cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuroscience and the Magic of Play Therapy

Neuroscience research has provided support for the potential of play therapy to create new neural pathways. Recent studies also have identified the impact of mirror neurons and oxytocin on the therapeutic relationship. Using the metaphor of magic, we discuss how magicians take advantage of these neurological processes to trick audiences and contrast how play therapists use similar dynamics to enhance neuroplasticity. Whereas magicians rely on techniques that narrow or misdirect attention to create their illusions, the magic of play therapy is a powerful and developmentally appropriate method of directing attention to the child’s environment, expanding awareness and transforming children and adolescents.
Staphylococcus simulans: An emerging cutaneous pathogen

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), once an umbrella term for normal skin microbiota, are increasingly implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Quick, easy, and accurate speciation of CoNS via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was recently validated.1 Integrating this technology into hospital laboratories has allowed multiple members of the genus to surface as potential human pathogens.1 We report a case of Staphylococcus simulans causing a skin and soft tissue infection to alert dermatologists to this emerging CoNS pathogen.
Impact of income tax on happiness: evidence from the United States

ABSTRACTThe present work considers the level of demonstrated happiness and unhappiness within groups, the latter measured by the conditional probability of suicide within groups facing an income tax rate and those without. Using US data for the year 2004, our results show that individuals have lower rates of suicide or are ‘happy’ when they do not pay income taxes than those who pay.
Isolation and characterization of seminal fluid proteins that bind heparin.

The molecular mechanism by which sperm are capacitated is poorly understood. Heparin has been shown to facilitate the acrosome reaction in bull cauda epididymal (Handrow et al., 1982) and ejaculated (Miller and Hunter, 1986; Parrish et al., 1985) sperm as well as rabbit sperm (Lenz et al., 1983). Heparin is structurally similar to heparan sulfate (Gallagher and Walker, 1985) and heparan-like material is found in follicular fluid (Ax et al., 1985) and oviductal fluid (Lee et al., 1986). Heparin binds to bull, rabbit and monkey sperm in a saturable, reversible, temperature-, pH- and Ca2+-dependent fashion (Handrow et al., 1984). A heparin-binding component was isolated by affinity chromatography of hypotonic MgCl2 extracted ejaculated bull sperm. The primary protein isolated was a small 15–18 kilodalton (kD), acidic (pl from 4.2–5.0) protein (Lavin et al., 1986). Rabbit ejaculated, but not epididymal, sperm contain a 40 kD component that reacts with anti-fibronectin affinity-purified anti-sera (Koehler et al., 1980). Plasmin and chymotryspin digestion of fibronectin demonstrates 2 heparin-binding domains that are 29 and 31 kD (Woods et al., 1986). These fragments may be present in sperm or seminal plasma and may regulate capacitation.
Relation between healthiness of the diet and greenhouse gas emissions from food in the USA: a population-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Dietary choices affect both health and the environment. Few studies, and none in the USA, have examined these links at the individual level, limiting our ability to describe the variation in response to environmentally focused food policies. To address this gap, our study aimed to examine the relation between healthiness and environmental effects of individual diets in the USA. Methods We examined 24-h dietary recalls from a nationally representative sample of US adults (n=13 203), aged 18–65 years, in the 2005–10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We converted reported food intakes to commodities using resources from the US Environmental Protection Agency, and matched these to a database of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in carbon dioxide equivalents, which we developed from a comprehensive review of life cycle assessment studies. In addition to calculation of the GHGE per 1000 kilocalories per day for each individual, we assessed the healthiness of their diets using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a 12-component score ranging from 0 to 100, developed by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Cancer Institute. Findings GHGE from food were inversely related to the HEI; those in the lowest quintile of emissions had HEI scores 3·2 points higher (95% CI 2·0–4·4) than those in the highest quintile. On average, a 10% decrease in emissions was associated with a 0·4% (95% CI 0·2–0·6) increase in HEI. These results were similar after controlling for sex and ethnicity or when using a subsample of individuals describing their intake amount as usual. Interpretation This is the first nationally representative dietary study of the environmental effects of US individuals. Because higher healthy eating scores were associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions in these self-selected diets, our results suggest that objectives to improve nutritional health and lower environmental effects in the USA are compatible. This also strengthens arguments to include sustainability considerations in dietary guidance policies. Funding Wellcome Trust.
Classroom Talk as Writing Instruction for Learning to Make Writing Moves in Literary Arguments

