cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The kinetic properties of adenylate deaminase from human erythrocytes

Abstract Adenylate deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) was purified 500-fold from the human erythrocytes by DEAE-cellulose adsorption and chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Its isoelectric point is 5.0 and the pH of optimal activity is near 7.0. Although the enzyme is markedly activated by ATP and by monovalent cations, it is able to deaminate AMP in the absence of activators. At pH 7 the order of effectiveness for activation by monovalent cations is K+ > Rb+ > Li+ > Na+ > Cs+. The presence of ATP or changes in pH somewhat alter their relative activities but not the order. dATP activates the enzyme as effectively as ATP. ADP activates to a lesser degree and GTP is without effect. The enzyme displays a cooperative effect with substrate and also with its activators, monovalent cations and ATP. The activators thus increase the apparent affinity of the enzyme for AMP without affecting the maximum reaction velocity. When both cation and ATP are added, the substrate-velocity curve is changed from a pronounced sigmoidal curve to a rectangular hyperbola. The apparent affinity for AMP increases as the concentration of cation is raised. Conversely, the affinity for cation increases when the concentration of AMP is elevated or ATP is added. Halide anions are non-competitive inhibitors and decrease in their effectiveness as follows: F − > I − > Br > Cl − . Pi and 2,3-diphosphglyceric acid inhibit the enzyme competitively and ATP counteracts that inhibition. In the presence of 1 mM ATP and 100 mM KCl the K i values for Pi and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid are between 4 and 11 mM.
Dynamical-Microphysical Evolution of a Convective Storm in a Weakly-Sheared Environment. Part II: Airflow and Precipitation Trajectories from Doppler Radar Observations

Abstract Measurements from three Doppler radars of air motion and observations of the environment and storm reflectivity structure, supplemented by aircraft measurements of precipitation and cloud particles, are used to establish the dynamical framework for precipitation development in a convective storm that grew in a weakly-sheared wind environment. The moderately intense, evolving storm consisted of a series of cells that developed in late afternoon on 25 July 1976 in southeastern Wyoming. The storm, which moved along the sub-cloud wind direction, had a persistent but unsteady updraft region on its right forward flank. This updraft region consisted of several small convective elements with two or more intense updraft cores evident at all times. Middle-level flow around the updraft region eventually resembled obstacle flow with downdrafts located on the flanks and in the wake of the updraft. This storm-wide, organized circulation apparently allowed precipitation particles to reenter an updraft and grow ...
A scheduling rule for job release in semiconductor fabrication

This paper introduces a closed-loop job release mechanism for stochastic job shops where the main source of randomness is due to machine failure and repair. The release policy adapts concepts of inventory control to the context of job shop scheduling. The control mechanism, called starvation avoidance, is compared in simulation studies with other input control mechanisms producing favorable results.
The state Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

Purpose To provide an overview of the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), along with implications for practice as it applies to nurse practitioners. Data Sources Extensive review of the on-line and published literature on CHIP. Conclusions Congress established CHIP in an effort to reduce the high number of uninsured children in America. Each state administers its own program and children who are under age 19, 200% below federal poverty levels, and ineligible for Medicaid may qualify. Even though CHIP has made health care possible for over million children, there are still many obstacles that need to be overcome to ensure that access to healthcare is a reality for America's children. Implications for Practice Although CHIP has made healthcare accessible for many low income children, there are still hundreds of children left without health insurance. Many children who could qualify for CHIP remain without access to healthcare. Nurse practitioners have the opportunity to make healthcare a reality for children by becoming knowledgeable about this plan in order to refer patients to the program who are eligible and by advocating for future legislation that will ensure its long term success.
The fragile x mental retardation protein binds and regulates a novel class of mRNAs containing u rich target sequences

Fragile X syndrome is a common form of inherited mental retardation caused by the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). It has been hypothesized that FMRP is involved in the processing and/or translation of mRNAs. Human and mouse target-mRNAs, containing purine quartets, have previously been identified. By using cDNA-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), we identified another class of human target-mRNAs which contain U rich sequences. This technique, in contrast to oligonucleotide-based SELEX, allows the identification of FMRP targets directly from mRNA pools. Many of the proteins encoded by the identified FMRP targets have been implicated in neuroplasticity. Steady state levels of target-mRNAs were unchanged in the brain of fragile X mice. However, levels of two target-encoded proteins, an L-type calcium channel subunit and MAP1B, were downregulated in specific brain regions suggesting a defect in the expression of target-encoded proteins in fragile X syndrome.
Photoinduced Toxicity of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs to a Marine Infaunal Amphipod (Rhepoxynius abronius)

