cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activities to enhance introductory pharmacy practice experiences.

Abstract Introduction The goal of this initiative was to provide a meaningful introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) to third-year students when opportunities for direct patient interaction are limited. Methods A single, pretest/posttest quasi-experiment was used to evaluate the impact of a structured pharmacy-based education series (intervention 1) and an interprofessional simulation (intervention 2) during combined internal medicine (IM) and infectious diseases (ID) IPPEs. Intervention 1 consisted of five, three-part pharmacy-based educational sessions, while intervention 2 consisted of an interprofessional simulated rounding experience. Pre- and post-rotation examinations were given to evaluate the impact of the interventions on student knowledge. Confidence was measured in 11 or 12-question pre- and post-surveys using a four-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree. Results Thirty-six students (30 in intervention 1 and six in intervention 2) were included. In intervention 1, there was a 19% improvement in IM knowledge (45% vs. 64%) and 10% improvement in ID knowledge (40% vs. 50%). In intervention 2, there was a significant improvement in both IM (30% vs. 40%) and ID (50% vs. 65%) and knowledge questions (10% and 15% improvements, respectively). In both interventions, most students reported increased confidence. Conclusions Knowledge and confidence improved in both intervention groups, demonstrating that there are ways to enhance IPPEs without direct patient interaction.
Teaching quality in neurosurgery: quantitating outcomes over time.

Objective High-quality neurosurgery resident training is essential to developing competent neurosurgeons. Validated formative tools to assess faculty teaching performance exist, but are not used widely among Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) residency programs in the United States. Furthermore, their longer-term impact on teaching performance improvement and educational outcomes remains unclear. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of implementing an evaluation system to provide faculty with feedback on teaching performance in a neurosurgery residency training program over a 4-year period. Methods The authors performed a prospective cohort study in which a modified version of the System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ) instrument was administered to neurosurgical trainees in their department regularly every 6 months. The authors analyzed subscale score dynamics to identify the strongest correlates of faculty teaching performance improvement. ACGME program survey results and trainee performance on written board examinations were compared for the 3 years before and after SETQ implementation. Results The overall response rate among trainees was 91.8%, with 1044 surveys completed for 41 faculty. Performance scores improved progressively from cycle 1 to cycle 6. The strongest correlate of overall performance was providing positive feedback to trainees. Compared to the 3 years prior, the 3 years following SETQ implementation saw significant increases in written board examination and ACGME resident survey scores compared to the national mean. Conclusions Implementation of SETQ was associated with significant improvements in faculty teaching performance as judged by trainees over a 4-year period, and guided curricular changes in the authors' training program that resulted in improved educational outcomes.
Impacts of vacancy-induced polarization and distortion on diffusion in solid electrolyte Li3OCl.

Lithium-rich oxychloride antiperovskites are promising solid electrolytes for enabling next-generation batteries. Here, we report a comprehensive study varying Li concentrations in Li3OCl using ab ...
RETRAN Analysis of SONGS 2 Reactor Coolant System Flow Measurements

Southern California Edison Company conducted the test of reactor coolant system (RCS) flow measurements at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, Unit 2 (SONGS 2) in the Summer of 1982. The test was initiated by tripping the pumps in various combinations, and measurements of RCS flow were made. These measurements are used to evaluate the response of the system to a loss of reactor coolant flow and to demonstrate that the RCS flow coast-down is consistent or conservative with respect to safety analysis. A SONGS 2 RETRAN-021 model was developed to simulate the flow test. The main purpose of performing RETRAN calculations for this test is to benchmark the SONGS 2 RETRAN model against plant measurement data.
A Region-Based Strategy for Collaborative Roadmap Construction

Motion planning has seen much attention over the past two decades. A great deal of progress has been made in sampling-based planning , whereby a planner builds an approximate representation of the planning space. While these planners have demonstrated success in many scenarios, there are still difficult problems where they lack robustness or efficiency, e.g., certain types of narrow spaces. Conversely, human intuition can often determine an approximate solution to these problems quite effectively, but humans lack the speed and precision necessary to perform the corresponding low-level tasks (such as collision checking) in a timely manner. In this work, we introduce a novel strategy called Region Steering in which the user and a PRM planner work cooperatively to map the space while maintaining the probabilistic completeness property of the PRM planner. Region Steering utilizes two-way communication to integrate the strengths of both the user and the planner, thereby overcoming the weaknesses inherent to relying on either one alone. In one communication direction, a user can input regions, or bounding volumes in the workspace, to bias sampling towards or away from these areas. In the other direction, the planner displays its progress to the user and colors the regions based on their perceived usefulness. We demonstrate that Region Steering provides roadmap customizability, reduced mapping time, and smaller roadmap sizes compared with fully automated PRMs, e.g., Gaussian PRM.
Comparison of Results of Aid with Fresh and Frozen Semen

