cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of purely elastic instabilities in the Taylor-Dean flow of a Boger fluid

An experimental and theoretical investigation of the stability of the viscoelastic flow of a model Boger fluid between rotating cylinders with an applied pressure gradient is presented. In our theoretical study, a linear stability analysis based on the Oldroyd-B fluid model which predicts the critical conditions and the structure of the vortex flow at the onset of instability is developed. Our results reveal that certain non-axisymmetric modes are more unstable than the previously studied axisymmetric mode when the shearing by the cylinder rotation is the dominant flow-driving force. This is consistent with recent results presented by Beris & Avgousti (1992) on the stability of elastic Taylor–Couette flow. On the other hand, the axisymmetric mode is more unstable when the pressure gradient becomes dominant. Furthermore, we investigate the mechanism of purely elastic Taylor–Dean instability with respect to non-axisymmetric disturbances through an examination of the disturbance-energy equation. It is found that the mechanism of the elastic Taylor–Dean instability is associated with the coupling between the disturbance polymeric stresses due to the azimuthal variation of the disturbance flow and the base state velocity gradients. In our experimental study, evidence of non-inertial, cellular instabilities in the Taylor–Dean flow of a well-characterized polyisobutylene/polybutene Boger fluid is presented. A stationary, meridional obstruction is placed between independently rotating, concentric cylinders to generate an azimuthal pressure gradient in opposition to the shearing flow. Flow visualization experiments near the critical conditions show the transition from purely azimuthal flows to secondary vortex flows, and the development of evenly spaced, banded vortex structures. The critical wavenumber obtained from spectral image analysis of the visualizations, and the critical Deborah number are presented for various ratios of the pressure gradient to the shear driving force. Although there is a quantitative discrepancy between data and theory, the qualitative trends in the data are in agreement with our theoretical predictions. In addition, laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements show that the instability is a stationary mode when the pressure gradient is the dominant flow-driving force, while it is an oscillatory instability when the shearing is dominant, again as predicted by the theory.
An iterative scheme for near optimal and universal lossy compression

We present a new lossy compression algorithm for discrete sources. The encoder assigns a certain cost to each reconstruction sequence, finds the sequence that minimizes the cost, and describes it losslessly to the decoder via a universal lossless compressor. The cost of a sequence is defined as a linear combination of its empirical probabilities of some order k + 1 and its distortion relative to the source sequence. The linear structure of the cost in the empirical count matrix allows the encoder to employ a Viterbi-like algorithm for obtaining the minimizing reconstruction sequence simply. We identify a choice of coefficients for the linear combination in the cost function which ensures that the algorithm universally achieves the optimum rate-distortion performance of any Markov source in the limit of large n, provided k is increased as o(log n). Finding the optimal coefficients is complex and requires solving a non-convex optimization problem. As a detour, we propose a simple heuristic iterative procedure, and demonstrate its efficiency through our experimental results.
Versatile Metal Oxide Nanowire Devices Achieved via Controlled Doping

We report on studies of field-effect transistor (FET) and transparent thin-film transistor (TFT) devices based on lightly Ta-doped SnO2 nanowires. Uniform device performance was obtained using an in situ doping method, with average field-effect mobilities exceeding 100 cm 2 /(V•s). Prototype fully-transparent TFT devices on glass substrates showed excellent performance metrics in terms of transconductance and on/off ratio. The combined advantages of SnO 2 nanowires: namely a low cost growth process, high electron mobility, and optical transparency; make the system well suited for large-scale transparent electronics on low-temperature substrates.
Preparing for the academic job market: An interactive panel for doctoral students [a panel proposal]

The transition from doctoral student to assistant professor can be a challenging one for many students. The process is unfamiliar for many and presents unanticipated challenges and opportunities. The function of this panel is to provide an interactive platform for faculty members at all stages of their careers to provide advice and input for doctoral students nearing the completion of their doctoral work. This panel will provide valuable insight on finishing the dissertation, going on the job market, and beginning an academic career. The format will allow for participants to ask questions anonymously, questions that may be embarrassing to ask. The seven panelists represent all stages of the academic career: two assistant professors, three associate professors (including two associate deans), and two full professors (including one interim dean and one dean). The participants come from seven different institutions, representing two countries (U.S. and Canada). The panel will be of greatest use to those doctoral students at the end of their doctoral program, but may also be of interest to doctoral students beginning their doctoral work and new assistant professors.
Cytochrome p450 gene variants, race, and mortality among clopidogrel-treated patients after acute myocardial infarction.

