cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Candidate genes for idiopathic epilepsy in four dog breeds

Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is a naturally occurring and significant seizure disorder affecting all dog breeds. Because dog breeds are genetically isolated populations, it is possible that IE is attributable to common founders and is genetically homogenous within breeds. In humans, a number of mutations, the majority of which are genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitters, or their regulatory subunits, have been discovered to cause rare, specific types of IE. It was hypothesized that there are simple genetic bases for IE in some purebred dog breeds, specifically in Vizslas, English Springer Spaniels (ESS), Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs (GSMD), and Beagles, and that the gene(s) responsible may, in some cases, be the same as those already discovered in humans. Candidate genes known to be involved in human epilepsy, along with selected additional genes in the same gene families that are involved in murine epilepsy or are expressed in neural tissue, were examined in populations of affected and unaffected dogs. Microsatellite markers in close proximity to each candidate gene were genotyped and subjected to two-point linkage in Vizslas, and association analysis in ESS, GSMD and Beagles. Most of these candidate genes were not significantly associated with IE in these four dog breeds, while a few genes remained inconclusive. Other genes not included in this study may still be causing monogenic IE in these breeds or, like many cases of human IE, the disease in dogs may be likewise polygenic.
The parallel replica dynamics method – Coming of age

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) – the numerical integration of atomistic equations of motion – is a workhorse of computational materials science. Indeed, MD can in principle be used to obtain any thermodynamic or kinetic quantity, without introducing approximation or assumptions beyond the adequacy of the interaction potential. It is therefore an extremely powerful and flexible tool to study materials with atomistic spatio-temporal resolution. These enviable qualities however come at a steep computational price, limiting the system sizes and simulation times that can be achieved in practice. While the size limitation can be efficiently addressed with massively parallel implementations of MD based on spatial decomposition strategies, allowing for the simulation of trillions of atoms, the same approach usually cannot extend the timescales much beyond microseconds. In this article, we discuss an alternative, parallel-in-time, strategy – the Parallel Replica Dynamics (ParRep) method – that aims at addressing the timescale limitation of MD for systems that evolve through rare state-to-state transitions. We review the formal underpinnings of the method, including recent developments showing it can provide arbitrarily accurate results for any definition of the states. When an adequate definition of the states is available, ParRep can simulate trajectories with a parallel speedup approaching the number of replicas used. We demonstrate the usefulness of ParRep by presenting different examples of materials simulations where access to long timescales was essential to study the physical regime of interest and discuss practical considerations that must be addressed to carry out these simulations. Sixteen years after its introduction, with a new understanding of its generality and ever increasing availability of parallel processing, the ParRep method is coming of age.
Disk/shaft vibration induced by bearing clearance effects : Analysis and experiment

This study presents an investigation of the dynamics of a rotor system with bearing clearance. Of particular interest is the influence of such effects on coupled disk/shaft vibration. Experimental results for a rotor system with a flexible disk are presented and compared to predictions from a simulation model. Some insights and conclusions are obtained with regard to the conditions under which such vibration may be significant.
Early predictors of transfusion and mortality after injury: a review of the data-based literature.

Abstract : Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in the first four decades of life and even though later superseded by heart disease and malignancy, remains a significant cause of death and disability among all age groups. In all settings, hemorrhage is one of the most substantial determinants of poor outcomes and death. Though blood transfusion has the obvious benefit of volume restoration and improved oxygen carrying capacity in the injured patient, there are risks and consequences to the use of blood including transfusion reaction, transmission of blood-borne pathogens, and impact on limited supply. In the past several years, evidence has emerged that allogeneic red blood cell transfusion may have significant deleterious immunologic impact upon the injured host. For all of these reasons, there has been a trend to restrict transfusion in non-urgent clinical settings, and, in general, replacement of blood loss is reserved for urgent conditions in which patients exhibit signs and symptoms of class III or class IV hemorrhage, that is, ongoing or imminently life-threatening. Through this same period, knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of shock and the physiologic response to resuscitation has increased greatly and could be anticipated to provide data-based guidance for changes in practice. The purpose of this paper is to review published data sets on early indicators of mortality after trauma and for the need for transfusion and then, based on these data, to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio of contemporary transfusion strategies in these injured patients.
Estimator-correlator array processing: theoretical underpinnings and adaptive implementation

We develop a generalized singular value decomposition methodology for implementing the estimator-correlator array processor. The usefulness of this structure stems from two key properties examined in this paper. First, the structure is canonical, in that it applies to a broad class of underwater signal processing problems. Second, it is robust, not critically dependent on a precise characterization of the medium in question. Numerical simulation experiments justifying this claim are presented.
Exploration of the Underlying Dimensions and Overlap between the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised

