cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental heterogeneity of perceived social support among former foster youth

Abstract Research suggests that social support influences a number of important young adult outcomes. Unlike other youth, however, foster youths' ties to their families, peers, and communities may be attenuated by the experiences of maltreatment, removal from home, and disrupted foster care placements. To address these challenges, public child welfare agencies have implemented a number of policy and practice reforms. In many ways, however, these efforts have not been well-informed by empirical research. A better understanding of how social support develops during this crucial stage of life could help to inform the formulation and targeting of interventions designed to facilitate social connections and support among foster youth. Based on data from a longitudinal panel survey of foster youth in three Midwestern states, the current study attempts to elucidate the nature of social support development among former foster by using a combination of descriptive and person-centered analyses. Results suggest several important features of social support development among this population. For example, differences in social support appear to be amplified and distilled during emerging adulthood. Together, the results suggest that efforts intended to assess and fortify social connections and support should start well before emancipation and continue well into young adulthood.
Targeted Use of Perennial Grass Biomass Crops in and Around Annual Crop Production Fields to Improve Soil Health

Perennial vegetation can provide a high degree of many ecosystem services in an annual cropping system landscape. Many of the processes underpinning these services lead to improved soil health, which then further enhances ecosystem services. There is considerable interest in harvesting perennial grasses planted in and around annual crops to serve as feedstocks for bioenergy and bioproducts, but little evidence exists about how configuration of perennials crops, and their management, influences their ability to provide ecosystem services. Decision support tools are being developed that will allow land managers and policymakers to assess tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services under alternative configuration and management of perennial vegetation grown in and around annual crops for biomass yield and improved soil health.
Factors associated with risk of central nervous system relapse in patients with non-core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia.

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is uncommon in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the use of high-dose cytarabine containing chemotherapy regimens. The clinical and molecular features associated with a higher risk of CNS relapse are not well defined. We assessed the incidence and outcome of CNS relapses among 1245 patients with relapsed/refractory AML referred to our institution between 2000 and 2014. CNS leukemia relapse was observed in 51 patients (4.1%). Using a multivariate regression model and after adjusting for age, FLT3-ITD mutation (OR=2.33; p=0.02) and elevated LDH (>1000 IU/L, OR=1.99; p=0.04) were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse. Patients under 64 years of age with 0, 1, or 2 baseline adverse features had a probability of 3.8%, 7.0-8.0%, and 13.9% for developing CNS disease, respectively. Our study identifies patients with AML at higher risk for CNS relapse in whom prophylactic CNS therapy may be warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Linear EBUS-guided fiducial marker placement to guide radiotherapy for endobronchial, radiographically occult synchronous primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Radiation therapy has emerged as a useful alternative therapy for patients with early-stage, non-resectable lung cancer. In patients whose malignancies are difficult to localize on computed tomography imaging, such therapy becomes difficult. Fiducial markers are frequently placed in peripheral pulmonary lesions to assist radiation therapy. Although placement of markers under linear endobronchial ultrasonography within mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes has been reported, no strategy has been described to assist radiotherapy of purely endobronchial tumors. We present a case of bilateral, unresectable, radiographically occult endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy guided by fiducial markers placed under linear endobronchial ultrasonographic guidance. The patient subsequently underwent intensity-modified radiation therapy to both lesions with pathologic complete response. Linear endobronchial ultrasound is a promising tool for placement of markers to guide radiation therapy of these difficult-to-treat lesions.
Examining Library and Information Science Course Design in Context of New Graduate Professional Placements

ABSTRACTThis article explores levels of recruitment in technical services across all types of libraries from 1997 to 2016. The quantitative data for this article comes from annual Library Journal placement and salary studies. Data specific to type of position has been included in the study since 1997 with a shift in reporting type in 2015. Specific job categories in cataloging, acquisitions, collection development and information technology are extracted and analyzed to identify long term trends. This data is considered in light of core instruction requirements in information organization. The overarching question of this article is how Library and Information Science instruction in information organization and information technology aligns with real work job placement for new professionals.
Satellite Transcripts Locally Promote Centromere Formation.

