cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reply to comments by L. Levi and F. Prodi: Another look at the dependence of ice accretion density on non‐dimensional parameters

In response to the comments of Levi and Prodi I have made a comparison between their rime density data and a similar subset of my data. The choice of air temperature rather than accretion temperature to characterize droplet freezing is further explained, and the convective-heat-flux π-product is modified by using the droplet diameter rather than the cylinder diameter as the length scale. A limitation to the regression analysis associated with the form of the function relating ice density to non-dimensional parameters associated with ice accretion is discussed.
Preparing, storing, and distributing multi-dimensional scientific data

Data of all sizes, generated by simulation and observation (i.e., instruments and satellites) activities, should be collected, stored, and organized, along with associated tools and research results, so that they are easily discoverable and accessible. Most observational data capture conditions at an exact point in time and are thus not reproducible, therefore it is imperative that initial data be captured and stored correctly the first time. In this paper, we will discuss how NASA's Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC) is preparing, storing, and distributing large volumes of multi-dimensional scientific data using Daily Surface Weather Data and a corresponding Climatological Summaries Dataset (Daymet) as an example.
Heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations for bovine postrigor calpastatin activity, intramuscular fat content, Warner-Bratzler shear force, retail product yield, and growth rate

To estimate the heritability (h2) of postrigor calpastatin activity (CA), 555 steers were reared and processed conventionally. Breed-types included purebreds (Angus [A], Braunvieh [B], Charolais [C], Gelbvieh [G], Hereford [H], Limousin [L], Pinzgauer [P], Red Poll [RP], and Simmental [S]), composite populations (MARC I [1/4 C, 1/4 B, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A], MARC II [1/4 S, 1/4 G, 1/4 H, 1/4 A], and MARC III [1/4 RP, 1/4 H, 1/4 P, 1/4 A]), and F1 crosses (H, A, C, G, P, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, or Salers x H or A). Steers were serially slaughtered on an age-constant (across breed groups) basis. Heritability estimates for CA, i.m. fat content (IMF), Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force, retail product yield (RPY), and ADG were .65 +/- .19, .93 +/- .02, .53 +/- .15, .45 +/- .18, and .32 +/- .26, respectively. The genetic correlations (rg) of CA with WBS, RPY, and ADG were .50 +/- .22, .44 +/- .25, and -.52 +/- .37, respectively. The rg of IMF with WBS, RPY, and ADG were -.57 +/- .16, -.63 +/- .15, and -.04 +/- .11, respectively. These h2 and rg estimates indicate that it should be possible to select for improvements in CA, IMF, and WBS. However, selection against CA may be a more suitable approach for improving meat tenderness than selection for increased IMF because the level of genetic antagonism between CA and RPY was not as great as that between IMF and RPY.
Online Patient Ratings of Hand Surgeons.

Purpose To evaluate factors associated with positive online patient ratings and written comments regarding hand surgeons. Methods We randomly selected 250 hand surgeons from the American Society for Surgery of the Hand member directory. Surgeon demographic and rating data were collected from 3 physician review Web sites (www.HealthGrades.com, www.Vitals.com, and www.RateMDs.com). Written comments were categorized as being related to professional competence, communication, cost, overall recommendation, staff, and office practice. Online presence was defined by 5 criteria: professional Web site, Facebook page, Twitter page, and personal profiles on www.Healthgrades.com and/or www.Vitals.com. Results A total of 245 hand surgeons (98%) had at least one rating among the 3 Web sites. Mean number of ratings for each surgeon was 13.4, 8.3, and 1.9, respectively, and mean overall ratings were 4.0 out of 5, 3.3 out of 4, and 3.8 out of 5 stars on www.HealthGrades.com, www.Vitals.com, and www.RateMDs.com, respectively. Positive overall ratings were associated with a higher number of ratings, Castle Connolly status, and increased online presence. No consistent correlations were observed among online ratings and surgeon age, sex, years in practice, practice type (ie, private practice vs academics), and/or geographic region. Finally, positive written comments were more often related to factors dependent on perceived surgeon competence, whereas negative comments were related to factors independent of perceived competence. Conclusions Physician review Web sites featured prominently on Google, and 98% of hand surgeons were rated online. This study characterized hand surgeon online patient ratings as well as identified factors associated with positive ratings and comments. In addition, these findings highlight how patients assess care quality. Clinical relevance Understanding hand surgeon online ratings and identifying factors associated with positive ratings are important for both patients and surgeons because of the recent growth in physician-rating Web sites.
Helium in a Big Box

We present a summary of scaling results for thermal turbulence, visualization of the flow pattern, and scaling of the main coherent structure, the laminar plume.
Dynamics and stability of an axially moving plate interacting with surrounding airflow

