cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic theory of transport coefficients for simple liquids

Abstract The temperature behaviors of self-diffusion coefficient D , viscosity coefficient η, and thermal conductivity λ for a simple liquid are quite different from each other while they are similar for a gas. The differences in liquid arise because the carriers of the mass, momentum and energy transfers are different. This is discussed by using simple kinetic theory in terms of the mean free path. In particular, the exponential decrease of the liquid viscosity with the rise in temperature is shown to come from the decrease in the mean free path for vacancies. The thermal conductivity which exhibits a temperature behavior similar to that of the viscosity coefficient and dissimilar to that of the diffusion coefficient is discussed in terms of the energy transfer by vacancies of small sizes (phonons) and sizes comparable to the molecular size. The microscopic origin for the diverse temperature behaviors can be traced to the potential contributions to those relevant currents, which appear in the Kubo-Green formulas for η and λ. There is no such potential contribution for D , and the diffusion coefficient must be calculated by examining the molecular motion just as we do so for the case of gas.
Tracking contributions to human body burden of environmental chemicals by correlating environmental measurements with biomarkers.

The work addresses current knowledge gaps regarding causes for correlations between environmental and biomarker measurements and explores the underappreciated role of variability in disaggregating exposure attributes that contribute to biomarker levels. Our simulation-based study considers variability in environmental and food measurements, the relative contribution of various exposure sources (indoors and food), and the biological half-life of a compound, on the resulting correlations between biomarker and environmental measurements. For two hypothetical compounds whose half-lives are on the order of days for one and years for the other, we generate synthetic daily environmental concentrations and food exposures with different day-to-day and population variability as well as different amounts of home- and food-based exposure. Assuming that the total intake results only from home-based exposure and food ingestion, we estimate time-dependent biomarker concentrations using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Box plots of modeled R2 values indicate that although the R2 correlation between wipe and biological (e.g., serum) measurements is within the same range for the two compounds, the relative contribution of the home exposure to the total exposure could differ by up to 20%, thus providing the relative indication of their contribution to body burden. The novel method introduced in this paper provides insights for evaluating scenarios or experiments where sample, exposure, and compound variability must be weighed in order to interpret associations between exposure data.
Binding of ethidium monoazide to the chromatin in human lymphocytes

Abstract The azide analog of [ 14 C]ethidium bromide was mixed with lymphocytes and photolyzed with visible light. The distribution of azide in the chromatin fraction was found to be 55% in DNA, 28% in protein and 16% in RNA. Label in the DNA portion was found to be almost exclusively in the region digestible with micrococcal nuclease. The parent compound, ethidium bromide, competed with the azide for binding sites, illustrating that the azide analog mimics the action of ethidium bromide.
A population of CD62Llow NK1.1− CD4+ T cells that resembles NK1.1+ CD4+ T cells

In MHC class II-/- C57BL/6 (II-/-) mouse spleen, a small population of CD4+ T cells is present of which NK1.1+ CD4+ (NK) T cells comprise 40 to 45%. We report here that many of the NK1.1- CD4+ T cells derived from II-/- mice are also NK T cells. They produce large amounts of IL-4 in response to anti-CD3 ligation and do so without any requirement for the presence of IL-4 in the priming culture, a property characteristic of NK T cells. Their IFN-gamma production is large and is enhanced by IL-12. In addition, II-/- NK1.1- CD4+ T cells produce IL-4 as a result of culture with L cells expressing murine CD1 (L-CD1). We report that CD49b, a component of integrin VLA-2, is expressed on the majority of both NK1.1+ and NK1.1- NK T cells. NK1.1- NK T cells also exist in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Evidence supporting this is that Vbeta8 usage by CD62Llow NK1.1- CD4+ T cells was approximately 5% higher than that by CD62Lhigh CD4+ T cells in wild-type mice in keeping with the estimated proportion of NK1.1- NK T cells in the CD62Llow population. CD62Llow CD4+ T cells from beta2-m(-/-) mice, which lack NK T cells, showed no increase in Vbeta8 usage. When activated by anti-CD3 or L-CD1, CD62Llow NK1.1- CD4+ T cells from conventional but not beta2-m(-/-) and CD1-/- mice produce IL-4 in a manner indistinguishable from II-/- NK1.1- CD4+ T cells. NK1.1- NK T cells in normal mouse spleens are approximately as numerous as NK1.1+ NK T cells.
Life history of the flea beetle, Aphthona abdominalis Duftschmid, on Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) in Italy.

