cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
President Trump’s Effect on House Republicans

This chapter investigates President Trump’s effect on the electoral fortunes of House Republicans in the 2018 midterm elections. It focuses on candidates President Trump endorsed on Twitter, the 25 Republican candidates who ran for election in districts that Hillary Clinton won in 2016, and the 11 Democratic candidates who ran for election in districts that President Trump won in 2016. In addition, it also explores vote swings in House districts between 2016 and 2018.
Right Ventricle Dependent Coronary Circulation: Location of Obstruction is Associated with Survival

Background Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) with right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation (RVDCC) carries suboptimal outcomes primarily due to cardiac ischemia. We hypothesize clinical outcomes are affected by the level of coronary obstruction, a surrogate for vulnerable myocardium. Methods We conducted a single-institution retrospective analysis of all neonates with PAIVS with RVDCC from 1995 to 2017. RVDCC was defined as the presence of any coronary-cameral fistula with coronary obstruction proximal to the fistula and angiographic evidence of RV perfusion of the myocardium through the fistulous communication. Location of coronary obstruction was categorized as either proximal or distal segments, using the SYNTAX score criteria. Transplant-free survival was compared between patients with proximal and distal obstruction, then these groups were compared with patients without RVDCC. Results Of 103 neonates with PAIVS, 28 (27%) had RVDCC: 18 proximal (64%), 10 distal (36%). Median age at last follow-up for patients with RVDCC was 1.8 years (interquartile range, 0.3-8.1 years). All deaths (10 of 28, 36%) occurred at 6 months old or earlier. Proximal coronary artery obstruction was associated with decreased transplant-free survival relative to distal obstruction (hazard ratio = 3.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-13.00; P = .048). Transplant-free survival at 1 year was 33% and 70% in the proximal and distal obstruction groups, respectively. Compared with patients without RVDCC, patients with proximal obstruction had significantly lower transplant-free survival (P Conclusions The location of coronary artery obstruction affects clinical outcome and may represent a potential branch point in the management for PAIVS with RVDCC.
Altered germline cyst and oocyte differentiation in Tex14 mutant mice reveal a new mechanism underlying female reproductive life-span

In adult mammalian females, primordial follicles that form in the fetal/neonatal ovary are the only source to sustain adult ovarian function. Our previous studies revealed that during oocyte differentiation and primordial follicle formation in mouse fetal ovaries, primary oocytes form via gaining cytoplasm and organelles from sister germ cells that are connected to them by intercellular bridges within germline cysts. To better understand the role of intercellular bridges in oocyte differentiation, we analyzed mutant females lacking testis-expressed 14 (Tex14), a gene involved in cytokinesis and bridge formation. In Tex14-/- fetal ovaries, germ cells divide to form a reduced number of cysts in which sister germ cells are still connected via syncytia or fragmented cell membranes, rather than normal intercellular bridges. Compared with wildtype cysts, Tex14-/- cysts fragment at a higher frequency and produce a greatly reduced number of primary oocytes with highly precocious cytoplasmic enrichment and enlarged volume. By contrast, Tex14+/- germline cysts are less fragmented and generate primary oocytes that are smaller than wild type. Interestingly, enlarged Tex14-/- primary oocytes are much more stable than wild type oocytes and more efficiently sustain folliculogenesis, whereas undersized Tex14+/- primary oocytes turn over at an accelerated rate. Our observations directly link the nature of fetal germ cell connectivity to cytoplasmic enrichment during oocyte differentiation and to oocyte developmental potential in the adult ovary. Our results imply that the duration of adult ovarian function is strongly influenced by the number of primary oocytes acquiring highly enriched cytoplasm during oocyte differentiation in fetal ovaries, rather than just by the size of the primordial follicle pool.
The Myth of Obsolete Obscenity

First Amendment scholars have argued of late that obscenity law is obsolete, outdated, and unused. Contending that the proliferation of pornography on the Internet has proven to be too sweeping a change for government to effectively police and target, scholars cite declining numbers of federal prosecutions and reduced federal funding for specialized investigations as evidence of obscenity’s modern irrelevance. But these scholars tell an incomplete story of the current state of obscenity law. Relying solely on federal statistical data and political explanations, the current literature on obscenity law overlooks the importance of state-based and local obscenity prosecutions in assessing the current state of affairs. In other words, to argue that obscenity law is a thing of the past is short-sighted and, in many respects, incorrect. To demonstrate the fallacy of the current school of thought on obscenity, this Article addresses the full range of recent obscenity prosecutions in the United States on both the state and federal levels. The Article concludes with the observation that the current state of obscenity prosecutions, in which certain sexually explicit speech is criminalized and punished in an almost randomized manner while other erotic speech multiplies and spreads unfettered, presents grave danger to the First Amendment right of free speech.
ROBUS: Fair Cache Allocation for Data-parallel Workloads

