cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development-specific transcriptomic profiling suggests new mechanisms for anoxic survival in the ventricle of overwintering turtles.

ABSTRACT Oxygen deprivation swiftly damages tissues in most animals, yet some species show remarkable abilities to tolerate little or even no oxygen. Painted turtles exhibit a development-dependent tolerance that allows adults to survive anoxia approximately four times longer than hatchlings: adults survive ∼170 days and hatchlings survive ∼40 days at 3°C. We hypothesized that this difference is related to development-dependent differences in ventricular gene expression. Using a comparative ontogenetic approach, we examined whole transcriptomic changes before, during and 5 days after a 20-day bout of anoxic submergence at 3°C. Ontogeny accounted for more gene expression differences than treatment (anoxia or recovery): 1175 versus 237 genes, respectively. Of the 237 differences, 93 could confer protection against anoxia and reperfusion injury, 68 could be injurious and 20 may be constitutively protective. Most striking during anoxia was the main expression pattern of all 76 annotated ribosomal protein (R-protein) mRNAs, which decreased in anoxia-tolerant adults, but increased in anoxia-sensitive hatchlings, suggesting adult-specific regulation of translational suppression. These genes, along with 60 others that decreased their levels in adults and either increased or remained unchanged in hatchlings, implicate antagonistic pleiotropy as a mechanism to resolve the long-standing question about why hatchling painted turtles overwinter in terrestrial nests, rather than emerge and overwinter in water during their first year. In summary, developmental differences in the transcriptome of the turtle ventricle revealed potentially protective mechanisms that contribute to extraordinary adult-specific anoxia tolerance, and provide a unique perspective on differences between the anoxia-induced molecular responses of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-sensitive phenotypes within a species.
Dealing with customer incivility: The effects of managerial support on employee psychological well-being and quality-of-life

Abstract This research examines the effects of customer incivility and manager procedural and emotional support on employee psychological well-being (PWB) and work quality-of-life (WQOL). Study 1 uses the qualitative critical incident technique to content analyze employee perceptions, finding that incivility affects employee PWB and WQOL. Based on the results of Study 1, a conceptual model examines a 2 (procedural support: high vs. low) × 2 (emotional support: high vs. low) between-subjects experimental design in both a hospitality and general service context. Results from Study 2 and 3 find that managerial procedural and emotional support significantly affect employee’s PWB and WQOL. There is also a significant interaction effect of emotional and procedural support on PWB and WQOL. The research builds upon the incivility, managerial support, psychological well-being, and quality-of-life research as well as provides important managerial implications for actions service firms can take to minimize the negative effects.
Establishing evidenced-based best practice for the de novo assembly and evaluation of transcriptomes from non-model organisms

Characterizing transcriptomes in both model and non-model organisms has resulted in a massive increase in our understanding of biological phenomena. This boon, largely made possible via high-throughput sequencing, means that studies of functional, evolutionary and population genomics are now being done by hundreds or even thousands of labs around the world. For many, these studies begin with a de novo transcriptome assembly, which is a technically complicated process involving several discrete steps. Each step may be accomplished in one of several different ways, using different software packages, each producing different results. This analytical complexity begs the question -- Which method(s) are optimal? Using reference and non-reference based evaluative methods, I propose a set of guidelines that aim to standardize and facilitate the process of transcriptome assembly. These recommendations include the generation of between 20 million and 40 million sequencing reads from single individual where possible, error correction of reads, gentle quality trimming, assembly filtering using Transrate and/or gene expression, annotation using dammit, and appropriate reporting. These recommendations have been extensively benchmarked and applied to publicly available transcriptomes, resulting in improvements in both content and contiguity. To facilitate the implementation of the proposed standardized methods, I have released a set of version controlled open-sourced code, The Oyster River Protocol for Transcriptome Assembly, available at http://oyster-river-protocol.rtfd.org/.
Abstract 13631: Improving Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance Through an Appointment-based Approach

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the pillar of secondary prevention for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite its effectiveness, there remain systemic issues with adherenc...
A residency style transition to practice program in trauma and critical care: The George Washington University Hospital experience.

