cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptual magnet design study for fusion nuclear science facility

Abstract The Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) is a nuclear confinement device to provide the integrated fusion environment with fusion reactor components. The FNSF is the stepping stone to bridge the technical gaps of burning plasma and nuclear science between the International Thermal Nuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), currently under construction in the south of France, and the demonstration power plant (DEMO). For the next-step fusion reactors, resistive copper magnet cannot be a sustainable solution due to large power consumption in coils of large size needed. Both Low temperature superconductor (LTS) and high temperature superconductor (HTS) are considered for the FNSF magnet design based on the state-of-the-art fusion superconducting magnet technology. Input parameters to FNSF magnet design include magnetic field of 7.5 T at plasma center with a major radius of 4.8 m and minor radius of 1.2 m, and a peak field of over 16 T on the TF coils. The high magnetic field can be achieved by using the high performance ternary Restack Rod Process (RRP) Nb3Sn strands for toroidal field (TF) magnets and a high aspect ratio rectangular cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) design. The conductor design concept and TF coil winding pack composition and dimension are discussed based on the horizontal maintenance scheme. Neutron radiation limits for the LTS and HTS conductors and electrical insulation materials are reviewed based on the available materials previously tested. The material radiation limits for FNSF magnets are defined as part of the conceptual design studies. The global structural analysis of FNSF magnets based on the radial build was performed to validate feasibility for the plant layout toward horizontal maintenance and global structural integrity of its magnet system.
Are deep neural networks the best choice for modeling source code

Current statistical language modeling techniques, including deep-learning based models, have proven to be quite effective for source code. We argue here that the special properties of source code can be exploited for further improvements. In this work, we enhance established language modeling approaches to handle the special challenges of modeling source code, such as: frequent changes, larger, changing vocabularies, deeply nested scopes, etc. We present a fast, nested language modeling toolkit specifically designed for software, with the ability to add & remove text, and mix & swap out many models. Specifically, we improve upon prior cache-modeling work and present a model with a much more expansive, multi-level notion of locality that we show to be well-suited for modeling software. We present results on varying corpora in comparison with traditional N-gram, as well as RNN, and LSTM deep-learning language models, and release all our source code for public use. Our evaluations suggest that carefully adapting N-gram models for source code can yield performance that surpasses even RNN and LSTM based deep-learning models.
Creating, Providing, and Performing Space

This special edition of Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy is dedicated to the glorious blurred boundaries of art, research, and performance. There is an array of traditional scholarship, aesthetic texts, digital media projects, critical self-reflection, cultural exploration, and social critique. I have experienced pain, joy, connection, disconnection, longing, sadness, anger, and beauty within all of the work presented here. As you engage these works of art, you may experience some of the same feelings, or you might walk away with completely different perceptions. It is our collective and collaborative heuristic experience with the artwork contained herein that will shine a spectrum of color onto the complex and daunting social issues addressed by these artists, scholars, researchers, and wonderful human beings.
Autoimmune Necrotizing Myopathies: Subtypes and Advances in Treatment

Purpose of Review Necrotizing autoimmune myopathies (NAM), or immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM), are considered as a unique category of autoimmune myopathy given their distinctive histologic, serologic, and clinical features. The goals of this article are to review the subtypes of IMNM and to discuss treatment options that apply to these conditions. Recent findings Two thirds of cases of IMNM are associated with either autoantibodies recognizing the signal recognition particle (SRP) or with autoantibodies recognizing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Corticosteroids remain first-line therapy in combination with other immunosuppressive treatments, including methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulins, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. Summary Though a great deal has been learned about IMNM, there are no standardized treatment protocols yet developed for these conditions and future advances in the field will benefit from randomized clinical trials in which the efficacies of selected therapies are tested in a rigorous manner.
Comparative study of the effects of doping and Sn-alloying on the band structure of Ge (Conference Presentation)

Doping and Sn-alloying are very important in Ge research, since they can be used to drive this material into direct gap conditions. Both perturbations have similar effects on the optical dielectric function: they redshift and broaden the critical point structures, and they also reduce the strength of the optical transitions. On the other hand, there are some fundamental differences between them, since doping leads to Pauli blocking of transitions, which does not occur when Ge is substituted by an iso-electronic impurity such as Sn. Quite recently we documented the existence of special phase-filling singularities in the dielectric function of n-type Ge associated with optical transitions to states at the Fermi level. We also developed a theoretical formalism that allows us to compute this contribution to the dielectric function, and clearly distinguish between the phase-filling and alloying aspects of the dopant contribution to the dielectric function. Here we use these advanced tools to carry out a systematic comparison of the dielectric function of doped Ge with that of Sn-alloyed Ge.
Lack of feminization of the cremaster nucleus in cryptorchid androgen insensitive rats.