The dynamics and stability of an axially moving plate interacting with surrounding axial airflow are investigated. The dynamic model of the axially moving plate is established based on the Kirchhoff–Love plate theory and the linear potential flow model. The natural frequencies of the plate under different moving velocities and airflow velocities are calculated by solving the generalized eigenvalue problems of the dynamic system, from which the stability of the plate is analyzed. The effects of the surrounding airflow and the length to width ratio of the plate on the critical divergence velocity and the flutter velocity are discussed. From the simulation, it can be seen that with the flow velocity increasing, the natural frequencies of the plate decrease and then couple, resulting in the plate losing stability of the divergence and flutter types. With the length to width ratio of the plate increasing, the critical divergence velocity and the flutter velocity of the plate decrease. The critical divergence velocity and flutter velocity of the plate in surrounding airflow are lower than those in vacuum, which indicates that it is necessary to consider the effects of the surrounding airflow when analyzing the stability of the axially moving plate.
Building Multi-model Collaboration in Detecting Multimedia Semantic Concepts

The booming multimedia technology is incurring a thriving multi-media data propagation. As multimedia data have become more essential, taking over a major potion of the content processed by many applications, it is important to leverage data mining methods to associate the low-level features extracted from multimedia data to high-level semantic concepts. In order to bridge the semantic gap, researchers have investigated the correlation among multiple modalities involved in multimedia data to effectively detect semantic concepts. It has been shown that multimodal fusion plays an important role in elevating the performance of both multimedia content-based retrieval and semantic concepts detection. In this paper, we propose a novel cluster-based ARC fusion method to thoroughly explore the correlation among multiple modalities and classification models. After combining features from multiple modalities, each classification model is built on one feature cluster, which is generated from our previous work FCC-MMF. The correlation between medoid of a feature cluster and a semantic concept is introduced to identify the capability of a classification model. It is further applied with the logistic regression method to refine ARC fusion method proposed in our previous work for semantic concept detection. Several experiments are conducted to compare the proposed method with other related works and the proposed method has outperform other works with higher Mean Average Precision (MAP). Keywords—Semantic concept detection, Multi-model Fusion, Feature Correlation
Applications of Conducting Polymers in Electronic Textiles

As the textile industry increasingly engages with technical applications, interest in electronic textiles is growing. This paper reviews the research and development (RD the formation of polaron, soliton, and bipolaron. With regards to applications, the review presents conducting polymer applications, including antistatic packaging, microelectronics, rechargeable batteries, photovoltaic technology, LEDs, electrochromic devices, actuators, membranes, corrosion protection and biomedical applications, as well as applications of electric and electronic textiles (e-textiles) which include sensors, heaters, electromagnetic interference shielding, etc. Future trends in electrochromic and solar textiles conclude this paper.
Comparison of a Beta-propiolactone Whole Embryo Newcastle Disease Vaccine (One Strain) with a Beta-propriolactone Amnio-allantoic Newcastle Disease Vaccine (Four Strain)

Abstract KELLY (1952) and Kelly and Hartman (1952) demonstrated that beta-propiolactone (BPL) had a low toxicity index. A simple and rapid procedure for the preparation of BPL inactivated viruses was developed by Lo Grippo and Hartman (1954, 1955). These preparations were more antigenic than viruses inactivated by formalin and phenol. Mack and Chotisen (1955) showed that chickens vaccinated with a BPL inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine were 100% resistant to challenge 16 days after vaccination. However, in this 1955 publication, no studies were carried out to determine which strains would produce the strongest immunity over the longest period of time. Since then, there has been much interest in developing BPL-inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines. Sullivan et al.1958 found that a single injection of BPL inactivated NDV vaccine (GB-Texas strain) in 2-week-old chicks afforded the best protection to challenge up to 12 weeks of age (10 weeks after vaccination.) When 2 …
Characterization of Choline Trimethylamine-Lyase Expands the Chemistry of Glycyl Radical Enzymes

The recently identified glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) homologue choline trimethylamine-lyase (CutC) participates in the anaerobic conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA), a widely distributed microbial metabolic transformation that occurs in the human gut and is linked to disease. The proposed biochemical function of CutC, C–N bond cleavage, represents new reactivity for the GRE family. Here we describe the in vitro characterization of CutC and its activating protein CutD. We have observed CutD-mediated formation of a glycyl radical on CutC using EPR spectroscopy and have demonstrated that activated CutC processes choline to trimethylamine and acetaldehyde. Surveys of potential alternate CutC substrates uncovered a strict specificity for choline. Homology modeling and mutagenesis experiments revealed essential CutC active site residues. Overall, this work establishes that CutC is a GRE of unique function and a molecular marker for anaerobic choline metabolism.
Fast indefinite multi-point (IMP) clustering

A new class of objective functions and an associated fast descent algorithm that generalizes the K-means algorithm is presented. The algorithm represents clusters as unions of Voronoi cells and an explicit, but efficient, combinatorial search phase enables the algorithm to escape many local minima with guaranteed descent. The objective function has explicit penalties for gaps between clusters. Numerical experiments are provided.
Underground Belt Conveyor Video Monitoring System Based on Industrial Etherent

