cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of a tailored intervention to increase screening in HMO women overdue for Pap test and mammography services

Abstract Background. Research has established the societal cost-effectiveness of providing breast and cervical cancer screening to women. Less is known about the cost of motivating women significantly overdue for services to receive screening. Methods. In this intent-to-treat study, a total of 254 women, aged 52–69, who were overdue for both Pap test and mammography, were randomized to two groups, a tailored, motivational outreach or usual care. For effectiveness, we calculated the percent of women who received both services within 14 months of randomization. We used a comprehensive cost model to estimate total cost, per-participant cost, and the incremental cost-effectiveness of delivering the outreach intervention from the health plan perspective. We also conducted sensitivity analyses around two key parameters, target population size and level of effectiveness. Results. Compared with usual care, outreach (P = 0.006) screened significantly more women. The intervention cost $167.62 (2,000 U.S. dollars) for each woman randomized to outreach, and incremental cost-effectiveness of outreach over usual care was $818 per additional woman screened. Sensitivity analyses estimated incremental cost-effectiveness between $19 and $90 per additional woman screened. Conclusions. Larger health plans can likely increase Pap test and mammography services in this population for a relatively low cost using this outreach intervention.
Cranial skeletal biology

To artists, the face is a mirror of the soul. To biologists, the face reflects remarkable structural diversity--think of bulldogs and wolfhounds or galapagos finches. How do such variations in skeletal form arise? Do the same mechanisms control skeletogenesis elsewhere in the body? The answers lie in the molecular machinery that generates neural crest cells, controls their migration, and guides their differentiation to cartilage and bone.
Epidemiology of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease

The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased over the past several decades and is expected to continue to increase. Although the individual components of MetS have previously been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), until recently there were few data on the relationship between MetS itself and incident CKD and ESRD. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated an association between MetS and CKD. When pooling 10 prospective cohort studies, MetS was associated with an increased odds ratio for an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/ min per 1.73 m2 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.34–1.80). Additionally, published data suggest an association between MetS and albuminuria. Evidence suggests that lifestyle modifications such as weight reduction, reduced dietary fat intake and cholesterol, and pharmacologic treatments may reduce the burden of MetS and thus the risk for CKD, albuminuria, and ESRD.
Efficacy of Screening Mammography Among Women Aged 40 to 49 Years and 50 to 69 Years: Comparison of Relative and Absolute Benefit

In randomized controlled trials, screening mammography has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer about 25% to 30% among women aged 50 to 69 years after only five to six years from the initiation of screening. Among women aged 40 to 49 years, trials have reported no reduction in breast cancer mortality after seven to nine years from the initiation of screening; after 10 to 14 years there is a 16% reduction in breast cancer mortality. Given that the incidence of breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years is lower and the potential benefit from mammography screening smaller and delayed, the absolute number of deaths prevented by screening women aged 40 to 49 years is much less than in screening women aged 50 to 69 years. Because the absolute benefit of screening women aged 40 to 49 years is small and there is concern that the harms are substantial, the focus should be to help these women make informed decisions about screening mammography by educating them of their true risk of breast cancer and the potential benefits and risks of screening.
Preparing the leaders for mechatronics education

Mechatronics is the synergetic combination of precision mechanical engineering, electronic control and systems thinking in the design of products and processes. There is a need to develop interdisciplinary programs in mechatronics that better prepare our graduates to design, build, and operate the products and systems of today and tomorrow. To address this need, the National Science Foundation funded a project entitled "Preparing the Leaders for Mechatronics Education" undertaken by Cal Poly in 1995-1996. The activities that took place during this two-year program is outlined. Several courses and course modules have already been developed and implemented by the participants of this program for their own universities. Some of their pioneering work in this field is also summarized.
Opsonic Activity of Specific Human IgG against Helicobacter pylori