The canonical relationship between the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) was studied. Two significant canonical variates accounted for approximately 53% of the overlap in variance between the two measures. The WMS-R was found to offer unique and valuable information beyond the KAIT when assessing individuals classified as learning disabled (LD). Principal components analysis, using the KAIT Composite IQs and the WMS-R Index scores, yielded a two-factor solution. The addition of a specific measure of memory during the psychoeducational evaluation of adolescents and adults classified as LD was supported. Implications for clinical practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Configurational entropy of a 2-D continuous random network

Abstract A direct method of computation of the configurational entropy is used for a CRN model with discrete parameter distributions. Entropy maxima and minima are related to the geometrical properties of the model.
Regional Similarities in the Mechanical Properties of the Human Umbilical Artery

The human umbilical cord (UC) bridges the blood flow gap between baby and mother, protecting the blood supply in a way that allows the fetus freedom to move within the amniotic sac. Once the blood supply has been oxygenated by the maternal blood pool via the placenta, the umbilical vein (UV) provides a transport pathway to the fetus. Two umbilical arteries (UA) return the blood supply to the pool to eliminate CO2 and other metabolic wastes [1]. The walls of the UA’s and UV are made up of an intima composed a single layer of large, elongated endothelial cells [2], and a media composed of randomly distributed smooth muscles cells, collagen, elastin, and ground substance. These vessels are unique in that their adventitia is absent and substituted by Wharton’s jelly, a mucoid connective tissue.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Asymmetric and independent contribution of the second transmembrane segment 12' residues to diliganded gating of acetylcholine receptor channels: a single-channel study with choline as the agonist.

Mutagenesis studies have suggested that the second transmembrane segment (M2) plays a critical role during acetylcholine receptor liganded gating. An adequate description of the relationship between gating and structure of the M2 domain, however, has been hampered by the fact that many M2 mutations increase the opening rate constant to levels that, in the presence of acetylcholine, are unresolvably fast. Here, we show that the use of saturating concentrations of choline, a low-efficacy agonist, is a convenient tool to circumvent this problem. In the presence of 20 mM choline: (a) single-channel currents occur in clusters; (b) fast blockade by choline itself reduces the single-channel conductance by ∼50%, yet the excess open-channel noise is only moderate; (c) the kinetics of gating are fitted best by a single-step, C ↔ O model; and (d) opening and closing rate constants are within a well resolvable range. Application of this method to a series of recombinant adult mouse muscle M2 12′ mutants revealed that: (a) the five homologous M2 12′ positions make independent and asymmetric contributions to diliganded gating, the δ subunit being the most sensitive to mutation; (b) mutations at δ12′ increase the diliganded gating equilibrium constant in a manner that is consistent with the sensitivity of the transition state to mutation being ∼30% like that of the open state and ∼70% like that of the closed state; (c) the relationship between δ12′ amino acid residue volume, hydrophobicity or α-helical tendency, and the gating equilibrium constant of the corresponding mutants is not straightforward; however, (d) rate and equilibrium constants for the mutant series are linearly correlated (on log–log plots), which suggests that the conformational rearrangements upon mutation are mostly local and that the position of the transition state along the gating reaction coordinate is unaffected by these mutations.
Teaching Human Development: Current Theoretical Deficits and a Theory-Enriched “Models, Metaphors, and Maps” Remedy

Contemporary social work education in the area of human development is anemic. There is too little coverage of the theoretical frameworks, models, theorists, competencies, and functions necessary to prepare students for careers that apply developmental science. This premise is supported by a content analysis of 12 human development textbooks and 44 course outlines. Three major strategies—teaching by models, teaching by metaphors, and teaching by maps—are described as methods for enriching human development education. Four alternatives for including theoretical content are also offered.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Expansion of Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity can control leukemia relapse while protecting patients from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cord blood (CB) is rich in NK cell progenitors with similar properties of proliferation and cytotoxicity as adult blood NK cells. Hence, it is attractive to expand and potentially utilize these cells for adoptive immunotherapy. In this study, CB mononuclear cells were CD3-depleted by immunomagnetic microbead selection to remove T cells. This CD3dep CB-MNC fraction was then plated for ex vivo expansion, with or without a feeder layer of irradiated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), with or without cytokines that have been shown to be critical for NK expansion: IL-2, IL-15, IL-3, and FLT-3L. At an average of 2 weeks of culture, there was significantly higher expansion (64.7 ± 8.4-fold) of CD56+/CD3− NK cells in the presence of the UC-MSC feeder layer and cytokines compared to controls (no increase with feeder layer only and 6.4 ± 1.5-fold increase with cytokines only, P
A critical evaluation of high energy electron impact spectroscopy to measure Compton profiles