Background— Clopidogrel is recommended after acute myocardial infarction but has variable efficacy and safety, in part related to the effect of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) polymorphisms on its metabolism. The effect of CYP polymorphisms on cardiovascular events among clopidogrel-treated patients after acute myocardial infarction remains controversial, and no studies to date have investigated the association of CYP variants with outcomes in black patients. Methods and Results— Subjects (2732: 2062 whites; 670 blacks) hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction enrolled in the prospective, multicenter TRIUMPH study were genotyped for CYP polymorphisms. The majority of whites (79%) and blacks (64.4%) were discharged on clopidogrel. Among whites, carriers of the loss-of-function CYP2C19 *2 allele had significantly increased 1-year mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]: 1.70; confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.86; P =0.046) and a trend toward increased rate of recurrent MI (adjusted HR: 2.10; CI: 0.95–4.63; P =0.066). Among blacks, increased 1-year mortality was associated with the gain-of-function CYP2C19 *17 allele (adjusted HR for \*1/\*17 versus \*1/\*1: 2.02; CI: 0.92–4.44; \*17/\*17 versus \*1/\*1: 8.97; CI: 3.34–24.10; P <0.0001) and the CYP1A2 *1C allele (adjusted HR for \*1/\*1C versus \*1/\*1: 1.89; CI: 0.85–4.22; \*1C/\*1C versus \*1/\*1: 4.96; CI: 1.69–14.56; P =0.014). Bleeding events were significantly more common among black carriers of CYP2C19 *17 or CYP1A2 *1C. Conclusions— Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function CYP polymorphisms affecting clopidogrel metabolism are associated with increased mortality among clopidogrel-treated patients after acute myocardial infarction; the specific polymorphism and the putative mechanism vary according to race.
Two distinct defects in intracellular growth complemented by a single genetic locus in Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila mutants specifically defective for intracellular replication were isolated using an intracellular thymineless death enrichment strategy. Mutants belonging to two distinct phenotypic classes were unable to grow in macrophage-like cultured cells. One class of mutants was defective for both inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion and association of host cell organelles with bacteria-containing phagosomes ('recruitment'). Another class of mutants was defective only for organelle recruitment, suggesting that recruitment may be necessary for intracellular growth. Recombinant clones were identified that complemented the intracellular growth defects of these mutants. A single genetic locus, designated dot (for defect in organelle trafficking), restored wild-type phenotypes for intracellular growth, organelle recruitment, and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion to mutants belonging to both phenotypic classes.
Automatic layout generation for mixed analog-digital VLSI neural chips

A systematic approach to automatic layout generation for the emerging mixed analog-digital VLSI neural systems is described. A macro-cell layout methodology based on a hierarchical floorplanning and placement procedure, a constraint-driven analog module generator, and a priority-based block router have been exclusively developed for neural chip implementation. Special analog VLSI layout constraints are analyzed and properly incorporated into the layout generation on each level of the circuit hierarchy to achieve both high performance and overall area efficiency. The floorplans for single-layer fully-connected Hopfield neural chips and multiple-layer neural chips have been developed. Experimental results on a 16-neuron neural circuit are presented. >
Mesioangular impaction is associated with increased periodontal pocketing on the distal surface of the second molar

Abstract Original article Kan, KW, Liu JKS, Lo ECM, Corbet EF, Leung WK. Residual periodontal defects distal to the mandibular second molar 6-36 months after impacted third molar extraction. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:1004-11. Level of evidence 3 Purpose To determine the etiologic factors of periodontal pocketing distal to second molars after wisdom tooth extraction Source of funding Information not available Type of study/design Cohort study
Silicon Carbide Whisker Reinforced Aluminum with Improved Temperature Resistance due to the Use of a Phosphate Binder

Silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum with improved temperature resistance, increased tensile strength and decreased coefficient of thermal expansion was obtained by using a phosphate binder instead of a commonly used silica binder for preparing the SiC whisker preform, to which liquid aluminum was infiltrated in order to form the composite. The composite is attractive for applications as a heat sink with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and cardiovascular disease mortality in the Alameda County Study 1965 to 2000.

Abstract Purpose Socioeconomic disadvantage is often evaluated at single points in the adult life course in health research. Social mobility models suggest that socioeconomic patterns may also influence disease risk. This study examines cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage (CSD) in relation to cardiovascular disease mortality (CVDM). Methods Data were from the Alameda County Study ( n = 2530). The CSD indices included father's education, the respondent's education, and either average or latent variable trajectory models of adulthood household income (1965–1994). Proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between CSD and CVDM. Results The CSD measures were not associated with CVDM in men. Among women, the magnitude of the association between CSD and CVDM was greater for the income trajectory (hazard ratio 3 vs 0 = 4.73, 95% confidence interval = 2.20–10.18) compared with the average income (hazard ratio 3 vs 0 = 3.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.67–8.53) CSD measure. Conclusions Measures of CSD that incorporate patterning of resources over the life course were associated with CVDM for women but not men. Patterning of available socioeconomic resources may differentially influence chronic disease risk and mortality by gender, and future work should continue to investigate how greater patterns variability in available resources influences health outcomes.
Thermal Coupling in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays

Thermal coupling in an operating vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array is investigated by using thermoreflectance microscopy to obtain two-dimensional thermal maps with very high spatial and thermal resolution. In contrast with existing techniques for estimating average cavity temperatures, thermoreflectance microscopy enables surface thermal imaging of the entire array while simultaneously resolving surface temperature distributions across individual VCSEL apertures. We quantify the significant thermal coupling between neighboring VCSELs in the array and compare the results to those obtained using the traditional technique of estimating average operating temperature of a laser cavity by monitoring the temperature- dependent shift in the lasing wavelength. A time gated wavelength shift experiment is performed to measure the thermal diffusivity of the array. We report a thermal conductivity (?th) and thermal diffusivity (?) for the VCSEL array of ?th = 0.31 W/(cm·K) and ? = 1.47 × 10-5 m2·s-1, respectively.
Motor workshop: the role of interactivity in promoting learning

In this paper the authors discuss the design, development, deployment and testing of two pieces of courseware focused on teaching mechanical engineering undergraduates about the fundamentals of direct-current (DC) motor physics and selection. They were motivated to develop materials on motors because they are a common engineering design element, and yet their coverage in engineering curricula is often cursory or poorly integrated Standard mechanical systems texts do not cover this topic, and comprehensive motor texts are typically too detailed and lengthy to be suitable for mechanical designers. Further, the authors hoped that a multimedia presentation would allow for inclusion of information that is difficult to convey in a conventional text format. Assessment results, including pre- and post-performance tests and questionnaire responses, are presented and interpreted in terms of their implications for the role of interactivity in students' learning.
Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics

This is a book review of Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics, by James Jacob and Kimberly Potter (Oxford University Press, 2000).
Response of Northern Hemisphere Midlatitude Circulation to Arctic Amplification in a Simple Atmospheric General Circulation Model

AbstractThis study examines the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude circulation response to Arctic amplification (AA) in a simple atmospheric general circulation model. It is found that, in response to AA, the tropospheric jet shifts equatorward and the stratospheric polar vortex weakens, robustly for various AA forcing strengths. Despite this, no statistically significant change in the frequency of sudden stratospheric warming events is identified. In addition, in order to quantitatively assess the role of stratosphere–troposphere coupling, the tropospheric pathway is isolated by nudging the stratospheric zonal mean state toward the reference state. When the nudging is applied, rendering the stratosphere inactive, the tropospheric jet still shifts equatorward but by approximately half the magnitude compared to that of an active stratosphere. The difference represents the stratospheric pathway and the downward influence of the stratosphere on the troposphere. This suggests that stratosphere–troposphere coupli...
Image reconstruction methods for I-123 DaTscan imaging using a multi-pinhole and fan collimator dual-headed SPECT system

We investigate iterative image reconstruction strategies for clinical I-123 DaTscan imaging on a dual-headed mixed collimator SPECT system consisting of fan and multi-pinhole (MPH) collimators on separate heads. DaTscan is used for the diagnosis and monitoring progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The current system was proposed in [1] for high-resolution imaging of activity in the structures of interest: the putamen (P), caudate (C) and potentially substantia nigra (SN) which lie in the central interior portion of the brain. However imaging of the occipital lobe is also required with PD for calculation of the striatal binding ratios (SBR), a parameter of significance in the early diagnosis, and differentiation of PD from other disorders with similar clinical presentations, and monitoring progression [2]. In this work we present different strategies for image reconstruction using resolution and sensitivity modeling of both fan and MPH collimators. The reconstruction output from Fan and MPH collimators individually are compared to the outputs of combined reconstruction strategies for visual quality and accuracy of SBRs.
Competitive Parasitism of House Fly Pupae (Diptera: Muscidae) by Muscidifurax Zaraptor and Urolepis Rufipes (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Muscidifurax zaraptor was more efficient at parasitizing house fly pupae than was Urolepis rufipes. Both wasp species preferred to oviposit on unparasitized pupae. Ovipositional restraints of M. zaraptor broke down at high parasitoid-to-host ratios; superparasitism caused a reduction in parasitoid emergence and in the percentage of females that emerged. Under competitive conditions, reductions in parasitoid emergence occurred for both species, but M. zaraptor dominated and showed greater discrimination between species.
Multivariate Approach to Identifying Patterns of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Infesting Cotton

