cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of Clinical Trials and Registries in Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

Aortic disease is a significant pathology, as it represents the 12 th leading cause of overall death. Aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta pose a small but significant part of this pathology. Traditional open descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) repair continues to be performed despite relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. As endovascular therapy to treat vascular disease has evolved, a paradigm shift has occurred such that likely most isolated TAAs are now repaired with an endovascular approach. Multiple, prospective trials have been performed comparing open and endovascular TAA repair with three company sponsored trials documenting clinical equipoise. In these studies, endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair (ETAR) was mostly compared with historic controls or open repair from centers of excellence. While the trials all indicate that 30-day peri-operative morbidity and mortality is lower in the ETAR group, these trials were not designed to determine which patient is best served by an open versus an endovascular approach. In addition, long-term follow-up data is limited. Registry data of patients undergoing ETAR seems to mirror that of the aforementioned clinical trials and indicates acceptable morbidity and mortality profiles when compared to published open TAA repair results. Future prospective studies focused on patient selection likely will never be performed, as most believe the benefits of ETAR outweigh the lack of long term follow up data. This review will focus on repair of TAA, specifically clinical trial and registry data comparing open and endovascular repair.
Composite Vessels for Containment of Extreme Blast Loadings

A worldwide trend for explosives testing has been to replace open-air detonations with containment vessels, especially when any hazardous materials are involved. As part of the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) effort to ensure the safety and reliability of the nation's nuclear stockpile, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have been developing a high performance filament wound composite firing vessel that is nearly radiographically transparent. It was intended to contain a limited number of detonations of metal cased explosive assemblies in radiographic facilities such as the Advanced Hydrodynamic Facility (AHF) being studied by Los Alamos National Laboratory. A 2-meter diameter pressure vessel was designed to contain up to 35 kg (80 lb) of TNT equivalent explosive without leakage. Over the past 5 years a total of three half-scale (1 meter diameter) vessels have been constructed, and two of them were tested to 150% load with 8.2 kg (18-pound) spheres of C4 explosive. The low density and high specific strength advantages used in this composite vessel design may have other additional applications such as transporting sensitive explosives that could otherwise be moved only in very small quantities. Also, it could be used for highly portable, explosive containment systems for law enforcement.
Sibling support in early adolescence: Buffering and compensation across relationships

The current study is an examination of how support from siblings relates to psychological adjustment and academic competence in early adolescence, with a focus on the buffering and compensatory effects of sibling support. Participants were 695 (357 female and 338 male) African-American, Hispanic-American and European-American students in grades 5 through 8. The age range was 11 to 15 (M = 12.69, SD = 1.12). Participants were interviewed in school regarding their social support in addition to their familial, economic and environmental risk, psychological wellbeing, and academic competence. Brother support was associated with more positive school attitudes and with higher self-esteem. Sister support buffered the relationship between ecological risk and school adaptation. In terms of a compensatory effect, students under low mother support conditions receiving greater support from brothers exhibited higher school achievement. The current study highlights the importance of examining constellation variables as...
PhotoNet: A Similarity-Aware Picture Delivery Service for Situation Awareness

We propose PhotoNet, a picture delivery service for camera sensor networks. PhotoNet is motivated by the needs of disaster-response applications, where a group of survivors and first responders may survey damage and send images to a rescue center in the absence of a functional communication infrastructure. The protocol runs on mobile devices, handling opportunistic forwarding (when they come in contact) and in-network storage. It assigns priorities to images for forwarding and replacement depending on the degree of similarity (or dissimilarity) among them, such that scarce resources are assigned to delivery of most ``deserving'' content first. Prioritization aims at reducing semantic redundancy such as that between pictures of the same scene at the same location taken from slightly different angles. This is in contrast to redundancy among identical objects and among time series data. PhotoNet delivers more diverse pictures in terms of event coverage suppressing logically redundant content belonging to the same event. We show that, in resource constrained networks, reducing semantic redundancy can significantly improve the utility of the service.
Why Do Firms Pay Dividends? International Evidence on the Determinants of Dividend Policy

In the U.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, France, and Japan, the propensity to pay dividends is higher among larger, more profitable firms, and those for which retained earnings comprise a large fraction of total equity. Although there are hints of reductions in the propensity to pay dividends in most of the sample countries over the 1994 to 2002 period, they are driven by a failure of newly listed firms to initiate dividends when expected to do so. Dividend abandonment and the failure to initiate by existing nonpayers are economically unimportant except in Japan. Moreover, in each country, aggregate dividends have not declined and are concentrated among the largest, most profitable firms. Finally, outside of the U.S. there is little evidence of a systematic positive relation between relative prices of dividend paying and non-paying firms and the propensity to pay dividends. Overall, these findings cast doubt on signaling, clientele, and catering explanations for dividends, but support agency cost-based lifecycle theories.
Reduced annexin II protein expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer.