The use of frozen semen for AID has gained wide acceptance and a relatively large number of pregnancies have been reported following the use of this technique.1 A number of reports dealing with either fresh or frozen semen use in AID have been published.2-6 some authors have attempted to compare the published results for the two types of semen and concluded that the pregnancy rates are either similar or slightly lower when frozen semen is employed. 3,6,7 Actually, the reported data are difficult to evaluate. One has to compare results obtained by different groups of investigators practicing in various parts of the world, treating different populations of infertile couples and utilizing different technical and therapeutic approaches. Such comparisons are at best difficult. However, in several reports the same groups of investigators compared results with each type of semen and also concluded that pregnancy rates are indeed similar or only slightly decreased when frozen semen is used.8-10 While pregnancy rate is one of the most important parameters used in the evaluation of efficacy of AID, it is not the only measure. The number of cycles of insemination required for pregnancy to occur should also be considered when comparing the effectiveness of AID with fresh and frozen semen.
Green Carnivores, Mad Cows, and Gene Tech: The Politics of Food in Hungarian Environmentalism

© 2003 Krista Harper All Rights Reserved The copyright for individual articles in both the print and online version of the Anthropology of East Europe Review is retained by the individual authors. They reserve all rights other than those stated here. Please contact the managing editor for details on contacting these authors. Permission is granted for reproducing these articles for scholarly and classroom use as long as only the cost of reproduction is charged to the students. Commercial reproduction of these articles requires the permission of the authors.
Ability of Patients to Identify Their Attending Physician: An Academic Medical Center Study

Introduction: It is of utmost importance that patients are able to identify their attending physicians. There is a paucity of data in this area, particularly in teaching hospitals that have protocols for physician and staff communication with patients and their families. In order to optimize the patient experience, more research is needed on physician performance and patient satisfaction. Little is known about hospitalized patients’ ability to identify their attending physician. This paper evaluates the rates of patient identification of their attending physician in surgical and non-surgical specialties. Methods: A total of 15,828 surveys, spanning September 2010 to June 2013, were assessed. This included patient representation from 9 departments within UCLA Health. Of these, 6,473 interviews were conducted among patients admitted to surgical specialty service lines while 9,355 interviews were conducted among patients admitted to non-surgical specialty service lines. Statistical comparisons were made using the student’s t-test and evaluated for variance using the ANOVA test. Results: It was determined that significantly (p<0.001) more patients in surgical specialty service lines were able to positively identify their attending physician than patients admitted to non-surgical specialty service lines; 65.7% and 35.7%, respectively. Conclusions: It is plausible that a greater percentage of surgical specialty patients can identify their attending physician because the attending is often the physician performing the operation. These results suggest that measures should be undertaken in order to improve patient identification of their attending physicians, which may also improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes. Journal of Nature and Science, 1(4):e62, 2015.
Soluble, membrane-bound, and detergent-solubilized rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. pH-dependent cofactor binding.

Abstract Soluble striatal tyrosine hydroxylase undergoes a dramatic increase in affinity for the synthetic cofactor 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine (DMPH4) from 1.5 mm above pH 6 to 0.25 mm below pH 5.7. In the presence of 0.075% Triton X-100, the Km for DMPH4 below pH 5.7 is further reduced to 0.1 mm. The presence of the specific mucopolysaccharide, heparin, which exhibits a Ka of near 10 µg per ml independent of pH, and cooperativity of binding, totally abolishes the pH-dependent change, and alters the Km for DMPH4 to 0.1 mm. Under all conditions, the soluble enzyme exhibits a Km for tyrosine near 56 µm. Solubilization of membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylase with Triton X-100 yields a form of the enzyme identical with the soluble enzyme in kinetic properties as well as on sucrose density gradients. On the other hand, membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylase exhibits a Km for DMPH4 near 0.1 mm independent of pH. Further, the membrane-bound enzyme has a Km for tyrosine of 8 to 10 µm. The data are consistent with a highly cooperative conformational transition as the pH is raised from 5.7 to 6.0, which is prevented by the presence of heparin, or by the binding of tyrosine hydroxylase to membrane components. Further, the observation that synaptic membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylase exhibits a decreased Km for both tryosine and DMPH4 could provide an alternative mechanism by which newly synthesized transmitter may be preferentially released.
The Sacred Oral Tradition of the Havasupai

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2011 Pages: 336 Publisher: University of New Mexico Press ISBN: 978-0-8263-4931-6 (hard cover).
Survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in macrophages

