cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
General ICI self-cancellation scheme for OFDM systems

One of the challenges in designing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is their inherent sensitivity to any frequency shift in the signal. A frequency offset between the local oscillators at the transmitter and receiver causes a single frequency shift in the signal, while a time-varying channel can cause a spread of frequency shifts known as the Doppler spread. Frequency shifts ruin the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers and cause intercarrier interference (ICI); therefore, quickly diminishing the performance of the system. ICI self-cancellation schemes have been proposed to reduce the sensitivity of OFDM systems to frequency shifts. These schemes use signal processing and frequency domain coding to reduce the amount of ICI generated as a result of frequency shifts, with little additional computational complexity. These methods can be used as an alternative to the fine frequency-offset estimation methods to battle oscillator frequency offset or simply be used as an ICI mitigation technique when the system is operating over time-varying channels. We propose a general ICI self-cancellation scheme that can be implemented through windowing at the transmitter and receiver. We show that the previously proposed self-cancellation schemes are equivalent to special cases of this method. Through theoretical analysis of the signal-to-interference ratio and bit-error rate and the use of Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed system considerably outperforms the existing systems in the presence of frequency offset or time variations in the channel. We consider both coherent and noncoherent systems.
Prediction of the Export and Fate of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The EXPORTS Science Plan

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth’s carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying “twilight zone” where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean’s interior on time scales of months to millennia. Here we present a measurement / synthesis / modeling framework aimed at quantifying the fates of upper ocean NPP and its impacts on the global carbon cycle based upon the EXPORTS Science Plan. The proposed approach will diagnose relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states leading to advances in satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models. To collect these data, a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing and numerical modeling is proposed which enables the sampling of the many pathways of NPP export and fates. This coordinated, process-oriented approach has the potential to foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of research goals of many international research agencies and will be a key step towards our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system.
Multiphysics Simulations of Entrained Flow Gasification. Part II: Constructing and Validating the Overall Model

In this paper, we describe the construction, validation, and application of a multiscale model of entrained flow gasification. Part I of the paper focused on the validation of the turbulence and particle turbulent dispersion submodels. In part II, the impact of suggested improvements in these submodels on the predictions of key output parameters is analyzed through appropriate sensitivity analyses. In addition, adaption of the moving flame front (MFF) model of char consumption to gasification computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its impact on the overall predictions is presented. The accuracy of the integrated gasifier model is demonstrated by comparing its predictions with experimental data from pilot and research-scale Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) gasifiers and a laboratory scale gasifier from Brigham Young University (BYU). Finally, a practical limit on mesh refinement for RANS simulations of two-phase reacting flows, governed by solution stability, is discussed.
Studies on faunistic distribution of genus Musca in Hebei province

Objective To investigate the fauna of genua Musca in Hebei province of China. Methods Using entomogical classification principle and method. Results There were 17 species of genus Musca in Hebei province. Conclusion The species of genus Musca in Hebei province made up 62.96% of Musca known in China.
Investigation on tick hosts and seasonal fluctuation in Dengfeng Shaolin temple scenic spot

Objective To realize ticks habitat distribution and seasonal fluctuation in Dengfeng shaolin temple scenic spot and provide scientific basis for its control and prevention.Methods Parasitic ticks on sheep,cattle,donkeys or dogs were caught by surface check method.Free ticks in the meadow were caught with white cloth.Results All the ticks caught were Haemaphysalis loniconis.The average positive rate was 45.31%.Free ticks began to appear in March,and rose gradually.Activity peak appeared from May to July,and disappeared in November.Conclusion The violation of ticks in the Shaolin temple is serious,and the activity peak almost coincides with tourist season.This phenomenon suggests us to pay attention to prevention and control.
Modulation of Ca2+ current in canine colonic myocytes by cyclic nucleotide-dependent mechanisms.