Centromeric transcription is a common eukaryotic centromere feature, yet it is unclear how transcription is linked to underlying repetitive satellite sequences. In this issue of Developmental Cell, McNulty et al. (2017) show for human centromeres that all α-satellite sequences are transcribed into chromatin-bound RNAs and are required for centromere assembly.
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasound: Advanced Techniques and Image Interpretation

Neonatal cranial ultrasound has become an essential part of the routine care of neonates. Ultrasound is noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, and can be performed at the bedside. Addition of advanced ultrasound techniques such as use of high-frequency linear transducers, additional acoustic windows, and color and pulsed wave Doppler can significantly improve image quality and diagnostic accuracy of cranial ultrasound. This review will focus on these techniques and their application in the detection of central nervous system pathology in the high-risk preterm and term neonates.
Mobile Iris Recognition via Fusing Different Kinds of Features

Iris recognition is widely accepted in different kinds of applications. When it comes to mobile iris recognition, the task is quite challenging because of the low quality of iris images. To solve this problem, we propose a mobile iris recognition algorithm based on fusing features and Joint Bayesian. The iris feature representations are extracted by 2D Gabor and Ordinal Measures. Then these feature representations are fused by Joint Bayesian and the similarity of two iris images is measured by log-likelihood ratio. The experiments are conducted on MIR-Train database and a self-established low-quality iris image database (LQIID). The proposed method achieves EER at 1.2% on MIR-Train database and 0.8% on LQIID. These experiments support the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Low Power Spatial Localization of Mobile Sensors with Recurrent Neural Network

This work proposes a novel low power/area digital architecture for a Linear Program (LP) solver based on a recurrent (non-linear feedback) Neural Network (RNN), which is applied for spatial localization of sensors. Training data is not needed in our approach. We solve the primal and dual optimization problems for spatial localization with a single multi-functional data path which does not require matrix inversions. FPGA and ASIC implementations are presented which target a sensor (microrobot) localization problem in 2D using angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements. The results show that the estimated locations (2D coordinates) are very close to the ground truth values in all tested scenarios. The proposed RNN has input and output layers, and a hidden layer with four neurons. FPGA implementation of the localizer in 180 nm process dissipates 180 mW of power at 1.5V and 31.25 MHz. When scaled to 128 neurons the performance is 13 Mop/sec/W for the same FPGA technology. The design has been also simulated in an ASIC 45 nm (PDK45 1V VDD) standard cell technology. With 128 neurons in the hidden layer the ASIC consumes 196.9 mW power at 516 MHz, which is equivalent to 677.165 Mop/sec/W.
Photoperiodic Programming of the SCN and Its Role in Photoperiodic Output.

Though the seasonal response of organisms to changing day lengths is a phenomenon that has been scientifically reported for nearly a century, significant questions remain about how photoperiod is encoded and effected neurobiologically. In mammals, early work identified the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), as a tentative encoder of photoperiodic information. Here, we provide an overview of research on the SCN as a coordinator of photoperiodic responses, the intercellular coupling changes that accompany that coordination, as well as the SCN’s role in a putative brain network controlling photoperiodic input and output. Lastly, we discuss the importance of photoperiodic research in the context of tangible benefits to human health that have been realized through this research as well as challenges that remain.
Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Moving the Centre and Its relevance to Afrocentricity

Ngugi wa Thiong'o, the well-known Kenyan novelist, dramatist, and essayist, has examined the relationship between literary craft and the sociopolitical issues facing contemporary Africa in its relationship to the West. Moving the Centre: The Strugglefor Cultural Freedoms (1993) is composed of selections drawn from lectures, speeches, and publications from 1980 to 1992. The collection is divided into four sections, the first three addressing cultural disengagement from Eurocentrism, colonial legacies, and racism. The final section, "Matigari: Dreams and Nightmares," recalls Ngugi's Yale University experience and a visit to Tanzania in 1987. Certain essays in Moving the Centre were originally published in African American journals. "The Writer in a Neo-colonial State" was published in the Black Scholar and "Many Years Walk to Freedom: Welcome Home Mandela!" in the popular African American magazine Emerge in 1990. The signature essay of the collection was originally published in the Journal of Commonwealth Literature (Ngugi, 1991). The retrospective nature of Moving the Centre has prompted responses concerning the currency of Ngugi's thought and the development of his ideas in the post-Cold War era. One such response by Boehmer (1993) in an edition of Wasafiri takes Ngugi to task for dated political arguments.
Shape -based human actions recognition in videos

The paper presents a system for human action recognition using contour based shape representation. With the rapid progress of computing and communication technology smart user computer interfaces are becoming most widespread. A major goal is to go further than traditional human computer interaction (like mouse or keyboard) and to find more natural means of interaction with computers, including the application of computer games and surveillance. The objective of this work is to achieve representation eigenspace for modeling and classifying actions performed by individuals. Eigenspace is the subspace for each type of action. A representation eigenspace approach based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to train the classifier. Behaviors are classified with respect to a predefined set of learning actions. The key points of this approach include the mode silhouettes are extracted from video, the kind of shape descriptor used, the development of the new eigenspace and the kind of classification used. Performance of the system is expressed in terms of percentage of right or wrong classifications.
Differential and Integrodifferential Equations

There are strong connections between the theory of integral equations and the theory of differential equations. Although there are many ways to illustrate, analyze, and interpret these connections, we can only discuss a few of them in this chapter.
SciApps: a Bioinformatics Workflow Platform Powered by XSEDE and CyVerse