AbstractAndrogens may control rat testicular descent via effects on the genitofemoral nerve or cranial gonadal ligaments. Androgen-mediated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from the genitofemoral nerve (whose motoneuron cell bodies reside in the sexually dimorphic cremaster nucleus) may stimulate cremaster sac formation and testicular descent. Alternatively, androgens may cause regression of cranial gonadal ligaments and thereby allow the testes to descend. To evaluate these theories testicular position, and the cremaster sac and nucleus were studied in Tfm (androgen insensitive) rats. Testes were abdominal, inguinal and scrotal in 20%, 67% and 13% of Tfm male rats, respectively, and cranial ligaments were present in all cases. Mean cremaster nucleus motoneuron number was lower in female rats (70 ± 14) but not significantly different between normal male (256 ± 44) and Tfm male (231 ± 42) rats, and it correlated poorly with testicular position. Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity was...
Efficacy of communication support in collaborative online shopping: The moderating effect of task types

With the widespread popularity of social media such as Facebook and Twitter, social commerce is generating much hype in business and is attracting a lot of attention in academia. Social commerce integrates e-commerce and social communication/media. In this research, our focus is on collaborative online shopping. This research-in-progress paper outlines an experimental study to investigate the effect of communication support and task types on collaborative online shopping. Media Richness Theory (MRT) and Task-Media Fit (TMF) form the theoretical foundation of this research. As a pioneering research to investigate the interaction effect of communication support and task types in collaborative online shopping, we expect this research to contribute to a better understanding of the design and development of collaborative online shopping websites.
Number-needed-to-treat analysis of the prevention of myocardial infarction and death by antidyslipidemic therapy

BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of death in the United States for persons over the age of 45. Dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent studies suggest that treating dyslipidemia in persons with coronary atherosclerosis may decrease morbidity and mortality. METHODS A meta-analysis of 33 studies on the clinical and angiographic benefits of treating dyslipidemia in the prevention of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease was performed. These benefits are quantitated in the form of "number needed to treat" (NNT) as an estimate of the public health benefit. The NNT is defined as the number of people that need to be treated to prevent one event. RESULTS Treatment of dyslipidemia in persons with multiple atherosclerosis risk factors alone, ie, primary prevention, was effective in preventing myocardial infarction and all-cause death. In six trials of primary prevention, excluding the British cooperative trial using clofibrate, the NNT was 53 to prevent a nonfatal MI and 190 to prevent all-cause death (4.8 years treatment with total cholesterol reduction of 15%). Treatment of dyslipidemia in people with known atherosclerosis, ie, secondary and tertiary prevention, was also effective in preventing myocardial infarctions and death from all causes. For 23 trials of secondary and tertiary prevention, the NNT was 37 to prevent death from any cause (4.9 years treatment with total cholesterol reduction of 18%). In the trials with quantitative angiography, the NNT was 7 to prevent progression of coronary atherosclerosis and 10 to induce regression of coronary atherosclerosis (2.5 years treatment with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction of 28%). Similar benefits were observed in those trials employing HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Benefits may be similar with niacin or dietary therapy, but these therapies did not reach significance in all categories of benefits, potentially due to beta error. These treatment benefits are comparable to other secondary prevention measures such as aspirin or beta blockers. The benefits appeared to extend to persons over 65, with less clearly defined benefits for women. CONCLUSIONS These results support the overall clinical benefit of treating dyslipidemia, both in persons with and without known atherosclerosis.
Tumor response assessment using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with liver metastases treated with Aurora A and TORC1/2 inhibitors.

e14573Background: Commonly used radiological end-points in oncology are based on lesion size and lack sensitivity when monitoring response to molecular targeted therapies. The goal of this study wa...
The Pareto Rule in Marketing Revisited

In a recent paper, Kim, Singh, and Winer (2017) studied the Pareto rule across 22 different CPG categories. The authors found an average Pareto ratio (PR) of .73, meaning that 73% of sales came from the top 20% of customers. In this paper, we use a unique dataset of 339 publicly-traded non-CPG companies to see whether/when the Kim et.al. result holds. We have additional data on these companies, including whether they are product or service companies, whether they sell to customers on a subscription or non-subscription basis, financial and industry information, and summaries of customer purchase behavior. We find that the overall average PR is .67 with product companies having a ratio of .67, and service companies, .66. We find that non-subscription businesses have a PR of .68, substantially higher than that of subscription businesses at .59. We estimate the correlates of PR by industry and other factors. Preliminary results show much higher PRs for profits than sales.
Demystifying Microglia: And Now the Work Begins.

