cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plant and air temperatures in differentially-irrigated corn

Abstract Studies by Jackson et al. (1977) and Idso et al. (1977) indicate that wheat is not stressed for water unless leaf temperature exceeds air temperature. One objective of the study reported here was to determine relationships between leaf temperature and air temperature within corn canopies as a function of water stress. A second objective was to evaluate the effects of varying levels of plant water stress on crop temperature. A third objective was to establish the relationship between plant water stress and crop temperature in corn ( Zea mays L.) with the aim of providing practical water resource management tools. Meteorological, physiological and phenological measurements were made in nine plots of corn, grown on Valentine fine sand (Typic ustipsamment) at the Sandhills Agricultural Laboratory located near Tryon, Nebraska. Each plot received one of seven different irrigation treatments. Canopy temperatures were measured with an infrared thermometer at midday throughout the growing season. Air and leaf temperature measurements were made on an hourly basis with thermocouples. Physiological and phenological observations were made weekly. The average midday difference in canopy temperature between stressed and non-stressed areas was as large as 7.0°C. In fully-irrigated plots, the standard deviation of midday canopy temperature was about 0.3°C but in non-irrigated areas it reached, at times, 4.2°C. It is concluded that a standard deviation of temperature in a plot exceeding 0.3°C signals that some plants are experiencing water stress. This behaviour can indicate the need for irrigation. Daily profiles of leaf and air temperature in stressed and non-stressed canopies were found to be similar. Profiles tended to be lapse before crop cover was complete and inverted later in the season. At any level within the stressed canopy, plants were warmer than at the same level within the non-stressed canopy. The midday temperature of sunlit leaves of non-stressed and moderately stressed plants was generally 1–2°C below air temperature. The temperature of sunlit leaves in severely stressed plants was as much as 4.6°C above air temperature. It was observed that corn plants may be subject to water stress and still be cooler than air temperature.
OBSERVATIONS ON A DECLINING NEST OF POLISTES TEPIDUS (F.) (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)

Mating and trophallaxis were recorded from a declining nest of Polities tepidus in Brisbane. Matings occurred throughout the day, averaging 161 s in duration, most being terminated following a series of male abdominal thrusts.
Stresses and deformation in a circular matrix subject to internal pressure gradients

M engineering structures include matrices that consist of an ensemble, for example, of many plate facets. One such structure is a heat exchanger. Other similar structures may be encountered whenever weight reduction is of importance, and the ratio of load carrying capacity to the structure weight is to be as large as possible. There are two alternatives in attacking the stress analysis problem in such a matrix. The "microscopic approach where the geometry of the individual matrix cells, the external loads, and their elastic properties are defined. An analysis will then yield the stresses in each individual web of the structure. There are several major disadvantages to this approach: 1) the geometry definition of the matrix may be a laborious and practically impossible task, 2) the measurement of web properties could be difficult, and 3) a large scale computer and an enormous simultaneous equations solver routine may be necessary. The second approach is "macroscopic," where the matrix is looked upon as an elastic continuum, probably anisotropic. The disadvantages that exist in the microscopic approach are eliminated now. Geometry definition merely reduces to the description of the body boundaries. Properties are measured on a gross scale, and the use of computers may, sometimes, be completely eliminated by the der-
Cooperative Collection Development Equals Collaborative Interdependence

Resource sharing or cooperative collection development among American libraries is not new; history reveals waves of cooperative spirit over many decades. Librarians in the United States—at least since librarianship became a serious professional enterprise around the turn of the century—have exhibited a democratic altruism about information and its distribution that has resulted in the world's richest and most extensive library collections and a tradition of library service unmatched anywhere else on the globe. Cooperative collection development in one guise or another has long been a part of both that spirit and that enterprise.
Structural Determinants for Binding of Sorting Nexin 17 (SNX17) to the Cytoplasmic Adaptor Protein Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (KRIT1)

Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) is a member of the family of cytoplasmic sorting nexin adaptor proteins that regulate endosomal trafficking of cell surface proteins. SNX17 localizes to early endosomes where it directly binds NPX(Y/F) motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of its target receptors to mediate their rates of endocytic internalization, recycling, and/or degradation. SNX17 has also been implicated in mediating cell signaling and can interact with cytoplasmic proteins. KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1), a cytoplasmic adaptor protein associated with cerebral cavernous malformations, has previously been shown to interact with SNX17. Here, we demonstrate that SNX17 indeed binds directly to KRIT1 and map the binding to the second Asn-Pro-Xaa-Tyr/Phe (NPX(Y/F)) motif in KRIT1. We further characterize the interaction as being mediated by the FERM domain of SNX17. We present the co-crystal structure of SNX17-FERM with the KRIT1-NPXF2 peptide to 3.0 Å resolution and demonstrate that the interaction is highly similar in structure and binding affinity to that between SNX17 and P-selectin. We verify the molecular details of the interaction by site-directed mutagenesis and pulldown assay and thereby confirm that the major binding site for SNX17 is confined to the NPXF2 motif in KRIT1. Taken together, our results verify a direct interaction between SNX17 and KRIT1 and classify KRIT1 as a SNX17 binding partner.
A survey of blood glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: are recommendations from health care professionals being followed?