ABSTRACT Transition to practice programs for nurse practitioners and physician assistants are gaining popularity and becoming more specialized. As these providers seek opportunities to strengthen their clinical skills and bridge the gap from school to practice, it is important to recognize the benefits and barriers of such programs. In this article, The George Washington University Hospital shares its experience in managing a transition to practice program for trauma and critical care.
Pituitary Metastasis Presenting With Central Diabetes Insipidus and Panhypopituitarism

Abstract Objective We report a case of pituitary metastasis (PM) presenting with acute anterior and posterior pituitary dysfunction following a two-decade-long oncologic course marked by disease progression. Case Report An elderly woman with a history of stage IIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast presented with confusion. Her laboratory evaluation was significant for panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus, and magnetic resonance imaging findings were suggestive of PM. She was treated with hormone replacement, resulting in the reversal of her metabolic and cognitive derangements. Discussion PM is a rare complication of advanced malignancy. Although several malignancies may spread to the pituitary, the most common are breast cancer in women and lung cancer in men. Unlike pituitary adenomas, which predominantly involve the anterior pituitary, PM has a predilection for the posterior lobe and infundibulum due to direct access via systemic circulation. The clinical presentation of PM depends on the size of the metastatic deposit and other structures involved in the vicinity of the sella. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium is the gold standard for the evaluation of sellar masses. The diagnosis of PM involves a thorough history, physical examination, biochemical evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and imaging studies. Conclusion Metastatic involvement of the pituitary is a rare condition seen in
Safely and Actively Aging in Place: Older Adults’ Attitudes and Intentions Toward Smart Home Technologies

As smart technology use is growing in residential environments, research on how such technologies can provide opportunities for safely and actively aging in place by integrating physical activity i...
Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV

Background Novel urine biomarkers have enabled the characterization of kidney tubular dysfunction and injury among persons living with HIV, a population at an increased risk of kidney disease. Even though several urine biomarkers predict progressive kidney function decline, antiretroviral toxicity, and mortality in the setting of HIV infection, the relationships among the risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urine biomarkers are unclear. Methods We assessed traditional and infection-related CKD risk factors and measured 14 urine biomarkers at baseline and at follow-up among women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency Health Study (WIHS). We then used simultaneously adjusted multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the associations of CKD risk factors with longitudinal changes in biomarker levels. Results Of the 647 women living with HIV in this analysis, the majority (67%) were Black, the median age was 45 years and median follow-up time was 2.5 years. Each traditional and infection-related CKD risk factor was associated with a unique set of changes in urine biomarkers. For example, baseline hemoglobin a1c was associated with worse tubular injury (higher interleukin [IL]-18), proximal tubular reabsorptive dysfunction (higher α1-microglobulin), tubular reserve (lower uromodulin) and immune response to injury (higher chitinase-3-like protein-1 [YKL-40]). Furthermore, increasing hemoglobin a1c at follow-up was associated with further worsening of tubular injury (higher kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1] and IL-18), as well as higher YKL-40. HCV co-infection was associated with worsening proximal tubular reabsorptive dysfunction (higher β2-microglobulin [β2m]), and higher YKL-40, whereas HIV viremia was associated with worsening markers of tubular and glomerular injury (higher KIM-1 and albuminuria, respectively). Conclusions CKD risk factors are associated with unique patterns of biomarker changes among women living with HIV, suggesting that serial measurements of multiple biomarkers may help in detecting and monitoring kidney disease in this setting.
Tumors of the Liver

In the absence of liver disease, a liver lesion incidentally found is most likely benign. The balance a clinician strikes is a prudent approach to differentiate benign from malignant tumors as noninvasively as possible.
Neoantigen-driven B cell and CD4 T follicular helper cell collaboration promotes anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses.

Summary CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We found enrichment of TFH cell transcriptional signature correlates with GC B cell signature and with prolonged survival in individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We further developed a murine LUAD model in which tumor cells express B cell- and T cell-recognized neoantigens. Interactions between tumor-specific TFH and GC B cells, as well as interleukin (IL)-21 primarily produced by TFH cells, are necessary for tumor control and effector CD8 T cell function. Development of TFH cells requires B cells and B cell-recognized neoantigens. Thus, tumor neoantigens can regulate the fate of tumor-specific CD4 T cells by facilitating their interactions with tumor-specific B cells, which in turn promote anti-tumor immunity by enhancing CD8 T cell effector functions.
The Uncertain Relationship between Open Data and Accountability: A Response to Yu and Robinson's 'The New Ambiguity of Open Government'

By looking at the nature of data that may be disclosed by governments, Harlan Yu and David Robinson provide an analytical framework that evinces the ambiguities underlying the term “open government data". While agreeing with their core analysis, I contend that the authors ignore the enabling conditions under which transparency may lead to accountability, notably the publicity and political agency conditions. I argue that the authors also overlook the role of participatory mechanisms as an essential element in unlocking the potential for open data to produce better governmental decisions and policies. Finally, I conduct an empirical analysis of the publicity and political agency conditions in countries that have launched open data efforts, highlighting the challenges associated with open data as a path to accountability.
Novel ingestible capsule antenna designs for medical monitoring and diagnostics