Microglia actively shape the developing brain, but their transcriptional diversity is not well understood. Complementary studies by Hammond et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2019) characterize the microglial transcriptome at single cell resolution, highlighting their diversity during development, aging, and pathology.
Some new linear codes from skew cyclic codes and computer algebra challenges

One of the main problems of coding theory is to construct codes with best possible parameters. Cyclic codes and their various generalizations, such as quasi-twisted codes, have been a fruitful source in achieving this goal. Recently, a new generalization of cyclic codes that are known as skew cyclic codes have been introduced and some new codes obtained from this class. Unlike many other types of codes considered in algebraic coding theory, skew cyclic codes require one to work in a non-commutative ring called skew polynomial ring. In this paper, we present some new linear codes obtained from the class of skew cyclic codes and describe computational challenges in working with this class of codes.
Shoulder Risk Assessment Based on Fatigue Failure Theory

Recent studies support the notion that a fatigue failure process may be responsible for the development of MSDs, including epidemiological studies, animal studies, and in vitro testing of musculosk...
Discerning the Heart and Soul of Public Sociology

This article tells the story forged from a research partnership among the authors and their respective organizations over two decades of partnership, of research practiced in a different key than m...
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is defined by a shift in the serum lipidome resulting in dysregulation of eicosanoid immune mediators

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 10 million people worldwide with mortality exceeding half a million patients. Risk factors associated with severe disease and mortality include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.1 Clear mechanistic understanding of how these comorbidities converge to enable severe infection is lacking. Notably each of these risk factors pathologically disrupts the lipidome and this disruption may be a unifying feature of severe COVID-19.1-7 Here we provide the first in depth interrogation of lipidomic changes, including structural-lipids as well as the eicosanoids and docosanoids lipid mediators (LMs), that mark COVID-19 disease severity. Our data reveal that progression from moderate to severe disease is marked by a loss of specific immune regulatory LMs and increased pro-inflammatory species. Given the important immune regulatory role of LMs, these data provide mechanistic insight into the immune balance in COVID-19 and potential targets for therapy with currently approved pharmaceuticals.8.
Dexmedetomidine leading to profound bradycardia in a pediatric liver transplant recipient.

Dexmedetomidine, an α2 -agonist, is used in the PICU for its sedative properties as it minimally affects respiratory status. However, hemodynamic instability is one of its known side effects. There is limited published experience with its use in pediatric liver transplant. We present a case of a 9-month-old infant who received a deceased donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia and received an IV dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation starting at 20 hours post-operatively. The patient received an IV bolus of 0.08 mcg/kg followed by an increase to 1 mcg/kg/hour. She was also receiving a fentanyl infusion for sedation at the time of dexmedetomidine initiation. Approximately 3 hours after initiation, she developed bradycardia as low as 30 beats-per-minute with an associated sinus pause of 7 seconds. She was given chest compressions by the bedside nurse briefly before arousing and becoming agitated. Evaluation of other etiologies for the patient's bradycardia was unrevealing. Thus, bradycardia was attributed to dexmedetomidine therapy which was discontinued without recurrence. Hemodynamic instability, specifically bradycardia, is known to occur with dexmedetomidine administration. As this medication is primarily metabolized by the liver, its use immediately after transplantation, when liver function is still recovering, may be associated with an increased risk of side effects. Understanding risk factors for bradycardia and hemodynamic instability early after liver transplantation, particularly with dexmedetomidine, is critical to allow clinicians to identify the patients for higher risk for dexmedetomidine side effects.
COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy: Thrombosis, Hemorrhage and Mortality Rates with an Escalated-Thromboprophylaxis Strategy

Introduction: Early studies identified a prothrombotic state associated with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as a survival benefit observed with heparin use in severely ill COVID-19 patients. There is a need to clarify the incidence of thromboembolic events (TEs), as well as major hemorrhage in COVID-19 patients in the context of an escalated-dose thromboprophylaxis strategy. Methods: We conducted a single center, retrospective study of 192 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital between March 26th and May 8th 2020. Our study aimed to investigate the rates of thromboembolic events (TEs), hemorrhage and mortality of in the context of an escalated-dose thromboprophylaxis strategy implemented early in our experience with hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Results: The incidence of radiographically-confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) was 7.3% (n=14), and the rate of combined TEs was 12% (n=23). The rate of major hemorrhage was 6.3% (n=12), including one fatal CNS bleed. The overall mortality rate was 27.6% (n=53). Conclusion: The rate of VTE and overall TE was much lower than was reported in early studies, and the majority of VTEs occurred in ambulatory patients. Our data suggest that an escalated-dose thromboprophylaxis strategy may help reduce the incidence of inpatient VTEs, and that ambulatory COVID-19 patients may benefit from primary thromboprophylaxis. However, the risk of bleeding was not negligible, and must therefore be assessed on an individual and continual basis when using a more aggressive thromboprophylaxis strategy. Open in a separate window
Reason, Power, and the Enlightenment Project

