cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The formation of scholars: insights of the Carnegie Initiative on the Doctorate

Rethinking doctoral education requires that faculty members in academic departments discuss and take action in three arenas: aligning programmatic structural elements with desired outcomes; deliberately shaping the departmental culture; and rethinking the one-on-one apprenticeship pedagogies that are the heart of doctoral education. By improving the quality of the educational experience, students will learn more and develop further.
Rituximab as potential therapy for paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in pediatric Hodgkin disease

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare neurological syndrome associated with lung cancer, breast adenocarcinoma,ovarian adenocarcinoma, and Hodgkin disease. It is rarely seen in pediatrics. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with a 2-year prodrome that led to a diagnosis of PCD in association with stage IV Hodgkin disease. He received radiation and chemotherapy for his Hodgkin disease with resolution of his lymphoma. Based on promising data in adults on the efficacy of rituximab over other immuno suppressive agents in paraneoplastic disorders, he was treated with rituximab with marked improvement of the cerebellar syndrome.
Semantic definitions of space flight control center languages using the hierarchical graph technique

In this paper a method is described by which the semantic definitions of the Goddard Space Flight Control Center Command Languages can be specified. The semantic modeling facility used is an extension of the hierarchical graph technique, which has a major benefit of supporting a variety of data structures and a variety of control structures. It is particularly suited for the semantic descriptions of such types of languages where the detailed separation between the underlying operating system and the command language system is system dependent. These definitions were used in the definition of the Systems Test and Operation Language (STOL) of the Goddard Space Flight Center which is a command language that provides means for the user to communicate with payloads, application programs, and other ground system elements.
Early use by fish of a mitigation salt marsh, Humboldt Bay, California

Fish numbers and biomass in a mitigation salt marsh, Humboldt Bay, California, were examined from July 1981 to October 1982 and were compared with a nearby established marsh to determine whether the restored marsh provided adequate mitigation for habitat lost due to construction of a nearby marina. The use by fish of channels adjacent to the two marshes and the channel at the Woodley Island Marina construction site, for which mitigation was required, were also compared. The mitigation marsh, adjacent to Freshwater Slough channel, was 5.2 km from the marina site. Fishes were sampled by otter trawl, ichthyoplankton net, fixed channel nets, drop traps, and beach seines. Thirty-one fish species and two crab species were collected. Wide ranges in seasonal salinities and water temperatures, and differences in marsh elevation influenced fish use of the mitigation marsh area. The intertidal area of the mitigation marsh, dominated by euryhaline sticklebacks and topsmelts, did not replace intertidal and subtidal habitat lost by marina construction, which had more stable salinities and water temperatures and was used extensively by juvenile English sole.
Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems

The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the ruthenium-uranium binary system between 50 and 100 at% ruthenium were identified. The alloys were heated in a nested crucible arrangement, with the test alloy being held in an inner tungsten-lined graphite crucible or a ceramic crucible. An eutectic isotherm of 1861 ± 20 K for URu3 + Ru with a URu3 melting temperature of 1938 ± 22 K was measured. The URu3 + Ru eutectic composition was 77.5 ± 1 at% ruthenium. A U3Ru4 + U3Ru5 peritectic temperature of 1439 ± 16 K and a U3Ru5 + URu3 peritectic temperature of 1460 ± 20 K were measured. The solubility of ruthenium in URu3 was approximately 0.5 ± 1 at% ruthenium, and the solubility of uranium in ruthenium was less than 0.5 ± 1 at% ruthenium. The URe2 + Re isotherm was also verified to be 2415 ± 20 K.
Effect of dynamic operation on chemical degradation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract Dynamic operation is known as one of the factors for accelerating chemical degradation of the polymer electrolyte membrane in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, little effort has been made dealing with the quantification of the degradation process. In this investigation, cyclic current operation is carried out on a fuel cell system, and the frequency effect of cyclic operation on chemical degradation is investigated. The dynamic behavior of a fuel cell system is analyzed first with the modified Randles model, where the charge double layer is modeled by three components; a charge transfer resistance ( R ct ), and two RC cells for the Warburg impedance. After calculating each parameter value through exponential curve fitting, the dynamic behaviors of the three components are simulated using MATLAB Simulink ® . Fluoride release as a function of the frequency of cyclic operation is evaluated by measuring the concentration of fluoride ion in effluent from a fuel cell exhaust. The frequency effect on chemical degradation is explained by comparing the simulated results and the fluoride release results. Two possible reasons for the accelerated degradation at cyclic operation are also suggested.
Quantification of Live 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Populations Using Real-Time PCR and Propidium Monoazide.

Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease. It is associated with a phloem-restricted bacterium, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, and primarily transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid in Florida. Because Liberibacter cannot be cultured, early diagnosis of HLB relies on DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including real-time quantitative (q)PCR. Although estimating genomes from live bacteria (GLB) is critical for HLB research, PCR does not distinguish between live and dead cells and, thus, does not estimate GLB in hosts. Propidium monoazide (PMA), a novel DNA-binding dye, has been successfully used on many bacterial pathogens to effectively remove DNA from dead cells but there is no report of its use on uncultured bacteria. In this study, PMA-qPCR protocols were first optimized to work with plant and psyllid samples, respectively. Both TissueLyser treatment and plant tissue were demonstrated to have an insignificant impact on the GLB detected by PMA-qPCR. Finally, a standard curve ...
On linear viscoelastic rods

Abstract This paper is based on the general thermodynamical theory of a Cosserat continuum developed by Green and Laws. We present here specific constitutive equations for a linear viscoelastic material. When the form of the free energy is restricted by certain symmetry conditions, the basic equations separate into four groups, two for flexure, one for torsion, and one for extension of the rod. Thermal effects occur only in the last group. Flexural and torsiona! wave propagation along an infinite rod are considered.
In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy on vapor deposited polyaniline thin films

Abstract Small amounts of polyaniline powder have been evaporated under vacuum onto gold coated mica substrates. The initial deposition has been studied in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). After low coverage depositions, molecular sized complexes of linear dimensions between 50 and 200 A were observed. Some internal structure of the polymer conglomerates was resolved, revealing a “C” shaped cluster with a central depression. In some instances, a boundary between these clusters and long cigar shaped polymeric molecules was found. These “cigars” are approximately 400 A long, but were not highly resolved. The general appearance of the deposited complexes suggests the chemically active evaporated oligomers are reacting on the substrate, building up these conglomerates in the process. Higher resolution scans of individual clusters show single polymer helices, and cross-linking between adjacent polymer chains.
Improving educational outcomes while controlling costs

An analysis of educational outcomes and costs in U.S. schools shows rapidly increasing expenditures per student but little in the way of increased student performance. A decomposition of costs in the 20th century shows the powerful effects of decreased pupil-teacher ratios and increased costs of teachers. In the postwar period, however, teacher salaries have fallen relative to other college graduates. Other analyses of education production functions indicate that pupil-teacher ratios and currently structured salaries are not directly related to student learning. The obvious implication is that output based incentives are required to improve performance at acceptable costs.
Schooling, Literacies and Biopolitics in the Global Age

This article examines how particular dynamics of globalization, including pressures to restructure economies for informational labor, shape and are shaped by processes of public schooling and the development of diverse literacies (understood here as the control of certain forms of life). More specifically, this article analyzes how, in an era of globalization and high-stakes “biopolitics”, both workplace and school-based literacies and the literacy sponsorship offered by employers and state-run schools change, compete, increase and decrease in value, and interact with differential power relations in society. Such analysis, it is argued, is a requisite part of the development of powerful literacies necessary both for securing productive, rewarding labor in global informational economies and for reshaping socio-economic orders in accordance with principles of justice and strong democracy.
College Student Attitudes Toward Forcible Date Rape: I. Cognitive Predictors

Students completed a questionnaire measuring acceptance of forcible date rape, attitudes toward women, sexual knowledge, sexual experience, tolerance of socially unapproved sexual behavior, and religiosity. Findings suggested that persons relatively more accepting of forcible date rape are less sure it really is rape, have more traditional attitudes toward women, are more self-sexually permissive (i.e., more tolerant of their own socially unapproved of sexual behavior, such as premarital and extramarital sex with friends or casual acquaintances), have less accurate sexual knowledge and, though a large majority blame the male, are slightly more inclined than others to blame society or the situation. These predictor variables accounted for 35% of the variance in attitudes toward forcible date rape and identified correctly about two-thirds of the students classified as nonrejectors of forcible date rape, i.e., those who did not consider the male's behavior definitely unacceptable under any one of nine circumstances, including "He spent a lot of money on her." In addition to the emotional and personality variables often cited in rapists, the cognitive predictor variables found may be salient to understanding the etiology of rape.
Lymphocyte responsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Lymphocyte transformation to various mitogens and antigens was studied in selected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These patients were selected because they had taken no drug other than low-dose aspirin for 2 months prior to presentation. An impaired transformation response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed was found. There was no impairment in the response to PPD and Candida. The impaired mitogen response, which could not be corrected using purified, warm-washed, and warm-cultured T lymphocytes, seemed to be a corollary of disease activity.
Ethanol and methanol metabolites in alcohol withdrawal.