The marine infaunal amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius was exposed in standard 10-day toxicity tests to sediments contaminated with parent or alkylated PAHs. After exposures, mortalities (LC50 values) and the ability to rebury in control sediment (EC50 values) were determined. Survivors of these initial toxicity tests were then exposed to UV radiation in an environmental growth chamber for 1 h. The differences between EC50 values before and after UV exposure were used to assess the phototoxicity of the bioaccumulated contaminants. Contaminants with HOMO-LUMO gap energies between 7.2 and 7.7 eV produced up to an order-of-magnitude increase in toxicity with UV exposure. The strength of phototoxic responses within this HOMO-LUMO gap range varied with contaminants such that compounds with the lowest water solubilities appeared to be relatively less phototoxic. This suggests that these compounds were not taken up in sufficient quantities to produce a strong phototoxic response and points out the need to measure tissue residues in phototoxicity experiments. In general, these results support the HOMO-LUMO gap model of photoinduced toxicity.
Control aspects of the single-fiber scanning endoscope

The Single Fiber Scanning Endoscope (SFSE) is a new class of endoscopes being developed at the University of Washington's Human Interface Technology lab which uses combinations of a resonating optical fiber and a single photodetector to produce large field of view, high-resolution images from a small flexible package. Although current prototypes show the validity of the concept, the nonlinear response of the resonant optical fiber under open loop control creates image distortion or limits the frame rate. Due to low damping and nonlinear effects in the fiber, open loop control, phase lock loops, PID control, classical and modern controllers are all unable to produce accurate, reproducible, robust high frequency 2D scans. A nonlinear control scheme, feedback linearization, is capable of accurately producing a scan and is robust to most of the unavoidable manufacturing and environmental variability in the resonant scanner. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, this paper reviews the application of the following variety of open loop and closed loop controllers to the nonlinear scanner of the SFSE: open loop control, modelless closed loop control (phase lock loop and PID control), feedforward plus feedback classical and modern state space tracking control, and nonlinear feedback linearization control.
Travel distance and season of diagnosis affect treatment choices for women with early-stage breast cancer in a predominantly rural population (United States)

Objective Current standards of care for early-stage breast cancer include either breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with post-operative radiation or mastectomy. A variety of factors influence the type of treatment chosen. In northern, rural areas, daily travel for radiation can be difficult in winter. We investigated whether proximity to a radiation treatment facility (RTF) and season of diagnosis affected treatment choice for New Hampshire women with early-stage breast cancer.
Transitioning pediatric patients receiving ketogenic diets for epilepsy into adulthood

Abstract Purpose To examine the process for transitioning adolescents on dietary management for intractable epilepsy to adult neurologic care. Methods Ten patients, ages 6–16 years when the ketogenic or modified Atkins diet was initiated, were identified; age at transition was 18–43 years. All patients were seen at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Results Seven remain on diets (4 Ketogenic, 3 modified Atkins diet) at this time with mean diet duration of 15.5 years (range 4–32 years). Most patients had excellent but not complete seizure control and several had recurrence or worsening of seizures with attempts to wean dietary therapy, hence the need to continue. Three main transition options were utilized: (1) continue being followed in pediatric clinic ( n =2), (2) establish care with an adult neurologist ( n =2), or 3) receive care from the Adult Epilepsy Diet Center ( n =6). Those patients followed in the Adult Epilepsy Diet Center were slightly more likely to remain on dietary therapy following transition (5/6 vs. 1/4, p =0.12). Conclusion It is important for adolescents with epilepsy receiving ketogenic diets to have transition plans in place for when they become adults. Adult epilepsy diet centers are the ideal option when possible.
Modeling the Impact of Grain Boundary Properties on Microstructural Evolution

Much new knowledge has been gained on the properties of grain boundaries that are relevant to processes of microstructural evolution such as grain growth and recrystallization. For mobility, a combination of experiments and numerical simulation has reinforced many of the classical concepts of special crystallographic types with either exceptionally high or exceptionally low mobilities. At another level, the anisotropy of energy of (especially) mobility has long been assumed to play an important role in both grain growth and recrystallization. The process of “micro-growth selection” is assumed to favor, in fcc metals, the development of cube-oriented nuclei in the early stages of recrystallization. We describe simulations in which initial microstructures with varying degrees of verisimilitude to as-deformed microstructures are used, as well as various assumptions about the grain boundary energy and mobility. From these one it is apparent that the anisotropy does indeed effectively promote the cube component development.
Predicting success incorporating conservation subdivisions into land use planning