SciApps, a lightweight bioinformatics workflow system powered by the CyVerse infrastructure, uses the Agave Science API to manage the entire cycle of analysis jobs between XSEDE HPC and the CyVerse Data Store. SciApps provides a graphical user interface for job submission, workflow creation, and management of both jobs and workflows. Each reproducible workflow, along with all inputs and results, is retrievable with a unique ID.
Real-time estimation of growth rate and surface roughness in thin film growth using kinetic monte-carlo models

Abstract In this work, we present an approach for real-time estimation of surface roughness and growth rate in thin film growth using kinetic Monte-Carlo (MC) models. We use a multiscale model to describe the dynamics of gas phase and the evolution of film micro-structure of a thin film growth process in a stagnation flow geometry. A roughness and growth rate estimator is constructed that allows computing estimates of the surface roughness and growth rate at a time-scale comparable to the real-time evolution of the process. The estimator involves a kinetic MC simulator using multiple reduced-order lattice models, adaptive filters used to reduce stochastic fluctuations of the reduced-order lattice MC simulator outputs and measurement error compensators used to reduce the errors between the estimates and the measurements. The proposed estimator can be used within a real-time feedback control system to improve the control performance by providing estimates of surface roughness and growth rate at time instants in which the measurements of these variables are not available.
Parental Perceptions of the Authority of Public Child Welfare Caseworkers

Few efforts have been made to understand the experiences of “involuntary clients” who become involved in child protective services. Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 13 parents re...
Total Wrist Arthroplasty for Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures

There is no consensus as to the most appropriate treatment of distal radius fractures in older patients, particularly when the fractures are comminuted and intra-articular patients with poor bone quality. Oftentimes, these fractures are considered non-reconstructable fractures. Total wrist arthroplasty has evolved as a viable treatment for reconstruction of the wrist. Applying principles that have been successful in the hip, shoulder, and elbow replacements, some surgeons have started managing complex, intra-articular distal radius fractures in older patients with poor bone quality with arthroplasties, either distal radial hemiarthroplasties or total wrist arthroplasties. All of the current evidence pertaining to the use of wrist arthroplasty for the management of fractures is level IV evidence, most of which comes out of Europe where implants that are necessarily available in all countries are available. The majority of the available evidence is on the use of distal radial hemiarthroplasties. The current evidence suggests that hemiarthroplasty is a viable treatment option in select patients, though in general, the ultimate flexion-extension arc of motion obtained is less than that obtained by other available treatments, such as simple closed reduction and casting. Total wrist arthroplasty may have better outcomes, though the evidence is limited to only a couple of cases. Ultimately, a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing total wrist arthroplasty to other treatment options for comminuted distal radius fractures in older patients is needed. Total wrist arthroplasty may expedite patients’ return to their previous level of function.
Waldo R. Tobler (1930–2018)

Waldo Tobler died on 20 February 2018, after a distinguished career as a mathematical geographer and numerous awards for innovative contributions to geographical analysis and cartographic theory, i...
Study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of duloxetine for the treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal pain: altering the transition from acute to chronic pain (ATTAC pain).

Introduction Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects a substantial portion of adults visiting the emergency department (ED). Current treatment is limited in scope and does not effectively reduce musculoskeletal pain in patients. The study will evaluate the use of duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of chronic pain, as a promising option in its prevention. The proposed study may present a well-tolerated and effective non-opioid treatment for patients with acute musculoskeletal pain that may also be effective in preventing the transition to persistent or chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods and analysis The primary outcome of this study will be to assess the tolerability and preliminary effectiveness of duloxetine in patients with acute musculoskeletal pain. The study will take place at two EDs in Rhode Island, USA. The study will involve randomisation to one of three arms: duloxetine 30 mg, duloxetine 60 mg or placebo. Tolerability will be assessed by comparing the proportion of participants that report an adverse event and that drop-out across the three study arms. Effectiveness will be determined by self-reported pain over 6 weeks of follow-up. Specifically, we will compare the proportion of participants with persistent pain (ongoing pain at 6-week follow-up), across the three study arms. 60 adults (aged 18–59) presenting to the ED with acute axial musculoskeletal pain within 7 days of onset are expected to be enrolled in the proposed study. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). These results will be published in a peer reviewed scientific journal and presented at one or more scientific conferences. Trial registration number NCT03315533.
Adenine Methylation in Drosophila Is Associated with the Tissue-Specific Expression of Developmental and Regulatory Genes