The authors present high precision Compton profile measurements on helium and molecular hydrogen obtained by high energy electron impact spectroscopy. Inelastic electron scattering cross sections at 35 keV incident energy have been studied for both He and H2 over the momentum transfer range of 1.5-12.5 au. It is shown that there is a disparity between the energy-loss spectra converted to Compton profiles by means of the binary encounter theory and the theoretical Compton profile. This discrepancy displays itself as an asymmetry of the profile and a shift of the peak to a lower energy loss, known as the 'Compton defect'. A critical evaluation of the technique, improvements made over the previous electron Compton work, the method of data analysis and a rigorous test of the binary encounter theory will be discussed in detail. The authors also analyse the problem of multiple scattering.
Factors influencing the preparation of supported iron oxide in fluidized-bed crystallization

Our previous work applied a novel supported iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) catalyst to effectively treat benzoic acid by hydrogen peroxide. The FeOOH catalyst was prepared via the oxidation of Fe2+ by H2O2 in the acidic condition using a fluidized-bed crystallization reactor. The major components coated on the surface were identified as amorphous FeOOH and gamma-FeOOH. In terms of the crystallization conditions of FeOOH, some parameters including the operational pH, superficial velocity, specific iron loading, and influent H2O2 concentration were investigated to quantify their effects on the crystallization efficiency. All these parameters were found to significantly influence the crystallization efficiency. Two types of FeOOH catalysts were synthesized: FeOOH I was prepared at pH 3.5, and FeOOH II was formed by aging FeOOH I at pH 13. The percentages of surface amorphous FeOOH reduced from 70% to 30% after aging. The FeOOH II catalyst presented a higher reactivity toward H2O2 but lower stoichiometric efficiency in oxidizing benzoic acid than FeOOH I, similar to the result of the commercial goethite. Therefore, it is concluded that the crystalline property significantly affects the performance of catalytic oxidation.
Eyeblink conditioning, motor control, and the analysis of limbic-cerebellar interactions.

Several target articles in this BBS special issue address the topic of cerebellar and olivary functions, especially as they pertain to motor earning. Another important topic is the neural interaction between the limbic system and the cerebellum during associative learning. In this commentary we present some of our data on olivo-cerebellar and limbic-cerebellar interactions during eyeblink conditioning. [HOUK et al.; SIMPSON et al.; THACH]
Criterion for Uniform Micromagnetization

Current theories of "single-domain" ferromagnetic particles compare the free energy in a state of uniform magnetization with that in an arbitrarily chosen state of nonuniform magnetization. In this paper, the comparison is made between an initial uniform state and all neighboring states, uniform or nonuniform, as an initially large applied field decreases. The initial state becomes unstable when, for some choice of the varied magnetization, the second variation of the free energy changes from positive to negative. This instability criterion leads to a boundary-value problem; the relative magnitudes of certain eigenvalues determine whether the deviation from the initial state occurs by uniform rotation or by development of nonuniform magnetization. Formulas for the critical radius are found in simple cases; they agree, except for a numerical factor, with formulas of Kondorskii.
Surface structure of free-standing polyaniline thin films

Abstract The techniques of scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the structure of chemically prepared free-standing polyaniline thin films in both their protonated and non-protonated forms. Both types of films were largely amorphous, with small regions exhibiting some degree of crystalline order in the protonated films. No nanometer-scale bundle structure was observed, in contrast to films prepared by electrochemical means or by direct evaporation in high vacuum.
Mathematical Foundation of Association Rules: mining generalized associations by linear inequalities

Associations (not necessarily in rule forms) as patterns in data are critically analyzed. We build theory based only on what data says, and no other implicit assumptions. Data mining is regarded as a deductive science: First, we observe that isomorphic relations have isomorphic associations. Somewhat a surprise, such a simple observation turns out to have far reaching consequences. It implies that associations are properties of an isomorphic class, not an individual relation. A similar conclusion can be made for probability theory based on item counting, hence it is not adequate to characterize the "interesting-ness," since the latter one is a property of an individual relation. As a by-product of this analysis, we find that all generalized associations can be found by simply solving a set of integral linear inequalities - this is a very striking result. Finally, we observe that from the structure of the relation lattice, we may conclude that random sampling may loose substantial information about patterns.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NONSYMBIOTIC AND SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION IN A WEAKLY MINEROTROPHIC PEATLAND