Regulation of Ca 2+ currents by cyclic nucleotide-dependent mechanisms was studied in circular muscle cells isolated from canine proximal colon. Whole cell Ca 2+ currents were recorded at 32°C with the use of amphotericin B-perforated patches. The effects of several agents known to increase levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) were tested. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and isoproterenol (10 -7 to 10 -5 M) increased Ca 2+ current in a concentration-dependent manner. Forskolin (10 -7 M) and dibutyryl cAMP (10 -6 to 10 -5 M) also increased Ca 2+ current. Higher concentrations of forskolin (10 -6 to 10 -5 M) caused inhibition of Ca 2+ current. Low concentrations (10 -5 to 10 -7 M) of dibutyryl cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP caused concentration-dependent enhancement in Ca 2+ current, and these effects were reversible on washout of the cAMP analogues. When the concentration of cAMP analogues was increased (10 -3 to 10 -4 M), we observed inhibition of Ca 2+ current similar to the effects of forskolin. Membrane-permeable analogues of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate produced exclusively inhibitory effects. The nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor H-7 (up to 60 μM) failed to block the effects of VIP, isoproterenol, and forskolin, and it produced inhibitory effects on Ca 2+ current, independent of agonist stimulation. The data suggest that low levels of cAMP may, via phosphorylation by protein kinaseA, enhance L-type Ca 2+ current, but higher concentrations of cAMP may cross over and activate protein kinase G. Phosphorylation by protein kinase G appears to produce a dominant inhibition of Ca 2+ current.
A Constitutive Model for Dense Granular Flows Based on Microstructural Descriptors

A constitutive model is developed to capture the complex rheological behavior of dense granular flows (solid volume fraction ranging from 0.45 to 0.62) in the quasi-static, intermediate, and inertial regimes. The principal contribution of this work is the development of a contact stress model (CSM) that is a statistical closure for the average contact stress experienced by particles, which is derived from a micromechanical model for the stress. This modeling approach naturally gives rise to the dependence of average contact stress on the average contact force and relevant descriptors of microstructure, which are the average coordination number and the fabric tensor. An expression for the average contact force is obtained from the contact force probability density function that has the same form in many granular flows. Appropriate closures for the coordination number and the fabric tensor are obtained by solving their respective modeled evolution equations proposed by Sun and Sundaresan [J. Fluid Mech. 201...
A review on measurement science needs for real-time control of additive manufacturing metal powder bed fusion processes

Additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly used in the development of new products. However, variations in part quality in terms of material properties, dimensional tolerances, surface roughness and defects limit its broader acceptance. Process control today based on heuristics and experimental data yields limited improvement in part quality. In an effort to identify the needed measurement science for real-time closed-loop control of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, this paper presents a literature review on the current AM control schemes, process measurements and modelling and simulation methods as it applies to the powder bed fusion process, though results from other processes are reviewed where applicable. We present our research findings to identify the correlations between process parameters, process signatures and product quality. We also present research recommendations on the key control issues to serve as a technical basis for standards development in this area. Complimentary deta...
The Phosphatidylinositol Effect in the Retina: Role of Light and Neurotransmitters

We are studying the phosphatidylinositol (PI) effect in retinas from Xenopus laevis. Light stimulates the incorporation of labeled inositol and phosphate, but not of glycerol, into phosphoinositides. Light and electron microscope autoradiography following incubation with [2-3H]inositol demonstrates the increased labeling to be localized exclusively to the horizontal cells of the outer plexiform layer. Acetylcholine stimulates the incorpora­tion of [2-3H]inositol into PI in horizontal cells in the dark; atropine blocks this response. Glycine inhibits the light response, and strychnine reverses this effect. GAGA, the neurotransmitter of Xenopus horizontal cells, dopamine, and norepinephrine have no effects on the incorporation of [2-3H]inositol into phosphoinositides. The synthesis of phosphoinositides in Xenopus retinal horizontal cells appears to be regulated by at least three extracellular effectors: light and acetylcholine, both of which are stimulatory, and glycine, which is inhibitory. Under physiological conditions, the relative activity of each of these inputs precisely controls the rate of phos­phoinositide turnover in this cell.
Using Synthetic Aperture Radar data of terrestrial analogs to test alluvial fan formation mechanisms on Titan

Abstract Landforms on Titan include features hypothesized to be alluvial fans. Terrestrial alluvial fans form via two processes: fluid-gravity flows (sheetfloods) and sediment-gravity flows (debris flows). Along the Panamint Mountain Range in Death Valley, California, USA, seven fans formed primarily by debris flows are located adjacent to seven fans formed primarily by sheetfloods. The causal difference between these two groupings stems from their catchment lithologies; the debris flow fan catchments are clay-rich and relatively sand-poor, and the sheetflood fan catchments are clay-poor and sand-rich. On Titan, the low and mid latitudes are dominated by sand seas, demonstrating that sand is available for transport. At high latitudes, these sand seas are absent, suggesting that transportable sand is scarce. Based on the sedimentology of the two Panamint Range fan types, we hypothesize that possible fans at lower latitudes on Titan are formed by sheetfloods, whereas those at higher latitudes formed primarily by debris flows. To test these hypotheses, we measured and analyzed the mean normalized radar cross sections (σ°) and changes in σ° with downfan distance for debris flow and sheetflood fans along the Panamint Range. We then compared the results with the same measurements for possible fans on Titan. We find that, in the Panamint Range, debris flow fans are brighter than sheetflood fans and have greater change in σ° with downfan distance, and that on Titan, low-latitude possible fans are likewise brighter than the fans at high latitudes with greater change in σ° with downfan distance. Consequently, our findings suggest that low-latitude possible fans on Titan are formed primarily by debris flows, whereas high-latitude possible fans on Titan are formed primarily by sheetfloods. Thus, our results do not support our hypotheses. Scenarios to explain these results include: (1) high-latitude possible fans are dominated by radar-dark debris flow deposits, (2) low- and mid-latitude possible fans are dominated by radar-bright sheetflood deposits, (3) sand-sized sediments were relatively scarce at the time of low- and mid-latitude possible fan formation, (4) bedrock composition varies as a function of latitude on Titan, (5) alluvial fans form differently on Titan because of the lower gravity conditions, and (6) fan-like features may result from non-alluvial processes, such as form distributary fluvial systems on Earth.
Considering students' intrinsic motivations and positive emotions in course design: Are they ends, means, or threats?