N6-methyladenine (6mA or m6dA) is a DNA modification that has long been known to play an important role in a variety of biological functions in prokaryotes. This modification has only recently been described in eukaryotes, where it seems to have evolved species-specific functions ranging from nucleosome positioning to transposon repression. In Drosophila, 6mA has been shown to be important for enforcing the tissue specificity of neuronal genes in the brain and suppressing transposable element expression in the ovaries. In this study, we have analyzed the raw signal data from nanopore sequencing to identify 6mA positions in the D. melanogaster genome at single-base resolution. We find that this modification is enriched upstream from transcription start sites, within the introns and 3' UTRs of genes, as well as in simple repeats. These 6mA positions are enriched for sequence motifs that are recognized by known transcriptional activators involved in development, such as Bicoid and Caudal, and the genes that carry this modification are enriched for functions involved in development, regulation of transcription, and neuronal activity. These genes show high expression specificity in a variety of tissues besides the brain, suggesting that this modification may play a more general role in enforcing the specificity of gene expression across many tissues, throughout development, and between the sexes.
A queer futurity autofantasía: contouring discourses of Latinx through memory and queer youth literature

ABSTRACTThis communication-centered performance studies analysis forefronts Latinx positionality in three key childhood moments to offer examples of queer futurity. An autofantasia presented throug...
Some Thoughts on Inhomogeneous Distribution of Fillers in Composites

The inhomogeneously distributed fillers in a composite are discussed in view of modeling of the overall properties of the composite. First, the inhomogeneous distribution of fillers is examined in its relation to fractal and percolating clusters. Then, an attempt is made to propose two parameters which can better characterize the morphology of the inhomogeneous distribution of fillers; i.e., the inhomogeneous distribution parameter ξ and the radius of gyration of the sites belonging to the clusters Rs. Finally, the methods of modeling are suggested for several cases of the inhomogeneous distribution of fillers.
Heat transfer in human hair

Objective In the process of daily grooming, human hair often undergoes heat treatments. These treatments create temperature gradients inside individual hair fibres or bundles of hair which can lead to hair damage. Methods Mathematical models were built for heat transfer in a single hair as well as thin tresses of hair during blow drying. Results Mathematical analysis led to temperature profiles suggestive of fast transfer of heat in a single hair mainly through conduction. However, in a hair assembly, the process involved both conduction and convection leading to a slower rate of heat transfer. Penetration of heat to the centre of the hair assembly took minutes rather than seconds. Conclusion This model is useful in understanding hair damage potential in styling hair with high temperature devices such as flat irons and processes which involve deforming hair at relatively high temperatures.
Understanding biologicalisation of the snake-skin inspired textures through additive manufacturing for mechanical traction

Abstract This biologicalisation aimed research explores the convergence of bio-inspired design and additive manufacturing for mechanical traction. Snake-skin inspired anisotropic textures having different hierarchical designs were manufactured using a laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Laser microscopy was performed to characterize the texture while tribological measurements were performed to understand the role of texture on frictional properties for guided traction. The results showed oscillating and anisotropic frictional response dictated by the relative orientation of micro-texture with respect to the motion. The learning from this research can facilitate additive manufacturing of anti-slippery designs suitable for applications such as mechanical fixtures and components.
Playful Computer Science for Girl Scout Juniors

It is widely recognized that play is an important part of the learning process for children. There is also a nationwide gender gap in the fields of computer science and engineering. One identified reason for this gap is a lack of positive exposure to STEM activities for young girls. This paper explores workshops aimed at addressing the gender gap by leveraging playfulness. Specifically, two computer science workshops were deployed for young girls in fourth and fifth grade as part of a larger Girl Scouts of America initiative. These workshops embrace playfulness as a fundamental design constraint to ensure an early positive association with STEM concepts. Students are exposed to basic coding skills through simple robots that are programmed to play games. Survey results show that these workshops lead to a stronger interest in CS for the participants.
A vision of 6G – 5G's successor

6G represents the next generation of mobile communication and mobile networking. Following the previous five generations of mobile communication systems (from 1G to 5G), the development of the 6G m...
Two-dimensional Mapping of Bulk Residual Stress Using Cut Mouth Opening Displacement

Prior work described an approach for mapping the two-dimensional spatial distribution of biaxial residual stress in plate-like samples, the approach combining multiple slitting measurements with elastic stress analysis. This paper extends the prior work by applying a new variation of the slitting method that uses measurements of cut mouth opening displacement (CMOD) rather than back-face strain (BFS). First, CMOD slitting is validated using an experiment where: BFS and CMOD are measured simultaneously on the same sample during incremental slitting; two residual stress profiles are computed, one from the BFS data and a second from the CMOD data; and the two residual stress profiles are compared. Following validation, multiple adjacent CMOD slitting measurements are used to construct two-dimensional maps of residual stress in plates cut from quenched aluminum. The two residual stress versus depth profiles, each computed separately from BFS or CMOD data, are in agreement, with compression near the plate boundaries (-150 MPa) and tension near the plate center (100 MPa); differences between the two stress profiles have a maximum of 25 MPa and a RMS of 7.2 MPa. Repeated biaxial residual stress mapping measurements show the CMOD technique is repeatable, and complementary contour method measurements show the mappings are valid. Aspects of CMOD and BFS deformations during slitting are also described and show they are generally complementary but that CMOD slitting is favorable in narrow samples.
Managing Without Growth: Slower by Design, Not Disaster

