cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rematronic: project to recovery precious metals from electronic waste

The large and grown amount of electronic waste (e-waste) demand technological solutions to minimize the environmental impact. In this context, the recycling of e-waste, focused on the recovery of precious metals from printed circuit boards (PCBs), emerges as a sustainable solution to reduce environmental impact and creates employment and income through the recycling processes. In this direction, the Center for Information Renato Archer (CTI), supported by National Bank of Economic and Social Development (BNDES) and a Brazilian company called "Gerenciamento de Residuos Industriais (GRI)", is developing a national technology to recovery precious metals from PCBs. This development is under a project named REMATRONIC. For a better adaptation to a Brazilian context as volume of e-waste and geographical characteristics, the project will avoid pyrometallurgy and adopt a hydrometallurgy and biohydrometallurgy as the main routes. This paper aims to present the REMATRONIC project and technologies to recovery precious metals from PCBs. It is expected this technology became a mechanism to add more value to the recycling chain in Brazil thus contributing to economic viability of e-waste reverse logistics.
Rapid assembly and crystallization of a fossil large-volume silicic magma chamber

The rates at which large volumes of eruptible, silicic (>65 wt% SiO2) magma (magma chambers) are assembled, as well as their longevity in the upper crust, remain controversial. This controversy is due, in part, to a missing record of granitoid plutonic complexes that represent large fossil upper crustal magma chambers. We present new geologic mapping and high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology from the Eocene Golden Horn batholith in Washington State, USA. These data reveal that the batholith was constructed as a series of sills over 739 ± 34 k.y. Topographic relief of >2 km permits volume estimates for 4 of the sills, the largest of which, a >424 km3 rapakivi granite, was emplaced over 26 ± 25 k.y. at a rate of ∼0.0125 km3/yr. This rate exceeds those needed to build large, silicic magma chambers in thermal models, and we suggest that that this unit may represent the first fossil magma chamber of this type recognized in the geologic record.
Upgrades to the Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit Heated Fuel System (Invited)

As part of the upgrades required to support the Medium Scale Critical Components (MSCC) program testing, an existing high-temperature and high-pressure heated fuel system at the Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit (APTU) is being modified and upgraded to provide endothermic heated fuel to scramjet propulsion test systems. This paper will address the overall requirements for the new fuel heater system and then discuss the multiple upgrades. The mechanical design will be discussed with comparisons to the previous system. The new control system will be discussed along with the installed instrumentation. Finally, upgrades to the electrical power supply system at APTU will be discussed.
Facile fabrication of "dual click" one- and two-dimensional orthogonal peptide concentration gradients.

Peptides, proteins, and extracellular matrix act synergistically to influence cellular function at the biotic–synthetic interface. However, identifying the individual and cooperative contributions of the various combinations and concentration regimes is extremely difficult. The confined channel deposition method we describe affords highly tunable orthogonal reactive concentration gradients that greatly expand the dynamic range, spatial control, and chemical versatility of the reactive silanes that can be controllably deposited. Using metal-free “dual click” immobilization chemistries, multiple peptides with a variety of functionality can be immobilized efficiently and reproducibly enabling optimal concentration profiling and the assessment of synergistic interactions.
Quantifying Some Information Processing Requirements of the Pilot's Instrument Crosscheck

Previous research concerning the pilot's visual scan is descriptive/predictive in nature. This experiment quantitatively demonstrates the information processing aspects of one instrument monitoring technique. The results imply that experienced pilot eye movement patterns reflect workload minimization strategies developed early during flight training.
Kernel machine score test for pathway analysis in the presence of semi-competing risks.

In cancer studies, patients often experience two different types of events: a non-terminal event such as recurrence or metastasis, and a terminal event such as cancer-specific death. Identifying pathways and networks of genes associated with one or both of these events is an important step in understanding disease development and targeting new biological processes for potential intervention. These correlated outcomes are commonly dealt with by modeling progression-free survival, where the event time is the minimum between the times of recurrence and death. However, identifying pathways only associated with progression-free survival may miss out on pathways that affect time to recurrence but not death, or vice versa. We propose a combined testing procedure for a pathway’s association with both the cause-specific hazard of recurrence and the marginal hazard of death. The dependency between the two outcomes is accounted for through perturbation resampling to approximate the test’s null distribution, without ...
Nonrespiratory Function of the Lung: Biochemical Aspects