The acetylene reduction assay was used to measure nonsymbiotic and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in a weakly minerotrophic peatland throughout the ice-free season. Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation was found in surface materials and subsurface peat. In surface materials, nitrogenase activity measured in the field contributed about 0.6 kg N ha-' yr-', was closely associated with Sphagnum, but was not correlated with temperature between 12 and 27 C. No cyanobacteria were found in association with Sphagnum. In subsurface peat, nitrogenase activity measured in situ contributed no more than 0.4 kg N ha-' yr-' and was closely correlated with temperature between 7 and 21 C. There were uncertainites in these measurements due to presence of ethylene oxidizing activity and a long time lag. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was found only in actinomycete-induced root nodules of Myrica gale L. Legumes were absent and the few lichens present lacked nitrogenase activity. Based on acetylene reduction assays, Myrica gale fixed about 35 kg N ha-' yr-'. Nitrogenase activity in Myrica gale showed a strong seasonal pattern which varied little during three consecutive years even though water levels varied substantially. Nitrogen input to the peatland from nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation was only 15% the amount contributed by bulk precipitation. Symbiotic fixation, in contrast, contributed approximately six times the amount in bulk precipitation.
The effect of the Coriolis force on the stability of rotating magnetic stars.

The effect of the Coriolis force on the stability of rotating magnetic stars in hydrostatic equilibrium is investigated by using the method of the energy principle. It is shown that this effect is to inhibit the onset of instability.
A kinetic model for bacterial transfection: the lambda DNA system.

Abstract A kinetic model describing the binding and uptake of free lambda phage DNA by the bacterium Escherichia coli is presented. The model is based on the assumption that adsorbed ‘helper’ phage particles serve as functional sites to which the lambda DNA specifically binds. When applied to experimental data, the model describes the reaction between cells and DNA as a rapid binding of DNA to helper phage attachment sites, followed by a slow, irreversible incorporation of bound DNA into the cells. Features of the model include a time-dependent exponential decay of functional sites required for DNA uptake and a minimum time for irreversibly bound DNA to enter the cell. We suggest that this model may be useful in studying processes involved in the active transport of DNA across a permeability barrier.
Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications for Primatologists

Stable isotope biogeochemistry is useful for quantifying the feeding ecology of modern and extinct primates. Over the past three decades, substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the physiological causes of isotopic patterns as well as effective methodology to prepare samples for isotopic analysis. Despite these advances, the potential of stable isotope biogeochemistry has yet to be fully exploited by primate researchers, perhaps due to the prolific and somewhat daunting nature of the isotopic literature. I here aim to present a cogent overview of stable isotope applications to nonhuman primate feeding ecology. I review the factors that influence ecological patterns in carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotopes. I present methods for collecting and preparing samples of tooth enamel and bone mineral hydroxyapatite, bone collagen, fur and hair keratin, blood, feces, and urine for isotope analysis. I discuss both the existing and potential applications of these isotopic patterns to primate feeding ecology. Lastly, I point out some of the pitfalls to avoid when interpreting and comparing isotopic results.
NaCl-induced hot corrosion of a titanium aluminide alloy

Abstract NaCl-induced hot corrosion of a TiAl-based intermetallic, Ti-47at.%Al-2at.%Nb-2at.%Mn + 7 vol.% TiB2, was studied. Sodium chloride was vapor deposited on the surface of the specimens. The reaction of the metal, oxygen and deposited sodium chloride caused the formation of a non-protective scale and accelerated the oxidation of the alloy. Pits and possible grain boundary attack were observed on the corroded surfaces. Oxygen-free exposure showed no corrosion of the TiAl alloy due to NaCl at temperatures below and above the melting temperature of NaCl. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to predict the possible corrosion products. The corrosion mechanisms are discussed.
Stereoselective aminoacylation of a dinucleoside monophosphate by the imidazolides of DL-alanine and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-DL-alanine.

The aminoacylation of diinosine monophosphate (IpI) was studied. When the acylating agent was the imidazolide of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-Dl-alanine, a 40% enantiomeric excess of thel isomer was incorporated at the internal 2′ site and the positions of equilibrium for the 2′⇆3′ migration reaction differed for theD andl enantiomers. The reactivity of the nucleoside hydroxyl groups decreased in the order 2′(3′)>internal 2′>5′, and the extent of reaction was affected by the concentration of the imidazole buffer (pH 7.1). In contrast, reaction of IpI with the imidazolide of unprotectedDl-alanine led to an excess of theD isomer at the internal 2′ site, while reaction with the N-carboxy anhydride ofDl-alanine proceeded without detectable stereoselection. The relevance of these results to the evolution of optical activity and the origin of genetically directed protein synthesis is discussed.
A new model for sustainable growth in the energy industry

Abstract A new sustainable growth model is developed which enables the evaluations of the interdependence of financial objectives, operational performance and sustainable growth in the energy industry. This new model includes both the effect of inflation and growth produced from equity issues. Component analysis is shown to be an extremely useful tool in determining the effect of operational and financial variables on the sustainable growth rate. This new model is statistically compared with both actual growth rates and Higgins' model. Implications of this research include a more accurate financial planning tool for evaluating sustainable growth and a more effective tool for directing policies to stimulate growth in specific industries.
Serum increases and lymphoid cell surface losses of IL-2 receptor CD25 in HIV infection: distinctive parameters of HIV-induced change.