This paper presents novel antenna designs for electronic digestible capsule pill systems. In the first part, a novel conformal planar offset meandered dipole capsule antenna for medical diagnostics is presented. The antenna performance is evaluated by studying the impedance, radiation, polarization and return loss characteristics inside the human body model. A link budget is evaluated to ensure wireless telemetry. In the second part, a novel RFID bio-capsule tag for medical monitoring is presented. The tag performance is evaluated by studying the impedance, radiation pattern and power reflection coefficient characteristics. Finally, a scheme for potential batch fabrication of these capsule antennas is presented.
Firing Rate of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Is Dopamine-Dependent and Reflects the Timing of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats on a Progressive Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

The progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement is used to determine the reinforcing properties of rewards such as drugs of abuse. In this schedule, the animal is required to press a lever a progressively increasing number of times to receive a reward; the highest ratio obtained before the animal ceases responding is termed “breakpoint.” We recorded neuronal spike activity from cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats responding on a PR schedule for cocaine reinforcement. A common subtype of NAc cells demonstrated firing rates that varied according to the time between cocaine deliveries. The firing rate was inversely related to the NAc cocaine level predicted by a pharmacokinetic model. At higher response-to-reward ratios, inter-reward intervals were increased, resulting in a decrease in modeled cocaine level and a concomitant increase in firing rate over the session. The final increase in firing rate above a threshold value suggests a neural correlate of breakpoint. The effects of preadministration of dopamine D1 or D2 antagonists on the animals9 behavior were similar in that both reduced breakpoint; however, each antagonist had markedly different effects on NAc cell firing. The D1 antagonist SCH23390 reduced firing rates, even at low cocaine levels, whereas the D2 antagonist eticlopride induced a rightward shift in the dose dependence of NAc cell firing relative to modeled cocaine level. Our results suggest that the firing of NAc cells reflects changes in cocaine levels and thereby contributes to the temporal spacing of self-administration and to the cessation of responding at breakpoint.
The right inhibition? Callosal correlates of hand performance in healthy children and adolescents callosal correlates of hand performance.

r r Abstract: Numerous studies suggest that interhemispheric inhibition—relayed via the corpus cal- losum—plays an important role in unilateral hand motions. Interestingly, transcallosal inhibition appears to be indicative of a strong laterality effect, where generally the dominant hemisphere exerts inhibition on the nondominant one. These effects have been largely identified through functional studies in adult populations, but links between motor performance and callosal structure (especially during sen- sitive periods of neurodevelopment) remain largely unknown. We therefore investigated correlations between Purdue Pegboard performance (a test of motor function) and local callosal thickness in 170 right-handed children and adolescents (mean age: 11.5 � 3.4 years; range, 6-17 years). Better task per- formance with the right (dominant) hand was associated with greater callosal thickness in isthmus and posterior midbody. Task performance using both hands yielded smaller and less significant correlations in the same regions, while task performance using the left (nondominant) hand showed no significant correlations with callosal thickness. There were no significant interactions with age and sex. These links between motor performance and callosal structure may constitute the neural correlate of interhemi- spheric inhibition, which is thought to be necessary for fast and complex unilateral motions and to be biased towards the dominant hand. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley-Periodicals, Inc.
β-Cyclodextrin-Mediated Removal of Soy Phospholipids from the Air–Water Interface

Binding of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was studied using a spread monolayer technique at the air–water interface. First, surface pressure (π) versus surface concentration (Γ) isotherms of both PC and PI were characterized by forming spread monolayers on an aqueous subphase. PC and PI monolayers reached saturation at Γ of 1.98 and 3.24 μmol/m2, respectively, at 25 °C. Subsequently, desorption of PC or PI from the spread monolayer in the presence of 2–14 mM βCD in the subphase was studied by measuring changes in π of monolayer. This desorption was indicative of a complex formation between βCD and PC or PI. The amount of PC or PI bound to βCD was determined by converting the net change in π to Γ by using π–Γ isotherms. From the saturated monolayers at the air water-interface, approximately 30% of PC and 50% of PI could be removed by 14 mM βCD. It was calculated that the free energy change required to transfer a PL from the monolayer at air–water interface to the aqueous phase in presence of βCD was decreased by 6–7 kcal/mol. Hydrolysis of PC in the monolayer by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) improved extraction efficiency of βCD. By incorporating 2.29 μM PLA2 and 10 mM βCD in subphase, up to 80% of PC monolayer could be desorbed from the air–water interface. These results are discussed in terms of the potential use of βCD to remove PLs bound to soy protein.
Practical Strategies for Diagnosing and Treating Depression in Women at Midlife and Beyond: Chronic Depression

Dysthymic disorder is a mild but chronic depression that can be difficult for physicians to treat because patients with dysthymic disorder have a high risk of relapse. Guidelines for treating dysthymic disorder suggest treatment with antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and psychotherapy. A variety of antidepressants and psychotherapies have shown efficacy in trials, and treatment must be tailored to the individual patient.
Reinforcement in children: Received and expected

Trial-to-trial effects of reinforcement and nonreinforcement were studied in 48 children during a simple motor task. In the absence of information regarding the availability of reinforcement during each trial, Ss responded more rapidly after a reinforced trial than after a nonreinforced trial. In the presence of a signal providing information regarding the availability of reinforcement during each trial, Ss responded more rapidly before an expected reinforcement than before an expected nonreinforcement.
Oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory control in housefly mitochondria.