Abstract Context.—Annexin II is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in many cellular functions, including apoptosis, signal transduction, and cellular motility. The protein is strongly expressed in normal prostatic epithelial glands, but its expression in benign prostatic lesions has not been reported. Although commonly underexpressed in prostate cancer, the association of reduced expression with pathologic grade and stage is unknown. Objective.—To compare annexin II expression in benign prostatic lesions with expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer, as well as to correlate expression levels with pathologic grade and stage. Design.—A semi-quantitative assessment of annexin II expression was performed in radical prostatectomy specimens from 74 patients and prostate needle core biopsy specimens from 13 patients. Foci with normal prostatic glands, atrophic glands, basal cell hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, an...
Electromechanical peridynamics modeling of piezoresistive response of carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Abstract In this work, a coupled electromechanical peridynamics formulation is presented which is used to study the electrical and piezoresistive response of a carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer nanocomposite material. CNT nanocomposites are multiscale materials which have unique piezoresistive properties arising from mechanisms operating from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The origin of piezoresistivity in CNT nanocomposites is a nanoscale phenomenon known as electron hopping or the electrical tunneling effect which allows an electric current to flow between neighboring CNTs even when not in contact, thereby forming a conductive network. A nanoscale representative volume element of a CNT bundle is chosen, i.e. a local region of high CNT volume fraction within the polymer matrix, wherein coupled electromechanical peridynamic equations are solved to evaluate the effective electrical and piezoresistive properties. The peridynamics formulation is used to introduce electron hopping in a unique way, through electron hopping bonds which have a horizon distance and conductivity dictated by the appropriate physics operating at the nanoscale. The effective electromechanical response depends on parameters such as CNT volume fraction, properties of the polymer matrix between CNTs and applied strain which are investigated in detail. Both quasistatic and dynamic loading conditions are considered where the effective electromechanical response is found to depend on variations in the local conductivity of intertube regions.
Thalidomide and Embryonic Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy

The thalidomide experience of the late 1950s and early 1960s raised many questions about the safety of drugs for use in pregnancy, but perhaps most important the subsequent research called the attention of the scientific world to the fact that the human embryo may be highly sensitive to drugs that have little apparent toxicity in the adult human or to the embryos of other species. As a direct consequence, concern about the well-being of the developing embryo has greatly increased, with the result that today there are in existence a variety of experimental and epidemiologic methods for evaluating the adverse effects of drugs during pregnancy. Also as a consequence, knowledge of developmental processes has increased dramatically. Despite these important advances, however, there is still little agreement about the mechanism of action of thalidomide on the embryo. Until this mechanism is understood biomedical science must remain ignorant of a critical aspect of development, and also must accept the possibility of a recurrence of a similar event in the future.
Time resolved asymmetrically enhanced third harmonic generation from noble-gas cluster explosions

We studied asymmetrically enhanced third harmonic generation from a noble-gas clustered jet heated with high intensity lasers using pump-probe techniques. When enhanced due to resonance and increased coherence length, third harmonic generation becomes temporarily anisotropic.
Managing Simultaneous Production of Graded Products in Co-Production Systems

Co-production systems simultaneously produce a number of vertically differentiated products that perform the same task but at different performance levels and permit downward substitution. When the manufacturing decision is made under demand uncertainty, the downward substitution performed after the demands are observed leads to increased revenue. However, the production of these products in relatively rigid fractions results in redundant manufacturing of at least a few products leading to increased costs. We analyze the net benefit of these two effects, and discuss the implications for the value of downward substitution, part commonality, and quality improvement efforts in co-production systems. The manufacturing decision problem is similar to the multi-item inventory problem of vertically differentiated products where each product can be manufactured independently. However, the manufacturing of all products in fixed ratios relative to each other results in unique properties and managerial insights for co-production systems. We obtain these properties and insights using a novel analytical solution of the single-period co-production problem for up to four levels of downward substitution.
History of Mathematics

(1915). History of Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 299-304.
Biology of the Adult Hemerobius pacificus

