cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What is sexual medicine

Sexual medicine is unique in that it permeates throughout various medical specialties, without having its own defined borders. Urology, gynecology, primary care, endocrinology and cardiology are connected to sexual medicine to varying degrees. Should sexual medicine be a requisite part of the aforementioned teaching programs? Dr Martin Resnick, Lester Persky Professor and Chairman, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, provides a perspective on this topic.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Deposits Doped with Tellurium

The measured infrared reflectance and transmittance of several bismuth deposits doped with tellurium were used to obtain their electrical and optical constants for the 15–70-µm region. The change of these parameters with wavelength yielded values for the static dielectric constants of the deposits and the relaxation times of the carriers in the deposits. Each deposit was characterized by a reflectance minimum that occurred at shorter wavelengths as the concentration of tellurium in the deposits was increased. The wavelengths at which the reflectance minima occurred have been identified with the wavelengths corresponding to the calculated plasma frequencies.
Child and adolescent bereavement

Clinical social workers in non-medical settings often are presented with child and adolescent clinets who are bereaved, or with adults who experienced the loss of a significant other in childhood or adolescence. This article attempts to pull together the most relevant and significant issues relating to loss in childhood and adolescence. It provides an overview of the theoretical and treatment issues that inform practice with clients who have sustained a significant loss during the pre-adult years. Case material provides an illustration of some of the issues as they appear in clinical practice.
Fast loop-level data dependence profiling

Execution-driven data dependence profiling has gained significant interest as a tool to compensate the weakness of static data dependence analysis. Although such dependence profiling is valid for specific inputs only, its result can be used in many ways for program parallelization. Unfortunately, traditional hash-based dependence profiling can take tremendous memory and machine time, which severely limits its practical use. In this paper, we propose new compiler-based techniques to perform fast loop-level data dependence profiling. Firstly, using type consistency and alias information, our compiler embeds memory tags into the data structures in the original program such that memory addresses can be efficiently compared for dependence testing. This approach avoids the bytewise hashing overhead in conventional profiling methods. Secondly, we prove that a partial dependence graph obtained from profiling is sufficient for loop-level reordering transformations and parallelization. Such partial dependence graph can be obtained very fast, without having to exhaustively enumerate all dependence edges. Thirdly, our compiler partitions the profiling task into independent slices. Such slices can be profiled in parallel, producing subgraphs which are eventually combined automatically into the complete data dependence graph by the compiler. Experiments show that these techniques significantly reduce the memory use and shorten the profiling time (by an order of magnitude for several SPEC2006 benchmarks). Benchmarks too big to profile at all loop levels by previous methods can now be profiled fully within several hours.
Gainsharing and women's and men's relative pay satisfaction

There is some evidence that women have equal or higher pay satisfaction than similarly situated men, even though they may earn less than these men. Using Major's (1994) model of entitlement, this study examined gender differences in pay satisfaction in two companies before and after gainsharing bonus programmes were introduced. Results indicated that women had higher pay satisfaction than men prior to the introduction of gainsharing and there was some evidence that this difference was greater among lower-paid employees. Women did not exhibit higher pay satisfaction after gainsharing was introduced. The potential association of gainsharing with changes in female–male pay satisfaction is discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-dimensional, electrostatic finite element study of tip-substrate interactions in electric force microscopy of high density interconnect structures.

Abstract Two-dimensional electrostatic finite element modeling is used to estimate the variation of tip force as a function of potential, dielectric film thickness, and tip–substrate spacing when imaging using electric force microscopy. Blanket dielectric films and ∼1000 nm thick interconnect structures were studied. We conclude that sidewall damage regions can be detected but will require special processing to make an unambiguous measurement.
Interactions of the cellular CCAAT displacement protein and human papillomavirus E2 protein with the viral origin of replication can regulate DNA replication

Previously, we and others have shown that CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) negatively regulates the papillomavirus promoters. Overexpression of CDP has been shown to inhibit high-risk human papillomavirus virus (HPV) and bovine papillomavirus DNA replication in vivo presumably through reduction in expression of viral replication proteins, E1 and E2. Sequence analysis of the HPV origin indicates several potential CDP-binding sites with one site overlapping the E1-binding site. Therefore, CDP could also negatively regulate papillomavirus replication directly by preventing the loading of the initiation complex. We show here that purified CDP inhibits in vitro HPV DNA replication. Footprint analysis demonstrated that CDP binds the E1-binding site and the TATA box, and that the binding of purified CDP to the E1-binding site is decreased by the addition of purified E2 protein. Consistent with this, E2-independent in vitro HPV replication is inhibited by CDP to a greater extent than E2-dependent replication. These results suggest that binding of E2 at the E2-binding site may play an important role in overcoming the inhibition of E1 initiation complex formation caused by the binding of negative regulators like CDP to the origin of replication.
The Infra-Red Radiation of Nitrogen