Abstract The life history of Aphthona abdominalis Duftschmid (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a flea beetle that feeds on leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., was studied in central Italy from 1986 to 1990. Information was obtained on the incubation period, length of stadia, adult behavior, feeding, longevity, and fertility. All life stages were studied through several generations. The beetle has three larval instars, usually has four generations per year in Italy, and overwinters as an adult. The adults feed on the aerial parts of the plant, and the larvae attack roots, root buds, and shoots. The main damage to the plant is caused by the larvae. Aphthona abdominalis is a candidate for biological control of leafy spurge in North America.
Dual-task interference in visual working memory: A limitation in storage capacity but not in encoding or retrieval

The concurrent maintenance of two visual working memory (VWM) arrays can lead to profound interference. It is unclear, however, whether these costs arise from limitations in VWM storage capacity (Fougnie & Maro is, 2006) or from interference between the storage of one visual array and encoding or retrieval of another visual array (Cowan & Morey, 2007). Here, we show that encoding a VWM array does not interfere with maintenance of another VWM array unless the two displays exceed maintenance capacity (Experiments 1 and 2). Moreover, manipulating the extent to which encoding and maintenance can interfere with one another had no discernable effect on dual-task performance (Experiment 2). Finally, maintenance of a VWM array was not affected by retrieval of information from another VWM array (Experiment 3). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that dual-task interference between two concurrent VWM tasks is due to a capacity-limited store that is independent from encoding and retrieval processes.
MUSCLE RESPONSE TO HEAVY RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY

Fourteen ambulatory children with spastic diplegia participated in a bilateral quadriceps strengthening program in an attempt to decrease the amount of knee crouch during gait. Each child exercised three times a week for six weeks using free ankle weights at a load of 65 per cent of maximum. A normal comparison group of 25 children was also tested under identical conditions. Children with cerebral palsy were significantly weaker in the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups than controls. Quadriceps strength increased significantly at all three angles of knee flexion as a result of the weight-training program and did not differ statistically from normal at the end of the program. Quadriceps weakness was shown to be a factor in crouch gait; restoring strength through resistance exercise may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of cerebral palsy.
Paleodermatoses: lessons learned from mummies

Mummies, the preserved remains of living beings from former times, bear witness across millennia to the maladies plaguing humankind. Disease, older than humanity, is better understood when examined in the context of history. Paleopathology, literally meaning "ancient suffering", is the study of disease through evaluation of ancient remains. This area of increasing medical interest offers insights into the management of public health issues and disease epidemiology. This article provides an introduction and overview to paleodermatology, the branch of dermatology concerned with the evaluation of diseases associated with the integument by examination of ancient human remains. Mummy sources, how they were made and used throughout history, and the multidisciplinary approach used to study skin diseases found in mummies is briefly described. Despite pervasive pseudopathology, a remarkable array of diseases are well substantiated in the paleorecord, including infectious, heritable, nutritional, hormonal, acquired, iatrogenic, and neoplastic disorders. Legitimate ethical concerns have been raised in the use of human remains for any purpose, with the lack of informed consent eliciting accusations of exploitation. While these studies are undertaken with certain risks, such as the acquisition of potentially dangerous or extinct infections, paleodermatology offers a unique and historical perspective on the afflictions of the skin and the way of all flesh.
Role Expansion: Networking Functions of Illinois School Psychologists.

A total of 228 Illinois school psychologists responded to a questionnaire regarding networking and liaison activities and job satisfaction. The results suggested that Illinois school psychologists are satisfied overall with their jobs and spend a considerable amount of time engaging in networking and leadership activities involving various school personnel, family members, and community agency representatives. Implications for the field of school psychology and future research are discussed.
Effects of host plant and temperature on growth and reproduction of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)

Development time and life table parameters of Thrips palmi Karny, a pest new to the continental United States, were measured at 3 temperatures on 4 host plants. Net reproductive rate was the highest because of greatest survival and highest egg production when thrips were reared at 26°C on winter melon, Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. , compared with bell pepper. However, because of shorter development time, the intrinsic rates of natural increase for T. palmi were highest when individuals were reared at 32°C on these 3 host plants. Although development times were similar on all 4 hosts at 26°C, survival and reproduction were much lower for thrips reared on bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. , leaves. At 15 and 32°C, these differences were even greater, with only 40 and 48% of thrips reared on bell pepper surviving at the respective temperatures. T. palmi was able to tolerate the low temperature (56% mortality when held at O°C for 15 h) much better than the high temperature (100% mortality at 40°C for 15 h), which may partially explain why T. palmi populations are high in winter and spring and low in the summer in Florida. This study provides information needed to understand population dynamics of thrips in important vegetable crops, information which will be valuable in developing and evaluating cultural and biological controls for this extremely damaging pest.
Particle Detachment, Resuspension and Transport Due to Human Walking in Indoor Environments