ABSTRACT We have studied the pulmonary effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure in rats using a series of biochemical parameters, including lung weight, protein and DNA contents, oxygen consumption, glucose metabolism, sulfhydryl metabolism, and the activities of various marker enzymes. To date, the exposure has included nitrogen dioxide concentrations between 3 and 7 ppm (5640 and 13160 ug/m 3 ) for periods of up to 7 days. The enzymatic activitiesjn the lung showed a general increase after exposure to 7 ppm (13160 ug/m 3 nitrogen dioxide. After exposure to 3 ppm (5640 ug/m 3 ) nitrogen dioxide these activities showed only a trend of nonsignificant increase. However, if the animals were made deficient in dietary vitamin E, an exposure to 3 ppm (5640 ug/m 3 ) nitrogen dioxide produced a significant increase in biochemical parameters measured. These increases might signify a repair of lung tissue injured by nitrogen dioxide, and that the injurious effects could be modulated by altering dietary antioxidant nutrient.
Legal Publishing: Establishing Context through the Lens of Disruptive Innovation

ABSTRACTAs legal research tools come and go, an understanding of the continuing changes in legal publishing can provide a better understanding of those developments. One way in which law librarians...
A Parsimonious Language Model of Social Media Credibility Across Disparate Events

Social media has increasingly become central to the way billions of people experience news and events, often bypassing journalists---the traditional gatekeepers of breaking news. Naturally, this casts doubt on the credibility of information found on social media. Here we ask: Can the language captured in unfolding Twitter events provide information about the event's credibility? By examining the first large-scale, systematically-tracked credibility corpus of public Twitter messages (66M messages corresponding to 1,377 real-world events over a span of three months), and identifying 15 theoretically grounded linguistic dimensions, we present a parsimonious model that maps language cues to perceived levels of credibility. While not deployable as a standalone model for credibility assessment at present, our results show that certain linguistic categories and their associated phrases are strong predictors surrounding disparate social media events. In other words, the language used by millions of people on Twitter has considerable information about an event's credibility. For example, hedge words and positive emotion words are associated with lower credibility.
Lessons From Management 101: Learning to Manage Ourselves:

The Management 101 Project continues to shape our understanding of what’s essential to an introductory general education course in management. Our ongoing challenge is to integrate responsibilities...
A Review of Resources and Methodologies Available for Teaching and Assessing Patient-Related Communication Skills in Radiology

ACGME expectations for radiology trainees' proficiencies in communication skills pose a challenge to program directors who wish to develop curricula addressing these competencies. Numerous educational resources and pedagogical approaches have emerged to address such competencies specifically for radiology, but have yet to be systematically catalogued. In this paper, we review and compile these resources into a toolkit that will help residencies develop curricula around patient-centered communication. We describe numerous web-based resources and published models that have incorporated innovative, contemporary pedagogical techniques. In undertaking this compilation, our hope is to kindle discussion about the development of formalized or standardized communication curricula or guides for radiology residencies.
A Christian Shīʿī, and Other Curious Confreres: Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr of Córdoba on Getting Along with Unbelievers

ABSTRACTHow did medieval Muslims think that they, as Muslims, ought to conduct their social interactions with non-Muslims? Modern scholars have usually sought answers to this normative question in Islamic legal sources. Yet premodern Muslim authorities also treated it in genres other than those that are usually considered part of “Islamic law”. This essay considers a passage in which the renowned Cordoban scholar Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr (d. 463/1071) addressed the issue: the chapter in his literary anthology entitled “Fraternizing with Someone Not of Your Religion”. That chapter, like much premodern Arabic literature, displays considerable moral complexity. It advances a distinctly Islamic, morally ambiguous normative vision of social relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, one that contrasts with the relatively dour and formulaic treatment of the same subject in Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr’s juristic writings. This ambivalent treatment reflects the breadth of Islamic thought concerning how Muslims should interact with ...
Use of transabdominal (external) ultrasound during balloon dilatation to diagnose tracheobronchial remnant in congenital esophageal stenosis

Preoperativedifferential diagnosis between tracheobronchial remnant (TBR) and other typesof congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is challenging, even when usingendoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). This report is the first to demonstrate theuse of transabdominal (external) ultrasound during balloon dilatation todiagnose TBR in CES. This simple technique is a promising diagnostic tool forTBR as an alternative to EUS.
The Panic of 1857, the New York Clearing House, and the Concept of Insolvency (a)