The influence of temperature and photoperiod on reproduction of the predator Hemerobius pacificus Banks was studied in the laboratory. Short photoperiods (8–12 h) and a relatively low temperature (18.3°C) were found to be favorable for mating, fecundity, fertility and longevity. A life table is presented for these conditions. The adults lived a mean of 72 days (maximum 147 days). They deposited a mean of 715 eggs/♀ (maximum 2554 eggs); fertility was 92.0% until a week before death. The mean generation time was 6.1 weeks. Reproduction occurred at temperatures as low as 4.4°C. Mating and fecundity decreased at a constant temperature of 23.9°C, even under a short photoperiod. Estival diapause, which would protect this predator from hot summer climates could not be induced. It is concluded that H. pacificus is adapted to areas of California which have mild winter climates.
Motion of a gyrostat with a discrete damper

The attitude motion of a gyrostat with a single spring-mass-dashpot damper is considered. Stability of the nominal spin is examined analytically. Numerical continuation is used to generate bifurcation diagrams of the equilibria while varying damper location, spring stiffness, and rotor absolute angular momentum. For zero rotor momentum, the bifurcations are identical to those for a rigid body with damper. Using rotor momentum as the bifurcation parameter leads to new bifurcation diagrams which more completely describe the general equilibria. For varying rotor momentum the rigid body bifurcations unfold and lose certain symmetries.
An Overset Adaptive Cartesian/Prism Grid Method for Moving Boundary Flow Problems

The use of overset grids in CFD started more than two decades ago, and has achieved tremendous success in handling complex geometries. In particular, overset grids have the advantage of avoiding grid remeshing when dealing with moving boundary flow problems. Traditionally overset grids were mainly used with structured grids to simplify the grid generation process, because a complex computational domain can be more easily meshed after it is partitioned into sub-domains with overset interfaces than with patched interfaces. More recently, unstructured grids are also used in the overset grid system to further simplify grid generation for each sub-domain. In this paper, two particular unstructured grids are advocated for moving boundary flow simulation, i.e., the use of overset adaptive Cartesian/prism grids. Semi-structured prism grids are generated around solid walls. These prism grids then overlap a single adaptive Cartesian background grid. With the adaptive Cartesian grid, the mesh resolution of the prism grid near the outer boundary can easily match that of the oversetting Cartesian grid cells. In addition, the tree-based data structure of the Cartesian grid can be used efficiently in hole-cutting and donor cell identification. The overset adaptive Cartesian/prism grid method is tested for both steady and unsteady flow computation. It is demonstrated that moving boundary flow computations can be automated with minimum user interferences.
Occupational Functionality: A Concept Analysis

Occupational health nursing has evolved since the late 19th century and, with the inclusion of advanced practice nursing, has become essential to the health and safety of workers. A key component of the knowledge required of advanced practice occupational health nurses is an understanding of what it means for workers to be fit for duty The definition or concept of being fit for duty varies depending on the point-of-view of the health care provider. Health care providers across all professions must have a consistent understanding of what it means to be fit for duty Literature shows that professions and specialties that often collaborate have varying ideas about what it means to be fit for duty These differences highlight the need for a consistent concept that can be used across professions, is holistic, and incorporates other concepts critical to all points of view. To better understand fit for duty, a concept analysis, using the Walker and Avant framework, focused on the concept of occupational functionality (OF). Occupational functionality is best defined as the qualities of being suited to serve an occupational purpose efficiently and effectively within the physical, occupational, environmental, and psychological demands of a unique work setting. This concept analysis offers an initial step in understanding fit for duty and gives health care providers a concept that can be used across disciplines.
A Theory of Graphs

A graph is just a bunch of points with lines between some of them, like a map of cities linked by roads. A rather simple notion. Nevertheless, the theory of graphs has broad and important applications, because so many things can be modeled by graphs. For example, planar graphs — graphs in which none of the lines cross are— important in designing computer chips and other electronic circuits. Also, various puzzles and games are solved easily if a little graph theory is applied.
Does gastric bypass surgery change body weight set point

