cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coresets for Kernel Regression

Kernel regression is an essential and ubiquitous tool for non-parametric data analysis, particularly popular among time series and spatial data. However, the central operation which is performed many times, evaluating a kernel on the data set, takes linear time. This is impractical for modern large data sets. In this paper we describe coresets for kernel regression: compressed data sets which can be used as proxy for the original data and have provably bounded worst case error. The size of the coresets are independent of the raw number of data points; rather they only depend on the error guarantee, and in some cases the size of domain and amount of smoothing. We evaluate our methods on very large time series and spatial data, and demonstrate that they incur negligible error, can be constructed extremely efficiently, and allow for great computational gains.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER PLACEMENT OF AN ANTIBIOTIC CEMENT SPACER IN STAGED REVISION KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

BACKGROUND High-dose antibiotic cement spacers are commonly used to treat prosthetic joint infections following knee arthroplasties. Several clinical studies have shown a high success rate with antibiotic cement spacers, however there is little data on the systemic complications of high-dose antibiotic spacers, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aims to determine the incidence of AKI and identify risk factors predisposing patients undergoing staged revision arthroplasty with antibiotic cement spacers. METHODS A single-institution, retrospective review was used to collect and analyze clinical and demographic data for patients who underwent staged revision total knee arthroplasty with placement of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer from 2006 to 2016. A search was made through specific procedure (DRG) and diagnostic (CD) codes. Baseline descriptive data were collected for all patients including age, sex, medical comorbidities, type and quantity of antibiotics used in the cement spacer, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hg), BMI, smoking status, peak creatinine levels, and random vancomycin levels. Acute kidney injury was defined as a more than 50% rise in serum creatinine from a preoperative baseline within 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 54 staged revision TKA surgeries performed by 5 different surgeons between 2006 and 2016. The total incidence of AKI was 31% (n=17). There was a significant positive association between change in creatinine level and use of oral/intravenous antibiotics (p=0.03, Spearman9s rho=0.33) and a significant positive association between AKI and the use of tobramycin cement (p=0.01, Spearman9s rho=0.38). Factors that were not significantly associated with AKI include presence of preexisting hypertension (p = 0.26), hyperlipidemia (p = 0.83), coronary artery disease (p = 0.86), chronic kidney disease (p=0.56), and smoking status (p=.35). There was a trend towards increased risk of AKI in patients with diabetes mellitus (p= 0.12), however this was not significant. CONCLUSION In single staged revision knee arthroplasty there is a significant association between acute kidney injury and type of oral/intravenous antibiotic used in the treatment. Both the use of intravenous vancomycin and tobramycin cement are independently associated with higher rates of AKI. Preexisting medical comorbidities are not independent risk factors for development of AKI. Serum creatinine and measurement of serum aminoglycoside and vancomycin levels should be performed after placement of an aminoglycoside-containing antibiotic cement spacer in a staged revision arthroplasty.
FRETTING AND CORROSION DAMAGE IN SLEEVED CERAMIC HEADS: A RETRIEVAL STUDY

Introduction During revision surgery with a well-fixed stem, a titanium sleeve can be used in conjunction with a ceramic head to achieve better stress distribution across the taper surface. Previous studies have observed that the use of a ceramic head can mitigate the extent of corrosion damage at the taper. Moreover, in vitro testing suggests that corrosion is not a concern in sleeved ceramic heads [1]; however, little is known about the in vivo fretting corrosion of the sleeves. The purpose of this study was to investigate fretting corrosion in sleeved ceramic heads. Materials and Methods Thirty sleeved ceramic heads (Biolox Option: CeramTec) were collected during revision surgery as part of a multi-center retrieval program. The sleeves were used in conjunction with a zirconia-toughened alumina femoral head. The femoral heads and sleeves were implanted between 0.0 and 3.25 years (0.8±0.9, Figure 1). The implants were revised predominantly for instability (n=14), infection (n=7), and loosening (n=5). Fifty percent of the retrievals were implanted during a primary surgery, while 50% had a history of a prior revision surgery. Fretting corrosion was scored using a previously described 4-point, semi-quantitative scoring system proposed by Higgs [2]. Results Among the sleeved ceramic heads, mild-to-moderate fretting corrosion scores (Score = 2–3) were observed in 96% of internal tapers, 26% of external tapers, and 82% of the stems. On the internal taper surface, 5 sleeves had moderate fretting corrosion data (Score = 3, Figure 2). None of sleeves had severe (Score = 4) at any taper surface. Fretting corrosion scores were higher at the internal taper surface than the external taper. Implantation time was the main predictor of increased fretting-corrosion of the external sleeve tapers. Discussion For the sleeved ceramic heads, we found that fretting corrosion can occur in these components, particularly on the internal surface of the sleeve. However, the fretting corrosion scores were predominantly mild, and lower than fretting scores of CoCr heads in metal on polyethylene bearings. Because the sleeves are Ti alloy, the corrosion products are considered to be less cytotoxic than Co and Cr. The primary limitation to this study is the short-term follow-up of these retrievals. As the fretting corrosion process is often associated with in vivo duration, future studies with longer-term implants are necessary to elucidate the long-term performance of these devices.
Probabilistic models of species discovery and biodiversity comparisons