Conservation subdivisions have emerged as a development option for communities wishing to conserve important ecological features and maintain rural character without decreasing housing density. Yet, these alternatives to conventional subdivisions rarely are used. We used logistic regression models to identify variables that predict county level success at adopting an ordinance and having a conservation subdivision built. Important predictors for adopting ordinances were median income, percent urban population, and a negative interaction between the two variables; important predictors for successfully completing a conservation subdivision were the adoption of an ordinance allowing conservation subdivisions and percent of residents with at least a four year college degree. Urban counties and the rural counties with higher median income were most successful adopting ordinances. Urban counties with higher education levels and an ordinance in place were most likely to have a conservation subdivision built within them. In poor rural counties, implementation may be more difficult because of limited resources to develop ordinances; these counties could collaborate with land trusts, other planning departments, or a regional council of governments to help lessen the financial burden associated with rewriting ordinances and implementing new land use practices.
Estimating soil properties from microwave measurements of soil moisture

This paper demonstrates that the soil physical properties can be estimated using temporal variation of surface soil moisture derived from remote sensing. Passive microwave remote sensing was employed to collect daily soil moisture data across the Little Washita watershed, Oklahoma, for the period between June 10-18, 1992. The ESTAR instrument operating at L band was flown on a NASA C-130 aircraft. Brightness temperature data collected at a ground resolution of 200 m were used to derive the spatial distribution of surface soil moisture. Analysis of temporal soil moisture information and soils data reveals a direct relationship between changes in soil moisture and soil texture. Areas identified by loam/silt loam soils are characterized by higher changes of total soil moisture and those of sand/sandy loam by remarkably lower amounts. Analysis suggests that two-day initial drainage of soil, measured from remote sensing, is related to saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). A methodology has been developed to employ remotely sensed data for estimation of profile Ksat using a hydrologic model and a GIS. Model simulations have yielded good correlations between soil moisture change and Ksat. The results have potential applications to obtain quick estimates of spatial distributions of soil properties over large area for input to mesoscale hydrologic and global circulation models.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
InP mixer diodes with etched via ohmic contacts

InP mixer diodes processed with Ag/TiW/Au Schottky diodes have exhibited a noise figure of 6.5–7.0 dB at 94 GHz. InP surface preparation is shown to be critical in diode performance. An indium-stabilised surface has resulted in a barrier height of 0.45 eV.
Self-Efficacy and Interest in the Use of Reading Strategies

Abstract We examined the influence of reading strategy instruction on self-efficacy, interest, and comprehension by 4th-graders from at-risk environments. Previous research indicates that reading strategy instruction can improve reading comprehension; however, few studies have examined the link between strategy instruction and self-efficacy and interest in using reading strategies. Students participated in reading strategy instruction and activities over a two-week period. We measured self-efficacy, interest, and comprehension before and after the strategy instruction. As predicted, self-efficacy and interest increased while comprehension remained stable. Results suggest that explicit strategy instruction and practice can be integrated with existing classroom curriculum and can influence student motivation in a relatively short period of time. Suggestions are provided for strategy instruction.
Radioimmunoassay of estriol-16-glucuronide using tritiated and radioiodinated radioligands: direct radioimmunoassay of urinary estriol-16-glucuronide during the menstrual cycle.

Abstract Estriol-16-glucuronide-[ 125 I]-iodohistamine (E 3 -16G-[ 125 I]) was prepared and utilized in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) in conjunction with anti-estriol-16-glucuronide-bovine serum albumin (E 3 -16G-BSA) serum (RIA No. 1). This RIA was then compared with two other RIA methods employing [ 3 H]-labeled estriol-16-glucuronide (E 3 -16G) together with either anti-E 3 -16G-BSA serum (RIA No. 2) or antiestriol-16-glucuronide-2-azobenzoic acid-bovine serum albumin (E 3 -16G-2-ABA-BSA) serum (RIA No. 3). All three RIA's were accurate and precise, however, they differed in assay sensitivity and specificity. Most sensitive was RIA No. 1 and least sensitive was RIA No. 3. Both RIA's No. 1 and 2 were less specific than RIA No. 3 since unconjugated estriol and estrone-3-sulfate exhibited large and comparable cross-reactions in RIA's No. 1 and 2, averaging 50% and 41%, respectively. Furthermore, measurement of E 3 -16G in 10 different urine aliquots collected from non-pregnant women employing RIA's No. 1–3 showed that RIA's No. 1 and 2 yielded comparable results, however, the results obtained by RIA No. 3 were, on the average, 26% lower than the mean of the values measured with RIA's No. 1 and 2. Consequently, RIA No. 3 was used to measure daily 24-hour urinary E 3 -16G excretion in 7 women throughout an entire menstrual cycle. These data are in agreement with colorimetric and fluorimetric estimates of 24-h urinary estriol values throughout the menstrual cycle. The preovulatory rise of urinary E 3 -16G excretion, as quantitated by this RIA, is comparable to that of serum estradiol measured in the same 7 women, but peaks 1 to 2 days later than the serum estradiol surge.
Studies of biologic parameters for denture design. Part III: Effects of occlusal adjustment, base retention, and fit on masseter muscle activity and masticatory performance