There is a strong association between chronic gastroduodenal disease in adults and children and the recovery of Helicobacter pylori (formerly Campylobacter pylori) from gastric biopsy specimens. However, data relevant to host defense mechanisms directed against this organism are scarce. The ability of H. pylori-specific antibody and complement to enhance the in vitro phagocytosis and killing of H. pylori by human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were studied. Sera with IgG antibody to H. pylori from five children with culture-proven H. pylori gastric disease markedly enhanced complement-dependent phagocytosis of H. pylori in an assay using flow cytometry to measure uptake of fluorescent-labeled bacteria by PMNL. Absorption of specific antibody from patient sera with an excess of H. pylori organisms completely abrogated this enhancement. IgG purified from plasma with high IgG antibody titers to H. pylori enhanced complement-dependent phagocytosis of H. pylori and increased the killing of this organism by PMNL in the presence of 5% human opsonic complement by one full log. IgG antibody to H. pylori appears to be highly functional in vitro in promoting complement-dependent phagocytosis and killing of H. pylori by PMNL.
Mapping the nutrition transition in Peru: evidence for decentralized nutrition policies

The study objectives were to map the different stages of the nutrition transition for each department within Peru, and to determine the nutrition policy needs for each geographic area based on their current stage in the nutrition transition. Results show that most of the country is suffering from a double-burden of malnutrition, with high rates of stunting among children less than 5 years of age and high rates of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age. Currently, Peru has only country-wide nutrition policies, administered by the Ministry of Health, that are primarily focused on stunting prevention. This study argues for the need to have decentralized nutrition policies that vary according to what type of malnutrition is being experienced in each geographic area.
Detection of Epitestosterone Doping by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Background: Epitestosterone is prohibited by sport authorities because its administration will lower the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, a marker of testosterone administration. A definitive method for detecting epitestosterone administration is needed. Methods: We developed a gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry method for measuring the δ13C values for urinary epitestosterone. Sample preparation included deconjugation with β-glucuronidase, solid-phase extraction, and semipreparative HPLC. Epitestosterone concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for urines obtained from a control group of 456 healthy males. Epitestosterone δ13C values were determined for 43 control urines with epitestosterone concentrations ≥40 μg/L (139 nmol/L) and 10 athletes’ urines with epitestosterone concentrations ≥180 μg/L (624 nmol/L), respectively. Results: The log epitestosterone concentration distribution was gaussian [mean, 3.30; SD, 0.706; geometric mean, 27.0 μg/L (93.6 nmol/L)]. The δ13C values for four synthetic epitestosterones were low (less than or equal to −30.3‰) and differed significantly ( P 180 μg/L (624 nmol/L) had δ13C values within ± 3 SD of the control group. The δ13C value of epitestosterone in one sample was −32.6‰ ( z -score, 9.4), suggesting that epitestosterone was administered. In addition, the likelihood of simultaneous testosterone administration was supported by low δ13C values for androsterone and etiocholanolone. Conclusions: Determining δ13C values for urinary epitestosterone is useful for detecting cases of epitestosterone administration because the mean δ13C values for a control group is high (−23.8‰) compared with the δ13C values for synthetic epitestosterones.
Test of πN partial wave analyses at the onset of the roper resonance

Abstract High precision data on the left-right asymmetry in π − p → π 0 n have been obtained using a transversely polarized target at p π = 300−625 MeV. The results are compared with predictions of recent π N partial-wave analyses. At the onset of the Roper N ∗ (1440) resonance, the VPI phases are strongly favored over the ones of Karlsruhe-Helsinki and CMU-LBL. The properties of the π N resonances listed in the Particle Data Table are based mainly on the Karlsruhe-Helsinki and CMU-LBL analyses, and thus they should be viewed with some care.
Hierarchical DP for word recognition