Although teaching argumentative writing in schools is often about teaching argumentative forms, this instructional approach limits students’ flexibility and choice as writers, readers, and meaning makers. An alternative method, rooted in tenets of genre theory, offers a different approach. Rather than treating argument as a static form, genre theory assumes that genres (including argumentative genres) are situated, typified ways that people make moves through writing to accomplish goals through language. Taking a genre theory and sociocultural, discourse lens, this article explores how a teacher in an Advanced Placement Literature course approached the teaching of argumentative writing. Through a moves analysis of focal student essays and a discourse analysis of classroom talk, the study asks two questions: (1) How does the teacher, through classroom talk, support students in making moves of literary argument? (2) How do students make these moves in speaking and writing? Findings identify argumentative moves and submoves that students made in their argumentative essays. The teacher supported students’ learning by explicitly pointing to these moves in model essays, posing questions that prompted students to make the same moves in classroom talk, and revoicing student responses in more disciplinary ways. Through small- and large-group discussions, students learned to make moves that they later made in essays. In identifying classroom talk moves that serve argumentative writing instruction in literary studies, these findings have implications for classroom-based argument writing instruction, for literacy teacher preparation and professional development, and for future research on approaches to teaching literature and writing.
A Clairvoyant Approach to Evaluating Software (In)Security

Nearly all modern software has security flaws---either known or unknown by the users. However, metrics for evaluating software security (or lack thereof) are noisy at best. Common evaluation methods include counting the past vulnerabilities of the program, or comparing the size of the Trusted Computing Base (TCB), measured in lines of code (LoC) or binary size. Other than deleting large swaths of code from project, it is difficult to assess whether a code change decreased the likelihood of a future security vulnerability. Developers need a practical, constructive way of evaluating security.This position paper argues that we actually have all the tools needed to design a better, empirical method of security evaluation. We discuss related work that estimates the severity and vulnerability of certain attack vectors based on code properties that can be determined via static analysis. This paper proposes a grand, unified model that can predict the risk and severity of vulnerabilities in a program. Our prediction model uses machine learning to correlate these code features of open-source applications with the history of vulnerabilities reported in the CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) database. Based on this model, one can incorporate an analysis into the standard development cycle that predicts whether the code is becoming more or less prone to vulnerabilities.
Live demonstration: Prosthesis grip force modulation using neuromorphic tactile sensing

This is a live demonstration of the work described in [1]. The paper ID of this submission is 1634. The goal of this work is to use a neuromorphic model for providing tactile feedback to a prosthetic hand to improve grasping functionality. Custom force sensors are placed on the fingertips of a bebionc3 (Steeper, Leeds, UK) prosthetic hand and communicate with the prosthesis controller (Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Baltimore, USA). The prosthesis grip force is used as the input to a leaky integrate and fire (LIF) with spike rate adaption neuron model to produce a tactile signal represented by spiking information, which is similar to the behavior of mechanoreceptors found in humans. The prosthesis controller uses the spiking information to modulate the grip force and allow the hand to grasp a delicate object.
Evaluating particle-suspension reactor designs for Z-scheme solar water splitting via transport and kinetic modeling

Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen provides a pathway to store available solar energy in the form of stable, energy-dense chemical bonds. Here we investigate a tandem particle-suspension reactor design for solar water splitting comprising micron-scale photocatalyst particles suspended in an aqueous solution with soluble redox shuttles. A porous separator facilitates redox species transport between the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction compartments while averting gas crossover. A two-dimensional, transient model of the reactor is presented to illustrate the coupling between light absorption, interfacial electron-transfer kinetics and species transport, and their combined impacts on overall solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. The volumetric reactivity of the suspended semiconductor particles is dictated by combining the (photo)current–voltage behavior of a photodiode with Butler–Volmer electron-transfer kinetics. For the first time, a quantitative approach to determine the impacts of surface-dependent redox shuttle kinetic parameters on reaction selectivity in a Z-scheme system is established. Model results provide insights on the effects of optical, transport and kinetic properties of the semiconductor particles and the redox shuttles on the overall reactor performance. Solar-to-hydrogen reactor efficiencies predicted with BiVO4 particles for oxygen evolution are at least two times larger than efficiencies achieved with wider band-gap TiO2 particles due to enhanced visible light absorption; hydrogen evolution with SrTiO3:Rh particles was considered for both cases. Superior performance is predicted with proton-coupled electron transfer redox shuttles (para-benzoquinone/hydroquinone and iodide/iodate) that absorb little-to-no visible light, while also facilitating operation at near-neutral pH conditions, as compared to the non-proton-coupled triiodide/iodide and iron(III)/iron(II) redox shuttles. For 1 cm tall reaction compartments, diffusive species transport is fast enough to sustain reactor operation at a 1% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency for both para-benzoquinone/hydroquinone and iodate/iodide redox shuttles with less than 2.2 mg L−1 of each of BiVO4 and SrTiO3:Rh particles in the solution.
What Content Knowledge Should We Expect in Mathematics Education

