cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the availability of organic carbon for denitrification of nitrate in subsoils

Recent work in our laboratory indicated that the slow rate of denitrification in Iowa subsoils is not due to a lack of denitrifying microorganisms, but to a lack of organic C that can be utilized by these microorganisms for reduction of nitrate. To identify factors affecting the availability of leachable organic C in surface soils capable of promoting denitrification in subsoils, we studied the effects of freezing and drying and of plants and plant residues on the amounts of water-soluble organic C in surface soils and the ability of this organic C to promote denitrification in subsoils. We found that aqueous extracts of field-moist, frozen, and air-dried surface soils promoted denitrification in subsoils and that their stimulatory effects on denitrification were highly correlated (r=0.93) with their organic C contents and decreased in the order air-dried soils ≫ frozen soils >field-moist soils. But a detailed study of the effect of drying a surface soil to different water tensions indicated that drying of soils under natural conditions is not likely to lead to a substantial increase in their content of water-soluble organic C. Amendment of surface soils with corn or soybean residues led to a marked increase in the amount of organic C in aqueous extracts of the soils and in the ability of these extracts to promote denitrification in subsoils. These effects of plant residues could not be detected after incubation of residue-treated soils for a few days under aerobic conditions, but they increased markedly with an increase in the time of incubation from 1 to 10 days when residue-treated soils were incubated under anaerobic conditions. Analyses for organic acids indicated that this increase was largely due to fermentative production of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids by soil microorganisms. Growth chamber studies showed that growth of corn, soybean, wheat, and sorghum plants on surface soil did not significantly increase the organic C content of leachates of the soil or the ability of these leachates to promote denitrification in subsois. We conclude that plant residues are a major source of the leachable organic C in surface soils that is capable of promoting denitrification in subsoils.
Structural Studies on Complexes II: Crystal and Molecular Structure of a 1:1 Caffeine and 5-Chlorosalicyclic Acid Complex

Crystals of a 1:1 complex of caffeine and 5-chlorosalicylic acid are orthorhombic with space group P bcn. The unit cell parameters are a = 7.952 A., b = 16.303 A., and c = 25.491 A. The structure was solved by a symbolic addition procedure. The positional and thermal parameters were refined by least squares to an R value of 0.077. The caffeine molecule shows significant deviations from planarity. The molecules are held together in the lattice by O—H…N and C—H…O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Polarization bonding also seems to play a dominant role in the stacking of the molecules in the lattice.
D-leucine as an auto-inhibitor of lactic streptococci.

Abstract A ninhydrin positive zone isolated by paper chromatography from the spent broth of a mixed strain lactic streptococcus culture which had been grown with automatic pH control was found to be inhibitory to the culture. Contents of the zone from the spent broth were stable to acid hydrolysis which indicated that a peptide was not responsible. Thin-layer chromatography of material eluted from the inhibitory zone indicated that the inhibitor was leucine. Experiments in which the effects of leucine on growth were studied indicated l-leucine was not inhibitory while d-leucine was at concentrations as low as 1 mg/ml, indicating the auto-inhibitor to be d-leucine.
Biology content cognitive structure: From science student to science teacher

The F-Sort of Biology Concepts was used to assess understanding of the relationships among 37 biology concepts by five groups: Preservice secondary science teachers, in-service biology teachers with 1–3 years of teaching experience, in-service biology teachers with 5 or more years of experience, scientists in any biological science field, and college seniors majoring in biology. Data collected from the F-sort were analyzed using latent partition analysis and alpha factor analysis with additional interpretation from multidimensional scaling. The subjects were asked to think aloud as they performed the F-sort and each session was audiotaped for later analysis. These analyses indicated that the biology major and experienced secondary science teachers were separated from the scientists by a dimension based on a deep-versus-surface structure understanding of the concepts. A second axis shows that scientists are separated from other groups by a fluid-versus-fixed cognitive structure dimension. That is, both experienced teachers and scientists were found to have well-constructed and ordered cognitive structures, but scientists were much more likely to see an item having a place in two or more categories, whereas experienced teachers tended to focus on only one aspect of an item, and therefore understanding that it rightfully belonged in only one category. It appears that teachers restructure their science knowledge as they become more experienced. There is an apparent transition from poorly organized to highly organized cognitive structures for biology concepts when comparing preservice, novice, and experienced teachers, respectively. The transition does not seem to be one achieving a deeper understanding of the biology concepts or to a greater degree of integration of the concepts, but rather a transition from a fairly large, loosely organized pool of biology concepts to one which is highly structured but limited to the expectations of the established curriculum. The results have implications for the well-known conjecture that teaching helps one better understand the content being taught.
Insulin-like growth factor-I is a serum component stimulating growth of human neuroblastoma

Human non-autocrine neuroblastoma cells SK-N-SH and LF require serum for proliferation in vitro. We wished to determine the role of serum-borne insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as mitogen for these cells. Introduction of the monoclonal antibodyα-IR3 against human IGF-I receptor reduced proliferation in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). IGF-I (5 nM) was as effective as FBS (10%) in stimulating proliferation. Porcine insulin mimicked the effects of IGF-I, but at a 1000-fold higher concentration. The antibodyα-IR3 reduced growth stimulated by IGF-I more effectively than growth stimulated by insulin. Thus, proliferation of human non-autocrine neuroblastoma cells can be effectively manipulated by exogenous IGF-I.
Complexometric determination of gallium with calcein blue as indicator.