AbstractObjective:To survey the self-reported use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), both insulin users (IUs) and non-insulin users (NIUs), in the United States and to examine: how often patients test; what SMBG instructions patients report receiving from their health care providers (HCPs); how the frequency of testing conforms with reported HCP recommendations for testing; and what is done with the results of testing. Differences between IUs and NIUs were also investigated.Methods:A convenience sample of 886 T2DM participants at a series of one-day conferences across the United States completed a survey on current and recommended SMBG frequency, how SMBG results were used, and how HCPs reportedly talked about SMBG issues with the patient. IUs (65% of the sample) and NIUs (35%) were examined separately.Results:IUs and NIUs reported testing significantly less frequently than was recommended (in both cases, p < 0.001), with wide variations within both grou...
Organic Carbon in Soils of the World

The C stored in soils is nearly three times that in the aboveground biomass and approximately double that in the atmosphere. Reliable estimates have been difficult to obtain due to a lack of global data on kinds of soils and the amount of C in each soil. With new data bases, our study is able to provide more reliable data than previous estimates. Globally, 1576 Pg of C is stored in soils, with ≈ 506 Pg (32%) of this in soils of the tropics. It is also estimated that ≈ 40% of the C in soils of the tropics is in forest soils. Other studies have shown that deforestation can result in 20 to 50% loss of this stored C, largely through erosion.
Review of Performance Analysis Tools for MPI Parallel Programs

In order to produce MPI applications that perform well on today's parallel architectures, programmers need effective tools for collecting and analyzing performance data. A variety of such tools, both commercial and research, are becoming available. This paper reviews and evaluations the available cross-platform MPI performance analysis tools.
A possible non-oncogenic effect of C type bone cell virus on serum calcium levels of potentially leukemic mice.

In bone of C3H/Fg mice, particles structurally identical toC-type leukemia virus arise from membranes of osteocytes and osteoblasts. Although these virus apparently do not induce morphologic or neoplastic change in bone they may have other, more subtle, effects. Thus, comparison of sera form male C3H/Fg mice, a high leukemia-prone strain, with C57BL and C3H/HeJ mice, low leukemia strains which do not containC-type virus in bone, reveals that serum calcium levels are significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Further, when C3H/Fg mice develop frank leukemia there is a corresponding increase in virus particles while the serum calcium concentration levels fall to even lower values. The presence of leukemia itself appears not to be the cause as indicated by the failure of implanted lymphocytic leukemic cells in C3H/Fg mice to significantly affect serum calcium concentration. It is postulated that the effects of the virus could be due either to increased osteoblastic activity or to inhibition of osteocytic osteolytic activity or to both.
Permittivity and Loss Characterization of SU-8 Films for mmW and Terahertz Applications

The dielectric permittivity measurement of thick SU-8 film is presented for the entire frequency band of 1 GHz to 1 THz. SU-8 is a high-resolution UV-patternable photoresist that can be used for fabrication of high-aspect-ratio 3-D structures for millimeter-wave and terahertz devices. Here, we report the measured dielectric constant and loss tangent of SU-8 films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. A quadratic polynomial model is established for the accurate calculation of complex permittivity up to 1 THz. The loss tangent of fully cross-linked 430- $\mu\hbox{m}$ -thick SU-8 film was measured to be 0.015, 0.027, and 0.055 at 1, 200, and 1000 GHz, respectively. Similarly, relative permittivity was found to be 3.24, 3.23, and 2.92. The fabrication process and level of cross-linking were demonstrated to have significant impact on the loss behavior of this material and the impact of cross-linking on dielectric permittivity is quantified across a wide frequency band. The characterization results reported in this letter are a platform for developing next-generation millimeter-wave and terahertz devices.
Transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum

The development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. Using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that reduces both grain yield and quality. A construct containing a bovine lactoferrin cDNA was used to transform wheat using an Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer system to express this antimicrobial protein in transgenic wheat. Transformants were analyzed by Northern and Western blots to determine lactoferrin gene expression levels and were inoculated with the head blight disease fungus F. graminearum. Transgenic wheat showed a significant reduction of disease incidence caused by F. graminearum compared to control wheat plants. The level of resistance in the highly susceptible wheat cultivar Bobwhite was significantly higher in transgenic plants compared to control Bobwhite and two untransformed commercial wheat cultivars, susceptible Wheaton and tolerant ND 2710. Quantification of the expressed lactoferrin protein by ELISA in transgenic wheat indicated a positive correlation between the lactoferrin gene expression levels and the levels of disease resistance. Introgression of the lactoferrin gene into elite commercial wheat, barley and other susceptible cereals may enhance resistance to F. graminearum.
Sex Differences in Criminal Behavior: A Genetic Analysis

Criminologists have long debated whether the risk factors for criminal behavior differ for males and females. Previous studies have predominantly focused on whether environmental risk factors for criminal behavior vary by gender, with little to no investigation of the impact of genetic sex differences. That is, whether the same genetic risk factors are relevant to offending for males and females and whether genetic risk factors have a stronger effect on criminal behavior for one gender (versus the other). Using data from the Add Health (140 MZ males, 135 MZ females, 124 DZ males, 118 DZ females, and 186 DZ opposite-sex twin pairs), the results from the qualitative and quantitative sex difference analyses revealed that the same genetic factors are influencing criminal behaviors in males and females and that the magnitude of the genetic effects on criminal behavior does not differ across the sexes. The implications of these findings are discussed from a biosocial approach to the study of criminal behavior.
Rapid evolution of smell and taste receptor genes during host specialization in Drosophila sechellia

Our understanding of the genetic basis of host specialization in insects is limited to basic information on the number and location of genetic factors underlying changes in conspicuous phenotypes. We know nothing about general patterns of molecular evolution that may accompany host specialization but are not traceable to a single prominent phenotypic change. Here, I describe changes in the entire repertoire of 136 olfactory receptor (Or) and gustatory receptor (Gr) genes of the recently specialized vinegar fly Drosophila sechellia. I find that D. sechellia is losing Or and Gr genes nearly 10 times faster than its generalist sibling Drosophila simulans. Moreover, those D. sechellia receptors that remain intact have fixed amino acid replacement mutations at a higher rate relative to silent mutations than have their D. simulans orthologs. Comparison of these patterns with those observed in a random sample of genes indicates that the changes at Or and Gr loci are likely to reflect positive selection and/or relaxed constraint associated with the altered ecological niche of this fly.
Durability of simulated shredded rubber tire in highly alkaline environments

Abstract In applications where high strength is not of prime importance, automobile and truck tires can be recycled by shredding them and incorporating them in concrete. When the rubber is placed in the concrete, it should have minimal strength reduction and undergo minimal degradation due to the prolonged exposure to the concrete matrix. In this preliminary study, the stability of shredded rubber in concrete was simulated by exposing the shredded rubber to highly alkaline environments for up to 4 months. The degradation of rubber immersed in different chemicals was monitored by observing the changes in mass, swelling, tensile strength, and microstructure. The results show that the shredded rubber undergoes small change in a highly alkaline medium after 4 months, which suggests that the addition of rubber to concrete will not dramatically affect the durability of concrete.
Equilibrium distribution of heavy quarks in Fokker-Planck dynamics

(July 7, 1999)We obtain within Fokker-Planck dynamics an explicit generalization of Einstein’s relation betweendrag, diﬀusion and equilibrium distribution for a spatially homogeneous system, considering boththe transverse and longitudinal diﬀusion for dimension n > 1. We then provide a complete char-acterization of when the equilibrium distribution becomes a Boltzmann/Ju¨ttner distribution, andwhen it satisﬁes the more general Tsallis distribution. We apply this analysis to recent calculationsof drag and diﬀusion of a charm quark in a thermal plasma, and show that only a Tsallis distri-bution describes the equilibrium distribution well. We also provide a practical recipe applicable tohighly relativistic plasmas, for determining both diﬀusion coeﬃcients so that a speciﬁc equilibriumdistribution will arise for a given drag coeﬃcient.PACS number(s): 12.38.Mh, 05.10.Gg, 52.65.Ff, 05.20.Dd
Polar phase screens: a comparative analysis with other methods of random phase screen generation

Random phase screens are essential elements of simulating light propagation through turbulent media. In order to be effective, they must accurately reflect theory and be implementable by the user. This document explains and evaluates three methods of generating random phase screens: using a Fourier series upon a polar frequency grid with logarithmic spacing; using the fast Fourier transform, with its cartesian frequency grid; and using Zernike polynomials. It provides a comparison of the polar Fourier series technique with the two more common techniques (fast Fourier transform and Zernike), with the end result of giving the users enough information to choose which method best fits their needs. The evaluation criteria used are generation time (usability) and phase structure function (accuracy).
Cryptagram: photo privacy for online social media