Abstract Mitochondria isolated from housefly thoraces were found to resemble other animal mitochondria in their ability to oxidize pyruvate rapidly, in contrast to the reports of other investigators. High P/O ratios were also obtained without addition of serum albumin to the incubation medium and it was shown, by two procedures, that the rate of respiration in these preparations is very markedly controlled by the availability of a phosphate acceptor.
Acute and chronic myocardial infarct differentiation using atrial kick induced strain (AKIS) imaging

We have previously shown that the passive ventricular stretch induced during the active filling phase of the heart can be used to make images correlated to the passive mechanical stiffness of the ventricles. In the initial feasibility study chronic infarcts and ablation lesions were differentiated from healthy myocardium. Here we provide motivation for our novel strain metric and demonstrate that AKIS imaging can be used to identify the softening that occurs early after the onset of ischemia in acute infarct scenarios.
‘Time-Sense’: Railways and Temporality in Colonial India*

This paper traces the establishment of standardized railway time in colonial India between 1854 and 1905, and explores how the colonized—as passengers and population—negotiated the temporal re-structuring introduced through railways. Millions were affected by the process through which the time of a single meridian was selected as an all-India railway time, and gradually deemed civil time, continuing even today as Indian Standard Time. The paper explores everyday responses to this dramatic change in ‘time-sense’ engendered through railways, both as speedy transport and as standardized time. This allows for a historical analysis of how individuals and societies deal in practice with abstract technological transformations, and of how colonized populations have navigated the modernizing intervention of imperialist states. It argues that the ways in which the population of colonial India accepted, contested, and appropriated the temporal standardization instituted through railways and railway time challenged imperial policies determined by reified presumptions of metropolitan versus colonial ‘time-sense’. Since these responses were often analogous to how people and societies across the globe were responding to temporal standardization, they disrupt imperial strategies that used time-sense to locate colonized populations outside of History, in effect excluding them from their own present. They thus serve to materially de-stabilize a narrative of colonial time-lag and to reclaim the historical present as a time in which the colonizer and colonized exist contemporaneously. Consequently, they reconfigure modernity as an experiential rather than as a normative historical present.
Dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates as disruptants of moth sex pheromone‐mediated behavior

A series of dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphono-fluoridates in which one or two of the alkyl moieties were long-chain alkyl groups were synthesized and examined for their ability to disrupt moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. Disruption of pheromone-mediated behavior was found only for those compounds containing a (Z)-8-dodecenyl moiety, i.e. the alkyl substituent of the principal pheromone component ((Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate) of the oriental fruit moth. Di-((Z)-8-dodecenyl) phosphorofluoridate was nearly as disruptive as (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate.
Morphine withdrawal induced behavior in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

The effects of morphine withdrawal on a number of behaviors was assessed using a design varying sex, amount of morphine implanted, degree of dependence at the time of testing and amount of morphine antagonist injected. Increases in two types of agonistic behavior were seen and may be related to the aversive interoceptive stimuli associated with withdrawal. Furthermore, correlations for males were found between agonistic behavior and activity, wet shakes, digging and vocalization. Agonistic behavior was correlated only with activity in females.
Optimized Constant-Life Diagram for the Analysis of Fiberglass Composites Used in Wind Turbine Blades

Mandell et al. have recently presented an updated constant-life diagram (CLD) for a fiberglass composite that is a typical wind turbine blade material. Their formulation uses the MSU/DOE fatigue data base to develop a CLD with detailed S-N information at 13 R-values. This diagram is the most detailed to date, and it includes several loading conditions that have been poorly represented in earlier studies. Sutherland and Mandell have used this formulation to analyze typical loads data from operating wind farms and the failure of coupons subjected to spectral loading. The detailed CLD used in these analyses requires a significant investment in materials testing that is usually outside the bounds of typical design standards for wind turbine blades. Thus, the question has become: How many S-N curves are required for the construction of a CLD that is sufficient for an accurate'' prediction of equivalent fatigue loads and service lifetimes? To answer this question, the load data from two operating wind turbines and the failure of coupons tested using the WISPERX spectra are analyzed using a nonlinear damage model. For the analysis, the predicted service lifetimes that are based on the CLD constructed from 13 R-values are compared to the predictions for CLDs constructed with fewer R-values. The results illustrate the optimum number of R-values is 5 with them concentrated between R-values of -2 and 0.5, or -2 and 0.7.
On the nature of the magnetocaloric effect of the first-order magnetostructural transition