Abstract A metalfluorechromic indicator, Calcein Blue, has been used for the back-titration of milligram amounts of EDTA in presence of gallium complexes. The indicator was used in conjunction with an ultraviolet titration assembly equipped with a cadmium sulphide detector cell and a microammeter for enhanced end-point detection. The result is a convenient and rapid method with an accuracy approaching 0.1 % and a relative standard deviation of about 0.4% for 10 mg of gallium.
How seasonal temperature or water inputs affect the relative response of C3 crops to elevated [CO2]: a global analysis of open top chamber and free air CO2 enrichment studies

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) has the potential to positively impact C3 food crop production by directly stimulating photosynthetic carbon gain (A), which leads to increased crop biomass and yield. Further stimulation of A and yield can result from an indirect mechanism in which elevated [CO2] decreases stomatal conductance and canopy water use, ameliorating drought stress. Experiments in open top chambers (OTC) and free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities have enabled investigation of crop responses to elevated [CO2] in near natural, field conditions. Mechanistic understanding of physiological responses to elevated [CO2] has led to predictions that the stimulation of A, biomass production, and economic yield will vary with the temperature and water supply experienced by the crop. This study tested current assumptions about the relationships between relative responses of yield and biomass to elevated [CO2] and variation in growing season temperature and water inputs (precipitation plus irrigation). Growing season average temperature was not a good predictor of the magnitude of biomass and yield responses to elevated [CO2], contradicting the prediction that responses to elevated [CO2] would increase with increasing temperature due to the greater benefit from decreasing photorespiration. However, the prediction that the relative stimulation of yield by elevated [CO2] would be greatest in dry conditions was generally supported. Thus, a simple CO2 fertilization value is not appropriate for modeling future crop productivity under varying environmental conditions. Further studies are necessary across a broader range of environmental conditions in order to accurately predict how rising [CO2] will interact with temperature and drought stress and alter future crop production.
Effect of growth hormone and thyroxine on the contractile properties of dystrophic muscle.

Chez des souris ayant une dystrophie musculaire, l'injection d'hormone d'accroissement et de thyroxine n'a pas d'effet. On l'a observe en mesurant la tension maximum de la secousse, le degre de relachement et les courbes de fatigue dans des lambeaux etroits du muscle abdominal excise.
Ribosomal DNA Sequences of Bifidobacteria: Implications for Sequence-based Identification of the Human Colonic Flora

We sequenced 16S ribosomal DNA from eight Bifidobacterium strains to explore the feasibility of using ribosomal RNA sequence to characterise the human colonic flora. The genus was well defined by this method. Closely related species could be readily distinguished. Ribosomal RNA should be an appropriate target for identification of bifidobacteria in the human colonic flora. Keywords - Bifidobacteria; Ribosomal RNA; 16S ribosomal RNA; Ribosomal DNA; lntestines/microbiology.
Vector quantization using frequency-sensitive competitive-learning neural networks

A training algorithm is represented for a competitive learning network. This algorithm is applied to the problem of vector quantization using neural networks. An important advantage of using neural networks for vector quantization is that the computations can be carried out in parallel by the neural units. The performance of this algorithm is compared with other neural networks and traditional nonneural algorithms for vector quantization. The basic properties of the algorithm are discussed, the results of quantizing vectors of linear prediction coefficients from a speech signal are presented, and it is shown that the network yields results that are comparable to those obtained using the traditional algorithm. >
Centralized stochastic optimal control of complex systems

We consider the problem of minimizing the long-run expected average cost of a complex system consisting of interactive subsystems with an emphasis on advanced propulsion systems, e.g., hybrid electric vehicles. We formulate a multiobjective optimization problem of the one-stage expected costs of the subsystems and provide a framework to prove that the control policy yielding the Pareto optimal solution minimizes the average cost criterion of the system.
The novel benzopyran class of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Part 2: The second clinical candidate having a shorter and favorable human half-life.