Extension of the first positive group of nitrogen bands. An investigation of the infra-red portion of the first positive group of nitrogen bands by thermocouple and prism has extended that group to the region of 1.5\ensuremath{\mu}. The broad radiation maxima corresponding to the 0, +1, and +2 sequences have been broken up into individual bands. Their observed maxima occur at the positions calculated from the known vibration levels of this group. For higher accuracy the region from 7500 to 10500A was photographed under a dispersion of 9A per mm with neocyanin plates. The bands were recorded as far as 10500, the beginning of the 0 sequence. The measurements of the heads and principal lines within this range are given in tables. From these results values for the bands of the 0 sequence are found, and those of the -1 and -2 sequences are improved.Reassignment of vibration numbers. The new data point very definitely to a modification of the assignment of vibration quantum numbers as previously made by Birge, in that the lowest final level should be dropped, and the other vibration quantum numbers should be diminished by one. The evidence pointing to this as the more probable assignment is discussed.Oxygen triplet $\ensuremath{\lambda}9265$. Incidentally, the hitherto unresolved O triplet at 9265A appeared clearly resolved on these plates. The wave-lengths were measured as: 9265.67, 9262.61, and 9260.31.
A Rapid Resazurin-Based Microtiter Assay to Evaluate QoI Sensitivity for Alternaria alternata Isolates and Their Molecular Characterization

Abstract Chemical management of Alternaria brown spot of citrus is based upon the timely application of site-specific fungicides, many of which are vulnerable to the development of fungicide resist...
Fast algorithms for projective multi-frame structure from motion

We describe new algorithms for multi-frame structure from motion from tracked point features. The algorithms are essentially linear and give accuracies similar to those of a maximum-likelihood estimate. For the common situations where the calibration is fixed and approximately known, we experimentally compare the fully projective versions of our algorithms to mixed projective/Euclidean strategies. Our theoretical results clarify the nature of dominant-plane compensation and the effect of calibration error on translation recovery.
S=1/2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet ladders

Abstract The synthesis, structure and powder magnetic susceptibility of two new copper complexes: [(2-amino-5-iodopyridinium)CuCl 3 and (2-amino-5-iodopyridinium) 2 CuBr 4 ·2H 2 O] are reported. Both the crystal structures and the powder magnetic susceptibility support the magnetic structure of the complexes as S =1/2 ladders.
One-dimensional polaritons with size-tunable and enhanced coupling strengths in semiconductor nanowires

Strong coupling of light with excitons in direct bandgap semiconductors leads to the formation of composite photonic-electronic quasi-particles (polaritons), in which energy oscillates coherently between the photonic and excitonic states with the vacuum Rabi frequency. The light-matter coherence is maintained until the oscillator dephases or the photon escapes. Exciton-polariton formation has enabled the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state, low-threshold polariton lasing and is also useful for terahertz and slow-light applications. However, maintaining coherence for higher carrier concentration and temperature applications still requires increased coupling strengths. Here, we report on size-tunable, exceptionally high exciton-polariton coupling strengths characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of up to 200 meV as well as a reduction in group velocity, in surface-passivated, self-assembled semiconductor nanowire cavities. These experiments represent systematic investigations on light-matter coupling in one-dimensional optical nanocavities, demonstrating the ability to engineer light-matter coupling strengths at the nanoscale, even in non-quantum-confined systems, to values much higher than in bulk.
Autocrine and paracrine interactions and neuroprotection in glaucoma

Retinal ganglion cells represent the output neurons of the retina. They are responsible for integrating electrical signals that originate with the photoreceptors and, via their axons that comprise the optic nerve, transmit that information to higher visual centers of the brain. The retinal ganglion cells reside on the inner surface of the retina and their axons course across the inner surface to exit at the back of the eye through a region known as the optic nerve head. Within this region, initiation of the degenerative processes associated with glaucoma are thought to occur, leading to degeneration of not only the optic nerve but also the retinal ganglion cells themselves. Studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind glaucoma have identified diverse cellular components and molecular events that occur in response to nerve injury. The challenge to date has been to identify and promote pro-survival events while suppressing those that support further degradation and loss of vision. Complicating this process is the fact that the cells and molecules involved can play multiple roles. An understanding of the players and their complex relationships is central to the development of a successful treatment strategy.
Laser vaporization of solid samples into a hollow-cathode discharge for atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract A hollow cathode discharge system has been developed for atomic emission spectrometry of solid samples. In this system, a solid sample is vaporized by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, and the vaporized material is introduced into a hollow cathode discharge by means of an argon gas flow. A photodiode array detector is used to acquire the spectral data and the spatial intensity profiles of atomic lines in the cathode bore. Experimental parameters which have been optimized include the pressure and flow rate of argon gas, the forms of the electrodes, and the discharge current. The laser is operated in either single pulse mode or multiple pulse mode, 20 pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate. The latter mode offers improved precision and detection limits, and quasi-continuous emission signals. Analytical curves obtained for standard samples of aluminum alloys are linear over 3 orders of magnitude with a relative standard deviation of 1.6–4.6%, and the estimated detection limits for the various elements range from 3 μg g −1 for Mg to 16 μg g −1 for Ni.
Jejunal mucosa in infantile malnutrition.