Contents: Preface Prologue 1. The Idea of Economic Growth 2. Why Manage Without Growth? 3. Systems, Information and Prices 4. Limits to Growth - Sources 5. Limits to Growth - Sinks and Services 6. Limits to Growth - Synthesis 7. Scale, Composition and Technology 8. Economic Growth and Happiness 9. The Disappointments of Economic Growth 10. Managing Without Growth in Canada: Exploring the Possibilities 11. Policies for Managing Without Growth References Index
Spatial‐Process Estimates as Smoothers

Spatial statistics has a diverse range of applications and refers to the class of models and methods for data collected over a region. This region might be a mineral field for a geologist, a quadrat in a forest for an ecologist or a geographic region for an environmental scientist. A typical problem is to predict values of a measurement at places where it is not observed, or, if the measurements are observed with error, to estimate a smooth spatial process ( i.e. a surface) from the data. A family of techniques, known loosely as kriging, were originally developed in geostatistics and are now being widely used for spatial prediction. In this chapter we will also use the term spatial process estimates to describe these techniques. The goals of kriging sound very much like nonparametric regression and the understanding of spatial estimates can be enriched through their interpretation as smoothing estimates. In the other direction, the random process model that is at the heart of spatial methods is also valuable in setting uncertainty estimates for function estimates especially in low noise situations. Lying between standard methods such as kernel smoothing and Kriging are smoothing splines. Because splines have a foot in both of these camps, they aid in understanding the common structure in these approaches. This chapter will present spatial process estimates and smoothing splines in a common form as least squares, ridge regression estimates. This leads to an interpretation for both of these estimates as a particular kind of orthogonal series estimate. The orthogonal series representation is a basis for efficient formulas for cross-validation and simulation and also suggests approximate estimators for large data sets. There are good surveys of spatial estimates (e.g. Cressie 1991) and in fact the connection between spatial process models and splines has enjoyed much attention, most recently by Kent and Mardia (1994), and some lively debate (Cressie 1990 and Wahba 1990b). So why is another chapter on this subject needed? Most treatments of Kriging do not emphasize the fact that the form of the predictions are a linear combination of basis functions prescribed by the covariance function. The coefficients for this representation are linear functions of the data found by a specific ridge regression. This form makes it easy to see how the Kriging estimator behaves as a smoother and illustrates how important parameters of the covariance function
Theoretical studies on the electronic structures of and its metal salts: M2UO2(CO3)2 (M = Li+ and Na+)

Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out on the structure and bonding characteristics of and M2UO2(CO3)2 (M = Li+ and Na+) both in the gas phase and in solution using coupled cluster doubles (CCD), Moller–Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and density functional (DFT) theory. The calculated structure and vibrational spectra have been compared with the available experimental data. The nature of the bonding in these species is discussed.
Placental transfer of mercuric nitrate and methyl mercury in the rat.

Abstract Inorganic mercury tracer, 197 Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , and organic mercury tracer, CH 3 , 203 HgCl, were given to 15- and 20-day pregnant rats. The tissues investigated from 16 pregnant rats were decidua, yolk sac, placenta, and fetus. Tissues were taken as soon as 5 minutes after an intravenous maternal injection, as late as 120 hours for the 15-day-pregnant rats and as late as 24 hours for the 20-day-pregnant rats. The two mercury tracers were given simultaneously, and the percentages of the injected doses in the tissues were determined by gamma counting. Fetal uptake of methyl mercury was greater than that of mercuric nitrate at both 15 and 20 day's gestation. Decidual tissue showed a comparatively low and constant uptake of both mercury tracers, while the percentage uptake of inorganic mercury by the yolk sac was higher than for methyl mercury.
Hemoglobin C associated with protection from severe malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African population with a low prevalence of hemoglobin S