Two content topics will be described. One deals with geometric measurement: length, area, and volume. These are important topics and they have not been learned very well. In particular, what types of relations can one consider when dealing with these three aspects of geometric measurement? The second topic is fractions, and different views of what students should be expected to learn. A third topic will be briefly discussed. This is a new book which has many mathematical topics which arose in secondary classes, with comments on the content both as it relates to student learning and sometimes how the mathematics fits into what had previously been studied in earlier grades and also how the ideas fit into later material. The aim of the work was to set up a framework on mathematical content knowledge for teaching mathematics in secondary school. The authors asked for comments from readers, so some will be given.
Association Between Migraine and Suicidal Behaviors: A Nationwide Study in the USA

Background Recent studies show migraineurs are at an increased risk of developing suicidal behaviors, even after controlling for comorbid depression. However, previous research has not examined the impact of psychiatric mood disorders on suicidal behaviors in migraineurs within a nationally representative sample. Objective A cross-sectional study was used to investigate the association between migraine and suicidal behaviors and determine whether psychiatric comorbidities modify this association in a nationwide inpatient cohort. Methods We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of hospitalizations compiled from USA billing data. Migraine, suicidal behaviors, and psychiatric disorders were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes from hospitalization discharges (2007-2012). Weighted national estimates were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results 156,172,826 hospitalizations were included, of which 1.4% had a migraine diagnosis and 1.6% had a diagnosis of suicidal behavior. Migraineurs had a 2.07-fold increased odds of suicidal behaviors (95%CI: 1.96-2.19) compared with non-migraineurs. We repeated analyses after stratifying by depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Among hospitalizations with depression, migraine was associated with a 20% reduced odds of suicidal behaviors (95%CI: 0.76-0.85). Among hospitalizations without depression, migraine was associated with 2.35-fold increased odds of suicidal behaviors (95%CI: 2.20-2.51). In stratified analyses, we noted that among hospitalizations with anxiety, migraineurs had slightly increased odds of suicidal behaviors (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.13). Among hospitalizations without anxiety, migraine was associated with a 2.06-fold increased odds of suicidal behaviors (95%CI: 1.94-2.20). Similarly, in analyses stratified by PTSD, migraine was not associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors (OR: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.94-1.07) among those with PTSD. However, the odds of suicidal behaviors were increased among hospitalizations without PTSD (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.84-2.08). Conclusion Chronic conditions that do not affect the current hospitalization may not have been reported. The presence of psychiatric diagnoses influences associations of suicidal behaviors with migraine in a national inpatient sample. Migraineurs with diagnosed comorbid psychiatric disorders may be receiving care that mitigates their risk for suicidal behaviors.
Vapor Detonations in Superheated Fluids

The theory of detonation is applied to the liquid-vapor phase transition in superheated fluids. It is shown that such detonations are always weak detonations, characterized by supersonic flow of the shocked region. The detonation state is therefore determined by the transport properties—the viscosity and reaction rate—rather than by the boundary conditions. A numerical example is presented using the Van der Waals equation of state with parameters appropriate for water superheated approximately 100 degrees at a pressure of 5 bars. Detonation pressures of the order of 100 bars and explosion energies of the order of 105 J/Kg are predicted for this example.
Monet in Étretat, Édouard Manet, and Vincent van Gogh

Claude Monet created more than eighty paintings depicting the spectacular Normandy coastline near the town of Etretat. On November 27, 1885, he was working near Etretat on an isolated beach accessible only at low tide and surrounded by steep cliffs. The artist suffered a nearly fatal accident when he became so preoccupied with his canvas that he did not notice the incoming tide. Prominent signs on this beach warn of the dangers and caution visitors to monitor the tide tables carefully. Monet grew up on the Normandy coast, and his letters prove that he had often painted coastal scenes with careful attention to the tide levels. Can we explain how he could have made such a mistake in Etretat regarding the tides? Can computer calculations recreate the tide schedules of 1885 and allow us to determine the precise hour when Monet was nearly trapped and drowned by the waves that accompanied the rising tide?
Abstract WP340: Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema Volumes in Diabetics on Sulfonylureas: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Sulfonylureas (SU) drugs have been linked to reduced cerebral edema, lower rate of hemorrhagic transformation, and improved functional outcome following ischemic stroke, but their eff...
Estimating Nonconformity Rates in c-Defect Sampling

An estimator is presented for the outgoing quality under zero-defect sampling and similar inspection plans. The method does not depend on knowing the distribution of the incoming lot quality and can be applied with equal or unequal lot sizes. Confidence..
Explaining Commercial Banking Reform