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages that can cause serious pneumonia in both young horses and immunocompromised people. Essential to understanding rhodococcus pathogenesis is a quantitative documentation of the intracellular events that follow macrophage phagocytosis of the organism. By using a bacterial immunofluorescence staining assay, we verified the intracellular survival and replicative potential of R. equi in both murine peritoneal macrophages and equine alveolar macrophages in vitro. Following an initial lag period of 6 to 12 h, the intracellular numbers of R. equi begin to rise, often reaching macrophage-compromising levels by 48 h. A quantitative determination of bacterial growth by a novel image analysis cytometry technique confirmed our fluorescence microscopic results. By 48 h postinfection, bacterial numbers had increased by more than fivefold, and the majority of infected macrophages in the monolayer contained 10 or more bacteria per cell. The intracellular organisms were viable, as evidenced by the ability to incorporate radiolabeled uracil. The use of these techniques has identified differences in the in vitro replicative capacities of a virulent strain and an avirulent strain of R. equi. A clinical isolate of R. equi expressing a 17-kDa virulence-associated plasmid-encoded antigen was able to survive and replicate within macrophages, whereas an avirulent, non-plasmid-containing strain replicated poorly. These results suggest that plasmid-encoded bacterial virulence factors may contribute to the ability of R. equi to replicate within its host cell, the macrophage.
Investigation of Centroid Connector Placement for Advanced Traffic Assignment Models with Added Network Detail

Advanced traffic assignment models, such as simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment, typically incorporate more detailed network representations than do traditional planning models. In this context, the placement of centroid connectors may have a significant effect on model performance, and attention must be paid to their number and location to avoid unrealistic congestion or low utilization of minor roadways by local traffic. Given that the manual inspection of centroid connector placement may be too time-consuming in large regional networks, this paper proposes two simple automatic centroid connector placement strategies for dynamic traffic assignment applications. The first approach radially distributes the connectors to the nearest nodes and is intended to exemplify some limitations of the most common techniques in practice. The second strategy involves dividing the centroid and subsequent demand into two parts, distributing the demand across one subcentroid linked to nearby nodes and one linked t...
Student Voice for School‐Climate Improvement: A Case Study of an Urban Middle School

This case study used a student voice program in an urban middle school in the southeastern United States to examine the validity of three theoretically derived pathways through which student voice may affect positive school climate. First, using a youth participatory action research process to identify barriers to learning, analyse their root causes, and advocate for solutions to school administration allowed students to influence minor school policies and implement anti-bullying, classroom-behaviour-monitoring, and experiential-learning initiatives. However, there were challenges to making these policy and practice changes systemic. Second, relationships were formed and strengthened as a byproduct of student participant and staff collaboration in program activities. However, the program may have contributed to an ingroup–outgroup dynamic between participants and other peers. Third, students who participated in the program developed citizenship competencies, and their development may have promoted broader prosocial norms among the student body, though evidence was inconsistent. Study findings suggest that future research examine how variations in the implementation of student voice initiatives can maximize the contribution to a positive school climate in urban schools. Findings also suggest that practitioners should ensure that student teams be representative of a multitude of student identities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC and 31P NMR analysis of phenols in coal liquefaction oils

Two Illinois No. 6 coal liquids (SOH and ASOH) were separated into polar and non-polar fractions and the polar fractions were analyzed to identify the phenols by RP HPLC in tandem with 31P NMR spectroscopy of samples derivatized with ClPOCMe2CMe2O (1). The results obtained from both methods complement one another quite well despite numerous cases of more than one phenol displaying equal retention times or the same 31P chemical shift when derivatized with 1. The total amount of phenolic oxygen was quantitatively determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy for both coal liquids. The results agree very well with values reported by others by an FTIR method.
Restoration of riparian vegetation in the south-western United States: importance of flow regimes and fluvial dynamism

Riparian ecosystems in the south-western United States have undergone extensive physical and biological changes, due, in part, to alteration of natural flow regimes and suppression of fluvial processes. Many riparian ecosystem restoration projects are achieving success because they recognize the importance of restoring the hydrologic regime. In other words, these projects are restoring flows of water and sediment in sufficient quantities and with appropriate temporal and spatial patterns. Other projects have proceeded without recognition of the need to incorporate environmental stream flow requirements into management plans. To increase success rate of riparian ecosystem restoration, this paper describes some changes that have occurred within riparian ecosystems of the southwestern United States, reviews the role of stream flow regimes in structuring riparian plant communities, and assesses various ways in which riparian plant communities can be restored by naturalizing ecological processes.
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotations: ophthalmology.