In this work, particles detachment, resuspension and transport due to indoor human walking were studied numerically and experimentally. The stepping motions of the foot, down and up, were modeled using a combination of two effective circular disks. The flow generated by the squeezing film at the shoe–floor interface was assumed to be laminar and the corresponding velocity field was evaluated. The flow outside of the foot was modeled based on a wall jet theory. The effects of adhesion force and surface roughness were included in the analysis. Models for particle detachment and resuspension were developed. The effects of particle-wall adhesion force and the hydrodynamic drag and lift forces were included in the particle detachment model. Spreading and dispersion of resuspended particle clouds was also evaluated. Particle deposition, turbulent diffusion and Brownian diffusion were also included in the particle transport model. Comparisons of the model predictions for particle concentration in the room and fo...
Patron-initiated borrowing and traditional ILL: the cascade experience

Purpose – To report and analyze transaction data over a four‐year period for patron‐initiated borrowing via the Cascade union catalog as well as transaction data for traditional ILL in a consortium of six academic libraries in Washington State.Design/methodology/approach – Transaction data for patron‐initiated borrowing via the Cascade union catalog were gathered from statistics produced by the Inn‐Reach software. Data for ILL were collected via a survey of libraries’ staff. Data for returnables and copies were analyzed at the consortium and institutional level.Findings – In the third year of patron‐initiated borrowing, traditional ILL transactions for returnables had decreased 21 per cent consortium‐wide, the total number of transactions for returnables had increased 271.9 per cent, and the transactions for copies remained steady. Although the borrowing and lending patterns at the six libraries varied, each loaned and borrowed more returnables via patron‐initiated borrowing than via traditional ILL.Resea...
A New Poecilanthrax Bee Fly Species (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Arizona

Abstract A new species of Poecilanthrax Osten Sacken is described from south-central Arizona. Poecilanthrax arizonensis Taber was collected near the top of Usery Peak in Maricopa County, in upland Sonoran Desert. Similar species include Poecilanthrax arethusa (Osten Sacken), Poecilanthrax effrenus (Coquillett), and Poecilanthrax signatipennis (Cole). Photographs and descriptions are provided to distinguish the new species from other bee flies.
Identity of sanadaol with β-crenulal, a diterpene from the brown alga Dictyota crenulata

β-crenulal is a moniter constituent of the marine brown alga Dictyota crenulata from Hawaii and is identical with sanadaol isolated from Pachydictyon coriaceum in Japan
Re-examination of Compliant Wall Experiments in Air with Water Substrates

A possible alternative explanation is proposed for compliant wall drag reductions measured in previous investigations. Standing waves were observed to form on the surfaces of compliant wall models in air with water substrates as the freestream velocity was increased from 15 to 30 m/s. These waves resembled sine waves with half of the wave protruding over the upstream portion of the model and the other half being recessed over the downstream end of the model. These data coupled with results of recent drag reduction experiments suggest that standing waves could have caused a shift in the model center of gravity creating a bending moment that was interpreted as a reduction in the skin friction drag.
Increased suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion by chronic and acute estradiol administration in underfed adult female rats.

These studies attempted to elucidate the relationship between estradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in chronically underfed (R) adult female rats. Examination of the response to ovariectomy revealed a significant delay in the onset of the postcastration increase in LH secretion in R females compared to control (C) animals. Chronic estrogen treatment in the form of Silastic capsules containing varying doses of E2. The response of C females was dose-dependent, ranging from complete suppression at 10 micrograms E2/animal to an absence of inhibition at 2.4 micrograms E2/animal. The acute response of LH secretion to E2 administration in the ovariectomized female indicated an increased suppression of plasma LH at 6 and 24 h after a single s.c. injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) in R compared to C animals. There was no difference between R and C rats in the ratio of free to protein-bound estradiol in the serum. The results of these studies suggest that the negative feedback efficacy of estrogen on LH secretion is significantly enhanced by reduced food intake in adult female rats and may be responsible for the loss of reproductive cyclicity in these animals.
The long-run performance of diversifying firms

The corporate diversification literature presents a puzzle. Short-horizon event studies report positive abnormal returns around the announcement of a diversifying event, while studies that examine diversified firms find evidence that diversified firms are worth less than specialized firms (a diversification discount). If diversification is value destroying, perhaps the destruction occurs over longer periods than have been previously tested. This paper tests the hypothesis that diversifying firms have negative long-run abnormal performance following diversification by examining a sample of specialized firms that have a diversifying event from 1978 through 1998. The firms are tracked for up to five years past their diversification year. There is evidence that value is destroyed for small firms that diversify but enhanced for larger firms that diversify.
Response of Broilers and Capons to Heat Stress Following Adrenal Manipulation