The relatively stable body weight during adulthood is attributed to a homeostatic regulatory mechanism residing in the brain which uses feedback from the body to control energy intake and expenditure. This mechanism guarantees that if perturbed up or down by design, body weight will return to pre-perturbation levels, defined as the defended level or set point. The fact that weight re-gain is common after dieting suggests that obese subjects defend a higher level of body weight. Thus, the set point for body weight is flexible and likely determined by the complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Unlike dieting, bariatric surgery does a much better job in producing sustained suppression of food intake and body weight, and an intensive search for the underlying mechanisms has started. Although one explanation for this lasting effect of particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is simple physical restriction due to the invasive surgery, a more exciting explanation is that the surgery physiologically reprograms the body weight defense mechanism. In this non-systematic review, we present behavioral evidence from our own and other studies that defended body weight is lowered after RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy. After these surgeries, rodents return to their preferred lower body weight if over- or underfed for a period of time, and the ability to drastically increase food intake during the anabolic phase strongly argues against the physical restriction hypothesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Although the mechanism involves central leptin and melanocortin signaling pathways, other peripheral signals such as gut hormones and their neural effector pathways likely contribute. Future research using both targeted and non-targeted ‘omics’ techniques in both humans and rodents as well as modern, genetically targeted, neuronal manipulation techniques in rodents will be necessary.
Excitation Function for Fe 56 ( n , p ) Mn 56

The relative cross section for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}(n, p){\mathrm{Mn}}^{56}$ has been measured by an activation method for neutron energies of 3.4 to 8.2 and 12.4 to 17.9 Mev, and normalized to the previously known value of 110\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 mb at 14.3 Mev. The cross section rises above the minimum detectable value of 0.2 mb at about 4.5 Mev, reaches a maximum of 116 mb at 13.5 Mev, and decreases to 62 mb at 17.9 Mev. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of statistical theory; the fit, although good in the vicinity of maximum yield, is poor at lower energies, the predicted yield being considerably too small. Cross sections for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{54}(n, 2n){\mathrm{Fe}}^{53}$ were also roughly determined at 16.9 and 17.9 Mev.
Cervical Cancer Screening and Incidence by Age: Unmet Needs Near and After the Stopping Age for Screening

Introduction Leading professional organizations recommend cervical cancer screening for average-risk women aged 21–65 years. For average-risk women aged >65 years, routine screening may be discontinued if “adequate” screening with negative results is documented. Screening is recommended after age 65 years for women who do not meet adequate prior screening criteria or are at special risk. Methods Authors examined the most recent cervical cancer incidence data from two federal cancer surveillance programs for all women by age and race, corrected for hysterectomy status. The 2013 and 2015 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed in 2016 to examine the proportion of women aged 41–70 years without a hysterectomy who reported that they never had a Pap test or that their most recent Pap test was >5 years ago (not recently screened). Results The incidence rate for cervical cancer among older women, corrected for hysterectomy status, did not decline until age ≥85 years. The proportion not recently screened increased with age, from 12.1% for women aged 41–45 years to 18.4% for women aged 61–65 years. Conclusions Even among women within the recommended age range for routine screening, many are not up to date, and a substantial number of women approach the “stopping” age for cervical cancer screening without an adequate prior screening history. Efforts are needed to reach women who have not been adequately screened, including women aged >65 years, to prevent invasive cervical cancer cases and deaths among older women.
ANISOTROPIC NMO CORRECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ATTENUATE NOISES IN VSP DATA

A method for performing a formation-related operation based on corrected vertical seismic profile (VSP) data of an earth formation includes performing a VSP survey and applying a normal moveout (NMO) correction equation to the survey data that is a function of source offset to wellhead. The method also includes solving the NMO correction equation using a simulated annealing algorithm having an object function that is a coherence coefficient of semblance analysis of an NMO corrected reflection event within a time window to provide NMO corrected data. The method further includes performing the formation-related operation at at least one of a location, a depth and a depth interval based on the VSP NMO corrected data.
Property, Sovereignty, and the Public Trust

Generally, in liberal democratic systems, it is assumed that government should forbear from interference with existing individual property entitlements. It is assumed that existing individual property entitlements should be respected, with government reluctant to interfere. Despite the ubiquity of this assumption, the theoretical underpinning for it is not obvious. A sovereign must respond to the needs of all of the members of the greater community for which it speaks. In view of this obligation, irrevocably assigning property rights to some, and not to others, is an inherently troublesome proposition. In this Article, the reasons for this state of affairs are examined. The conclusion is reached that conventional theories advanced by courts and commentators for government forbearance — such as protecting individual reliance interests, or advancing other independent policies — fail to explain the forbearance phenomenon. A more convincing reason can be found in a public fiduciary theory of government. However, recognition of this reveals that the property/sovereignty relationship is far more complex than a simple forbearance model would dictate. In fact, it mandates — in some circumstances — government nonforbearance, as well.
Longitudinal Course and Correlates of Parents' Differential Treatment of Siblings in Mexican‐Origin Families