The Panic of 1857 stands out in financial history for its severity, for the coordination of banks through the New York Clearing House (NYCH), for the establishment of a legal doctrine about illiquidity during a panic, and for its aggravation of regional tensions. Profiled in this case are the events of the panic, the range of potential causes, and the civic reaction. Excerpt UVA-F-1792 Rev. Jun. 17, 2020 The Panic of 1857, the New York Clearing House, and the Concept of Insolvency (A) Four Perspectives on the Unfolding Panic On the afternoon of October 13, 1857, John Livingston entered the Bank of New York seeking to convert two circulation notes into specie. The notes indicated that the bank would redeem them for specie on demand. The face value of each note was $ 100. Upon being presented with the notes for redemption, the teller refused. That same day, member banks of the New York Clearing House declared that they would suspend convertibility of their circulation notes into specie. In Livingston's view, an existing law enabled depositors to petition the courts for summary dissolution of any bank that had suspended convertibility for a period of time. Therefore, John Livingston sued to dissolve the Bank of New York in order to extract his claim of $ 200 in specie. The case was brought before Justice James J. Roosevelt of the New York State Supreme Court. On October 19, 1857, Roosevelt read an opinion in favor of the defendant (see Exhibit 1). Observers wondered why the court made this exception to the law. Was the court's decision sound policy? . . .
“The Penance of Life”: The Testimonial Paradigm in Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

This article argues that The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’s curious and much commented on theology is best accounted for by examining it in relation to a shift in religious discourses. The poem evidences a disconcerting shift from a Catholic confessional dynamic to one closer akin to an Evangelical paradigm of testimony. As such, the article begins by accounting for the importance of testimony (and its theological logic) in the Evangelical milieu which spread across Britain during Coleridge’s early to middle years. It next examines Coleridge’s developing religious thought in relation to Evangelical concepts, pointing to the significance of what J. Robert Bart termed a “balance” between “man’s work and God’s work in the process of faith; man’s will and God’s will; rational argumentation and divinely granted revelation; objective evidence and subjective religious experience.” Upon situating Coleridge in relation to Evangelical concepts of witnessing, the article more fully examines The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, focusing on the shift in theological logic that changes a kind of Catholic confessional impulse towards an on-going urge to testimony, finally linking the burning feeling that compels the Mariner’s testimony to the Pentecost event as related in the New Testament book of Acts.
Institutional experience with total neoadjuvant therapy for low-lying rectal tumors.

123Background: Surgery has traditionally been the primary treatment for rectal cancer with consideration of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies based on stage. Recent studies have shown that Total N...
Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Atrial Fibrillation: the LAA-CAA Cohort

Anticoagulation increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), so the management of stroke-risk in patients with both atrial fibrillation (AF) and CAA is controversial. Advances in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) techniques provide a stroke-risk-reduction option which avoids long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC). We aimed to evaluate the safety of this intervention in patients with CAA. This is an observational cohort study of patients with severe CAA (with or without ICH) and AF who were treated with LAA closure. The Watchman™ and Amulet® LAAC devices and Lariat procedure or open surgical closure of the LAA were all considered acceptable means of closure. Patients with symptomatic ICH and those naive to anticoagulation were placed on clopidogrel and/or aspirin for 6 weeks after the procedure; patients who previously tolerated anticoagulation remained on warfarin or a DOAC for 6 weeks post-procedure. All anticoagulation therapy was discontinued after confirmation of LAAC. All patients had aggressively optimized blood pressure and fall precautions in addition to surgical intervention. Safety, tolerability, stroke, and hemorrhage rates were documented. Twenty-six patients with a mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4.6 were treated, 13 with a history of symptomatic lobar hemorrhage and 13 without. All patients who completed LAAC tolerated the device implantation. There were no documented ischemic strokes or symptomatic ICH during the 30 days after device implantation. Patients were followed for an average of 25 months. One patient who underwent Lariat LAAC had an ischemic stroke in follow-up, but recovered well; there were no other thromboemboli in this cohort. This cohort study provides evidence that LAAC appears to be a safe and tolerable treatment to reduce stroke risk in patients with CAA. Because of the small size of the cohort and relatively short follow-up, the efficacy for stroke and ICH prevention is not conclusive, but the preliminary results are encouraging. LAA closure may be a good alternative to anticoagulation in patients with CAA and atrial fibrillation.
Steadfast benevolence: A new framework for understanding important adult-youth relationships for adolescents in care

Abstract Positive relationships with parents, caregivers and other adults are shown as critically important in supporting child and adolescent development. One consequence for youth of being involved in the child welfare system is the disruption of these relationships. Youth in care often lack relational permanence or meaningful bonds to sustain them in their transition to adulthood. Relationship-based interventions for youth in care, such as kinship care and mentoring, are poised to improve on youths’ relationships with adults, though many intervention programs for youth in care are skills-based. This study is based on interviews with 17 adolescents in care (88% African–American, 12% Latinx, 14–19 years old, from a large urban center) who were part of a program aimed at supporting high-school aged youth in care in their transition to adulthood. Through iterative coding of all interviews, adult-adolescent relationships facilitated by the program emerged as a strong area of focus within the data. Data reflecting this focus were further analyzed using an interpretivist thematic approach. Findings reveal that adolescents experienced the program-based relationships in family terms, which were further classified by attributes captured by the central conceptual framework reflected in the data, identified as steadfast benevolence. Findings point to steadfast benevolence as an umbrella for multiple positive and instrumental relational qualities. This article concludes with discussion of implications of this concept for practice and future research.
Discussion draft of the preliminary framework for equitable allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame Vaccination against this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), offers the possibility of significantly reducing severe morbidity and mortality and transmission when deployed alongside other public health strategies and improved therapies © 2020 by the National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved
Tumor response prediction in 90Y radioembolization with PET-based radiomics features and absorbed dose metrics.