Video monitoring system is a safety guarantee for underground work.It has been more and more popular in coal production.This paper presents a video monitoring solution based on optical communication.The video signal is collected by IP camera,which are connected with a bus network,a nd sent to ground though gigabit industrial switches.Then the video data is divided with VLAN and enabled the IGMP multicast protocol.The image extraction,storage,and display is carried out by industrial PC.The experiment showed that this system provides a simple and convenient implementation,high network expansibility and good compatibility,and the signal transmission is reliable and stable.
Factors IXa and Xa play distinct roles in tissue factor-dependent initiation of coagulation

Tissue factor is the major initiator of coagulation. Both factor IX and factor X are activated by the complex of factor VIIa and tissue factor (VIIa/TF). The goal of this study was to determine the specific roles of factors IXa and Xa in initiating coagulation. We used a model system of in vitro coagulation initiated by VIIa/TF and that included unactivated platelets and plasma concentrations of factors II, V, VIII, IX, and X, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and antithrombin III. In some cases, factor IX and/or factor X were activated by tissue factor-bearing monocytes, but in some experiments, picomolar concentrations of preactivated factor IX or factor X were used to initiate the reactions. Timed samples were assayed for both platelet activation and thrombin activity. Factor Xa was 10 times more potent than factor IXa in initiating platelet activation, but factor IXa was much more effective in promoting thrombin generation than was factor Xa. In the presence of VIIa/TF, factor X was required for both platelet activation and thrombin generation, while factor IX was only required for thrombin generation. We conclude that VIIa/TF-activated factors IXa and Xa have distinct physiologic roles. The main role of factor Xa that is initially activated by VIIa/TF is to activate platelets by generating an initial, small amount of thrombin in the vicinity of platelets. Factor IXa, on the other hand, enhances thrombin generation by providing factor Xa on the platelet surface, leading to prothrombinase formation. Only tiny amounts of factors IX and X need to be activated by VIIa/TF to perform these distinct functions. Our experiments show that initiation of coagulation is highly dependent on activation of small amounts of factors IXa and Xa in proximity to platelet surfaces and that these factors play distinct roles in subsequent events, leading to an explosion of thrombin generation. Furthermore, the specific roles of factors IXa and Xa generated by VIIa/TF are not necessarily reflected by the kinetics of factor IXa and Xa generation.
Irrigation and Debridement with Component Retention

A periprosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty. While patients with a chronic infection are treated with one-stage or two-stage revision, some patients with an acute infection may be treated with irrigation and debridement with component retention. The purpose of this chapter is describe the indications, contraindications, surgical technique and published results on irrigation and debridement with polyethylene liner exchange and component retention.
Disseminating drug prescribing information: the cox-2 inhibitors withdrawals.

This case study examined the recent withdrawal of valdecoxib to determine the timeliness of updates in commonly used information sources used by healthcare professionals. The method included assembling a purposive sample of 15 drug reference and warning systems that were then systematically monitored for several months after the withdrawal of valdecoxib to determine the time to update this information. These information sources were classified and described qualitatively. A time to diffusion curve was plotted and the average number of days to report the drug withdrawal or update reference databases was calculated. Only 2 of 15 information systems reported the drug withdrawal on the actual date of the FDA announcement. Institutional electronic textbooks took an average of 109.8 days (±14 days) to report the withdrawal. In addition, one pharma-sponsored dissemination source (Peerview Press) had not updated their information as of this publication.
Pancreatectomy for neoplasm: National outcomes in mortality

4035 Background: Pancreatic resection remains the only potentially curative intervention for pancreatic cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate factors affecting outcomes after pancreatectom...
Impact of Intra-Flow Interference on the Performance of 2-D Multi-Hop Cooperative Network

A mathematical model is proposed to study the effects of intra-flow interference caused due to multi-packet propagation in a 2-D cooperative opportunistic large array network. Specifically, the outage probability of node is derived in the presence of interfering signals using the ratio distribution of generalized integer gamma random variables. The outage probability expression is used along with a Markov chain-based transmission model to quantify the state distribution probabilities, coverage of the network, and network throughput. The results show that the network performance is highly dependent on intra-flow interference especially at high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the coverage of network can be improved by increasing SNR, array gain, and packet insertion rate.
Data curation profiling of biocollections

In the contexts of the data deluge and open data, scientists studying biodiversity benefit from online access to global datasets of existing vouchered biological and paleontological collections. Using biocollections collected over time across the world allows for the advancement of scientific knowledge concerning evolution in process as well as species poleward migrations, an indicator of climate change. This study's purpose was to validate and expand the Data Curation Profiles (DCP) to digital biocollections and inform a DCP framework for worldwide biota. Ten biocollection producers, curating various types of specimens affiliated with the project building the United States' national biodiversity infrastructure, were interviewed using the DCP questionnaire. Results indicate there is extreme diversity in the curation of biocollections and additional DCP questions should be added to reflect the complicated approaches to biological data curation. Although discipline specific metadata creation tools, standards, and practices enable long-term sustainability of the U.S. digitization effort, some scientists would benefit from further clarification and guidance on the information needs of consumers beyond designated communities of expert users, and the long-term preservation of biocollections.
Application of ion-senstitive field effect transistors for measuring glial cell K+ transport