Summary Twenty-six infants with malnutrition and seven controls were studied by routine haematological tests, serum protein levels, glucose tolerance and D-Xylose absorption tests, jejunal biopsies and intestinal disaccharidase, assays. In conclusion, it can be said that in malnutrition the jejunal mucosa shows some mild or non-specific histologic changes compatible with malabsorption, which may be reversible. No correlation could be shown between these changes and absorption tests. Malnutrition may also result in secondary intestinal disaccharidase deficiencies which improve with correction of the nutritional state. These secondary enzyme deficiencies may be responsible for some of the diarrhoeas seen in marasmic children. No direct correlation between anaemia, iron-deficiency, folic acid levels, protein deficiency and intestinal mucosal changes could be established in this study.
Gestation stage-specific frequency of adipogenic cells in Syrian hamster cell cultures.

Abstract High frequencies (up to 50%) of spontaneous adipocyte differentiation are observed in cultures of 9 day gestation Syrian hamster embryos (E9 cells) within six to eight population doublings after primary culture. This is in contrast to the absence of adipogenic cells in primary cultures derived from later gestation age Syrian hamster tissue. In addition, E9 primary cultures contain a transient subpopulation of presumptive mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells that lack density dependent inhibition of growth [contact-insensitive (CS−) cells]. Analysis of the temporal pattern of expression of the CS− and adipocyte phenotypes during the proliferative life span of E9 cells demonstrates that maximal expression of the CS− phenotype precedes maximal expression of adipocyte differentiation. In addition, lipid accumulation appears to occur primarily, if not exclusively, in the contact-sensitive (CS+) cells that are derived from CS− cells. These observations suggest that primary E9 cultures contain either adipoblasts or primordial mesenchymal cells that become determined to the adipocyte lineage early during the in vitro life span of the cultures, and that the CS− phenotype may be a marker for these earlier developmental cell stages.
Mental health impact assessment: population mental health in Englewood, Chicago, Illinois, USA

In this paper, we describe a pilot mental health impact assessment (MHIA) undertaken by the Institute on Social Exclusion (ISE) at the Adler School of Professional Psychology. This pilot involved a multi-method approach that included literature reviews and direct engagement of community stakeholders. It resulted in a policy document that summarized the anticipated effects of a proposed amendment to Chicago's Vacant Buildings Ordinance on the collective mental health of people living in Englewood, a neighbourhood located on the city's southwest side. The Chicago City Council passed the proposed amendment in the summer of 2011.Working to advance health impact assessment (HIA) practice, the project aimed to assist Englewood residents by empowering them to participate in the systematic review of a proposed policy change that would impact their own community's mental health. Additionally, the pilot sought to ensure that any policy decision reflected an evidence-based understanding of its probable effects on th...
Mechanisms of formation of nonlinear optical light guide structures in metal cluster composites produced by ion beam implantation

Ion implantation has been shown to produce a high density of metal colloids in glasses and crystalline materials. The high-precipitate volume fraction and small size of metal nanoclusters formed leads to values for the third-order susceptibility much greater than those for metal doped solids. This has stimulated interest in use of ion implantation to make nonlinear optical materials. On the other side, LiNbO{sub 3} has proved to be a good material for optical waveguides produced by MeV ion implantation. Light confinement in these waveguides is produced by refractive index step difference between the implanted region and the bulk material. Implantation of LiNbO{sub 3} with MeV metal ions can therefore result into nonlinear optical waveguide structures with great potential in a variety of device applications. The authors describe linear and nonlinear optical properties of a waveguide structure in LiNbO{sub 3}-based composite material produced by silver ion implantation in connection with mechanisms of its formation.
Immunofluorescence localization of thyroglobulin in metastatic thyroid cancer.

