cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Discipline: Examination of the Profession of Gerontology and Gerontological Professionals

By Tracey Gendron, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: E. Ayn Welleford, Ph.D. and Barbara J. Myers, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Chair, Gerontology Associate Professor and Director of the Developmental Program, Department of Psychology The growth of the aging population has warranted increased training and education to prepare professionals with the specific knowledge needed to best serve older adults. Gerontology, as an academic discipline, provides professionals with the conceptual knowledge and the skills necessary to address the complexities of working with a diverse aging population. Little research has been done of the characteristics of professionals both with and without formal education in gerontology that are working with the aging population. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of career motivation, job satisfaction, attitudes about aging, career commitment, and professional identity among those working with older adults. An exploration of the characteristics of gerontological professionals has implications for the development of best practice approaches in student and staff recruitment, retention, curriculum design, and training practices. Participants were recruited from volunteers invited from a convenience sample of approximately 7,000 members signed up to receive emails from the Department of Gerontology at a Southeastern University, and a snowball approach with the link to the survey being distributed by various organizations and institutions (e.g., assisted living facilities, Southern Gerontological Society, Therapeutic Recreation Association). Professionals’ age and job satisfaction significantly predicted professional identity. Participants’ career motivation, job satisfaction, and exposure to formal gerontological education (MSE) significantly predicted career commitment. Self-identified professional identity in aging groups did not moderate the relationship between MSE predictors and career commitment. However, aging anxiety mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and career commitment. Finally, age and higher perception of the value of teamwork predicted both level of professional identity and job satisfaction. This study sheds lights on perspectives of professionals working with older adults and highlights areas for future research and training with this population.
A stepwise interpretable machine learning framework using linear regression (LR) and long short-term memory (LSTM): City-wide demand-side prediction of yellow taxi and for-hire vehicle (FHV) service

Abstract As app-based ride-hailing services have been widely adopted within existing traditional taxi markets, researchers have been devoted to understand the important factors that influence the demand of the new mobility. Econometric models (EMs) are mainly utilized to interpret the significant factors of the demand, and deep neural networks (DNNs) have been recently used to improve the forecasting performance by capturing complex patterns in the large datasets. However, to mitigate possible (induced) traffic congestion and balance utilization rates for the current taxi drivers, an effective strategy of proactively managing a quota system for both emerging services and regular taxis is still critically needed. This paper aims to systematically design an explainable deep learning model capable of assessing the quota system balancing the demand volumes between two modes. A two-stage interpretable machine learning modeling framework was developed by a linear regression (LR) model, coupled with a neural network layered by long short-term memory (LSTM). The first stage investigates the correlation between the existing taxis and on-demand ride-hailing services while controlling for other explanatory variables. The second stage fulfills the long short-term memory (LSTM) network structure, capturing the residuals from the first estimation stage in order to enhance the forecasting performance. The proposed stepwise modeling approach (LR-LSTM) forecasts the demand of taxi rides, and it is implemented in the application of pick-up demand prediction using New York City (NYC) taxi data. The experiment result indicates that the integrated model can capture the inter-relationships between existing taxis and ride-hailing services as well as identify the influence of additional factors, namely, the day of the week, weather, and holidays. Overall, this modeling approach can be applied to construct an effective active demand management (ADM) for the short-term period as well as a quota control strategy between on-demand ride-hailing services and traditional taxis.
Late onset of pulmonary hypertension in very low birth weight infants.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a recognized complication of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Recent guidelines recommend evaluating all infants with BPD for PH via echocardiogram, but the specific...
On the discrepancies between the experimental realization and the thermodynamic predictions of stability of rhombohedral boron nitride

Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations were performed to generate diagrams indicating the phase fields wherein either hexagonal or rhombohedral films of boron nitride can be deposited via chemical vapor deposition as a function of temperature, choice of B-source, and N/B ratio derived from NH3 and the B-source. Similar diagrams calculated using experimental conditions employed by groups who have synthesized r-BN films revealed that both in experiment and equilibrium, the choice of B-source strongly affects the size of the single-phase field for r-BN and, in general, deposition of r-BN can be realized at temperatures more than 100°C below that predicted by equilibria.
Hybrid pedestrian and transit priority zoning policies in an urban street network: Evaluating network traffic flow impacts with analytical approximation