THE twenty-one subjects participating in this study were serial admissions to the St Louis Detoxification Center during the period of December 2–21, 1971. Their ages ranged from 29 to 72 yr and they comprised twenty males and one female. A blood sample (10 ml) was obtained from the patient on admission, when a symptom intensity rating evaluation was carried out1,2. Blood concentrations of ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde-formate were determined by gas-liquid chromatography3,4. This procedure was repeated on four consecutive days (total of five samples), after which the patient was discharged from the Center.
Teaching Spatial Awareness is Small–Sided Games

This article supports the use of strategy and tactics at games stage three (how to teach basic offensive and defensive strategy using small-sided games) as a best practices in physical education. Potential learning through game stages three and four (full-sided games) is only possible when teachers have advanced content knowledge to teach the implementation of strategies and tactics. This article focuses on handball as an example. The skills and concepts taught at game stages one (basic skills) and two (the combining of basic skills) are weaved as a vignette into the framework of the modified game and act as layers for further cognitive and psychomotor development. It is important to understand that the advanced methods used would need to be implemented over a period of lessons for the students to fully understand and contextualize the major concepts, which require the higher-order thinking skills of problem solving, synthesis, and application. When these concepts have been learned, students will be able ...
Characteristics of Exclusive Users of Mind-Body Medicine vs. Other Alternative Medicine Approaches in the United States

Context Persons using one group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may differ in important ways from users of other CAM therapies. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize the United States (US) adult population using exclusively mind-body medicine (MBM) and to determine if their characteristics differed from those using exclusively non-vitamin natural products. Design/Setting Using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and its periodic supplement on CAM use, descriptive characteristics of exclusive MBM users, as well as those using exclusively non-vitamin natural products were identified. Patients A total of 75,764 persons completing the 2007 NHIS with adults aged 18 years and older. Main Outcome Measures Characteristics of MBM users, prevalence of MBM use, and characteristics of exclusive MBM users compared to exclusive non-vitamin natural product users. Results Among CAM users ( N = 83,013,655), 21.8% of the adult population (age 18 or older) reported using exclusive MBM therapy. In multivariate models, exclusive MBM use was associated with female gender, higher educational attainment, younger age, residing in Northeast US, being Asian or black race, and a current smoker compared to those using exclusive non-vitamin natural products. Using bivariate comparisons, individuals that exclusively used MBM were more likely to be white females (60.5%), in a younger age category (18–39 years), educated beyond high school (68.3%), and more likely from the Southern US (32.4%). A greater level of depression in MBM users was noted compared to non-vitamin natural product users (6.6%).
The distribution of sizes of ordered level sets

The level sets obtained from an equal weights isotonic regression are often of interest. Here we derive the joint distribution of the sizes of the level sets ordered from largest to smallest and show they have the same distribution as three other processes. We also establish some recurrence relations for marginal distributions.
Improving the high-temperature mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy by equal-channel angular pressing

Abstract Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was conducted on a Mg–0.55% Zr alloy at a temperature of 513 K. It is shown that processing by ECAP refines the grain size from ∼75 to ∼8.6 μm. Tensile testing was performed at temperatures from 473 to 773 K and at initial strain rates from 10 −5 to 10 −2 s −1 using specimens in the as-received condition and after processing by ECAP through six passes. There is a higher strength in the as-received Mg–Zr alloy than in the Mg–Zr alloy after ECAP for six passes at a temperature of 513 K. The results show the tensile elongations are higher after ECAP and a maximum elongation of ∼380% was achieved in the as-pressed material at 773 K using an initial strain rate of 4.2 × 10 −5 s −1 . The strain rate sensitivity for the as-pressed alloy was estimated as ∼0.17 and the activation energy were intermediate between the values for grain boundary and lattice diffusion in magnesium.
A Note on Impacts of International Trade on Economic Growth and Inflation

Results of this study indicate that short- and long-term effects of international trade on inflation, GDP, and inflation-adjusted GDP growth vary over periods with fixed or freely floating exchange rates or a big accumulated trade deficit. Causalities between trade and other macroeconomic variables are also different in different periods. This study does not find supportive evidence that “phantom GDP gains” may significantly change impacts of imports on productivity, CPI, and inflation-adjusted GDP and causalities between imports and other macroeconomic variables, although a structural break is found in the relationship between imports and GDP at the beginning of 2003.
A Circular Inclusion With Imperfect Interface: Eshelby’s Tensor and Related Problems

Eshelby's tensor for an ellipsoidal inclusion with perfect bonding at interface has proven to have a far-reaching influence on the subsequent development of microme-chanics of solids. However, the condition of perfect interface is often inadequate in describing the physical nature of the interface for many materials in various loading situations. In this paper, Airy stress functions are used to derive Eshleby's tensor for a circular inclusion with imperfect interface. The interface is modeled as a spring layer with vanishing thickness. The normal and tangential displacement discontinus=ities at the interface are proportional to the normal and shear stresses at the interface. Unlike the case of the perfectly bonded inclusion, the Eshelby's tensor is, in general, not constant for an inclusion with the spring layer interface. The normal stresses are dependent on the shear eigenstrain. A closed-form solution for a circular inclusion with imperfect interface under general two-dimensional eignestrain and uniform tension is obtained. The possible normal displacement overlapping at the interface is discussed. The conditions for nonoverlapping are established.
Serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder, Part 2: Predictors of relapse during the continuation phase of pharmacotherapy