While Online Social Networks (OSNs) enable users to share photos easily, they also expose users to several privacy threats from both the OSNs and external entities. The current privacy controls on OSNs are far from adequate, resulting in inappropriate flows of information when users fail to understand their privacy settings or OSNs fail to implement policies correctly. OSNs may further complicate privacy expectations when they reserve the right to analyze uploaded photos using automated face identification techniques.In this paper, we propose the design, implementation and evaluation of Cryptagram, a system designed to enhance online photo privacy. Cryptagram enables users to convert photos into encrypted images, which the users upload to OSNs. Users directly manage access control to those photos via shared keys that are independent of OSNs or other third parties. OSNs apply standard image transformations (JPEG compression) to all uploaded images so Cryptagram provides an image encoding and encryption mechanism that is tolerant to these transformations. Cryptagram guarantees that the recipient with the right credentials can completely retrieve the original image from the transformed version of the uploaded encrypted image while the OSN cannot infer the original image. Cryptagram's browser extension integrates seamlessly with preexisting OSNs, including Facebook and Google+, and currently has over 400 active users.
Between Christian Ethics and Religious Ethics

By focusing on questions concerning what kind of training graduate students in theology and ethics and religious ethics should receive, I try to initiate a conversation we need to have about the kind of work the JRE should foster.
Expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of amyloid precursor (appican) and amyloid precursor-like protein 2.

: The Alzheimer amyloid precursor (APP) protein is a member of a family of glycoproteins that includes the amyloid precursor-like proteins (APLPs). Previously, we showed that in C6 glioma cell cultures, secreted APP nexin II occurs as the core protein of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Here, we report that among seven untransfected cell lines, expression of secreted APP CSPG was restricted to two cell lines of neural origin, namely, C6 glioma and Neuro-2a neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in N2a cultures, a treatment that induces the neuronal phenotype in these cells, resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of the secreted APP CSPG, although secretion of APP was only marginally affected. Growth in the presence of serum increased the size of the secreted APP CSPG, suggesting that the number and/or length of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains attached to the core APP varies with growth conditions. Extensive mapping with epitope-specific anti-bodies suggested that a CS chain is attached within or proximal to the Aβ sequence of APP. In contrast to the restricted expression of the APP CSPG, expression of secreted APLP2 CSPGs was observed in all cell lines examined. After chondroitinase treatment, two core proteins of ∼100 and 110 kDa were obtained that reacted with an APLP2-specific antiserum, suggesting that non-transfected cell lines contain at least two endogenous APLP2 CSPGs, probably derived by alternative splicing of the APLP2 KPI domain. The fraction of the APLP2 proteins in the CSPG form was dependent on the particular cell line examined. The proteoglycan nature of APP and APLP2 suggests that addition of the CS glycosaminoglycan chains is important for the implementation of the biological function of these proteins. However, the differential expression of these two proteoglycans suggests that their physiological roles and their possible involvement in Alzheimer's disease may differ.
Crystallization Behavior of Sputter Deposited Amorphous NixZr100-x, Films

Sputter deposited films of amorphous NixZr100-x, have been prepared over a wide and continuous range of compositions between x=20 and x=90 atomic percent Ni on liquid nitrogen cooled and room temperature substrates. These films have been characterized by x-ray and electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The crystallization behavior of these films has been systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry and compared with earlier measurements on amorphous liquid quenched alloys. Systematic differences were found between the thermal stability of amorphous alloys of the same nominal composition prepared at different substrate temperatures. Larger differences exist between vapor deposited amorphous films and liquid quenched ribbons.
Double-sided parallel-strip line-fed radial dipole

This work presents a radial dipole fed by a double-sided parallel-strip transmission line. The radial portion of the dipole effectively shortens the dipole by 29.1%, while maintaining a 22.4% bandwidth and a 96.9% radiation efficiency. This dipole has a center frequency of 2.95 GHz and a maximum gain of 2.08 dBi.
Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Career Guidance in Middle and Secondary Education Settings: Status, Obstacles, and Suggestions

This article critiques existing research on outcomes associated with the use of computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACGS) by middle and secondary student populations. Although widely used, ...
The Effects of Shear History on the Gelation of Polyacrylamide/Chromium VI Thiourea Solutions

L'influence du cisaillement sur la vitesse de gelification et sur la degradation du polyacrylamide est etudiee pour differents regimes de cisaillement: permanent, oscillatoire, variable mais controle. Ce polymere est utilise en recuperation assistee du petrole
Seeing oneself in one's choices: Construal level and self-pertinence of electoral and consumer decisions