Five-week-old capons and normal broiler males were used in an experiment to test the effect of caponization and adrenal cortical manipulation on subsequent heat stress survival. Saline, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) at 20 IU/kg, or metyrapone at 60 mg/kg was given daily at either 0730 or 1400 hr. No differences attributable to the time of injection were found. Prestress weights for all groups were not significantly different. Capons and sham-operated males receiving either the vehicle or metyrapone showed significantly higher heat stress mortality (P less than .01) than capons receiving ACTH. This suggests an important adrenal contribution in the ability of young chickens to withstand high environmental temperatures. The results also indicate that the susceptibility of male broilers to heat stress is not directly related to the testes.
Genomic Landscape of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers

Recent next-generation sequencing studies have generated a comprehensive overview of the genomic landscape of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. This review summarizes these findings to provide insight into the tumor biology of these cancers and potential therapeutic opportunities for HPV-driven malignancies. In addition to the tumorigenic properties of the HPV oncoproteins, integration of HPV DNA into the host genome is suggested to be a driver of the neoplastic process. Integration may confer a growth and survival advantage via enhanced expression of viral oncoproteins, alteration of critical cellular genes, and changes in global promoter methylation and transcription. Alteration of cellular genes may lead to loss of function of tumor suppressor genes, enhanced oncogene expression, loss of function of DNA repair genes, or other vital cellular functions. Recurrent integrations in RAD51B, NR4A2, and TP63, leading to aberrant forms of these proteins, are observed in both HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical carcinoma. Additional genomic alterations, independent of integration events, include recurrent PIK3CA mutations (and aberrations in other members of the PI3K pathway), alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (primarily FGFR2 and FGFR3 in HPV-positive HNSCC, and ERBB2 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma), and genes in pathways related to squamous cell differentiation and immune responses. A number of the alterations identified are potentially targetable, which may lead to advances in the treatment of HPV-associated cancers.
Differential Expression of Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Genes and Their Regulation by NF-κB Inhibition in a Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis

Fibrosis is a major complication of chronic inflammation, as seen in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, two forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. To elucidate inflammatory signals that regulate fibrosis, we investigated gene expression changes underlying chronic inflammation and fibrosis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced murine colitis. Six weekly 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enemas were given to establish colitis and temporal gene expression patterns were obtained at 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-wk time points. The 6-wk point, TNBS-w6, was the active, chronic inflammatory stage of the model marked by macrophage, neutrophil, and CD3 + and CD4 + T cell infiltrates in the colon, consistent with the idea that this model is T cell immune response driven. Proinflammatory genes Cxcl1 , Ccl2 , Il1b , Lcn2 , Pla2g2a , Saa3 , S100a9 , Nos2 , Reg2 , and Reg3g , and profibrogenic extracellular matrix genes Col1a1 , Col1a2 , Col3a 1 , and Lum (lumican), encoding a collagen-associated proteoglycan, were up-regulated at the active/chronic inflammatory stages. Rectal administration of the NF-κB p65 antisense oligonucleotide reduced but did not abrogate inflammation and fibrosis completely. The antisense oligonucleotide treatment reduced total NF-κB by 60% and down-regulated most proinflammatory genes. However, Ccl2 , a proinflammatory chemokine known to promote fibrosis, was not down-regulated. Among extracellular matrix gene expressions Lum was suppressed while Col1a1 and Col3a1 were not. Thus, effective treatment of fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease may require early and complete blockade of NF-κB with particular attention to specific proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes that remain active at low levels of NF-κB.
The Relationship between Culture and Suicide: An Analysis of African Americans

Traditional explanations of suicide, such as economic strain, are often unable to explain the low incidence of suicide among African Americans. Recent qualitative work has suggested, however, that ...
Sanctions as revelation regimes

Sanctioning in the face of uncertainty has been investigated from the perspective of signaling models, in which an informed target sends a signal and the sanctioner decides to sanction or not. As the more powerful power, however, the sanctioner could take the lead rather than react to the action of the target. Borrowing from contract theory, I present a new approach to the sanctioning of a target of unknown type in which the sanctioner explicitly structures the target’s options before the target moves. The theory shows that in a situation in which a sanctioning state is ignorant of the target’s willingness to comply, it may be able to elicit the revelation of that information through a careful mix of incentives. I derive the comparative statics and provide historical illustrations.
Design of VLSI adaptive neural network