Abstract Pedestrianized zones are becoming an increasingly popular policy tool for cities seeking to improve “walkability”, “livability”, and reduce congestion in the urban center by prohibiting automobiles from entering a designated zone. However, pedestrianized zones can be inappropriately implemented in locations without justifiable congestion or sufficient transit alternatives. For mixed-traffic transit (e.g., bus and light-rail streetcars), the lack of reasonable transit alternatives is an issue further compounded by the traffic congestion generated from diverted driving trips concentrated around the pedestrianized zone, inadvertently slowing down both automobile traffic and mixed-traffic transit in tandem. Alternatively, to mitigate the traffic congestion impact on transit, policy makers can also designate a “transit priority” zone around the pedestrian zone, where transit is unimpeded by congestion either through transit signal priority, dedicated lanes, or both. This ensures transit provides a consistent travel alternative as congestion varies, creating a stable demand equilibrium that would otherwise be suppressed by congestion. While such a solution has been proposed in advocacy, no research has explored such a combined policy in analytical terms. This research explores the potential complementary benefits and optimal sizing of pedestrianization and transit priority zones through analytical evaluation in an idealized rectilinear city. The model is intended to provide insights regarding traffic impacts, optimal zone sizing, system capacity, and the justifiable thresholds for implementing complementary pedestrianization and transit priority zones in a city.
Dissociable contributions of phasic dopamine activity to reward and prediction.

Summary Sensory cues that precede reward acquire predictive (expected value) and incentive (drive reward-seeking action) properties. Mesolimbic dopamine neurons' responses to sensory cues correlate with both expected value and reward-seeking action. This has led to the proposal that phasic dopamine responses may be sufficient to inform value-based decisions, elicit actions, and/or induce motivational states; however, causal tests are incomplete. Here, we show that direct dopamine neuron stimulation, both calibrated to physiological and greater intensities, at the time of reward can be sufficient to induce and maintain reward seeking (reinforcing) although replacement of a cue with stimulation is insufficient to induce reward seeking or act as an informative cue. Stimulation of descending cortical inputs, one synapse upstream, are sufficient for reinforcement and cues to future reward. Thus, physiological activation of mesolimbic dopamine neurons can be sufficient for reinforcing properties of reward without being sufficient for the predictive and incentive properties of cues.
Radiation Effects on Human Populations

Radiation epidemiology, the science of the effects of ionizing radiations on humans, is subject to limitations. There have been many studies of the effects of radiation exposures, but the effect probability at low doses of principal interest is poorly, if at all, known because of statistically inadequate data. This is the case even for the largest group, the Japanese A-bomb survivors, where there remain additional uncertainties about the dosimetry and about the increase of effectiveness of (essentially) instantaneous irradiation, relative to the more common chronic exposures.
Fundamentals of Crash Sensing in Automotive Air Bag Systems

Fundamentals of Crash Sensing in Automotive Air Bag Systems provides a sound introduction for engineers designing air bag systems, accident reconstructionists, litigation professionals, managers, government employees, and anyone involved with automotive safety. Drawing upon the wisdom of many pioneers in the field, Chan presents a clear explanation of automotive air bag sensors using easy-to-read charts, tables, and figures. The book also includes a glossary of terms, and exercises for further study.
Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America by Erika Doss

(2011). Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America by Erika Doss. Design and Culture: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 255-257.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND SURFACE WATER FLOW ON DISTRIBUTION OF THE SEA SNAKE PELAMIS1

The pelagic yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus is a surface feeder which apparently drifts passively with surface currents. In areas of horizontally convergent surface water flows, hundreds or even thousands of Pelamis are concentrated in slicks, apparently characteristic members of a community of organisms associated with slicks. The distribution of Pelamb in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans is correlated with surface water temperatures; colonization of the Atlantic Ocean has likely been prevented by low surface temperatures off the tips of South Africa and South America. Breeding populations apparently occur only in areas in which mean monthly temperatures exceed 20C. The upper lethal temperature of Pelamis is about 33C. Thermoregulatory diving may be a mechanism of avoiding heat death in tropical seas where surface water temperatures reach 31C and insolation is intense. Pelamis can survive in freshwater for periods longer than 6 months.
Structural Complexity Theory: recent Surprises

This paper reviews the impact of some recent results on the research paradigms in structural complexity theory.
Peptide and Non‐Peptide Combinatorial Libraries