The creation of a social and political order that would be based on reason and have no place for exclusion and domination was arguably the most important preoccupation of many thinkers of the Enlightenment. This project, which has been appropriately named the Enlightenment project, has been and remains one of the most important goals faced by the humanity. It has acquired particular urgency at this time when democracy is on decline and when renewed turmoil and violence pose a serious threat to the survival of our civilization. The realization of the Enlightenment project is the main focus of this work. It examines the perspective on the elimination of domination advanced by Jurgen Habermas, one of the most influential living proponents of the Enlightenment project. I argue that despite Habermas’s intentions, his perspective does not do away with exclusion and, therefore, does not resolve the problem of domination. I also outline an approach that resolves the problem of exclusion and opens a possibility for the realization of the Enlightenment project.
Cooperative Learning Strategies for Building Relationship Skills in Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Cooperative group activities in classrooms provide an opportunity for children to learn and demonstrate relationship skills, particularly when clear expectations and explicit instruction are provid...
The Roberts Court and the Transformation of Constitutional Protections for Religion: A Statistical Portrait

The Roberts Court has ruled in favor of religious organizations far more frequently than its predecessors—over 81% of the time, compared to about 50% for all previous eras since 1953. In most of these cases, the winning religion was a mainstream Christian organization, whereas in the past pro-religion outcomes more frequently favored minority or marginal religious organizations. A statistical analysis suggests that this transformation is largely the result of changes in the Court’s personnel: a majority of Roberts Court justices are ideologically conservative and religiously devout—a significant break from the past. We also explore other possible explanations.
Delirium and Organic Psychosis

Delirium is a syndrome of abnormal mental function characterized by apprehension progressing to panic, confusion to disorientation, and misinterpretation of sounds to frank hallucinations. Usually present are abnormal movements such as tremor, twitches, and jerks. Epileptic seizures can occur. Table I summarizes the clinical symptomatology that defines the syndrome.
Referral of elders for alcohol treatment

The incidence of alcoholism is on the rise among older people, and an increasing proportion of these individuals are unrecognized and neglected. Since health care professionals such as physicians and nurses are responsible for identifying and referring older individuals for treatment, this study examined medical (N = 203) and nursing (N = 120) students' propensity to refer elderly patients for alcohol treatment. Among medical and nursing students, we examined whether the number of geriatric alcohol education hours and factual knowledge toward the elderly influenced their referral rate. We found that medical students as compared to nursing students have more factual knowledge toward the elderly, have completed more hours of geriatric alcohol education, and are more likely to refer older individuals for alcohol treatment. Additionally, for both medical and nursing students, hours of geriatric alcohol education is a significant predictor of the rate of referral for alcohol treatment. We discuss the implicati...
The dynamics of a seismic wave field: Animation and analysis of kinematic GPS data recorded during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Japan

[1] During rupture, earthquakes induce permanent and dynamic ground displacements that can be measured by GPS. More than 1200 continuous GPS stations distributed throughout Japan recorded the displacements due to the March 11, 2011, Mw9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake. We animate these data, which shows the growth of the earthquake rupture over time and illustrates differences of earthquake magnitude through two smaller aftershocks. We also identify dynamic ground motion due to S-waves (body waves), Love waves and Rayleigh waves (surface waves) in this data set. Real time availability of such displacements could be of great use in earthquake response and tsunami warning, and to some degree in earthquake early warning. We find that the length of the ruptured fault can be approximated from displacements which could allow rapid identification of areas prone to large aftershocks. We outline a method that integrates real time displacements into an earthquake alarm system. The animated displacements in map view are easily understandable by specialists and non-specialists alike and hence provide a valuable education and outreach tool.
The Trojan Horse: How the Declaratory Judgment Act Created a Cause of Action and Expanded Federal Jurisdiction While the Supreme Court Wasn't Looking

The Supreme Court's efforts to define the contours of federal question jurisdiction in declaratory judgment cases have not been coherent. The Court has interpreted the federal Declaratory Judgment Act to be procedural only, and therefore without jurisdictional effect. The result is that parties seeking a declaratory judgment may present a well-pleaded, substantial federal question in their complaints only to be thrown out on jurisdictional grounds. This article demonstrates that the Court's procedural-only view of the Act frustrates congressional intent and is neither analytically sound nor practical. The Court's assumptions about the jurisdictional import of the Act find no support in the legislative history, rendering the Court's approach to declaratory judgment cases in direct conflict with Congress's intentions. The solution is to give the Act the full jurisdictional import that Congress intended it to have.
The Challenges of Understanding Exotic Nuclei

The opportunities for the study of exotic nuclei are discussed with emphasis on structural evolution. In particular, the concept of critical point nuclei in phase transitional regions, experimental evidence for them, their theoretical description, and the role of exotic nuclei in their further study will be discussed.
Automation and statistical process control of a single wafer etcher in a manufacturing environment