The design and simulation of an adaptive analog neural architecture which is highly suitable for CMOS VLSI implementation are reported. To allow the construction of these networks, CMOS analog VLSI building blocks (synapse and neuron) were proposed. The speciality of the synapse module is its ability to perform the learning phase on the chip itself based on a learning rule denoted by the sign algorithm. A neuron circuit based on a sigmoid function was developed. Simulations demonstrate the learning capability of this synapse circuit and the versatility of the neuron circuit, which establish a VLSI modular architecture for composing a large-scale neural network system. The application of the architecture is illustrated by several examples to verify the design concepts. >
The Caribbean slipper spurge Euphorbia tithymaloides: the first example of a ring species in plants

A ring species arises when a parental population expands around an area of unsuitable habitat in such a way that when the two fronts meet they behave as distinct species while still being connected through a series of intergrading populations. Ring species offer great possibilities for studying the forces causing species divergence (e.g. the nature of pre-zygotic or post-zygotic reproductive isolation) or helping to maintain species integrity (e.g. reinforcement). Yet, ring species are extremely rare, and have only been documented convincingly in animals. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear gene regions from the Caribbean slipper spurge ( Euphorbia tithymaloides ) species complex that provide evidence that this group forms a ring species. These data show that the species complex originated in the area where Mexico and Guatemala meet, and expanded around the Caribbean basin along two distinct fronts: one eastward through the Yucatan Peninsula and into the Greater Antilles (GA); one southeastward through northern South America and then northward to the Lesser Antilles and eastern GA. The two terminal forms co-occur in the Virgin Islands and appear to be morphologically and ecologically distinct. Thus, our results suggest that Euphorbia tithymaloides is the first compelling example of a ring species in plants.
Students’ Perceptions of Social Loafing: Its Antecedents and Consequences in Undergraduate Business Classroom Teams

We report the findings from a 2-stage study of student perceptions of social loafing as it occurs in undergraduate business classroom teams. Given the popularity of student teams as a teaching and learning tool in undergraduate business classrooms, as well as the near absence of research that has focused on students’ definition of the problem, our purpose was to develop preliminary findings and spur new thinking about social loafing in this context. A definition of the construct was developed, and its key antecedents and consequences identified by way of exploratory analysis of student perceptions. The resulting hypotheses and conceptual model were tested using a structural equations model by way of a survey of 349 students taking classes in an undergraduate business program. Student perceptions of social loafing seem more complex than current views suggest. They point to student apathy and social disconnectedness as antecedents, and note that they take compensatory action when members of their teams social loaf. We identify issues for future research and discuss implications for instructors and program administrators.
Growth arrest- and polyamine-dependent expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in human tumor cells

Polyamines are essential for optimal cell growth. The regulation of polyamine biosynthetic, but not catabolic, enzymes has been studied in detail. Because intracellular polyamine contents depend on both synthesis and catabolism, we studied the regulation of spermidine/spermine N�-acetyltransferase (N1SSAT), the first enzyme in polyamine catabolism. Steady-state RNA levels of W’SSAT increased 3-5 fold as human colon tumor-derived HCTI 16 cells traversed the log phase and entered the plateau phase. Depletion of cellular polyamines, using a-drnuoromethylomithine, caused a decrease in the steady-state levels of both the 1.3-kb W’SSAT transcript and its 3.5-kb precursor, wfthout affecting the stability of either RNA. N’SSAT enzyme activity was low in cells with normal polyamine contents but could be induced by heat shock. The level of induction of N’SSAT enzyme actMty by heat shock
Are Going Concern Opinions Associated with the Reversal of Financial Distress for Bankrupt Firms

We examine a set of bankrupt firms and test the relation between going concern opinions [GCs] and the emergence from bankruptcy. If the role of GCs is to alert stakeholders to the potential of financial failure, as prescribed by the auditing standards, then those investors and creditors who receive such a signal should be able to take actions to reduce their potential losses. Our results indicate that GCs are positively associated with bankruptcy emergence under both SAS No. 59 and the predecessor standard SAS No. 34, indicative of GCs being an effective warning of financial distress. The prior literature suggests, however, that managers may take steps that delay or avoid GCs, and thus reducing the likelihood of a favorable resolution, such as manipulating earnings or switching auditors. In the first case, managers may manipulate their accruals over many years in an ongoing attempt to cover up the deteriorating financial condition of the firm, such that by the time these signs are observable (i.e., low liquidity ratios or high debt-to-equity ratios), stressed firms would have fully exhausted the leeway in their accruals, leaving these firms to report using income-increasing accounting methods. In the second case, managers may switch auditors when their current auditor can no longer ignore negative information about the firm’s future prospects. We find that the use of income-increasing accounting methods at the time of the bankruptcy filing, and/or switching auditors shortly before the filing are negatively associated with bankruptcy emergence, but only during the SAS No. 59 period. This suggests that under SAS No. 59, managers may have more flexibility to take actions that would delay or avoid GCs than they had under the predecessor standard. We expect this finding to be of great interest to the PCAOB as the board revisits the existing set of auditing guidelines.
Magnetic exchange coupling in chloride-bridged 5f-3d heterometallic complexes generated via insertion into a uranium(IV) dimethylpyrazolate dimer.