Inferring large-scale processes that drive biodiversity hinges on understanding the phylogenetic and spatial pattern of species richness. However, clades and geographic regions are accumulating newly described species at an uneven rate, potentially affecting the stability of currently observed diversity patterns. Here, we present a probabilistic model of species discovery to assess the uncertainty in diversity levels among clades and regions. We use a Bayesian time series regression to estimate the long-term trend in the rate of species description for marine bivalves and find a distinct spatial bias in the accumulation of new species. Despite these biases, probabilistic estimates of future species richness show considerable stability in the currently observed rank order of regional diversity. However, absolute differences in richness are still likely to change, potentially modifying the correlation between species numbers and geographic, environmental, and biological factors thought to promote biodiversity. Applied to scallops and related clades, we find that accumulating knowledge of deep-sea species will likely shift the relative richness of these three families, emphasizing the need to consider the incomplete nature of bivalve taxonomy in quantitative studies of its diversity. Along with estimating expected changes to observed patterns of diversity, the model described in this paper pinpoints geographic areas and clades most urgently requiring additional systematic study-an important practice for building more complete and accurate models of biodiversity dynamics that can inform ecological and evolutionary theory and improve conservation practice.
Damage Mechanisms in Nanolayered Metallic Composites

The strengths of metallic multilayers, composed of alternating layers of soft metals such as Cu and Nb, approach the theoretical limit of material strength when the bilayer periods are on the order of a few nanometers. We have investigated the damage mechanisms in these ultra-high strength nanolayered composite materials subjected to monotonic deformation. Large strain plastic deformation such as room temperature rolling does not lead to any dislocation cell structure formation within the layers indicating that the deformation and dislocation storage mechanisms in nanostructured materials are completely different from the bulk. In bulk metals, dislocation pile-ups lead to heterogeneous slip, but in nano-materials, deformation by single dislocations on closely spaced glide planes results in more homogeneously distributed slip. The implications of the high tensile strengths and homogeneous slip on the fatigue properties of nanolayered materials are also discussed.
Context-aware recursive bayesian graph traversal in BCIs

Noninvasive brain computer interfaces (BCI), and more specifically Electroencephalography (EEG) based systems for intent detection need to compensate for the low signal to noise ratio of EEG signals. In many applications, the temporal dependency information from consecutive decisions and contextual data can be used to provide a prior probability for the upcoming decision. In this study we proposed two probabilistic graphical models (PGMs), using context information and previously observed EEG evidences to estimate a probability distribution over the decision space in graph based decision-making mechanism. In this approach, user moves a pointer to the desired vertex in the graph in which each vertex represents an action. To select a vertex, a “Select” command, or a proposed probabilistic Selection criterion (PSC) can be used to automatically detect the user intended vertex. Performance of different PGMs and Selection criteria combinations are compared over a keyboard based on a graph layout. Based on the simulation results, probabilistic Selection criterion along with the probabilistic graphical model provides the highest performance boost for individuals with pour calibration performance and achieving the same performance for individuals with high calibration performance.
Leadership-as-practice: Theory and application—An editor’s reflection:

In this review article, the editor of the new Routledge volume, Leadership-as-Practice: Research and Application, describes the foundation, thematic attributes, and critical uniqueness of leadershi...
REVERSE SHOULDER PROSTHESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCKED ANTERIOR SHOULDERS: A COMPARISON OF CLASSICAL REVERSE SHOULDER INDICATIONS

Background Locked anterior shoulders (LAS) with static instability and anterior glenoid bone loss are challenging in the elderly population. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been employed in treating these patients. No study has compared RSA for LAS to classically indicated RSA. Methods A case-control study of patients treated with RSA for LAS with glenoid bone loss and static instability was performed using matched controls treated with primary RSA for classic indications. Twenty-four cases and 48 controls were evaluated. Average follow-up was 25.5 months and median age was 76. Motion, outcome assessments, and postoperative radiographs were compared. Results Preoperatively, LAS had significantly less rotation and lower baseline outcome scores. Glenoid bone grafting was more common (p=0.05) in control group (26%) than LAS group (6.3%). Larger glenospheres were utilized more often (p=0.001) in LAS group (75%) than control group (29%). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and outcome scores. Postoperatively, control group had significantly better elevation and functional outcome scores. With the exception of flexion and SST, effectiveness of treatment was similar between groups. Postoperative acromion stress fractures were seen in 21% of LAS and 9% of control (p=0.023) with a predominance of type 3 fractures in LAS. Two LAS patients remained dislocated. Conclusion Treatment with RSA for LAS may anticipate improvements in pain and function using larger glenospheres often without the need for glenoid bone grafting. Worse postoperative motion, function, and a higher incidence of acromion stress fracture may be expected.
Cocycle rigidity of abelian partially hyperbolic actions