To evaluate whether lesion radiomics features and absorbed dose metrics extracted from post-therapy 90Y PET can be integrated to better predict outcomes in microsphere radioembolization of liver malignancies Given the noisy nature of 90Y PET, first, a liver phantom study with repeated acquisitions and varying reconstruction parameters was used to identify a subset of robust radiomics features for the patient analysis. In 36 radioembolization procedures, 90Y PET/CT was performed within a couple of hours to extract 46 radiomics features and estimate absorbed dose in 105 primary and metastatic liver lesions. Robust radiomics modeling was based on bootstrapped multivariate logistic regression with shrinkage regularization (LASSO) and Cox regression with LASSO. Nested cross-validation and bootstrap resampling were used for optimal parameter/feature selection and for guarding against overfitting risks. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze feature associations. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used for lesion response (at first follow-up) analysis while Kaplan-Meier plots and c-index were used to assess progression model performance. Models with absorbed dose only, radiomics only, and combined models were developed to predict lesion outcome. The phantom study identified 15/46 reproducible and robust radiomics features that were subsequently used in the patient models. A lesion response model with zone percentage (ZP) and mean absorbed dose achieved an AUC of 0.729 (95% CI 0.702–0.758), and a progression model with zone size nonuniformity (ZSN) and absorbed dose achieved a c-index of 0.803 (95% CI 0.790–0.815) on nested cross-validation (CV). Although the combined models outperformed the radiomics only and absorbed dose only models, statistical significance was not achieved with the current limited data set to establish expected superiority. We have developed new lesion-level response and progression models using textural radiomics features, derived from 90Y PET combined with mean absorbed dose for predicting outcome in radioembolization. These encouraging, but limited results, will need further validation in independent and larger datasets prior to any clinical adoption.
Drug Discovery Insights from Medicinal Beetles in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the primary source of medical treatment for the people inhabiting East Asia for thousands of years. These ancient practices have incorporated a wide variety of materia medica including plants, animals and minerals. As modern sciences, including natural products chemistry, emerged, there became increasing efforts to explore the chemistry of this materia medica to find molecules responsible for their traditional use. Insects, including beetles have played an important role in TCM. In our survey of texts and review articles on TCM materia medica, we found 48 species of beetles from 34 genera in 14 different families that are used in TCM. This review covers the chemistry known from the beetles used in TCM, or in cases where a species used in these practices has not been chemically studied, we discuss the chemistry of closely related beetles. We also found several documented uses of beetles in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), and included them where appropriate. There are 129 chemical constituents of beetles discussed.
Partial migration and spawning movements of humpback chub in the Little Colorado River are better understood using data from autonomous PIT tag antennas

Choosing whether or not to migrate is an important life history decision for many fishes. Here we combine data from physical captures and detections on autonomous passive integrated transponder (PI...
Women-Led Businesses: An Ethnographic Study of Gendered Entrepreneurship in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan:

As a result of the growing global economy and a development model with entrepreneurialism at its heart, women in remote and high-mountain societies in Gilgit-Baltistan, the northernmost part of Pak...
The Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Foot Measurement System.

It is estimated that approximately 40% of the population suffers from abnormal foot posture, specifically high arched or low arched feet. While the evaluation of foot posture can involve many aspects, it commonly requires the measurement of basic dimensions of the foot. Clinicians and researchers often rely on the use of specialized devices or three-dimensional (3D) scanners to evaluate specific aspects of a patient's foot posture. However, current technologies are extremely expensive, therefore highlighting the need for a cost-effective device to be used in rural and clinical settings. As a result, the purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive system to measure total foot length, truncated length, dorsum height, navicular height, and foot width. Bland-Altman plots showed significant differences between this measurement system and a 3D scanner for total foot length, truncated length, and navicular height (p < 0.001) and significant differences when assessing the repeatability of dorsum height (p = 0.022). However, the magnitudes of these differences were minimal compared to the overall measurement. Additionally, interclass correlation coefficients revealed that this system had excellent validity when compared to a 3D scanner (interclass correlation coefficients = 0.908-0.994), and good to excellent repeatability when compared between days (interclass correlation coefficients = 0.867-0.996). These results demonstrate that it is possible to design an inexpensive, valid, and repeatable system that can be used in clinical, research, and rural settings to successfully evaluate basic dimensions of the foot that can be used for the determination of foot type.
Suicidal ideation among active and nonactive/former Latter-day Saint sexual minorities.