Abstract Methods were developed to determine the structural entropy contribution to the total isothermal entropy change of materials which undergo a magnetostructural first-order phase transition. The structural entropies range from 4.5 to 45 J kg −1 K −1 and are proportional to the volume differences of the phases involved in the transition. This correlation allows one to predict new giant magnetocaloric effect materials from crystallographic data. There is a critical magnetic field which must be exceeded to drive the structural transition to completion.
Synthesis of epitaxial SnxGe1−x alloy films by ion‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy

In this letter, we report the synthesis of epitaxial SnxGe1–x/Ge/Si(001) with compositions up to x=0.34 by ion-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with 30–100 eV Ar+ ions produced by an electron cyclotron resonance ionization source with ion to atom flux ratios of the order of unity in the substrate temperature range of 120–200 °C. High flux low energy ion beam irradiation greatly inhibits Sn segregation without interrupting epitaxy.
The Effect of Devaluation on the Price Level

I. Argument that depreciation of an overvalued currency must entail a rise in the domestic price level, 273. — II. Examination of this argument, 277. — III. Differences between various restrictive policies, 281.
Enhancement of rats’ single-alternation performance by high food deprivation

Rats were trained in a straight alley with a single-alternation schedule of reward and nonreward under either high (11 g/day) or low (20 g/day) food deprivation. Ss under high deprivation were superior in patterning performance to those under low deprivation, the form of this result differing over segments of the alley. In the goal segment, the high-deprivation animali’ ran faster on rewarded trials than the low-deprivation animals, while in the start segment, the high-deprivation animals ran more slowly on nonrewarded trials than the low-deprivation animals. It was suggested that increasing food deprivation increases the reward value of food and the aversiveness of nonreward
Effect of AU Substitutions at the Stem on the Stability of Kissing Loop Complexes

Kissing loop complexes form when two RNA hairpins interact through their complementary loops. We have investigated the role of the helical stems adjacent to the loops on the overall stability of a model kissing loop complex.Our results show that a minimum length of 6 base pairs in the hairpin stems is required to form kissing loop complexes (in the absence of Mg2+) and that changing a GC base pair to an AU base pair near the loop facilitates the formation of kissing loop complexes. For instance, the melting temperature (Tm) of a kissing loop complex with a GC→AU substitution near the loop is 6 °C higher than the Tm of the parent complex. To determine if this stabilization is due to a decreased stability of the hairpin stems, we have tested the effect of AU substitutions that are further away from the loop. Our results show that these far away substitutions do not stabilize the kissing loop complex, suggesting that the facilitation observed with AU substitutions near the loop arises from specific effects at the stem-loop interface and not from an overall decrease in the stability of the stems. We are currently investigating whether AU substitutions near the loop eliminate a metal-ion binding site or affect the stacking interactions between the loops. Our overall results contribute to a better understanding of the rules governing the formation of kissing loop complexes, which are important to rationalize the principles of RNA-RNA recognition.
The anodic oxidation of zinc and cadmium in aqueous solution

Abstract In the absence of oxidizing agents in the electrolyte solution, only the bipositive ions are formed at zinc and cadmium anodes on electrolysis. In the presence of certain oxidizing agents (e.g. nitrate ion), however, both metals dissolve anodically with an initial mean valence number between one and two; in the presence of chlorate ion zinc dissolves with an initial mean valence number between one and two, whereas cadmium exhibits an initial mean valence number of two. In those solutions in which the initial mean valence number of the metal is less than two, its value decreases further with increasing temperature of electrolysis. No unipositive ion of zinc or cadmium could be isolated, and flow experiments indicated that if the unipositive ion is formed it has a very short lifetime with respect to further oxidation to the bipositive state. All of the experimental data can be explained, however, on the hypothesis that the primary anode reaction is the formation of the unipositive ion, which can then be oxidized to the bipositive state either electrolytically or by an oxidizing agent in the solution. The second oxidation can be thought of as competitive between the oxidizing agent and the electrode. This hypothesis is supported by the relation between the initial mean valence number and the quantity of reduced electrolyte in the anolyte solution.
Supplemental diets containing yeast, sucrose, and soy powder enhance the survivorship, growth, and development of prey-limited cursorial spiders