Etch processing equipment has become increasingly complicated and precise etch control has become more critical as device geometry shrinks. To meet this challenge, internal microprocessors are currently used to control wafer handling, lot and wafer logistics, processing and process control, and maintenance functions. Recently, external systems have been developed to provide additional monitoring and control capabilities. This paper addresses the automation of a single wafer etch platform that can be used for polysilicon, oxide, or metal etching. In addition to the main processing chamber, the vacuum load locks can be configured for pre-etch or post-etch processes. The system microprocessor and existing SECS II software package make the tool a good candidate for external automation and statistical process control (ASPC). This paper will discuss two automation packages currently in use at Motorola's MOS6 wafer fab. The first automation package is a family of diagnostic and planned maintenance (PM) tools that interface with the etcher. The automation tools perform real time statistical process control on the wafers as they are processed. The second tool used for ASPC is the Cell Controller. The Cell Controller is a local recipe management system used to download recipes and recipe information to the etcher. A description of the software tools and the implementation in manufacturing will be presented. Techniques used for problem identification, troubleshooting and the status of the project are discussed.
The Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) and Other Learning Models

This paper surveys some recent theoretical results on the efficiency of machine learning algorithms. The main tool described is the notion of Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning, introduced by Valiant. We define this learning model and then look at some of the results obtained in it. We then consider some criticisms of the PAC model and the extensions proposed to address these criticisms. Finally, we look briefly at other models recently proposed in computational learning theory.
METAL EXTRACTION BY ALKYL SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. PART 3. P,P′;-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ETHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID SOLVENT EXTRACTION STUDY*

ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing investigation of the properties of dialkyl substituted diphosphonic acids as solvent extraction reagents for metal cations, we have studied the extraction of alkaline earth cations, Fe(III) and representative actinides (Am(III), U(VI) and Th(IV)) at tracer concentration levels by o-xylene solutions of P,P′-di(2-ethylhexyl) ethanediphosphonic acid, H2DEH[EDP]. The extractant and acid dependencies of these metal ions were determined by measuring their distribution ratio as a function of the concentrations of H2DEH[EDP] and aqueous nitric acid. From an analysis of the extractant dependencies, a micellar extraction process has been proposed for the alkaline earth cations, Am(III), and, under some conditions, for U(VI). The hydrated metal cations are transferred into the hydrophilic internal cavity of the hexameric extractant aggregate with simultaneous release of H+ ions to compensate for the cation charge. With Fe(DI), variable slopes were measured for the extractant dependenci...
Isolated Double Perfusion of the Liver in the Study of the Reticulo-endothelial System

THERE is still disagreement about whether reticulo-endothelial function depends on a serum factor1–3. There is substantial evidence that in certain mammals, especially the rat, “reticulo-endothelial phagocytosis” requires the participation of a serum factor for certain colloids. In this species, blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system can be attributed to depletion of a serum factor, perhaps antibody or a complement component. By contrast, in the rabbit, reticulo-endothelial blockade can occur independent of serum factors4, and experimental agammaglobulinaemia in the chicken is not associated with any deficiency of reticulo-endothelial clearance in vivo5. Until now, however, no critical evidence has been presented about the exact nature of the serum factor operating in the rat system or the nature of the blockade in animals not requiring the serum factor.
The Superiority of the Two-Point Correlation Function Over the Nearest Neighbor Analysis as a Test for Gamma-Ray Burst Repetition

The locations of most gamma-ray bursts are known only to several degrees. As a consequence, to detect repeated outbursts from gamma-ray burst sources in the largest gamma-ray burst catalogs, one must apply statistical tests for clustering. I show that the two-point correlation function is superior to the nearest neighbor test for detecting repetition whenever the average angle of separation between bursts in the sample is larger than the location error. The two-point correlation function is particularly sensitive to repeating sources that each produce a large number of observed gamma-ray bursts. The effects of Earth blockage and the disabling of the burst trigger are examined, and the ability of different repetition models to produce an observable repetition signal is calculated. I show that only a large number of repetitions per source can produce an observable signal, which underscores the strength of the two-point correlation function as a test of burst repetition. From these results, one must conclude that the deviation from isotropy found in the BATSE 1B catalog with the nearest neighbor test is a statistical fluctuation, and not a manifestation of burst repetition.
Repairing a "broken heart" with hormone replacement therapy: case report of cardiogenic shock due to undiagnosed pituitary insufficiency.