Systems for processing big data---e.g., Hadoop, Spark, and massively parallel databases---need to run workloads on behalf of multiple tenants simultaneously. The abundant disk-based storage in these systems is usually complemented by a smaller, but much faster, cache. Cache is a precious resource: Tenants who get to use the cache can see two orders of magnitude performance improvement. Cache is also a limited and hence shared resource: Unlike a resource like a CPU core which can be used by only one tenant at a time, a cached data item can be accessed by multiple tenants at the same time. Cache, therefore, has to be shared by a multi-tenancy-aware policy across tenants, each having a unique set of priorities and workload characteristics. In this paper, we develop cache allocation strategies that speed up the overall workload while being fair to each tenant. We build a novel fairness model targeted at the shared resource setting that incorporates not only the more standard concepts of Pareto-efficiency and sharing incentive, but we also define envy freeness via the notion of core from cooperative game theory. Our cache management platform, ROBUS, uses randomization over small time batches, and we develop a proportionally fair allocation mechanism that satisfies the core property in expectation. We show that this algorithm and related fair algorithms can be approximated to arbitrary precision in polynomial time. We evaluate these algorithms on a ROBUS prototype implemented on Spark with RDD store used as cache. Our evaluation on an industry-standard workload shows that our algorithms score high on both performance and fairness metrics across a wide variety of practical multi-tenant setups.
Distributed Combined Emission-Economic Dispatch via Coalitional Integration of Wind Turbines

Intermittent and fluctuating renewable energy sources are increasingly becoming integral parts of modern electric power grids. The increasing reliance on renewable energy resources and usage of large-scale distributed generators to replace existing traditional turbines are motivated by the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the environment and the nation's energy dependency to address the shortage of fossil fuels. However, the intermittent nature of wind energy resources tends to make stability problems more challenging with the continuous mismatch between supply and demand. These challenges have engendered a necessity for the development of effective strategies/algorithms that can enable the resilient operation of power systems. This paper utilizes the concept of cooperative game theory (i.e., Shapley Value) to develop a new strategy for incorporating wind energy cost and transmission line loss in combined emission economic dispatch. The main goals are to integrate distributed wind sources while efficiently trading power, sensibly reduce the use of traditional sources, optimal dispatch generators, and increase spinning reserves to allow more flexible management of system stability issues. The optimization problem is solved hourly for different scenarios of wind energy, demand and traditional sources with three wind farms while maintaining system generation constraints, voltage constraints, area reserve, and ramp rate constraints. The Shapley-value-based algorithm is used for fair distribution of the utility among the coalition members. The proposed model is successfully validated using the IEEE 39 bus system. The developed algorithm is able to accommodate variable wind, and reduce the total cost and real power losses of the system.
Bacterial blight resistance in cotton: genetic basis and molecular mapping

Bacterial blight (BB, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, Xcm) is a worldwide disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.). The disease has been effectively controlled through the use of BB resistant cultivars and planting of acid-delinted seed. However, a resurgence of BB has been noted in the US in recent years due to the spread of Xcm race 18 and growing of susceptible transgenic cultivars, which calls for a renewed effort to develop new BB resistant cultivars. However, there has been a paucity of information in genetics and breeding for BB resistance since the 1990s due to the lack of research efforts. This review was prepared to fill this void with an objective to provide detailed results from past qualitative and quantitative genetic studies on BB resistance, including genetic designs and specific germplasm used for conducting research. More than 20 major resistance B genes (B1 to B8, B9K, B9L, B10K, B10L, B11, B12, BIn, Bn, Bs, and more than 4 unnamed genes), with at least two polygene complexes (BSm and BDm), have been identified. One B gene may be resistant to a single or multiple Xcm races, and pyramiding of several B genes can enhance resistance to a single or multiple Xcm races. Allelic relationships among some of the genes are currently unknown. Quantitative genetics has been employed to estimate heritability, gene effects, additive and dominance variances, and effective number of genes for BB resistance. The studies suggest that the additive effect and additive variance play a predominant role in BB resistance, while the dominant effect and variance play a reduced role in resistance. Heritability estimates are moderate to high depending on environmental errors, and 1–2 effective numbers of genes have been estimated, consistent with Mendelian genetic studies. Studies in molecular mapping of several BB resistance genes (B2, B3, b6, and B12) have been conducted with the focus on B12 as it is resistant to races 1 through 19. Portable DNA markers have been developed and used in marker-assisted selection for BB resistance. Finally, areas where there is a lack of information and controversies are identified and assessed. This review provides an updated comprehensive account of the genetic basis for BB resistance in cotton.
Sleep Disruption and Investor Processing of Earnings News: Evidence from Daylight Saving Time Advances