Sexual minorities (SMs) in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) experience a number of unique risks related to their religious/spiritual and SM experience that may increase their likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation (SI) and ultimately dying by suicide. However, it is unclear which aspects of these experiences are responsible for elevated SI. It is further unclear whether religiousness/spirituality and minority stress relate to SI similarly for active and nonactive/former LDS SMs. To address this gap, we examined data from 602 active and nonactive/former LDS SMs. Active and nonactive LDS SMs reported similar degrees of SI and minority stress but differing degrees of religiousness/spirituality with active LDS SMs reporting more religiousness/spirituality than nonactive/former LDS SMs. Several variables were associated with increased SI in both groups including positive religious coping, interpersonal religious struggles, internalized homonegativity, and concealment. Other variables were associated with decreased SI in both groups including resolving conflict between sexual and religious identities, family support, and friend support. Our results suggest that whether LDS SMs are active in their faith is an important factor to consider when understanding how religiousness/spirituality and minority stress relate to SI.
Evidence in support of veterinary involvement in antimicrobial stewardship training programs in the dairy industry

The recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance has triggered initiatives aimed at conveying antimicrobial stewardship in human and veterinary medicine. The importance of effective education and training programs has been highlighted as a key area of expansion for championing judicious use of antimicrobial agents. In order to provide data that would aid in design of interventions encouraging prudent antimicrobial use, Illinois dairy farmers (n=Z0) were surveyed using a probability cluster sampling technique. Survey responses were analyzed and examined for significant trends based upon potential knowledge, attitudinal, and behavioral indices of antimicrobial stewardship. The key areas of training needs that were identified from the survey responses include appropriate antimicrobial selection, the use of protocols, improved on-farm record keeping, and understanding of the factors that constitute extra-label drug use. The results from this preliminary study highlight the need for additional antimicrobial stewardship training in this sector of the livestock industry, and may be used to guide veterinarians in developing producer-focused education and training programs aimed at encouraging best practices surrounding the practical antimicrobial stewardship necessary to foster high-health animal care systems.
Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to tinnitus research: initial data, current issues, and future perspectives

Conducting tinnitus research on humans poses challenges for investigators because of its subjective nature, the complexities involved in establishing underlying generator sites, the diversity of potential causes, and the inherent difficulties in dissociating reactive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), secondary to peripheral hearing loss, from those effects that may be due to tinnitus. One area of considerable interest concerns biomarker development, particularly in the areas of metabolism and biochemistry. Establishing a biomarker or a profile of metabolic and neurobiochemical constituents of tinnitus-related activity within the CNS could be of considerable importance for understanding the fundamental properties of this disorder. Therefore, in an effort to gain greater insight into mechanisms of tinnitus, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is being proposed as one of the several tools that can address pertinent issues. Apart from its long-standing use in analytical chemistry and physics, MRS is also being applied with greater frequency in the neurosciences to gain insight into human brain function under normal and pathological states. By considering the history of this method and advances made to date, MRS has the potential to: (1) identify unique in vivo metabolic and neurobiochemical biomarkers associated with tinnitus in specific regions of the CNS, (2) clarify and track disease pathogenesis, (3) monitor short and long-term treatment effects, and (4) serve as a tool in testing of drugs that may be used in treatment of tinnitus.
Subclinical Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Predict Physical Functional Decline in High-Functioning Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether severity of subclinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities predicts incident self-reported physical impairment or rate of decline in motor performance. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis, average follow-up time: 4.0 years. SETTING: Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). PARTICIPANTS: CHS participants with modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) score of 80 or greater, no self-reported disability, no history of stroke, and at least one assessment of mobility (n = 2,450, mean age = 74.4). MEASUREMENTS: Brain MRI abnormalities (ventricular enlargement, white matter hyperintensities, subcortical and basal ganglia small brain infarcts), self-reported physical impairment (difficulty walking half a mile or with one or more activities of daily living), and motor performance (gait speed, timed chair stand). RESULTS: After adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and diseases, risk of incident self-reported physical impairment was 35% greater for those with severe ventricular enlargement than for those with minimal ventricular enlargement, 22% greater for those with moderate white matter hyperintensities than for those with minimal white matter hyperintensities, and 26% greater for participants with at least one brain infarct than for those with no infarcts. Those with moderate to severe brain abnormalities experienced faster gait speed decline (0.02 m/s per year) than those with no MRI abnormalities (0.01 m/s per year). Further adjustment for incident stroke, incident dementia, and 3MS score did not substantially attenuate hazard ratios for incident self-reported physical impairment or coefficients for decline in gait speed. CONCLUSION: Subclinical structural brain abnormalities in high-functioning older adults can increase the risk of developing physical disabilities and declining in motor performance.
The CMU rover