Armed with some facts about the actual nature of economic and institutional change in the U.S. commercial banking industry, we can now return to the challenge of explaining what happened and why it happened as it did. Recall that Chapter Three set up several sets of questions and theoretical assumptions about change. The first set of questions has to do with understanding the stimulus for change in a regulated industry — what motivates the process, whether it is a response to a failure or an opportunity, and if it is in response to a failure, the source of the failure. The second set of questions has to do with the process of change, including types of economic and institutional change, participants, motivations, the role of competition, and coordination mechanisms. Integrating theory and empirical evidence on change, it was proposed that economic and institutional change is an adaptive process in response to an economic or institutional shock that involves simultaneous change in multiple sectors of activity. Successful adaptation is conditioned upon participants having the ability to conceptualize and implement change, flexible “rules of the game,” and adequate resources to implement changes in governance and economizing. This idea is expressed by four assumptions about economic and institutional change in regulated industries in the U.S.
The Role of Models for Good and Evil

The words «model» and «modeling» are found increasingly in economics and indeed in science in general. Therefore, it is important that we consider here some of the most important characteristics of these words and concepts and introduce the reader to how they are used in energy studies and in economics. Most generally the word «model» means a simplification. For example, we all work with models of human behavior that a person will act in a particular way because he or she is a teenager, a man, a woman, rich, poor, black, white, or whatever. Of course one of the important aspects of growing up is to realize that such models are wrong so often that they are essentially useless and that we need to meet and judge people one person at a time. So perhaps one of the most important things you can learn about models of any kind is that they are often wrong. But often they are correct, and usually, incorrect, they can be useful. So armed with a healthy skepticism we can go on to see what models really are. This chapter is in some respects a continuation of ► Chap. 16 on mathematical tools ► [1].
Ten-Year Outcomes of Renal Tumor Radio Frequency Ablation

Purpose:We reviewed long-term oncologic outcomes in patients with renal tumors treated with radio frequency ablation more than 10 years ago.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with renal tumors who underwent radio frequency ablation from November 2000 to August 2007. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were assessed to determine evidence of disease recurrence. Patients with familial renal cell carcinoma syndromes were excluded from study. We calculated disease-free, metastasis-free, cancer specific and overall survival with the Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analysis of patients who had at least 10 years followup was performed to determine actual 10-year survival. Analysis was also performed based on tumor size.Results:A total of 112 tumors in 106 patients were treated with radio frequency ablation. Median followup was 79 months (IQR 28.9–121.1) and mean ± SD tumor size was 2.5 ± 0.8 cm. Initial technical success was achieved in 97% of cases. There were 10 recu...
A validated preoperative score for predicting 30-day readmission after 1-2 level elective posterior lumbar fusion.

To develop a model to predict 30-day readmission rates in elective 1–2 level posterior lumbar spine fusion (PSF) patients. In this retrospective case control study, patients were identified in the State Inpatient Database using ICD-9 codes. Data were queried for 30-day readmission, as well as demographic and surgical data. Patients were randomly assigned to either the derivation or the validation cohort. Stepwise multivariate analysis was conducted on the derivation cohort to predict 30-day readmission. Readmission after posterior spinal fusion (RAPSF) score was created by including variables with odds ratio (OR) > 1.1 and p < 0.01; value assigned to each variable was based on the OR and calibrated to 100. Linear regression was performed between readmission rate and RAPSF score to test correlation in both cohorts. There were 92,262 and 90,257 patients in the derivation and validation cohorts. Thirty-day readmission rates were 10.9% and 11.1%, respectively. Variables in RAPSF included: age, female gender, race, insurance, anterior approach, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hemiplegia/paraplegia, rheumatic disease, drug abuse, electrolyte disorder, osteoporosis, depression, obesity, and morbid obesity. Linear regression between readmission rate and RAPSF fits the derivation cohort and validation cohort with an adjusted r2 of 0.92 and 0.94, respectively, and a coefficient of 0.011 (p < 0.001) in both cohorts. The RAPSF can accurately predict readmission rates in PSF patients and may be used to guide an evidence-based approach to preoperative optimization and risk adjustment within alternative payment models for elective spine surgery. 3. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Is working memory capacity a causal factor in fluid intelligence

It is well established that measures of reasoning ability and of working memory capacity (WMC) correlate positively. However, the question of what explains this relationship remains open. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity hypothesis, which ascribes causality to WMC. This hypothesis holds that people high in WMC are more successful in capacity-demanding cognitive tasks than people lower in WMC because they can temporarily maintain more information in the form of sub-goals, hypotheses, and partial solutions. Accordingly, this hypothesis predicts that the correlation between WMC and reasoning performance should increase as the capacity demands of the reasoning items increase. We tested this prediction using items from Raven's Progressive Matrices and two measures of WMC, complex span and the k estimate from the Visual Arrays task. Neither WMC measure showed the effect predicted by the capacity hypothesis. Furthermore, the results cannot be attributed to restriction of range in performance on the individual reasoning items. This finding adds to existing evidence calling into question the capacity hypothesis, and, more generally, the view that WMC has a causal influence on fluid intelligence.
1,2-Dibenzamidobenzene inhibitors of human factor Xa.

