of the confusion which exists in determining reliable operating. conditions for tubes in specific particular applications. This is brought about by the fact that some applications require the tubes to operate for only a relatively short time, say one-half hour; other applications require the equipment to run for twenty-four hours a day for days on end without any operator being within hundreds of miles of the equipment. In this instance, replacements cannot easily be made and therefore the equipment, to be reliable, must operate thousands of hours without any attention.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Risk Factors for Falls, Fear of Falling, and Falls Efficacy in a Cohort of Middle-Aged African Americans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to cross-sectionally and longitudinally identify risk factors for falls, fear of falling, and falls efficacy in late-middle-aged African Americans. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed in-home assessments on a probability sample of 998 African Americans and conducted two annual follow-up interviews. Multiple logistic regression modeled the associations with falls (any fall or injurious fall) during 2 years prior to the baseline interview, and baseline fear of falling and falls efficacy with 2-year prospective risks for falling and fear of falling. RESULTS: The most consistent association for all outcomes was depressive symptoms. Age was associated with increased risk of prior and prospective falls. Lower-body functional limitations were associated with prior falls, baseline fear of falling, and low falls efficacy, whereas low ability with one-leg stands prospectively predicted fear of falling. The greatest prospective risk for incident falls was having had a prior fall (odds ratio = 2.51), and the greatest prospective risk for fear of falling was having been afraid of falling at baseline (odds ratio = 8.14). IMPLICATIONS: Falls, fear of falling, and low falls efficacy are important issues for late-middle-aged as well as older persons. Interventions should focus on younger adults and attend especially to lower-body function and depressive symptoms as well as building self-efficacy for safe exercise, dealing with falls risks, and managing falls themselves. Language: en
Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide (BCES) disturbs the progression of rat keratinocytes through the cell cycle.

Abstract Epidermal basal keratinocytes are the primary target in BCES-induced cutaneous injury. DNA synthesis is inhibited by exposure to BCES which could relate to the mustard's cytotoxic effect. The effects of BCES on the cell cycle in keratinocytes synchronized by aphidicolin were investigated. Primary keratinocytes synchronized at the Gl/S boundary entered the S, G2, M, and G1 phases at successive times after release from the block. When cells were exposed to 1, 10, or 50 μM BCES in different phases of the cell cycle, cells in the S phase were more sensitive to BCES than cells in the other phases. Keratinocytes exposed to 1 μM BCES at the Gl/S boundary exhibited a prolongation of the S phase and a block in the G2 phase. When these cells were exposed to 10 or 50 μM BCES, they did not enter the S phase for up to 12 h and the incorporation of thymidine into DNA was inhibited. These results suggest that the blocks in the G2 and G1 phases relate to the cytotoxic effect of BCES on the germinative population of epidermal keratinocytes.
2,5-Diarylisothiazolone: novel inhibitors of cytokine-induced cartilage destruction.

Abstract A series of 2,5-diarylisothiazolones is reported that inhibit the IL-1β-induced breakdown of bovine nasal septum cartilage in an organ culture assay. The synthesis and preliminary SAR of these compounds are described. These compounds represent a novel, nonpeptide lead series approach to the mediation of the chronic cartilage breakdown associated with arthritic disease. These compounds are relatively resistant to reductive metabolism by liver microsomal preparations and appear to inhibit cartilage breakdown by interfering with the proteolytic activation of matrix metalloproteinases.
Optical neural net for classifying imaging spectrometer data

A problem in surface mineralogy is addressed; namely, how does one determine the composition of a mixture from its spectrum? A neural net algorithm arises naturally, and we detail the state equations of this net. An optical architecture and simulation results are presented.
Error-driven learning in visual categorization and object recognition: a common-elements model.

A wealth of empirical evidence has now accumulated concerning animals’ categorizing photographs of real-world objects. Although these complex stimuli have the advantage of fostering rapid category learning, they are difficult to manipulate experimentally and to represent in formal models of behavior. We present a solution to the representation problem in modeling natural categorization by adopting a common-elements approach. A common-elements stimulus representation, in conjunction with an error-driven learning rule, can explain a wide range of experimental outcomes in animals’ categorization of naturalistic images. The model also generates novel predictions that can be empirically tested. We report two experiments which show how entirely hypothetical representational elements can nevertheless be subject to experimental manipulation. The results represent the first evidence of error-driven learning in natural image categorization and they support the idea that basic associative processes underlie this important form of animal cognition.
Film cooling effectiveness: Comparison of adiabatic and conjugate heat transfer CFD models

Abstract This paper documents a computational investigation of the film cooling effectiveness of a 3-D gas turbine endwall with one fan-shaped cooling hole. The simulations were performed for adiabatic and conjugate heat transfer models. Turbulence closure was investigated using three different turbulence models: the realizable k – e model, the SST k – ω model, as well as the v 2 – f turbulence model. Results were obtained for a blowing ratio of one, and a coolant-to-mainflow temperature ratio of 0.54. The simulations used a dense, high quality, O-type, hexahedral grid with three different schemes of meshing for the cooling hole: hexahedral-, hybrid-, and tetrahedral-topology grid. The computed flow/temperature fields are presented, in addition to local, two-dimensional distribution of film cooling effectiveness for the adiabatic and conjugate cases. Results are compared to experimental data in terms of centerline film cooling effectiveness downstream cooling-hole, the predictions with realizable k – e turbulence model exhibited the best agreement especially in the region for (2 ≤ x / D ≤ 6). Also, the results show the effect of the conjugate heat transfer on the temperature (effectiveness) field in the film cooling hole region and, thus, the additional heating up of the cooling jet itself.
Detection of cyclic carbon clusters. II. Isotopic study of the ν12(eu) mode of cyclic C8 in solid Ar

The cyclic C6 cluster has been identified for the first time in Fourier transform infrared spectra of the products from the laser evaporation of graphite rods trapped in Ar at ∼10 K. Measurements on spectra produced using both 12C- and 13C-enriched rods combined with the results of new density functional theory calculations performed in the present work as well as previous calculations by Martin and Taylor, have resulted in the assignment of the most intense infrared active mode, ν4(e′)=1694.9 cm−1 of the cyclic C6 isomer with D3h symmetry. This assignment is based on excellent agreement of the frequency, 13C isotopic shifts, and relative intensities with the theoretical predictions.