Objective: In the present study, we assessed the relationship between serum folate, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine levels on the rate of relapse in outpatients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) during a 28-week continuation phase of treatment with fluoxetine. Method: Seventy-one outpatients (mean ± SD age = 40.2 ± 11.1 years; 56.3% women) with MDD (as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R) who had remitted and who were enrolled in the continuation phase of treatment with fluoxetine had serum folate, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine measurements completed at baseline (prior to acute-phase treatment). Patients were followed for 28 weeks of continued treatment with fluoxetine 40 mg/day to monitor for depressive relapse. Folate levels were classified as either low (≤ 2.5 ng/mL) or normal. Vitamin B 12 levels were classified as either low (≤ 200 pg/mL) or normal. Homocysteine levels were classified as either elevated (≥ 13.2 μmol/L) or normal. With the use of separate logistic regressions, we then assessed the relationship between folate, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine level status and relapse. The study was conducted from November 1992 to January 1999. Results: The presence of low serum folate levels (p =.004), but not low B 12 (p >.05) or elevated homocysteine levels (p >.05), was associated with relapse during continuation treatment with fluoxetine. The relapse rates for patients with (N = 7) and without (N = 64) low folate levels were 42.9% versus 3.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Low serum folate levels were found to place patients with remitted MDD at risk for depressive relapse during the continuation phase of treatment with fluoxetine.
Association of Versican with Dermal Matrices and its Potential Role in Hair Follicle Development and Cycling

Versican is a member of the group of aggregating proteoglycans involved in matrix assembly and structure and in cell adhesion. We examined changes in the distribution of versican in mammalian skin, with emphasis on hair follicle development and cycling. In adult human skin, immunostaining for versican appeared predominantly in the dermis, with intense staining of the reticular dermis. Weak staining was observed at the dermoepidennal junction and the connective tissue sheath of hair follicles. Versican expression was also noted in the reticular dermis of rat skin, within dermal papillae, and possibly associated with follicle basement membranes. During mouse hair follicle development, versican was not expressed until the hair follicles were beginning to produce fibers. With follicle maturation, versican expression intensified in the dermal papillae, reaching a maximum at the height of the growth phase (anagen), after which it diminished as the end of this phase approached. Versican immunoreactivity in the papillae decreased further during catagen and was absent from these structures during telogen. However, intense staining for versican was then observed in the neck regions of telogen follicles. As the follicles entered the next hair cycle, versican disappeared from the necks and was again seen in the dermal papillae when follicles began producing fibers. This type of expression continued throughout subsequent hair cycles and is unlike any other dermal papilla component. The results of this study are consistent with a distinct supportive role for versican in the follicle matrices during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling.
Jamming, plasticity and diffusion in dense granular materials

In this paper, we present experimental results based on photoelastic techniques that allow us to obtain complete details of processes in dense granular materials. This work focuses in particular on the jamming transition and on the nature of affine and non-affine deformations in the shear band occuring in granular Couette flow. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymer conformation in an extensional flow with bead-wall hydrodynamic interaction

A simplified investigation into the properties of polymers near surfaces in a flow field is presented. A kinetic theory for a two-bead harmonic dumbbell model is derived, centering primarily on the effect of anisotropic hydrodynamics due to the presence of a wall. A comparison of the anisotropic and isotropic cases is made, and it is found that the difference manifest in the polymer concentration is only substantial at relatively high strain rates, or wilhin a few molecular diameters of the wall for realistic values of molecular parameters.
Value of Conditioned Reinforcers as a Function of Temporal Context.

Abstract In two experiments, pigeons were trained on a multiple-chain schedule, in which the initial link for one chain was a variable-interval (VI) 100 s schedule and for the other chain a VI 10 s schedule. The terminal links were both fixed-time 30 s schedules signaled by differently colored stimuli. Following training, the pigeons had their preference for the terminal-link stimuli tested either by presenting these stimuli in concurrent probes or by presenting these stimuli as reinforcement for completing novel initial links. In Experiment 1, pigeons significantly preferred the terminal-link stimulus that followed the long initial link in three of the five conditions. This preference was observed across all three testing procedures (concurrent chains, concurrent chains probes, and concurrent probes). Experiment 2 was a replication of this effect in one of the conditions from Experiment 1. The results demonstrate that temporal context does impact the value of a conditioned reinforcer in a manner consistent with delay-reduction theory, and inconsistent with other choice theories, such as the contextual choice model and scalar expectancy theory.
Wisdom and/or Dementia: Is This the Choice American Society Is Mired In?