High-throughput screening of a combinatorial library of diamidophenols yielded lead compounds with the ability to inhibit human factor Xa (fXa) at micromolar concentrations (e.g. compound 4, fXa ap...
Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality and Recent Models of Multicellularity

An evolutionary transition in individuality (ETI) is a fundamental shift in the unit of adaptation. ETIs occur through the evolution of groups of individuals into a new higher-level individual. The evolution of groups with cells specialized in somatic (viability) or reproductive functions has been proposed as a landmark of the unicellular to multicellular ETI. Several recent models of the evolution of multicellularity and cellular specialization have contributed insights on different aspects of this topic; however, these works are disconnected from each other and from the general framework of ETIs. While each of these works is valuable on its own, our interest in ETIs motivates an attempt to connect these models. We review the theory of ETIs along with these recent models with an eye towards better integrating insights from these models into the ETI framework. We consider how each model addresses key recurring topics, such as the importance of cooperation and conflict, life history trade-offs, multi-level selection, division of labor and the decoupling of fitness at the level of the group from the level of the cell. Finally, we identify a few areas in which conflicting views or unanswered questions remain, and we discuss modeling strategies that would be most suited for making further progress in understanding ETIs.
V1 in Kipsigis: Head movement and discourse-based scrambling

Kipsigis (Nilo-Saharan, Kenya) is a verb-initial language that exhibits a VSO/VOS alternation, in which the felicity of postverbal word orders is dependent on information structure. Specifically, the lexical item occupying the immediately postverbal position is discourse-prominent. We propose that V1 in Kipsigis results from head movement of the verb to a functional projection between TP and CP and that discourse-prominent material raises to Spec,TP. Movement to the immediately postverbal prominence position is a joint EPP/prominence effect (motivated by [D] and [uδ] features, respectively). We demonstrate that this prominence movement cannot be reduced to familiar notions like topic and focus, arguing that prominent phrases are highlighted or salient.
Recent advances in therapies for eating disorders.

Eating disorders are serious psychiatric illnesses with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments have traditionally included behaviorally focused therapies as well as several medication strategies. Recent years have seen promising developments in these treatments, including additional support for family-based approaches for children and adolescents, new evidence for “third-wave” behavioral therapies, and new support for the use of lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder and olanzapine for anorexia nervosa. Case study and pilot data are beginning to show limited support for neuromodulatory interventions targeting brain regions thought to be involved in eating disorders. This review summarizes treatment developments over the last several years and points towards future directions for the field.
Patient Engagement Survey Regarding Future Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial of Tapering of Chronic Opioid Therapy:

Objective: There is a lack of evidence regarding tapering opioid medications in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. The purpose of this survey was to gather perspectives on future research into opioid tapering from utilizers of chronic opioid therapy (COT) or other people affected by chronic noncancer pain. Methods: The survey was distributed in paper form to patients on COT and via an online platform to patients self-enrolled in the chronic pain patient engagement group. The survey included a layman's description of a possible tapering trial of opioid medications and elicited binary responses regarding willingness to participate and reasoning as well as qualitative freeform responses. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes in narrative responses. Results: A total of 190 surveys were returned with 72.1% of all respondents answering positively regarding their willingness to participate in a proposed study. The most common reasons for participating in the study included concerns regarding opioid dependence, adding to society's knowledge of opioid medications, and determining if the respondent would personally receive benefit from opioid medications. Patients recently on COT felt it was important to be able to withdraw from the study and return to usual care at any time (41.8% for recent COT and 15.5% for no recent COT, P < .05). The most common reason for unwillingness to participate was that respondents did not feel they had enough information to feel comfortable participating. The narrative responses showed a group of respondents felt COT was the only answer to their or their loved ones' chronic pain and that a study would demonstrate the need to continue these medications long-term. There were also stories of side effects and dependence with decreasing effectiveness of opioids for pain control. When prompted to comment on study design, respondents indicated the study should include alternative pain management options. This was accompanied by responses with the assumption that pain will worsen as opioid medications are decreased. Conclusion: Patient concerns regarding opioid medications and discontinuation reflect the lack of evidence available to prescribers. There appears to be patient support for future research into the effects of tapering opioid medications.
Fine structure of another blue luminescence band in undoped GaN