EMG recordings of ipsilateral and contralateral masseter muscles and standardized masticatory performance tests were made in 20 denture wearers before and after modifications were made to their clinically unsatisfactory dentures. The improvement of retention and stability by correction of gross occlusal prematurities and by the use of a denture adhesive or base reline with a soft tissue-conditioning material did not significantly alter the chewing performance or muscle activity during mastication in denture wearers. The results support our previous findings that the influence of denture factors on chewing ability of denture wearers is limited. To avoid variations in EMG activity caused by changes in electrode positions, all tests for a given subject were made at the same sitting. Thus the study design did not provide time to denture wearers for their neuromuscular mechanism to adapt to the modifications prior to testing masticatory function. A replication of this study that permits sufficient adaptation time after each modification is suggested to validate the findings.
Iterative reconstruction for multi-source inverse geometry CT : a feasibility study

ABSTRACT In a 3 rd generation CT system, a single source projects the entire field of view (FOV) onto a large detector opposite to the source. In multi-source inverse geometry CT imaging, a multitude of sources sequentially project complementary parts of the FOV on a much smaller detector. These sources may be distributed in both the trans-axial and axial directions and jointly cover the entire FOV. Multi-source CT has several important advantages, including large axial coverage, improved dose-efficiency, and improved spatial resolutio n. One of the challenges of this concept is to ensure that no artifacts emerge in the reconstructed images where the sampling switches from one source to the next. This work studies iterative reconstruction for multi-source imaging and focuses on the appearance of such artifacts. For that purpose, phantom data are simulated using a realistic multi- source CT geometry, iteratively reconstructed and inspected for artifact content. More realistic experiments using rebinned clinical datasets (emulating a multi-source CT system) have also been performed. The results confirm the feasib ility of artifact-free multi-source CT imaging in both full-scan and half-scan situations. Keywords: CT, OT, RECON. 1.
Effect of selenium on distribution, demethylation, and excretion of methylmercury by the guinea pig

The influence of selenium on methylmercury excretion, organ and subcellular distribution, and demethylation was studied in the guinea pig at different times following a single equimolar dose (50 μM/kg) of CH 203 3 HgCl and Na 2 SeO 3 administered separately or concomitantly per os. Excretion of mercury through feces was the dominant clearance pathway in both groups. Selenium significantly decreased excretion of total and organic mercury in feces during the course of the study, but in the urine only on d 13. Selenium also significantly decreased the concentration of total mercury in major organs. The exception was brain on d 1, in which mercury levels were higher in the presence of selenium; however, on d 7 and 13 both cerebrum and cerebellum showed lower mercury levels as compared to the group treated with methylmercury alone. Selenium had no significant effect on the subcellular mercury distribution in the liver, kidney, and cerebrum, other than that which could be accounted for the whole organ uptake. T...
Politically correct or a bad decision

In his article “Revisiting a 1930s scandal, AACR to rename a prize” (News Focus, 25 April, p. [573][1]), Douglas Starr describes some reprehensible actions by Cornelius P. Rhoads, a highly regarded cancer scientist and the originator of chemotherapy, who died in 1959. In recognition of his many contributions to its field, the American Association for Cancer Research has named a prize in his memory. Highly coveted, this prize has been awarded anually to outstanding young cancer researchers. Although I do not condone the lamentable statements made by Rhoads in an unmailed letter while on a scientific mission in Puerto Rico, I find the “politically correct” decision to remove his name from the prize at this late date no less inappropriate. It so happens that Richard Wagner, one of our greatest operatic composers, was an incipient Nazi, a blatant antisemite, and an unrepentant malefactor. Does his behavior justify a condemnation of his music? Or should we remove his name from our operatic programs? Would not such a belated retribution display an equally deplorable intolerance on our part? [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.300.5619.573
A Bimolecular Alternating Inter-Intramolecular Chain Propagation Leading to Cyclocopolymerization

Abstract This paper includes a report of the original studies which led to postulation of the cyclocopolymerization mechanism. Conditions for the copolymerization experiments, involving copolymerization of a wide variety of 1,4-dienes and alkenes, are reported in addition to the spectral and analytical evidence obtained in support of the proposed structures. Also included are some of the physical properties of the copolymers and some additional chemical evidence in support of the structures.
Preface to Special Issue-CO2 Capture, Sequestration, Conversion and Utilization