The field of combinatorial peptide chemistry was created when the first limited peptide library was synthesized with multipin technology in 1984. Since 1990, the field of combinatorial chemistry has advanced rapidly. It has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of many biological systems. In essence, a combinatorial peptide library (numbering 104–108 different molecules) is chemically synthesized and subjected to screening for biological activity. Such screening allows for the rapid discovery of peptide ligands with biological interest. The amino acid sequence of an “active” peptide is then determined. Other biologic peptide libraries, such as those involving filamentous phage-display peptides, can typically accommodate only the 20 natural amino acids. In contrast, synthetic peptide libraries have the potential to incorporate d-amino acids and other unnatural amino acids, as well as specific secondary structures or scaffolding structures that may enhance biologic activity. In addition to amino acids, biological subunits such as monosaccharides, nucleotides, lipids, or even small organic moieties can be used. The advent of these peptide, nonpeptide oligomer, or small molecule library methods not only facilitates the drug discovery process but also provides important information for the fundamental understanding of molecular recognition. Keywords: Acceptor Molecule; Amino Acid; Combinatorial Peptide Library; Combinatorial Nonpeptide Oligomer Library; Combinatorial Small Molecule Library; Motif; Peptide
Solubility of metallic-salt in acid nutrients in acid fertilizer solutions of urea phosphate, urea sulfate and urea nitrate

Solubilities of individual metallic-salt micronutrients were determined at 0°C in saturated acid fertilizer solutions of urea phosphate, urea sulfate, and urea nitrate. By using the acid pH mechanism, less expensive metallic salts can be used with drip irrigation applications to supply specific micronutrient needs to crops.
Use and misuse of levels of analysis in leadership research: An illustrative review of leader–member exchange

Abstract Prior reviews have focused on if leadership literature pays homage to levels of analysis; our purpose is to take stock of how well and in what ways levels issues are implemented in theory and hypotheses formulation, construct conceptualization, measurement, and data analysis. To illustrate these notions, we provide an in-depth review of 163 multi-level empirical leader–member exchange (LMX) and vertical dyad linkage (VDL) studies published between 1972 and 2012. Our findings indicate that the volume of multi-level studies in LMX has drastically increased recently and the majority of these studies cast theory and hypotheses at the same level. With regard to alignment of levels of theory/hypotheses with measurement and with data analyses, however, roughly one out of two published studies suffers from misalignment of levels. Most of this misalignment occurs in studies where the dyad level of analysis, a key component of LMX, is an explicit or implicit focus. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for the LMX literature, and present recommendations to guide multi-level leadership research.
From instructional systems design to managing the life cycle of knowledge in organizations

This article describes a framework for managing the life cycle of knowledge in organizations. The framework emerges from years of work with the laboratories and facilities that are under the direction of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The article begins by describing the instructional systems design (ISD) process and how it is used to identify instructional content. This is followed by discussion of how an organizational intervention delivered by instructional systems design typically is a piecemeal approach to managing the knowledge of the organization. Next, a framework for managing the life cycle of knowledge in organizations is introduced, where the theoretical foundation for the framework, the Collaborative Cognition Model, is described. Afterwards, the other aspects of the framework—including the types of knowledge, types of learners, and reusing and repurposing organizational knowledge—are detailed. Finally, a discussion section presents the framework and future directions for enhancing and extending the framework.
Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning

Abstract A Personal Learning Environment or PLE is a potentially promising pedagogical approach for both integrating formal and informal learning using social media and supporting student self-regulated learning in higher education contexts. The purpose of this paper is to (a) review research that support this claim, (b) conceptualize the connection between PLE, social media, and self-regulated learning, and (c) provide a three-level pedagogical framework for using social media to create PLEs that support student self-regulated learning. Implications for future research in this area are provided.
Prevention of trauma-induced neurodegeneration in infant rat brain.

Recent evidence implicates the endogenous excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate (Glu) and aspartate, in the pathophysiology of traumatic injury in the adult CNS, but it is not known whether similar excitotoxic mechanisms mediate traumatic injury in the immature CNS. Therefore, we developed a model of brain contusion injury in infant rats and used this model to study the nature and evolution of the acute cytopathologic changes and to evaluate the ability of Glu receptor antagonists to protect the immature brain against such changes. Seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to contusion injury and were killed 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h later for histologic evaluation of the brain. Physical tearing of the dura and minor disruption of underlying brain tissue was noted at 0 h. At 30 min a discrete zone of neuronal necrosis began to appear at the border of the trauma site; this zone progressively expanded over a period of 4 h. The cytopathologic changes closely resembled the type of changes Glu is known to cause; these changes consisted of swollen dendrites, degenerating neurons with pyknotic nuclei and markedly swollen cytoplasm, and dark cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. The noncompetitiveN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, dizocilpine maleate, when administered 30 min before or 1 h after trauma, significantly attenuated the lesion. The competitive NMDA antagonist, 3-((-2)-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate, was also neuroprotective. Theα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate/kainate receptor antagonist 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline did not significantly suppress the lesion when given as three treatments (30 mg/kg each) 30 min before plus 15 and 75 min after the insult. These findings suggest that traumatic injury in the infant rat brain is mediated by endogenous excitotoxins (Glu and aspartate) acting at NMDA receptors and can be substantially mitigated by timely treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists.
Message error analysis of loopy belief propagation