A blue luminescence band, labeled BL3, has been found in undoped GaN samples grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. It has a maximum at 2.8 eV and a phonon-related fine structure at its high-energy side. The zero-phonon line of this band consists of a duplet with two sharp lines at 3.0071 and 3.0147 eV. Three phonon modes, including the LO mode with an energy of 91.3 meV and two pseudolocal phonon modes with energies of 39.6 and 68.2 meV, form the characteristic fine structure of the BL3 band. The BL3 band is attributed to internal transitions from excited states located near the conduction band to the 0/+ transition level of unknown defect. The defect is preliminarily identified as the RY3 center, which is also responsible for bright red-yellow luminescence bands in the studied samples.
Variety’s Transformations: Digitizing and Analyzing the First 35 Years of the Canonical Trade Paper

In this chapter, Eric Hoyt discusses the efforts of his research team at the University of Wisconsin–Madison to, first, digitize Variety’s 1905–1940 run for open access and, second, employ computational analysis to better understand this important entertainment trade paper’s change over time. Using multiple research methods—including statistical content analysis and the distant reading practices of scaled entity search and topic modeling—Hoyt argues that Variety’s decisions about when and how to cover the vaudeville, film, and radio industries need to be understood as a series of specific internal strategies made in relation to a dynamic business environment. Situating his team’s digitization of Variety as a form of philology, Hoyt argues that digitization should be considered a scholarly practice, not simply a technical one.
Heterotypic immunity against vaccinia virus in an HLA-B*07:02 transgenic mousepox infection model.

Vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) elicits heterotypic immunity to smallpox, monkeypox, and mousepox, the mechanistic basis for which is poorly understood. It is generally assumed that heterotypic immunity arises from the presentation of a wide array of VACV-derived, CD8+ T cell epitopes that share homology with other poxviruses. Herein this assumption was tested using a large panel of VACV-derived peptides presented by HLA-B*07:02 (B7.2) molecules in a mousepox/ectromelia virus (ECTV)-infection, B7.2 transgenic mouse model. Most dominant epitopes recognized by ECTV- and VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells overlapped significantly without altering immunodominance hierarchy. Further, several epitopes recognized by ECTV-reactive CD8+ T cells were not recognized by VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. In one instance, the lack of recognition owed to a N72K variation in the ECTV C4R70–78 variant of the dominant VACV B8R70–78 epitope. C4R70–78 does not bind to B7.2 and, hence, it was neither immunogenic nor antigenic. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for VACV vaccination-induced heterotypic immunity which can protect against Variola and Monkeypox disease. The understanding of how cross-reactive responses develop is essential for the rational design of a subunit-based vaccine that would be safe, and effectively protect against heterologous infection.
Investigating the association between household firearm ownership and suicide rates in the United States using spatial regression models

Abstract Past studies have rather consistently shown a significant positive association between firearm ownership and suicide rates (particularly firearm-related) in the United States. However, the impact of spatial dependence of suicide rates has not been considered in the existing research that took an ecological studies approach. To bridge this gap in the literature, we estimated and compared the association using Ordinary Least Square (OLS), spatial autoregressive (SAR), and hierarchical spatial autoregressive (HSAR) regression models. The outcome variable was the average age-adjusted and smoothed suicide rate (all, firearm, and non-firearm) at the county level in the United States between 2008 and 2014. The covariates included the state-level firearm ownership and several key demographic, geographic, religious, psychopathological, and suicide-related variables at both the state and county levels. Our main findings were: 1) the spatially-informed models (SAR and HSAR) were significantly outperformed the OLS model. The SARlag model was a better choice than the SARerr model in fitting our data. However, the HSAR model was not statistically better than the SAR model; 2) based on the results from the three final SARlag models, firearm ownership was significantly associated with firearm suicide rates, but not with all or non-firearm suicide rates, and such relationships were also observed in the SARlag models using contiguity-based spatial weight matrix; and 3) The final SARlag models explained 82.6%, 84.9%, and 76.1% of the total variance in all, firearm, and non-firearm suicide rates, respectively. In conclusion, the SARlag model provided more robust evidence supporting the positive relationship between firearm suicide rate and firearm ownership. Results from this study confirmed that access to household firearms was a significant risk factor of firearm suicide in the United States and hence means reduction should be included in the suicide prevention strategy in the United States. In the future, the effect of state firearm laws and regulations on suicide rate should also be investigated using spatially informed models to gain insights on the connection among firearm ownership, firearm laws and regulations, and population-based suicide rates.
Cortical midline structures associated with rumination in women with PTSD