Suppose G is a higher-rank connected semisimple Lie group with finite center and without compact factors. Let G = G or G = G ⋉ V, where V is a finite-dimensional vector space V. For any unitary representation (π,H) of G, we study the twisted cohomological equation π(a)f − λf = g for partially hyperbolic element a ∈ G and λ ∈ U(1), as well as the twisted cocycle equation π(a1)f − λ1f = π(a2)g − λ2g for commuting partially hyperbolic elements a1, a2 ∈ G. We characterize the obstructions to solving these equations, construct smooth solutions and obtain tame Sobolev estimates for the solutions. These results can be extended to partially hyperbolic flows in parallel. As an application, we prove cocycle rigidity for any abelian higher-rank partially hyperbolic algebraic actions. This is the first paper exploring rigidity properties of partially hyperbolic that the hyperbolic directions don’t generate the whole tangent space. The result can be viewed as a first step toward the application of KAM method in obtaining differential rigidity for these actions in future works.
Light management in resonant structures

Light management based on resonant structures offer extraordinary optical concentration and novel functionalities for optoelectronics and energy conversion devices. The limit of optical concentration will be discussed. Non-Hermitian interactions will be explored for optical-coupled electrical-isolated photodetectors.
Effects of dietary fatty acids on juvenile salmon growth, biochemistry, and aerobic performance: A laboratory rearing experiment

Abstract A three-phase experiment measured the effects of prey quality and fasting on juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) performance. The first phase was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of two essential fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on salmon growth. Salmon were reared for 12 weeks on three diets varying in proportions of krill ( Thysanoessa spinifera and Euphausia pacifica ) and northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ). Supplements of DHA and EPA were added to the formulated diets to achieve DHA:EPA ratios (0.6, 0.9, and 1.5) representative of naturally occurring prey. Growth rates over 12 weeks were not significantly different among diet treatments, which may be because DHA and EPA were provisioned at or above minimum requirements. Salmon maintained DHA at high levels (> 20% of total fatty acids) across all treatments and sampling periods, whereas EPA reflected dietary concentrations after 12 weeks. Fatty acids were incorporated into salmon muscle at varying rates but on average reflected diet after 1 to 2 months, similar to bulk stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. The second phase of the experiment was designed to evaluate fasting effects on salmon size, growth, and lipid storage over 4 weeks. Fed fish were heavier, grew faster, and had significantly more storage lipids than fasted fish. The third phase was designed to evaluate aerobic performance in fasted fish. Critical swim speeds were found to be positively related to salmon body size and storage lipids, but not prior diet quality, evidence that larger salmon with higher energy reserves may be better suited for overwinter survival due to their ability to swim faster than smaller leaner individuals. These results provide mechanistic support for the idea that body condition prior to the first ocean winter is important for juvenile salmon survival.
End-fire silicon optical phased array with half-wavelength spacing

We demonstrate an optical phased array with emitting elements spaced at half the operational wavelength. The device is a one-dimensional array fabricated on an integrated silicon platform for operation at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Light is emitted end-fire from the chip edge where the waveguides are terminated. The innovative design and high confinement afforded by the silicon waveguides enables λ/2 spacing (775-nm pitch) at the output thereby eliminating grating lobes and maximizing the power in the main lobe. Steering is achieved by inducing a phase shift between the waveguide feeds via integrated thermo-optic heaters. The device forms a beam with a full-width half-maximum angular width of 17°, and we demonstrate beam steering over a 64° range limited only by the element factor.
Incentives and Gaming in Collaborative Projects Under Risk-Sharing Partnerships

Problem definition: This article explores the incentive issues and gaming behaviors of firms under risk-sharing partnerships in a project management setting motivated by real-life examples. Academi...
Convergence of topological domain boundaries, insulators, and polytene interbands revealed by high-resolution mapping of chromatin contacts in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo

The DNA inside a cell is packaged into threaded structures called chromosomes. Early studies of chromosomes using insect larvae revealed a pattern of dark- and light-colored bands on the chromosomes that was unique to every region. For decades, it remained unclear if the bands had a specific role. More advanced techniques have shown that chromosomes are organized into a series of compact domains that contain separate regions of genes. Each region can be turned on or off at different times, depending on the needs of different cells. This allows cells to specialize into different cell types and tissues. Until now, it was unclear how these different regions are formed and controlled, and how they relate to the chromosome bands. Here, Stadler, Haines and Eisen used a specific technique to map the structure of chromosomes in early fly embryos, by using a chemical trap to capture closely located DNA pieces. The results showed that the chromosome domains corresponded to the banding patterns seen in the early studies. This suggest that light bands represent extended DNA that act as spacers between the dark gene regions. This study adds to the view that the way the DNA is organized influences gene activity. Creating a high-resolution model of the chromosomes will help us to better understand how their structure can influence the activity of genes. In future, scientists may be able to identify diseases that are caused by errors in the chromosome organization.
Dynamic Organization of Search Results Using the UMLS