Instructors often cite student motivation as a critical component of successful learning experiences, or a key barrier to student engagement in the classroom. Given motivation's influence on identity and well-being, and the important relationships between motivation and learning outcomes such as creativity, critical thinking, self-regulation, and performance, it is reasonable to assign student motivation a place of relative prominence within the complex learning system. In this workshop, we explore our individual and collective mental models for student motivation in the classroom. Specifically, we explore two distinct perspectives on the value of motivation: motivation as a means to other learning outcomes, and motivation as a developmental end point. In addition, we consider how instructors' beliefs about and expectations for student motivations inform the design and implementation of learning experiences, and how different motivational orientations may create productive or destructive dissonance in the classroom, or threaten certain educational goals or outcomes.
Ionizing Radiations and the Nervous System

The rapid increase in the applications of atomic energy—ranging from military hardware to power generation to medicine—and the potential dangers associated with this form of energy have focused the attention of both the scientific community as well as the public on an understanding of the biological effects of these radiations. The beneficial uses of atomic energy such as the development of nuclear power plants and the use of radiations in medical diagnosis and treatment have raised difficult questions of weighing the potential benefits against risks. Subcommittees of the United States National Academy of Sciences (NAS)-National Research Council (NRC) (BEAR Committee) have published a series of reports between 1956 and 1961 dealing with different aspects of atomic radiation.(1) None of these reports, however, dealt specifically with the effects on the nervous system. More recently, in 1972, another committee of NAS-NRC published a reported entitled “The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation.”(2) In that report some references are made to the nervous system. In 1955 the General Assembly of the United Nations established a permanent Committee on the Scientific Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The Committee consists of scientific representatives of 15 member nations, and it periodically reports on effects of human exposure to ionizing radiations. In 1969 the Committee published a report dealing specifically with the effects on the nervous system.(3)
Data delivery performance of space-to-ground optical communication systems employing rate-constrained feedback protocols

Space-based optical communication systems that transmit directly to Earth must provision for changing conditions such as received power fluctuations that can occur due to atmospheric turbulence. One way of ensuring error-free communication in this environment is to introduce link-layer feedback protocols that use an Earth-toSpace uplink to request retransmission of erroneous or missing frames. In this paper, we consider near-Earth systems that use low-bandwidth uplinks to supply feedback for automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols. Constraining the uplink signaling bandwidth can reduce the complexity of the space terminal, but it also decreases the efficacy of feedback schemes. Using a Markov-based model of the link-layer channel, we give an analytical result for the downlink performance penalty of a system employing a data-rate-constrained selective-repeat ARQ protocol. We find that the tradeoff between downlink performance and feedback rate is primarily influenced by the coherence time of the atmospheric channel.
Mindful Place-Based Education: Mapping the Literature:

Place-based education and mindfulness are not new concepts, but the idea of combining the two bodies of work to explore what mindful place-based education might look like may provide a useful new p...
Annual and seasonal tornado trends in the contiguous United States and its regions