This is the ninth article in a continuing series for emergency medicine education. Ophthalmology is the topic. Since ophthalmologic problems are common in the emergency department and have obvious importance in clinical care, the time spent on an ophthalmology rotation can be very valuable in emergency medicine training. This experience is often limited to a 2-week rotation. Therefore, clear goals and objectives take on a greater significance for the resident-in-training.
Adaptation of Adults to Uncorrected Hypospadias

Objectives Surgery has been advocated for children with hypospadias to improve the appearance of the penis, allow voiding in the standing position, and improve the chance of fertility. We undertook a survey of adults with hypospadias to determine their adaptation to this congenital anomaly without surgical correction. Methods In a 2-year prospective study, six urologists in the general practice of urology identified 56 adult patients from their practices with hypospadias. The urethral meatus was glanular in 21 patients, subcoronal in 23, distal penile in 7, mid-penile in 4, and proximal penile in 1. Nine patients had undergone failed or incomplete hypospadias repairs as children. Seven patients had mild to moderate chordee. Results Only 1 patient presented with a complaint referable to the hypospadias, and only 3 (5%) of the 56 patients expressed dissatisfaction with the appearance of their penis. Of the 56 patients, 18 (32%) stated that they were unaware that they had a congenital anomaly. The 2 patients who were known to be infertile were believed to be infertile on the basis of oligospermia. Although 20 (36%) of the 56 patients described angulation or spraying of the urinary stream, only 3 (5%) stated that they preferentially sat to void. No patient pursued an interest in corrective surgery. Conclusions Of the adults we surveyed with hypospadias, most stated that they were satisfied with the appearance of the penis, voided in the standing position, and did not have infertility associated with the abnormal position of the urethral meatus.
Statistics of enumerating total coliforms in water samples by membrane filter procedures

Abstract A commonly used assumption is that the microbial counts of a given water sample are randomly distributed according to Poisson statistics and, in particular, that replicate analyses of the same sample are so distributed. Using Fisher's index of dispersion, as well as a newly developed test, analysis of prior data on membrane filter total coliform organisms in a variety of water samples indicated that, in many cases, the assumption of Poisson statistics was incorrect, but that the data were consistent with a negative binomial distribution. This finding has significance in the interpretation of total coliform counts for regulatory as well as research purposes, and further research to delineate the responsible mechanisms is required.
On distributed online classification in the midst of concept drifts

In this work, we analyze the generalization ability of distributed online learning algorithms under stationary and non-stationary environments. We derive bounds for the excess-risk attained by each node in a connected network of learners and study the performance advantage that diffusion has over individual non-cooperative processing. We conduct extensive simulations to illustrate the results.
Structure Redesign for Improved Dynamic Response

The concepts of multivariable control design are used to redesign structures represented by lumped parameter models. When the mass is held constant, the changing of passive structural members is mathematically equivalent to an output feedback decentralized control problem. When the mass is also allowed to change, a generalization of the output feedback formulation is required. The design objective is to minimize the changes in the structure required to simultaneously satisfy inequality constraints on both the root-mean-square and absolute value of the dynamic response of each output. An alternative objective treated is to minimize the root-mean-square of the dynamic response subject to inequality constraints on the changes allowed in each structural member. Examples illustrate both procedures.
Serum Biochemical Values in Two Inbred Strains of Mastomys (Praomys coucha)

Serum samples collected from 119 (72 male and 47 female) mastomys (Praomys coucha) of 2 specific-pathogen-free inbred strains (RI4 and RI7)were analyzed for 12 serum biochemical parameters. Sex-related differences (p<0.01) were noted in alkaline phosphatase and glucose; the both higher in females than in males. Age-related changes (p<0.01) were observed in total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase, with higher values for the first three parameters in the older group (200-250 days of age) than in the younger group (90-140 days of age). Four out of 12 parameters showed strain-related differences (p<0.01), consistent with the large amount of genetic heterogeneity reported in this species. These serum biochemical reference values should provide information for the use of mastomys in laboratory research.
The transport of vitamin A and carotenoids in human plasma.

Abstract The hydrocarbon carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, are transported exclusively by the serum lipoproteins. About 75% of these carotenoids are found in the low-density Sf 3–9 lipoproteins, while the remainder are found in the high-density α-lipoproteins. Lutein, the carotenoid alcohol, is more widely distributed between the serum proteins, although a major fraction of the serum lutein is transported by the low- and high-density lipoproteins. It is suggested that the free hydroxyl group facilitates lutein association with other serum proteins. Vitamin A alcohol is not transported by a serum lipoprotein but a protein with a density greater than 1.21 g./ml. This protein is apparently not serum albumin, since albumin isolated by two different experimental procedures did not contain significant amounts of vitamin A alcohol. Vitamin A esters, during the period of active absorption, are concentrated in the low-density Sf 10–100 lipoproteins. Experimental results from several studies, which suggest that the reticuloendothelial system is the site not only for the removal of vitamin A esters from plasma but also for the conversion of Sf 10–100 to Sf 3–9 lipoproteins, are summarized.
Ursodeoxycholic acid for chemoprevention in ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a retrospectove cohort study