￻￻ The malaria hypothesis proposes a survival advantage for individuals with hemoglobin variants in areas of endemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Hemoglobin C (HbC) is a possible example in West Africa, where this hemoglobin has a centric distribution with high frequencies among certain populations including the Dogon ethnic group. To test whether HbC is associated with protection from malaria, we performed a case-control study in the Dogon of Bandiagara, Mali. HbC was present in 68 of 391 (17.4%) of uncomplicated malaria control cases, whereas it was detected in only 3 of 67 cases (4.5%) of severe malaria (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; P 5 .01). Further, HbC was present in only 1 of 34 cases (2.9%) with cerebral manifestations, the most common presentation of severe malaria in this population (OR, 0.14; P 5 .03). Episodes of uncomplicated malaria and parasitemias (4800205 050/mL) were identified in cases of homozygous HbC (HbCC), which indicates that P falciparum parasites are able to efficiently replicate within HbCC erythrocytes in vivo. These findings suggest that HbC does not protect against infection or uncomplicated malaria but can protect against severe malaria in the Dogon population of Bandiagara, Mali. The data also suggest that the protective effect associated with HbC may be greater than that of HbS in this population. (Blood. 2000;96:2358-2363)
Genomic instability establishes dependencies on acquired gene regulatory networks: A novel role of p62 in myeloid malignancies with del(5q).

MiR-146a deletion is a driving molecular event in del(5q) myeloid malignancies, which acquire dependency on a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulatory network. p62, a neighboring haploid 5q gene, is induced by NF-κB and required to sustain TRAF6-mediated NF-κB activation. Interfering with p62/TRAF6 binding may have a therapeutic benefit in miR-146a–deficient leukemic cells.
A computational geometry approach to simplicial Nyquist maps in robust stability

In this paper we use combinatorial and computational geometry techniques to make the simplicial approximation theorem a computational, rather than conceptual, tool to check robust stability for systems that are not in Kharitonov's class. A simplicial program was developed with a O(n log n) time complexity, where n is the cardinality of the vertex set of points mapped to the complex plane, using the Nyquist map f.
A Review of “City Building: Nine Planning Principles for the Twenty-First Century”

In City Building: Nine Planning Principles for the Twenty-First Century, Kriken asks whether we are prepared for what may well be known as the age of urbanism. His answer is a sobering no, and he i...
Unusual morphologic changes in the liver in a case of acute hepatic failure.

Summary A case of acute hepatic failure in which morphologic studies revealed a co-existing viral hepatitis and reticulum cell sarcoma has been presented. The diagnosis was established, following a careful survey of the autopsy material, as the result of an effort to explain the nature of the jaundice. Obviously, no conclusions can be drawn as to the relationship between the viral hepatitis and coexisting reticulum cell sarcoma; nor has the enigma as to the etiology of the lymphoblastoma been answered. It is hoped that this presentation may give others cause not only to consider the possibility clinically, but to evaluate their necropsy material for similar findings.
Transduction by Bacteriophage P22 in Nonsmooth Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium

The general transducing phage P22 attacks only smooth (S) Salmonella with O antigen 12, determined by the oligosaccharide repeating unit constituting the distal part of the somatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) side chain; non-S mutants, whose LPS contain few or no O repeating units, appear to be resistant. Auxotrophic non-S mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were tested as transductional recipients. Some transductants (0.5 to 5% as many as from S recipients) were obtained from most semirough recipients, either of class D (presumed leaky rouA mutants) or of a class due to mutation near his (presumed leaky rouB mutants), and from recipients lacking uridine diphosphogalactose epimerase or phosphomannose isomerase. Transductants were not obtained from several rouA, rouB, “heptose-negative,” and glucose-1-transferase mutants, nor from most semirough class C mutants, whose LPS side chains each bear a single O oligosaccharide unit. Most transductants evoked from non-S recipients by temperate (c+) phage P22 were nonlysogenic, and virulent P22.c2 phage was about as effective as P22.c+ in transduction to non-S recipients; probably all P22 transducing particles neither lysogenize nor kill. The extended-host-range mutant P22h gave qualitatively similar results,but evoked 5- to 30-fold more transductants from some non-S recipients than did P22. Probably, the LPS of non-S mutants susceptible to transduction contains a few O-specific oligosaccharide units, conferring a slight ability to adsorb P22 and a greater ability to adsorb P22h.
Observation of an E 0 Isomeric Transition from the U 238 Shape Isomer

The existence of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ branch in the decay of the $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ shape isomer is confirmed by the observation of an $E0$ transition between the isomer and the ground state. The data are consistent with the excitation energy of 2558 keV, spin of ${0}^{+}$, and half-life of \ensuremath{\approx} 200 ns of the isomer.
Dynamics of mechanically and electrostatically coupled microcantilevers

In this paper we study the behavior of a pair of electrostatically and mechanically coupled microcantilevers. For the case of cantilevers excited by a periodic voltage, we show that the underlying linearized dynamics are governed by a pair of coupled Mathieu equations. We provide experimental evidence that confirms the validity of the mathematical model proposed, including in particular a mapping of the first order coupled parametric resonance region. The mechanical coupling coefficients are identified from experimental data, and their values are shown to match well those obtained by finite element methods.
Disruption of the homeobox gene Hoxb‐6 in mice results in increased numbers of early erythrocyte progenitors