We examined the effects of a supplemental diet mixture (SDM) and its individual ingredients (sucrose, yeasts, and toasted soy flour) on the survivorship, growth, and development of a cursorial spider, Hibana futilis Banks (Anyphaenidae). Some treatments included limited numbers of Helicoverpa zea eggs, a favored prey. This approach highlighted the relative nutritional contributions of the supplemental diet ingredients, especially under conditions of prey limitation, and showed whether these spiders could be reared on minimal prey augmented with supplemental diet. Spiders fed either 5 or 15 eggs became prey-limited during their first and second molts, respectively. When deprived of prey but provisioned with either sucrose or SDM, spiders persisted as first instar nymphs for weeks, but while sucrose-fed nymphs never molted, those fed SDM typically molted 2–3 times. When SDM was added to the diet, spiders that had fed on as few as 50 eggs could reproduce successfully. Binary mixtures of sucrose plus either baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen) or toasted soy flour were more effective in promoting growth and development in prey-limited spiders than any of the three ingredients of SDM alone. Active baker’s yeast was more effective than dried powdered brewer’s yeast at supporting development. These results suggest two possibilities for managing cursorial spiders: (1) Supplemental diet mixtures could be applied as a food spray to promote their conservation in crops; and, (2) A mass rearing diet could be made from a minimal amount of prey plus two or three inexpensive, supplemental diet ingredients.
Outlook for calorie production

The less developed countries have made considerable progress in increasing agricultural production. However, in most countries, development has fallen short of expectations and has not been sufficient to meet the expanding demand for food coming from a rapidly growing population and some increase in per capita income. In many countries, this gap has resulted in greatly increased imports of food plus rising food prices or food rationing. Increased food imports have been possible because of the United States Food for Peace program.
Possibility of a Type I Statistical Error in Analysis of a Randomized Cloud Seeding Project in South Dakota

Abstract Previous tests of rainfall data from a randomized cloud seeding project in northwestern South Dakota led to a tentative rejection of the null hypothesis that seeding had no effect and to a suspicion that seeding had caused a suppression of rainfall, not only in the target area but in nearby upwind controls. The present study shows that the shortage of rainfall on seed days extended over a three-state area and, furthermore, was present in the early morning hours before seeding commenced. It is concluded that the rainfall data collected on the project do not necessarily reflect changes in rainfall due to seeding and that rejection of the original hypothesis (that seeding had no effect) constituted a Type I error.
Cyclotella cryptica, a New Brackish-Water Diatom Species1

A new species of brackish-water diatom, Cyclotella cryptica, is described on the basis of structural details of the cleaned shells from cells of different sizes grown in culture. This species resem...
Developing a Smart Grid cybersecurity education platform and a preliminary assessment of its first application

The energy sector worldwide has embarked on a transformational process to modernize the over-a-century-old power grid under an umbrella term of the Smart Grid. This vast infrastructural upgrade and operational change involves integration of a variety of advanced digital computing, communications and industrial control technologies. This brings new capabilities, but also necessitates a re-education of the aging workforce and training of the emerging workforce. While training does exist, the training approach and the accessibility of that training is often at odds with the needs of the utilities. To support this education and training need, in this paper we introduce the beginning of a modular, hands-on and open Smart Grid cybersecurity educational training platform and supporting materials together with an assessment of a preliminary version leveraged at the Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid (TCIPG) Summer School held in 2013. We base pedagogical pillars onto: (1) Active Learning that promotes analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of the content from Bloom's taxonomy, (2) The theory of project-based learning, (3) Piaget's learn-by-doing posture, and (4) Constructivist perspective of education. The main goal of this effort is to develop a complete, phased, and modular learning platform to provide the essential base knowledge and hands-on training exercises for understanding and demonstrating competency in Smart Grid cybersecurity.
Genetic Differences among White Leghorn Chicks in Requirements of Arginine

Among three strains of the one breed, and among sire families within each strain, there were highly significant differences in ability of chicks to tolerate a deficiency of arginine at ages up to 4 weeks. One of these strains required about 25 percent more arginine than another for maximum growth to that age.
The brainstem projection of the vestibular nerve in the cat

The projection of the vestibular nerve to the brainstem of the cat was re-examined with silver degeneration methods after complete lesions of the vestibular ganglion. Whereas previous investigations emphasize that only parts of the major vestibular nuclei are innervated by the vestibular nerve, the present investigation shows that only the dorsal division of the lateral vestibular nucleus is uninnervated. Thus, the terminal field of the vestibular nerve extends to the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the superior, medial, descending, and the ventral division of the lateral vestibular nuclei. Vestibular nerve fibers were also traced to discrete terminal fields in the reticular formation lateral to the abducens nucleus and in the rostral, lateral parts of the accessory cuneate nucleus. These observations indicate a more widespread distribution of vestibular nerve fibers in the brainstem of the cat than previously believed.
Structural and Functional Diseases of the Equine Brain