Thyroglobulin was demonstrated by immunotluorescence microscopy in five metastatic tumors suspected of being of thyroid origin but in none of 11 malignant tumors from other sites. The antigen was localized in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space adjacent to tumor cells and there was considerable variation in the amount of thyroglobulin within and among tumors. Thyroglobulin localization confirmed that the tumors were of thyroid origin and was a valuable supplement to the histologic and laboratory evaluation of patients with thyroid cancer. Cancer 50:939-945, 1982. HYROGLOBULIN is found by immunohistochemical T techniques in most thyroid carcinomas with papillary or follicular morphologic features, but is reported to be absent from nonthyroid neoplasms.',* This observation suggested to us that immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin may be useful in identifying the site of origin of metastatic thyroid tumors. We therefore have stained a small series of metastatic tumors suspected of being of thyroid origin and have found immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin in tissue sections of metastatic thyroid lesions to be of considerable utility. Methods and Materials Tissue from five patients with metastatic lesions from the thyroid gland were examined by standard light microscopy and by immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of thyroglobulin. The results were compared with those for eleven tumors not believed to be of thyroid origin including four lung, three kidney, three colon, and one pancreatic tumor. Two of the lung tumors had a papillary histologic configuration and thus were of the type which is likely to cause diagnostic confusion as to site of origin and from which true thyroid neoplasms must be distinguished. Tissue processed for light microscopy was fixed in 10% buffered formalin embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 p, and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin (H &
Decision functions that can support a hippocampal model

Using a pre-determined training schedule, we have previously shown that a hippocampus-like computational model reproduces the transverse patterning and transverse non-patterning data of Jerry Rudy's lab, two problems that require context for solution. To extend the predictions produced by the model, an extra-hippocampal decision function is added, and this function allows the model to choose among training items. Three decision functions are compared for transverse patterning, and all three decision functions reproduce the asymptotic performance of the behavioral experiments. However, two of the decision functions reproduce the experimentally observed learning curves. Finally, the enhanced model is used to predict that a novel transverse non-patterning problem is learnable.
Synthesis and evaluation of coumermycin A1 analogues that inhibit the Hsp90 protein folding machinery.

The coumarin antibiotics are not only potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase but also represent the most effective C-terminal inhibitors of 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) reported thus far. In contrast to the N-terminal ATP-binding site, little is known about the Hsp90 C-terminus. In addition, very limited structure−activity relationships exist between this class of natural products and Hsp90. In this letter, the syntheses of dimeric coumarin analogues are presented along with their inhibitory values in breast cancer cell lines.
Dual-band shorted patch antenna with significant size reduction using a meander slot

A design technique for a dual-band broadside antenna element with significant size reduction compared with the related λ/2 slotted patch antenna is presented. By introducing a meander slot and shorting components, the area of the antenna element is reduced by a factor of approximately 7 with considerable flexibility in the desired frequency ratio of the two operating bands and without use of high-permittivity dielectrics. Starting with patch antenna elements previously discussed in the literature, the evolution leading to our final design is outlined which provides good insight into how the proposed antenna element functions as well as how to tune it for custom applications.
Antisense Oligonucleotides Shed New Light on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders that cause infant mortality. SMA is caused by loss of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, resulting in the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord.1,2 In type 1 SMA, the most severe form, onset of disease occurs before 6 months of age and death occurs within the first 2 years of life. There is currently no effective treatment for SMA. Using systematic administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to neonatal mice, Hua et al. now show that this approach has a robust ability to rescue a mouse model of severe SMA, significantly extending the life span of affected mice.3 The new data also reveal a role for liver-produced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the development of SMA pathogenesis. These findings not only raise questions concerning the involvement of peripheral tissues, such as liver, in SMA pathogenesis but also provide new leads for developing potential drug candidates to treat this devastating disease.
Correlation of protein partitioning in aqueous polymer two-phase systems

A correlation is presented for the partitioning of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems. The correlation relates the natural logarithm of the protein partition coefficient to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration difference between the phases, (w1″ — w1′), by the equation, 1n K = A(w1″ — w1′) + b(w1″ — w1′)2. This relationship was shown to fit protein partitioning data obtained from eight two-phase sytems at pH 7.0, four consisting of PEG 8000—Dextran T-500—water systems and four consisting of PEG 3400—potassium phosphate—water systems.Seven different proteins, ribonuclease, lysozyme, trypsin, rhodanese, transferrin, hexokinase and invertase, with a molecular weight range of 10 000–270 000, were utilized in this work. Each of the proteins partitioned with different values of the empirical constants A and b.
Drug-related arrest rates and spatial access to syringe exchange programs in New York City health districts: Combined effects on the risk of injection-related infections among injectors

Drug-related law enforcement activities may undermine the protective effects of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) on local injectors' risk of injection-related infections. We explored the spatial overlap of drug-related arrest rates and access to SEPs over time (1995-2006) in New York City health districts, and used multilevel models to investigate the relationship of these two district-level exposures to the odds of injecting with an unsterile syringe. Districts with better SEP access had higher arrest rates, and arrest rates undermined SEPs' protective relationship with unsterile injecting. Drug-related enforcement strategies targeting drug users should be de-emphasized in areas surrounding SEPs.
Distributed event-triggered robot control system over controller area network