ABSTRACTThis special issue in Aerosol and Air Quality Research features selected papers presented at the Symposium on CO2 Capture, Sequestration, Conversion and Utilization, during the 245th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting & Exposition, which was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, from April 7 to 11, 2013. The symposium was organized by Prof. Ying Li at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and Prof. Fanxing Li at North Carolina State University. It was the largest symposium among the twenty symposia within the Division of Energy and Fuels at the 245th ACS National Meeting & Exposition. A total of 80 invited and contributed talks were presented at the symposium. Topics included fundamentals in CO2 activation and advanced processes and materials for CO2 capture, sequestration, conversion, and utilization. Anthropogenic CO2 emission from fossil energy conversion is one of the major contributors to global climate change. With projected increase in global energy consumption, advanced carbon capture, sequestration, and utilization approaches need to be developed. As a first step for CO2 mitigation, carbon capture can potentially be achieved, in a cost-effective manner, through new technologies that reduce the energy consumptions for separating diluted CO2 from conventional power plant flue gas. Alternatively, smart combustion or gasification processes such as oxy-fuel or chemical-looping are capable of producing concentrated CO2 for easy capture. Successful development and deployment of these aforementioned technologies require breakthroughs in advanced materials as well as innovative reactor concepts and process schemes. Sequestration of captured CO2 into geological formations such as saline aquifers is the next important step to ensure long term storage of CO2. Besides sequestration, a number of emerging ideas have shown promise to recycle and utilize CO2 as a carbon source for clean energy carriers or chemicals, mainly through catalytic processes. While CO2 is thermodynamically stable, renewable energy sources like solar can accomplish the challenging task of CO2 conversion and utilization. For example, it has been demonstrated that nanostructured photocatalysts are capable of converting CO2 and water into C1 fuels like CO, methane or methanol under solar radiation. Extensive research efforts are underway to enhance the CO2 conversion efficiency using these novel photocatalytic processes.
Power plane merger option based on load current behaviors

In a power distribution network (PDN) design, it is desirable to have a clean, undistorted power supply from the voltage source to each of the individual transistors in order for an integrated circuit (IC) to function properly. The optimum design for such PDN is to provide a large individual power plane from the power supply to each of the interfaces in the IC. However, due to form factor limitation and cost constraint, individual power plane supply is usually not feasible in a real-world design. Power planes merging is one of the common options used in most PDN design where some interfaces are designed to share the same power plane from the supply voltage to the pin of the IC. In this paper, a study on power plane merger option is carried out based on the load current behaviors of the interfaces. Preliminary simulation results show that power plane merging is effective for interfaces with current profile that has low frequency components or step function behavior. However, for the interfaces with fast or random switching patterns, power plane merging option is not advisable.
Associations Between Duration of Illicit Drug Use and Health Conditions: Results from the 2005–2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health

Purpose To estimate and compare prevalence rates of lifetime health conditions by inferred duration of illicit drug use among the general U.S. adult population and to investigate associations between duration of use of each specific illicit drug (marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, or inhalant) and each lifetime health condition after controlling for potential confounding factors. Methods Data from respondents aged 35 to 49 ( N = 29,195) from the 2005–2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of a broad range of health conditions by duration of use of specific illicit drug among persons 35 to 49 years of age in the United States were estimated and compared. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the results of 20 multivariate logistic regression models indicated positive associations between duration of marijuana use and anxiety, depression, sexually transmitted disease (STD), bronchitis, and lung cancer; between duration of cocaine use and anxiety and pancreatitis; between duration of heroin use and anxiety, hepatitis, and tuberculosis; between duration of hallucinogen use and tinnitus and STD; and between duration of inhalant use and anxiety, depression, HIV/AIDS, STD, tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma, sinusitis, and tinnitus. Conclusions This study provides initial analyses on the relationships between illicit drug use and health conditions based on a large nationally representative sample. These results can help prepare for treating health problems among former and continuing illicit drug users.
Identification of pulse quenching enhanced layouts with subbandgap laser-induced single-event effects

Pulsed-laser single-event effects experiments on a 65 nm bulk CMOS integrated circuit confirms the existence of single-event pulse quenching and supports previous heavy-ion results. Strikes on pMOS transistors adjacent to each other are most susceptible to pulse quenching, with the pulsed-laser results emphasizing the proclivity of common n-well designs to pulse quenching. Correlation of the laser data with heavy-ion data shows that pulse quenching can occur below an LET of 9 MeV-cm2/mg.
Design techniques for very wide input range power converters

One of the primary functions of any power supply is to provide a constant or regulated output from an input source that is not constant. The variations in the level of input that must be accommodated will have an impact on the circuit type that is used and the performance that will be achieved. As the range of input voltage that must be accommodated increases, the stress on critical components also increases. Therefore, it is prudent to limit the input dynamic range as much as possible. There are special instances where it is not possible to limit the input dynamic range. In such cases, a power supply with increased size and/or reduced performance must be accepted.
Importance of the terminal portion of the QRS in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction

The scalar electrocardiograms of 64 patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) and 87 normal subjects were quantitatively analyzed to determine the respective contributions of the initial and terminal portions of the QRS to the diagnosis of inferior MI. Of the 10 best individual electrocardiographic criteria for inferior MI, 7 were Q-wave criteria and 3 were criteria that consisted of delayed termination of the QRS in leads II or III. Combining the best terminal QRS criterion (the QRS in lead III ending at least 20 ms later than the QRS in lead I) with the 7 best Q-wave criteria and the best Q-wave criterion (Q wave 40 ms or longer in lead aVF) with the 3 best terminal QRS criteria, resulted in criteria with better sensitivities and overall diagnostic performances than those of the individual criteria. Analyzing the vectorcardiograms that were also available in 26 of the patients with inferior MI and 34 of the normal subjects showed that the delayed inscription of the end of the QRS in leads II and III in patients with inferior MI is due to redirection of the terminal forces of ventricular depolarization. The terminal portions of the QRS complexes in the limb leads, considered both alone and in conjunction with traditional measurements of Q waves, contain information that is useful for diagnosing inferior MI.
Body Composition of Chicks Fed Complete or Incomplete Amino Acid Mixtures

Abstract Young chicks were employed in an 8 to 21 day posthatching growth assay to determine body composition changes and protein and energy retention as influenced by dietary addition of either balanced or imbalanced mixtures of crystalline amino acids. Supplementation of either a low-nitrogen or high-nitrogen diet with an imbalancing amino acid mixture lacking isoleucine resulted in a severe growth depression. In contrast, a similar imbalancing mixture lacking lysine failed to depress chick performance. Regardless of whether the supplemental amino acid mixture was complete or incomplete, body fat concentration decreased and body protein concentration increased upon adding these mixtures to the diet.
Research and Application of Vibration Control for Coupled Structures System

Over the past three decades, coupled structures vibration research has steadily gained momentum from proposed research concepts to actual implementation. Numerous passive and active control strategies have been considered for low- to high-rise buildings. This paper contains a literature review of coupled structures control, and reviewed from the aspects including neural control method, laboratory test, and engineering application. The existing problem and the future developing in application are also summarized respectively.
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(p-nitrobenzylidene)-1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) from the reaction of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) with ethylene oxide

The title reaction was carried out and characterization of the alkylation product (DHP, II) lead to the conclusion that it had a 1,4-dihydropyridine structure, rather than a pyridinium ion structure. The 13C- and 1H-nmr spectra, and the colors were especially important in establishing the structure.
Multiple social contexts in qualitative bereavement research.

Abstract Little research focuses on the ways that bereaved family members react to and make meaning of their experience of the death of an elderly father and husband. In a qualitative, ethnographic study of 34 bereaved families we examined how family members respond to two inter-related social contexts: 1. social–cultural values and attitudes such as attitudes toward grieving for old persons, and 2. the inter-personal dyadic relationship between interviewer and interviewee. An underlying theme of uncertainty pervades the study participants' views of what is normal and expected in their own process of bereavement. Implications for future bereavement research are suggested.
Science, advocacy, human and environmental health

Abstract Medicine and public health sciences are applied sciences. The research upon which these are based is mission-oriented and as such they are underlain by advocacy. Ecological sciences, by way of parallel, involve managing ecological systems so they can remain healthy to support productive natural processes and the human population. In any eco-system, however, renewal has associated with it naturally occurring background levels of diseases and death. These are normal in all biological systems. ‘Sustainable development’ has been focused on commodity-based, managed systems where the goal is to ensure that the needs of growing human populations are met, producing healthy people. This objective is deemed by the Ecological Society of America to be too narrow. Priority should rather be given to the sustainability of natural ecosystems, otherwise the biosphere that sustains all life forms is neglected. Epidemiologists concerned with the health of populations need to recognize that human health and the health of natural systems have entwined destinies. Some convictions about limits, about the role of disease, degeneration, and death in healthy, that is, stable and sustainable human ecologies, ought to be embedded into any ethics for epidemiologists.
THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING FREQUENCY AND SPACE ON THE GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN LOBSTER, Homarus americanus1

The lobster is cannibalistic; animals which have been grown beyond the juvenile stages must be separated and held individually. It is essential to determine the effects of habitat configuration and spatial limitation on the growth rate of individually held lobsters. As a first step in determining optimum configuration for holding lobster, rectangular, square and circular environments are examined. Configuration has no significant effect on growth. However, significant differences in growth occur between smaller and larger habitats. Lobsters which are held individually must be individually fed. In order to obtain the optimal growth rate at the lowest cost, we have examined the effect of feeding lobsters an amount of food which slightly exceeds the daily femand at greater than one day intervals. An equal oprtion of food was given at 1,2, and 3-day intervals. The results of these studies indicated that at least daily feeding was necessary for juvenile lobsters.
Stash: have your scratchpad and cache it too