Despite extensive evidence on the effects of psychological and behavioral factors on investors’ processing of accounting information, little is known about how physiological factors affect the investor response to accounting disclosures. Research in neuroscience suggests that sleep disruptions can have profound physiological effects that impair cognition. Motivated by this evidence, we use “spring forward” Daylight Saving Time (DST) phase advances, which have been shown to inhibit cognitive function by disrupting the human sleep cycle and circadian rhythm, to examine the effect of sleep disruption on investors’ reactions to earnings news. We find consistent evidence of a muted reaction to earnings news released during the week following a DST advance. We also find that this effect is stronger when investors are more likely to be trading on earnings news. We find no evidence of a decrease in EDGAR downloads or media attention during this period, suggesting that DST advances affect investors’ information integration, rather than information acquisition. Our inferences are strengthened through a placebo test performed during the previous (i.e., pre-2007) DST phasing regime, and through alternative design choices and robustness tests. Overall, our findings suggest that sleep disruptions affect investors’ ability to integrate value-relevant earnings news into their trading decisions. Our study provides insight into the costs of sleep inadequacy, which has been declared a public health epidemic and is prevalent among professional investors, and informs ongoing policy debates regarding the abolishment of DST phasing.
Transnational Fascism in the Twentieth Century: Spain, Italy and the Global Neo-Fascist Network: by Matteo Albanese and Pablo del Hierro, Modern History of Politics and Violence Series, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2018, 224 + xi pp., $130.00, £85.5 (hardcover); $35.96, £ 26.99 (paperback); 28.76, £ 21.59 (e-book), ISBN 978-1-350-06384-6

Albanese and del Hierro focus on providing a detailed account of the international linkages between Spanish and Italian fascism from the end of World War I to the end of the Franco regime in 1975 a...
Comparison and Analysis on ICA & PCA’s Ability in Feature Extraction

In the domain of pattern recognition, there are similarities between Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) in their ways of conducting analysis. Firstly the theory and characteristics of ICA and PCA are analyzed in this paper. Then classification algorithms based on reconstruction models using ICA and PCA to conduct written character recognition are proposed. Finally, by using the USPS database, comprehensive comparison and ana1ysis of ICA and PCA in term of their ability in feature extraction, model reconstruction and classification are reported.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in the 2019 novel coronavirus, when the coinfection affects the mortality

Introduction: The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently causing a pandemic all over the world. Many patients suffer from respiratory syndromes, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Coinfection with fungi is rare in these fragile patients but does increase the mortality risk in them. We present a case of COVID-19 who presented with shortness of breath and was found to have associated pulmonary cryptococcosis.Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus was transferred to our hospital with an upper GI bleed. Initially, she presented to another hospital after she was tested positive for COVID-19 and subsequently admitted due to shortness of breath. She was transferred to our critical care unit for a higher level of care after reporting melena and having a hemoglobin drop. She was in respiratory distress when admitted and was intubated. A culture from a deep tracheal aspirate grew Cryptococcus neoformans on admission. Cryptococcal antigen in her blood was negative. The patient was started on fluconazole. More history from her family indicated that she was immunocompetent with no chronic corticosteroid therapy or HIV. Lumbar puncture was done and showed an opening pressure of 34 cm H2O with 25 RBCs/mm3 and 5 WBCs/mm3, but it was performed after she received fluconazole for several days. The patient died with ARDS. Discussion: Cryptococcosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection usually caused by inhalation of C. neoformans or C. gatti spores. Severe cryptococcal disease occurs in immunocompromised patients but can also occur in immunocompetent adults. The association between fungal infection and COVID-19 has been reported with Aspergillus species. Yet, few reports are available about coinfection with Cryptococcus species and COVID-19. Considering that COVID-19 causes ARDS, coinfection with Cryptococcus species almost certainly increases inflammation in the lung and the risk for poor outcomes. Since corticosteroids are a necessary treatment in COVID-19 with respiratory symptoms and hypoxemia, initiating them in patients with cryptococcal infection should be closely monitored for the possibility of dissemination. Clinicians should obtain cultures for Cryptococcus species from blood and the central nervous system in COVID-19 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and balance the need for corticosteroids with the risk of cryptococcal dissemination.
Mastitis Therapy and Pharmacology of Drugs in the Bovine Mammary Gland