The influence of agronomic factors on the abundance and distribution of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring infesting cotton was described using principal component and multiple regression analyses. Densities of immature whitefly from leaf samples and 10 measures of cultural and management practices, which included insecticide use, cropping patterns, planting date, field size, and natural enemy abundance, were quantified for 56 and 30 cotton fields located throughout the Imperial Valley, California, in the summers of 1993 and 1994, respectively. Whitefly densities declined with increasing insecticide use and field size. Large (>32 ha), frequently sprayed fields exhibited lower whitefly densities than small fields receiving <5 insecticide applications. Whitefly densities were significantly and negatively related to the proximity and acreage of spring melons to the 56 cotton field sampled in 1993, suggesting spring melon fields as a source of whitefly infesting cotton. A similar relationship was also observed early in the 1994 season. In addition, densities of adult natural enemy numbers were positively correlated with immature B. argentifolii, suggesting that the existing natural enemy complex did not regulate whitefly populations in the cotton fields sampled in 1994. Consistent positive relationships among planting dates and whitefly densities on all sample dates and for both years suggest that cotton fields planted earlier in the season will be host to fewer whiteflies relative to those fields planted later in the season. Within the constraints presented by cotton production with the Imperial Valley, results from this study suggest that cotton should be planted early in the season and far from melons to reduce whitefly pressure within cotton.
Relationship between food habits and activity patterns of pine martens

Pine martens ( Martes americana ) consume a variety of food types annually but seasonal foraging is restricted to a subset of available prey. Winter foods include chickarees ( Tamiasciurus douglasii ), voles ( Microtus spp.), snowshoe hares ( Lepus americanus ), and flying squirrels ( Glaucomys sabrinus ), whereas ground-dwelling sciurids ( Spermophilus spp. and Eutamias spp.) comprise the bulk of the diet during the remainder of the year. Activity also is variable by season, with martens foraging at night during winter and by day during summer. Seasonal marten activity does not appear associated with optimal ambient temperature but instead appears synchronized with the activity of prey.
Destruction of I131 Labeled Insulin by Liver Slices.

Summary1. Insulin labeled with I131 was used to determine the effect of liver slices on the degradation of insulin. 2. The insulin-inactivating activity of slices of rat liver (insulinase) is associated with a degradation of I131 insulin. 3. The degradation of I131 insulin by liver slices follows first order kinetics and is related directly to the quantity of liver slices employed. 4. A non-protein fraction of liver (insulinase-inhibitor) which inhibits the action of insulinase also inhibits the degradation of I131 insulin by liver slices.
Ionization of High-Density Deep Donor Defect States Explains the Low Photovoltage of Iron Pyrite Single Crystals

Iron pyrite (FeS2) is considered a promising earth-abundant semiconductor for solar energy conversion with the potential to achieve terawatt-scale deployment. However, despite extensive efforts and progress, the solar conversion efficiency of iron pyrite remains below 3%, primarily due to a low open circuit voltage (VOC). Here we report a comprehensive investigation on {100}-faceted n-type iron pyrite single crystals to understand its puzzling low VOC. We utilized electrical transport, optical spectroscopy, surface photovoltage, photoelectrochemical measurements in aqueous and acetonitrile electrolytes, UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Kelvin force microscopy to characterize the bulk and surface defect states and their influence on the semiconducting properties and solar conversion efficiency of iron pyrite single crystals. These insights were used to develop a circuit model analysis for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that allowed a complete characterization of the bulk and surface...
The number of receptors for factor VII correlates with the ability of cultured cells to initiate coagulation.

Previously, we showed that cells derived from nonvascular tissues initiate clotting primarily by markedly increasing the activity of coagulation factor VII. Cells derived from vascular tissue do not normally exhibit this property (tissue factor activity). In this study, we have characterized the relationship between the tissue factor activity of cultured cells derived from normal tissues and the number of receptors they possess for coagulation factor VII. Only cultured nonvascular cells expressed tissue factor activity or possessed receptors for 125I-factor VII. Fetal lung cells, the nonvascular tissue with the largest amount of procoagulant and tissue factor activity, possessed the most receptors for 125I-factor VII (880,000/cell). Bovine corneal endothelial cells, the nonvascular tissue possessing the fewest number of receptors (2,400/cell), had the least amount of procoagulant or tissue factor activity. The affinity of nonvascular cells for 125I- factor VII varied for the cells studied (Kd congruent to 1.3–90 X 10(- 10) M). Vascular cells expressed no tissue factor activity, nor did they bind 125I-factor VII. 125I-factor VII and unlabeled factor VII bound to cells had identical procoagulant activities. These results indicate that the ability of cultured cells to initiate coagulation may be regulated in part by the number of receptors they possess for factor VII.
On affirmation of the Predicted Liability

With the introduction of some new changes in "Accounting System"(2000) that the Ministry of Finance issued,this article discusses several new problems in "Accounting System",and explores the concepts,recognition,measurement and disclosure of the predicted liability through comparsion with FASB-5 and IAS-37,having probed into the affirmation in debt of expectation according to the question.Secondly the writer probes into the question of affirming the predicted liability and analyzes some insufficient and defects existing in "Accounting System".Meanwhile this article puts out some suggestions on solving these problems.
Reactive oxygen species and bacterial biofilms in diabetic wound healing