Abstract Building on previous research examining the implications for self-regulation and decision making of construing action at varying levels of abstraction, the authors proposed that construing action in terms of its abstract purposes facilitates orienting one’s decisions toward the standards, characteristics, and goals that define one’s desired self-concept. Consistent with this proposal, desiring for oneself a political candidate’s personal qualities predicted evaluating favorably (in Study 1) and voting for (in Study 2) that candidate to a greater extent among participants focused on the distal future (and presumably construing action at a relatively high-level of abstraction) than the proximal future (and presumably construing action at a relatively low-level of abstraction). Moreover, individuals chronically construing action in high-level terms responded more favorably to advertisements appealing to their desired self-concept (in Study 3) than to product quality. These findings’ implications for decision making are discussed.
Modeling peptide fragmentation with dynamic Bayesian networks for peptide identification

Motivation: Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an indispensable technology for identification of proteins from complex mixtures. Proteins are digested to peptides that are then identified by their fragmentation patterns in the mass spectrometer. Thus, at its core, MS/MS protein identification relies on the relative predictability of peptide fragmentation. Unfortunately, peptide fragmentation is complex and not fully understood, and what is understood is not always exploited by peptide identification algorithms. Results: We use a hybrid dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)/support vector machine (SVM) approach to address these two problems. We train a set of DBNs on high-confidence peptide-spectrum matches. These DBNs, known collectively as Riptide, comprise a probabilistic model of peptide fragmentation chemistry. Examination of the distributions learned by Riptide allows identification of new trends, such as prevalent a-ion fragmentation at peptide cleavage sites C-term to hydrophobic residues. In addition, Riptide can be used to produce likelihood scores that indicate whether a given peptide-spectrum match is correct. A vector of such scores is evaluated by an SVM, which produces a final score to be used in peptide identification. Using Riptide in this way yields improved discrimination when compared to other state-of-the-art MS/MS identification algorithms, increasing the number of positive identifications by as much as 12% at a 1% false discovery rate. Availability: Python and C source code are available upon request from the authors. The curated training sets are available at http://noble.gs.washington.edu/proj/intense/. The Graphical Model Tool Kit (GMTK) is freely available at http://ssli.ee.washington.edu/bilmes/gmtk. Contact: noble@gs.washington.edu
A compact physically-based bipolar transistor model

A comprehensive bipolar transistor model for circuit simulation is discussed. The model is physically based and includes new models for the base region, base-collector depletion region, and epitaxial collector region that account for high-current effects. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulator SLICE and shown to model high current densities accurately. The increase in simulation time compared to the Gummel-Poon model is minimized by not requiring iterations within the model code. >
Report of the Committee on Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1938–39

The membership of this Committee is as follows: C. S. Howard (Chairman), United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. I. A. Denison, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. W. P. Kelley, 119 Hilgard Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California A. C. Lane, 22 Arlington Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts C. S. Scofield, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. D. G. Thompson, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. T. G. Thompson, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Studies on the corrosion of metals and soils have been continued at the National Bureau of Standards and a report of the recent findings was published under the title “Correlation of the electrolytic corrosion test with the active corrosiveness of soils,” by I. A. Denison and R. B. Darnielle [J. Res., Nation. Bur. Stan., No. 21, pp. 819-830, December, 1938], Another paper on this subject by Kirk H. Logan was published under the title “Engineering significance of National Bureau of Standards soil corrosion data” [J. Res. Nation. Bur. Stan., pp. 109–125, January. 1939].
Changes in the oligomerization potential of the division inhibitor UgtP co-ordinate Bacillus subtilis cell size with nutrient availability.

How cells coordinate size with growth and development is a major, unresolved question in cell biology. In previous work we identified the glucosyltransferase UgtP as a division inhibitor responsible for increasing the size of Bacillus subtilis cells under nutrient-rich conditions. In nutrient-rich medium, UgtP is distributed more or less uniformly throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated at the cell poles and/or the cytokinetic ring. Under these conditions, UgtP interacts directly with FtsZ to inhibit division and increase cell size. Conversely, under nutrient-poor conditions, UgtP is sequestered away from FtsZ in punctate foci, and division proceeds unimpeded resulting in a reduction in average cell size. Here we report that nutrient-dependent changes in UgtP's oligomerization potential serve as a molecular rheostat to precisely coordinate B. subtilis cell size with nutrient availability. Our data indicate UgtP interacts with itself and the essential cell division protein FtsZ in a high affinity manner influenced in part by UDP-glucose, an intracellular proxy for nutrient availability. These findings support a model in which UDP-glc dependent changes in UgtP's oligomerization potential shift the equilibrium between UgtP•UgtP and UgtP•FtsZ, fine tuning the amount of FtsZ available for assembly into the cytokinetic ring and with it cell size.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-induced immune priming of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone with rituximab chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to enhance CD20 antigen expression, augment antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and stimulate immune cell proliferation. This may lead to an improved anti-tumor effect of rituximab while reducing the severity of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) in sequential combination with GM-CSF priming and rituximab in previously untreated patients (n = 39) with diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). CHOP was administered every 21 days on day 1, GM-CSF 250 μg/m(2)/day on days 9 through 15, and rituximab 375 mg/m(2) on day 15 of each cycle. The overall response rate was 87%, with complete response in 64%. At a median follow-up of 84.3 months, the overall and progression-free survival rates were 54% and 49%, respectively. The most common toxicity was myelosuppression. Sequential combination of CHOP with GM-CSF priming and rituximab was feasible and effective, warranting further evaluation.
Consumer perception of household hazardous materials