An advanced camera-equipped mobile robot is being built at the CMU Robotics Institute to support research in control, perception, planning and related issues. It will be used initially to continue and extend visual navigation work (the Cart Project) completed in 1981 at Stanford's Al Lab. but is designed with mechanical, sensor and controller flexibility which should permit it to support a wide variety of other efforts.
Hospital chaplains' involvement in a randomized controlled multidisciplinary trial: implications for spiritual care and research.

Chaplains' involvement in spirituality and health research can contribute something vital and unique to these investigations. It can also provide opportunity for professional growth and increased e...
A two degree-of-freedom microprocessor based extended physiological proprioception (EPP) controller for upper limb prostheses

A two degree-of-freedom microprocessor based controller that uses the principle of Extended Physiological Proprio- ception (EPP), was designed for the simultaneous multifunctional control of upper-limb prostheses. In an EPP system, the output is related to the input by a mechanically "unbeatable" position servomechanism. Use of embedded microprocessor systems in the control of upper-limb prostheses provides a high degree of control algorithm flexibility allowing different control algorithms to be downloaded and executed in the same controller circuit. In addition, control parameters can be easily adjusted and tailored to different user capabilities. In a trans-humeral or shoulder disarticulation prosthesis we envision this controller enabling EPP control of both elbow flexion-extension, and humeral rotation. In a wrist disarticulation or trans-radial prosthesis this controller, in conjunction with other similar controllers, could provide EPP control of individual digits in a multifunctional hand prosthesis.
HORMONE-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE AVIAN PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR

Progesterone receptors are phosphoproteins, in which phosphorylation has been proposed as a control mechanism for some stages of hormone action. Progesterone administration was shown to increase phosphorylation of the receptor from both cytosol and nuclear extracts of whole cells. We have analyzed the receptor phosphopeptides generated by chemical and proteolytic cleavage to assess the number of phosphorylation sites and their approximate location in the receptor. Progesterone receptor was labeled in situ in the presence or absence of hormone in medium containing [32P] orthophosphate, isolated by immunoprecipitation, and then digested with several proteases. The resulting 32P-labeled peptides were resolved by either two-dimensional electrophoresis:chromatography or by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Multiple phosphopeptides (3-6) were detected after cleavage with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or V8 protease. Major increases in phosphorylation occurred at existing sites since after hormone treatment no new phosphopeptides were found. Individual phosphopeptides showed variable increases in phosphorylation of 1.5-5-fold. The A and B receptor forms showed identical phosphorylation patterns, indicating similar processing in vivo. The phosphopeptide pattern for receptor in nuclear extracts resembled that of cytosol receptor. Chemical cleavage was used to assess the distribution of phosphorylation sites. Cyanogen bromide produced a large 40-kDa polypeptide which contained all of the phosphorylation sites and comprised the residues 129-449. Hydroxylamine was used to cleave a unique bond, Asn-372-Gly-373, in the 40-kDa polypeptide. All of the phosphorylation sites were located on the amino-terminal side of the cleavage. Thus, all of the phosphorylation sites were localized to a specific region (Met-129 to Asn-372) of the progesterone receptor that does not include either the DNA or steroid binding domains.
Morphological Awareness and Learning to Read Chinese and English

This paper presents a model of the process by which morphological awareness facilitates reading development, and evaluates the role of morphological awareness in learning to read Chinese and English. The central idea is that morphological awareness enhances reading development by increasing the efficiency of the working memory, which in turn facilitates vocabulary learning and reading comprehension. Theoretical and empirical supports for the relationships between morphological awareness, working memory, vocabulary and reading growth are reviewed. Whether morphological awareness is more important for learning to read Chinese than learning to read English and to what extent morphological information may be more important for Chinese children’s working memory capacity are discussed. The paper is the first to link morphological awareness to verbal working memory, which opens new areas for future research endeavors that have the potential of enriching understanding of morphological awareness in learning to read.
A More Fulfilling (and Frustrating) Take on Reflexive Predictions