In this Letter, we provide the structure-activity relationships, optimization of design, testing criteria, and human half-life data for a series of selective COX-2 inhibitors. During the course of our structure-based drug design efforts, we discovered two distinct binding modes within the COX-2 active site for differently substituted members of this class. The challenge of a undesirably long human half-life for the first clinical candidate 1t(1/2)=360 h was addressed by multiple strategies, leading to the discovery of 29b-(S) (SC-75416) with t(1/2)=34 h.
Why They Rise Up, or Not: A Study of Linguistic Minorities and Ethnic-National Mobilization

Most theories ofnationalism focus on majority nationalism and do not provide an adequate explanation of the inaction of most ethnic minorities. This paper adopts the political process model from social movement theory to study the factors that prompt linguistic minorities to mobilization on ethno-national grounds. Using a large-N statistical model with data drawn from the Minority at Risk database, the results indicate that the higher capacity, the more opportunity for action, and the better the issue is framed, the more likely linguistic minorities would mobilize. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol18/iss1/7
The role of androgen deprivation therapy combined with prostate brachytherapy.

Abstract Several prospective randomized clinical trials have demonstrated improved outcomes in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with definitive local therapy (external-beam radiotherapy or surgery). ADT is commonly combined with prostate brachytherapy (PB) to “downsize” the prostate gland. As PB is increasingly used, more men are being treated with a combination of ADT and PB. The purpose of this article is to review the effects of ADT in men treated with PB. A structured literature review was performed. The effects of ADT on 3 separate outcomes were examined: (1) volume of the prostate gland, (2) treatment-related morbidity, and (3) disease-free survival. No prospective randomized trials addressing the effects of ADT combined with PB were discovered. There is evidence that prostate volume is reduced by 25% to 40% after 3 months of ADT. There is some evidence that ADT may be associated with increased acute urinary morbidity and decreased erectile function after PB. There is little evidence that disease-free survival in men treated with PB is improved with the addition of ADT. Neoadjuvant ADT before PB reduces prostate volume. ADT may lead to increased acute urinary morbidity and decreased erectile function after PB. No substantial effects of ADT on disease-free survival are apparent. Prospective randomized trials of PB and ADT are required.
A Role of the Soil Enthalpy in Land Memory

Abstract Recent studies have identified a connection between the summer monsoon rainfall in the southwest United States and anomalies of the antecedent winter precipitation and snowpack in the northwest United States. This connection shows a seasonal-scale predictability of the precipitation and indicates a seasonal predictability of the land–atmosphere system (the “land memory”) in the western United States. Although some efforts have been devoted to understanding this predictability, the physical processes constituting it remain unexplained. In this empirical study, a potential source, the soil enthalpy, and its role in land memory are examined for the recent epoch of a strong land memory (1961–90). The rationale is that the soil enthalpy variation has magnitudes comparable to the atmospheric enthalpy changes at various time scales, and the soil enthalpy anomaly in the top 20–50-cm soil column can persist for 2–3 months. As shown by the major results of this study, a persistent negative anomaly of the s...
ModelMaker: a tool for rapid modeling from device descriptions

Describes a tool to facilitate rapid modeling of devices from informal documents. ModelMaker analyzes and indexes the source document for the noun phrases and identifiers it contains. When the engineer needs information on pins, components or other indexed features for behavioral modeling, ModelMaker returns all relevant text from the source document. The returned information can be ordered sequentially or on its behavioral or structural content. The VHDL model under development can be edited to add behavioral code and to insert source document fragments as comments. The initial VHDL model is derived from a block diagram of the source document using a schematic capture tool. ModelMaker is currently being extended to automatically extract behavioral information for the engineer.
Problem of signal contamination in interhemispheric dual-sided subdural electrodes

SUMMARY Dual-sided subdural electrodes are used in the localization and lateralization of seizure-onset zones when the area of interest is within the interhemispheric fissure. We designed the current study to test the validity of the assumption that each side of the dual-sided electrodes records from the hemisphere it faces. We recorded with dual-sided strip and grid electrodes implanted in the occipital interhemispheric space in two patients with nonoccipital epilepsy during two visual stimulation tasks in which subjects were presented with visual stimuli in the ipsilateral or contralateral visual hemifields. Our findings show substantial contamination of recordings from the opposite hemisphere. Although, as expected, electrodes recording through the falx record faintly from the contralateral cortical surface, they unexpectedly pick up strong signals from the cortex behind them. Therefore, we conclude that these electrodes should not be used for lateralization of the origin of epileptic activity or evoked responses.
The Mechanism of Solid Phase Epitaxy