A hierarchical multi-pass process using a two level dynamic programming structure for word recognition is described. Segmentation is used to define regions within the global matrix which will be used as "local" matrices for dp in a hierarchical fashion. A global warping path and distance is refined iteratively as results from local dp are incorporated. This technique is designed for more controlled interaction between regions, effective use of hierarchical processing, and speech specific pattern matching at both levels. A related experiment to test the effectiveness of regional, phonetically oriented templates and matching parameters for word pair discrimination is summarized. Word pair specific tests discriminated without error across all speakers for ten of the most confusable pairs in a standard data base (16 speakers, 5120 trials total). The tests were found using a catalogue of region types and parameters selected for potential utility in this task.
Comparison of automated quantitative coronary angiography with caliper measurements of percent diameter stenosis

Measurement of coronary artery stenosis is an invaluable tool in the study of coronary artery disease. Clinical trials and even day-to-day decision making should ideally be based on accurate and reproducible quantitative methods. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) using digital angiographic techniques has been shown to fulfill these requirements. Yet many laboratories have abandoned visual analysis in favor of the intermediate quantitative approach involving hand-held calipers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the relation between QCA and the commonly used caliper measurements. Percent stenosis was assessed in 155 lesions using 3 techniques: QCA, caliper measures from a 35-mm chte viewer (tine) and caliper measures from a video display (CRT). Good overall correlation was noted among the 3 different techniques (r 20.72). Roth of the caliper methods underesttmated QCA for stenosis 175% (p lO.001) and overestimated stenosis <75% (p <O.OS). Reproductbillty assessed in 52 lesions by independent observers showed QCA to be superior (r = 0.95) to either of the caliper measurements (tine: r = 0.63; CRR r = 0.73). Therefore, the commonly used caliper method is not an adequate substitute for QCA because overestimation of noncritical stenoses and underestimation of severe stenoses may occur and the measurements have poor reproducibility. These factors definitely preclude its use in rigorous clinical trials. Moreover, since they do not appear to overcome known deficiencies of visual analysis, caliper measurements for day-to-day clinical use must also be seriously questioned. (Am J Cardid 1990;65:1161-1164)
Reflections on PTSD’s future in DSM–V

Research findings have fuelled debate on the construct validity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accompanying these issues are competing suggestions to redefine PTSD's criteria, including a recent proposal by DSM-V committee members. We review various approaches to revising the PTSD diagnosis and conclude that proposed changes should be placed in the appendix that the DSM has used for experimental criteria sets.
Laboratory Study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination in Groundwater

AbstractIn recent years, outbreaks of groundwater contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms have been reported worldwide. Monitoring the presence of pathogens in groundwater is highly important in order to assess the risks associated with a number of common practices, including water reuse and manure spreading. We conducted this study in laboratory-scale sand columns to compare the transport and retention of two E. coli strains, O157:H7 and JM109, in the subsurface environment. Bacterial breakthrough curves and deposition rates were obtained under various ionic strength conditions. The cell’s surface zeta potential and hydrophobicity were tested to characterize their surface properties. We also investigated the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on the deposition of both E. coli strains in groundwater. The deposition behaviors of the E. coli strains could not be fully explained by extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. Our results indicate the retention of E. coli O157:H7 in san...
On nearest neighbor indexing of nonlinear trajectories

In recent years, the problem of indexing mobile objects has assumed great importance because of its relevance to a wide variety of applications. Most previous results in this area have proposed indexing schemes for objects with linear trajectories in one or two dimensions. In this paper, we present methods for indexing objects with nonlinear trajectories. Specifically, we identify a useful condition called the convex hull property and show that any trajectory satisfying this condition can be indexed by storing a careful representation of these objects in a traditional index structure. Since a wide variety of relevant nonlinear trajectories satisfy this condition, our result significantly expands the class of trajectories for which nearest neighbor indexing schemes can be devised. We also show that even though many non-linear trajectories do not satisfy the convex hull condition, an approximate representation can often be found which satisfies it. We discuss examples of techniques which can be utilized to find representations that satisfy the convex hull property. We present empirical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our indexing method.
Canada Goose Weed Dispersal and Nutrient Loading in Turfgrass Systems

High populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis L.) can lead to feces accumulation in areas adjacent to surface waters, creating concern about aquatic eutrophication. Further, turf managers and livestock farmers work to keep their facilities free of noxious or toxic weeds that geese potentially disperse. We investigated the prevalence of viable seeds and nitrogen and phosphorus content in resident Canada goose droppings. During spring, summer, and fall of 2008, we collected 127 fresh individual droppings which were placed in seedling trays within an irrigated greenhouse and allowed 30 days for weed seed to germinate. Trays were cold stratified for 30 days and returned to the greenhouse for an additional 30 days. Also, during summer and fall of 2007 and 2008, we tested 304 fecal samples from 8 sites for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP). Out of 127 droppings planted, 4 plants germinated (3.1%): Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pennsylvanicum L.), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), and 2 Kyllinga spp. The average amounts of TKN and TP in fecal samples were 24.2 mg/g (range = 12.6 to 55.7) and 3.6 mg/g (range = 1.4 to 8.3) of dry matter, respectively. The results indicate that Canada geese in suburban and urban areas are not frequent vectors of viable seeds, but do have potential to contribute nutrients to adjacent surface waters.
Dynamic Information Sharing using a Distributed Traffic Surveillance Infrastructure

In this paper, we propose and study a novel distributed traffic information system. The contributions of the paper include a road-network-aware (RNA) information publication protocol, a distributed query processing protocol with transient memory, and an adaptive interaction model between the two, all in the context of a distributed traffic surveillance infrastructure. Our study focuses on (1) the impact of various information demand characteristics on dissemination strategies, and (2) the adaptive optimal strategies in a distributed manner without prior knowledge of information demand characteristics. Both theoretical and simulation results are presented.
Plant Transformation by Coinoculation with a Disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain and an Escherichia coli Strain Carrying Mobilizable Transgenes

Transformation of Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants was attempted with Escherichia coli as a DNA donor either alone or in combination with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We constructed E. coli donor strains harboring either the promiscuous IncP-type or IncN-type conjugal transfer system and second plasmids containing the respective origins of transfer and plant-selectable markers. Neither of these conjugation systems was able to stably transform plant cells at detectable levels, even when VirE2 was expressed in the donor cells. However, when an E. coli strain expressing the IncN-type conjugation system was coinoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain, plant tumors arose at high frequencies. This was caused by a two-step process in which the IncN transfer system mobilized the entire shuttle plasmid from E. coli to the disarmed A. tumefaciens strain, which in turn processed the T-DNA and transferred it to recipient plant cells. The mobilizable plasmid does not require a broad-host-range replication origin for this process to occur, thus reducing its size and genetic complexity. Tumorigenesis efficiency was further enhanced by incubation of the bacterial strains on medium optimized for bacterial conjugation prior to inoculation of leaf explants. These techniques circumvent the need to construct A. tumefaciens strains containing binary vectors and could simplify the creation of transgenic plants.
Group discussion techniques in a technical course

The author explains his use of the group discussion method of teaching in a technical course. The use of group discussion presented here was developed to solve a problem in EET 311, Biomedical Electrical Systems, a junior/senior elective in introductory medical instrumentation. Results have been good. The average grades in the two semesters the group projects have been used are up 13% over the semesters in which the standard lecture techniques were used. The enthusiasm generated in the group portion of the course carries over into the rest of the course, with increased classroom participation by the members of the class. >
Hurwitz Equivalence in Dihedral Groups

In this paper we determine the orbits of the braid group $B_n$ action on $G^n$ when $G$ is a dihedral group and for any $T \in G^n$. We prove that the following invariants serve as necessary and sufficient conditions for Hurwitz equivalence. They are: the product of its entries, the subgroup generated by its entries, and the number of times each conjugacy class (in the subgroup generated by its entries) is represented in $T$.
Visualizations-based analysis of Telco data for business intelligence