Previous studies provide evidence of possible changes to the climatology of tornadoes in the United States. These include a decrease in the number of tornado days per year, but an increase in the number of days per year with a large number of tornadoes; an increase in the mean number of tornadoes per tornado day; a spatial shift in tornado activity, generally towards the Southeast United States. Most of these studies, however, tend to examine trends at the annual (or spring) and contiguous United States scales. Using tornado data over the period 1954–2016, this study analyses various tornado metrics to determine whether trends are consistent throughout the year and across the United States. Trends are assessed with the Mann–Kendall test and their slopes with the Theil–Sen estimator. The annual analyses indicate that the number of tornadoes per year declined in the West, North Great Plains, South Great Plains, and Midwest regions, but increased in the Southeast. The decreasing/increasing tendencies in the South Great Plains/Southeast led to a reversal of the most active region – the South Great Plains had the greatest median tornado frequency early in the study period whereas the Southeast had the greatest in the middle and late periods. Annual analyses also indicate that the previously reported decline in the number of tornado days per year and the increase in the mean number of tornadoes per tornado day per year are generally present across the United States. Seasonal analyses suggest that the proportion of tornadoes occurring in the contiguous United States in summer is decreasing whereas the proportion occurring in fall is increasing. This is especially apparent in the Southeast.
Patterns and correlates of cervical cancer screening initiation in a large integrated health care system

Background The latest 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force cervical cancer screening guidelines recommended screening initiation at age 21 years. Little is known about the cervical cancer screening initiation practices in the community and whether there are critical gaps with respect to adherence to current clinical guidelines. Despite an overall decline in cervical cancer incidence across women of all ages, the incidence rate has not declined among 24–25 year olds between 2000 (2.79 per 100,000) and 2013 (2.93 per 100,000). Thus, it is important to understand cervical cancer screening initiation in young women and how woman- and provider-level factors affect the timing of screening initiation to identify areas for improving cervical cancer prevention. Objective We examined patterns and correlates of cervical cancer screening initiation among women turning age 21 years in a large community-based practice. Study Design Female members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California who turned age 21 years (baseline) during 2013–2015 and had not previously received a Papanicolaou test were included. Cervical cancer screening initiation through October 2016 was captured using electronic health records. Incidence rate and cumulative incidence of screening initiation was calculated. Associations between patient and provider characteristics and screening initiation were evaluated using multivariable Cox models. Results A total of 38,257 women were included and the Papanicolaou screening initiation rate was 44 per 100 person-years during the study period. Approximately 40% initiated screening within 1 year after turning age 21 years. In multivariable analyses, Asian/Pacific Islanders (hazard ratio, 0.91; confidence interval, 0.86–0.96 compared with non-Hispanic whites); Medicaid enrollees (hazard ratio, 0.90; confidence interval, 0.83, 0.97); those whose primary language is not English (hazard ratio, 0.71; confidence interval, 0.67, 0.75); those who have a historical inpatient visit, primary care physician in pediatrics, internal medicine, or another specialty compared with family practice; and have a male rather than female primary care physician (hazard ratio, 0.46; confidence interval, 0.36, 0.57) less often initiated screening. On the other hand, those who used other preventive services such as getting a human papilloma virus and influenza vaccination and those with a history of pregnancy, contraception use, and sexually transmitted infections more often had timely screening initiation. Conclusion Less than half of the women insured for preventative services initiated screening at age 21 years. Strategies to improve adherence to screening initiation guidelines should consider a tailored approach for at-risk subgroups and addressing initiation challenges associated with male physicians.
Intracellular signal transduction in liver regeneration

The liver occupies a central place in maintaining the metabolic balance of the body through its capacity for gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and urea synthesis, which help to maintain homeostasis of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats. The liver is also critical in lipoprotein metabolism, is responsible for albumin synthesis and bile production, and is the primary site for detoxification of drugs and other xenobiotics in the body. Most of the enzymes required for glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis are expressed around the time of birth, and the oxidative capacity of the liver is developed to generate the energy required. At the same time, the regulatory capacity of the cell is organized to control these processes.
The Proper Treatment of Mass Terms in English

The basic problem is to determine what concrete mass nouns denote and how one is to give truth conditions for sentences containing them. I ignore for the most part ‘abstract mass nouns’ and ‘mass adjectives’, but see below.
Pricing Inflation Derivatives

Describe the major inflation-indexed derivatives traded in the market and show how to price them.
The Functional Role of Notch Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

The term "triple-negative breast cancer" (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. Unfortunately, due to the lack of expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, therefore the lack of US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies, TNBC has the worst prognosis of all subtypes of breast cancer. Notch signaling has emerged as a pro-oncogene in several human malignancies and has particularly been associated with the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer. This chapter explores the role of Notch signaling in triple negative and other subtypes of breast cancer, the relationship of Notch with other breast cancer biomarkers, prognostic indicators associated with Notch, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Notch inhibition. Hopefully, better understanding of this signaling pathway in the future will lead to optimal molecular therapeutic treatments for TNBC patients, improving their quality of life and outcome.
Can Percutaneous Biportal Endoscopic Surgery Achieve Enough Canal Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis? Prospective Case-Control Study.