The enhancement of the solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG) rate in Si and Ge by hydrostatic pressure, and the reduction in the rate by uniaxial compression, place severe constraints on the kinds of point defects that can be responsible for thermal SPEG. These measurements are interpreted in terms of an activation strain tensor, the nonhydrostatic analogue of the activation volume, which results from an extension of transition state theory to nonhydrostatic stress states. These results and those of other experiments allow us to rule out all mechanisms in which the rate-limiting step is thermal generation of point defects in the bulk of either phase, and the migration of these defects to the crystal-amorphous interface. All experimental results are semi-quantitatively consistent with the Spaepen-Turnbull interfacial dangling bond mechanism. The structural aspects of the Williams-Elliman interfacial kink site model are shown to be a special case of the dangling bond mechanism. The electronic aspect of the Williams-Elliman model has been generalized to take into account more recent experiments on the doping-dependence of the SPEG rate. It is compared to the fractional ionization model of Walser and Jeon. They both account for the enhancements due to low, but not high, dopant concentrations. The relevance to models for the effects of ion irradiation on SPEG is also discussed.
Partial purification and characterization of a soybean β-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates

A beta-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates was purified from soybean [Glycine max] roots by high salt extraction from a low speed centrifugal pellet and subsequent anion and cation exchange chromatography. Purification required stabilization throughout fractionation in 10% glycerol. The enzyme is most likely a dimer (approximate M(r) 165 kDa) with potential subunits of M(r) 80 and/or 75 kDa. The pH and temperature optima are pH 6 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was highly heat-stable. Of the various potential effectors examined, silver and mercury ions were the most inhibitory. The IC(50) of silver ions was increased from 140 microM to 14 mM in the presence of 250 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. Glucono-delta-lactone was not strongly inhibitory (IC(50) 24 mM). The activity was highly active against isoflavone conjugates, with a specificity constant 160-1000 fold higher for isoflavone conjugates over the generic chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside. The enzyme was inactive against the flavonol glycosides tested. The partially purified enzyme had similar K(m) and k(cat) towards 7-O-glucosyl- and 7-O-glucosyl-6"-malonyl-isoflavones, suggesting that it may be able to cleave the esterified glucosyl conjugate. We hypothesize that the enzyme is involved in the release of daidzein and genistein, both of which play central roles in soybean defense.
The Transportation Paradox.

Abstract : A paradox arises when a transportation problem admits of a total cost solution which is lower than the optimum and is attainable by shipping larger quantities if goods over the same routes that were previously designated as optimal. That is, falling total costs are present in moving to the greater shipment quantities. Necessary conditions for this to occur are established and an algorithm for solving this expanded transportation problem is supplied. (Author)
The limits of theoretical population genetics.

THE purpose here is to discuss the limits of theoretical population genetics. This 100-year-old field now sits close to the heart of modern biology. Theoretical population genetics is the framework for studies of human history (Reich et al. 2002) and the foundation for association studies, which aim to map the genes that cause human disease (Jorde 1995). Arguably of more importance, theoretical population genetics underlies our knowledge of within-species variation across the globe and for all kinds of life. In light of its many incarnations and befitting its ties to evolutionary biology, the limits of theoretical population genetics are recognized to be changing over time, with a number of new paths to follow. Stepping into this future, it will be important to develop new approximations that reflect new data and not to let well-accepted models diminish the possibilities.
Label-free biosensing using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors

We demonstrated that passive (battery-free) radio frequency identification (RFID) devices are attractive as RFID sensors for label-free biological detection. For selective biological sensing, we employ artificial engineered aptamer bioreceptors and immobilize them onto the sensing surface of the RFID sensors. As model analytes, we have selected thrombin protein and Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and Bacillus globigii (BG) spores.
Pediatric head injuries: Can clinical factors reliably predict an abnormality on computed tomography?

Study objective: To assess clinical features that might reliably predict the need for computed tomography (CT) imaging in pediatric head trauma. Design/setting/type of participant: Prospective cohort of 324 head CT scans performed on 322 consecutive trauma patients at an urban children's hospital. Results: Sixty-two percent of patients were male. The mean age was 7.1 years (10 days to 20.6 years); half were less than 5 years of age. The two most frequent mechanisms of injury were falls (32%) and motor vechicle accidents (25%). Abnormalities were detected in 74 scans. Intracranial injuries were apparent in 39 patients (12%); 16 had a concomitant fracture. An isolated cranial abnormality was observed on 35 scans (11%). Loss of consciousness, amnesia for the event, a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of less than 15, and the presence of a neurologic deficit were more common in children with intracranial injury ( P Conclusion: This study demonstrates a poor correlation between the clinical symptoms of significant traumatic brain injury and findings on CT.
Interval based evidence sets

The relationship between set theory and the modeling of human categorization processes is the starting point of a discussion aiming at the definition of mathematical structures capable of better representing human categorization and linguistic capabilities. It is maintained that a theory of belief which acknowledges subjectivity and observed dependence, is imperative in any attempt to model cognitive categorization. A connection between the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence and Interval Valued Fuzzy Sets is proposed through the presentation of a structure called Evidence Set. This structure allows the introduction of all the recognized forms of uncertainty uncapturable by Fuzzy or Interval Valued Fuzzy Sets alone, as well as a representation of belief in a set arrangement.
Children's Attitudes Toward Physically Handicapped Peers and Intervention Approaches for Attitude Change