Chronic wounds are a common and debilitating complication for the diabetic population. It is challenging to study the development of chronic wounds in human patients; by the time it is clear that a wound is chronic, the early phases of wound healing have passed and can no longer be studied. Because of this limitation, mouse models have been employed to better understand the early phases of chronic wound formation. In the past few years, a series of reports have highlighted the importance of reactive oxygen species and bacterial biofilms in the development of chronic wounds in diabetics. We review these recent findings and discuss mouse models that are being utilized to enhance our understanding of these potentially important contributors to chronic wound formation in diabetic patients.
Bandwidth as a service: Transport layer bandwidth guarantees for cloud environments

Cloud computing is a relatively new idea where virtualized computers communicating with each other perform a multitude of services such as general purpose computing, cloud services to local applications for storage or processing power, and hosting services for entire applications executed within the cloud. This paper focuses on network bandwidth utilization within the cloud-computing environment and proposes the concept of providing Bandwidth as a Service within the cloud. Prior methods of providing control over cloud bandwidth utilization are discussed, and a novel algorithm is proposed for dynamically shaping cloud bandwidth into percentage groups containing individual transport-level connections, maximizing bandwidth efficiency while maintaining limitations on network resources. An analysis of inter-virtual machine bandwidth performance is discussed along with a survey of throughput efficiency and improvements within the hypervisor.
Bergson(-ism) Remembered: A Roundtable

Bergson(ism) Remembered: A Roundtable Curated by Mark William Westmoreland with Brien Karas (Villanova University, USA) Featuring Jimena Canales (University of Illinois-UC, USA), Stephen Crocker (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada), Charlotte De Mille (The Courtauld Gallery, UK), Souleymane Bachir Diagne (Columbia University, USA), Michael Foley (University of Westminster, UK), Hisashi Fujita (Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan), Suzanne Guerlac (University of California, Berkeley, USA), Melissa McMahon (Independent Scholar, Australia), Paulina Ochoa Espejo (Haverford College, USA), and Frederic Worms (L’Ecole Normale Superieure, France)
Hyperechogenic Bowel: Etiologies, Management, and Outcome according to Gestational Age at Diagnosis in 279 Consecutive Cases in a Single Center.

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate perinatal outcome of fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel (HB) in relation to gestational age at diagnosis. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective observational study of fetal HB cases from 2002 to 2012. Patients were divided into three groups according to trimester at diagnosis. For each group, data from fetal ultrasound examination, fetal medicine investigations, intrapartum cares, and neonatal outcome were obtained. Results A diagnosis of HB was made in 279 fetuses among them 17 (6%) during the first trimester, 186 (67%) during the second trimester, and 75 (27%) during the third trimester. A significant prevalence of maternal comorbidities was noticed in group 1 (12%: p = 0.02). A chromosomal defect was identified in 13% of the fetuses without difference among the three groups. HB was associated with prenatal infection in 11.5% (n = 32) of the cases, with an equal distribution between groups 2 and 3. Intrauterine growth retardation was noticed in 23% (n = 64) of the cases with a slightly high prevalence in groups 1 (35%). HB was the only ultrasonographic intestinal soft marker in 80% (n = 223) of the fetuses, two-third of them were detected during the first and the second trimesters (p = 0.001). However, HB was associated with bowel dilation in 33% of the cases diagnosed during the third trimester (p = 001). Ultrasonographic extraintestinal anomalies were identified in 30% of the fetuses with a higher prevalence in group 1 (59%). HB resolved spontaneously in 55 (19.7%) cases—without difference among the three groups. In group 1 we recorded a significant prevalence of intrauterine demise (23.5%, p = 0.004). Two hundred twenty-seven (81.3%) pregnancies resulted in live-born neonates; among them gastrointestinal anomalies were noticed in 12.5% with a significant prevalence in group 3 (36%) compared with 6 and 5.4% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.001). Extraintestinal anomalies were confirmed in 27% of the cases, whereas postnatal mortality rate was of 7% without differences between the three groups. Conclusion Detection of HB during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk for maternal comorbidities, intrauterine growth retardation, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Moreover, if HB is detected during the second trimester, it is associated with a favorable prognosis. Otherwise, HB detected during the third trimester is associated with a significant risk of gastrointestinal anomaly.
Colonic Pericryptal Fibroblast Sheath: Replication, Migration, and Cytodifferentiation of a Mesenchymal Cell System in Adult Tissue: II. Fine structural aspects of normal rabbit and human colon