Structural and functional diseases of the equine brain may cause a variety of clinical signs depending on both the cause and the precise location of the disease in the brain. Signs of behavioral abnormality and central blindness are two of the more common signs. Structural disorders are most common in adults, whereas a greater number of functional diseases occur in foals. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are of great diagnostic value for structural diseases. Treatment and prognosis vary considerably depending on the specific cause of the brain disease.
Secondary Prevention Efforts at a Residential Facility for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Function-Based Check-in, Check-out

Check-in, check-out (CICO) is a secondary-tier intervention with proven utility for reducing problem behaviors and increasing responsiveness to primary-tier expectations of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS). CICO has been investigated at the elementary and middle school levels in traditional school settings with students both with and without disabilities. This study seeks to extend this literature base by (a) investigating the utility of CICO in residential settings for students with emotional and behavior disorders, (b) investigating the role of function in responsiveness to CICO intervention efforts, and (c) using direct observation data and a multiple-baseline design to measure responsiveness across participants. Limitations and future directions also are discussed.
Changes in the ultrastructure of Chlamydia psittaci produced by treatment of the host cell with DEAE-dextran and cycloheximide.

The ultrastructure of two Chlamydia psittaci serotypes was investigated in infected L-cell monolayers fixed and embedded in situ. This preparation preserved the relationship of the parasite to the internal structure of the host cells. Chlamydial inclusions in cells treated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-D) and cycloheximide were compared to inclusions in untreated cells. C. psittaci serotype 1 had the same or larger yields of infectious progeny per infected cell in treated cells as in untreated cells. This serotype developed normal inclusions following both treatments. C. psittaci serotype 2 had decreased infectivity yields per infected cell and developed aberrant chlamydial forms in treated cell monolayers. Serotype 2 inclusions contained pycnotic chlamydial forms and numerous miniature reticulate bodies in cycloheximide-treated cells. In DEAE-Dtreated cells, some serotype 2 reticulate bodies were abnormally pleomorphic and contained amorphous material of intermediate electron density. Other reticulate bodies had lost electron density, degenerated, and contained only fragments of the reticulum. Maturation of reticulate bodies into infectious elementary bodies was greatly decreased in serotype 2 inclusions that contained aberrant forms.
Book Review: Ruth Vanita, Gender, Sex, and the City: Urdu Rekhti Poetry in India, 1780–1870

Ruth Vanita, Gender, Sex, and the City: Urdu Rekhti Poetry in India, 1780–1870, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 310.
Sanctioned social violence: a psychoanalytic view. Part II.

This paper is the first of a series of two that present an effort to systematize the application of psychoanalytic theory of group processes to the outbreak of massive violence. It explores the origins and social amplification of primitive aggression by means of group psychology and mass psychology, and the combined influences of the regressive pull of ideologies, the personality features of social and political leadership, and the triggering impact of historical trauma and social crises. The paper describes a spectrum of narcissistic-paranoid mechanisms that provide a common matrix for the analysis of those aspects of social psychology that co-determine socially sanctioned violence.
Bending of Cord Composite Laminate Cylindrical Shells

A theory for the bending of cord composite laminate cylindrical shells is developed. The extension-twist coupling of the cords is taken into account. The general case of a circular cylindrical shell with cord plies at various angles to the shell axis is considered. The differential equations for the displacements are derived. These equations are solved analytically in closed form for a shell subjected to axisymmetric loading and no in-plane fractions. The results of the current study are compared with the commonly used Gough-Tangorra and Akasaka-Hirano solutions.
Emergency management and disaster mitigation periodicals: An annotated bibliography

(1991). Emergency Management and Disaster Mitigation Periodicals: An Annotated Bibliography. Serials Review: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 21-26.
Methodical Extensions for Decomposition of Matrix-Based Design Problems

The two-phase method is a matrix-based approach for system decomposition, in which a system is represented by a rectangular matrix to capture dependency relationships of two sets of system elements. While the two-phase method has its own advantages in problem decomposition, this paper focuses on two methodical extensions to improve the method's capability. The first extension is termed nonbinary dependency analysis, which can handle nonbinary dependency information, in addition to just binary information, of the model. This extension is based on the formal analysis of a resemblance coefficient to quantify the couplings among the model's elements. The second extension is termed heuristic partitioning analysis, which allows the method to search for a reasonably good decomposition solution with less computing effort. This extension can be viewed as an alternative to the original partitioning approach that uses an enumerative approach to search for an optimal solution. At the end, the relief valve redesign example is applied to illustrate and justify the newly developed method components.
Prenatal nicotine alters nicotinic receptor development in the mouse brain