Abstract When people search the medical literature, they often are overwhelmed by the large number of documents retrieved. Many systems try to solve this problem by helping the user formulate a more specific search strategy. However, when users do not have a more specific question, they need tools to help them explore and understand the results, rather than to eliminate a portion of those results. This paper describes an approach that addresses this need by automatically grouping the results of a broad search into meaningful categories based on the user's query. This approach combines the main benefit of clustering techniques with the main benefit of classification techniques by taking advantage of the domain knowledge present in the UMLS. I present a preliminary evaluation that demonstrates that a categorization produced by this approach corresponds reasonably well to a physician's categorization.
PSIP1/p75 promotes tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells by promoting the transcription of cell cycle genes

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, both at the pathological and molecular level, and several chromatin-associated proteins play crucial roles in BC initiation and progression. Here, we demonstrate the role of PSIP1 (PC4 and SF2 interacting protein)/p75 (LEDGF) in BC progression. PSIP1/p75, previously identified as a chromatin-adaptor protein, is found to be upregulated in basal-like/triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient samples and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry in tissue arrays showed elevated levels of PSIP1 in metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. Survival data analyses revealed that the levels of PSIP1 showed a negative association with TNBC patient survival. Depletion of PSIP1/p75 significantly reduced the tumorigenicity and metastatic properties of TNBC cell lines while its over-expression promoted tumorigenicity. Further, gene expression studies revealed that PSIP1 regulates the expression of genes controlling cell-cycle progression, cell migration and invasion. Finally, by interacting with RNA polymerase II, PSIP1/p75 facilitates the association of RNA pol II to the promoter of cell cycle genes and thereby regulates their transcription. Our findings demonstrate an important role of PSIP1/p75 in TNBC tumorigenicity by promoting the expression of genes that control the cell cycle and tumor metastasis.
MINIMUM VARIANCE CONTROL FOR MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT DEADTIMES IN INDIVIDUAL LOOPS

Abstract Current minimum variance control algorithms for multivariable systems assumes that the dead-times between the output measurements and the control actions are all equal. This is a necessary condition for the in-vertibility of a matrix used in determining the minimum variance controller. This study examines the case where at least one of the dead-times is larger than the others, resulting in a nonsingular matrix to be inverted. The derivation of the minimum variance controller involves correcting the controller cost criterion to take into account the added delay in some of the loops. This structure for the minimum variance controller is then applied to modify the standard MIMO-self-tuning regulator and the MIMO-self-tuning regulator with control penalty for the non-equal dead-time case.
Efficient Adaptive Control of a Two-Armed Free-Flying Robot

Abstract This paper presents a new efficient adaptive inverse dynamics controller for achieving precise manipulation of an unknown object by a multi-armed mobilebase robot. This is a difficult control problem that must address many topics such as coordinated control, redundant degrees-of-freedom (mobile base), and identification of the unknown object parameters. Previous methods address these issues except the parameter estimates do not converge. They also require inversion of Generalized Jacobian matrices which is computationally intensive. The new control method presented in this work incorporates a sequential hybrid estimation algorithm into the generalized inverse dynamics control structure. With sufficient excitation, the parameters converge to their true values. Efficiency of the adaptive control algorithm is enhanced by using a new efficient algorithm for inverting the Generalized Jacobian matrices. The entire adaptive control algorithm is described and plans for experimental verification are discussed.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urethra in Men After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer. Is Prophylactic Urethrectomy Indicated

A retrospective study of the incidence and clinical course of transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra is reported. Of 110 consecutive male patients who underwent cystectomy during a 9-year period, 9 had or developed a urethral tumour. Five patients undergoing radical cystectomy had known or suspected urethral involvement which was confirmed at urethrectomy. All 5 had deeply invasive (T3 or T4) transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and subsequently died of metastatic disease. Four patients underwent urethrectomy because of signs or symptoms of urethral recurrence at an average interval of 2.5 years after cystectomy. There were two deaths in this group, neither of which appeared to be due to urethral recurrence. Six additional patients had undergone prophylactic urethrectomy because of prostatic urethral involvement or diffuse carcinoma in situ in the cystectomy specimen, and none had identifiable tumour in the anterior urethra. The residual urethra is a potential focus for recurrent tumour and this necessitates careful follow-up with serial cytology, but the low incidence of urethral recurrence (3.5% in this series) does not appear to warrant routine urethrectomy at the time of cystectomy.
Renal Toxicity During Therapy With Gentamicin or Tobramycin