The loopy belief propagation algorithm (LBP) is known to perform extremely well in many practical problems of probability inference and learning on graphical models, even in presence of multiple loops. Although general necessary conditions for convergence of LBP to a unique fixed point solution are still unknown, various techniques have been explored to understand error propagation when LBP fails to converge. In this paper, we rely on the contractive mapping of message errors to present novel distance bounds between multiple fixed point solutions when LBP does not converge. We give examples of networks where our bounds are tighter than existing ones.
PEDB: the Prostate Expression Database

The Prostate Expression Database (PEDB) is a curated relational database and suite of analysis tools designed for the study of prostate gene expression in normal and disease states. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and full-length cDNA sequences derived from more than 40 human prostate cDNA libraries are maintained and represent a wide spectrum of normal and pathological conditions. Detailed library information including tissue source, library construction methods, sequence diversity and abundance are available in a library archive. Prostate ESTs are assembled into distinct species groups using the multiple alignment program CAP2 and are annotated with information from the GenBank, dbEST and Unigene public sequence databases. Annotated sequences in PEDB are searched using the BLAST algorithm. The differential expression of each EST species can be viewed across all libraries using a Virtual Expression Analysis Tool (VEAT), a graphical user interface written in Java for intra- and inter-library species comparisons. PEDB may be accessed via the World Wide Web at http://www.mbt.washington.edu/PEDB/
High Genetic Risk for IDDM in the Pacific Northwest: First Report From the Washington State Diabetes Prediction Study

A Combination Of Immune, genetic, and metabolic markers potentially implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was studied in the general population. We screened 3,992 healthy schoolchildren, 12–18 years of age with no family history of IDDM, for islet cell antibodies (ICAs). Of the children, 69 (1.7%) were found to be ICA positive (ICA + ), of whom 7 (0.17%) also were positive for insulin autoantibodies (lAAs). ICA + children (group 1) were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typed at the DQ locus along with 123 matched (group 2) and 235 random (group 3) control subjects (from the original cohort of 3,992). Of the ICA + children, 28 underwent β-cell function (β-CF) studies. High-risk DQ types were surprisingly prevalent in all groups with 35.8% of random control subjects carrying DQB1 * 0302 and 8.9% carrying the highest risk HLA type for IDDM, DQB1 * 0302/ * 0201. Those individuals with higher ICA titer (>19 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units [JDF U]) had a significantly higher prevalence of DQB1 * 0302 than those with lower titer ICA or normal control subjects. Six of 7 individuals positive for both ICA and IAA and typed at the DQ locus were DQB1 * 0302/ * 0201 heterozygotes or DQB1 * 0302 or DQB1 * 0201 homozygotes, representing three of the highest risk genotypes for IDDM. No correlation was observed between ICA titer or DQ type and β-CF except that all those with β-CF below the 5th percentile carried either DQB1 * 0302 or DQB1 * 0201. Prospective follow-up is underway to determine if any combination of DQ type and immune markers predicts decline in β-CF and the development of IDDM .
Fine structure of the dermal luminescent organs, photophores, in the fish, Porichthys notatus.

Photophores in Porichthys notatus consist of a cellular lens, an underlying area of photogenic tissue and a deep ensheathing reflector. Lens cells exhibit a dense compacted filamentous cytoplasm. Their processes interdigitate and desmosomes exist along their borders. The photogenic tissue, richly supplied by blood vessels, consists of two main cell types: (1) a presumed “photogenic” cell; and (2) a supportive cell. Photogenic cells are characterized by a highly vesiculated cytoplasm and peripheral microvilli. Frequently, they exhibit lamellar membranous whorls. Some whorls display cytoplasmic cores with vesicles. Many of these vesicles communicate via pores with an extracellular channel that envelops the cells. Supportive cells contain cytoplasmic filaments and extend processes around the photogenic cells. Except for isolated desmosomal contact points, a wide extracellular channel intervenes between supportive and photogenic cells. A prominent basal lamina separates supportive cells from the surrounding connective tissue. The strongly birefringent reflector is composed primarily of cells containing guanine crystals. The crystals lie stacked in groups, each membrane-bounded crystal being separated from its neighbor by an intervening layer of cytoplasm. Such an arrangement produces constructive interference and accounts for the high reflectivity of this multilayered structure. Possible relationships of the above structural features and the production of light are discussed.
A new dawn for aurora

A new type of aurora has been observed. Although similar in shape to conventional aurora, it lacks their intensity and dynamics, instead rotating quietly with the Earth.
Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages

Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is an actin-binding intracellular peptide that promotes wound healing, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. The mechanism of Tβ4 secretion to the extracellular environment is not understood. The macrophage is a rich source of Tβ4 which also participates in wound healing process. The objective of this study was to find how Tβ4 may be externalized. Using activation of macrophage through their toll-like receptors (TLR), the changes in cellular Tβ4 was studied. A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular Tβ4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry. Real time PCR was used to determine changes in gene expression. The results showed that TLR agonists such as peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysacharide (LPS) caused depletions in cellular Tβ4 peptide along with its detection in the cell culture supernatant at 24 h. These TLR agonists also induced the expression of interleukins-1β, -6, and nitric oxide synthase genes at 6 h but failed to modulate Tβ4 gene at that time point indicating that the Tβ4 externalization was not associated with its production. To find whether Tβ4 externalization was associated with cell death, we measured the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the conditioned media as an indicator of cell damage. The results showed that the TLR agonists which induced depletion of intracellular Tβ4 at 24 h also increased the LDH content of the conditioned media, suggesting that the Tβ4 in the extracellular media most likely originated from dying macrophages.
On Semiprime Submodules

In this work, we study semiprime and radical submodules of modules. We know that every radical submodule is semiprime, and we investigate when the converse is true.
Female patients undergoing TEVAR may have an increased risk of postoperative spinal cord ischemia.

Background: There is a paucity of literature regarding thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) in women. We report our institutional experience with TEVAR. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed from 2004 to 2008. TEVAR was performed in 59 patients; 29 (49%) were female. Results: Mean age was 73.5 years. Mean thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) diameter was larger for women (5.9 cm vs 4.7 cm). A trend toward an increase in paraplegia was noted in women, 10.3% vs 4.8%. This may be related to increase in length of aortic coverage in women, 18.2 cm vs 15.2 cm (P < .05). Conclusion: TEVAR in women is safe and effective. The length of aortic coverage is greater in women, which may be related to larger aneurysms and more diffuse disease. This may be associated with a concerning increase in postoperative paraplegia. Women undergoing TEVAR should be considered for prophylactic maneuvers to prevent spinal cord ischemia (SCI), including minimizing length of coverage.
New bounds for the sizes of radar arrays

Improved upper bounds for the size of radar arrays are found by using the window method. New general constructions and computer-searched examples are presented. The radar array problem is generalized to include arrays with sidelobes greater than 1. >
Failure of heparin, epsilon aminocaproic acid, or both agents to prevent increased fibrinogen levels after endotoxin in rabbits.

SummaryHigh doses of heparin, EACA, or both failed to prevent fibrinogen levels from rising after the intravenous administration of 15 μg/kg of E. coli endotoxin to rabbits. Apparently, endotoxin stimulates fibrinogen production by a mechanism independent of intravascular clotting, fibrinolysis or fibrin-ogenolysis.The authors thank Major Robert Kovatch, V. C., for review of the histologic preparations.
Iterative solution of systems of linear equations arising in the context of stochastic finite elements

Abstract The particular properties of systems of linear equations arising in the context of the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM) motivate the customization of existing iterative solution algorithms. The implementation described in this paper has aimed at optimizing data management, MAT-VEC operations and preconditioning strategies. It turns out that SFEM-systems can be solved with much less effort than their size suggests. The main idea is based on the fact that the full system matrix consists of few, relatively small submatrices with identical dimensions and sparsity pattern. This makes it very efficient to perform matrix–vector multiplications at the submatrix level and to avoid the assembly of the full coefficient matrix.
Nonlinear δF simulation studies of intense non-neutral beam propagation in a solenoidal focusing field

Abstract This paper makes use of the nonlinear δF formalism and the Vlasov–Poisson equations to describe the propagation of an intense, nonneutral ion beam through a periodic solenoidal focusing field in the thin–beam approximation. The nonlinear δF -formalism is developed for numerical simulation applications by dividing the total distribution function F b into a zero-order part ( F b 0 ) plus a perturbation ( δF b ) which evolves nonlinearly in the zero-order and perturbed field configurations. To illustrate the application of the technique, nonlinear δF simulation results are presented for a thermal equilibrium background distribution F b 0 ( H ⊥ ) for the case of beam propagation through a uniform focusing field.
Comparison of Intravenous Medetomidine and Medetomidine/Ketamine for Immobilization of Free-Ranging Variable Flying Foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus)

Medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg) and medetomidine/ketamine (0.05/5.0 and 0.025/2.5 mg/kg), administered by intravenous injection, were evaluated for short-term immobilization of wild-caught variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus). Medetomidine alone produced incomplete chemical restraint and a stressful, prolonged induction. Both ketamine/medetomidine doses produced a smooth induction and complete immobilization. The combined medetomidine/ketamine dose of 0.025/2.5 mg/kg produced a rapid induction (232±224 sec) with minimal struggling and vocalization, a complete and effective immobilization period, and tended to lead to a faster and better quality recovery than medetomidine alone or a higher dose of medetomidine and ketamine (0.05/5.0 mg/kg), thus reducing holding time and permitting an earlier release of the bat back into the wild.
Serological characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus, type I (HTLV-I) small envelope protein

Abstract Murine monoclonal antibodies were developed against the protein products produced by murine C127 cells which had been transfected with a recombinant plasmid clone containing the human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA coding regions for part of env, px , and the 3prime;TR. Four antibodies with different binding patterns were obtained. One of these antibodies, F1.6, reacted against HTLV-I infected cells but not against noninfected cell lines. This antibody also reacted with sucrose-gradient purified HTLV-I and -II particles with preferential binding against the HTLV-I preparation. The F1.6 antibody bound to two proteins of approximately 21 and 43 kDa in gradient purified HTLV-I preparations, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blots, and to a 43-kDa protein in cell lysates of HTLV-I infected cell lines; the F1.6 antibody did not bind significantly to any HTLV-II proteins in western blots. The three other antibodies F1.1, F1.2, and F1.5, recognized the same size proteins, 21 and 43 kDa in the gradient purified viral preparations of HTLV-I and in the case of the F1.2 antibody, the same size proteins in purified virus preparation of HTLV-II and -III. The F1.2 and F1.5 antibodies bound not only to purified HTLV particles but also to a variety of cellular proteins in HTLV-I infected and noninfected cells suggesting that they recognized epitopes which were shared between HTLV proteins and normal cells. The identity of the 21-kDa viral protein is most likely that of the small envelope glycoprotein. The identity of the larger protein is undetermined.
Controlled Electric Vehicle Charging for Mitigating Impacts on Distribution Assets

This paper proposes a two-step methodology for scheduling electric vehicle (EV) charging, which limits the burden on distribution and transmission assets while ensuring all the vehicles are charged. In the first step, the number of vehicles to be charged during each hour is optimized based on day-ahead requests for charging. The second step determines the maximum number of vehicles that can be charged based on operating conditions during the next hour to ensure distribution reliability requirements are met. A numerical example is given to illustrate the EV charging management scheme. This technique will limit the effects of EV charging on distribution assets.
Number and activity of free and membrane-bound spleen ribosomes during the course of the immune response

Abstract Mice were immunized by one intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhi, and the number and activity of free and membrane-bound ribosomes of the spleen were studied during the immune response. Free and bound spleen ribosomes were separated from the post-nuclear supernatant, and analyzed directly on linear sucrose gradients. An average of 25 % of the total spleen ribosomes were membrane-bound in both immunized and control mice; this is in contrast to a value of 75–80 % for mouse liver. No polyribosomes were observed in the membrane-bound fractions, unless nuclease-containing organelles were removed from the post-nuclear supernatant before disruption of the membranes with detergent. The number of ribosomes, which had been actively engaged in protein synthesis at the time of cell fractionation, was determined by their resistance to dissociation at high ionic strength; this assay was not affected by the presence of ribonuclease, and did not require that the ribosomes catalyze polypeptide synthesis in vitro. We found that 36–55 % of free ribosomes and 56–77 % of total membrane-bound ribosomes were active by this criterion (90–95 % of liver membrane-bound ribosomes were active). Polyribosome profiles provided similar estimates for the number of active free ribosomes. After immunization, the numbers of spleen cells and of bound ribosomes per spleen were maximal at 3–4 days and at 8 days; each peak was preceded by a peak in the number of free ribosomes per cell, suggesting the extensive formation of ribosomes prior to cell division. Apparently the increased protein synthetic capacity of the spleen is primarily the result of an increased synthesis of new free ribosomes, and, to a lesser degree, of an activation of free ribosomes which were inactive in protein synthesis before immunization. The bulk of the splenic response appears to be concerned with a generalized tissue activation not strictly related to immunoglobulin synthesis, since the number and activity of membrane-bound ribosomes, the primary site of immunoglobulin synthesis, did not increase per 108 cells.
Wavelets based on orthogonal basic splines

The basic splines are not orthogonal in L2and hence wavelets based on them are either not orthogonal or do not have compact support. However by choosing an appropriate norm in a Sobolev space, they and the wavelets based on them can be made orthogonal. Thus the simplicity and elegance of the original basic spline functions can be retained.
Intrathoracic Splenosis after Remote Trauma