Objective Recently, full-endoscopic lumbar decompression has shown encouraging clinical outcomes. However, there are no reports as to whether sufficient lumbar decompression through full-endoscopic procedures can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to investigate the radiologic outcomes of percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression compared with those of conventional microscopic decompressive surgery. Methods A case–control prospective study was carried out. Patients were classified into 2 groups regarding the operation method (microscope group and endoscopic group). The cross-sectional area of the dura was measured both preoperatively and postoperatively at 5 axial cuts of T2-weighted magnetic resonance images in all subjects. In addition, clinical outcomes using visual analog scale for back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index were analyzed. Radiologic and clinical results were compared between groups. Results A total of 88 patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-two patients were assigned to the microscope group and 46 patients were assigned to the endoscopic group. Postoperatively, the dura was significantly expanded in each group (P 0.05). Immediate postoperative pain score was significantly greater in the microscope group than in the endoscopic group (P Conclusions Full-endoscopic lumbar decompression using percutaneous biportal endoscopic approach is a safe and effective treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. Decompression can be achieved with the percutaneous endoscopic technique at a similar rate to that achieved by the microscopic approach.
High-Voltage-Gain DC–DC Step-Up Converter With Bifold Dickson Voltage Multiplier Cells

This paper presents an interleaved boost converter with a bifold Dickson voltage multiplier suitable for interfacing low-voltage renewable energy sources to high-voltage distribution buses and other applications that require a high-voltage-gain conversion ratio. The proposed converter was constructed from two stages: an interleaved boost stage, which contains two inductors operated by two low-side active switches, and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC) stage, which mainly consists of diodes and capacitors to increase the overall voltage gain. The proposed converter offers a high-voltage-gain ratio with low voltage stress on the semiconductor switches as well as the passive components. This allows the selection of efficient and compact components. Moreover, the required inductance that ensures operation in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) is lower than the one in the conventional interleaved boost converter. The distinction of the proposed converter is that the inductors’ currents are equal, regardless of the number of VMCs. Equal sharing of interleaved boost-stage currents reduces the conduction loss in the active switches as well as the inductors and thus improves the overall efficiency, as the conduction power loss is a quadratic function. In this paper, the theory of operation and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are illustrated and verified by simulation results. A $\text{200-W}$ hardware prototype was implemented to convert a $\text{20-V}$ input source to a $\text{400-V}$ dc load and validate both the theory and the simulation.
In situ fixation and subsequent collection of cultured endothelial cells in a shear flow.

Abstract In situ fixation of adherent cells is a necessary process for downstream assays. Current methods to dissociate adherent endothelial cells require the use of a cell scraper that may introduce variability in nuclear morphology. Also, a cell scraper is not an option for experiments using sealed flow chambers. HMEC-1 cells were sheared at 5 dyn/cm2 for 24 h and then fixed in situ, quenched, and dissociated at the same shear rate. Analysis revealed no statistically significant change in nuclear shape between the steps of fixation and dissociation. This method outlines an alternative for the dissociation of adherent sheared endothelial cells after being fixed in situ in a micro-scale channel without causing a change in the nuclear morphology. • This method can be used with any commercially available, or custom-made, flow chamber and flow system. • Allows for downstream experimentation with adherent cells fixed in situ, such as Hi-C analysis, without impacting nuclear morphology or chromatin organization. • Cells are cultured, fixed, and dissociated at the same shear rate. Using the same shear rate for each step yields results that are not influenced by variable forces.
Brief acceptance-based therapy for women with high-risk pregnancies: Uncontrolled pilot of an intervention for inpatients

Abstract Objective Women hospitalized for high-risk pregnancies, including those with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), are at a greater risk for experiencing distress, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. An acceptance-based therapy would be particularly suitable for such women, as it encourages them to experience uncomfortable sensations and thoughts. The aim of this study was to pilot-test the feasibility and acceptability of a brief acceptance-based therapy for pregnant women on hospitalized bedrest, and to report preliminary symptom changes. Method Five women admitted to the hospital for PPROM participated in a 7-day acceptance-based therapy. Treatment feasibility and tolerability along with psychological symptoms (positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress, pregnancy-related distress and psychological flexibility) were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention and at a 1-month postpartum follow-up (1MFU). Results Treatment feasibility, credibility, tolerability, and homework adherence were high. Participants reported clinical levels of positive and negative affect upon admission and indicated stress as a result of hospitalization. The intervention was associated with an increase in positive affect into a non-clinical range, which was maintained through the 1MFU. Psychological flexibility was high at admission and remained high post-partum. Depression, anxiety, prenatal distress, and PTSD symptoms were in a non-clinical range, and remained non-clinical following admission and at 1MFU. Conclusions Overall, our brief acceptance-based therapy was feasible and an acceptable intervention to implement in a medical setting. Findings suggest preliminary evidence that our brief intervention was associated with symptom improvements or maintenance of non-clinical levels in women hospitalized for high-risk pregnancies.
On Repairing Web Services Workflows