With more companies investing in analytics to obtain a competitive edge in the market, decision makers require better identification of valuable metrics from among their data and to be able to interpret those complex patterns more easily. The area of data mining has been heavily invested in by the research community; however there remains a gap between the visualization efforts of this newly mined complex patterns and data. The telecom industry is one that is an ideal source of data for mining and many mining efforts are and have been undertaken by this industry. This research paper defines the key metrics to include in BI Dashboards to help visualize the right metrics accurately to decision makers for effective market edge. It proposes 3 business measures / indices followed by a grading criterion for valued subscribers based on call detail records and displays the results in an effective visualization.
A CYTOCHROME-b PERSPECTIVE ON PASSERINA BUNTING RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (1,143 nucleotides) for representatives of each species in the cardinalid genera Passerina (6 species), Guiraca (1 species), and Cyanocompsa (3 species), and used a variety of phylogenetic methods to address relationships within and among genera. We determined that Passerina, as presently recognized, is paraphyletic. Lazuli Bunting (P. amoena) is sister to the much larger Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea). Indigo Bunting (P. cyanea) and Lazuli Bunting are not sister taxa as generally thought. In all weighted parsimony trees and for the gamma-corrected HKY tree, Indigo Bunting is the sister of two sister groups, a “blue” (Lazuli Bunting and Blue Grosbeak) and a “painted” (Rosita's Bunting [P. rositae], Orange-breasted Bunting [P. leclancherii], Varied Bunting [P. versicolor], and Painted Bunting [P. ciris]) clade. The latter two species form a highly supported sister pair of relatively more recent origin. Uncorrected (p) distances for ingrou...
Recovering A Lost Past: African American Historical Writing in the Nineteenth Century

Setting Down the Sacred Past: African American Race Histories. By Laurie Maffly-Kipp. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009. 341 pp. $29.95. hardcover.
Heterogeneous models of oxygen transport in tissue slices.

Recent development of the oxygen microelectrode (Whalen,1967) has made possible more accurate measurements of tissue oxygen transport. Such measurements could greatly benefit and indeed demand the development of more sophisticated mathematical models. Since tissue is heterogeneous both in structure and in transport properties, heterogeneous tissue models appear to be in order.
Tolerance and withdrawal hyperexcitability induced in mice by chronic administration of phenaglycodol.

SummaryTolerance and withdrawal hyperexcitability were observed to follow the chronic administration of large doses of phenaglycodol (Ultran) in mice. Tolerance was shown by the fact that the threshold-raising effect of this agent is reduced by 50%, as measured by the low-frequency electroshock technic. Withdrawal hyperexcitability was shown by the fact that, 8 hours after the final dose of phenaglycodol, the seizure threshold is reduced by approximately 20%. The clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
Despite Obstacles, Considerable Potential Exists For More Robust Federal Policy On Community Development And Health

The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the Obama administration’s urban policy create an opportunity to link community development with health in new and powerful ways. The administration’s policy emphasizes improved access to and quality of care through coordinated local and regional approaches, expansion of access to healthy food, and the support of environmental health—including clean air, water, and soil—and healthy homes. New federal programs, such as the Affordable Care Act’s Community Transformation Grants, seek to prevent death and disability through policy, environmental, programmatic, and infrastructure changes. But fragmented congressional jurisdiction and budget “scoring” rules pose challenges to needed reform. We argue that government agencies need to adopt so-called systems of innovation, or organizational practices and support mechanisms that seek continuously to test new models, refine promising ones, bring to scale those that work best, and restructure or terminate what...
Assays for genetic dissection of septin filament assembly in yeast, from de novo folding through polymerization.