Children with physical handicaps are among those handicapped children who are placed in the regular public school classroom as the least restrictive environment possible for their education. Physical therapists are increasingly extending their service into school settings and are likely to be in the position to become advocates for the physically handicapped student. A review of research on attitudes held by nonhandicapped peers reveals that unfavorable attitudes toward physically handicapped students are prevalent. Strategies for the physical therapist to use in helping to promote positive peer attitudes toward physically handicapped children are presented.
The effects of phonological similarity on the semantic categorisation of pictorial and lexical stimuli: evidence from continuous behavioural measures

ABSTRACTBehavioural and neuroimaging studies provide evidence of automatic activation of phonology (e.g., covert speech) during the recognition of lexical stimuli. Implicit processing of phonological information was investigated in a kinematic study of semantic categorisation of pictures (session A) or words (session B). Participants clicked one of two items (target and distractor) based on their semantic congruency (artefact or natural) with a cued-word. Phonological similarity between cued-word and distractor was varied. The presence of the phonological distractor produced trajectories with greater curvature towards the competing semantic category than did the presence of a distractor not phonologically related. This suggests that the semantic categorisation of pictorial and lexical stimuli is influenced by the automatic activation of phonological information. Trajectories’ curvature reveals competition between partially activated phonological and semantic representations suggesting that phonological co...
Rural employment policy and business conditions

Rural development is conditional on appropriate development of all components: economic, ecological, social, political. These may be secured primarily human resources, residents and workers in the region. Relatively harmonious development of the components of the landscape is achieved primarily by farmers to organic agriculture, especially in the LFA, the higher elevations. On the basis of already processed and presented new publications can be assumed that the opinions of the farmers' living and working conditions remain unrecognized role in the information base. This information relatively cheap and indispensable should increasingly contribute to the traditionally monitored indicators. The paper is devoted to opinion level organic farmers.
Prior Appropriation: A Reassessment

This paper provides an overview of the literature critiquing the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, examines the historical evolution of the doctrine, and offers recommendations for modernizing its major concepts.
A Study of the Response of an Airplane Landing Gear Using the Differential Analyzer

The response of a conventional airplane landing gear is studied by deriving and solving the differential equations of motion for the system. The resistance of the air-oil shock strut depends upon an orifice damping coefficient and an exponent, y, which determines the air pressure as a function of volume. A study of experimental "drop-test" results on similar systems is made to determine these constants. The nonlinear equations of motion are solved by means of the differential analyzer for (1) the landing condition as simulated by a drop test and (2) the taxiing condition in which a periodic ground contour function is assumed. The differential analyzer solutions for the landing condition are compared with drop-test results on the same system.
Influence of acetylcholine on human pulmonary circulation under normal and hypoxic conditions.

SummaryAcetylcholine infused into the main pulmonary artery caused a slight fall in pulmonary arterial pressure when the subject breathed ambient air, but a greater fall in pressure after pulmonary hypertension had been produced by hypoxia. The fall in pressure was associated with either a constant or an increased cardiac output. The evidence suggests that acetylcholine causes vasodilata-tion in the lungs and that this action is largely dependent on the pre-existing tone of the pulmonary vessels.
Radially dependent large-scale dynamos in global cylindrical shear flows and the local cartesian limit

For cylindrical differentially rotating plasmas, we study large-scale magnetic field generation from finite amplitude non-axisymmetric perturbations by comparing numerical simulations with quasi-linear analytic theory. When initiated with a vertical magnetic field of either zero or finite net flux, our global cylindrical simulations exhibit the magnetorotational instability (MRI) and large scale dynamo growth of radially alternating mean fields, averaged over height and azimuth. This dynamo growth is explained by our analytic calculations of a non-axisymmetric fluctuation-induced EMF that is sustained by azimuthal shear of the fluctuating fields. The standard "Omega effect" (shear of the mean field by differential rotation) is unimportant. For the MRI case, we express the large-scale dynamo field as a function of differential rotation. The resulting radially alternating large-scale fields may have implications for angular momentum transport in disks and corona. To connect with previous work on large scale dynamos with local linear shear and identify the minimum conditions needed for large scale field growth, we also solve our equations in local Cartesian coordinates. We find that large scale dynamo growth in a linear shear flow without rotation can be sustained by shear plus non-axisymmetric fluctuations -- even if not helical, a seemingly previously unidentified distinction. The linear shear flow dynamo emerges as a more restricted version of our more general new global cylindrical calculations.
Impact of Affective Appraisal on Collaborative Goal Management: My Robot Shares My Worries