Mastitis remains a major concern of the dairy industry, despite frequent use of therapy and application of mastitis control programs. Prevention and control are the most productive approaches to mastitis. However, therapy is important for clinical mastitis and is a component of mastitis control. Approximately 20-80% of cows are affected by clinical mastitis annually (Dohoo, 1987, Wilesmith et al., 1986). The annual US market for intramammary infusion products is approximately $30 million (Gingerich, 1987). Mastitis therapy should be efficacious, cost-effective, and antibiotic residues in meat and milk should be avoided. The purpose of this paper is to discuss mastitis therapy and the pharmacology of drugs in the bovine mammary gland.Specific areas considered include:1. Current status of mastitis.2. The pharmacology of drugs in the mammary gland.3. Therapeutic failures.4. Current developments in mastitis therapy.
Bidirectional Regulatory Cross-Talk between Cell Context and Genomic Aberrations Shapes Breast Tumorigenesis

Breast cancers are classified into five intrinsic subtypes and 10 integrative clusters based on gene expression patterns and genomic aberrations, respectively. Although the cell-of-origin, adaptive plasticity, and genomic aberrations shape dynamic transcriptomic landscape during cancer progression, how interplay between these three core elements governs obligatory steps for a productive cancer progression is unknown. Here, we used genetic ancestry-mapped immortalized breast epithelial cell lines generated from breast biopsies of healthy women that share gene expression profiles of luminal A, normal-like, and basal-like intrinsic subtypes of breast cancers and breast cancer relevant oncogenes to develop breast cancer progression model. Using flow cytometry, mammosphere growth, signaling pathway, DNA damage response, and in vivo tumorigenicity assays, we provide evidence that establishes cell context–dependent effects of oncogenes in conferring plasticity, self-renewal/differentiation, intratumor heterogeneity, and metastatic properties. In contrast, oncogenic aberrations, independent of cell context, shaped response to DNA damage-inducing agents. Collectively, this study reveals how the same set of genomic aberration can have distinct effects on tumor characteristics based on cell-of-origin of tumor and highlights the need to utilize multiple “normal” epithelial cell types to decipher oncogenic properties of a gene of interest. In addition, by creating multiple isogenic cell lines ranging from primary cells to metastatic variants, we provide resources to elucidate cell-intrinsic properties and cell-oncogene interactions at various stages of cancer progression. Implications: Our findings demonstrate that how an interplay between the normal cell type that encountered genomic aberrations and type of genomic aberration influences heterogeneity, self-renewal/differentiation, and tumor properties including propensity for metastasis.
Li-ion Battery Aging with Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Fleet-wide Data

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used to power electric unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs).Therefore, the ability to model both the state of charge as well as battery health is very important for reliable and affordable operation of UAV fleets.Even though models based on first principles are accurate and trustworthy, the complex electro-chemistry that governs battery discharge and aging makes it hard to build and use such models for in-time monitoring of battery conditions.Moreover, the careful tuning or estimation of high-fidelity model parameters hampers the straightforward deployment in the field.Alternatively, reduced order models have the advantage of capturing the overall behavior of battery discharge. Reduced-order principle-based models are built by carefully simplifying the physics/chemistry such that computational cost is dramatically reduced while the overall behavior of the system is still captured.These simplifications also lead to a number of parameters to be estimated based on data as well as residual discrepancy (model-form uncertainty).This approach can lead to a number of parameters to be estimated based on data as well as residual model-form uncertainty; a property shared with machine learning models. The latter are solely built on the basis of data, and can still capture unexpected nonlinearities.The drawback is that traditional machine learning tends to require large number of data points hard to retrieve in many scientific and engineering fields like, for example, the field of battery discharge and degradation prediction. In this paper, we will present a hybrid modeling approach for tracking and forecasting battery aging based on ``as-used'' conditions.Our approach directly implements a reduced-order model based on Nerst and Butler-Volmer equations within a deep neural network framework.While most of the input-output relationship is captured by reduced-order models, the data-driven kernels reduce the gap between predictions and observations.The hybrid model estimates the overall battery discharge, and a multilayer perceptron models the battery internal voltage.Battery aging is characterized by time-dependent internal resistance and the amount of available Li-ions.We address the difficult issue of building and updating the aging model by reducing the need for reference discharge cycles.This is beneficial to operators, since it reduces the need of taking the batteries out of commission.We compensate for lack of reference discharge cycles by using a probabilistic model that leverages previously available fleet-wide information. We validate our approach using data publicly available through the NASA Prognostics Center of Excellence website.Results showed that our hybrid battery prognosis model can be successfully calibrated, even with a limited number of observations.Moreover, the model can help optimizing battery operation by offering long-term forecast of battery capacity.
Together, Apart. A Review of on (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies of Presence and Absence, Love and Loss, Edited by Jonathan Wyatt and Tony E. Adams