When a composite web service—i.e., a composition of individual web services—is executed and fails, it is desirable to reuse as much as possible the results that have been obtained thus far. For example, a travel agent, after receiving an order to arrange for a trip from LA to NY from a customer, would typically identify the flights and the hotels, obtain the confirmation from the customer, and place the reservations using the credit card information provided by the user; if something is wrong (e.g., at the last step, the credit card information was wrong), the travel agent would prefer to place the reservations using another means (e.g., a different card) instead of starting from the beginning.
Unique Cell Surface Mannan of Yeast Pathogen Candida auris with Selective Binding to IgG

The emerging, multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen Candida auris is responsible for healthcare-associated outbreaks across the globe with high mortality. The rapid spread of C. auris is linked to its...
Bell inequalities versus quantum physics: A reply to Lambare

In Phys. Rev. A 101 (2020) 022117 it was argued that Bell inequalities are based on classical, not quantum, physics, and hence their violation in experiments provides no support for the claimed existence of peculiar nonlocal and superluminal influences in the real (quantum) world. Following a brief review of some aspects of the Consistent Histories approach used in that work, the objections raised in Lambare's Comment, arXiv:2102.075243v3, are examined and shown to rest on serious misunderstandings, and as a result fail to identify any errors in, or problems with, the work being criticized.
Dipolariton propagation in a van der Waals TMDC with Ψ-shaped channel guides and buffered channel branches

Using a computational approach based on the driven diffusion equation for dipolariton wave packets, we simulate the diffusive dynamics of dipolaritons in an optical microcavity embedded with a tran...
Rapid one-pot synthesis of cycloheptatriene-phosphonium derivatives

Abstract The direct combination reaction of tropylium tetrafluoroborate with a range of mono- and bi-dentate phosphines in chlorinated solvents leads to the formation of a series of cycloheptatriene-phosphonium derivatives in excellent yields. Multi-nuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies confirm the addition of the tropylium ligand to the phosphorous centre to form cycloheptatriene derivatives.
The Role of the Face in Vocal Learning and the Development of Spoken Language

How the human infant comes to possess an interest in vocal behavior, and how this interest encourages development of the capacity for spoken language, have not been recognized as important questions in developmental psycholinguistics. If we are to explain the development of linguistic capacity, we must account for the infant’s attention to things people do while talking. This perceptual orientation starts infants down a developmental growth path which leads to spoken language. Like other primates, humans have a neural specialization for social cognition, as evidenced by behavioral reactions to affective facial and vocal displays and dispositions to participate in interactions where these displays are present. But human mothers and infants also have a rich potential for interaction that includes vocal turn taking, mutual gaze, pointing, and vocal accommodation, as well as a well developed appreciation for the emotional and mental lives of others. Additionally, our species has a neural specialization for grammatical analysis and computation that nonhuman primates lack. The biolinguistic approach to language development taken here sees parallels between the evolution of linguistic capacity in the species and the emergence of that capacity in infancy.
Cancer control and quality of life following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy: results at 10 years.

AbstractThe experience after 10 years with anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy at The Johns Hopkins Hospital is reviewed. Between April 1982 and March 1991, 955 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (clinical stages T1 to T2) underwent staging pelvic lymphadenectomy and anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy. Using actuarial analysis, at 10 years the likelihood of an undetectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 70%, isolated elevation of PSA 23%, distant metastases 7% and local recurrence 4%. The actuarial likelihood of an elevated serum PSA increased with increasing pathological stage: the 10-year likelihood of freedom from PSA relapse was 85% for men with organ confined disease, 82% with focal capsular penetration, 54% with established capsular penetration and Gleason score 2 to 6 disease, 42% with established capsular penetration and Gleason score 7 to 10 disease, and 43% with seminal vesicle involvement. These data indicate that radical prostatectomy cures the majority o...
A climatic-limnologic model of diatom succession for paleolimnological interpretation of varved sediments at Elk Lake, Minnesota