The homoleptic dimer complex [U(Me2Pz)4]2 (Me2Pz− = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate) was obtained upon reacting UCl4 with KMe2Pz in THF, followed by extraction into toluene. The structure of the dimer consists of two UIV centers, each coordinated in a pseudo trigonal bipyramidal geometry, connected through two bridging Me2Pz- ligands. Bases are capable of cleaving the dimer; for example, reaction with THF affords the mononuclear complex (Me2Pz)4U(THF). More importantly, the dimer can be cleaved via insertion of terminal chloride ligands, such that reactions with (cyclam)MCl2 (M = Ni, Cu, Zn; cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) in dichloromethane generate the linear, chloride-bridged clusters (cyclam)M[(μ-Cl)U(Me2Pz)4]2. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data were collected for all three clusters to probe any possible magnetic exchange coupling. The data for the cluster centered by an S = 0 ZnII ion exhibit behavior typical of UIV complexes, with χMT decreasing steadily as the temperature drops. ...
Dismantling study of prevention and relationship education program: the effects of a structured communication intervention.

Couples Relationship Education (CRE) programs have been shown to improve many facets of relationship functioning; however, less is known about the specific effects of various components of CRE programs. The current study examined two versions of the Prevention and Relationship Education Program (PREP), one where a structured communication intervention was taught and one where it was not. Outcome variables included couples’ communication behaviors, communication patterns, and overall relationship adjustment. Twenty-six couples (52 participants) completed a 4-week, 12-hr PREP workshop. Generally, the couples reported low to moderate relationship distress. Study measures were completed preintervention, 4–6 weeks post, and 6 months post. Couples in the structured communication condition reported more positive and fewer negative communication behaviors at 6-month follow up and they reported faster gains in positive communication behaviors compared with the no structured communication group. Both groups reported decreased negative communication patterns and no change in relationship adjustment; these changes were statistically similar for both groups. Implications for couples’ communications and relationship education programs are discussed.
Impact of obesity on functioning among women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective Obesity is associated with high rates of disability in the general population. The nature of the relationship between obesity and disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition with a high background rate of disability, is unknown. Methods Data were from 2 interviews, 4 years apart, of a longitudinal cohort of individuals with SLE (n = 716 women). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight; obesity was classified by usual (BMI ≥30) and revised (BMI ≥26.8) definitions. Three measures of functioning were examined: the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey physical function (PF) subscale, Valued Life Activities (VLA) Disability Questionnaire, and employment. Multivariate analyses controlled for demographics, SLE duration and disease activity, glucocorticoid use, depression, and comorbidities. Prospective analyses also controlled for baseline function. Results At a BMI of ≥30, 27.8% of the subjects were obese; at a BMI of ≥26.8, 40.6% of the subjects were obese. Regardless of obesity definition, obese women exhibited poorer baseline function, with decrements ranging from 20–33% depending on the functional measure and obesity definition. With a BMI of ≥26.8, the adjusted SF-36 PF scores were 4.3 points lower for obese women (P < 0.0001), VLA difficulty was 0.09 higher (P = 0.01), and odds of employment were 80% of nonobese women (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.5–1.1). At the 4-year followup, women who were obese at baseline had poorer function and experienced greater functional declines. Conclusion Obesity was associated with clinically significant negative effects on function, both concurrently and prospectively. This negative impact occurred at a lower BMI than is often considered problematic clinically. Because of the high rate of SLE-related disability, addressing preventable risk factors such as obesity may improve long-term SLE outcomes.
Style in Multisectoral Modelling

The need for multisectoral models of the U.S. economy has increased in the last few years as the economy has been buffeted by large changes in relative prices and by rapid growth in some sectors and decay in others. Thus Leontieff models of the type developed by Almon, Buckler, and Reimbold (1974) are required. However, the models should not only have quantity equations but also price equations; see Henaff (1980). Moreover, since relative price changes have been large it would be useful to have models that permit substitution between factors of production as do the general equilibrium models created (i) for the developing countries by Adelman and Robinson (1978), Dervis, de Melo, and Robinson (1982), and Kelley and Williamson (1981); and (ii) for the United States by Jorgenson (1982) and his associates, and by Fullerton, Shoven and Whalley (1980). The models also should employ efficient computational methods so that they can be disaggregated to include many sectors and can also be extended to include many time periods and many regions.*
Speculative data-driven multithreading