Lymphocyte activation induces production of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) which is a large portion of the CD25 membrane molecule and which is detectable in serum. Serum sIL-2R is reported here to increase as a direct effect of the HIV infection and not to be due to secondary opportunistic infections. sIL-2R increased promptly after HIV seroconversion in 83% of 50 initially seronegative homosexual men. The sIL-2R serum levels stabilized in the third year after seroconversion and were then predictive of later CD4 T cell levels and development of AIDS. In two studies of 59 and 395 seropositive men, β-2 microglobulin (B2M) and neopterin levels in serum correlated closely with each other but not with sIL-2R levels. Thus, increased production of sIL-2R may reflect pathological processes distinct from those determining B2M and neopterin increases. Membrane CD25 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes, unexpectedly, was found to be decreased in HIV infection. This contrasted with the increased sIL-2R in serum. Investigations with sensitive flow cytometry technics showed that CD25 was expressed at reduced levels and averaged only 12% of lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals in contrast to 25% in noninfected individuals. All major lymphoid populations showed reductions in CD25 positive cells. This reduction in lymphoid membrane CD25, however, was not inversely correlated with the increased serum levels of sIL-2R or with other parameters of immune deficiency or activation. Thus, surface CD25 loss and serum sIL-2R increase are separate and independent consequences of HIV infection.
Does botulinum toxin injection make esophagomyotomy a more difficult operation

Background: Some patients with achalasia treated by botulinum toxin injection still require an esophagomyotomy. In this study, we analyzed the impact of botulinum toxin injection on the technical aspects and outcome of esophagomyotomy.
Dependence of the threshold energy of femtosecond laser ejection of gold nanoprisms from quartz substrates on the nanoparticle environment

Recently, it was reported that gold nanoprisms in a monolayer array on a quartz substrate were ejected in air when irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses near their surface plasmon absorption maximum. It was deduced from the measured reduction in particle thickness upon irradiation that the ejection mechanism involved ablation of surface atoms from the gold particle, which generates an intense pressure at the particle−substrate interface. The present study reports on this phenomenon when the substrate-bound nanoparticle is immersed in a liquid environment. In this system, it is found that the nanoparticle ejection requires less than one tenth the energy required if the system was irradiated in air. The ejected nanoparticle is also found to increase in thickness instead of the decrease observed in air. These results suggest another photoinitiated ejection mechanism, different from surface ablation, when the particles are surrounded by a liquid environment. From this and other spectroscopic and microscopi...
Ensemble reforecasts of recent warm‐season weather: Impacts of a dynamic vegetation parameterization

[1] The impact of dynamic vegetation on ensemble re-forecasts of recent warm-season weather over the continental U.S. was assessed using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) and a fully coupled dynamic vegetation version of RAMS, the General Energy and Mass Transfer–RAMS (GEMRAMS). Two 10-member ensembles were produced for the June-August periods of 2000 and 2001. For each period, one of the members used the standard RAMS, and the other the GEMRAMS version. Initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by a re-forecast produced with the NCEP Seasonal Forecast Model (SFM). In addition, a pair of “baseline” simulations was produced using the NCEP Reanalysis, the “perfect” global forecast, as initial and lateral boundary conditions. Precipitation in the regional ensembles was largely controlled by the driving large-scale forcing. A large precipitation bias exists over the regional domain in the SFM itself that is amplified in the simulations. For the time periods and model set-up considered in this work, under an explicitly predictive model configuration, the use of a more complex parameterization of land-surface processes with dynamic vegetation added little value to the skill of the seasonal forecast over the regional domain. This is a consequence of the strong dependence of the regional model results on the lateral boundary conditions provided by the parent global model. Even the use of an ensemble of predictions does not remove all of the biases that are inherent in the parent global model.
Computer science education: the need for interaction

I would suggest that one of the central problems of computer science today is understanding what it's for. As a consequence, given this hypothesis, from an educational standpoint it is not clear what students are expected to represent when they graduate with degrees in computer science. To the potential employer, the situation becomes even more confused when (in better times) he believes he is recruiting one thing and finds that he has hired something else.
Merged electron-ion beam studies of dielectronic recombination in multicharged ions

Using multi-MeV highly charged ion beams from a tandem Van de Graaff and merging them with collinear electron beams, we have measured dielectronic recombination (DR) at relative energies in the range of 5 to 50 eV. the results are compared with theory and extension of the method both in range and resolution are discussed.
Paywalls and the demand for news