Ursodeoxycholic acid for chemoprevention in ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a retrospectove cohort study
Responses of the House Fly Stable Fly and Face Fly to Electromagnetic Radiant Energy

Spectral responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and the facefly, M. autumnalis De Geer, were similar to those of the house fly, Musca domestica L., 290–490 nm when expressed as relative energy required to obtain the same response in a tubular response chamber. Maximum numbers responsed at ca. 330 nm in the 290–630 nm range tested. Relative response to various radiance bands at 350 nm was a different nonlinear function for each species. These responses are needed to predict the number of flies that would respond to fluorescent lamps.
Impact behavior of Cr-W steels

Chromium-molybdenum ferritic (martensitic) steels are leading candidates for the structural components for fusion reactors. However, irradiation of steels containing molybdenum or niobium in a fusion environment will produce long-lived radioactive isotopes that will lead to difficult waste disposal problems. To alleviate the waste disposal problem, ferritic steels are being developed that are analogous to conventional Cr-Mo steels, but with molybdenum replaced by tungsten and niobium replaced by tantalum. Experimental steels containing 0.1% C, 2 1/4 to 12% Cr, 0 to 2% W, 0 or 0.25% V, and 0 or 0.07% Ta were produced. Charpy impact properties were determined. A 5Cr-2W-0.25V steel and a 9Cr-2W-0.25V-0.07Ta steel had the best impact properties. The impact properties of these two steels as well as those of a 9Cr-2W-0.25V and a 12Cr-2W-0.25V steel were as good or better than the properties of similarly heat treated conventional 9Cr-1MoVNb and 12Cr-1MoVW steels.
The role of prostaglandins in the excessive nausea and vomiting after intravascular cis-platinum therapy

Abstract Ten patients had serial evaluations of plasma prostaglandin E 2 , prostaglandin 2α , and 6-keto-PG 1α during administration of cis -platinum chemotherapy. No significant changes were noted in PGF 2α and 6-keto-PGF 1α whereas PGE 2 showed a decrease. This would indicate that the nausea and vomiting of platinum therapy is not a result of tumor release of prostaglandins. All patients had known residual cancer and all had elevated levels of PGE 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1α .
Deep: A knowledge-based (expert) system for electric plat design

Abstract This paper describes the development of a knowledge-based system to assist Southern California Edison (SCE) in the design of electric service facilities for residential developments. The system supports SCE planners both by performing spatial reasoning in support of the design task and by performing more routine parts of the design. The paper also outlines the technical issues underlying how this knowledge-based designer's assistant is being integrated into the CADD environment currently being used throughout the SCE grid.
From artisan to worker: the language of class during the age of liberalism in Peru, 1858-79 * 1

*I thank the two anonymous readers for their criticism and suggestions, as well as Paulo Drinot. I particularly thank my wife, Andrea Orzoff, for her constant support and critical suggestions. 1Som...
On direct sums of Baer modules

Abstract The notion of Baer modules was defined recently. Since a direct sum of Baer modules is not a Baer module in general, an open question is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for such a direct sum to be Baer. In this paper we study rings for which every free module is Baer. It is shown that this is precisely the class of semiprimary hereditary rings. We also prove that every finite rank free R-module is Baer if and only if R is right semihereditary, left Π-coherent. Necessary and sufficient conditions for finite direct sums of copies of a Baer module to be Baer are obtained, for the case when M is retractable. An example of a module M is exhibited for which M n is Baer but M n + 1 is not Baer. Other results on direct sums of Baer modules to be Baer under some additional conditions are obtained. Some applications are also included.
Predicting the Outcome From Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma: Ethical Implications

To the Editor.— Dr Black's editorial 1 on predicting the outcome from hypoxic-ischemic coma correctly notes that predictors of bleak prognosis pose important ethical implications and that some of the key ethical assumptions may remain implicit and unexamined if one moves too quickly from prognostic judgments to public policy decisions. I question, however, his suggestion that a consequentialist analysis lies specifically at the root of any decision that one should withhold life-prolonging treatment from an irreversibly comatose patient. Consequentialist or utilitarian ethics are frequently contrasted to a deontological (rights- or duty-oriented) ethical approach. A fundamental deontological question therefore becomes what is required before one could be said to be the subject of rights and duties (since it is obvious that we should respect the rights of other normal human beings but that we should not worry about respecting the rights of trees and rocks). While opinions differ, one useful line of
Miliary pulmonary nodules due to aspirated vegetable particles.