We report the fabrication and utilization of graphene-based, ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) for measuring K+ efflux from immortalized and primary brain glial cells. There is currently an urgent need for developing new technologies for measuring cell membrane ion transport from primary cell cultures. K+-sensitive ISFETs were fabricated by coating the graphene surface with a polymer membrane containing the K+ ionophore valinomycin. Drain current versus gate voltage measurements demonstrated that the ISFETs display sensitivity to K+, but not to Na+ and Ca2+. To determine the feasibility of using ISFETs for recording cell membrane ion transport, ISFET sensors were inserted into recording chambers containing either primary rat glial cells or human U251-MG glioma cells. Activation of K+ channels in the glial cells resulted in a strong, time-dependent increase in the extracellular K+ concentration as measured with the ISFETs. Due to the noninvasive properties of the probes, the ISFETs will be useful for future multi-array, cell-based screening and toxicological studies of primary cell cultures.
Pilot Register File: Energy Efficient Partitioned Register File for GPUs

GPU adoption for general purpose computing hasbeen accelerating. To support a large number of concurrentlyactive threads, GPUs are provisioned with a very large registerfile (RF). The RF power consumption is a critical concern. Oneoption to reduce the power consumption dramatically is touse near-threshold voltage(NTV) to operate the RF. However, operating MOSFET devices at NTV is fraught with stabilityand reliability concerns. The adoption of FinFET devices inchip industry is providing a promising path to operate theRF at NTV while satisfactorily tackling the stability andreliability concerns. However, the fundamental problem of NTVoperation, namely slow access latency, remains. To tackle thischallenge in this paper we propose to build a partitioned RFusing FinFET technology. The partitioned RF design exploitsour observation that applications exhibit strong preference toutilize a small subset of their registers. One way to exploitthis behavior is to cache the RF content as has been proposedin recent works. However, caching leads to unnecessary areaoverheads since a fraction of the RF must be replicated. Furthermore, we show that caching is not efficient as weincrease the number of issued instructions per cycle, which isthe expected trend in GPU designs. The proposed partitionedRF splits the registers into two partitions: the highly accessedregisters are stored in a small RF that switches betweenhigh and low power modes. We use the FinFET's back gatecontrol to provide low overhead switching between the twopower modes. The remaining registers are stored in a largeRF partition that always operates at NTV. The assignment ofthe registers to the two partitions will be based on statisticscollected by the a hybrid profiling technique that combines thecompiler based profiling and the pilot warp profiling techniqueproposed in this paper. The partitioned FinFET RF is able tosave 39% and 54% of the RF leakage and the dynamic energy, respectively, and suffers less than 2% performance overhead.
The Ecological Balance of Nature and the Evolution of Baffin Bay, Texas

The mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sediments of Baffin Bay, Texas, provide a record of the evolution of the Bay for the last 10 ka. Flooding surfaces at 8 ka and 5.5 ka provided an a priori separation of sediments in a core into three groups. Discriminant analysis and interpretation of species composition of the foraminifera from these groups indicated a progression from deltaic to open-bay to hypersaline environments. This traditional paleoecological analysis, however, does not utilize the information available in the relative abundance distribution (RAD) within each community. An approach capable of assessing within community change is provided by S (species richness), H (Shannon information function) and E (evenness) analysis. Using this approach not only can communities be designated without a priori assumptions and environments identified easily, but also the RAD within each community can be evaluated, providing a record of community growth, decline or stasis with time. Stasis, or the ecological balance of nature, is mathematically defined as an equilibrium between S and E such that diversity (H) remains constant with time. This stasis requires that, as the number of individuals (N) gets larger with time, the value of H remains constant. Thus, at stasis a regression between H versus lnN will have a 0 value for the regression coefficient (β 1H ), here termed the Relative Abundance Distribution Index, RADI. A positive value of RADI indicates community growth, a negative value indicates community decline. In the Baffin Bay core 6, communities were identified from 46 samples using SHE analysis. At ~9 ka the RADI was positive, indicating the growth of a normal marine community with a high S. A second community, still largely normal marine but with a slightly negative RADI, formed at ~8 ka. Beginning at ~6.4 ka, the 3 rd and 4 th marginal marine communities with highly negative RADIs formed, indicating a sharp decline for ~1 ka during the formation of Padre Island, which may have taken ~1000 years. At ~5 ka the 5 th and 6 th marginal marine communities were established with RADIs indicating a prolonged period of stasis. The 5 th community was dominated by Elphidium with a high percentage of miliolids. The 6 th community, established at ~2 ka, was dominated by Ammonia and a moderate percentage of miliolids. These last two communities, both at stasis, were apparently responding to changes in salinity brought on by changes in rainfall.
Management of Anoxic Brain Injury