Hox genes encode transcription factors that are required for proper development of certain tissues and for patterning of the hindbrain, the limbs, and skeleton. They are also expressed in the hematopoietic system with a preference for specific cell lineages. To determine the role of Hoxb-6 in normal hematopoiesis, mice with a targeted disruption in the Hoxb-6 gene were generated. Mature hematopoietic cell types and immune responses are normal in homozygous Hoxb-6 mutants. Clonogenic progenitor cell assays demonstrate an increased number of early erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and fetal liver of mutants, while differentiation of other cell lineages is unaffected. These results suggest that Hoxb-6 controls the generation, proliferation, or survival of erythroid progenitor cells.
Photodynamic therapy inhibits experimental allograft rejection : a novel approach for the development of vascular bioprostheses

Background Biological vascular allografts have proved unsatisfactory because of thrombosis, occlusion, and aneurysmal degeneration during chronic rejection. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that leads to the production of cytotoxic free radicals, was investigated as a novel method to prepare arterial allografts. Methods and Results Shortly after impregnation with the photosensitizer drug chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine, infrarenal aortas of ACI rats were PDT-treated and orthotopically grafted in Lewis rats (PDT). The transplanted grafts were sequentially analyzed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks by morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Of 25 untreated allografts, 4 (16%) developed aneurysms compared with 0 of 33 in PDT or untreated isografts (ISO, P<.001). PDT treatment of allografts significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia (P<.001) and resulted in intimal areas comparable to those in ISO. However, medial thickness in both control allografts and PDT grafts was markedl...
Demo: satellites in our pockets: an object positioning system using smartphones

We attempt to localize a distant object by looking at it through a smartphone. As an example use-case, while driving on a highway entering New York, we want to look at one of the skyscrapers through the smartphone camera, and compute its GPS location. While the problem would have been far more difficult five years back, the growing number of sensors on smartphones, combined with advances in computer vision, have opened up important opportunities. We harness these opportunities through a system called Object Positioning System (OPS) [1] that achieves reasonable localization accuracy. Our core technique uses computer vision to create an approximate 3D structure of the object and camera, and applies mobile phone sensors to scale and rotate the structure to its absolute configuration. Then, by solving (nonlinear) optimizations on the residual (scaling and rotation) error, we ultimately estimate the object's GPS position.We present a demonstration of OPS, a system to appear in the MobiSys 2012 main conference. The user is expected to bring the object of interest near the center of her view finder, and take as few as four photographs. GPS and compass readings are also recorded during the process. The position of the photographs can be seperated by a few steps from each other in any direction. OPS uses Structure from Motion to extract keypoints across the photographs to come up with a 3D structure, composed of the object and the camera locations. Finally, OPS minimizes errors in GPS and compass readings with help of 3D structure to converge on the object location.
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is protected in moderately iron-deficient C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Severe iron-deficiency anemia impairs cell-mediated cytotoxicity; however, the effect of milder degrees of iron deficiency on cell-mediated cytotoxicity has not been characterized. T-cytotoxicity against P815 mouse mastocytoma cells (Experiment 1) and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity against Yac-1 mouse lymphoma and S194 mouse myeloma cells (Experiment 2) were measured in spleen lymphocytes prepared from control and mildly anemic iron-deficient C57BL/6 mice. Weanling mice (n=10) were fed diets ad libitum with 48 mg iron/kg (control), 5 or 7 mg iron/kg (iron-deficient), or were pair-fed 48 mg iron/kg diet at the level consumed by iron-deficient mice (pair-fed) for 50–54 d. In Experiment 1, mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 X 10 7 P815 cells at 10 and 5 days prior to sacrifice. In Experiment 2, mice were given an injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C; 10 μg/g body weight) 24 hr prior to sacrifice to augment NK activity. Blood hemoglobin was significantly lower in iron-deficient mice (Experiment 1, 102±18 g/l; Experiment 2, 106±6 g/l) fed 5 or 7 mg iron/kg diet compared with control mice (Experiment 1, 146±10 g/l; Experiment 2, 165±8 g/l) and pair-fed mice (Experiment 1, 151±14 g/l; Experiment 2, 136±5 g/l) fed 48 mg iron/kg diet. Pair-fed mice were fed 16.8% (Experiment 1) or 16.4% (Experiment 2) less food than consumed ad libitum by control mice and had significantly lower body weight compared with control mice. In both experiments, cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes (effector cells) against target cells (P815, Yac-1, S194) was measured by a chromium-51 release assay at effector:target cell ratios (E:T) of 50, 25, and 10:1. Spleen lymphocytes from control and iron-deficient animals displayed similar levels of both T-cytotoxicity and NK cytotoxicity, while lymphocytes from pair-fed animals displayed greater levels of both types of cytotoxicity. Results of this study demonstrate that cell-mediated cytotoxicity is preserved in moderate iron deficiency accompanied by mild anemia, while it is enhanced by a modest food restriction in the absence of micronutrient deficiency.
The effect of lattice vibrations on substitutional alloy thermodynamics