Parents’ differential treatment (PDT) is a common family dynamic that has been linked to youth development and well-being, including adjustment problems and poor sibling relationships. Much less is known, however, about the developmental course of PDT and the conditions under which parents treat their children differently in adolescence and young adulthood. This study examined longitudinal changes in mothers’ and fathers’ differential warmth and conflict with their two offspring from early adolescence through young adulthood, and examined parents’ experiences of individual stress (depressive symptoms and role overload) and marital difficulties as time-varying correlates of (changes in) parents’ differential treatment. We also tested crossover effects to determine whether mothers’ experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties were linked to fathers’ differential treatment, and vice versa. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings from 246 Mexican-origin families who were interviewed in their homes on three occasions over eight years. Multilevel models revealed that mothers’ and fathers’ differential conflict with their two children increased until middle adolescence and then declined into young adulthood, but there were no changes over time for parents’ differential warmth. In general, both mothers’ and fathers’ levels of differential treatment were exacerbated by their own experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties and also by the experiences of their spouses. However, in some cases, greater stress than usual was linked to less differential treatment than usual.
Derechos de agua, hidroenergía y la gestión ecológica de aguas: el caso del oeste norteamerciano

En esta ponencia quiero resenar algunos elementos basicos de un nuevo proyecto de investigacion, el que se ha emprendido en los ultimos meses en el instituto de estudios Resources For the Future (“Recursos Para el Futuro”) en Washington, D.C., la capital nacional de EE.UU. Este instituto es imparcial y objetivo, no tiene ni fines de lucro ni posicion politica, y esta por cumplir 50 anos. Actualmente tiene una planta de casi 50 investigadores, en su gran mayoria economistas. La nueva investigacion es interdisciplinaria y comparada, e incluye varios componentes: se estudian los mismos temas tanto en el Oeste norteamericano como en el Cono Sur de Sudamerica. Las dos areas se estudian en forma paralela y a ritmos diferentes. Aqui, en esta ocasion, voy a presentar brevemente el marco general del estudio, y luego pasare a comentar unos cuantos aspectos del caso norteamericano.
Soft gel chromatography column analysis and design for the production of high molecular weight blood factors: model molecule Protein C.

The purpose of this investigation is to examine how the mechanical characteristics of chromatographic resins influence the biomechanical design of chromatography columns. It is crucial for preparative chromatography that column scale-up takes into consideration the collapse potential of the gels because of the cost and inconvenience of such an episode. It is desirable to minimize process cycle-time considering resin mechanical properties to achieve economical preparative scale production of a desired protein. It is also true that a resin can have desirable mechanical characteristics but the surface chemistry for adsorption of the desired product might be inappropriate for the separation and purification of a specific product. Therefore, it is important to consider both the biomechanical and the biochemical characteristics of the resin systems to attain optimal process design and performance for reduced production cost.
Predicting Soil Erodibility Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

AbstractScour is responsible for approximately 60% of all bridge collapses in the United States. A large number of bridges are listed in the National Bridge Inventory as scour critical; however, ev...
Rites of Passage: Cultural Paths for HIV/AIDS Prevention in African American Girls

Despite the development of new technologies and treatments for disease, well-documented health disparities are still occurring among various populations in the USA. Of great concern is the fact that African American women are contracting HIV at about 23 times that of White American women. These statistics suggest the need for interventions targeted toward African American girls who are at risk for becoming the newly infected. Rites of passage programs developed by African American communities within the context of the community, particularly churches, have potential to reduce the numbers of HIV/AIDS cases. Public health nurses along with other professionals are in a position to collaborate with communities to deliver these programs. This chapter discusses rites of passage as important HIV/AIDS prevention strategies for African American girls. A pilot project, “My Sister, Myself,” will be described. The role that the African American church can play in developing, implementing, and sustaining such programs is discussed.
Tuning HipGISAXS on Multi and Many Core Supercomputers

With the continual development of multi and many-core architectures, there is a constant need for architecture-specific tuning of application-codes in order to realize high computational performance and energy efficiency, closer to the theoretical peaks of these architectures. In this paper, we present optimization and tuning of HipGISAXS, a parallel X-ray scattering simulation code [9], on various massively-parallel state-of-the-art supercomputers based on multi and many-core processors. In particular, we target clusters of general-purpose multi-cores such as Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Magny Cours, and many-core accelerators like Nvidia Kepler GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. We present both high-level algorithmic and low-level architecture-aware optimization and tuning methodologies on these platforms. We cover a detailed performance study of our codes on single and multiple nodes of several current top-ranking supercomputers. Additionally, we implement autotuning of many of the algorithmic and optimization parameters for dynamic selection of their optimal values to ensure high-performance and high-efficiency.
The Behavioral Scientist as Integrator