Objectives: To indicate cardiogenic shock as a very rare but serious clinical consequence of untreated panhypopituitarism attributable to Sheehan syndrome; to emphasize the importance of eliciting a detailed endocrine and obstetric history in women presenting with idiopathic heart failure; to highlight the diagnostic shortcomings of screening for thyroid dysfunction solely with thyroid-stimulating hormone determinations; and to report the reversibility of severe heart failure induced by long-term pituitary insufficiency.Methods: Described is a case report of a 35-year-old woman who presented with severe congestive heart failure, hypotension, and confusion. Her 2-dimensional echocardiogram revealed appreciable systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In screening for possible endocrine causes of heart failure, a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 0.72 mIU/L (reference range, 0.35 to 5.5) was unremarkable; however, a profoundly low free thyroxine level of 0.12 ng/dL (reference range, 0.9 to 1.8) led cli...
Adjustable Respiratory Mechanical Parameters Lung System for Medical Patient Simulator

A lung simulator utilizing flow track to simulate spontaneous breathing is presented as an alternative to the existed lung system in the medical patient simulator. The hardware of simulator is similar and updated from Meka’s paper. The existing lung system can be divided into two main types. One is traditional bellows driven mechanical lung system, the other is bellow-less lung simulator driven by carinal pressure that to be controlled. Our lung simulator is upgraded from bellow-less simulator. The research focus on the flow pattern the lung simulator generated which can image the lung mechanical factors directly. The flow pattern of the lung simulator is modeled by transfer function combined with respiratory muscle pressure, which is the target that the bellow-less lung simulator to track. The target flow pattern is tracked by PID algorithm widely used in automation filed and realized by Control Design and Simulation module in LabVIEW. We simulate the normal respiratory motion by flow track in this study. The pathology breath flow can be simulated by change of resistance, compliance or muscle pressure, which is easy to adjust in the LabVIEW program.
Image-guided helical Tomotherapy for treatment of spine tumors

Abstract Objectives One of the most common indications for radiotherapy is treatment of the spine. The vast majority of cases are related to metastatic disease with primary tumors of the spine being rare. Conventional radiation therapy often plays an important role in the management of spine tumors although at times with significant side effects and disadvantages. Furthermore, retreatment of spine tumors is a challenge due to concerns over spinal cord toxicity. In this series, we examine the efficacy of using image-guided helical Tomotherapy and the possible advantages offered by this new technology. Patients and methods Eight patients at Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian were treated between November 2005 and November 2006. The median age was 66 years. Of the eight patients, seven had metastatic disease with one patient having a primary neuroendocrine tumor of the spine. Five patients were previously treated to the spine with conventional radiation planning. Two patients received single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (15 Gy) while the remaining patients received hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy to a median total dose of 2500 cGy in 500 cGy fractions. Results At the time of last follow-up, radiographic control was seen in all eight patients with a median local control rate of 2.5 months (range of 1–5.8 months). Four of the eight patients are still alive with median overall survival of 5.1 months (range 1.4–6.9 months). Acute toxicity ranged from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) score 0–2 and no patients experienced late complications of radiation myelitis. Conclusions The TomoTherapy Hi-ART system can be an alternative treatment option for upfront or retreatment of spine tumors. Minimal acute and late toxicity were seen in patients treated with Tomotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiation delivery combined with megavoltage CT image guidance offered by the TomoTherapy Hi-ART system allows for set-up and delivery accuracy that is required for stereotactic treatment of spine tumors and eliminates the need for any internal or external fiducial marker placement.
The role of gravity wave generated advection and diffusion in transport of tracers in the mesosphere

The roles of advection and turbulent diffusion in controlling tracer transport in the meridional plane of the mesosphere are compared using a version of the global primitive equation model for the middle atmosphere developed by Holton and Wehrbein (1980). The results of model sensitivity tests demonstrated that transport in the mesosphere for long-lived species with large-scale heights, such as H2O, CO, and NO(x), is primarily an advective process; on a global scale, small-scale turbulent diffusion produced by gravity wave breaking plays a secondary role. It is concluded that, for such tracers, the eddy diffusion coefficient used in one-dimensional chemical models of the mesosphere should be regarded as a parameterization of the transport by the meridional circulation, not as a parameterization of mixing by small-scale diffusion.
The P-wave upper mantle structure beneath an active spreading centre: the Gulf of California

Detailed analysis of short period travel time, and waveform data reveals the upper mantle structure beneath an oceanic ridge to depths of 900 km. More than 1400 digital seismograms from earthquakes in Mexico and central America recorded at SCARLET yield 1753 travel times and 58 direct measurements of short period travel time as well as high quality, stable waveforms. The 29 events combine to form a continuous record section from 9 deg to 40 deg with an average station spacing of less than 5 km. First the travel times are inverted. Further constraints arise from the observed relative amplitudes of mantle phases, which are modeled by trial and error.
Microscopy is Only Skin Deep