A healthy 39-year-old man with persistent influenza-like symptoms underwent chest radiography, which showed two pericardial masses (Panels A and B, arrows). Computed tomography (CT) showed that the masses (one 3.3 by 3.3 cm and the other 2.9 by 2.0 cm) were along the lateral pericardium on the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the masses to be noncystic soft tissue (Panel C). The patient was referred for thoracoscopic resection. The patient had undergone laparotomy 20 years earlier after a motor vehicle accident. He reported that his spleen had been removed, his diaphragm had been repaired, and chest tubes had been . . .
Design aspects of a solar assisted reverse osmosis desalting unit for urban communities

Abstract A conceptual design of a solar-assisted reverse osmosis (RO) plant is developed wherein the necessary power is provided by the combination action of a diesel engine and a solar thermal energy driven Sterling engine. The design parameters for this desalting plant are identified and a preliminary economic analysis is made.
Binuclear Complexes Containing a Methylnickel Moiety: Relevance to Organonickel Intermediates in Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthase Catalysis

A series of binuclear NiNi complexes supported by a single thiolate bridge and containing a methylnickel moiety have been prepared and fully characterized. The complexes represent structural analogues for the proposed organonickel intermediate in the acetyl coenzyme A synthase catalytic cycle. Variable temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to examine dynamic behavior of the thiolate bridging interaction in two of the derivatives. Kinetic analyses, independent exchange and crossover experiments support an intermolecular exchange mechanism. Carbonylation results in thioester formation via a reductive elimination pathway.
Identification of Bearing Force Coefficients in Flexible Rotors: Extensions to a Field Method

Rotor-bearing system characteristics, such as mode shapes and their associated natural frequencies and damping ratios are essential to diagnose and correct vibration problems during system operation. Of the above characteristics, reliable identification of fluid film bearing force parameters, i.e. stiffness and damping coefficients, is one of the most difficult to achieve, in particular during field operation. Results of an enhanced method to estimate support force coefficients in flexible rotor-bearing systems based on imbalance response measurements obtained near the bearing locations are presented herein. The procedure can be conducted on site with minimal instrumentation. A test flexible rotor mounted on two-lobe hydrodynamic bearings is used to validate the identification procedure. Imbalance response measurements for various imbalance magnitudes are obtained near the bearing locations and also at rotor mid-span. At shaft speeds around the bending critical speed, the displacements at rotor mid span are an order of magnitude larger than the shaft displacements at the bearings. The identification procedure renders reliable bearing force coefficients for shaft speeds between 1 krpm and 4 krpm. The sensitivity of the method and derived parameters to noise in the measurements is also quantified.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Electron- and photon-stimulated desorption of atomic hydrogen from radiation-modified alkali halide surfaces

The desorption yields of excited hydrogen atoms from the surfaces of KCl, KBr, NaCl, NaF, and LiF have been measured as a function of incident photon and electron energy and flux, time of irradiation, dosing pressure of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and sample temperature. As these surfaces are exposed to ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas during electron or photon bombardment, the fluorescence from excited hydrogen atoms ejected from the surface is monitored. The desorption yields are found to be contingent upon surface damage induced by the incident particle radiation, leading to dissociative adsorption at surface sites containing an excess of alkali metal. A desorption mechanism is presented in which incident electrons or photons induce a valence excitation to a neutral, antibonding state of the surface alkali hydride molecule complex, leading to the desorption of hydrogen atoms possessing several eV of kinetic energy.
Rapid Cytochemical Identification of Phagosomes in Various Tissues of the Rat and their Differentiation from Mitochondria by the Peroxidase Method