Cyril Franks makes a cogent and powerful argument for avoiding a too early marriage between two immature partners whose philosophies, understanding, and emotional attitudes toward facts and phantasies are at great variance. Perhaps they should wait until each has matured and learned more about life and each other, especially in the areas of the organization of the brain as well as the mind. This will permit each of them the freedom to be expansive, curious, and inventive before succumbing to a joint enterprise that requires compromise in order to be collaborative.
Machine learning as a new paradigm for characterizing localization and lateralization of neuropsychological test data in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract In this study, we employed a kernel support vector machine to predict epilepsy localization and lateralization for patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy (n = 228). We assessed the accuracy to which indices of verbal memory, visual memory, verbal fluency, and naming would localize and lateralize seizure focus in comparison to standard electroencephalogram (EEG). Classification accuracy was defined as models that produced the least cross-validated error (CVϵ). In addition, we assessed whether the inclusion of norm-based standard scores, demographics, and emotional functioning data would reduce CVϵ. Finally, we obtained class probabilities (i.e., the probability of a particular classification for each case) and produced receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the primary analyses. We obtained the least error assessing localization data with the Gaussian radial basis kernel function (RBF; support vectors = 157, CVϵ = 0.22). There was no overlap between the localization and lateralization models, such that the poorest localization model (the hyperbolic tangent kernel function; support vectors = 91, CVϵ = 0.36) outperformed the strongest lateralization model (RBF; support vectors = 201, CVϵ = 0.39). Contrary to our hypothesis, the addition of norm, demographics, and emotional functioning data did not improve the accuracy of the models. Receiver operating characteristic curves suggested clinical utility in classifying epilepsy lateralization and localization using neuropsychological indicators, albeit with better discrimination for localizing determinations. This study adds to the existing literature by employing an analytic technique with inherent advantages in generalizability when compared to traditional single-sample, not cross-validated models. In the future, class probabilities extracted from these and similar analyses could supplement neuropsychological practice by offering a quantitative guide to clinical judgements.
This Sacred Moment: Listening, Responsibility, and Making Room for Justice

When Ingrid Waldron asked me to create and share a summary of the excellent and juicy presentations and discussion at the symposium titled “Over the Line: A Conversation on Race, Place, and the Environment,” held in Halifax on October 27, 2017, I agreed right away. I’d planned to be at the symposium listening carefully and taking notes anyway. Little did I know that I had agreed to share my “hot take” verbally, in front of everyone, immediately after the final presentation! I’m much more comfortable sharing my thoughts on something after I have mulled it over for a day, a week, or—even better—a few months. The short series of small thoughts in this article are the closest I could come to synthesizing my impressions of the day, in that moment. The result is not comprehensive, but I hope it expresses the vulnerable and hopeful mood I was sensing, along with the appetite for deep resistance and change in the room at the end of a whole day of badass idea-sharing.
Feasibility of Video-based Sub-meter Localization on Resource-constrained Platforms

While the satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) is adequate for some outdoor applications, many other applications are held back by its multi-meter positioning errors and poor indoor coverage. In this paper, we study the feasibility of real-time video-based localization on resource-constrained platforms. Before commencing a localization task, a video-based localization system downloads an offline model of a restricted target environment, such as a set of city streets, or an indoor shopping mall. The system is then able to localize the user within the model, using only video as input. To enable such a system to run on resource-constrained embedded systems or smartphones, we (a) propose techniques for efficiently building a 3D model of a surveyed path, through frame selection and efficient feature matching, (b) substantially reduce model size by multiple compression techniques, without sacrificing localization accuracy, (c) propose efficient and concurrent techniques for feature extraction and matching to enable online localization, (d) propose a method with interleaved feature matching and optical flow based tracking to reduce the feature extraction and matching time in online localization. Based on an extensive set of both indoor and outdoor videos, manually annotated with location ground truth, we demonstrate that sub-meter accuracy, at real-time rates, is achievable on smart-phone type platforms, despite challenging video conditions.
Layer-to-Layer Stability of Linear Layerwise Spatially Varying Systems: Applications in Fused Deposition Modeling