A long-standing limitation of first-principles calculations of substitutional alloy phase diagrams is the difficulty in accounting for lattice vibrations. A survey of the theoretical and experimental literature seeking to quantify the effect of lattice vibrations on phase stability indicates that they can be significant. Typical vibrational entropy differences between phases are of the order of 0.1 to 0.2kB/atom, which is comparable to the typical values of configurational entropy differences in binary alloys (at most 0.693kB/atom). This article presents the basic formalism underlying ab initio phase diagram calculations, along with the generalization required to account for lattice vibrations. The authors review the various techniques allowing the theoretical calculation and the experimental determination of phonon dispersion curves and related thermodynamic quantities, such as vibrational entropy or free energy. A clear picture of the origin of vibrational entropy differences between phases in an alloy system is presented that goes beyond the traditional bond counting and volume change arguments. Vibrational entropy change can be attributed to the changes in chemical bond stiffness associated with the changes in bond length that take place during a phase transformation. This so-called “bond stiffness vs bond length” interpretation both summarizes the key phenomenon driving vibrational entropy changes and provides a practical tool to model them.
Glc7-Reg1 phosphatase signals to Yck1,2 casein kinase 1 to regulate transport activity and glucose-induced inactivation of Saccharomyces maltose permease.

The Saccharomyces casein kinase 1 isoforms encoded by the essential gene pair YCK1 and YCK2 control cell growth and morphogenesis and are linked to the endocytosis of several membrane proteins. Here we define roles for the Yck1,2 kinases in Mal61p maltose permease activation and trafficking, using a yck1Δ yck2-2ts (yckts) strain with conditional Yck activity. Moreover, we provide evidence that Glc7–Reg1 phosphatase acts as an upstream activator of Yck1,2 kinases in a novel signaling pathway that modulates kinase activity in response to carbon source availability. The yckts strain exhibits significantly reduced maltose transport activity despite apparently normal levels and cell surface localization of maltose permease protein. Glucose-induced internalization and rapid loss of maltose transport activity of Mal61/HAp-GFP are not observed in the yckts strain and maltose permease proteolysis is blocked. We show that a reg1Δ mutant exhibits a phenotype remarkably similar to that conferred by yckts. The reg1Δ phenotype is not enhanced in the yckts reg1Δ double mutant and is suppressed by increased Yck1,2p dosage. Further, although Yck2p localization and abundance do not change in the reg1Δ mutant, Yck1,2 kinase activity, as assayed by glucose-induced HXT1 expression and Mth1 repressor stability, is substantially reduced in the reg1Δ strain.
Export Spillovers to Chinese Firms: Evidence from Provincial Data

Multinational firms are important conduits of managerial skills, foreign market linkages, and technology. Foreign export spillovers associated with multinational firms have the potential to reduce entry costs for local exporting firms. This paper examines whether exports by multinational firms increase the probability of exporting by domestic Chinese firms. The findings from the Probit estimation highlight the varying relationships between multinational exports and local foreign entry based on the type of ownership. The results from separating foreign-invested enterprises into overseas Chinese companies and OECD-based multinational firms suggest that the export activity of the former does not increase the probability of exporting by local firms, whereas the latter positively influence the export decision of local firms, particularly under processing trade.
Axotomy induces nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in spinal motor neurons.

Abstract Expression of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R) mRNA in adult motor neurons is increased by axonal injury. The present study was designed to examine, by immunocytochemistry, the onset, course, and specificity of NGF-R up-regulation following distal or proximal crush of the sciatic nerve. Lesions at both levels induced the appearnce of NGF-R like immunoreactivity in motor neurons beginning on day two postaxotomy. NGF-R-like immunoreactivity was present exclusively in axotomized neurons, as verified by the near complete colocalization of immunoreactive NGF-R with a fluorescent retrograde tracer injected at the crush site. NGF-R expression was closely linked with disconnection of cells from the target; one week after muscle reinnervation, NGF-R immunoreactivity was no longer detectable in animals with distal injuries. These results extend the previous findings of axotomy-induced expression of NGF-R mRNA to the level of the receptor. Furthermore, our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that target-derived factors participate in the regulation of NGF-R gene expression in adult motor neurons.
Vacancy Formation in Gold Under High Pressure

Crystal structure defect concentration from measurement of excess electric resistance in gold wires subjected to high hydrostatic pressure