In this paper the distributed control systems, of which components are managed with event-triggered and/or time-triggered approaches to exchange messages and function properly, are discussed. Furthermore a prototype of the distributed control systems is designed, developed and tested so as to understand more and to find a better way to control various components of the real-time systems efficiently. The proposed prototype system is implemented over the controller area network (CAN) to have several components/robots function in synchronous and asynchronous ways. In order to understand the relationship of the hardware/software components of the prototype system, the unified modeling language (UML) diagrams are developed while building the test bed system physically and developing programs to function properly for the components of the proposed system.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Evolution of a Signal of Aggressive Intent in Northern Swordtail Fishes

Abstract: The initiation of a coevolutionary relationship between signal and response can be explained by either the receiver taking advantage of information inadvertently provided by the sender or the sender taking advantage of a perceptual bias in the receiver. In addition, once both signal and response are present, the exchange of information may or may not be cooperative. We examined the evolution of a signal of aggressive intent (expression of vertical bars) across all the northern swordtail fishes (Xiphophorus) in a phylogenetic context. We found that the signal was present before responses evolved, which suggests that this coevolutionary relationship was initiated by the receiver taking advantage of information inadvertently provided by the signaler. In addition, we introduce a novel method for examining the cooperative nature of signaling systems and provide some evidence to suggest that in this signaling system, receivers may be exploiting an honest signal in some species.
Regeneration of reduced-denatured seminal ribonuclease: Effect of modification at cysteines 31 and 32

Abstract The temperature dependences of glutathione-facilitated regeneration of ribonuclease A and seminal ribonuclease are quite different although the two proteins are homologous. This difference in the two enzymes appears to result from the presence of two additional half-cystine residues in seminal ribonuclease. When these two cysteines are alkylated with either a neutral or positively charged blocking agent, the regeneration process becomes seemingly temperature insensitive. On the other hand, negatively charged agents are less effective in restoring normal regeneration kinetics. The modifications also render the protein more stable against thermal inactivation, a process which presumably contributes to the unusual temperature dependence of regeneration. These data reveal the potential importance of peripheral groups in the regeneration and stability of proteins. A model is proposed to explain these observations.
Sound source imaging of low-flying airborne targets with an acoustic camera array

Abstract Two-dimensional images of sound source distribution from near-ground airborne sounds are created using an array of 32 microphones and time-domain beamforming. The signal processing is described and array configurations spanning a square area with a side length of 3.45 m, approximately five wavelengths for a 500 Hz sound, are examined. Simulations of a 32-element under-populated log 6 × log 6 spaced array are given for sound sources centered over the array at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz. Stochastically optimized array geometry with a simulated annealing algorithm is discussed and a 32-element array optimized for a 500 Hz source is given along with a simulated image for direct comparison with the log 6 spaced array. Images from field testing a 32-element under-populated log 6 × log 6 spaced array are provided for a small aircraft flyover. Results show that this type of acoustic camera generates accurate images of sound source location. Suggested uses include monitoring small aircraft flying too low to be detected by radar as well as monitoring ecological events, such as bird migration.
Natural Analogues: Alamosa River Monzonite Intrusive into Tuffaceous and Andesitic Rocks

This project encompasses investigations of selected natural analogues of minerals and rocks containing radioelements and fission-product elements, to ascertain how radionuclides and their daughter elements may migrate from sites or origin in response to long-term natural processes such as heating due to an igneous intrusion, circulating hydrothermal systems, diffusion through the rock matrix, weathering and erosion. Comparison of natural occurrences with conceptual models based on laboratory data will furnish a test of such models over time periods comparable to or longer than those expected for a repository. For this study, we have examined large-scale intrusions of igneous rocks which have profoundly affected the thermal and hydrologic settings of large masses of surrounding country rock, and occurrences where migration of elements has occurred after intrusion and subsequent cooling. Specifically, we have investigated the Alamosa River stock, intrusive into tuffaceous rocks and andesites of the Platoro Caldera in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado. The oxygen isotopic studies show the effect of extensive hydrothermal activity on the intruded rocks, as well as the host tuffaceous and flow rocks. Convective cooling has been demonstrated for the Alamosa River Stock. The distribution of U, Th, REE, V, K, Ti, in each rock ismore » apparently unaffected by the intrusion. This is true also for Rb, Sr, Ta, Na, and others, although for some of these elements there is no strong chemical gradient between the rocks. Some elements show some evidence for contact zone mobility, but only within ten meters or so of the contact (Cs, Cr, Co). Both the mozonite and tuff have retained their bulk chemistry during and after intrusion. The absence of elemental migration between the tuffs and monzonites, even in a convective system, supports continued assessment of such rocks for radwaste repository consideration.« less
Calcium uptake by reconstituted vesicles is mediated by a chymotrypsin‐sensitive peptide associated with cytochrome oxidase