Using the socially-constructed binary between wisdom and cognitive impairment as its case study, this essay tries to break this binary, first by describing and contextualizing the situation of the ...
Estimation of hormone receptor status and HER2 in cytologic cell blocks from breast cancer using the novel rabbit monoclonal antibodies (SP1, SP2, and SP3)

The determination of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status has become standard practice in the evaluation of patients with invasive breast cancer, having important prognostic and therapeutic implications. HER2 assessment is important to evaluate the response to Herceptin (Trastuzumab) therapy for primary and metastatic breast cancer. This study is undertaken to compare rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabMAb) for ER, PR, and HER2 against FDA-approved monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (FDAMpab). Cell blocks from primary and metastatic/recurrent breast carcinomas of 52 breast cancer patients were used. Immunohistochemistry was performed, following optimized epitope retrieval, with a polymer based detection system using RabMAb: ER (SP1), PR (SP2), and HER2 (SP3). FDA approved Mpab (Dako) used were: ER (1D5); PR (PgR636); and HercepTest kit according to manufacturer's instructions. HER2 immunostain is correlated with FISH results. Overall, positive, and negative agreement is as follows: 88.5, 88.9, and 88.2% for ER; 84.6, 70.5, and 91.4% for PR; 58.3, 100, and 50% for HER2. There is substantial to moderate agreement between RabMAb and FDAMpab for ER (kappa = 0.75) and PR (kappa = 0.64), respectively. There is poor agreement (kappa = 0.25) between RabMAb (SP3) and FDApab (HercepTest). SP3 shows better concordance (93.8%) than HercepTest (46.9%) with FISH results. RabMAb SP clones are almost comparable with FDA-approved ER and PR, with fair to moderate agreement. Both are as sensitive as their FDA-approved clones. SP3, on the other hand, is superior to HercepTest for detecting HER2 overexpression, with an excellent concordance with FISH.
Neutron Production in Linear Deuterium Pinches

Author(s): Anderson, Oscar A.; Baker, William R.; Colgate, Stirling A.; Ise, John; Pyle, Robert V.
Uncovering the polymerase-induced cytotoxicity of an oxidized nucleotide

Oxidative stress promotes genomic instability and human diseases. A common oxidized nucleoside is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, which is found both in DNA (8-oxo-G) and as a free nucleotide (8-oxo-dGTP). Nucleotide pools are especially vulnerable to oxidative damage. Therefore cells encode an enzyme (MutT/MTH1) that removes free oxidized nucleotides. This cleansing function is required for cancer cell survival and to modulate Escherichia coli antibiotic sensitivity in a DNA polymerase (pol)-dependent manner. How polymerases discriminate between damaged and non-damaged nucleotides is not well understood. This analysis is essential given the role of oxidized nucleotides in mutagenesis, cancer therapeutics, and bacterial antibiotics. Even with cellular sanitizing activities, nucleotide pools contain enough 8-oxo-dGTP to promote mutagenesis. This arises from the dual coding potential where 8-oxo-dGTP(anti) base pairs with cytosine and 8-oxo-dGTP(syn) uses its Hoogsteen edge to base pair with adenine. Here we use time-lapse crystallography to follow 8-oxo-dGTP insertion opposite adenine or cytosine with human pol β, to reveal that insertion is accommodated in either the syn- or anti-conformation, respectively. For 8-oxo-dGTP(anti) insertion, a novel divalent metal relieves repulsive interactions between the adducted guanine base and the triphosphate of the oxidized nucleotide. With either templating base, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the bases are lost as the enzyme reopens after catalysis, leading to a cytotoxic nicked DNA repair intermediate. Combining structural snapshots with kinetic and computational analysis reveals how 8-oxo-dGTP uses charge modulation during insertion that can lead to a blocked DNA repair intermediate.
How Fishery Market News Information is Useful in Conservation

Abstract The Fishery Market News Service is providing widespread benefits to the fishery marketing trade and to consumers in the United States. In addition to the benefits in economic well-being and health provided these two groups, the Market News contributes to the public welfare by assisting in the conservation of the fishery resources. Through reduction of wasteful processes in fish utilization and the provision of records of value in fishery management, the Market News effects wiser use of these resources.
A Case Study of the Montana “Opt-Out” Fee

Much literature discusses the use and value of user charges and fees but practically no literatures investigates the uses of the â€œopt-outâ€ fee in lieu of a user charge. While user charges are the fastest growing type of governmental revenue, one case study shows the feasibility of constructing and operating an opt-out fee to fund an excludable public goods service. The op-out fee provided the Montana Park and Recreation Department substantial funding and allowed the state to eliminate an entrance fee and reallocate general fund revenues elsewhere. While somewhat inefficient and relatively inexpensive to administer, the opt-out fee advanced equity as more low-income users accessed state parks.
Screen blanking on the Apple IIe

Screen blanking on the Apple IIe can be controlled by software after an annunciator output is connected to the chip enable line (Pin 18) of the character generator (UF4). Using Annunciator 3 gives the same functional results with the Apple IIe as does Reed’s (1979) hardware modification for the Apple II and Apple II+.
Cloning and expression of the yeast galactokinase gene in an Escherichia coli plasmid.