This chapter aims to provide clinicians with an evidence based approach to the principles of management of patients who have suffered anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest. The diagnosis of anoxic brain injury is discussed, followed by an in depth review of the history and evolution of therapeutic hypothermia and its evolution into targeted temperature management including subsequent maintenance of normothermia. This chapter also provides evidence based recommendations on supportive care and comprehensive multi-system management of patients with anoxic brain injury as well as in-depth review of the current state of the evidence in neurologic prognostication.
Efficacy Of Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy for Barrett's Esophagus After Endoscopic Resection of Intramucosal Cancer: A Multicenter Study

Background and aim Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy (LNC) allows increased depth of ablation compared with radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Expert centers may use LNC over radiofrequency ablation to ablate Barrett's esophagus after endoscopic resection of intramucosal cancer (IMCA). The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the safety and efficacy of LNC ablation in patients with BE and IMCA and (2) to evaluate the progression to invasive disease despite therapy. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study of consecutive patients with BE who received LNC following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of IMCA. The outcomes evaluated were complete eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and development of invasive cancer during follow up. The follow-up period was at least 1 year from initial LNC. Results Twenty-seven patients were identified. The median Prague score was C3M5 (range C0M1-C14M14). After EMR+LNC, the median Prague score was C0M1 (range C0M0-C9M10); 22/27 patients (82%) achieved complete eradication of dysplasia after cryotherapy, and 19/27 patients (70%) achieved complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia. One out of 27 patients (4%) developed invasive cancer (disease beyond IMCA) over the study period. Conclusion Cryotherapy is an effective endoscopic tool for eradication of BE dysplasia after EMR for IMCA. Development of invasive cancer is low for this high-risk group.
Mehmed II and His Woman: The Idea of Europe in Early Modern Representations of a Female Captive

The Irene narrative, also referred to as the “story of the Sultan and the Fair Greek,” does not belong to any individual linguistic group or national tradition but is instead more European in the sense that it was translated, adapted, and appropriated in a variety of contexts throughout the continent. As author after author in the early modern period represents the European/Oriental encounter as a relationship between a Turkish Sultan and a Greek woman, what emerges is a Europe that is increasingly fragmented, dynamic, and evolving—changing as much as Irene herself does through time and space. What begins as a brief tale intended to demonstrate the cruelty of Mehmed II to a woman in his seraglio becomes the story of a Greek woman on the eastern fringes of European identity, used by writers to establish a contrast between what is and is not proper European behavior in confrontations with the Other. To be more specific, the figure of Irene that Matteo Bandello creates as a symbolic warning against trusting the Eastern Other, and as a means of encouraging Europeans to unite against a common foe, becomes in England a character who represents an increasingly fragmented, faithless Europe forced to negotiate with the Other at its own peril.
Does Equity-based Compensation Cause Firms to Manage Earnings Per Share?

Equity-based compensation causes increases in firms' share count and dilutes Earnings Per Share (EPS), which provides firms with an incentive to raise EPS using either share buybacks or earnings management. We employ a regression discontinuity framework to provide evidence of a causal link between equity-based pay and EPS management. Our tests compare firms experiencing dilution from ``just-in-the-money'' option exercises with firms whose options end up narrowly out-of-the-money. We find that firms engage in real- and accruals-based earnings management, but not buybacks, to boost EPS around these plausibly exogenous dilutive events. These effects are stronger when executives' bonuses depend directly on EPS.
Extreme precipitation and phosphorus loads from two agricultural watersheds

Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land is a major cause of eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs. Frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are increasing in agricultural regions of the Upper Midwestern U.S., and these increases are projected to continue as climate warms. We quantified the linkage between extreme daily precipitation and extreme daily discharge, phosphorus (P) load, and P concentration for Pheasant Branch and the Yahara River, two tributaries of Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, U.S.A. using the generalized Pareto distribution. Although precipitation extremes have increased since 1940, over the shorter period of stream monitoring (1994–2015 for Pheasant Branch and 1991–2015 for Yahara) there is no significant trend in extreme precipitation. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of extreme precipitation events (for example seven of the 11 largest 24-h events since 1901) occurred during the period of stream monitoring. Daily precipitation extremes were associated with extremes in daily discharge and P load. P load return levels increased steeply and almost linearly with precipitation on log-log axes. The trend toward more frequent and intense precipitation extremes will increase P loading and intensify the eutrophication of the lake, unless the excessive P enrichment of the watershed is reversed.
Examining SAEBRS Technical Adequacy and the Moderating Influence of Criterion Type on Cut Score Performance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener–Teacher Rating Scale (SAE...
Evidence for Mononuclear Phagocytes in Solid Neoplasms and Appraisal of Their Nonspecific Cytotoxic Capabilities