Even though social scientists continue to discuss the problems posed by self-fulfilling and self-frustrating predictions, philosophers of science have ignored the topic since the 1970s. Back then, the prevailing view was that the methodological problems posed by reflexive predictions are either minor or easily avoided. I believe that this consensus was premature, ultimately relying on an overly narrow understanding of the phenomenon. I present an improved way to understand reflexive predictions (framed in probabilistic terms) and show that, once such predictions are understood this way, the methodological problems they pose may turn out to be neither minor nor easily avoided.
Evaluations of the 2014 Midterm Election Forecasts

Author(s): Campbell, James E; Abramowitz, Alan I; Bafumi, Joseph; Erikson, Robert S; Wlezien, Christopher; Lewis-Beck, Michael S; Tien, Charles; Highton, Benjamin; McGhee, Eric; Sides, John
Program exclusivity and competition in the cable television industry

The authors argue that program exclusivity will be an important factor in the future of the cable television industry. They assert that prohibiting cable program exclusivity may limit the First Amendment rights of cable programmers and operators. The authors conclude that the best chance for increasing competition if program exclusivity continues is to increase the number of market participants.
Oral absorption and presystemic first-pass effect of chlorpheniramine in rabbits.

The oral absolute bioavailabilities of chloropheniramine (CPM) in four rabbits (New Zealand White, male, mean wt. 3.71 kg), averaged 0.06 +/- 0.03, 0.11 +/- 0.08, and 0.09 +/- 0.01 following a 3, 10.5, and 21 mg/kg dose, respectively. The individual bioavailability data and the AUC of one of the demethylated metabolites, desdimethyl CPM (DDCPM) obtained following different doses suggested the existence of saturable presystemic elimination. Two rabbits received an additional 10.5 mg/kg dose of CPM through portal vein infusion. Based on the oral, intraportal vein and i.v. studies, the mean extraction ratios of gut and the liver calculated for these two rabbits averaged 0.58 and 0.76, respectively. The latter value agreed well with the estimated hepatic extraction ratio from the in vitro liver homogenate study (0.89) or from the i.v. studies (0.83). The existence prehepatic first-pass effect observed in the present study was consistent with similar findings in humans and dogs.
Are low intakes of calcium and potassium important causes of cardiovascular disease

Inadequate levels of calcium and potassium intake have long been associated with higher blood pressures. Epidemiologic data have suggested these associations and many clinical trials have indicated causal relationships. However, the intervention data are plagued with inconsistent study designs, populations, and results, and there remain many questions regarding dietary recommendations of these nutrients for cardiovascular health. Until recently, nutrition research focused on single-nutrient interventions, generally with disparate results. Recognizing that nutrients are not consumed individually but as combined constituents of a varied diet, efforts in this area have shifted to the role of the overall diet, or dietary patterns, in blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. The suggestions of epidemiologic surveys nearly two decades ago that the total diet has a greater influence on cardiovascular health than do specific components, are now being borne out by randomized controlled trials demonstrating this effect. From these dietary pattern studies, it has become increasingly clear that it is not merely excesses of single nutrients but also deficiencies of multiple nutrients in combination, such as calcium and potassium, that have the greatest dietary effects on cardiovascular health. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease have now been shown to be reduced with diets that meet the current recommended dietary guidelines, ie, that provide appropriate levels of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and macronutrients. In addition, new data indicate that regular consumption of these diets is associated with decreased mortality. Adequate intake of minerals such as calcium and potassium-specifically derived from foods, where they coexist with other essential nutrients-contributes to cardiovascular as well as overall health.
Dynamic pupillary response controlled by the pupil size effect

Pupillary escape has been described as an initial contraction followed by a slow redilatation, occurring in response to a step stimulus of low-intensity light. When the initial pupil size is small, the response to the same step stimulus is pupillary capture, a steady and sustained contraction. In this experiment a comparison was made between three modes of controlling pupil size and thereby of regulating the pupillary response: contralateral light background level, ipsilateral light background level, and accommodative level with which there is no change in retinal adaptation. All three level setting modes showed similar results in illustrating the pupil size effect. In addition, an inhibitory effect was found with both ipsilateral and contralateral light backgrounds that is independent of Weber's Law in the contralateral case. Our results lead to the formulation of a binocular model, featuring an internal parameter control whereby a signal dependent on the static pupil size regulates the gains of the parallel phasic and tonic pathways, the former responsive to transient changes of light, and the latter to background levels of light and accommodative levels. Our findings also raise interesting questions concerning the loci of these complex interactions in the simple neuroanatomy of the pupillary pathways.
The influence of experience expectations on crowding perceptions and social‐psychological carrying capacities