Light optical imaging techniques that don't require labels are attractive for human studies because they are not toxic nor do they perturb the system being studied. Whereas there are several methods available to provide microscopic imaging below the surface of a tissue, they each suffer from limitations, such as low spatiotemporal resolution and a limited number of molecular signatures that can be imaged. Raman spectroscopy offers label-free contrast for major chemical species in tissue, such as water, lipids, DNA, and proteins based on vibrational spectra at light optical wavelengths. However, the Raman signal is very weak, which makes it difficult to image a sample with good temporal resolution. The recent development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy can overcome these limitations as demonstrated by the elegant studies of Brian Saar, Christian Freudiger, Jay Reichman, Michael Stanley, Gary Holton, and Sunney Xie. Saar et al. improved the optics and electronics for the acquisition of the backscattered signal of SRS. In SRS microscopy, the sample is excited by two lasers at different frequencies. When the difference in frequency matches a molecular vibration in the sample, the intensities of the probes change in a predictable manner. These intensity changes are small, but Saar et al. developed a new method to detect them. They chopped one of the laser beams at high frequency (MHz) and detected the intensity change in the other beam, which offered superior sensitivity. The key component was a custom-made all-analog lock-in amplifier with a very short (about 100 ns) response time. The laser probe wavelengths were tuned to match a vibrational frequency of interest and raster-scanned across the sample. Frequencies were tuned to detect CH2 stretching (primarily for lipids), OH stretching (primarily water), and CH3 stretching (primarily proteins) vibrations. Imaging of water is of particular interest in studying the transport of water-soluble compounds such as drugs.
EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON CHROMOSOMES OF CULTURED HUMAN LEUCOCYTES.

PENICILLIN and streptomycin have been commonly added to growth media used in the culture of human leucocytes for cytogenetic analysis. Since the literature on human cytogenetics is increasing rapidly, largely through the use of these techniques, it seemed appropriate to examine any possible cytological effects of antibiotics per se on cultured human leucocyte chromosomes or on the mitotic index.
Excimer emission from dibenzofuran and substituted fluorenes

Abstract The concentration- and temperature-dependent emission quantum yields of four new excimer-forming compounds - 1-methylfluorene, 2-fluorofluorene, 2-methoxyfluorene, and dibenzofuran - were examined. The photokinetic analysis of the fluorescence data allowed approximate evaluation of the enthalpies and entropies of photoassociation, monomer-excimer equilibrium constants, and the repulsive potential energies.
Sunspot bright rings and the thermal diffusivity of solar convection

We have used the 512 channel diode array and vacuum telescope at KPNO to study the photospheric intensity distribution around sunspots, for comparison with isotherms predicted by convective blocking models of heat flow. Raster scan observations of 10 spots on 18 days were carried out in 1980 and 1981. Continuum passbands of 0.25 A width were selected to avoid contamination by weak Fraunhofer lines, whose strength is sensitive to the presence of magnetic faculae often found near spots. Our observations show no evidence of extended bright rings around the spots at the level of 1–2%, as reported in one recent study using photographic photometry and much wider passbands. But 6 of the 10 spots we measured show marginally significant (2–3σ) bright rings of peak amplitude 0.1–0.3%. We are not able to explain these rings as a result of either residual facular signal, or instrumental effects. The excess radiative flux in these rings is small compared to the missing flux in the spot umbra and penumbra. We compare the brightness of the observed rings with peak brightnesses calculated from models of heat flow around spots of various depths and radii. Even if the spot is assumed to be unrealistically shallow, a detectable bright ring requires that the effective thermal conductivity (and/or its depth gradient) in layers surrounding the spot be significantly lower than the values indicated by mixing length models of the solar convection zone.
Experimental Demonstration of Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Metamaterial Optical Cavities