Abstract Given the preponderance of free content on the Internet, news media organizations face new challenges over how to manage access to and the pricing of their content. It is unclear whether content should be free or whether customers should pay via a “paywall.” We use experimental variation from a media publisher’s field test of paywalls to examine demand for online news across several local media markets. We find a 51% drop in visits after the introduction of a paywall and a far larger drop for younger readers.
In vitro induction of vegetative buds on inflorescence segments ofHaworthia

Teile des Bluttenstandes von verschiedenen Arten der einkeimblattrigen Pflanze,Haworthia, liess man in White's Nahrlosung wachsen. Die an der Achse des Blutenstandes entstandenen Verhartungen entwickelten sich entweder weiter oder gingen in viele Pflanzenkeime auf. Kokusnussmilch ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Nahrlosung fur die Entwicklung von Verhartungen und der Entstehung von Organismen.
A microprocessor-based magic-angle-sample-spinning rate controller

We describe an inexpensive, microprocessor-based design which offers great flexibility. The use of a microcontroller renders the apparatus very versatile and user friendly
Extent of compensation for variations in monkey saccadic eye movements.

We investigated and quantified the ability of the primate saccadic system to generate accurate eye movements in spite of naturally occurring variations in saccadic speed and trajectory. We show that the amplitude of a series of saccades directed to the same target is positively correlated to their peak speed, i.e., the faster the saccade, the bigger its amplitude. We demonstrate that this result cannot be simply accounted for by the main sequence, and that on average the saccadic system is able to compensate for only 61% of the variability in speed. Deviations from the average trajectory are also only partially compensated: the underlying mechanism, which tends to bring the eyes back toward the desired trajectory, underperforms for small movements and overperforms for large movements. We also demonstrate that the performance of this compensatory mechanism, and the metrics of saccades in general, do not depend on the presence of visual information during the movement. By showing that deviations from the desired behavior are corrected during the saccade, our results further support the hypothesis that the innervation signal that generates saccadic eye movements is not pre-programmed but rather is dynamically adjusted during the movement. However, the compensation for deviations from the desired behavior is only partial, and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be completely understood. Although none of the current models of the saccadic system can account for our results, some of them, if appropriately modified, probably could.
The consequences of parasitic infection for the behavior of the mammalian host.

As many as one billion people may be infected with animal parasites. The behavioral consequences of such infection, or of illness in general, is poorly understood. This issue is discussed using as an example infection of mice with Toxocara canis, the common roundworm of dogs. Current literature suggests that two-thirds of all dogs have been infected with this parasite, and 7% of all humans have antibodies to T. canis. T. canis completes its life cycle in dogs, but when it infects aberrant mammalian hosts (e.g., humans or mice), larvae migrate through various organ systems including the brain, where they can remain viable and mobile for extended periods of time. Changes in motor activity, sensory reactivity, and learning of mice infected with T. canis have been observed. The pattern of behavioral changes is influenced by the infection regime and exposure to other toxicants such as lead.
Electric charge generation during flow of hydrocarbons through microporous media

Abstract An experimental investigation of the rate of electric charge generation and transport during flow of very low conductivity, low dielectric constant liquids (hydrocarbons) through microporous media (filters) is described. The rate, measured as charging current in the liquid, depends upon the liquid relaxation time, its superficial flow velocity, and upon the nominal pore diameter and porosity of the medium. Although the relationship the current and these parameters could not be obtained from theory because of the complex structure of the flow field, an empirical correlation based upon ideas drawn from theory is presented. The correlation is able to describe the data over a wide range of these parameters. A physical description of the mechanism of charge generation is also presented.
Psychiatric sequelae of low birth weight at 11 years of age.

Abstract Background: We examined the relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and psychiatric problems at age 11 years. Methods: Random samples of 6-year-old LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) children from two socioeconomically disparate communities were identified, traced, and assessed. We targeted the 1983–1985 cohort of newborns who reached age 6 in 1990–1992, the scheduled period of fieldwork. Of the 1,095 in the target sample, 823 (75%) were assessed. Five years later, the sample was reassessed. Behavior problems were evaluated by standardized behavior problems scales rated by mothers and teachers. A multiple regression application that combines data from multiple informants was used. Prospective data were used to estimate the incidence of severe attention problems during the follow-up period. Results: Information from mothers and teachers revealed that LBW was associated with an excess of attention problems at age 11 in the urban but not in the suburban children. In the urban setting, LBW children had a higher incidence of clinically significant attention problems than NBW children. Although LBW children scored higher than NBW children on externalizing problems, the effect was accounted for in large part by maternal smoking in pregnancy. Conclusions: The LBW-attention problems association observed in the urban community suggests an interaction between biologic vulnerability associated with premature birth and environmental risk associated with social disadvantage. Further research and replication are called for.
Extreme-Wing Line Broadening and Cs-Inert-Gas Potentials