Abstract Maternal smoking during pregnancy may affect development of the child, but little is known about potential mechanisms of these effects. Since chronic nicotine treatment alters brain nicotinic receptors in adults and also evokes tolerance which is regulated by genetic factors, pregnant mice of two inbred strains underwent chronic nicotine infusion to determine whether the developmental pattern of mouse brain nicotinic receptors would be altered. C3H/2ibg and C57BL/6ibg mice were infused SC with saline or 2.0 mg/kg/h nicotine during the last half of pregnancy. The developmental profiles of [ 3 H]nicotine and α-[ 125 I]bungarotoxin binding in seven brain regions obtained from the offspring were measured. Prenatal nicotine treatment increased levels of [ 3 H]nicotine binding at birth in the C3H hypothalamus, hippocampus, and possibly the cortex, and in the C57BL cortex. At later ages (20–30 days), [ 3 H]nicotine binding was elevated in the C3H hindbrain, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, and possibly the cortex. The C57BL hindbrain, hippocampus, midbrain, and cortex also showed increased binding at 20–30 days. Little, if any, effect of prenatal nicotine treatment was observed on the development of the α-[ 125 I]bungarotoxin binding site. Since upregulated [ 3 H]nicotine binding returns to control levels in adult animals within seven days following termination of chronic nicotine infusion, it is unlikely that simple upregulation is responsible for the changes observed in 20–30-day-old mouse brains.
Wavelets in the Solution of Nongray Radiative Heat Transfer Equation

The wavelet basis functions are introduced into the radiative transfer equation in the frequency domain. The intensity of radiation is expanded in terms of Daubechies’ wrapped-around wavelet functions. It is shown that the wavelet basis approach to modeling nongrayness can be incorporated into any solution method for the equation of transfer. In this paper the resulting system of equations is solved for the one-dimensional radiative equilibrium problem using the P-N approximation.
Transverse-momentum properties of multipion systems produced in high-energy collisions

The results of an investigation of the correlation between the mass (M) and the transverse momentum (p/sub T/) of multipion systems produced in pp collisions at 102 and 400 GeV/c indicate that, for fixed M, p/sub T/ distributions are only weakly dependent on the incident energy, as well as on the charge and multiplicity of the produced system. The dependence of on M is much stronger and is similar to that measured for discrete hadronic states.
Influence of coal preoxidation and the relation between char structure and gasification potential

Abstract A study was carried out to ascertain the effects of coal preoxidation and carbonization conditions on the structure and relative gasification potential of a series of bituminous coal chars. Chars were prepared from two freshly mined bituminous coals and preoxidized samples derived from them. Carbonization conditions included a wide range of heating rate (0.2–10000K s −1 ), temperature (1073–1273 K) and time (0.25–3600 s). Char properties were characterized in terms of analysis of char morphology, surface area, elemental composition, and gasification reactivity in air. Over the range of conditions used, preoxidation substantially reduced coal fluid behaviour and influenced macroscopic char properties (char morphology). Following slow heating (0.2 K s −1 ), preoxidized coals yielded chars having higher total surface areas and higher reactivities toward gasification in air than did similar chars prepared from fresh coal. Following rapid heating (10000 K s −1 ) and short residence times (0.25 s), chars prepared from preoxidized and fresh coals exhibited similar microstructural and chemical properties (surface area, C H ratios, gasification rates). Carbonization time and temperature were found to be the critical parameters influencing char structure and gasification potential.
Diffusion of directed polymers in a random environment

We consider a system of random walks or directed polymers interacting weakly with an environment which is random in space and time. In spatial dimensionsd>2, we establish that the behavior is diffusive with probability one. The diffusion constant is not renormalized by the interaction.
Comparison of Pt/MWCNTs nanocatalysts synthesis processes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Platinum on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) support was synthesized by two different processes to transfer PtCl 6 2 − from aqueous to organic phase. While the first method of Pt/MWCNTs synthesis involved dodecane thiol (DDT) and octadecane thiol (ODT) as anchoring agent, the second method used ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) as the dispersion/anchoring agent. The catalyst synthesis with ALS is relatively simple compared to that with thiols and also showed higher performance. The particle size and distribution of platinum were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The TEM images showed homogenous distribution and uniform particle size of platinum deposited on the surface of MWCNTs. The single cell fuel cell performance of the Pt/MWCNTs synthesized thiols and ALS based electrode containing 0.2 mg (anode) and 0.4 mg (cathode) Pt. cm−2 were evaluated using Nafion-212 electrolyte with H2 and O2 gases. The Electrodes with Pt/MWCNTs nanocatalysts synthesized using ALS were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) for durability evaluation using humidified H2 and N2 gases at 80 °C along with commercial Pt/C for comparison. CV data showed exceptionally stable electrochemically active surface area for Pt/MWCNTs based membrane electrode assembly compared to that with Pt/C.