Heterogeneous systems employ specialization for energy efficiency. Since data movement is expected to be a dominant consumer of energy, these systems employ specialized memories (e.g., scratchpads and FIFOs) for better efficiency for targeted data. These memory structures, however, tend to exist in local address spaces, incurring significant performance and energy penalties due to inefficient data movement between the global and private spaces. We propose an efficient heterogeneous memory system where specialized memory components are tightly coupled in a unified and coherent address space. This paper applies these ideas to a system with CPUs and GPUs with scratchpads and caches. We introduce a new memory organization, stash, that combines the benefits of caches and scratchpads without incurring their downsides. Like a scratchpad, the stash is directly addressed (without tags and TLB accesses) and provides compact storage. Like a cache, the stash is globally addressable and visible, providing implicit data movement and increased data reuse. We show that the stash provides better performance and energy than a cache and a scratchpad, while enabling new use cases for heterogeneous systems. For 4 microbenchmarks, which exploit new use cases (e.g., reuse across GPU compute kernels), compared to scratchpads and caches, the stash reduces execution cycles by an average of 27% and 13% respectively and energy by an average of 53% and 35%. For 7 current GPU applications, which are not designed to exploit the new features of the stash, compared to scratchpads and caches, the stash reduces cycles by 10% and 12% on average (max 22% and 31%) respectively, and energy by 16% and 32% on average (max 30% and 51%).
MRI-based semiquantitative assessment of subchondral bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis research.

We would like to comment on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in osteoarthritis (OA) research from a radiologic perspective. Selection of pulse sequences that are able to depict the maximum extent of BMLs is of paramount importance for subsequent correct assessment of the size of these lesions. A recently published article investigating a canine OA model by MRI suggested that to accurately assess semiquantitative size and extent of BMLs a combination of different pulse sequences should be used, and that this information could also apply to human clinical studies 1 . In that study the authors used a protocol of T1-weighted threedimensional (3D) fast gradient recalled echo (GRE), sagittal fat-suppressed (FS) 3D spoiled gradient echo at a steady state (SPGR), and sagittal T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) with fat saturation sequences and assessed BMLs using a semiquantitative scoring approach. Another article by the same research group published in ‘‘Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases’’ recently investigated subchondral bone lesions with a quantitative MRI approach 2 . Acquisition of BMLs in that publication was performed on a 1.5 T system using a single 3D fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) e sequence, a GRE-type sequence. While it has been shown that GRE-type sequences such as SPGR, fast low angle shot (FLASH), 3-point Dixon, double echo steady state (DESS) and others are very sensitive in delineating subchondral cysts, ‘‘even with robust FS or WE [water excitation], these sequences are notoriously
Robust Image Segmentation using Local Median

In recent years, region-based active contour models have gained great popularity in solving image segmentation problem. Those models usually share two assumptions regarding the image pixel properties: 1) within each region/ object, the intensity values conform to a Gaussian distribution; 2) the "global mean" (average intensity value) for different regions are distinct, therefore can be used in discriminating pixels. These two assumptions are often violated in reality, which results in segmentation leakage or misclassification. In this paper, we propose a robust segmentation framework that overcomes the above mentioned drawback existing in most region-based active contour models. Our framework consists of two components: 1) instead of using a global average intensity value (mean) to represent certain region, we use local medians as the region representative measure to better characterize the local property of the image; 2) median and sum of absolute values (L1 norm) is used to formulate the energy minimization functional for better handling intensity variations and outliers. Experiments are conducted on several real images, and we compare our solution with a popular region-based model to show the improvements.
Brief cortical deactivation early in life has long-lasting effects on multisensory behavior.

Detecting and locating environmental events are markedly enhanced by the midbrain's ability to integrate visual and auditory cues. Its capacity for multisensory integration develops in cats 1–4 months after birth but only after acquiring extensive visual–auditory experience. However, briefly deactivating specific regions of association cortex during this period induced long-term disruption of this maturational process, such that even 1 year later animals were unable to integrate visual and auditory cues to enhance their behavioral performance. The data from this animal model reveal a window of sensitivity within which association cortex mediates the encoding of cross-modal experience in the midbrain. Surprisingly, however, 3 years later, and without any additional intervention, the capacity appeared fully developed. This suggests that, although sensitivity degrades with age, the potential for acquiring or modifying multisensory integration capabilities extends well into adulthood.
Real-time I-MR-imaging--guided cryoablation of uterine fibroids.