A collaborative robot needs to be able to regulate and manage shared goals during collaboration. Emotion has a crucial influence on this goal management process. In this paper, we provide a cost function that we use to choose the goal in the shared plan with the lowest cost value out of a set of alternative goals. This cost function is a) based on the goal attributes, b) with respect to the reverse appraisal of the perceived emotion, and c) the appraisal of the collaborative environment.
Lifetime Socioeconomic Status and Late-life Health Trajectories: Longitudinal Results From the Mexican Health and Aging Study

Objective This article examines the association between childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES) and late-life health trajectories for older adults in Mexico. Method Data are from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a panel survey that began with a nationally representative sample of Mexican adults 50 years and older at baseline (2001), with follow-up in 2003 and 2012. We use a hierarchical repeated measures model to estimate the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms, functional limitations, and self-rated health, respectively. We tested both discrete measures of SES in childhood and adulthood, as well as a combined indicator of lifetime SES. Results Childhood SES was significantly associated with later-life health trajectories net of adulthood SES indicators. Adult SES was significantly associated with late-life health trajectories, with some differences by gender and outcome. There were significant SES disparities in health outcomes over the 11-year study period. However, there were no significant multiplicative interactions between SES and age, which would have indicated either diminishing or widening SES health disparities with age. Discussion Socioeconomic disparities in health appear to persist into old age in the Mexican context. Efforts to reduce late-life health disparities in Mexico should target socioeconomic and material conditions across the life course.
Copper-Copper Sulfate Reference Electrode for Operating in High Temperature and High Pressure Aqueous Environments

Abstract A copper-copper sulfate electrode (CSE) was constructed and tested at elevated temperatures. Experimental cell potentials versus a silver-silver chloride electrode were compared against results from Gibbs energy minimization (GEM) calculations. After accounting for irreversible thermodynamic processes, experimental and calculated CSE potentials , were generally within 3% of the observed potential from 25 to 150 °C at 3 MPa. The CSE potentials changed by less than 20 mV with increasing temperature, compared to 120 mV for the silver-silver chloride electrode. With its repeatability and small temperature dependence, the CSE electrode appears to be a viable reference electrode for measuring in-situ real time cell potentials in aqueous phase-containing media at elevated temperature and pressure.
Role of Rituximab in the Treatment of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma.

Abstract Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare malignancy accounting for less than 1% of all lymphomas. The tumor involves the spleen, splenic hilar lymph nodes, bone marrow, and often the peripheral blood. The peripheral lymph nodes are not typically enlarged. Patients typically have circulating neoplastic cells characterized by cytoplasmic projections, round or oval nuclei and clumped chromatin. The lymphoma cells express CD19, CD20, and CD22 but not usually CD5, CD10, CD23, CD25, CD43, CD103 or cyclin D1. The tumor may be surprisingly resistant to chemotherapy that would ordinarily be effective for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For patients needing treatment, splenectomy is the usual first treatment, which may be followed by prolonged remission. The best approach for patients following splenectomy is not clear. Methods: The characteristics of seven patients with SMZL who progressed after splenectomy are shown in the table. Six of the seven patients received rituximab therapy alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents. One patient was ineligible for rituximab therapy due to hepatitis C. Results: One patient who relapsed 16 months after splenectomy to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) achieved a complete remission after 6 cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) and then electively underwent autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. His remission persisted 72+ months later. The two patients who received rituximab in combination with other cytotoxic agents 2 months after splenectomy (one had CNOP/cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone; and one had CVP/cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) remained in remission 52+ months. One patient with anemia refractory to splenectomy responded to 4 cycles of rituximab. One patient who developed anemia and monoclonal gammopathy post splenectomy received 8 weekly cycles of rituximab. Although anemia improved there was no objective response. One patient's disease transformed to DLBCL 18 months post splenectomy, and did not respond to 8 cycles of rituximab. Conclusion: These results suggest that SMZL in patients who relapsed after splenectomy transforms to aggressive lymphoma more commonly than several thought. Most patients respond to rituximab containing regimens and may achieve a prolonged remission. More studies are warranted to investigate whether rituximab therapy shortly after splenectomy provides better progression free survival than treatment after relapse. Patients' Characteristics 1 2 3 4 5 6* 7 Age 62 33 53 53 67 55 67 Sex M M F F F M F Year 1997 1998 2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 CD20 + + + + + + + DLBCL Transformation + - - - - - + Rituximab # of Cycles 6 8 4 4 6 0 8 Concurrent Chemotherapy CHOP CNOP - Fludarabine CVP CHOP - Response CR CR CR PR CR CR P Follow up (Months) 72+ 61+ 49+ 50+ 50+ 52+ 0 F: female, CR: complete remission, M: male, P: progression, PR: partial remission, * Hepatitis C.
Characterizing NL response of metal-dielectric metasurfaces