1. Granules characterized by their ability to segregate foreign proteins (phagosomes) were identified in the cells of many rat organs after intravenous administration of horseradish peroxidase, by using the conventional test with benzidine for the histochemical detection of peroxidase. The largest numbers of phagosomes were identified in kidney and liver. Considerable numbers were observed cytochemically in pancreas, prostate, epididymis, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, small intestine, heart, pituitary, and mouse mammary carcinoma. 2. The variation in size of the phagosomes ranging from the limit of microscopic visibility up to 5 micro diameter, previously described for kidney, was also observed to occur in many of the other organs. The average size of the phagosomes in different organs was also different, the phagosomes of the liver, for example being on the average smaller than those of the kidney, pancreas, and prostate. 3. In squash preparations of kidney and liver, the phagosomes appeared often in curved rows following the course of the cell membranes of epithelial cells. In several other organs, they appeared aggregated in cells located in the vicinity of blood or lymphatic vessels or capillaries. 4. After injection of peroxidase directly into the brain of a rabbit, a striking concentration of peroxidase was observed in phagosomes of endothelial cells of capillaries and vessels, surrounding the site of injection. It was suggested that this localization may offer an explanation for the so called blood-brain barrier. 5. The cytochemical peroxidase method was applied to smears of isolated fractions of kidney and liver. Only the isolated phagosomes, but not the isolated nuclei, mitochondria, and microsomes, reacted with benzidine after administration of peroxidase. The contamination of conventionally prepared nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions of kidney and liver with phagosomes of different sizes was observed. By correlating the cytochemical peroxidase test of smears of isolated fractions with the colorimetric determination of peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and cytochrome oxidase in the same fractions, the differentiation of the phagosomes from mitochondria and other cell granules was facilitated. 6. The marked difference in the osmotic properties of phagosomes and mitochondria, detectable after treatment with 70 per cent alcohol, and the difference in their affinities towards basic fuchsin, made it possible to differentiate the phagosomes from the mitochondria. It was found by this simple procedure that kidney cells of normal rats contain a large number of phagosomes ranging in size from 0.5 to 3 micro, whereas liver cells of normal rats contain relatively few phagosomes of this size but many smaller ones (0.2 to 0.5 micro diameter). These increased in size after treatment of the rats with horseradish peroxidase.
Pharyngeal cavity and the gills are the target organ for the repellent action of pardaxin in shark

Pardaxin, an active principle of the repellent secretion of the Red Sea flatfish, Pardachirus marmoratus, elicited severe struggling, mouth paralysis, and transient increase in urea leakage from the gills only when administered to the medium bathing the shark's pharyngeal cavity and gills. An apparatus was constructed which prevents a mixing of the outflow from shark's gills with water bathing its surface skin. It is concluded that in sharks the gills and/or the pharyngeal cavity are the target organ for the repellent action of pardaxin.
Kinetics of gel forming in enzyme coagulated milk.

A semi-empirical kinetic model has been developed to explain the observed kinetics of gel formation in enzyme coagulated milk. The kinetic model assumes that the actual system can be represented by a two-step reaction in series model in which both reactions are first order.The initial reaction is the formation of potential cross-link points corresponding to the hydrolysis of K-casein which covers the surface of casein micelles. The second reaction is the formation of cross-links between casein micelles as individual micelles interact with each other. The initial reaction is dependent on the concentration of enzyme in the solution, while the second reaction is enzyme independent. The formation of increasing numbers of cross-links results in an increase in the shear modulus of the gel. The model correctly predicts the general shape of the shear modulus vs. time curve, and faithfully accounts for the influence of enzyme concentration of the rate of shear modulus increase. It is also consistent with the influence of pH and temperature, and denaturation on the activity of the enzyme for the range of these values tested.
CRISPR-Cas, a prokaryotic adaptive immune system, in endodontic, oral, and multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired Enterococcus faecalis.

Abstract Introduction Microorganisms are vulnerable to invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses, plasmids, and transposons. The recently discovered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–associated system, or CRISPR-Cas, is an adaptive immunity system found in most archaea and many bacteria that targets and inactivates invading foreign genetic elements. Cells with CRISPR- cas are more likely to resist the invasion and uptake of foreign DNA such as viruses, plasmids, and transposons. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the occurrence of CRISPR- cas in collections of endodontic (n = 34), oral (n = 21), and multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired strains of Enterococcus faecalis (n = 23) and (2) evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits among strains without CRISPR- cas . Methods E. faecalis strains were screened for CRISPR1- cas and CRISPR3 -cas by using polymerase chain reaction, and products were verified by DNA sequencing. Associations were investigated between the occurrence of CRISPR- cas and the expression of phenotypic traits (antibiotic resistance, gelatinase activity, bacteriocin production, hemolysin activity, and clumping response to pheromone). Results CRISPR- cas determinants were present in proportionally more endodontic (25 of 34) and oral (15 of 21) strains than hospital-acquired (9 of 23) strains ( P = .01 and .04, respectively). Significant associations were found between the absence of CRISPR- cas and the presence of antibiotic resistance in strains overall ( P = .04) and bacteriocin activity in endodontic strains ( P = .01). Conclusions Evidence for the presence of CRISPR- cas in the majority of endodontic and oral E. faecalis strains raises intriguing questions as to how prokaryotic immune systems might modulate interactions within the polymicrobial endodontic biofilm environment.
Inhibition of neuroblastoma cell proliferation with omega-3 fatty acids and treatment of a murine model of human neuroblastoma using a diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids in combination with sunitinib

Inhibition of neuroblastoma cell proliferation with omega-3 fatty acids and treatment of a murine model of human neuroblastoma using a diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids in combination with sunitinib