Despite some controversy concerning the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria [ 1,2], it is generally agreed that the process is electrophoretic, driven by the respiratory activity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A small polypeptide fulfilling the requirements of an ionophore has been isolated from calf heart mitochondria and it reportedly participates in the electrophoretic, ruthenium-red sensitive uptake of Ca2’ [3]. It was shown in [4,5] that submitochondrical particles prepared from beef heart and from rat liver mitochondria catalyze an energy-dependent inward movement of Ca’+. Because the sonic particles have an ‘inside-out’ polarity, their ability to accumulate Ca2+ was at variance with the electrophoretic uptake of Ca2+ into mitochondria. But these data became reconcilable in view of the evidence for more than one mitochondrial Ca2+ transport system [6]. Thus, the process in the inverted particles represented a mechanism for the efflux of Ca2+ through a Ca2’/H’ antiporter which is described in [7]. This efflux system is an electrically neutral, ruthenium-red insensitive process regulated by the oxidation-reduction state of pyridine nucleotides [8]. However, the complexity of Ca2+ movements is further illustrated by the finding that efflux mechanisms in different mammalian tissues are clearly dissimilar [9], a fact which undoubtedly contributes to some of the diverse interpretations of and controversies over the transport of Ca’+.
Polar Decomposition of Locally Finite Groups

The study of loops as transversals in groups dates back to the works of Reinhold Baer. In the past few years there have been several papers using polar decomposition in linear algebra in order to construct Bruck loops. In this paper we generalize the notion of polar decomposition to any arbitrary group, and we show that in any polar decomposition the binary operation “inherited” from the group leads to the construction of a Bruck loop.
The Rotation-Tunneling Spectrum of Argon-Acetaldehyde: Theory and Analysis

Abstract The microwave spectrum of argon-acetaldehyde is split into quartets which are rotation-tunneling in character. Qualitatively, each asymmetric-rotor level is first split into an A and an E component by internal rotation of the methyl group. These A and E components are then each further split into another doublet, as the argon (effectively) tunnels from a position above the acetaldehyde heavy atom plane to an equivalent position below that plane. The observed transitions (220 lines with J ≤ 7) have been fitted to nearly experimental accuracy (8 kHz) using 29 parameters. The Hamiltonian was expressly designed for the Ar-acetaldehyde system and was constructed using group-theoretical considerations and principles from the generalized internal axis method formalism originally developed for the water dimer. This is the first application of the method to a case involving an inversion motion and methyl internal rotation.
Companion Animals: In Sickness and in Health

The literature on animals as human companions is divided into studies of naturally occurring pet ownership and studies in which pets have been introduced as some form of intervention. Research on naturally occurring pet ownership has yielded mixed results, although there is a tendency for studies that are stronger methodologically to show some mental or physical health advantage to ownership. The evaluation of interventions has not yet progressed beyond clinical impressions. Thus, the potential of such interventions has not been adequately assessed. I discuss human-animal relations in terms of attachment and stress reduction, using data from my research to illustrate the stress reduction perspective.
Examining the role of nutrition support and outcomes for hospitalized patients: putting nutrition back in the study design.

For more than 40 years the use of nonvolitional feedings (ie, enteral nutrition [EN] and parenteral nutrition [PN]) has been a mainstay of the medical nutrition therapy that registered dietitians (RDs) utilize for their hospitalized patients with limited or no gastrointestinal function. To date, the use of this therapy remains somewhat controversial, and some clinicians dispute that its risks and costs outweigh its benefits. This commentary will explore the findings of prospective randomized clinical trials that compared PN or EN to standard care (ie, normal, volitional dietary intake), cite specific reasons why these findings may have occurred, and discuss the potential contribution the RD can provide to optimize study designs for these types of investigations.
An SH3 binding motif within the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus interacts with the host cellular signaling proteins STAMI, TXK, Fyn, Hck, and cortactin

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an economically important global swine disease, and has a complicated virus–host immunomodulation that often leads to a weak Th2 immune response and viral persistence. In this study, we identified a Src homology 3 (SH3) binding motif, PxxPxxP, that is conserved within the N protein of PRRSV strains. Subsequently, we identified five host cellular proteins [signal transducing adaptor molecule (STAM)I, TXK tyrosine kinase (TXK), protein tyrosine kinase fyn (Fyn), hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), and cortactin] that interact with this SH3 motif. We demonstrated that binding of SH3 proteins with PRRSV N protein depends on at least one intact PxxP motif as disruption of P53 within the motif significantly reduced interaction of each of the 5 proteins. The first PxxP motif appears to be more important for STAMI–N protein interactions whereas the second PxxP motif was more important for Hck interaction. Both STAMI and Hck interactions with PRRSV N protein required an unhindered C-terminal domain as the interaction was only observed with STAMI and Hck proteins with N-terminal but not C-terminal fluorescent tags. We showed that the P56 residue within the SH3 motif is critical for virus lifecycle as mutation resulted in a loss of virus infectivity, however the P50 and P53 mutations did not abolish virus infectivity suggesting that these highly conserved proline residues within the SH3 motif may provide a selective growth advantage through interactions with the host rather than a vital functional element. These results have important implications in understanding PRRSV–host interactions.
Equipment Replacement Analysis: A Literature Review and Directions for Future Research