A method for retrieving effective n2 and α from bianistropic parameters of non-linear metasurfaces is introduced. The effective nonlinear parameters of a metasurface covered by a NL layer are compared vs a bare NL layer.
The implications and impact of 3 approaches to health information exchange: community, enterprise, and vendor‐mediated health information exchange

Introduction Electronic health information exchange (HIE) is considered essential to establishing a learning health system, reducing medical errors, and improving efficiency, but establishment of widespread, high functioning HIE has been challenging. Healthcare organizations now have considerable flexibility in selecting among several HIE strategies, most prominently community HIE, enterprise HIE (led by a healthcare organization), and electronic health record vendor-mediated HIE. Each of these strategies is characterized by different conveners, capabilities, and motivations and may have different abilities to facilitate improved patient care. Methods I reviewed the available scholarly literature to draw conceptual distinctions between these types of HIE, to assess the current evidence on each type of HIE, and to indicate important areas of future research. Results While community HIE seems to offer the most open approach to HIE allowing for high levels of connectivity, both enterprise HIE and vendor-mediated HIE face lower barriers to formation and sustainability. Most existing evidence is focused on community HIE and points towards low overall use, challenges to usability, and ambiguous impact. To better guide organizational leaders and policymakers in the expansion of beneficial HIE and anticipate future trends, future research should work to better capture the prevalence of other forms of HIE, and to adopt common methods to allow comparisons of rate of use, usability, and impact on patient care across studies and types of HIE. Conclusions Healthcare organizations' choice of HIE strategy influences the set of partners the organization is connected to and may influence the benefit that efforts supported by HIE can offer to patients. Current research is not fully capturing the diversity of approaches to HIE and their potentially varying impact on providers and patients.
A genomic explanation linking breast cancer, “Mediterranean diet” and olive oil: Olive oil's monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid transcriptionally regulates the co-ordinate expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (Oncogenic antigen-519), Her-2/neu (erbB-2) and PEA3 genes in breast cancer cells.

5747 The final proof about the specific mechanisms by which the different components of olive oil, the principal source of fat in a typical Mediterranean diet, exert their potential protective effects on the promotion and progression of breast cancer requires further investigations. Interestingly, exogenous supplementation of breast cancer cells with OA has been found to significantly down-regulate the expression and activation status of Her-2/ neu ( erb B-2), a well-characterized oncogene playing a key role in the etiology and progression of breast cancer. Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), the key enzyme responsible for the endogenous biogenesis of fatty acids, is up-regulated in about 50% of breast cancers, is an indicator of poor prognosis and has been functionally associated with Her2/ neu in a bi-directional manner. Her-2/ neu overexpression stimulates the activity of FAS gene promoter, while FAS blockade indirectly suppresses Her-2/ neu overexpression by up-regulating the Ets DNA-binding protein PEA3, a potent trans -repressor of the Her-2/ neu gene promoter activity. We here investigated the effects of exogenous supplementation with OA on the transcriptional activity of Her-2/ neu , FAS and PEA3 genes. To study this issue we performed transient transfection experiments with a Luciferase gene driven by the FAS, PEA3 and erb B-2 promoters in a panel of breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, MCF-7/Her2-18, MCF-7/HRG, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and BT-474 cells, which differentially express FAS, Her-2/ neu and the pro-metastatic growth factor Heregulin (HRG). Our results established the ability of OA to specifically repress the activity of the Her-2/ neu wild-type gene promoter in breast cancer cell lines naturally exhibiting Her-2/ neu gene amplification and overexpression. OA treatment significantly reduced FAS promoter activity in Her-2/ neu -overexpressing BT-474 and HRG-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, while it failed to modulate FAS gene promoter activity in Her-2/ neu - and HRG-negative MCF-7 cells. OA treatment completely reversed Her-2/ neu - and HRG-induced up-regulation of FAS promoter activity in Her-2/ neu - and HRG-overexpressing MCF-7/Her2-18 and MCF-7/HRG derivatives. Interestingly, OA exposure significantly stimulated transcription from a PEA3 promoter-Luciferase reporter, while a Her-2/ neu promoter bearing a mutated sequence at the PEA3-binding site was not subject to negative regulation by OA. These findings reveal that OA-coordinated expression patterns of cancer genes such as FAS, PEA3 and Her-2/ neu should be considered a previously unrecognized genomic explanation linking olive oil-rich “Mediterranean diet” and breast cancer promotion and progression.
Millimeter wave performance of a sliding planar backshort

A mechanically adjustable planar tuning element, for millimeter and submillimeter wave planar integrated cir- cuits, has been developed and successfully demonstrated at 100 GHz. It functions analogously to a non-contacting waveguide backshort, with kn. I :-... A¢â‚¬â€0.3 dB, yet can be fabricated with the simplicity of a planar circuit and scaled for use throughout the millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrum.
Collaborative Robots in Surgical Research: a Low-Cost Adaptation