In an ongoing prospective clinical trial, two patients with large, symptomatic uterine fibroids were treated with percutaneous magnetic resonance (MR)-imaging–guided cryoablation. Patients were followed with serial MR imaging studies and clinical evaluation according to Institutional Review Board protocol. Short-term imaging and clinical data were collected to assess the effects of the therapy. Both patients confirmed a significant reduction or elimination of their symptoms at 2 weeks after cryoablation. Measurements obtained from MR imaging performed after cryoablation documented a 65% and 53% reduction in each patient's fibroid volume at 8 weeks. Early clinical and imaging results confirm MR-imaging–guided cryoablation was effective at reducing or relieving these two patients' symptoms related to uterine fibroids and post-cryoablation imaging confirmed a significant reduction in fibroid volume.
Correspondling states correlations for liquid compressibility and partial molal volumes of gases at infinite dilution in liquids

A statistical mechanical solution theory is used as the basis for corresponding states formulations. Universal functions relate the compressibility to the reduced density and the partial molar volume to reduced solvent density only. Correlations are in good agreement with data for all types of nonelectrolytes over wide ranges of temperatures including saturated and compressed systems. The correlations provide simple methods for describing the isothermal pressure dependence of liquid volumes and the pressure dependence of the ideal-solution solubility of gases in liquids.
OPA: a one-time password system

Most network applications authenticate users with an account name/password system. Systems using reusable passwords are susceptible to attacks based on the theft of the password. One-time password systems attempt to alleviate the problem of "sniffed" passwords by making the replay of a password useless. However, one-time password systems require the use of a generator that creates the one-time password. The added inconvenience (and in some cases cost) of the generator has limited the wide spread application of one-time password systems. OPA (One-time Password Algorithms) implements a system that allows users to protect their accounts with a one-time password that adds minimal additional complexity over a simple reusable password system. OPA does not offer the degree of security provided by most other one-time password systems but can provide additional security when compared to reusable passwords.
Galvanic corrosion testing using electrochemical and immersion techniques

This activity plan is prepared in accordance with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Yucca Mountain Project procedure 033.YMP-QP 3.0, �Scientific Investigation Control.� This plan is written for activity E-20-46, entitled �Galvanic Corrosion Testing,� which is a part of the Scientific Investigation Plan (SIP) �Metal Barrier Selection and Testing� (SIP-CM-01, Rev 2, CN SIP-CM-01-2-l).
PROLEGOMENA TO ANY FUTURE QUALITATIVE PHYSICS

We evaluate the success of the qualitative physics enterprise in automating expert reasoning about physical systems. The field has agreed, in essentials, upon a modeling language for dynamical systems, a representation for behavior, and an analysis method. The modeling language consists of generalized ordinary differential equations containing unspecified constants and monotonic functions; the behavioral representation decomposes the state space described by the equations into discrete cells; and the analysis method traces the transitory response using sign arithmetic and calculus. The field has developed several reasoners based on these choices over some 15 years. We demonstrate that these reasoners exhibit severe limitations in comparison with experts and can analyze only a handful of simple systems. We trace the limitations to inappropriate assumptions about expert needs and methods. Experts ordinarily seek to determine asymptotic behavior rather than transient response, and use extensive mathematical knowledge and numerical analysis to derive this information. Standard mathematics provides complete qualitative understanding of many systems, including those addressed so far in qualitative physics. Preliminary evidence suggests that expert knowledge and reasoning methods can be automated directly, without restriction to the accepted language, representation, and algorithm. We conclude that expert knowledge and methods provide the most promising basis for automating qualitative reasoning about physical systems.
Cache-aided rollback error recovery (CARER) algorithm for shared-memory multiprocessor systems

Three cache-aided error-recovery algorithms for use in shared-memory multiprocessor systems are presented. They rely on hardware and specially designed cache memory for all their soft error management operations and can be easily incorporated into existing cache-coherence protocols. An example illustrating their use in a multiprocessor system employing Dragon as its cache-coherence protocol is given, and the results of a tradeoff analysis are presented. >
Semiparametric analysis of correlated recurrent and terminal events

In clinical and observational studies, recurrent event data (e.g., hospitalization) with a terminal event (e.g., death) are often encountered. In many instances, the terminal event is strongly correlated with the recurrent event process. In this article, we propose a semiparametric method to jointly model the recurrent and terminal event processes. The dependence is modeled by a shared gamma frailty that is included in both the recurrent event rate and terminal event hazard function. Marginal models are used to estimate the regression effects on the terminal and recurrent event processes, and a Poisson model is used to estimate the dispersion of the frailty variable. A sandwich estimator is used to achieve additional robustness. An analysis of hospitalization data for patients in the peritoneal dialysis study is presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Hands-On Experience For Students In Information Systems Design

This article describes a project tin which college students in an advanced systems analysis and design class in the school of business developed an information system for another school. The students were able to obtain hands-on experience in an environment that could be controlled to ensure that educational objectives were met. The client was able to conserve development funds to enhance the project in another area.