Abstract This report describes the construction and isolation of a plasmid, derived from pBR322, which carries a Bgl II restriction fragment of DNA containing the galactokinase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae . This was accomplished by the following procedure: (1) Purified galactokinase mRNA, labelled with 125 I, was hybridized to Bgl II digests of yeast DNA employing Southern's filter transfer technique to identify a restriction fragment containing the galactokinase gene. (2) This fragment was partially purified by agarose gel electrophoresis, ligated into the Bam HI site of pBR322 and transformed into Escherichia coli to generate a clone bank containing the galactokinase gene. (3) This bank was screened by in situ colony hybridization with galactokinase mRNA resulting in the identification of a plasmid carrying this gene. This plasmid DNA hybridized with the galactokinase mRNA to the same extent in the presence or absence of a large excess of unlabelled mRNA from cells that were not induced for galactokinase synthesis, while the same amount of unlabelled galactose-induced mRNA reduced the hybridization by 95%. When this plasmid was introduced into an E. coli strain deleted for the galactose operon it caused the synthesis of low levels of yeast galactokinase activity.
Probing Why Nature may Favor Heterogeneous Myosin Systems through Single Molecule and Systems Level Approaches

Myosin motor proteins utilize chemical energy and apply mechanical force to actin filaments. We computationally model the emergent interactions of large populations of varied myosin molecules with actin. Two levels are considered: individual myosin molecules and a systems level. We found that heterogeneous systems with a distribution of two different isoforms have unique and sometimes superior performance in comparison to homogeneous systems.At the single molecule level, we derived a mathematical model based on the swinging lever arm theory for mapping molecular structures to mechano-chemical behaviors. We explored the configurations of four myosin structures as inputs and when all parameters were perturbed individually, they each modulated emergent system behavior differently.At the systems level, the number and relative concentration of myosin isoforms is varied. The steady-state emergent response of the system (i.e. filament velocity, energy usage, and stability) is determined with respect to varied exogenous forces applied to a moving actin filament. System robustness (ability to operate under a number of different conditions) was examined, and we find that greater robustness requires higher energy usage and larger systems.When homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are compared, we find superior qualities present in heterogeneous systems. For instance, one heterogeneous system had decreased energy usage at lower velocities (i.e. greater performance) and a higher maximum stable system velocity than any possible homogeneous configuration.These results provide novel insights for why nature may favor molecularly heterogeneous systems. While myosin heterogeneity in muscles is beneficial because their relative concentrations may adapt over time, our findings suggest that the heterogeneity may also provide increased performance at a specific time. These findings inform the design of future myosin-based technologies, in addition to elucidating the complexity present in natural systems.
Enteric Type Adenocarcinoma of the Upper Tract Urothelium Associated with Ectopic Ureter and Renal Dysplasia: An Oncological Rationale for Complete Extirpation of this Aberrant Developmental Anomaly

AbstractPurpose: Intestinal metaplasia of the urothelium occurs in chronically irritated retained urinary segments and can progress to enteric adenocarcinoma. We present a unique clinical experience with a closed segment ureter from a dysplastic kidney draining ectopically into the seminal vesicle with malignant degeneration to enteric adenocarcinoma. The implications of this experience for management of this anomaly are discussed.Materials and Methods: Clinical and pathological data were assimilated with the urological and pathological literature.Results: Pathological examination revealed replacement of the urothelium of the renal pelvis and ureter with intestinal type metaplasia and multifocal transformation to mucinous (tubular villose) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Preoperative computerized tomography failed to identify the extensive malignancy.Conclusions: Our experience demonstrates that this anomaly is another scenario in which closed spaced nonfunctional urothelium can undergo malignant de...
RABBIT MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IV. EXPRESSION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS II GENES

The rabbit MHC class II DP, DQ, and DR alpha and beta chain genes were transfected into murine B lymphoma cells. The transfected cells expressed R-DQ and R-DR molecules on the cell surface but they did not express the R-DP genes either on the cell surface or at the level of mRNA. Northern blot analyses showed that the R-DP genes were expressed, albeit at low levels, in rabbit spleen. Similar analyses showed that the R-DQ and R-DR genes were expressed at high levels in rabbit spleen. A new monoclonal anti-rabbit class II antibody, RDR34, has been developed and shown to react with the R-DR transfected cells and not with the R-DQ transfected cells. The previously described monoclonal anti-rabbit class II antibody, 2C4, reacted with the R-DQ transfected cells and not with the R-DR transfected cells. Thus, 2C4 and RDR34 MAb's are specific for the R-DQ and R-DR molecules, respectively. Each of the antibodies reacted with approximately 50% of rabbit spleen cells as shown by immunofluorescent antibody studies.
Maximum entropy principle with imprecise side-conditions II: crisp discrete solutions