Abstract Elevated rumination, characterized by repetitive, negative self-focused cognition, is common in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and has been shown to predict the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Neuroimaging research has implicated cortical midline brain structures, including the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and isthmus cingulate (IsthCing), in rumination in healthy and depressed populations. While past research has revealed dysfunction in cortical midline regions in PTSD, no studies have yet investigated the structural and functional neural mechanisms underlying rumination in women with PTSD. In the current study, we used structural MRI and resting-state fMRI to examine relationships between rumination and brain volume, as well as resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of cortical midline structures in women with PTSD due to interpersonal trauma (N = 71). We performed multiple linear regression analyses to relate brain volume in rACC, PCC, and IsthCing regions to self-reported rumination, after controlling for age and total intracranial volume. We also conducted standard seed-based voxelwise rsFC analyses for significant regions identified in the structural analysis. We found a significant relationship between greater rumination and volume in the left IsthCing (p = .025). Results from the rsFC analyses revealed a significant relationship between greater rumination and diminished rsFC between the left IsthCing and left precuneus (pFWE
Machine Learning and the Pursuit of High-Value Health Care

With thoughtful deployment, machine-learning tools have the potential to help patients, clinicians, and health systems make health care decisions that promote better outcomes at lower cost.
Evaluating the performance of anaerobic moving bed bioreactor and upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor for treating textile desizing wastewater

Abstract Performance and kinetic analysis of anaerobic moving bed bioreactor (AnMBBR) and upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor (UAHR) were investigated for the treatment of synthetic textile desizing wastewater (TDW) under organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6–12 kgCOD/m3/day at thermophilic temperature (55 °C). The effects of increase in temperature (from 35 to 55 °C) on anaerobic treatment efficiency were studied. In the kinetic study for COD removal, first order substrate removal, Grau second order and modified Stover-Kincannon models were applied. By increasing temperature from 35 °C to 55 °C, COD removal, volumetric biogas production and methane content were increased 1.22, 2.58 and 1.08 times in AnMBBR. Whilst in the case of UAHR the increment for the aforementioned parameters were 1.10, 2.51 and 1.10 times, respectively. By increasing OLR from 0.6 to 6 kgCOD/m3/day, above 60% and 70% COD removal was observed, while the biogas increased from 0.12 to 0.97 L/L.day and 0.13–1.22 L/L.day for AnMBBR and UAHR, respectively. Up to an optimum OLR (6 and 8 kgCOD/m3/day for AnMBBR and UAHR) volumetric biogas production was also increased, simultaneously. Grau second order and modified Stover-Kincannon were found to be the best fit models (R2 =0.99). Biogas production and methane content in biogas were comparatively better in the case of real textile desizing wastewater due to lower sulfate concentration in the feed.
Malinvestment

In the Austrian business cycle theory, monetary expansion lowers the interest rate and sends misleading relative price signals to investors, who then make investments that turn out to be unprofitable. One criticism of the theory is that if malinvestment is predictable, investors should understand their businesses well enough to see and avoid the temptation to be lured into unprofitable investments. A broader understanding of the Austrian school's framework explains why malinvestment takes place. The economy is a complex order, and while the theory explains that malinvestment will rise during the expansionary phase, it cannot identify which investment projects will eventually become unprofitable, nor can investors themselves tell ahead of time. Furthermore, applying the fallacy of composition, it may be that one investor could profitably invest based on those price signals, but all investors cannot. Monetary expansion lowers the informational content of prices, making it more likely that unprofitable investments will take place. Even if investors become more cautious, the percentage of investment projects that eventually will prove unprofitable will rise.
Inhalation of particulate matter containing free radicals leads to decreased vascular responsiveness associated with an altered pulmonary function.

Particulate matter (PM) resulting from the combustion of organic matter is known to contribute to cardiopulmonary disease. Despite hypotheses that cardiovascular dysfunction occurring after PM expo...
Design of the first lattice light-sheet microscope with incoherent holography (IHLLS) detection

The design of the first lattice light-sheet microscope equipped with incoherent holographic detection for neuronal imaging is presented. The device is designed for the capture of 3-D complex amplitude images moving neither the sample stage nor the detection microscope objective. The system is built onto a conventional lattice light-sheet (LLS) microscope, as a second detection arm, equipped with an incoherent holographic optical design and a monochromatic CMOS sensor. The compact system could be mounted on any lattice light-sheet and light sheet instruments due to flexibility of changing the numerical aperture of the excitation light by changing the anulus of the diffraction mask. For this study, fluorescence imaging is supported by illumination at 488 nm. This work relies upon the use of the self-interference property of the emitted fluorescent light, in which three or four Fresnel patterns are projected onto samples to create interference patterns of a 3-D object using a phase shifting technique. The projection of the diffraction patterns of samples is achieved with a spatial light modulator which allows single (IHLLS 1L) or dual lens (IHLLS 2L) patterns superposition with randomly selected pixels. The focal lengths of the lenses are calculated in two steps using OpticStudio (Zemax, LLC) design to provide the optimal compromise between the two requirements for magnification and dual-beam size matching at the camera plan on the one hand and space between the objective and camera on the other. We used the IHLLS-1L for calibration purposes and IHLLS-2L for recording sample holograms. The system allows the generation of high-resolution amplitude and phase images with larger scanning area and depth of field than the original LLS. Neuronal 3-D maps are built from sets of images acquired at various z-sections, determined by galvanometric mirror depth positions in the sample. This paper describes the concept of the instrument and details its optical design. This paper briefly describes the concept of the instrument and details its optical design. An overview of the key performances is also provided.
Directionally biased habitat shifts and biogeographically informative cytonuclear discordance in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae)