ing the long arm of chromosome 9 are vary rare. :~-~ Just one case of complete trisomy 9, (trisomy for both the short and the long arms of chromosome 9) arising de novo and one case associated with a parental chromosomal aberration are known.*' 2 A third case, which may be a mosaic, has also been reported. :~ Defects in both the 9q + and the 9p + syndromes are less severe than those found in the complete trisomy. Additionally, the partial trisomies lacked some of the clinical and pathological features o f the complete trisomy (Table I). The clinical and pathological findings in Patient E. S. are remarkably similar to the complete trisomy 9 (Table 1). Complete or almost complete trisomy 9 appears to be incompatible with life; Patient E.S. died at three and onehalf months and the other patients died at three and onehalf months, one month, and one day, respectively. The abnormal appearance of the central nervous system structures derived from the rhombeneephalon (widely separated cerebellar hemispheres and a large fourth ventricle in the absence of any obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid) is unique. To our knowledge, this deformity has been described in only three other patients and all three had complete trisomy 9. 2.:'.6 Similarly, the abnormal hepatic histology found in Patient E. S. has been described in complete trisomy 9 only. The existence of nests of primitive embryonic tissue scattered throughout various organs of the body is an additional finding not previously reported in trisomy 9 or other syndromes.
Intraoral splints for surgical fractures of the mandible.

Abstract Wide exposure for generous excision of tumors of the mouth can frequently be achieved by planned surgical fracture of the mandible. Lesions can be excised in continuity with dissection of the neck without sacrifice of the mandible. Intraoral splints constructed prior to operation have been found effective for the immobilization of such fractures. The splints provide excellent fixation, ensure good postoperative accessibility and comfort, save time at operation, and permit the patient to chew, speak, and maintain good oral hygiene. The splints are not difficult to construct, but attention to detail is essential. Materials and technical procedures are described. However, the planning, placement, and maintenance requires close collaboration between the surgeon and the dentist, prior to, during, and after the operation.
State indemnity for errors of criminal justice

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers Part of the Civil Law Commons, Civil Procedure Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Conflicts of Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Courts Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons, Evidence Commons, Judges Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History, Theory and Process Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Legislation Commons, Litigation Commons, Politics Commons, and the Public Law and Legal Theory Commons
Grade targets and teaching innovations

Abstract This paper develops a simple model of student choice to explain why some teaching innovations have only a negligible effect on mean student performance. Teaching innovations are defined as small changes in pedagogy that enable students to more quickly convert time to knowledge. In modeling student behavior it is assumed that some students are more interested in their level of performance or in minimizing their effort than in mastering a subject. The model demonstrates that if students set grade targets, some students choose to learn less and the change in mean student achievement will tend to be small.
PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) models attempt to provide both a realistic anatomic description of the animal to which a drug or toxic chemical has been administered and a biologically accurate representation of the physiological pathways for chemical storage, metabolism, and elimination in the animal. Because these models explicitly incorporate information about the biological factors which affect chemical disposition, they are particularly useful for high- to low-dose and interspecies extrapolation of pharmacokinetics. The complexity of any particular PB-PK model depends on the chemical studied and the objectives underlying model development. The primary focus of this brief overview is the structure of PB-PK models developed for three specific classes of chemicals: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxin-like chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, and retinoids. In addition, the risk assessment objectives underpinning model development and the continuing data needs in refining and extending ...
Late clinical manifestation of cerebral tuberculomas in two children with tuberculous meningoencephalitis.

We report on two children with cerebral tuberculomas leading to late dramatic clinical exacerbation after appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy and high-dose corticosteroids. A 6-year-old girl with tuberculous meningoencephalitis initially fully recovered. However, after 9 months of continuous therapy she presented with acute increased intracranial pressure caused by tuberculomas requiring rapid drainage of CSF. A 16-year-old boy with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis and severe meningoencephalitis had reached a stable condition for more than 10 months although still suffering from a left-dominant spasticity and motor dysphasia. Fifteen months after initiation of therapy he presented with an acute central paralysis of the left facial nerve, progressive hemiplegia, severe ataxia and increasing lethargy caused by a cerebral tuberculoma with a perifocal oedema. Prolonged treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy and high-dose corticosteroids led to complete recovery in the younger patient and marked improvement in the older patient who remains severely handicapped.
Monatomic to biatomic step transition during epitaxial growth by step flow

Abstract We consider the transition of a two domain vicinal surface composed of alternating terraces having 1 × 2 and 2 × 1 reconstructions and separated by A and B steps to a single domain, 2 × 1 vicinal surface with biatomic steps. The sticking coefficients for the rougher B steps are greater on either side of the step than the corresponding A step sticking coefficients and this is shown to provide the kinetic mechanism for a transition to a single domain surface even when the diffusion coefficients on the two kinds of terraces are markedly different. We also determine the explicit time dependence for the terrace widths, which is of a trancendental form.
Sorption of Uranium(6+) and Neptunium(5+) by Surfactant-Modified:Natural Zeolites

Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of surfactant-modification to enhance the ability of natural zeolites to sorb U(6+) and Np(5+). Natural zeolite material, comprised mainly of clinoptilolite and treated with the cationic surfactant exadecyltrimethylammonium-bromi(le (IDTMA), was reacted with U(6+) and Np(5+) solutions open to the atmosphere and having a range of radionuclide concentration, pH, and NaCI concentration. The results indicate surfactantmodification of the zeolite enhances its ability to sorb U(6+), particularly at pHs greater than six where U(6+) sorption on unmodified zeolite is typically low due to formation of anionic U(6+) aqueous carbonate complexes. In contrast, there is little enhancement of Np(5+) sorption onto surfactant-modified zeolite. The presence of chloride anions in solution makes surfactantmodification less effective. The enhanced sorption of U(6+) is interpreted to be due to anion exchange with counterions on the external portion of a surfactant bilayer or admicelles.
A string matching computer-assisted system for dolphin photoidentification.

This paper presents a syntactic/semantic string representation scheme as well as a string matching method as part of a computer-assisted system to identify dolphins from photographs of their dorsal fins. A low-level string representation is constructed from the curvature function of a dolphin's fin trailing edge, consisting of positive and negative curvature primitives. A high-level string representation is then built over the low-level string via merging appropriate groupings of primitives in order to have a less sensitive representation to curvature fluctuations or noise. A family of syntactic/semantic distance measures between two strings is introduced. A composite distance measure is then defined and used as a dissimilarity measure for database search, highlighting both the syntax (structure or sequence) and semantic (attribute or feature) differences. The syntax consists of an ordered sequence of significant protrusions and intrusions on the edge, while the semantics consist of seven attributes extracted from the edge and its curvature function. The matching results are reported for a database of 624 images corresponding to 164 individual dolphins. The identification results indicate that the developed string matching method performs better than the previous matching methods including dorsal ratio, curvature, and curve matching. The developed computer-assisted system can help marine mammalogists in their identification of dolphins, since it allows them to examine only a handful of candidate images instead of the currently used manual searching of the entire database. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8780Tq, 4230Sy, 0705Pj
In vitro Uptake of Iodine-131 by Salivary Glands, Stomach and Placenta

THE ability of the thyroid gland to accumulate iodide against a concentration gradient and to maintain a high gland/plasma concentration is well known. Recently it has been shown that in vitro uptake of iodine-131 by the lactating mammary tissue of the rat was 10–15 times that of liver, muscle or boiled mammary tissue, and uptake of iodine-131 was increased to about twice the level observed in fresh mammary tissue by storage for 24 hr. in Ringer-phosphate at 7° C. and continued high for 25 days storage1. In the present experiments, in vitro uptake of iodine-131 by salivary glands, that is, sub-maxillary, parotid and sublingual ; different regions of stomach, that is, fundic and pyloric ; placentae, that is, faetal and maternal ; duodenum and liver of rat were studied by incubating the tissue at 37° C. for 6 hr. in nutrient medium with pH 7.2 and the effects of thiouracil, potassium thiocyanate. sodium cyanide, iodide and thyroid-stimulating hormone on uptake of iodine-131 by these tissues were also investigated.
Promotor Genotype of the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor-α gene Shows Population Stratification but Not Association with Spina Bifida Meningomyelocele

Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute a major group of congenital malformations with an overall incidence of approximately 1 to 2 in 1000 live births in the United States. Hispanic Americans have a 2.5 times higher risk than the Caucasian population. Spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBMM) is a major clinical presentation of NTDs resulting from lack of closure of the spinal cord caudal to the head. In a previous study of spina bifida (SB) patients of European Caucasian descent, it was suggested that specific haplotypes of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA) gene P1 promoter strongly affected the rate of NTD genesis. In our study, we evaluated the association of PDGFRA P1 in a group of 407 parent-child triads (167 Caucasian, 240 Hispanics) and 164 unrelated controls (89 Caucasian, 75 Hispanic). To fully evaluate the association of PDGFRA P1, we performed both transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) and association analyses to test the hypotheses that PDGFRA P1 was (1) transmitted preferentially in SBMM affected children and (2) associated with the condition of SBMM comparing affected children to unaffected controls. We did find that there was a different allelic and genotypic distribution of PDGFRA P1 when comparing Hispanics and Caucasians. However, neither ethnic group showed strong association between SBMM and the PDGFRA P1 region. These findings suggest that PDGFRA P1 does not have a major role in the development of SBMM.
Family Hardships and Serum Cotinine in Children With Asthma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A better understanding of how poverty-related hardships affect child health could highlight remediable intervention targets. Tobacco smoke exposure may be 1 such consequence of family hardship. Our objective was to explore the relationship between family hardships and tobacco exposure, as measured by serum cotinine, a tobacco metabolite, among children hospitalized for asthma. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 774 children, aged 1 to 16 years, admitted for asthma or bronchodilator-responsive wheezing. The primary outcome was detectable serum cotinine. We assessed family hardships, including 11 financial and social variables, through a survey of the child’s caregiver. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between family hardship and detectable cotinine. RESULTS: We had complete study data for 675 children; 57% were African American, and 74% were enrolled in Medicaid. In total, 56% of children had detectable cotinine. More than 80% of families reported ≥1 hardship, and 41% reported ≥4 hardships. Greater numbers of hardships were associated with greater odds of having detectable cotinine. Compared with children in families with no hardships, those in families with ≥4 hardships had 3.7-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.0–7.0) greater odds of having detectable serum cotinine in adjusted analyses. Lower parental income and educational attainment were also independently associated with detectable serum cotinine. CONCLUSIONS: Family hardships are prevalent and associated with detectable serum cotinine level among children with asthma. Family hardships and tobacco smoke exposure may be possible targets for interventions to reduce health disparities.
Cardiovascular consequences of expressing anger in a mutually-dependent relationship.

Abstract Twenty males were harrassed by a confederate of the experimenters while solving anagrams. Following this experience they played a mixed-motive, interpersonal game with the confederate. In comparison with non-harrassed controls the harrassed subjects expressed more anger at the end of the task. While solving anagrams they also exhibited greater increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate and greater decreases in finger pulse amplitude and pulse wave transit time. The post- harrassment adjustment of cardiovascular behavior during the interpersonal games was contingent upon the subject's aggression guilt, level of exploitativeness, and uncertainty concerning the consequences of exploiting the confederate. The greater the subject's aggression guilt the less anger he expressed at the end of the anagrams task and the less he exploited the confederate. The more a subject exploited the confederate the lower his diastolic blood pressure at the end of the game. The greater the uncertainty of consequences of behavior the faster the transmission of pulses and the smaller the drop in blood pressure during the game. The potential utility of interpersonal games for studying behavioral and biological adjustments during post-anger interpersonal transactions in a mutually-dependent relationship is illustrated.
A spectrum analyzer laboratory project

A laboratory project in which the students build a simple DC1 MHz spectrum analyzer using only an oscilloscope, function generator, and a custom built-mixer/IF section is described. After assembling the spectrum analyzer, the students use it to explore the spectra of a number of different waveforms including amplitude- and frequency-modulated sine waves. The laboratory helps the students develop a feel for the meaning and significance of the mathematics they have learned relating the time- and frequency-domain representations of signals (i.e., the Fourier series, and Fourier and Laplace transforms). In addition, the laboratory introduces the students to mixing (i.e., heterodyning) and improves their understanding of their test equipment and its possible uses. The laboratory is suitable for use in a typical junior-level signals and systems course, a junior-level circuits course, a communication course, or a measurement course. >
Benthic Nepheloid Layers in Central and Western Lake Superior

Abstract Data were collected monthly on the occurrence and intensity of the Benthic Nepheloid Layer (BNL) during the ice free period of 1992 at several sites in Lake Superior. Light transmission profiles at an offshore, deep station did not vary with depth. Profiles at shallower stations closer to shore exhibited decreases in transmission typical of BNLs. The BNL is not ubiquitous in Lake Superior and appears to be a nearshore and shallow water phenomenon. The term “Benthic Nepheloid Layer” should be used with caution.
A multicriterion analysis of the water allocation conflict in the upper Rio Grande basin

Abstract The water allocation conflict in the Upper Rio Grande basin is a multiobjective decision problem with multiple decision makers. The problem is analyzed by two Multicriterion Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. The criteria used to rank alternatives consist of: 1) economic factors including operation, maintenance and allocation costs, damage losses, benefits for flood control, reacreation, water supply, and water quality; 2) environmental factors which comprise aesthetics (scenic reaches, social impacts), fish habitat (number of species by reach, catch-per-hour, temperature), recreation (water quality, recreation by visitor-day), riparian land (percent protection, development possibility), and erosion control (tons of sediment produced, capacity exceedance); 3) groundwater management policies, including equity of allocation, conjunctive use possibility and allocation subsidies, and 4) biological resources factors consisting of flora and fauna species. These criteria are defined numerically. Compromise Programming and ELECTRE III are applied to rank the alternatives selected. The numerical results are analyzed, compared, and interpreted.