In this paper we consider the maximum entropy principle with imprecise side-conditions, where the imprecise side-conditions are modeled as fuzzy sets. In a previous paper our solution produced fuzzy discrete probability distributions and fuzzy probability density functions. In this paper we consider only discrete probability distributions and we have the constraint that the solution must be crisp (non-fuzzy).
Inhibition of Neovascularization by an Extract Derived from Vitreous

An extract of the vitreous body, inhibited the growth of new blood vessels induced by tumors in the rabbit cornea. This extract was delivered by an inert, continuously releasing polymer. The average vessel growth rate in the region surrounding the polymer was 32% less in corneas containing the inhibitory substance than in control corneas.
Neutronic analysis of the Geological Survey TRIGA Reactor

Abstract The United States Geological Survey TRIGA Reactor (GSTR) is a 1 MW reactor located in Lakewood, Colorado. In support of the GSTR’s relicensing efforts, this project developed and validated a Monte Carlo N-Particle Version 5 (MCNP5) model of the GSTR reactor. The model provided estimates of the excess reactivity, power distribution and the fuel temperature, water temperature, void, and power reactivity coefficients for the current and limiting core. The MCNP5 model predicts a limiting core excess reactivity of $6.48 with a peak rod power of 22.2 kW. The fuel and void reactivity coefficients for the limiting core are strongly negative, and the core water reactivity coefficient is slightly positive, consistent with other TRIGA analyses. The average fuel temperature reactivity coefficient of the full power limiting core is −0.0135 $/K while the average core void coefficient is −0.069 $/K from 0% to 20% void. The core water temperature reactivity coefficient is +0.012 $/K.
Fluoxetine and trifluoperazine in human brain: A 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Abstract Fluorine-19 ( 19 F) is a nonradioactive isotope that is well-suited to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) and is a constituent of several medications used to treat psychiatric illnesses. Fluoxetine, a trifluorinated agent, generated a signal from brain that was readily measured by 19 F-NMRS. Estimated brain concentrations ranged from 1.3–5.7 μg/ml in six subjects at a steady state dose of 40 mg/day. Enhanced sensitivity of 19 F has been obtained by conforming the surface coil to the shape of the forehead. Hence, at the current state of development, 19 F-NMRS can be applied to clinical questions relevant to concentrations of fluoxetine in brain. We also report observation of NMRS signals from fluorinated neuroleptics in a number of patients at steady state. These signals continue to be difficult to obtain, although a correlation between dose and estimated brain concentrations is suggested.
Dynamics of Periglacial Sorted Circles in Western Spitsbergen

A working hypothesis for the development and maintenance of sorted circles, which are finegrained soil domains delineated by borders of coarser material, involves clast motion relative to soil and intermittent circulatory motion of soil in the active layer. The hypothesis is compatible with the observed size, regularity, sorting, microtopography, surface soil motion, vegetation cover, and subsurface organic carbon content of soil patterns studied in Spitsbergen. Theoretical considerations of buoyancy-driven convection suggest that intermittent convection of thawed soils is plausible, and that the requisite bulk density decrease with depth arises naturally from moisture gradients that develop during the thaw consolidation of ice-rich soils. These considerations also help in understanding the dependence of sorted circles on soil characteristics and on moisture. Moreover, they point to the possible use of sorted patterns as paleoclimatic indicators based on the expected relation between pattern size and active layer depth.
Zum Auftreten des Vektorpotentials in der Riemannschen Geometrie

Die allgemeinen Grundlagen der Theorie werden in einem wesentlichen Punkte vervollstandigt: es wird fur das Vektorpotential eine exakte Gleichung abgeleitet. Diese Gleichung ist exakt identisch mit der aus der Maxwellschen Theorie folgenden, was zur Folge hat, das die Maxwellschen Gleichungen nicht nur angenahert, sondern streng herauskommen. Eine Uberprufung der Grundlagen zeigt, das an einer Stelle eine Annahme eingefuhrt wurde, die als willkurliche Einschrankung zu betrachten ist. Nach Fallenlassen dieser Einschrankung gehen die Maxwellschen Gleichungen in ein etwas allgemeineres System uber, das fur den Fall euklidischer Metrik aquivalent ist mit der Diracschen Gleichung des Elektrons bei fehlendem auseren Feld und verschwindender Masse.
Vortex motion and time dependent magnetic responses in high Tc superconductors

Abstract High T c superconductors are prone to thermal motion of the magnetic vortex lattice when a large macroscopic current is carried under strong magnetic fields because of their small coherence lengths and the relatively high temperatures. By measuring the magnetic relaxation process associated with such dissipation, the thermal activation energy of the vortex motion is extracted over the whole temperature range. The temperature dependence of the relaxation process can be explained by a growth of the vortex bundle volume upon the increase of temperature which is consistent with the simple collective pinning model similar to that developed by Larkin et al.
Morphology of the macula neglecta in sharks of the genus Carcharhinus