After years of being viewed as little more than scavengers, mononuclear phagocytes are now more properly regarded as cells with a multiplicity of functions. One of these, tumor cell killing, recently has attracted particular interest. Both antigenically specific and nonspecific effects have been reported (for reviews, see Evans and Alexander, 1976; Hibbs, 1976; and Keller, 1976). Of the two, nonspecific killing has been the most extensively studied, with a number of candidates for the cytolytic mechanism(s) now under consideration (Hibbs, 1974a; Bucana, et al.,1976; Ferluga, et al., 1978; Schorlemmer, et al., 1978; Currie, 1978; Adams, 1978). The process is nonphagocytic in its nature, either contact or extremely close juxtaposition of the target and effector cells is required, and only tumor cells appear to be susceptible to killing.
The American Association of Clinical Psychologists, 1917–1919

On December 28, 1917, a group of eight psychologists got together at the American Psychological Association meeting in Pittsburgh (on the campus of Carnegie Institute of Technology) and formed an independent organization, the American Association of Clinical Psychologists (AACP). They elected as their chair J. E. Wallace Wallin and as their secretary Leta S. Hollingworth. The others in the group were Francis N. Maxfield, James B. Miner, David Mitchell, Rudolf Pintner, Clara Schmitt, and Guy M. Whipple. The purposes of the organization (see Appendix A) were basically twofold: to increase the morale and espirit de corps of clinical psychologists by raising professional standards, and to encourage research in clinical psychology. It was the first aim, the professional one, that seemed to conflict with the purpose of the American Psychological Association (APA). (According to its bylaws, the APA officially had only one objective, to advance psychology as a science.) These eight founders tentatively chose 48 individuals as prospective members of this organization, 46 of whom subsequently confirmed that they wished to be members (see Table 2-1). All but one had PhD degrees. William Healy had an MD but not a PhD, and five people had both MD and PhD degrees (Bruner, Dearborn, Gesell, Haines, and Stevens).
Channel Impairments and Optical Communication Systems Engineering

In this chapter, we describe basic signal and noise parameters; major channel impairments including chromatic dispersion, multimode dispersion, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and fiber nonlinearities; and system design process. This chapter is based on [1–23]. This chapter is organized as follows. In Sect. 3.1, different noise sources are identified and explained. Section 3.2 is devoted to different channel impairments. Section 3.3 deals with different figures of merit to describe system performance and basic guidelines for system design.
Variability of Currents and Water Properties from Year-Long Observations in a Fjord Estuary

Abstract Observations were made of velocity, temperature, and conductivity from a vertical array of sensors at a location in Puget Sound for 1 year commencing in September 1975. Winds were measured nearby on land, and water properties were measured along the Sound at 2- to 3-month intervals. Most dense bottom water entered the Sound below sill depth at about fortnightly intervals during early fall near the end of the coastal upwelling season. The fortnightly events were associated with large tides over the entrance sill. Density decreased about linearly until early winter when cold water entered the Sound first at the bottom in a series of step decreases, also at about fortnightly intervals. The largest was 1.6°C in 3-4 days. Density increased during each inflow interval lasting about 5 days, but the overall density continued to decrease until early February when the water column became isothermal but was still stratified. During late winter and early spring, density again increased through a series of fortnightly salinity intrusions, and the initial one was more than 0.5∘ in 5 days. Mean daily near-bottom speeds were up to about 20 cm/sec, implying a possible excursion exceeding the length of the Sound. Winds were observed to alter mean daily current profiles to more than half the water depth. These and other winter observations indicated deep-water renewal was much quicker than earlier estimates.
PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL CHANNELS MADE WITH DIFFERENT LASERS

There is growing acceptance of the use of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) to treat patients with angina that is refractory to conventional therapies [1– 3]. This acceptance is largely based upon the fact that ongoing clinical trials have consistently shown that TMLR provides a significant reduction in angina [1, 4–9]. Importantly, this rather dramatic effect on chest pain is not short-lived as might be expected with either a placebo effect or with the previously observed transient relief of angina seen after thoracotomy [10]. Furthermore, there is also evidence that over time, regional blood flow is improved in myocardium treated with TMLR [5,6,9]. Despite these encouraging clinical results, there is still significant controversy over the mechanisms of both the relief of angina and improved blood flow.
Building in the Shadow of Death: Monastery Construction and the Politics of Community Reconstitution in Sixteenth-Century Mexico

Around the year 1550, an indigenous tlacuilo (painter-scribe-historian) in Tepechpan, a small altepetl north of Mexico City, narrated the tumultuous events through which he had lived. In Figure 1, we see an excerpt of this tlacuilo's contribution to the town's annals, the Tira de Tepechpan, which depicts a sequence of events from 1545 to 1549. On the left, beneath the glyph for the year 1545, the tlacuilo paints a dangling corpse, its arms crossed and eyes shut, with blood spurting from the nose and mouth. Here the tlacuilo is telling us of the 1545 hueycocolixtli, the “great sickness” that killed at least a third of the population, according to conservative estimates. Among the victims was Tepechpan's ruler, the crowned figure wrapped in funeral cloth above the year glyph.
Single-Trial EEG Predicts Memory Retrieval Using Leave-One-Subject-Out Classification