Twenty-seven patients who had normal pretherapy renal clearance by the [125I]iothalamate test were randomly assigned either gentamicin or tobramycin for therapy of infections due to susceptible bacteria. No patients were critically ill or had evidence of bacteremia. Mean age and duration of therapy were 51 years and 14 days, respectively, for 15 patients treated with gentamicin, and 45 years and 13 days for 12 patients treated with tobramycin. At the completion of therapy, six (40%) gentamicin and seven (58%) tobramycin patients had a decrease in renal clearance of at least 14% below baseline. The mean decrease was 26% in the gentamicin group and 23% in the tobramycin group. Simultaneous increases in serum creatinine concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.2 mg/dl) occurred in only 4 (31%) of the 13 patients. Of four patients who had renal clearance studies repeated 3 weeks to 6 months after therapy, two had stable function, but at 16 to 19% below baseline. Mean urinary concentration of N-acetyl glucosaminidase and alanine aminopeptidase increased faster and to higher levels with gentamicin than with tobramycin. However, on an individual patient basis, they were not predictive of a decrease in renal clearance in either therapy group.
ATLÁNTICO NEGRO: EL OCÉANO EN LA NARRATIVA DE ESCLAVIZADOS

espanolResumen: El articulo plantea un analisis de las representaciones del binarismo oceano/barco en la configuracion del imaginario negroafricano de textos literarios de lengua portuguesa y espanola de America Latina, el Caribe y Africa. Esto a partir de construcciones simbolicas que sobrepasan lo estrictamente literario y se entrecruzan con los espacios historicos y culturales que conforman la(s) memoria(s) e imaginario(s) de este grupo colectivo. Atendiendo a otros rasgos, se incluyen referencias a los estudios sobre memoria y oralidad, que permiten comprender la forma en que la construccion simbolica mar/barco elabora las configuraciones dentro de los relatos sobre las experiencias oceanicas. EnglishAbstract: The article presents an analysis of the representations of the ocean / ship in shaping the imagination of literary texts black African Portuguese and Spanish language in Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa binarism. This from symbolic constructions that go beyond strictly literary and intersect with historical and cultural spaces that make the report (s) and imaginary (s) of this collective group. In response to other features, references to studies on memory and orality, which allow us to understand how symbolic building sea/boat made configurations within the stories about ocean experiences are included.
A Prototype for Modular Cell Engineering

When aiming to produce a target chemical at high yield, titer, and productivity, various combinations of genetic parts available to build the target pathway can generate a large number of strains for characterization. This engineering approach will become increasingly laborious and expensive when seeking to develop desirable strains for optimal production of a large space of biochemicals due to extensive screening. Our recent theoretical development of modular cell (MODCELL) design principles can offer a promising solution for rapid generation of optimal strains by coupling a modular cell with exchangeable production modules in a plug-and-play fashion. In this study, we experimentally validated some design properties of MODCELL by demonstrating the following: (i) a modular (chassis) cell is required to couple with a production module, a heterologous ethanol pathway, as a testbed, (ii) degree of coupling between the modular cell and production modules can be modulated to enhance growth and product synthesi...
Online Recalibration of the State Estimators for a System With Moving Boundaries Using Sparse Discrete-in-Time Temperature Measurements

In this paper, the problem of estimation is considered for a class of processes involving solidifying materials. These processes have natural nonlinear infinite-dimensional representations, and measurements are only available at particular points in the caster, each corresponding to a single discrete-in-time boundary measurement in the Stefan problem partial differential equation (PDE) mathematical model. The results for two previous estimators are summarized. The first estimator is based on the Stefan problem, using continuous instead of discrete-in-time boundary measurements. The second estimator employs a process model that is more detailed than the Stefan problem, but with no output injection to reduce estimation error, other than model calibration. Both of these estimation frameworks are extended in the current paper to a more realistic sensing setting. First, an estimator is considered that uses the Stefan problem under some simplifying but practically justified assumptions on the unknowns in the process. The maximum principle for parabolic PDEs is employed to prove that online calibration using a single discrete-in-time temperature measurement can provide removal of the estimation error arising due to mismatch of a single unknown parameter in the model. Although unproven, this result is then shown in simulation to apply to the more detailed process model.
OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A 50-YEAR-OLD: STEMLESS TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY TRUMPS RESURFACING ARTHROPLASTY – AFFIRMS