Late September, 2014, my grandmother died. A second mother to me, her absence is a physical thing, palpable, an ever-present missing. Serendipitously, On (Writing) Families: Autoethographies of Presence and Absence, Love and Loss, edited by Jonathan Wyatt and Tony E. Adams (2014), ended up in my mailbox. I read the title and thought I'd find some connection to help me through my own grief. I was correct. I enjoy reading personal narrative of family, and On (Writing) Families does not disappoint. The chapters are honest (sometimes painfully so) and avoid the schmaltzy turn these sort of narratives can sometimes take. Indeed, this diverse, multi-layered set of writing hangs together beautifully, exploring the connections, entanglements, and spaces between these assemblages we call family. The reader will not find tidy, happy endings. Nothing is pat or contrived here. As the editors note in the introduction: "The chapters show ... what parents, children, and families can mean, not in any sentimental sense, but rather how they matter even if we wish they didn't" (p. 3). This are truly ethnographies that break your heart (Behar, 1996), but don't leave you broken. Each chapter is a slice of family life, from a variety of perspectives and with a variety of writing styles. Throughout I found myself alive in the writing. Riding in the car with Patricia Leavy and her daughter, singing along to Katy Perry, contemplating how to balance feminism, pop culture, and raising a daughter. With Desiree Rowes, feeling the pain of a child who believes her name is misspelled in her father's tattoo (is it? And if so, what does that mean?). Sitting alongside of Anne Harris on her biological mother's front porch, being ghosts, queering autoethnography, queering adoption. Through an autoethnographic approach, these authors turn a scholarly lens onto their own experiences of family. Via careful analysis, creative nonfiction elements are tied to the insights offered by qualitative inquiry. As the editor's note, "Autoethnographers try to balance methodological rigor, emotion, and creativity, and they write with an attention toward improving personal/social life" (p 5). This collection accomplishes this mission exceedingly well, and instructors will find the chapters useful as exemplary illustrations of the craft. After all, what better data than our own lived experiences? As Rowes writes in her chapter, "Roses and Grime: Tattoos, Texts, and Failure,": It is important that I attempt to mark the familial entanglements between my father and me as entanglements that I am trying to write through. …
A simulation and genetic algorithm approach to stochastic research constrained project scheduling

Resource constrained project scheduling problems are very difficult to solve to optimality. Because of the computational complexity, scheduling heuristics have been found useful for large deterministic problems. However, these scheduling heuristics have not been applied to problems with stochastic task durations. Heuristics are often combined to try to achieve better performance. When this is done, a search over all possible combinations is generally required. This is again a very computationally intensive task, especially for stochastic problems. We demonstrate how a genetic algorithm can be used to determine the best linear combination of scheduling heuristics. A simulation model is used to evaluate the performance of each combination of the heuristics selected by the genetic algorithm, and this performance information is used by the genetic algorithm to select the next combinations to evaluate. The genetic algorithm and simulation based approach is demonstrated using a multiple resource constrained project scheduling problem with stochastic task durations.
A Two-Phase Approach to Reverse Engineering Using Formal Methods

Reverse engineering of program code is the process of constructing a higher level abstraction of an implementation in order to facilitate the understanding of a system that may be in a “legacy” or “geriatric” state. Changing architectures and improvements in programming methods, including formal methods in software development and object-oriented programming, have prompted a need to reverse engineer and re-engineer program code. This paper presents a two-phase approach to reverse engineering, the results of which can be used to guide the re-implementation of an object-oriented version of the system. The first phase abstracts formal specifications from program code, while the second phase constructs candidate objects from the formal specifications obtained from the first phase.
Ethical Challenges for Technology Managers: Privacy, Consent, and Security

In this essay, several of the most prominent ethical challenges that confront technology managers will be presented. After an overview of privacy theory a case based analysis will be offered. Issues to be discussed include: workplace monitoring; video voyeurism; free speech; and security.
Drug Delivery Strategies for Combating Multiple Drug Resistance

Although cancer research has been steady for the past 40 years, only modest gains have been observed in reducing cancer mortality rates, most significantly from prevention campaigns and less from drug therapy. This chapter outlines major mechanisms of drug resistance in tumors, emphasizing the contribution of each mechanism to the whole classification called multiple drug resistance (MDR), which is the simultaneous resistance to a wide range of drugs unrelated in structure or mechanism of action. For patients who demonstrate MDR markers, clinical outcomes tend to be poor. The chapter then samples innovative strategies to circumvent or overcome these resistance mechanisms, including the use of nanoparticles and new treatments that overcome drug delivery barriers. Keywords: drug delivery; drug resistance; cellular resistance; multiple drug resistance (MDR); endocytosis; co-delivery
Traduire C'est Trahir—Peut-être: Ricoeur and Derrida on the (In)Fidelity of Translation

Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida agree that translation is a tensive activity oscillating between the possible and the impossible with reference to the transposition of meaning among diverse systems of discourse. Both acknowledge that risk, alterity, and plurality accompany every attempt at paraphrasing language “in other words.” Consequently, their positions adhere to the traditional adage that “the translator is a traitor,” precisely because something is always lost in the semantic transfer. Yet, Derrida notes an important disagreement between their respective approaches to translation and accuses Ricoeur of harboring a nostalgia for unitive meaning and of promoting the possibility of a transcendental signified that could produce a “pure” translation. In this essay, I critique Derrida’s interpretation of Ricoeur specifically by examining their individual interpretations of the Tower of Babel myth. I argue that Ricoeur’s theory of Babel as a non-punitive celebration of diversity and the open play of meaning “out-deconstructs” Derrida’s own notion of dissemination.
Selection of anticoagulants for lymphocyte immunophenotyping: Effect of specimen age on results

In a multi-center study, whole blood specimens from 31 HIV-positive and 43 HIV-negative donors were collected in three different anticoagulants and assayed for lymphocyte subsets fresh (within 6 h), and 1 and 2 days later. Each center prepared the specimens by their routine whole blood lysis procedure, labeling with a recommended panel of two-color monoclonal antibody combinations. 1 day (up to about 30 h) after blood collection, the results obtained from blood collected in EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetate), ACD (acid citrate dextrose), and heparin were similar to fresh. Up to 48 h, only ACD and heparin, not EDTA, yielded results similar to fresh specimens. These results were similar for both HIV-positive and -negative specimens.
Overlapping online auctions: empirical characterization of bidder strategies and auction prices

Online auctions enable market-level interactions or interdependency of outcomes, which were not observed in physical auctions. One such set of interactions takes place when multiple auctions are conducted to sell identical items by an identical seller in an overlapping manner. This research focuses on overlapping auctions, their interactions, and the related impact on bidder behavior. We introduce the notion of auction "overlap" and examine the impact of market-level factors such as the price information revealed from prior auctions, degree of overlap, the auction format, and the overall market supply on a given auction's price. Despite a competitive setting, we find that, ceteris paribus, English auctions, on average, extract roughly 8.6 percent more revenue per unit than multiunit uniform-price Dutch auctions. We discover that the overlapping auctions attract institutional bidders, who bid in a participatory manner across multiple auctions, and that such bidders exert a downward pressure on auction prices. We find that overlap of an auction with other competing auctions has a significant negative influence on prices, and information about following auctions has a stronger negative influence than information about prior closing auctions. By estimating the expected price difference, we provide practitioners, who have private knowledge of their internal holding costs, a benchmark that can be used in deciding between using overlapping single-unit English auctions and multiunit Dutch auctions.
A schema-based translation of XQuery updates

We address the problem of translating XQuery updates to plain XQuery expressions. The resulting XQuery code reconstructs the mutable state (the updated XML data), reflecting the updated values in the new state. The translation is done using source-to-source, compositional transformations only. Unlike related approaches that use framework-specific algebras to achieve a similar goal, our work can be incorporated into any existing XQuery engine.
Contemporary art in medicine: the Cleveland Clinic art collection.

Fine art is good medicine. It comforts, elevates the spirit, and affirms life and hope. Art in the healthcare setting, combined with outstanding care and service, creates an environment that encourages healing and supports the work of medical professionals. As one of the world’s great medical centers, Cleveland Clinic has always included the arts in its healing environment. The four founders and subsequent leadership encouraged artistic and musical expression by employees. Distinguished artworks have long hung on the walls. In 1983, an Aesthetics Committee was officially formed at Cleveland Clinic to address issues of art and design in Cleveland Clinic facilities.
Age differences in hippocampal subfield volumes from childhood to late adulthood

The hippocampus is composed of distinct subfields: the four cornu ammonis areas (CA1-CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum. The few in vivo studies of human hippocampal subfields suggest that the extent of age differences in volume varies across subfields during healthy childhood development and aging. However, the associations between age and subfield volumes across the entire lifespan are unknown. Here, we used a high-resolution imaging technique and manually measured hippocampal subfield and entorhinal cortex volumes in a healthy lifespan sample (N = 202), ages 8-82 yrs. The magnitude of age differences in volume varied among the regions. Combined CA1-2 volume evidenced a negative linear association with age. In contrast, the associations between age and volumes of CA3-DG and the entorhinal cortex were negative in mid-childhood and attenuated in later adulthood. Volume of the subiculum was unrelated to age. The different magnitudes and patterns of age differences in subfield volumes may reflect dynamic microstructural factors and have implications for cognitive functions across the lifespan. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
(Ba,Sr)TiO3 ferroelectric thin films for tunable microwave applications

THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS WERE INVESTIGATED FOR TUNABLE MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS. WE HAVE OBSERVED THAT EPITAXIALLY GROWN BA1XSRXTIO3 (BST) FILMS ARE DISTORTED FROM THE NORMAL CUBIC SYMMETRY OF THE CORRESPONDING BULK AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. THIS STRUCTURAL DISTORTION CAUSED BY FILM STRAIN HAS A STRONG IMPACT ON THE MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES. FOR COMPRESSIVE STRAIN, THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND TUNING WERE DECREASED AND THE FILMS SHOWED HIGH DIELECTRIC Q. HOWEVER FOR TENSIONAL STRAIN, THE OPPOSITE EFFECT WAS OBSERVED. THIS OBSERVATION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BASED ON PHENOMENOLOGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND STRAIN-INDUCED POLARIZATION PHYSICS. TWO EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES, STRAIN-RELIEVED FILMS AND STRAIN-ENABLED FILM
Electron cloud considerations for HIF drivers

Abstract We review some previous results on electron-cloud dynamics and accumulation and the impact of electron clouds on ion beam dynamics, and assess these in the context of a magnetic-quadrupole-based heavy-ion fusion driver. We present a new analysis which exploits analytic solution of linearized envelope equations between accelerating gaps to derive a set of mapping equations which we use to extrapolate from previously obtained particle-simulation results for a beam transport system to an HIF driver.
Tooth loss is associated with small changes in nutrient intake

Original Article Hung HC, Willett W, Ascherio A, Rosner BA, Rimm E, Joshipura KJ. Tooth loss and dietary intake. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Sep;134(9):1185-92. Level of Evidence 2 Question What is the relationship between tooth loss and subsequent dietary changes? Source of Funding Government Type of Study/Design Cohort study
Integrated Watershed Management with Multiobjective Land-Use Optimizations under Uncertainty

Integrated watershed management plays an important role in the environment and ecosystem. This paper analyzes multiobjective optimizations of agricultural land-use management problems with uncertainty involved. For each trial land-use scenario, multiple objective functions are constructed based on coupled simulation of the AnnAGNPS watershed model and the CCHE1D channel network model. To account for parameter uncertainties and uncertainties in numerical model results, the combined objective function is calculated using a fuzzy logic system based on interval computations to obtain a membership function, which yields not only a crisp value but also a range of variations. The proposed approach is tested with a land-use management study for the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed in northern Mississippi. The results show that it is a convenient way to introduce uncertainty-related considerations into an optimization framework, and it can incorporate various model parameters that are difficult or impossible for other uncertainty analysis techniques to consider. More importantly, this approach allows for the development of a complex system of estimating the responses between management goals and miscellaneous environmental factors under uncertainty.
Doxycycline or Oral Corticosteroids for Nasal Polyps

The study by Van Zele et al reports positive results for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that used either 20 days of doxycycline (200 mg the first day, followed by 100 mg daily) or 20 days of a tapering schedule of methyl prednisolone (32 mg on days 1-5, 16 mg on days 6-10, and 8 mg on days 11-20) for the treatment of nasal polyps. The primary end point was reduction in nasal polyp score which was graded 0 to 4 on each side, resulting in a score range of 0 to 8; the score was determined at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. Entry criteria required that the patient either have recurrent polyps after surgery or massive polyps (grade 3 or 4); the total polyp score in each of the 3 groups averaged approximately 6. The patient population in this study was therefore at the severe end of the spectrum; results may not be generalizable to patients with milder disease.
The Effects of Government Regulations on the Supply of Pawn Loans: Evidence from 51 Jurisdictions in the U.S.

We contribute to the modest amount of existing empirical research on the fringe banking industry by examining the effects of two jurisdiction-specific restrictive regulations on the supply of pawn loans. Controlling for poverty levels, education levels, and population density, state-by-state data presented in this paper from the 51 political jurisdictions in the United States suggests considerable effects in expected ways on five aspects of supply from the two regulations. More specifically, the study provides support for the suggestion that interest rate ceilings and a requirement to return excess proceeds from the sale of collateral items tend to reduce the number of store hours, loan/value ratios, the number of very small loans made, and the number of existing pawnshops.
Optics in a research environment: spectroscopy as a teaching tool

A near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometer has been constructed and operated by a group of students with an interest in applied optics. The instrument was created by repairing and modifying a 25 year-old inoperative Cary 14 scanning spectrophotometer. Details of the modification are discussed. Students learn fundamentals of diffuse reflectance measurement, synchronous detection techniques, the use of optical instrumentation, and the physical origin of spectral features. The instrument is presently being used to measure the protein content of agricultural feeds, giving students the opportunity to develop calibration software for data analysis. Additional applications are discussed. Involved students range from college freshmen to graduate students. They, and the surrounding agricultural community, are being educated to the advantages of optical techniques as a method of nondestructive evaluation.
High bedrock incision rates in the Atenguillo River valley, Jalisco, Western Mexico