Closed-loop control applications for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies introduce unique challenges in control-oriented modeling and controller development. There have been developments in current literature to model the temporal and spatial dynamics of AM processes. The temporal dynamics of AM processes are often modeled using tools from fluid dynamics and mechanics to represent the material deposition and the motion of the deposition system. Spatial dynamics are often modeled by representing the spreading dynamics of the deposited material in the layerwise spatial domain. An important challenge with the spatial dynamics of AM processes is to understand the performance of the layer-to-layer (L2L) spatial dynamics under spatial disturbances in the system. To this end, this article presents a linear layerwise spatially varying (LLSV) systems modeling framework to represent the L2L spatial height evolution of a generic AM process. The proposed unifying modeling framework can easily represent various AM processes. An L2L stability measure is provided as a performance measure for the spatial dynamic state of an AM process. L2L stability is a novel analysis tool to understand and analyze the spatial characteristics of AM processes. Fundamental L2L stability definitions for a nominal system model and a system model with known Gaussian spatial noise are presented. Theoretical robustness bounds for L2L stability are experimentally compared to a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The results show that the theoretical robustness bounds given in this work provide an important foundation for developing novel closed-loop L2L spatial control applications.
Design Alternatives for Performance Monitoring Counter based Malware Detection

Hardware-based malware detection is becoming increasingly important as software-based solutions can be easily compromised by attackers. Many of the existing hardware solutions are based on statistical learning blocks with processor behavioral information, which can be captured from the PMC (performance monitoring counters). The performance of the learning techniques relies primarily on the quality of data. However, due to the limited number of PMCs in a processor, only a few behavioral events can be monitored simultaneously. In this paper, we focus on multiple steps to investigate critical issues of PMC based malware detection: (i) statistical characterization of malware; (ii) distribution-based feature selection; (iii) trade-off analysis of complexity and accuracy; and (iv) design alternatives for PMC-based malware detection. Our experimental results show that the proposed detection scheme can provide highly accurate malware detection. As architectural implications, hardware acceleration as well as additional PMC registers are discussed for more accurate malware detection in real-time.
E-060 Endovascular treatment for intracranial giant cell arteritis with angioplasty, stenting, and intra-arterial calcium channel blockers

Background Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that causes ischemic stroke in 2-7% of patients, typically due to extracranial vessel inflammation. However, in rare instances, GCA can present with fulminant intracranial stenoses which are refractory to medical therapy. In these cases, endovascular treatment (EVT) is a possible rescue strategy to prevent life-threatening ischemic complications, but the safety and efficacy of EVT in this setting are not well-described. Methods A systematic literature review was performed according to PRISMA-IPD guidelines to identify case reports and series with individual patient-level data describing EVT for intracranial GCA. The clinical course, therapeutic considerations, and technique of seven endovascular treatments in a single patient from the authors’ experience are presented. Results Nine reports comprising 19 treatments (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA, with or without stenting) in 14 patients (mean age 69.6 ± 6.3 years, 63.4% women) were identified in the literature. 66.7% of patients had >1 pre-existing cardiovascular risk factor. All patients had infarction on MRI while on corticosteroids and 50% progressed despite adjuvant immunosuppressive agents. Treatment was PTA alone in 78.9% of cases and PTA + stenting in 21.1%. Repeat treatments were necessary for 28.6% of patients (100% PTA-only). Non-flow limiting dissection was reported in 10.5% of treatments. The technical details of a single patient with aggressive, FDG-PET avid intracranial GCA who was treated with multiple EVT are discussed. Adequate restoration of cerebral blood flow was achieved in 100% of interventions and complications included one non-flow limiting dissection (12.5%) and two small, delayed, reperfusion hemorrhages (25%). The authors also report the novel use of intra-arterial calcium-channel blocker infusion (verapamil) as an adjuvant to PTA and as monotherapy, which resulted in immediate improvement in cerebral blood flow (figure 1). Conclusions Endovascular treatment, including PTA (with or without stenting) and CCB infusion, may be effective in medically-refractory GCA with intracranial arterial stenosis but complication rates are considerable. The efficacy of CCB monotherapy implicates vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in the pathogenesis of intracranial GCA. Calcium-channel blocker infusion as monotherapy for intracranial giant cell arteritis. Pre-treatment angiography (lateral right internal carotid artery projection) shows severe focal supraclinoid ICA stenosis (curved white arrow, 1A). Post-verapamil infusion (20mg, 15 min delay) angiogram (1B) shows significant improvement in lumen diameter. Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (not shown) confirmed normalization of time-to-peak in the petrous ICA from 4.5s to 1.0s after verapamil infusion. Disclosures M. Caton: None. I. Mark: None. A. Baker: None. K. Narsinh: None. V. Halbach: None. S. Hetts: None. D. Cooke: None. R. Higashida: None. C. Dowd: None. W. Smith: None. M. Amans: None.
Atomic Layer Processes for Material Growth and Etching—A Review