Stemless shoulder arthroplasty implants for the proximal humerus provide cementless metaphyseal prosthetic fixation. A near-perfect anatomic restoration of the proximal humeral articular surface is possible with this canal-sparing design—avoiding the risks associated with humeral stems and preserving bone for later revision. When compared with proximal humeral resurfacing, stemless arthroplasty avoids the potential technical errors that may lead to oversized implants, abnormal shift of the glenohumeral joint center of rotation, and excessive strain on the native rotator cuff. While canal-sparing stemless implants represent a new concept in shoulder arthroplasty without mid- and long-term results, the failures associated with resurfacing humeral arthroplasty have been documented in the literature. Unlike a stemless component, use of a resurfacing technique (and hence preservation of the humeral head) makes glenoid prosthetic implantation challenging and often impossible.
Detecting and Preventing Gate Oxide Plasma Damage During PECVD Carbon Deposition Through Surface Photovoltage Measurements

For an advanced NAND flash memory device, there is a failure mechanism known as “blown gate oxide” that is commonly sourced to the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) amorphous carbon deposition step. It has been observed that specific maintenance events on the PECVD process chambers will trigger this failure mechanism, most significantly when replacing the showerhead, or installing a “poor quality” showerhead. This paper investigates utilizing surface photovoltage measurements to indicate when a chamber has a high probability to cause blown gates. In this expanded edition of this paper, we also investigate issues concerning chamber cleaning cycles and how they were resolved.
Idiosyncratic Genome Degradation in a Bacterial Endosymbiont of Periodical Cicadas.

Summary When a free-living bacterium transitions to a host-beneficial endosymbiotic lifestyle, it almost invariably loses a large fraction of its genome [1, 2]. The resulting small genomes often become stable in size, structure, and coding capacity [3–5], as exemplified by Sulcia muelleri , a nutritional endosymbiont of cicadas. Sulcia 's partner endosymbiont, Hodgkinia cicadicola , similarly remains co-linear in some cicadas diverged by millions of years [6, 7]. But in the long-lived periodical cicada Magicicada tredecim , the Hodgkinia genome has split into dozens of tiny, gene-sparse circles that sometimes reside in distinct Hodgkinia cells [8]. Previous data suggested that all other Magicicada species harbor complex Hodgkinia populations, but the timing, number of origins, and outcomes of the splitting process were unknown. Here, by sequencing Hodgkinia metagenomes from the remaining six Magicicada and two sister species, we show that each Magicicada species harbors Hodgkinia populations of at least 20 genomic circles. We find little synteny among the 256 Hodgkinia circles analyzed except between the most closely related cicada species. Gene phylogenies show multiple Hodgkinia lineages in the common ancestor of Magicicada and its closest known relatives but that most splitting has occurred within Magicicada and has given rise to highly variable Hodgkinia gene dosages among species. These data show that Hodgkinia genome degradation has proceeded down different paths in different Magicicada species and support a model of genomic degradation that is stochastic in outcome and nonadaptive for the host. These patterns mirror the genomic instability seen in some mitochondria.
Dynamic Pricing and Replenishment with Customer Upgrades

We study a joint implementation of price‐ and availability‐based product substitution to better match demand and constrained supply across vertically differentiated products. Our study is motivated by firms that utilize dynamic pricing as well as customer upgrades, as ex ante and ex post mechanisms, respectively, to mitigate inventory mismatches. To gain insight into how offering product upgrades impacts optimal price selection, we formulate a multiple period, nested two‐stage model where the firm first sets prices and replenishment levels for each product while the demand is still uncertain, and after observing the demand, decides how many (if any) of the customers to upgrade to a higher quality product. We characterize the structure of the optimal upgrade, pricing and replenishment policies and find that firms having greater flexibility to offer product upgrades can restrain their reliance on dynamic pricing, enabling them to better protect the price differentiation between the products. We also show how the quality differential between the products or changes in the replenishment cost structures influence the optimal policy. Using insights gained from the optimal policy structure, we construct a heuristic policy and find that it performs well across various parameter values. Finally, we consider an extension in which the firm dynamically sets upgrade fees in each period. Our results overall help further our understanding of the intricate relationship among a firm's decisions on pricing, replenishment, and product upgrades in an effort to better match demand and constrained supply.
"My Future is Now": A Qualitative Study of Persons Living With Advanced Cancer.

Objectives:Advance care planning (ACP) enables individuals to deliberate about future preferences for care based upon their values and beliefs about what is important in life. For many patients with advanced cancer, however, these critical conversations do not occur. A growing body of literature has examined the end-of-life wishes of seriously ill patients. Few studies have explored what is important to persons as they live with advanced cancer. The aim of the current study was to address this gap and to understand how clinicians can support patients’ efforts to live in the present and plan for the future.Methods:Transcriptions of interviews conducted with 36 patients diagnosed with advanced cancer were analyzed using immersion–crystallization, a qualitative research technique.Results:Four overarching themes were identified: (I) living in the face of death, (II) who I am, (III) my experience of cancer, and (IV) impact of my illness on others. Twelve subthemes are also reported.Significance of Results:Thes...
Intraluminal Deposits Found in Glaucoma Tube Shunts Via Anterior Segment Ocular Coherence Tomography.