Lava flows from three basaltic shield volcanoes preserve Pliocene–Pleistocene river levels in the Atenguillo River basin, western Mexico. K–Ar dates of these basalt flows, together with present and palaeoriver levels, allow calculation of bedrock incision rates at three points along the length of the Atenguillo River: at Volcan La Laja, dated at 0·65 Ma, incision rates are 25 cm ka−1; at Volcan La Cienega (2·2 Ma) incision rates are 23 cm ka−1; and at Volcan El Vigia (2·7 Ma) incision rates are 23 cm ka−1. These high incision rates, as well as two distinct knickpoints along the profile of the Atenguillo River, are related to a base level c hange at the northern end of the basin. The dynamics of this river basin are controlled by the ongoing process of continental fragmentation associated with the opening of the Gulf of California. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young man with pernicious anemia-induced severe hyperhomocysteinemia

A 27 year-old man who presented to the hospital with progressive lower extremity weakness, developed an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction on his second hospital day. Primary angioplasty to the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed. Due to persistent dyspnea, the patient underwent a diagnostic chest computed tomography which confirmed multiple small pulmonary emboli. Laboratory analysis revealed a megaloblastic anemia with a reduced vitamin B12 level and positive titers for antibodies against intrinsic factor, establishing a diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Screening for hypercoaguable markers documented an isolated severely elevated homocysteine levels (105 μmol/l). No other significant risk factors for coronary artery disease including a family history of premature atherosclerosis were identified. This case illustrates the importance of testing for hyperhomocysteinemia as part of a workup for atherothrombotic disease, especially in patients without other significant risk factors. The severity of hyperhomocysteinemia found in our patient is unusual for patients with vitamin B12 malabsorption and raises the question of whether the widely practiced folic acid fortification in the United States may mask or even worsen vitamin B12 deficiency over time, leading to more severe cases of vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia than seen in the past.
Chromatographic separation of a rat serum growth factor required by Trypanosoma lewisi.

Abstract Rat serum globulins promote the growth of T. lewisi in the mouse, which is usually refractory to this parasite (Greenblatt and Lincicome, 1966) . DEAE (diethylaminoethyl) cellulose column chromatography utilizing the solvent described by Levy and Sober (1960) allows separation of the 7S γ2 globulin from those proteins which have the electrophoretic mobility of the β globulins. The parasitemia-promoting activity lies in the latter group of proteins. These fractions from the DEAE columns contained proteins that clustered into three classes with sedimentation coefficients of ∼ 4S, ∼7S, and ∼ 19S. Their resolution was accomplished on Sephadex G-200 columns and activity resided in the 7S fraction. This material was homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation, acrylamide gel disc and paper electrophoresis, but had considerable complexity on immunoelectrophoresis. A DEAE-Sephadex column produced simplification of the patterns so that active material was found to be confined to three very closely placed precipitin lines. A beginning has been made in quantitating the degree of purification of the active material. The nature of the material is discussed, as well as its relation to other growth stimulating and inhibiting factors.
Pediatric hospitalists and primary care providers: a communication needs assessment.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Existing research on hospitalist–primary care provider (PCP) communication focuses mainly on adult hospitalist models with little known about the quality of current pediatric hospitalist-PCP communication. Our objective was to perform a needs assessment by exploring important issues around communication between pediatric hospitalists and PCPs. METHODS: Six previously identified issues around hospitalist-PCP communication from the adult hospitalist literature were abstracted and incorporated into an open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested, revised, and administered by phone to 10 pediatric hospitalists and 12 pediatric PCPs residing in our 5-state catchment area. Interviews were transcribed and openly coded, and themes compared using qualitative methods. RESULTS: The 6 identified issues were: quality of communication, barriers to communication, methods of information sharing, key data element requirements, critical timing, and perceived benefits. Hospitalists and PCPs rated overall quality of communication from “poor” to “very good.” Both groups acknowledge that significant barriers to optimal communication currently exist, yet the barriers differ for each group. Hospitalists and PCPs agree on what information is important to transmit (diagnoses, medications, follow-up needs, and pending laboratory test results) and critical times for communication during the hospitalization (at discharge, admission, and during major clinical changes). Both groups also agree that optimal communication could improve many aspects of patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying and addressing barriers to these 6 issues may help both hospitalists and PCPs implement targeted interventions aimed at improving communication. Future studies will need to demonstrate the link between improved hospitalist-PCP communication and improved patient care and outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.