Material growth and etching processes that cause the formation or removal of one atomic or molecular layer at a time are becoming commonplace. Starting from the research labs, such atomic layer process technologies have now migrated to the fab floor. This compact review examines the reasons behind the popularity of these techniques through both a tutorial approach and by citing relevant works that show the practical uses of both additive and subtractive atomic layer processes. Succinct introductions to both atomic layer deposition (ALD) and atomic layer etching (ALE) have been provided. Beyond that, this review examines, in particular, seed layer growth and plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD), as well as various applications of ALE for the removal of semiconductors, metals and dielectrics.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Large Contact-Tracing and Case Investigation Virtual Training Academy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Virtual Training Academy (VTA) was established to rapidly develop a contact-tracing workforce for California. Through June 2021, more than 10 000 trainees enrolled...
Antisocial Behavior in Schools

Acts of aggression, property vandalism and destruction, and harassment and intimidation by children and youth are increasing in intensity, prevalence, and incidence. In response, more communities are establishing zero-tolerance policies, building more segregated facilities, and increasing security in schools, businesses, and neighborhoods. Unfortunately, these “get-tough” responses have not curtailed the growth of antisocial behavior in our schools and communities. In fact, the pressures and social effects resulting from these behavioral manifestations and failed interventions are threatening to overwhelm the process of schooling for all of our students (Walker, Colvin, & Ramsey, 1995). For staff and students alike, school safety has risen to a level of great importance and excruciating national concern. Making schools safe and violence-free is currently one of the most pressing issues before the U.S. Congress. The focus of this chapter is on antisocial behavior in the context of schooling. The nature and characteristics of antisocial behavior, a schoolwide systems response, and behavior support planning for individual students are discussed.
Fatigue of SMAs

With growing applications of SMA components in different engineering applications, the issue of material performance over its designed life is of great concern to researchers lately. Fatigue studies in SMAs is still an unsolved puzzle and we wish to highlight some important items that affect the designers and some open questions in SMA fatigue areas.
Stimulus Encoding Processes in Human Learning and Memory

Publisher Summary This chapter examines a particular class of problems, which can be subsumed under stimulus coding. It evaluates the role of verbal processes in the encoding of visual pattern and verbal stimuli in the context of recognition, recall, and transfer experiments. A diverse number of task situations is examined, all of which focus on how human subjects process stimulus information in learning tasks, thus providing a range of situations in which to evaluate several interpretations of stimulus encoding. In the investigation of stimulus encoding processes, the objective or nominal stimuli defined by an investigator must be clearly distinguished from the coded or functional stimuli to which a subject responds. The codes are often verbal, but they may involve other representations such as mental images. Conceivably, subjects may use alternative codes for the same nominal stimuli on different occasions. Studies of verbal pretraining reveal that practice in associating common responses to stimuli of a given class produce a less distinctive encoding of these stimuli, as reflected in their poorer recognition compared with control conditions. Studies of verbal pretraining using stimulus recognition tests yield results which do not mirror the findings obtained with transfer tests employing the A-B, A-D paradigm.
"Création Littéraire et Archives de la Mémoire / Literary Creation and the Archives of Memory," Journal des Africanistes

Reviewed Medium: book Editors: Edited by International Society for the Oral Literatures of Africa. Year: 2010. Details: tome 80, fascicule 1-2
Thermofield dynamics and Gravity

Thermofield dynamics is presented in terms of a path-integral using coherent states, equivalently, using a coadjoint orbit action. A field theoretic formulation in terms of fields on a manifold ${\mathcal M} \times {\tilde{\mathcal M}}$ where the two components have opposite orientation is also presented. We propose formulating gravitational dynamics for noncommutative geometry using thermofield dynamics, doubling the Hilbert space modeling the noncommutative space. We consider 2+1 dimensions in some detail and since ${\mathcal M}$ and ${\tilde{\mathcal M}}$ have opposite orientation, the commutative limit leads to the Einstein-Hilbert action as the difference of two Chern-Simons actions.