We evaluated consumer perception of household hazardous materials (HHM) to identify links between storage of HHMs and consumer perception. Methods. 357 telephone surveys were conducted within one county to determine home storage location (high, low, unknown) of 10 substances common to pediatric poisoning. Questions addressed look-alikes, poison information resources, disposal/recycling practices, and the transfer of cleaning products to other containers. Results. Prescription medications were stored in lower elevations than vitamins with iron and OTC ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Products common in poisoning were often stored at low elevations. Poison center (PCC) awareness was modest; 35% stated the PCC would be first choice; 43% chose 911. Nineteen percent indicated they transferred cleaning items to other containers, usually bleach (6.7%), but 29% transferred prescription medications. Conclusion. Results will be utilized to develop a community-specific educational campaign targeted toward lack of awarene...
Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model

The Health Belief Model, social learning theory (recently relabelled social cognitive theory), self-efficacy, and locus of control have all been applied with varying success to problems of explaining, predicting, and influencing behavior. Yet, there is conceptual confusion among researchers and practitioners about the interrelationships of these theories and variables. This article attempts to show how these explanatory factors may be related, and in so doing, posits a revised explanatory model which incorporates self-efficacy into the Health Belief Model. Specifically, self-efficacy is proposed as a separate independent variable along with the traditional health belief variables of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. Incentive to behave (health motivation) is also a component of the model. Locus of control is not included explicitly because it is believed to be incorporated within other elements of the model. It is predicted that the new formulation will more fully account for health-related behavior than did earlier formulations, and will suggest more effective behavioral interventions than have hitherto been available to health educators.
W. H. R. Rivers Prize Essay (1988): Fracturing the Language of Biomedicine: The Speech Play of U.S. Physicians

Play with the professional language of biomedicine is endemic in American hospitals. In this article 1 present a typology of such speech play forms and suggest that biomedical speech play represents an alternative biomedical voice distinct from both that of the lifeworld and that of objective, scientific biomedicine. The voice that speaks through biomedical speech play embodies social and emotional concerns that are devalued in the professional ideology of biomedicine but that cannot be ignored by biomedical practitioners. Biomedical speech play thus presents an alternative (and necessary) reconstruction of biomedical reality.
Neural-Network-Inspired Machine Learning for Autonomous Lunar Targeting

Early work on a sequential machine learning technique for autonomous spacecraft navigation that is inspired by artificial neural networks is presented in this paper. This technique uses sequential function approximation, a method that has been used to analyze and solve a variety of dynamic aerospace systems, to develop a multiple-input/single-output neural map. Sequential function approximation, which has previously been used for direct function approximation and solving systems of governing equations meshlessly, uses the error between a set of current and desired system output objectives (in this case, future state vectors) based upon current system inputs: here, the thrust profile of an engine burn, to improve the accuracy of the inputs. A preliminary test case of a lunar flyby in the circular restricted three-body problem is presented as a proof of concept for sequential function approximation as an autonomous navigation and mission-management technique.
Biometrics: body odor authentication perception and acceptance

Odor detection and identification by machines is currently being done to evaluate perfumes, wine, olive, oil, and even find people buried in rubble. Extending body odor detection to authentication may seem far-fetched and unrealistic. Yet such an application is plausible, given that like a fingerprint or iris, the human body odor is unique. Although such technology still has strides to make before being applicable as either a stand-alone or supplemental technology to existing biometric tools, it still warrants research, especially in how the technology is perceived. Numerous studies have addressed the public perception of biometric technologies, although odor scanning is one that has been under-addressed. This exploratory study addresses perceptions and attitudes of odor scanning and recommends directions for future research and practice. This study has found that odor scanning is little understood, and its benefit to security and privacy are perceived as low. Should body odor scanning develop into a viable method of biometric authentication, issues of perception and acceptance will need further attention by both research and practice.
On the Independence of Consideration and Initiating Structure: A Factor Analysis of the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire

A factor analysis of responses from 136 Georgia public school superintendents to the short-form Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire yielded a single factor, Global Perceptions of Leader Behavior, instead of the usual two factors, Consideration and Initiating Structure. This factor accounted for 41.1% of the variance. The two factors were correlated .69. Plausible interpretations of the nonindependence for this population were discussed.
Cellulose Digestion By The Silverfish Ctenolepisma Lineata

1. The silverfish, Ctenolepisma lineata , on a diet of cellulose alone shows a respiratory quotient of close to unity, indicating utilization of carbohydrate, presumably derived from cellulose. 2. The silverfish may gain weight temporarily on a diet of cellulose alone although the diet is not satisfactory for prolonged feeding. 3. The silverfish digests part of the cellulose ingested, the utilization efficiency being comparable to that of the dairy cow. 4. Silverfish fed cellulose uniformly marked with 14 C respire 14 CO 2 , indicating that cellulose is metabolized and therefore must have been digested. 5. The gut of the silverfish contains many micro-organisms, but none of the bacteria grown in favourable culture media are capable of digesting cellulose. A few moulds do, but they are never seen growing in the gut and are presumably developed from spores grazed from wood by the silverfish. 6. Bacteria-free silverfish were obtained by washing eggs in a solution of mercuric chloride and ethanol and raising the nymphs on rolled oats and vitamins under aseptic conditions. 7. Bacteria-free silverfish fed cellulose uniformly marked with 14 C respire 14 CO 2 , indicating that even in the absence of micro-organisms, C. lineata metabolizes cellulose and therefore must have digested it. 8. A cellulase was demonstrated in extracts of the midgut. A cellobiase and an amylase were also shown to be present. The pH optima for the cellulase are 4.0 and 6.0, with a smaller peak occasionally showing at 7.7. For cellobiase the optima were 4.5 and 6.5. 9. The cellulase was isolated in the 60 and 70% ammonium sulphate saturated fractions of the soluble proteins from the midgut.
Use of intrahepatic chemotherapy to treat advanced pediatric hepatic malignancies.

ABSTRACTBackground:To evaluate the effect of intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy (IAC) on children with primary hepatic malignancies.Method:A nonrandomized inception cohort of 11 pediatric patients was referred for treatment of advanced primary hepatic malignancies at Children's Hospital of Pittsburg
Design of Cartridge-Based Ceramic Heat-Exchanger Microchannel Reformers for Process Intensification: Experiments and Simulations

This paper details a combination of experimental and theoretical design analyses of a cartridge-based microchannel reformer system capable of integrating two or three separate reforming processes (reactant preheating, methanol steam reforming, and methanol combustion for autothermal operation) within a single monolithic device in a two-dimensional or radially layered distribution pattern. This system employs a ceramic microchannel cartridge with catalyst configurations tailored to enable stable autothermal operation over a broad range of reforming and combustion flow rates. Operation of the 25-channel prototype system coupling methanol combustion in air (13 mol % CH3OH and 17.3 mol % O2) with steam reforming of a dilute (2.6 mol %) methanol–water mixture at combustion and reforming overall flow rates of 300 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) [gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 19 200 h–1] and 1800 sccm (GHSV of 14 400 h–1) achieved steam reforming hydrogen yields of ∼85%, corresponding to an ov...
The Toxicity of Acid Lead Arsenate to the Larva of the Colorado Potato Beetle

The estimated median lethal dose of acid lead arsenate for the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, larva of about 0.144 gram weight is 0.30 milligram per gram of body weight. The median lethal dose of Paris green was not closely estimated but is evidently less than one-third this amount. The consumption of food by the larva is less and the feeding time is shorter on poisoned than on normal food.
Laboratory Tests of Ultra-Low-Volume and Conventional Low-Volume Sprays for Controlling the Bollworm and the Tobacco Budworm

Ultra-low-volume (ULV) and conventional low-volume (ULV) sprays of methyl parathion, Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl- CISC -croon amide dimethyl phosphate) and mixtures of methyl parathion, Adoring, and DDT with toxaphene and Strobane® (terrine polychlorinates, 65% chlorine) were compared in laboratory tests for effectiveness against the bollworm, Helios this zea (Baddie), and the tobacco bud worm, H. virescens (F.). Results indicate that at the dosages tested, method of application had no significant effect on the initial toxicity of any of the insecticides to either insect. However, the residual toxicity of methyl parathion to the bollworm was greatly prolonged when applied by the ULV technique. Chemical analyses of treated plants suggested that the greater residual toxicity of ULV-applied methyl parathion was due to more insecticides being deposited on the plant by the ULV than by the ULV method of application. Also, greater initial deposits of Adoring were provided by the ULV than by the ULV technique. Combined data of all experiments suggest that the ULV technique may be much more efficient than the ULV method for applying insecticides.
Monetized Government Spending Instead of Elimination of Toxic Assets Can Solve Current Economic Problems