Sediment traps placed in the profundal region of Elk Lake, north central Minnesota during the 1979 spring and 1983–84 fall and spring seasons monitored seasonal diatom production for two climatically distinctive periods. The spring of 1979 was one of the coldest and wettest on record. Ice out at Elk Lake was 10 days later than average, and spring circulation was short. Fragilaria crotonensis dominated the late spring and early summer diatom production in association with Synedra and Cyclotella species, perhaps because rates of phosphorus supply were low compared to silica. The winter of 1983–84 was drier than usual, and the early but cold spring of 1984 caused ice out at Elk Lake to be about 1 week earlier than normal. Spring storms promoted a long and full circulation that allowed Stephanodiscus minulutus to bloom, presumably in response to increased phosphorus loading related to deep and vigorous circulation. The two dominant diatoms in Elk Lake, F. crotonensis and S. minutulus may reflect climatic patterns that control lake circulation. The climatically regulated occurrence of these diatoms is generally, but not specifically, comparable to their distribution in lake surface sediments throughout Minnesota. A combination of regional and lake-specific studies on the controls of diatom succession and distribution provides climatic insights for interpreting paleolimnogical records of diatoms.
Gene discovery: macroarrays and microarrays.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses DNA hybridization arrays and highlights the advantages of using chick embryos for expression analysis studies. Gene expression profiling is a powerful approach to characterize global changes in gene expression and to identify novel genes. Traditional methods that evaluate gene expression, such as Northern blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, monitor the levels of individual genes. In contrast, gene arrays permit high throughput, genome-level transcript profiling, where the expression levels of thousands of genes are measured at the same time. On a DNA array, each clone (either complementary DNA or oligonucleotide) is situated in a fixed location, which greatly lessens the burden of identifying corresponding clones post-hybridization. With current technology, all known genes in a genome can be placed on a single array, or the genes arrayed can be tailored to the interest of the researcher. Importantly, multiple copies of any array can be produced, allowing gene expression to be evaluated at different time points and under varying conditions. Sensitivity issues are overcome by using minimal hybridization volumes or subtracted probes. Array formats are broadly divided into macroarrays and microarrays. The chapter discusses the pros and cons of these arrays and provides information for researchers that are interested using these technologies.
Belatacept: Is There BENEFIT for Liver Transplantation Too?

The results of the multicenter belatacept liver transplant trial disappoint with respect to safety and efficacy, and new approaches will be required before this agent plays a role in liver transplant immunosuppression. See article by Klintmalm et al on page 1817.
Magnetic impurity induced id_{xy} component and spontaneous time reversal and parity breaking in a d_{x^2-y^2}-wave superconductor

It is shown that the patches of complex d_{xy} component are generated around magnetic impurity in the presence of the coupling between orbital moment of the condensate and impurity spin S. Locally induced d_{xy} gap leads to the fully gapped quasiparticle spectrum near impurity. The phase of the induced i d_{xy} component is determined by impurity spin and averages to zero at high temperatures. It is suggested that at low temperature the well defined patches of d_{xy} are formed and they can undergo a phase transition into phase locked state via Josephson effect. Violation of time-reversal symmetry and parity occurs spontaneously via the second order transition. In the ordered phase both impurity magnetization and d_{xy} component of the order parameter develop and are proportional to each other.
Knowledge Production and the Superexploitation of Contingent Academic Labor

In the corporate university, a capitalist enterprise, the fact of contingent academic labor should not be seen as an aberration, a scandalous (but perhaps temporary) anomaly that could be solved within and by the very system that produces it. Rather, the ever-increasing number of contingent academic workers, and the consequent reduction in the number and power of full-timers, is the norm. Not only is it the norm, but it is the coherent, logical consequence of the corporatization process. That is, there could be no corporatization without the logic of sovereignty and domination whereby contingent labor in the first place, and all other labor in the second, must be, as is, superexploited. The originary idea of the university as a place for learning (perhaps even disinterested learning) is gone. To have faith in that idea at this point in time would be having faith in a romantic past, it would be a useless, if not politically dangerous, nostalgia. Yet, if the past is barred, the future is not. What must be made clear, however, is that the transformation of the university is not possible if society itself is not transformed. If the university has become a capitalist enterprise, if the relationship between the university as such (its administrators) and its workforce (including the often reluctant full-timers) is the relationship between capital and labor, then the antagonism within the university is the antagonism present in capitalist society as a whole.
Oral Prednisone as a Risk Factor for Infections in Children With Asthma