Ears from several species of carcharhinid sharks were studied by gross dissection, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Structures along a possible sound transmission path to the ear are described, but main consideration is given to the structure of the macula neglecta. The macula neglecta is composed of two patches of sensory epithelium which line part of the posterior canal duct. In an adult shark the larger of these contains 224,000 sensory hair cells oriented so as to detect forces directed posteroventrolaterally in the duct. The smaller patch contains 43,000 hair cells oriented so as to detect oppositely directed forces. These receptor cells project through numerous small terminals to a total for both patches of 4,700 myelinated nerve fibers. Cytostructural variations throughout the hair cell population are also reported. Estimated acoustic properties of the tissues in this complex and the processing potential of the neural elements are interpreted as suggestive of auditory function. A mechanism based on the geometry of the receptor arrays is proposed to explain behaviorally observed instantaneous sound localization from the farfield. Evolution of the macula neglecta is reviewed, and evidence for homology of the macula neglecta and amphibian papilla is presented.
Introduction: Geodynamics and Consequences of Lithospheric Removal in the Sierra Nevada, California

The Sierra Nevada of California has long contained paradoxes between the age of the range and the cause of uplift. In the 19th century, J.D. Whitney and J. LeConte disagreed about the interpretation of late Cenozoic incision evident in the Sierra. Whitney (1880, 1882) viewed the incision of Pliocene and older rocks as a result of climatic changes. LeConte (1880, 1886) argued that the recent incision reflected a tilting of the Sierra, which also caused uplift of the crest of the range. LeConte’s view was basically upheld and amplified by further geological work (e.g., Christensen, 1966; Huber, 1981, 1990; Lindgren, 1911; Matthes, 1930).
Abstract 3143: A functional interaction between alpha-fetoprotein and miRNA-29 modulates the HCC epigenome.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 70-85% of primary liver cancers and ranks second in the leading cause of male cancer death. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), normally expressed during fetal development, is reactivated in 60% of HCC tumors and associated with poor patient outcome. We hypothesize that AFP+ and AFP- tumors may differ biologically and have different prognosis in HCC patients. Using microarray-based global microRNA and mRNA profiling, we found that members of the miR-29 family are the most significantly (p<1E-5) down-regulated miRs in AFP+ tumors (n=242). Physiologically, during mouse embryonic development, miR-29 family expression is low but gradually increases after birth, contrary to AFP expression which dramatically decreases after birth. In addition, a member of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family, DNMT3A, is one of the most significantly (p=8E-6) up-regulated genes in AFP+ HCC. Interestingly, there is a significant inverse correlation (p<1E-4) between miR-29 and DNMT gene expression, suggesting that they may be functionally antagonistic, which is consistent with the finding showing that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are direct targets of miR-29. Experimentally, we found that increased AFP expression or the addition of AFP+ media to AFP- cells inhibits miR-29a expression in HCC cell lines. We also found that AFP transcriptionally regulates the promoter of miR-29a. Moreover, global DNA methylation array profiling reveals increased methylation in HCC patients with high levels of serum AFP. These results support our hypothesis that AFP inhibits miR-29, which modulates epigenetic changes that contribute to poor outcome. Taken together, this study elucidates the mechanisms that link AFP and miR-29 expression to epigenetic alterations and may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents to improve survival of HCC patients. Citation Format: Sonya Parpart, Stephanie Roessler, Fei Dong, Vinay Rao, Christopher Loffredo, Xin Wei Wang. A functional interaction between alpha-fetoprotein and miRNA-29 modulates the HCC epigenome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3143
Negative effects of paternal age on children's neurocognitive outcomes can be explained by maternal education and number of siblings.

Background Recent findings suggest advanced paternal age may be associated with impaired child outcomes, in particular, neurocognitive skills. Such patterns are worrisome given relatively universal trends in advanced countries toward delayed nuptiality and fertility. But nature and nurture are both important for child outcomes, and it is important to control for both when drawing inferences about either pathway. Methods and Findings We examined cross-sectional patterns in six developmental outcome measures among children in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (n = 31,346). Many of these outcomes at 8 mo, 4 y, and 7 y of age (Bayley scales, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Graham-Ernhart Block Sort Test, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wide Range Achievement Test) are negatively correlated with paternal age when important family characteristics such as maternal education and number of siblings are not included as covariates. But controlling for family characteristics in general and mother's education in particular renders the effect of paternal age statistically insignificant for most developmental measures. Conclusions Assortative mating produces interesting relationships between maternal and paternal characteristics that can inject spurious correlation into observational studies via omitted variable bias. Controlling for both nature and nurture reveals little residual evidence of a link between child neurocognitive outcomes and paternal age in these data. Results suggest that benefits associated with the upward trend in maternal education may offset any negative effects of advancing paternal age.