Summary The colonic pericryptal fibroblast sheath is a self-renewing population of mesenchymal cells which maintains intimate contact with the base of the epithelium as it and the epithelium. migrate synchronously from their germinative zones to the surface of the crypt. The fine structural appearance of the fibroblast changes during the migration from that of an undifferentiated cell at the lower part of the crypt to that of a mature fibrocyte engaged in protein synthesis at the upper part of the crypt. The change in functional appearance is correlated with the appearance of a wide collagen table under the surface epithelium. The shingling of the fibroblasts creates a complete sheath around the lower portion of each crypt. This cellular sheath is fenestrated under the free surface where only delicate, stellate processes of the fibrocytes maintain close contact with the epithelial basal lamina. The fenestrated appearance of the pericryptal fibrocyte processes in the zone of cellular differentiation, which subtends the fully differentiated absorptive epithelium, may shed some light on the nature of the epithelial basal complex and the role of the pericryptal sheath and the collagen table in fluid transport across colonic mucosa. The constant maintenance of intimate fibroblast-epithelial contact throughout the crypt is additional reason to suppose that a well ordered system of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction is involved in normal structure, renewal, and function of colonic mucosa.
Integrative Stakeholder Engagement: Stakeholder-Oriented Partnership Between the Coca-Cola Company and World Wildlife Fund

Stakeholder engagement lies at the core of stakeholder theory even though management scholars have not researched engagement thoroughly relative to other aspects of stakeholder theory. In fact, practicing managers, not academics, have led exploration of and innovation in stakeholder engagement. This paper provides scholars with analysis of a practical integrative stakeholder engagement conducted by The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) in partnership with World Wildlife Fund (WWF). This case is unique in that the analyzed integrative stakeholder engagement was both extremely successful and sustainable by going beyond the original partners and spreading among stakeholders across the entire value chain and beyond. Triggered by community concerns in India, TCCC’s best practices in engaging multiple stakeholders to preserve freshwater spread across all continents and went on to be adopted by other companies and their stakeholders which were outside of TCCC’s direct reach. The analyzed case is also valuable in showing that TCCC, though enjoying the leading position in its industry and having considerable influence over its value chain, chose to engage stakeholders in its freshwater conservation initiative through a collaborative, dialogue-based process, demonstrating a stakeholder mindset both on the part of the company and multiple stakeholders.
Determining work partitioning on closely coupled heterogeneous computing systems using statistical design of experiments

In a closely coupled heterogeneous computing system the work is shared amongst all available computing resources. One challenge is to find an optimal division of work between the two or more very different kinds of processing units, each with their own optimal settings. We show that through the use of statistical techniques, a systematic search of the parameter space can be conducted. These techniques can be applied to variables that are categorical or continuous in nature and do not rely on the standard assumptions of linear models, mainly that the response variable can be described as a linear combination of the regression coefficients. Our search technique, when applied to the HPL benchmark, resulted in a performance gain of 14.5% over previously reported results.
Introduction to Special Series: Parent Voice in Educational Decision Making for Students With Learning Disabilities:

In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a brief discussion of (a) challenges gleaned from the literature on school–parent collaboration and (b) our rationale for including and highlig...
Reproductive Life Events of Twins with Opposite Sex

Introduction: It is hypothesized that androgens are transferred between fetuses across membranes, and have shown that female fetuses in female-male twin pairs have higher concentrations of serum testosterone than female fetuses in female-female pairs. The question is whether or not this hormonal transfer has any impact on adult reproductive life events. Objective: The study objective was to test the hypothesis that females from female-female twins and females from female-male twins differ with respect to reproductive life events. Design and method: We conducted a cross sectional study using volunteer female twins aged 15 and above from two settings of Malaysian and Iranian twin registries. Result: Female-female twins had a higher frequency of congenital abnormality and hirsutism than male-female twins. Other reproductive events were not found to be statistically significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Our study was distinctive in comparing specific reproductive events among females from female-male twins compared with female-female twins. Our results indicates that hormonal transition from male to female in a female-male gestation cannot be a valid explanation for reproductive ill health during adulthood.
Analyses of the Complexity of Patients Undergoing Attended Polysomnography in the Era of Home Sleep Apnea Tests.

Study Objectives:Health care complexity includes dimensions of patient comorbidity and the level of services needed to meet patient demands. Home sleep apnea tests (HSAT) are increasingly used to t...
Complications associated with sedative and neuromuscular blocking drugs in critically ill patients.