Replacing equipment is an important decision that nearly all entities must face, generally motivated by rising operating and maintenance costs of current assets or the technological advances of available assets in the market. The problem has been studied for nearly a century. In this article, we survey single and multiple asset solution approaches under a variety of settings, including technological change, variable utilization, tax, and various uncertainties. Furthermore, we illustrate a number of open problems that are worthy of future study.
Solar injury of “crenshaw” muskmelons: the influence of ultraviolet radiation and of high tissue temperatures

Abstract Solar injury (SI) of “Crenshaw” muskmelons ( Cucumis melo L., Inodorous group) grown under field conditions was serious when ultraviolet (UV) irradiance between 290 and 400 nm exceeded 20 W m −2 and when the maximum temperature of the fruit just below the surface ( Tmax ) exceeded 50°C. When UV was between 10 and 20 W m −2 SI was moderate when Tmax was above 50°C, but mild when Tmax was below 50°C. No SI developed when UV was below about 10 W m −2 and Tmax was below 50°C. The various environments were achieved by covering the fruits with vented plastic tents that transmitted various proportions of solar radiation. The pattern of development of SI indicated that high tissue temperatures and UV jointly induce the symptoms of SI; high temperatures are primarily responsible for the darkening associated with SI, whereas UV bleaches the injured tissue.
Deficient heat shock protein expression: A potential mechanism for the sudden infant death syndrome

Induction of heat shock proteins follows a metabolic stress and protects from subsequent stresses. Stressors proposed for the sudden infant death syndrome include infection, environmentally-induced hyperthermia and hypoxia. Failure to express heat shock proteins to such stressful conditions may lead to reduced tolerance, and enhance inappropriate physiologic responses and vulnerability which ultimately may lead to infant death.
Thermodynamic signature of GCN4-bZIP binding to DNA indicates the role of water in discriminating between the AP-1 and ATF/CREB sites.

The energetic basis of GCN4-bZIP complexes with the AP-1 and ATF/CREB sites was investigated by optical methods and scanning and isothermal titration microcalorimetry. The dissociation constant of the bZIP dimer was found to be significantly higher than that of its isolated leucine zipper domain: at 20 8C it is 1.45 mM and increases with temperature. To avoid complications from dissociation of this dimer, DNA binding experiments were carried out using an SS crosslinked version of the bZIP. The thermodynamic characteristics of the bZIP/DNA association measured at different temperatures and salt concentrations were corrected for the contribution of refolding the basic segment upon binding, determined from the scanning calorimetric experiments. Fluorescence anisotropy titration experiments showed that the association constants of the bZIP at 20 8C with the AP-1 and ATF/CREB binding sites do not differ much, being 1.5 nM and 6.4 nM, corresponding to Gibbs energies of K49 kJ molK1 and K46 kJ molK1, respectively. Almost half of the Gibbs energy is attributable to the electrostatic component, resulting from the entropic effect of counterion release upon DNA association with the bZIP and is identical for both sites. In contrast to the Gibbs energies, the enthalpies of association of the fully folded bZIP with the AP-1 and ATF/CREB sites, and correspondingly the entropies of association, are very different. bZIP binding to the AP-1 site is characterized by a substantially larger negative enthalpy and non-electrostatic entropy than to the ATF/CREB site, implying that the AP-1 complex incorporates significantly more water molecules than the ATF/CREB complex.
A case of von Gierke's disease with marked lipemia

Summary A case of von Gierke's disease occurring in a sixteen-month-old infant * is presented. Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, acetonuria, aglycogenolysis, and marked lipemia are the diagnostic findings.
Novel primitive swallowing reflex: Facial receptor distribution and stimulus characteristics

We recently described a primitive swallowing reflex: swallowing as a response to a puff of air administered to the face. To identify the facial afferent distribution of this response, the necessary characteristics of the stimulus, and the role of the infant's antecedent behavior, we studied 13 infants who had demonstrated this reflex.
Oxidative dimerization of ferulic acid by extracts from Sorghum

Abstract Extracts from leaves and first internodes of Sorghum bicolor catalyze the conversion of ferulic acid to a β-β-coupled dimer, the dilactone dimer of ferulic acid. The dilactone is then hydrolyzed, probably non-enzymatically, to a blue fluorescing compound, tentatively identified as a β-β-coupled dimer with at least one lactone ring opened to form a carboxylic acid. Both the initial enzymatic and the subsequent non-enzymatic steps are greater at pH 8 than pH 6. The most active preparation is a crude particulate fraction from leaves obtained by centrifugation at 37000 g ; white light increases the amount of dimer formed.
A major error in nomograms for estimating body mass index