Purpose To describe and characterize a novel observation of intraluminal deposits of glaucoma tube shunts (TS) using spectral domain (SD) ocular coherence topography (OCT). Patients and methods Fifteen TS in 11 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle, neovascular, aphakic, and uveitic glaucomas. Both Ahmed (n=11) and Baerveldt (n=4) TS were examined with 5-line raster anterior segment SD-OCT imaging. Results The exposed tubes of 2 patients had highly reflective intraluminal deposits in the corresponding exposed areas. Seven tubes without exposure had a thin rim of highly reflective material. Six tubes were clear of luminal deposits. The most common diagnosis in the study was uveitic glaucoma which occurred in 5 of the 15 eyes (33%). The next most common diagnosis was primary open-angle glaucoma which occurred in 4 of the 15 eyes (25%). There were 2 nonvalved Baerveldt tubes in each group. The mean duration of TS implantation was 15.0 months in the deposit group and 33.7 months in the group without luminal deposits. The majority of patients in each group were using eye drops at presentation (88.9% deposit, 83.3% clear), and the average intraocular pressure was 20.2 mm Hg in the deposit group and 19.0 mm Hg in the clear group. Conclusions Anterior segment OCT imaging may be used to evaluate TS integrity. Intraluminal deposits in TS may occur as a natural response to implanted drainage device, possibly as an inflammatory response.
Trends in sport sponsorship evaluation and measurement: insights from the industry

With sponsorship spending surpassing $60 billion on a global basis, more emphasis is being placed on the application of advanced methodological approaches to improve understanding of the returns firms receive from their investment in sponsorship. Given the journal’s focus of bridging the gap between academia and industry, we also thought this was an opportune time to empanel a distinguished group of industry experts to provide the latest perspectives on sponsorship measurement, evaluation, and ROI. Together with the papers included in this issue, this approach provides those interested in the advanced academic study and practice of the assessment of return on investment in sponsorship with insights from a variety of divergent perspectives, including brands, agencies, and properties.
Influence of Active Nitrogen Species on the Nitridation Rate of Sapphire

The operating regimes of two rf-plasma sources, an Oxford CARS-25 and an EPI Unibulb, have been extensively characterized. By changing the exit aperture configuration and using an electrostatic deflector, the Oxford source could produce either primarily atomic nitrogen, atomic nitrogen mixed with low energy ions, or a large flux of higher energy ions (>65 eV) as the active species in a background of neutral molecular nitrogen. The EPI source produced a significant flux of metastable molecular nitrogen as the active species with a smaller atomic nitrogen component. Nitridation of sapphire using each source under the various operating conditions indicate that the reactivity was different for each type of active nitrogen. Boron contamination originating from the pyrolytic boron nitride plasma cell liner was observed.
Standing wave oscillators utilizing wave-adaptive tapered transmission lines

In this paper, we introduce a novel standing wave oscillator (SWO) utilizing standing-wave-adaptive tapered transmission lines. This structure enhances Q and lowers phase noise through loss-reducing shaping of the transmission line, such that it is adapted to the position-dependent amplitudes of standing waves. Measurements validate the advantages of the proposed technique. The phase noise of a MOS SWO with the tapered line is 5-10 dB less than that of a uniform-line MOS SWO over a wide range of offset frequencies, centered about 15 GHz. Demonstrating a valuable exploitation of standing wave properties, the novel design concept boosts the potential for the emergence of standing wave oscillators as a useful alternative to the traditional lumped LC oscillator.
The Healthfulness of Entrées and Students' Purchases in a University Campus Dining Environment.

The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of “more healthful” (MH) versus “less healthful” (LH) entree items in the campus dining and if students’ purchases are reflective of what is offered. This is an observational study in which purchases of the available entree items in the campus dining at South Dakota State University in one academic year were collected and categorized as either MH or LH according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Chi-square tests were used to determine the differences between the proportion of purchased MH and LH versus those available. Odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence limits were used to determine the associations between the demographics and MH and LH purchases. Of the total entree items available, 15.0% were MH and 85.0% were LH. In the fall, 8.0% of purchases were MH and 92.0% purchases were LH as compared to 8.9% MH and 91.1% LH in the spring. Whites were less likely than non-whites to purchase a MH entree. Females were two times more likely to choose MH entrees than males. The campus dining offerings and students’ purchases of entrees were primarily LH. Work with campus dining providers to create profitable, yet healthful, dining entrees is needed to improve the healthfulness of offerings.
Gross Capital Flows, Common Factors, and the Global Financial Cycle