Mispredicted branches and loads that miss in the cache cause the majority of retirement stalls experienced by sequential processors; we call these critical instructions. Despite their importance, a sequential processor has difficulty prioritizing critical computations (computations of critical instructions), because it must fetch all computations sequentially, regardless of their contribution to performance. Speculative data-driven multithreading (DDMT) is a general-purpose mechanism for overcoming this limitation. In DDAT critical computations are annotated so that they can execute standalone. When the processor predicts an upcoming instance of a critical instruction, it microarchiturally forks a copy of its computation as a new kind of speculative thread: a data-driven thread (DDT). The DDT executes in parallel with the main program thread, but typically generates the critical result much faster since it fetches and executes only the critical computation and not the whole program. A DDT "pre-executes" a critical computation and effectively "consumes" its latency on behalf of the main thread. A DDMT component called integration incorporates results completed in DDTs directly, into the main thread, sparing it from having to repent the work. We simulate an implementation of DDMT on top of a simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processor and use program profiles to create DDTs and annotate them into the executable. Our experiments show that DDMT pre-execution of critical loads and branches can improve performance significantly.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Other HIV-Associated Skin Cancers

Cutaneous neoplasms are cancers that originate from the skin and are the most common malignancies in the USA. Patients with HIV and other immunocompromised diseases have not only a greater risk of developing common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma but also more unusual cutaneous tumors such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), and certain lymphomas.
Molecular Basis of Cell Death Programs in Mature T Cell Homeostasis

Overview of Peripheral T Cell Homeostasis The lymphocyte is a major class of white blood cell that defends the body from attack by infectious agents and confers long-term protection through immunological memory. Lymphocytes are also involved in pathological immune reactions including graft rejection, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. Their remarkable capacity to proliferate up to 5,000-fold in response to antigen must be counterbalanced by a controlled process of removing cells. This is achieved through molecular pathways of programmed cell death, which maintain selective and specific homeostasis of the numbers of lymphocytes and other immune cells. We focus principally on cell death mechanisms in T lymphocytes that control the number of T cells of a given antigen specificity represented in the finite T cell niche. Here, we discuss the central role of caspases in the regulation of the general pathways of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic T cell apoptosis and programmed necrosis with an overview of their importance for human health.
Development of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification and Quantification of CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8 and JWH-250 in Mouse Brain

While Marijuana continues to be the most widely used illicit drug, abuse of synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) compounds in ‘Spice’ or ‘K2’ herbal incense products has emerged as a significant public health concern in many European countries and in the USA. Several of these SCBs have been declared Schedule I controlled substances but detection and quantification in biological samples remain a challenge. Therefore, we present a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method after liquid–liquid extraction for the quantitation of CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8 and JWH-250 in mouse brain. We report data for linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy/bias, precision, recovery, selectivity, carryover, matrix effects and stability experiments which were developed and fully validated based on Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology guidelines for forensic toxicology method validation. Acceptable coefficients of variation for accuracy/bias, within- and between-run precision and selectivity were determined, with all values within ±15% of the target concentration. Validation experiments revealed degradation of CP-47, 497 and CP-47,497-C8 at different temperatures, and significant ion suppression was produced in brain for all compounds tested. The method was successfully applied to detect and quantify CP-47,497 in brains from mice demonstrating significant cannabimimetic behavioral effects as assessed by the classical tetrad paradigm.
Abstract 5428: Rewiring of glucose metabolism in cancer.

This seminar topic focuses on the role glucose metabolism in cancer biology. A common theme within this biology is a rewiring of metabolism to support and drive these processes. I will discuss how changes in the metabolism of cancer cells alters the physic-chemical properties of the metabolic network. At the core of this effort lies the utilization of computational modeling and mass spectrometry. Using these tools, we have studied the effects of an alternative glycolytic pathway observed in proliferating cells that we recently identified. These efforts have enumerated several principles of glycolytic regulation in growing cells. We have also defined and characterized a metabolic pathway that is genetically selected for and drives the development of human cancer. This pathway involves the diversion of glycolytic flux into de novo serine metabolism through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). This direction has also led us to the study of how metabolism can regulate pluripotency and cell fate determination. Together, these findings define a systems biology approach through combining these mathematical tools with an integration of genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and metabolomics. Citation Format: Jason W. Locasale. Rewiring of glucose metabolism in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5428. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5428
Honoring the Everyday Preferences of Nursing Home Residents: Perceived Choice and Satisfaction With Care.