In this study, we perform single-trial EEG classification in memory retrieval predictions using classifiers trained on a leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation basis. We also compare the performance to that of classification using leave-one-trial-out (LOTO) when trained on data for an individual subject. Unlike traditional single-trial EEG analysis performed within an individual subject, we show that it is possible to perform single-trial EEG classification using classifiers trained on different subjects leading the way to more general classifiers for brain-computer interface (BCI) applicable to first-time BCI users.
GP199 Cell ratios in traumatic cerebrospinal fluid. do they have predictive value for meningitis

Background and aims A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) red to white cell correction ratio of 500:1 is often quoted as a preliminary result for determining potential positive/negative CSF cultures. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic utility of correcting white blood cells (WBC) counts in CSF based on 500:1 ratio and to evaluate this adjustment in identifying bacterial meningitis prior to final culture in infants. Method We performed a cohort study on children younger than 3 months who admitted to Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, with suspected sepsis from the 1st October 2017 to the 05th October 2018. CSF WBC counts were adjusted downward for traumatic lumbar punctures (RBCs > 500/mm3) using white to red cells (500:1) ratio. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive productive value (PPV) and negative productive value (NPV) of unadjusted and adjusted WBC count in traumatic CSF for predicting bacterial meningitis. Result A total of 117 infants (age: 39.4±21.7 days, male: 85(72.6%), traumatic lumber puncture: 35(29.9%)) were enrolled in this study. Among 117 infants, 3 (2.6%) had positive CSF cultures for bacterial meningitis, 28 (23.9%) had viral meningitis. Compared with the unadjusted cerebrospinal fluid WBC count, the adjusted one had similar sensitivity, PPV and NPV for bacterial meningitis. NPV and PPV of adjusted CSF WBC count were 100% and 14.2%, respectively (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82%). While NPV and PPV of unadjusted one were 100% and 5.8%, respectively (sensitivity 100%, specificity 52%). Conclusion Adjusted WBC counts in CSF have no advantage over uncorrected counts for predicting bacterial meningitis. All available clinical and laboratory data should be used when deciding whether to institute treatment in an infant with suspected meningitis and bloody CSF.
Fast $\ell_{1}$ -Minimization Algorithms for Robust Face Recognition

l 1-minimization refers to finding the minimum l1-norm solution to an underdetermined linear system \mbib=A\mbix. Under certain conditions as described in compressive sensing theory, the minimum l1-norm solution is also the sparsest solution. In this paper, we study the speed and scalability of its algorithms. In particular, we focus on the numerical implementation of a sparsity-based classification framework in robust face recognition, where sparse representation is sought to recover human identities from high-dimensional facial images that may be corrupted by illumination, facial disguise, and pose variation. Although the underlying numerical problem is a linear program, traditional algorithms are known to suffer poor scalability for large-scale applications. We investigate a new solution based on a classical convex optimization framework, known as augmented Lagrangian methods. We conduct extensive experiments to validate and compare its performance against several popular l1-minimization solvers, including interior-point method, Homotopy, FISTA, SESOP-PCD, approximate message passing, and TFOCS. To aid peer evaluation, the code for all the algorithms has been made publicly available.
State-Dependent Mapping of GlyR-Cholesterol Interactions by Coupling Crosslinking with Mass Spectrometry

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) allostery is dependent on dynamic associations with its diverse environment. The cellular membranes lipid composition influences channel function with cholesterol being a key regulator of channel activity. Human 1 glycine receptor (GlyR) was purified from baculovirus infected insect cells and reconstituted in unilamellar vesicles at physiological cholesterol:lipid ratios with aliquots of azi-cholesterol, a photoactivatable non-specific crosslinker. The receptor in vesicles was then enriched in either a resting, open, or desensitized state prior to photocrosslinking. Following photoactivation, crosslinked cholesterol-GlyR was trypsinized and sites of direct covalent attachment to peptides were identified by targeted MS/MS. Dozens of state-dependent crosslinks were identified and differential patterns of cholesterol-GlyR crosslinks were observed in the extracellular region nearing the lipid bilayer, in the M4 transmembrane helix, and in the large intracellular M3-M4 loop. Unique crosslinks in comparative studies identify changes in lipid accessibility or modulation of hydrophobic cavities in GlyR as a function of receptor allostery. Most notably, the outward twisting of M4 and differential crosslinking within the M3-M4 loop provide new insight into allosteric repositioning of GlyR. More generally, this study provides an accurate and sensitive approach to mapping the protein-lipid interactions to discern state-dependent structural movements of membrane proteins embedded in lipid-bilayers. SignificanceIon channels are highly allosteric molecular machines whose structure and function are sensitive to lipids and ligands. While the structures of many pLGICs are known, these are often truncated forms of the receptor in a membrane-mimetic environment locked in ligand-bound conformational states that may not accurately reflect the conformation and dynamics of the receptor in a native lipid environment. Crosslinking coupled with mass spectrometry (CX-MS) has the capability of interrogating the structure of full-length receptors in a lipid environment. In this study, CX-MS was used to identify state-dependent cholesterol-GlyR interactions to identify differential cholesterol accessibility as a function of channel dynamics upon gating and desensitization.
Abstract P3-02-15: Integrin a2 promotes stemness and lung metastasis in triple negative breast cancer