Sedative and neuromuscular blocking (NMB) drugs may be life-saving when given to intensive care unit (ICU) patients with certain medical conditions. Because of this, their use has increased recently. Sedative and NMB drugs are administered often to patients with severe concurrent organ dysfunction; however, there is increased recognition of unexpected complications associated with the prolonged administration of these drugs. An understanding of the potential side effects is crucial if sedative and NMB drugs are used to manage patients in the ICU.
Joint Algorithm Developing and System-Level Design: Case Study on Video Encoding

System-Level Design Environments (SLDEs) are often utilized for tackling the design complexity of modern embedded systems. SLDEs typically start with a specification capturing core algorithms. Algorithm development itself largely occurs in Algorithm Design Environments (ADE) with little or no hardware concern. Currently, algorithm and system design environments are disjoint; system level specifications are manually implemented which leads to the specification gap.
The Sec7 Family of Arf Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Arf GEFs are all multidomain proteins that likely integrate upstream signals with the downstream effects of GTPase activation. The presence of a highly conserved domain, the Sec7 domain, allows prediction of the number of Arf GEFs in multiple organisms and phylogenetic analyses. The profound effects of brefeldin A on membrane systems in eukaryotic cells demonstrate that its targets, the Arf GEFs, are central regulators of organelle structure and function. Ultrastructural analyses, particularly those coupled to genetic studies in S. cerevisiae, offer new insights into the roles of Arf GEFs in membrane dynamics and protein transport.
Soil Biota, Soil Systems, and Processes

Soil biodiversity is an intriguing facet of global biodiversity. There are many phyla, including three “domains” within soils, which are largely unseen. The soil biota makes use of the uniquely diverse physicochemical complexity of soils, which is an intersection of mineral, organic, aquatic, and aerial habitats. By linking several organismal groups to major processes in global biogeochemistry, it is now possible to appreciate the wide array and diverse nature of soil organism functions in the biosphere.
Orbit Averaging and Subcycling in Particle Simulation of Plasmas

Publisher Summary Plasma physics phenomena occur over an enormous range of space and time scales. The motion of charged particles in inhomogeneous and time varying electric and magnetic fields with collisions and collective effects is very complicated. Plasma contains a multitude of distinct time and space scales that span many orders of magnitude. An example is illustrated with a range of four orders of magnitude in spatial scales and a range of 6–12 orders of magnitude in time scales. This makes realistic simulation of time-dependent plasma phenomena generally very difficult. This chapter presents the particle simulation methods to resolve disparate time scales. These methods complement the implicit particle simulation methods described—the implicit moment method and the direct implicit method. The chapter also discusses two multiple-timescale methods that are electron subcycling and orbit averaging. Both achieve significant gains in efficiency over traditional particle simulation approaches for appropriate applications.
Effects of Intrinsic Flexibility on Adsorption Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks at Dilute and Nondilute Loadings.

Molecular simulation of adsorption in nanoporous materials has become a valuable complement to experimental studies of these materials. In almost all cases, these simulations treat the adsorbing ma...
The power of the “Stockpile”: American aid and China’s Wartime everyday

This article argues that American and British narratives about the existence of a “stockpile” of Chinese goods had a powerful impact on US-China relations, China’s war effort, and China’s wartime e...
A left coast ‘thin green line’? Determinants of public attitudes toward fossil fuel export in the Northwestern United States

Abstract In the wake of the shale revolution and with continuing coal plant retirements, United States energy companies and fossils-rich states are increasingly seeking outlets to sell oil, gas, and coal overseas. Deepwater ports in the Pacific Northwest region are attractive for their proximity to Western energy fields, yet substantial opposition has emerged in response to proposals to expand export infrastructure in this region. We examine public response to oil, natural gas, and coal export using results of a 2018 survey (n = 960) fielded in Washington State. Results indicate that respondents were overall more opposed than supportive of expanding fossil fuels export, though there was more support for natural gas export than coal or oil. Respondents thought transporting oil by ship and natural gas and oil by railroad was risky, and they were most concerned about potential impacts to wildlife and fish habitat, water quality, and the global climate. We examined individual and contextual independent variables in regression models, and find that respondents who were male, politically conservative, didn’t think humans were causing global warming, and were more familiar with energy export were more supportive. Furthermore, living in eastern Washington, near a railroad, and near export facilities was related to higher support.
So Much More than SQ3R: A Life History of Francis P. Robinson.

This manuscript is an examination of a life well lived with the professional contributions of a leader who served across the fields of educational psychology, counseling, and literacy. Francis P. R...
Anisotropic and viscoelastic tensile mechanical properties of aponeurosis: Experimentation, modeling, and tissue microstructure