Carrying capacities for recreation have been difficult to determine because of the tendency to consider perception of crowding as a generalized human value. Rather, such perceptions are a function of the differing expectations people may have for given recreational experiences. A study of Whitewater river recreationists in Dinosaur National Monument showed that persons who score more highly in certain experience expectations are more sensitive to crowding, that different expectations show varying sensitivities to crowding and that various user groups differ significantly in the rated importance of these expectations. A wilderness attitude scale was also employed. Persons differing in their wilderness scores also differed significantly in the rated importance of the various experience expectations, as well as in their sensitivity to crowding. Implications for the management of recreational resources are discussed.
Effect of potassium nitrate solutions on blood pressure of rats

Abstract Administration of KNO3 solutions to rats as their sole drinking fluid was accompanied by an elevation of systolic blood pressure. The maximal elevation of blood pressure occurred when the rats were ingesting 0.3 M. KNO3 solution, although even an isotonic solution elevated blood pressure to a modest degree. Treatment was accompanied by a gradual loss of body weight. Ratios of organ weight to body weight of kidneys, testis and adrenals were increased by treatment with KNO3 while organ weight ratios of heart, seminal vesicles, prostate, thyroid and thymus were not affected. A similarity exists between the physiologic responses of rats treated with the same concentrations of NaCl and KNO3.
Test Rate Effects on The Mechanical Behavior of Thin Aluminum Films

In this study, we employed nanoindentation testing to determine load rate and load rate change effects on the plastic response of a single crystal aluminum sample and of an 80 nm thick vapor deposited aluminum film on a sapphire substrate. The load rate tests showed that the thin film plastic properties exhibited a much stronger dependence on loading rate than the properties of the aluminum single crystal. In contrast, the load rate change data indicated a weak dependence of thin film plastic properties on loading. Scanning probe microscopy showed that the difference in behavior can be attributed primarily to pileup effects on contact area which increased with contact depth and loading rate. When contact area was corrected for increased pileup height, plastic properties were reduced to single crystal aluminum values.
The Second World War's impact on the progressive educational movement: Assessing its role

Abstract Evidence found in The New York Times from 1939 to 1945 and corroborating sources are used to demonstrate the impact of the Second World War on the progressive educational movement. We posit that December 7, 1941 initiated the waning of the progressive education movement in the secondary social studies curriculum. Progressive education emphasized a child-centered, experiential curriculum, an issues-centered approach to learning, and a critical analysis of society. Our findings indicate that the educational climate during the Second World War initiated a shift from questioning American institutions to celebrating them. Education became more centralized and many educational organizations were mobilized to support the war effort. Specifically, the secondary social studies curriculum became one of several propaganda vehicles in support of the war. In addition, colleges and universities became training grounds for teachers, defense workers, and soldiers. A war on the home front ensued. The progressive secondary social studies curriculum itself was viewed as placing the nation at risk. While other factors such as the Back-to-Basics movement and the Cold War contributed to the waning of the secondary progressive educational movement, World War Two (WWII) set the decline in motion.
QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL (MANGANESE DIOXIDE) ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO THE CAT.

1. Manganese dioxide suspended in an acacia-sodium chloride solution provides a non-toxic injection which in the present experiments has contained no particles larger than 1µ and which, when deposited in the body, can be determined quantitatively and seen microscopically. 2. Intravenous injections have been made under precautions which preclude removal from the blood or deposition in organs through simple capillary blockage. 3. In nine experiments out of thirteen the circulating blood contained no manganese after 18 minutes. In the four remaining instances there was a steady slight elimination which was incomplete at the end of 1 hour. Within certain limits the rate of removal from the circulating blood and the sites of deposition in the animal are not influenced by the concentration of the suspension, the blood pressure, or antecedent introduction of acacia or histamine. 4. In the cat amounts of manganese dioxide varying between 9.8 and 3.9 mg. of manganese and containing from 50,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000 particles, if injected intravenously, permit recovery at the end of 1 hour of 90 per cent of the material in the lungs, liver, and spleen in the following proportions: lungs 47 per cent; liver 38.3 per cent; spleen 4.3 per cent. 5. These experiments, coupled with correlative results by other investigators, make it clear that in certain organs—the lungs, liver, and spleen of the cat—the vascular endothelium possesses phagocytic power rendering the capillaries permeable to particulate material as well as to gases, liquids, and dissolved substances.
Retention of in vitro biological activities by desialylated human luteinizing hormone and chorionic conadotropin

Summary The marked reduction of biological activity after desialylation of human luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin is not accompanied by a corresponding loss of activity in vitro. The desialylated gonadotropins show increased affinity for gonadal binding sites, and retain a considerable degree of steroidogenic activity when incubated with the rat testis in vitro. These findings indicate that the sialic acid residues of gonadotropic hormones are not essential for biological activity at the target cell level.