While most commentators seem pessimistic about solving current economic problems exhibiting gloom and doom, I argue that concerted monetized government spending (without any debt or taxes to match) by Euro-zone, US and Japan can quickly help reduce many of the current imbalances in the world macro economy. Apart from fraud and some abuses by the financial executives, the reasons for the current malaise include excess supply of savings on the world market (mostly by Asians leading to what Keynes called "the paradox of thrift"), and the bursting of asset price bubbles. My solution has a clear-cut objective of artificially creating an inflation in the US of about 5% in the overall price level for the next few years. I show that it is politically easy to sell and is low cost, due to market-based efficiencies. I explain the sense in which it is easy to turn off almost overnight when market expectations respond with appropriate confidence, and hence as temporary as the policy makers wish it to be. I show how Obama's stimulus package can be modified to be consistent with our proposal. A dose of inflation can make many of the 'toxic assets' become benign and allow markets to determine the price of assets, instead of 'stress testers' appointed by the Fed.
A kind of large phased array antenna construction design and optimization

The point introduced a kind of antenna designs,and the structure impact statics rigidity or the anti-vibrating capability of array antenna.Aiming at the main influence in an antenna factor mutually,making use of the static simulation and the dynamics simulation of modern design technique in etc,proceed the optimal design for the antenna structure model,then analyze the vibrating characteristic of antenna and the biggest strain and stress in vibrating impact condition,by way of some certain measure enhanced anti-vibration,anti-Bang strong pound of the antenna structure,finally make this antenna's structure has better satisfied the operation requirements in the severe circumstance.
Cytodynamic properties of the human endometrium. III. Variations in the nucleoprotein content of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle.

Abstract 1. 1. Desoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids vary in quantity during the menstrual cycle. The highest values are obtained during the late proliferative phase and the lowest during the late secretory stage. 2. 2. The relationship of nucleic acids to growth, estrogens, and folic acid is discussed.
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a standardized pain model.

A comprehensive meta-analysis using strict inclusion criteria examined 8 studies comparing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and codeine-based oral analgesics for treating moderate to severe oral surgery pain. The studies involved 1,163 patients, drawn from a literature search of more than 300 studies published since 1990. Of the 8, 5 showed significantly better outcomes (P .05). Adverse reactions were greater in the opiate group (P < .001). Data from the 8 studies were subjected to standardized data transformation and analysis procedures using preselected pain measurement inventories. An oral surgery pain model was used because it is relatively free of confounding variables, thereby leading to clearer results. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that NSAIDs were either as effective or more effective than codeine-based analgesics for treating the moderate to severe pain associated with oral surgery. NSAIDs also were associated with fewer complications. Based on this analysis, NSAIDs should be considered for the control of postoperative oral surgery pain. Generalizability to other forms of postoperative pain remains speculative.
Automated High-Level Generation of Low-Power Approximate Computing Circuits

Numerous application domains (e.g., signal and image processing, computer graphics, computer vision, and machine learning) are inherently error tolerant, which can be exploited to produce approximate ASIC implementations with low power consumption at the expense of negligible or small reductions in application quality. A major challenge is the need for approximate and high-level design generation tools that can automatically work on arbitrary designs. In this article, we provide an expanded and improved treatment of our ABACUS methodology, which aims to automatically generate approximate designs directly from their behavioral register-transfer level (RTL) descriptions, enabling a wider range of possible approximations. ABACUS starts by creating an abstract syntax tree (AST) from the input behavioral RTL description of a circuit, and then applies variant operators to the AST to create acceptable approximate designs. The devised variant operators include data type simplifications, arithmetic operation approximations, arithmetic expressions transformations, variable-to-constant substitutions, and loop transformations. A design space exploration technique is devised to explore the space of possible variant approximate designs and to identify the designs along the Pareto frontier that represents the trade-off between accuracy and power consumption. In addition, ABACUS prioritizes generating approximate designs that, when synthesized, lead to circuits with simplified critical paths, which are exploited to realize complementary power savings through standard voltage scaling. We integrate ABACUS with a standard ASIC design flow, and evaluate it on four realistic benchmarks from three different domains—machine learning, signal processing, and computer vision. Our tool automatically generates many approximate design variants with large power savings, while maintaining good accuracy. We demonstrate the scalability of ABACUS by parallelizing the flow and use of recent standard synthesis tools. Compared to our previous efforts, the new ABACUS tool provides up to 20.5× speed-up in runtime, while able to generate approximate circuits that lead to additional power savings reaching up to 40 percent.