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that cancer plasticity and stem cell properties (stemness) drive both tumorigenesis and metastasis, and how to eliminate metastasis remains one of the biggest challenges in the clinic. Here we report that the integrin receptor CD49b-encoding ITGA2 is an oncogenic target of miR-206 regulating cancer stemness and metastasis through pathways linked to lipid metabolism and cell cycle regulation in metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). ITGA2 knockdown suppressed self-renewal related mammosphere formation and pluripotency marker expression, inhibited cell cycling, compromised migration and invasion, and therefore decreased lung metastasis of TNBC. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that ITGA2 knockdown inhibits newly identified pathways such as lipid metabolism and protein kinase activity. ACLY-encoded ATP citrate lyase is one of the top targets in CD49b promoting lipid biosynthesis and self-renewal of breast cancer cells. Overexpression of CCND1 rescues the phenotype of ITGA2 knockdown-induced cell cycle arrest. High expression levels of the ITGA2/ACLY/CCND1 axis are associated with an unfavorable relapse-free survival of patients with high grade breast cancer, in both basal-like and other subtypes. This study identifies ITGA2 as a potential therapeutic target of TNBC stemness, metabolism, and metastasis. Citation Format: Valery Adorno-Cruz, Andrew Hoffmann, Xia Liu, Ruth Keri, Huiping Liu. Integrin a2 promotes stemness and lung metastasis in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-15.
Prolonged Untreated Disease and Limited English Proficiency: A Case of Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome

Children from families with limited English proficiency have worse health outcomes than those from English-speaking families, likely related to the impact of a variety of social determinants on an increased risk of delayed presentation, diagnosis, and loss to follow-up. Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is a result of prolonged untreated primary hypothyroidism and early diagnosis of hypothyroidism is critical to prevent VWGS from developing. Whether social determinants of health, particularly limited English proficiency, impact the development, diagnosis, and treatment of VWGS has not been discussed previously. Here, we describe the case of an adolescent girl diagnosed with VWGS whose primary caregiver is foreign-born and with limited English proficiency, explore factors that may have placed her at increased risk for delayed presentation of VWGS, and discuss ongoing challenges of her disease management. We briefly review the pathophysiology of VWGS, emphasize the importance of being sensitive to this atypical presentation of hypothyroidism, and explore the intersections of this case with limited English proficiency status.
Itinerarios urbanos y ajuar doméstico: el “estrado” en «Abrir el ojo», de Rojas Zorrilla

A lo largo del seiscientos, las mujeres adineradas de la Espana imperial permanecian practicamente ocultas al mundo exterior. En el interior de sus casas, bajo la autoridad masculina; y en el exterior, cubiertas por velos o en el interior de coches, se mantenian alejadas de toda influencia social. Para mantener la moralidad en sus costumbres, las visitas a las viviendas se llevaban a cabo mediante invitaciones, donde el ‘estrado’ era el centro de reunion. En este trabajo propongo un estudio novedoso del espacio y las practicas sociales de las casas adineradas del Madrid del diecisiete representadas sobre el tablado en la comedia de Rojas Zorrilla Abrir el ojo , donde las mujeres aparecen cosificadas en un mundo de apariencias, y cautivas del gusto por el veneno de habladurias e insinuaciones.
Deep neural networks for predicting restricted mean survival times

Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a useful summary measurement of the time-to-event data, and it has attracted great attention for its straightforward clinical interpretation. In this article, I propose a deep neural network model that directly relates the RMST to its baseline covariates for simultaneous prediction of RSMT at multiple times. Each subject's survival time is transformed into a series of jackknife pseudo observations and then used as quantitative response variables in a deep neural network model. By using the pseudo values, a complex survival analysis is reduced to a standard regression problem, which greatly simplifies the neural network construction. By jointly modelling RMST at multiple times, the neural network model gains prediction accuracy by information sharing across times. The proposed network model was evaluated by extensive simulation studies and was further illustrated on three real datasets. In real data analyses, I also used methods to open the blackbox by identifying subject-specific predictors and their importance in contributing to the risk prediction. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code is freely available at http://github.com/lilizhaoUM/DnnRMST. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.