The emission profiles of the cesium resonance lines broadened by collisions with inert gases have been measured from about 50-1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from line center. The emission is observed from optically excited Cs in a cell whose temperature is varied from about 300-800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. By measuring the wing intensity relative to the entire line intensity from optically thin Cs, the profiles can be related to theoretical models without knowledge of the cesium density. The quasistatic theory of line broadening, extended to include the distribution of perturber positions about the Cs*, is used to analyze the data. The observed temperature dependence of the emission profiles is associated with the temperature dependence of the perturber distribution in the Cs*-inert-gas adiabatic potential. The quasistatic spectrum depends on the difference between excited- and ground-state adiabatic potentials, so each potential is thereby separately determined from the data. The $X\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, $A\ensuremath{\Pi}$, and $B\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ potentials for the 3.5-5-\AA{} region are given.
HORNS: A semi-perfectly secret homomorphic encryption system

With the increase in computation power and communication bandwidth it has become cheaper to aggregate the computation capabilities. This new model of computation is known as cloud computing. The security of cloud computing model will determine its universal applicability. In this paper we propose a novel homomorphic encryption system which can become a building block of securing the computations performed by cloud. We introduce the notion of semi-perfect secrecy and prove that our system is secure under this setup.
Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→2)-O-(6-O-methyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside and its 4', 6'-di-O-methyl analog. Potential inhibitors of N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase V (GnT-V)

Abstract O -(2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-(1 → 2)-3,4,-di- O -acetyl-6- O -methyl-α- d -mannopyranosyl bromide and O -(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-(1 → 2)-3- O -acetyl-4,6-di- O -methyl-α- d -mannopyranosyl bromide were each condensed with 4-nitrophenyl 2,3-di- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranoside, and the products were deprotected to yield, respectively, β- d -Glc p NAc-(1 → 2)-6- O -Me-α- d -Man p -(1 → 6)-β- d -Glc p and β- d -Glc p NAc-(1 → 2)-4,6-di- O -Me-α- d -Man p -(1 → 6)-β- d -Glc p , as their 4-nitrophenyl glycosides. These trisaccharides are expected to function as inhibitors for N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase V.
Good science, bad science: Preventing paradigm paralysis and method-bias malaise

Abstract This essay attempts to describe the potentially positive or negative outcomes of a research methods issue. I draw upon three lessons for scientists found in the field of medical science. These three lessons are applied to the Accounting Information Systems (AIS) field. Finally, I suggest a few ways by which AIS researchers can collectively make the most of this issue to thrust the field forward.
Biochemical genetic analysis of pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells: III. Association of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase in mutants of cultured Chinese hamster cells.

Carbamyl phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9), aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2), and dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3), the first three enzymes in de novo pyrimidine synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cell strain Kl (CHO-Kl), cosediment through a glycerol gradient. When an extract from Urd− A, a pyrimidine-requiring auxotroph reduced in all three activities, is run on a glycerol gradient, the enzyme activities appear in two peaks higher in the gradient, a peak of aspartate transcarbamylase separated from a peak of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and dihydroorotase. Revertants of Urd− A have increased activity of all three enzymes and give glycerol gradient patterns similar to either CHO- Kl or Urd− A. The gradient pattern for Urd− A and some of its revertants can be mimicked by treating the CHO- Kl cell extract with trypsin. Hybrids made between a CHO-Kl purine- requiring auxotroph (Ade− C) and a Urd− A revertant gave a glycerol gradient pattern which is a composite of the CHO- Kl and revertant patterns. A model is presented for the structure of this multifunctional protein.
Career or family: What choices do college women have?

Much has been written about the problems of combining job and family. Among the best-known scholarly works is Goldin’s (1997) study in which she found that only 12–17 percent of college-educated women managed to attain both a career and a family. We re-examine these conclusions, first duplicating Goldin’s definitions of career but using a somewhat older group, then using alternate definitions of career. We reach far more optimistic conclusions about what lies ahead for today’s college women.
Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention

Falls are a common and often devastating problem among older people, causing a tremendous amount of morbidity, mortality and use of health care services including premature nursing home admissions. Most of these falls are associated with one or more identifiable risk factors (e.g. weakness, unsteady gait, confusion and certain medications), and research has shown that attention to these risk factors can significantly reduce rates of falling. Considerable evidence now documents that the most effective (and cost-effective) fall reduction programmes have involved systematic fall risk assessment and targeted interventions, exercise programmes and environmental-inspection and hazard-reduction programmes. These findings have been substantiated by careful meta-analysis of large numbers of controlled clinical trials and by consensus panels of experts who have developed evidence-based practice guidelines for fall prevention and management. Medical assessment of fall risks and provision of appropriate interventions are challenging because of the complex nature of falls. Optimal approaches involve interdisciplinary collaboration in assessment and interventions, particularly exercise, attention to co-existing medical conditions and environmental inspection and hazard abatement.
Distributed iterate-collapse inversion (DICI) algorithm for L-banded matrices