Here we demonstrate deep-subwavelength metamaterial optical cavities with anomalous scaling laws, by incorporating indefinite metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion. Cavities with sizes down to ~ λ/12 and high effective refractive index of 17.4 are realized.
Abstract LB-357: Notch and PIAS3 differentially regulate sumoylation of GFI1 to modulate transcriptional repression.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The zinc-finger (ZF) transcriptional repressor, Growth factor independence (GFI)-1, is a master regulator of lineage allocation in hematopoietic, aerodigestive tract and central nervous system development. Gfi1 is necessary for T-lymphopoiesis following Notch activation, while Notch-driven T-cell leukemia/lymphoma requires Gfi1 to maintain a malignant phenotype. Granulopoiesis also requires Gfi1, and Gfi1 mutations cause severe congenital neutropenia. GFI1 shares near invariant SNAG and ZF domains with its paralog, GFI1B, at their N- and C-termini, respectively. These conserved regions confer comparable DNA binding and transcriptional repression abilities to both proteins, yet Gfi1b specifies erythroid and megakaryocytic fates and is often abundantly expressed in myeloid leukemias. A non-homologous linker separates SNAG and ZF domains in GFI proteins. We hypothesized Notch dependence on GFI1 in normal and malignant T-lymphopoiesis arises from interactions and post-translational modifications occurring uniquely within its linker region. We show the GFI1 linker contains a type-I sumoylation consensus motif centered on K239 that is absolutely conserved among mammalian GFI1 proteins but absent from GFI1B. GFI1 is sumoylated on K239, and arginine substitution (K239R) abolishes modification by ubiquitin family proteins. We confirm GFI1 binds the E3 sumo ligase, PIAS3, and extend this observation to mammalian cells. The binding interface includes the PIAS3 RING domain and a subdomain within the GFI1 linker that contains the sumoylation consensus motif. Transcriptional repression by GFI1 is impaired by PIAS3 co-expression. GFI1-K239R resists this effect of PIAS3, and its half-life is prolonged 3-fold over wild type GFI1. These data suggested GFI1 sumoylation and turnover limit its functions in transcriptional control, and that responses dependent upon GFI1 might alter sumoylation to reinforce GFI1 functions. To explore this notion, we leveraged the dependence of Notch on GFI1. We show that Notch intracellular domain (NICD) expression blocks GFI1 sumoylation and reverses the inhibitory effect of PIAS3 on GFI1-mediated transcriptional repression. Moreover, NICD binds the GFI1 linker and competes with PIAS3 for GFI1 binding. These results define an oppositional relationship between NICD and PIAS3 in GFI1 sumoylation and transcription, and intimate a post-translational mechanism by which Notch signaling supports GFI1 functions in normal and malignant T-lymphopoiesis. Citation Format: Daniel Andrade, Jason Singer, Diana Bareyan, David McClellan, Helena Lucente, Mahesh Chandrasekharan, Michael E. Engel. Notch and PIAS3 differentially regulate sumoylation of GFI1 to modulate transcriptional repression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-357. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-357
Novel plasma chemistries for highly selective dry etching of InxGaN1-x:BI3 and BBr3

Abstract There is increasing need for dry etching chemistries with high selectivity for one nitride over another. In high power nitride-based electronic devices, selective removal of InN or InGaN contact layers in HEMTs or HFETs, or base layers in HBTs under low damage condition is necessary. Two new plasma chemistries, BI 3 and BBr 3 are found to produce maximum etch selectivities of ca. 100 for InN over GaN and AlN in ICP discharges, due to the relatively high volatility of InI 3 and InBr 3 etch products. Surface morphology of the etched nitrides is found to depend on plasma composition, chuck power and source power, but root-mean-square roughness similar to the as-grown materials are obtained over a wide range of etching conditions.
Universal features of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquids.

A few years ago it was shown that some systems that have very similar local structure, as quantified by the pair correlation function, exhibit vastly different slowing down upon supercooling. Recently, a more subtle structural quantity, the so-called ``point-to-set'' length, was found to reliably correlate with the average dynamics. Here we use computer simulations to examine the behavior of fluctuations around the average dynamics, i.e., dynamic heterogeneity. We study five model glass-forming liquids: three model liquids used in previous works and two additional model liquids with finite range interactions. Some of these systems have very similar local structure but vastly different dynamics. We show that for all these systems the spatial extent and the anisotropy of dynamic heterogeneity have the same correlation with the average dynamics. This result complements a recent experimental finding of a universal correlation between the number of correlated particles and the apparent activation enthalpy.
Visually Stimulated Erection in Castrated Men

Sexual interest and activity decrease following castration. We determined by objective criteria the erectile status of 16 men who were sexually active before castration for prostatic cancer. Castration was achieved by orchiectomy or hormonal manipulation. Patients answered a questionnaire regarding the medical status and erectile function before and after castration, and the blood level of testosterone was assessed. During viewing of an erotic videotape penile circumference and erection quality were monitored. Four patients (25%) achieved functional erection. Mean serum free testosterone levels in men who achieved erection were 1.125 +/- 0.362 pg./ml. (standard deviation) and 0.628 +/- 0.098 pg./ml. in those not achieving functional erection (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was noted in age, interval since castration, co-morbidity score or method of castration between the men who did and did not achieve erection.
Relationship of Finishes and Wood Care Products to Color Change of Wood Surfaces After Exposure to Interior Daylight

Color change can occur in the wood surface materials used in today's interiors with exposure to interior daylight. The objective of this research was to examine the color change of red oak after exposure to interior daylight in order to determine if control of color change is possible through application of a finish and/or wood care product. Results of the one year study indicated 1) no wood finishes tested prevented significant color change after exposure to interior daylight: and 2) no wood care product protected all finishes from significant additional color change (beyond that related to exposure). Therefore, the wood finish should be considered when specifying a wood care product to control color change due to exposure to interior daylight.