This work demonstrates the adaptation of an industrial robotic system to an affordable and accessible open platform for education and research through rapid prototyping techniques. The ABB YuMi collaborative robot is controlled using a virtual reality teleoperation system and adapted using a low-cost gripper extension for surgical tools. The design and assessment of three surgical tools used in two mock surgical procedures are showcased in this paper. It was found that the perpendicular scalpel tool surpassed the others for performance time. Scissors were found more effective to cut the affected tissue in the melanoma extraction task than the parallel scalpel configuration (15% of healthy tissue removed versus 42%).
Rethinking Social CRM Design: A Service-Dominant Logic Perspective

The rapid rise of powerful social customers has drastically changed the e-business landscape. Social CRM (SCRM) emerged in late 2009 as an e-business strategy for companies to enable customer relationship management (with social customers) utilizing social technology. Despite the many applications that are labeled as SCRM, there is a dearth of guidelines for SCRM design and development. Many companies are trapped using social media as just another communication channel, and have naively applied traditional Electronic CRM (ECRM) practices on social platforms based on a model of exchange that centers on goods (e.g., goods-dominant logic or G-D logic), with value created by the firm and relationship implying multiple transactions of value-laden output. G-D logic might have served companies in the pre-Web 2.0 environment in which the interaction with customers could be contained in one-to-one, closed, well-defined channels. However, in a collaborative open, social environment in which interactions cannot be contained and are often unpredictable, this firm-centric, transaction-oriented approach is at odds with how social customers behave and expect, and therefore becomes inadequate in fostering true relationships that cultivate devoted advocates and brand co-creators. In this chapter, we offer an alternative logic called service-dominant (S-D) logic for SCRM design to meet new challenges. S-D logic is based on the reciprocal application of applied competences (service), which sees relationship in terms of co-creation of value. We argue that the S-D logic perspective for SCRM is appropriate, if not essential. We offer S-D logic-informed strategies for SCRM and next-generation CRM system design.
Serum microRNA guiding personalized radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 2,093,876 new lung cancers and 1,761,007 deaths from lung cancer in 2018 (1). Out of the 85% of lung cancers that are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), approximately 30% of patients will present with unresectable Stage III disease for which combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) is the recommended treatment (2,3).
6 – Federal Agencies

Relatively speaking, only a tiny number of persons work in the White House and Congress. The great bulk of civilian federal government employees work for one of the Departments that comprise the Cabinet, many of which have regional offices throughout the United States, or for one of the independent agencies. In this chapter, you will first learn how the Executive Branch is structured. We will then examine in detail two of the main functions of Cabinet Departments: the promulgation of regulations that has the effect of law and the administration and oversight of grants to state and local governments.
Impact of the Infercabulary App on Vocabulary Knowledge of Fifth-Grade Students with Disabilities.

There are multiple pathways for students with and without disabilities to learn new vocabulary terms. However, the number of empirically tested and validated multimedia options is surprisingly limi...
Evaluation of one- and two-parameter models for estimation of void ratio of binary sand mixtures deposited by dry pluviation

Dry pluviation is one of the most widely used methods to prepare granular soil samples at target void ratios for laboratory testing. This study experimentally investigates packing characteristics of binary sand mixtures deposited by dry pluviation with various mixing ratios and particle size ratios. Two theoretical models for estimating void ratios of binary mixtures are critically reviewed and presented in a coherent framework. Performances of these models are evaluated by comparing the predicted void ratios from the models against the measured void ratios obtained from a series of pluviation tests. We further propose empirical equations that can be used to determine the model parameters. This study demonstrates that the existing models with the model parameters obtained from the empirical equations provide reasonable estimates of void ratios of binary sand mixtures deposited by pluviation.
Relevant Context, Genuine Relation: Genre, Form, and Gender in Twenty-First Century The Winter's Tale Criticism

A resurgence of interest in Shakespeare's late romances has scholars once again asking what kind of work is The Winter's Tale. After The Tempest, it has occupied critics over the first two decades ...
Reducing the risk of unintended retained surgical sponges: A quality improvement project

Abstract Background Unintended retained surgical sponges (URSSs) are preventable catastrophic events that occur in the surgical environment. Purpose A community hospital in the southern United States sought to reduce the occurrence of URSSs by implementing a quality improvement initiative. Methods We conducted a practice improvement project that incorporated safety-sponge technology preceded by education and training. Staff knowledge and practice expectations were assessed using a pre-post-intervention survey followed by internal audit. Results Staff knowledge significantly improved after the tailored education and training. A chart audit conducted 15 weeks after the intervention showed compliance with the technology was 99.4%, incorrect surgical counts went from 4% to 0.8%, and number of URSSs went from 2 to 0. Conclusion The project demonstrated a reduced risk of incorrect surgical counts and URSSs in the facility.