The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health and Diet and Health include a nomogram for determining body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) when the subject's weight and height are known. I regret to report that the BMI in nomograms in these books are highly inaccurate when compared with direct calculations of BMI. Anyone wishing to use a nomogram for the rapid estimation of BMI should be cautioned against relying on the versions that appear in these books.
Sonic hedgehog pathway expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective:Activation of the hedgehog pathway is an important signaling mechanism crucial in embryogenesis and has strong links to carcinogenesis. This study investigates the expression of the Sonic...
User-Centric Environment Discovery With Camera Networks in Smart Homes

We propose a data integration and reasoning technique for automatic environment discovery in smart homes based on observations of user interactions with objects. This approach is complementary to traditional appearance-based object recognition, which often demands large training sets. In our approach, object recognition is achieved in a semantic way by linking object behaviors to the pose and activity of the person using them. The complex relations between objects and user activities are modeled with a Markov logic network. The embodiments of the proposed approach in two multicamera smart environments are described, and the experimental results are presented.
Efficient querying of inconsistent databases with binary integer programming

An inconsistent database is a database that violates one or more integrity constraints. A typical approach for answering a query over an inconsistent database is to first clean the inconsistent database by transforming it to a consistent one and then apply the query to the consistent database. An alternative and more principled approach, known as consistent query answering, derives the answers to a query over an inconsistent database without changing the database, but by taking into account all possible repairs of the database.In this paper, we study the problem of consistent query answering over inconsistent databases for the class for conjunctive queries under primary key constraints. We develop a system, called EQUIP, that represents a fundamental departure from existing approaches for computing the consistent answers to queries in this class. At the heart of EQUIP is a technique, based on Binary Integer Programming (BIP), that repeatedly searches for repairs to eliminate candidate consistent answers until no further such candidates can be eliminated. We establish rigorously the correctness of the algorithms behind EQUIP and carry out an extensive experimental investigation that validates the effectiveness of our approach. Specifically, EQUIP exhibits good and stable performance on conjunctive queries under primary key constraints, it significantly outperforms existing systems for computing the consistent answers of such queries in the case in which the consistent answers are not first-order rewritable, and it scales well.
QUESTIONNAIRE VALIDATION BY CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS: AN IMPROVEMENT OVER MULTITRAIT-MULTIMETHOD MATRICES*

The Campbell and Fiske criteria for assessing the construct validity of multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrices has had a long history of use. While various statistical techniques, including ANOVA, have attempted to provide rigor to the MTMM matrix design, numerous problems still remain unsolved. Part of the problem in using an MTMM matrix is the assumption of measurement independence. This study attempts to illustrate the misleading inferences that often occur from MTMM analysis when method variance overlap is not accurately assessed. Three questionnaires were designed that were not method independent. Traditional procedures for assessing MTMM matrices suggested the three scaling formats used were not burdened with unusual method variance. A reanalysis of the MTMM matrix employing a Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique illustrated that method variance was a problem. Finally, the need for studies that concentrate on the nature of method variance, its causes and effects, is discussed.
Optimal pursuit-evasion paths in a game on complete cone

Differential games with simple motion in a game space with nonunique shortest geodesic line have complicated structure of singular surfaces. The successful solution of such games on a family of two-dimensional cones was based to the large extent on the parameter analysis of the problem. Simultaneous consideration of the games for all possible parameters was very useful for the determination of the bifurcation points where the structure of optimal phase portraits changes. In the present paper the results of pursuit game on a cone of one nappe are extended to the game on the full cone of two nappes. The latter surface is included in one-parametric family of rotation surfaces (each of which is characterized by two more parameters), and the game on it is considered as the generating problem for the analysis of the games on the perturbed surfaces.
New polyfluoroalkoxysulfonyl fluorides. Part VIII. Alcoholic and polymeric derivatives

Abstract The epoxide OCH 2 C HCH2OCF2CF2SO2F (1) has been used in the preparation of new fluorocarbon sulfonyl fluorides containing aromatic primary and secondary alcohols, chlorohydrin and diol groups:HOCH2CH(OCH2C6H5)CH2OCF2CF2SO2F (2); C6H5CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2OCF2CF2SO2F (3); ClCH2CH-(OH)CH2OCF2CF2SO2F (4); and HOCH2CH(OH)OCF2CF2SO2F (5). A new polyester, [C(O)CF2CF2CF2C(O)-OCH2CH(CH2OCF2CF2SO2F)O]n (6) and a derived urethane polymer 7 were also prepared. The compositionof the urethane polymer indicated that per mol of diol 5, 6 mol of 1,6-diisocyanohexane were needed. Infrared, NMR and mass spectra data support the assigned structures.