This paper assesses the international comovement of gross capital inflows and outflows using a two-level factor model. Among advanced and emerging countries, capital flows exhibit strong commonality: common (global and country group-specific) factors account, on average, for close to half of their variance. There is a contrast across groups: common factors dominate advanced-country capital flows, while idiosyncratic factors dominate emerging- country flows and, especially, developing-country flows. The reason is the much larger role of global factors among advanced countries. Importantly, these findings apply to both inflows and outflows: their respective common factors are very similar -- although global factors play a bigger role for outflows than for inflows. The commonality of flows reflects a global cycle, summarized by a small set of variables (the VIX, the U.S. real interest rate and real exchange rate, U.S. GDP growth, and world commodity prices) that explain much of the variance of the estimated factors -- especially the global factors. Over time, the quantitative role of the common factors exhibits a "globalization" stage up to 2007, during which they acquire growing importance, followed by a phase of "deglobalization" post-crisis. Greater financial openness, deeper financial systems, and more rigid exchange rate regimes amplify countries' exposure to the global financial cycle.
Positional information specifies the site of organ regeneration and not tissue maintenance in planarians

Most animals undergo homeostatic tissue maintenance, yet those capable of robust regeneration in adulthood use mechanisms significantly overlapping with homeostasis. Here we show in planarians that modulations to body-wide patterning systems shift the target site for eye regeneration while still enabling homeostasis of eyes outside this region. The uncoupling of homeostasis and regeneration, which can occur during normal positional rescaling after axis truncation, is not due to altered injury signaling or stem cell activity, nor specific to eye tissue. Rather, pre-existing tissues, which are misaligned with patterning factor expression domains, compete with properly located organs for incorporation of migratory progenitors. These observations suggest that patterning factors determine sites of organ regeneration but do not solely determine the location of tissue homeostasis. These properties provide candidate explanations for how regeneration integrates pre-existing tissues and how regenerative abilities could be lost in evolution or development without eliminating long-term tissue maintenance and repair.
Efficient Oblivious Data Structures for Database Services on the Cloud

Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) allows the client to store and manage structured data on the cloud remotely. Despite its merits, DBaaS also brings significant privacy issues. Existing encryption techniques (e.g., SQL-aware encryption) can mitigate privacy concerns, but they still leak information through access patterns, which are vulnerable to statistical inference attacks. Oblivious Random Access Machine (ORAM) can seal such leakages; however, the recent studies showed significant challenges on the integration of ORAM into databases. That is, the direct usage of ORAM on databases is not only costly but also permits very limited query functionalities. In this paper, we propose new oblivious data structures called Oblivious Matrix Structure $(\mathsf {OMAT})$ ( OMAT ) and Oblivious Tree Structure $(\mathsf {OTREE})$ ( OTREE ) , which allow tree-based ORAM to be integrated into database systems in a more efficient manner with diverse query functionalities supported. $\mathsf {OMAT}$ OMAT provides special ORAM packaging strategies for table structures, which not only offers a significantly better performance but also enables a broad range of query types that may not be efficient in existing frameworks. On the other hand, $\mathsf {OTREE}$ OTREE allows oblivious conditional queries to be performed on tree-indexed databases more efficiently than existing techniques. We implemented our proposed techniques and evaluated their performance on a real cloud database with various metrics, compared with state-of-the-art counterparts.
Learning Type-Aware Embeddings for Fashion Compatibility

Outfits in online fashion data are composed of items of many different types (e.g. top, bottom, shoes) that share some stylistic relationship with one another. A representation for building outfits requires a method that can learn both notions of similarity (for example, when two tops are interchangeable) and compatibility (items of possibly different type that can go together in an outfit). This paper presents an approach to learning an image embedding that respects item type, and jointly learns notions of item similarity and compatibility in an end-to-end model. To evaluate the learned representation, we crawled 68,306 outfits created by users on the Polyvore website. Our approach obtains 3–5% improvement over the state-of-the-art on outfit compatibility prediction and fill-in-the-blank tasks using our dataset, as well as an established smaller dataset, while supporting a variety of useful queries (Code and data: https://github.com/mvasil/fashion-compatibility).
Referring Relationships

Images are not simply sets of objects: each image represents a web of interconnected relationships. These relationships between entities carry semantic meaning and help a viewer differentiate between instances of an entity. For example, in an image of a soccer match, there may be multiple persons present, but each participates in different relationships: one is kicking the ball, and the other is guarding the goal. In this paper, we formulate the task of utilizing these "referring relationships" to disambiguate between entities of the same category. We introduce an iterative model that localizes the two entities in the referring relationship, conditioned on one another. We formulate the cyclic condition between the entities in a relationship by modelling predicates that connect the entities as shifts in attention from one entity to another. We demonstrate that our model can not only outperform existing approaches on three datasets - CLEVR, VRD and Visual Genome - but also that it produces visually meaningful predicate shifts, as an instance of interpretable neural networks. Finally, we show that by modelling predicates as attention shifts, we can even localize entities in the absence of their category, allowing our model to find completely unseen categories.