Purpose of the Study The nursing home (NH) culture change movement advocates for residents to be able to make choices about important aspects of their care. This study seeks to understand NH residents' perceptions of choice that they have in the care they receive while in the NH setting. We examine the association between residents' perceived choice and satisfaction with care preferences being met using a mixed methods approach. Design and Methods Using the Preferences of Everyday Living Inventory, cognitive interviews were completed with 39 NH residents which resulted in a total of 600 item-level ratings of residents' perceived choice and satisfaction and corresponding open-ended comments on choice. Results Quantitative findings revealed a significant Pearson correlation between residents' perceived choice and satisfaction (r = .47, p < .001). Participants' responses of free choice were linked to significantly higher ratings of satisfaction compared to no choice and some choice. Responses of some choice were associated with significantly higher ratings of satisfaction than the no choice group. Open-ended comments provided greater depth in understanding regarding how residents perceive the level of choice in fulfilling their preferences. Implications This study establishes a positive association between NH residents' perceived choice and feelings of satisfaction with their care preferences being met. Offering choices that are deemed favorable or solicited from NH residents is a fundamental step toward increasing resident satisfaction with NH care.
“Reclaiming Their Historical Agency”: A Critical Analysis of International News Discourses on Occupy and Arab Spring

ABSTRACTIn this study, the authors examine the interrelationship between culture, media, globalization, and social movements through a critical discourse analysis of international news discourses on the Arab Spring and the U.S.-based Occupy movement(s). Following several calls to pay closer attention to democratic discourses and/or practices within globalized social movements, they explore the ways in which news discourses about the Arab Spring and Occupy reinforce dominant ideologies related to global capitalism, cultural imperialism, and Eurocentric democracy. The authors further delineate differences between the ideology of democracy and the practices of democratization. This analysis reveals important implications for conceptions of agency and democracy in a globalized world.
Initial motion of the first longitudinal earthquake wave recorded at Pasadena and Huancayo

The initial motion of the first longitudinal earthquake waves (P waves) recorded at a station is (1) upward or away from the epicenter (compression = c) or (2) downward or toward the epicenter (dilatation = d). The P waves do not change their phase during their propagation through the earth, and the first motion, obtained from seismograms, depends only on the earthquake mechanism. The directions of later waves (such as pP, P_cP, PP, etc.) depend both on the earthquake mechanism and the possible phase changes on reflections; also, their directions are generally more difficult to determine from seismic records, owing to the motion already existing when they arrive. When the earthquake mechanism has been established by means of the P waves, the direction of motion of the later waves could give some information about the earth's interior.
Application of scenario simulation in occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS of emergency handling training

The objective of this article is to explore scenario training exercises on prevention procedure during emergence response to health care professionals exposed to HIV in an occupational setting.We have compiled guidelines on emergence response and prevention procedure,analyzed the effectiveness and limitation of scenario simulation training exercise.As a result,students have enhanced their awareness of self-protection and are better prepared to follow standard operation procedures and to apply universal prevention measures in use of personal protection equipment.In conclusion,the scenario simulation training exercises have significantly improved the abilities of students for their self-prevention during emergence response to their occupational exposure to HIV.
Resorptive drug use among community-dwelling women in Minnesota.

PURPOSE: The frequency of and factors associated with the use of resorptive medications among community-dwelling women age 45 years or older in Minnesota were studied. METHODS: The study was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey mailed to 1700 community-dwelling women age 45 years or older in Minnesota. The survey was designed to collect information about women9s attitudes and beliefs regarding osteoporosis and antiresorptive medications. Respondents were also asked to give a detailed list of all prescription medications they currently used, including the quantity and directions for use. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the demographic, health, and medication-use characteristics of all respondents and for the subset of those using resorptive medications. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used to test bivariate and multivariate relationships. RESULTS: Of the 990 usable surveys returned (adjusted response rate of 61.1%), 84 respondents (8.5%) reported using a resorptive drug. Age, health status, and the use of health care services (monthly physician visits and prescription use) were associated with resorptive drug use, controlling for other variables in the model. Women using resorptive medications were nearly 2.5 times more likely to report osteoporosis and osteopenia than women not using these medications. CONCLUSION: The use of resorptive medications in community-dwelling women in Minnesota was highest among those 75-84 years of age, women who were in poor health, and those frequently using health care services. These women were more likely to report using newer antiresorptive medications but were not more likely to use hormone therapy or calcium supplementation.