Objective: To determine whether the frequency of acute infections in children with asthma is associated with the number of doses of prednisone received for asthma attacks. Design: A cohort study. Setting: Primary care clinic and emergency department of an inner-city teaching hospital from March 31, 1992, to May 31, 1993. Patients: Convenience sample of clinic enrollees aged 2 to 14 years who had made two or more outpatient visits for acute asthma in the preceding year. Eighty-six children were enrolled. Seventy-eight (91%) completed the study. Main Outcome Measures: The independent variable was cumulative prednisone dose received during the study period. Outcome variables were episodes of acute infections. Results: The mean (±SD) number of doses of prednisone (2 mg/kg to a maximum of 60 mg) received was 9.5±11.8 doses (range, 0 to 57 doses). Ninety-four episodes of acute infection occurred in 50 children. No difference was observed in the mean number of doses of prednisone received by those with the infection compared with those without the infection. No correlation was observed between the number of doses of prednisone received and the number of episodes of each infection. Conclusion: The administration of prednisone as short courses for acute asthma is not associated with an increase in the number of episodes of common acute infections. (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:58-63)
Order 636 and the U.S. natural gas industry

Abstract An intent of the U.S. Federal Regulatory Commission's Order 636, promulgated in April 1992, was to promote competition and efficiency in the transportation sector of the natural gas industry. Additionally, the Order altered the roles of the traditional players in the industry by increasing not only their options for purchase and sale of natural gas, but also their risks. Increased options have the potential of increasing competition and efficiency, not only in the transportation sector, but also in the distribution sector. This paper examines impacts of Order 636. Using annual, aggregate, U.S. price data, a Wilcox rank sum test is employed to test for statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-636 eras. Results indicate median revenues attributable to the transportation sector have declined since the implementation of Order 636. 1 Although there are naturally a number of factors that may affect transportation revenues, the decline in median price can be attributed, at least in part, to increased competition, increased efficiency, or both. At this level of aggregation the effects can not be segregated. Results also indicate that although decreased costs of transportation have at least partially been passed on to final consumers, local distribution companies have not significantly altered their business practices when dealing with customers.
Facile Synthesis [5-13C-4-2H2]-L-Glutamine for Hyperpolarized MRS Imaging of Cancer Cell Metabolism

Rationale and Objectives Recent reports suggest that cancer cells may use glutamine, instead of glucose, as an alternative source of metabolic energy. This suggests that hyperpolarized 13 C glutamine may be useful as a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) imaging agent for detecting changes in glutamine metabolism in cancerous cells or tissues. Materials and Methods Synthesis of [5- 13 C-4- 2 H 2 ]-L-glutamine was accomplished through a seven-step synthetic pathway with a 44% overall yield. The introduction of two stable isotopes was performed by a NaB 2 H 4 -mixed anhydride reduction and K 13 CN-nuclophilic substitution, respectively. The desired [5- 13 C-4- 2 H 2 ]-L-glutamine was successfully obtained by a one-pot reaction of deprotection and controlled cyanide hydrolysis. Hyperpolarized [5- 13 C-4- 2 H 2 ]-L-glutamine samples were tested in human glioma cells (myc upregulated glia cells, SF188-Bcl-x L ). MRS signals were obtained with a 9.4 Tesla 89-mm bore nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and a direct-detection multi-nuclear probe. Results The initial degree of polarization for [5- 13 C-4- 2 H 2 ]-L-glutamine was ∼5% and the initial 13 C signal to noise ratio was ∼100:1. Glutamate was detected within seconds after the injection of hyperpolarized glutamine into the cells. The ratio of glutamate to glutamine was very high, indicating rapid conversion to glutamate. Similar cell uptake studies using [ 3 H]-L-glutamine also demonstrated cell uptakes higher than that of [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Conclusion We are reporting the first example of using specifically deuterated [5- 13 C-4- 2 H 2 ]-L-glutamine in conjunction with hyperpolarized MRS for studying "glutaminolysis" in proliferating tumor cells.
Solving Bicriterion Mathematical Programs

It often happens in applications of mathematical programming that there are two incommensurate objective functions to be extremized, rather than just one. One thus encounters bicriterion programs of the form of equation 1, \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\mbox{maximize}_{x \epsilon X}\ h[f_{1}x,f_{2}x],$$ \end{document} where h is an increasing utility function, preferably quasiconcave, defined on outcomes of the concave objective functions f1 and f2, and x is a decision n-vector constrained to the convex set X. It is shown how such programs can be numerically solved if a parametric programming algorithm is available for the parametric subproblem \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\mbox{maximize}_{x \epsilon X}\ \alpha f_{1}x + l-\alphaf_{2}x.\quad0\leq \alpha \leq 1$$ \end{document} A natural byproduct of the calculations is a relevant portion of the "tradeoff curve" between f1 and f2. Outlines of several algorithms for solving equation 1 under various special assumptions and a numerical example are presented to illustrate the application of the theory developed herein. A useful extension is presented that permits nonlinear scale changes to be made on the fi.