In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm to invert L-banded matrices that are symmetric positive definite (SPD), when the sub-matrices in the band are distributed among several processing nodes. We provide a distributed iterate-collapse inversion (DICI) algorithm that converges, at each node, to the corresponding submatrices in the inverse of the L-banded matrix. The computational complexity of the DICI algorithm to invert an SPD L-banded n x n matrix can be shown at each node to be independent of the size, n, of the matrix. Local information exchange is carried out after each iteration to guarantee convergence. We apply this algorithm to invert the information matrices in a computationally efficient distributed implementation of the Kalman filter and show its application towards inverting arbitrary sparse SPD matrices.
Resonator self-temperature-sensing using a dual-harmonic-mode crystal oscillator

A thermometry method using resonator self-temperature-sensing is described. The method uses a harmonically related pair of c-modes of an SC-cut that is simultaneously excited in a dual-mode oscillator, and then combined to produce a thermometric frequency having a monotonic and nearly linear dependence on temperature. It avoids the activity dip problems of the b-mode and overcomes limitations of using external sensors that are subject to thermal lab and temperature gradients. This method provides a means of measuring resonator temperature with high accuracy, limited only by the stability difference between the c-mode frequencies. The concept for this dual c-mode thermometry method is presented and its implementation in a microcomputer-compensated crystal oscillator discussed. >
Tracking facial motion

We describe a computer system that allows real-time tracking of facial expressions. Sparse, fast visual measurements using 2D templates are used to observe the face of a subject. Rather than track features on the face, the distributed response of a set of templates is used to characterize a given facial region. These measurements ape coupled via a linear interpolation method to states in a physically-based model of facial animation, which includes both skin and muscle dynamics. By integrating real-time 2D image-processing with 3D models we obtain a system that is able to quickly track and interpret complex facial motions. >
Tamoxifen-associated portal vein thrombosis causing severe oesophageal variceal bleeding

A 46-year-old woman with medical history of breast cancer on tamoxifen presented with syncope. On arrival to the hospital, the patient developed massive haematemesis and a subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed oesophageal varices without any known history of liver disease. Further evaluation identified portal vein thrombosis probably caused by tamoxifen use.
Design of Nano-Laminated Coatings to Control Bioavailability of Lipophilic Food Components

There is currently a lack of effective delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive lipophilic components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, tributyrin, vitamins, antioxidants, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which is holding back the development of functional foods designed to combat diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Delivery systems consisting of lipid droplets encapsulated by nano-laminated biopolymer coatings have great potential for use in the food industry for the encapsulation, protection, and release of bioactive lipids. This article reviews the potential impact of the physicochemical characteristics of nano-laminated biopolymer coatings on the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids. The effects of layer thickness, composition, electrical charge, permeability, and environmental responsiveness on digestion, release, and absorption of lipophilic components are highlighted. The possibility of designing nano-laminated biopolymer coatings to increase, decrease, or control the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids is shown. Data generated from in vitro digestion models and animal feeding studies are presented. This knowledge could be used by the food industry to produce functional foods designed to improve human health and wellness.
A Rapid, Simplified Synthesis of α‐Bromo‐d‐camphor‐π‐sulfonic Acid and Its Salts

A rapid, simplified preparation of ammonium α-bromo-d-camphor-π-sulfonate, based upon the method of REGLER and HEIN, has been developed. The product is obtained in 34.5% yield by neutralization of the reaction mixture with aqueous ammonia, followed by evaporation of the solution and extraction of the residue with boiling ethanol. The free acid as well as its other salts may be prepared by cation exchange. Eine rasche, einfache Darstellung des Ammonium-α-brom-d-campher-π-sulfonats, auf das Verfahren von Regler und Hein begrundet, ist entwickelt worden. Das Produkt wird in 34,5% Ausbeute durch Neutralizierung des Reaktionsgemisches mit wasserhaltigem Ammoniak erhalten. Anschliesend wird die Losung eingedampft und der Ruckstand mit siedendem Athanol ausgezogen. Die freie Saure sowohl als ihre anderen Salze mogen durch Kationenaustausch dargestellt werden.
Giant breast tumors: Surgical management of phyllodes tumors, potential for reconstructive surgery and a review of literature

Background Phyllodes tumors are biphasic fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast. While the surgical management of these relatively uncommon tumors has been addressed in the literature, few reports have commented on the surgical approach to tumors greater than ten centimeters in diameter – the giant phyllodes tumor.