PREMISE Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, Wilkesia; Compositae) were undertaken to assess evolutionary and biogeographic informativeness of cytonuclear discordance and any biases in evolutionary directionality of ecological transitions within this prominent example of adaptive radiation. METHODS Samples spanning the geographic and ecological distributions of all recognized taxa were included in phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and cpDNA sequences. Bayesian model testing approaches were used to model ecological evolution and the evolution of nuclear chromosomal arrangements while accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty. RESULTS Cytonuclear discordance detected previously appears to reflect chloroplast capture, at least in part, with nrDNA trees being largely congruent with nuclear chromosomal structural data and fine-scale taxonomy. Comparison of biogeographic histories estimated from the posterior distributions of nrDNA and cpDNA trees, including inferred chloroplast-capture events, provides additional resolution of dispersal history, including a back-dispersal to Maui Nui from Hawai'i. A newly resolved major nrDNA clade of endemic Kaua'i taxa that mostly were described as new-to-science since the 1980s strengthens the earlier hypothesis that diversification on Kaua'i has not waned since the island began to decline in area through subsidence and erosion. Bias in habitat shifts was estimated, with transitions from dry-to-mesic or -wet and from wet-to-mesic or -bog habitats dominating diversification of the silversword alliance from a dry-adapted tarweed ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The habitat-transition biases estimated here may indicate more limited pathways of ecological evolution than proposed previously for an adaptive radiation involving such major ecological shifts.
Legacy of anthropogenic lead in urban soils: Co-occurrence with metal(loids) and fallout radionuclides, isotopic fingerprinting, and in vitro bioaccessibility

Abstract Anthropogenic lead (Pb) in soils poses risks to human health, particularly to the neuropsychological development of exposed children. Delineating the sources and potential bioavailability of soil Pb, as well as its relationship with other contaminants is critical in mitigating potential human exposure. Here, we present an integrative geochemical analysis of total elemental concentrations, radionuclides of 137Cs and 210Pb, Pb isotopic compositions, and in vitro bioaccessibility of Pb in surface soils sampled from different locations near Durham, North Carolina. Elevated Pb (>400 mg/kg) was commonly observed in soils from urban areas (i.e., near residential house foundation and along urban streets), which co-occurred with other potentially toxic metal(loids) such as Zn, Cd, and Sb. In contrast, soils from city parks and suburban areas had systematically lower concentrations of metal(loids) that were comparable to geological background. The activities of 137Cs and excess 210Pb, coupled with their correlations with Pb and co-occurring metal(loids) were used to indicate the persistence and remobilization of historical atmospherically deposited contaminants. Coupled with total Pb concentrations, the soil Pb isotopic compositions further indicated that house foundation soils had significant input of legacy lead-based paint (mean = 1.1895 and 2.0618 for 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb, respectively), whereas urban streetside soils exhibited a clear mixed origin, dominantly of legacy leaded gasoline (1.2034 and 2.0416) and atmospheric deposition (1.2004–1.2055 and 2.0484–2.0525). The in vitro bioaccessibility of Pb in contaminated urban soils furthermore revealed that more than half of Pb in the contaminated soils was potentially bioavailable, whose Pb isotope ratios were identical to that of bulk soils, demonstrating the utility of using Pb isotopes for tracking human exposure to anthropogenic Pb in soils and house dust. Overall, this study demonstrated a holistic assessment for comprehensively understanding anthropogenic Pb in urban soils, including its co-occurrence with other toxic contaminants, dominant sources, and potential bioavailability upon human exposure.
One-way Functions and Isomorphism Conjecture

The isomorphism hypothesis is investigated for exponential time and other complexity classes. We present a type of one-way function whose existence is equivalent to the isomorphism hypothesis for deterministic exponential time. We prove that the isomorphism hypothesis holds for E (NE) if and only if it holds for EXP (NEXP).