Abstract Aponeuroses are stiff sheath-like components of the muscle-tendon unit that play a vital role in force transmission and thus locomotion. There is clear importance of the aponeurosis in musculoskeletal function, but there have been relatively few studies of aponeurosis material properties to date. The goals of this work were to: 1) perform tensile stress-relaxation tests, 2) perform planar biaxial tests, 3) employ computational modeling to the data from 1 to 2, and 4) perform scanning electron microscopy to determine collagen fibril organization for aponeurosis tissue. Viscoelastic modeling and statistical analysis of stress-relaxation data showed that while relaxation rate differed statistically between strain levels (p = 0.044), functionally the relaxation behavior was nearly the same. Biaxial testing and associated modeling highlighted the nonlinear (toe region of ~2–3% strain) and anisotropic (longitudinal direction linear modulus ~50 MPa, transverse ~2.5 MPa) tensile mechanical behavior of aponeurosis tissue. Comparisons of various constitutive formulations showed that a transversely isotropic Ogden approach balanced strong fitting (goodness of fit 0.984) with a limited number of parameters (five), while damage modeling parameters were also provided. Scanning electron microscopy showed a composite structure of highly aligned, partially wavy collagen fibrils with more random collagen cables for aponeurosis microstructure. Future work to expand microstructural analysis and use these data to inform computational modeling would benefit this work and the field.
Self-Reported Barriers to Healthcare and Interpreter Preferences for Patients with Limited-English-Proficiency in an Urban Emergency Department

Introduction: In the United States, limited English proficient (LEP) patients often use emergency departments (ED) as their primary source of healthcare. Beyond language barriers, little is known about what other barriers LEP patients face to utilizing emergency care. The authors attempted to identify other barriers as well as gather data regarding patient preference for interpretation modality. Methods: A survey was administered to LEP patients at an urban, academic ED from June 2016 to September 2018. Participants rated 17 predetermined barriers and reported preferred interpretation modality. Results: The study population included 87 LEP participants from 13 countries, speaking 8 primary languages. The most common barriers “of high concern” were “paying the bill” (n=19), “wait time” (n=18), and “belief that professional care probably would not help” (n=15). A majority of participants (n=60, 61%) preferred in-person professional interpreters to other forms of interpretation. Conclusions: Addressing these specific barriers may improve access and utilization of emergency care for LEP patients. In-person professional interpreters should be utilized whenever possible.
Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film: BY KWOK-KAN TAM, PUBLISHED BY NOVUS PRESS, 2019

I highly recommend Kwok-kan Tam’s excellent monograph, titled Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film, as an essential text book for undergra...
Heloderma (Helodermatidae; Squamata) from the Apache Local Fauna, Pleistocene, Southwestern Oklahoma

Paleontological occurrences of helodermatid lizards (Helodermatidae) are relatively uncommon and scattered in the North American fossil record. A recently discovered concentration of vertebrate fossils was exposed in a karstic fissure filling in an active rock quarry in southwestern Oklahoma. Underwater screening of the ancient cave fill yielded numerous isolated and fragmentary skeletal elements of a diversity of small, and a few large, vertebrates including unexpected remains of Heloderma sp. as well as extinct large mammals (horse, peccary, Dwarf Pronghorn), indicating Pleistocene age. Radiometric dating of the locality is not possible because of the leaching, but fossils of the Prairie Vole, Microtus ochrogaster, from the locality help to constrain the age of the deposit between 1.21 Ma and 0.01 Ma. The fossils are the first of Heloderma in the Pleistocene of Oklahoma and the southern Great Plains. Based on taphonomic evidence and the relative abundance of rodent teeth, we infer that the fossils accumulated at least partly as the remains of vertebrates fed upon by Ringtails (Bassariscus; Procyonidae) and other small carnivorous mammals. The Pleistocene occurrence of Heloderma in the southern Great Plains of North American has potential implications for the paleobiogeography of the genus and begs further investigation of fossil herpetofaunas in North America.
Same-day mifepristone prior to second-trimester induction termination with misoprostol: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether same-day administration of mifepristone and misoprostol, compared with misoprostol alone, reduces the duration of second-trimester induction of labor for termination of pregnancy or increases the rate of fetal expulsion within 24 hours. Study Design We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing induction of labor for pregnancy termination in the second trimester between 2009 and 2018. We compared patients who received mifepristone on the same day as the first dose of misoprostol to those who received misoprostol alone. The primary outcome was expulsion within 24 hours after the first dose of misoprostol. Results Two hundred ninety-eight patients met criteria for inclusion, of whom 94 (31.5%) received same-day mifepristone. Expulsion within 24 hours occurred in 93.6% of the mifepristone-plus-misoprostol group and 79.9% of the misoprostol-only group (RR 1.17, 95%CI 1.07−1.28). Expulsion within 12 hours occurred in 56.4% of the mifepristone-plus-misoprostol group and 34.0% of the misoprostol-only group (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.28−2.16). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, the rate of expulsion within 24 hours was similar between groups (RR 1.07, 95%CI 0.92−1.26), while the rate of expulsion within 12 hours remained different (RR 1.69, 95%CI 1.01−2.83). Median time to expulsion was shorter in the mifepristone-plus-misoprostol group than the misoprostol-only group (689 minutes vs 901 minutes, p Conclusion(s) Patients who received mifepristone on the same day as misoprostol had a shorter duration of induction termination and higher rate of success within 12 hours.