Abstract In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin mutations have severe effects on colony-forming ability, particularly at high temperatures, allowing the full variety of genetic tools available in this model organism to be applied to the study of septin biology. Although many details of septin function remain unknown, one can exploit a small number of easily scored phenotypes—proliferation capacity, cell morphology, septin localization, and septin ring integrity—as sensitive readouts of properly assembled septin filaments. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on genetic approaches targeted toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of de novo septin folding, heterooligomerization, and polymerization into filaments. The same general methods can be used to interrogate septin function, although interpretation of results can be more complicated. As genetic-based methodologies are technically simple but particularly dependent on interpretation, here I focus on the logic underlying the most common interpretations of results using septin mutants.
Condition on Hamiltonian Factor in Bipartite Graph

Existence of Hamiltonian factor is studied.Based on factor and degree of graph theory and aiming to balance bipartite graph,a sufficient condition on the existence of Hamiltonian factor in balanced bipartite graph is presented by straining the maximum degree of each pair of vertices whose distance is 2.If for each pair of nonadjacent vertices u and v of G,max{dG(x),dG(x)}n4+2,then for any given Hamiltonian cycle C,G has a factor containing C.This greatly improves the old degree conditions on having Hamiltonian cycle,and further perfects factor theory with Hamiltonian cycle.An example illustrates the validity of the proposed approach.
Tunable injection-locked cadmium monoiodide laser

The group IIB metal halides offer the potential of practical tunable molecular gas laser systems in various portions of the visible and near-infrared spectrum.
Designing foods for satiety: The roles of food structure and oral processing in satiation and satiety

Food consumption is determined by a range of factors that contribute to satiation, which ends a meal, and satiety, which determines time between meals. Food structure and texture contribute to satiation and satiety; however, the precise mechanisms are not fully established. The time required for oral processing has been shown to influence satiation/satiety, but the roles of physiological elements of oral processing, such as muscle activity, jaw movement, and tongue movement, remain to be established. Relationships among food structure, texture, oral processing, and satiation/satiety are discussed in reference to designing foods to maximize the contribution of food structure to satiation/satiety.
Improving selective targeting to macrophage subpopulations through modifying liposomes with arginine based materials

The effects of surface modifications on liposomes using a library of arginine derivatives for improved drug delivery were examined. Both unmodified and modified liposomes were tested for their drug delivery properties and propensity for internalization by macrophages. All materials were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. The resulting liposomes were able to encapsulate doxorubicin with a loading efficiency greater than 90% and cumulative releases of less than 15% after 144 h. The internalization of these particles was examined by loading the liposomes with fluorescein or doxorubicin to test internalization through fluorescence level and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), respectively. RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-4 (IL-4) to induce M1- or M2-like phenotypes. Naive macrophages were also studied. Most modified liposomes enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin compared to unmodified liposomes. Macrophage phenotype was also observed to influence the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin entrapped in modified liposomes, with some samples enhancing the cytotoxicity in LPS stimulated macrophages and some enhancing toxicity in IL-4 stimulated cells.
Parents’ Behavioral Inhibition Moderates Association of Preschoolers’ BI with Risk for Age 9 Anxiety Disorders

Background Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) in children predicts later anxiety disorders. However, many children with BI do not develop anxiety disorders, suggesting the importance of identifying moderating factors. The current study examined whether parents’ history of BI moderates the associations between preschoolers’ BI and anxiety disorders at age 9.
Developing a Bad Reputation: The Emergence of Student Affairs in College Novels

As the student affairs field emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, these administrators were increasingly depicted in novels about college students and campus life. This chapter examines their portrait in 23 novels from 1860s to 1930s. These college novels conveyed to the larger public and future college students that student affairs administrators focused on policing behavior rather than encouraging education. In these books, fictional students were hostile toward these administrators, resisting adherence to Victorian-era propriety. In some novels, progressive faculty members represented an alternative path—a path attractive to many students—to the anti-intellectualism of the first fictional student affairs administrators. These depictions laid a foundation for the negative portrayals of student affairs administrators in contemporary American popular culture.
Promoting physical activity through internet: a persuasive technology view

Participation in regular physical activity (PA) is critical to sustaining good health. While a few attempts have been made to use internet-based interventions to promote PA, no system review has been conducted in determining the effectiveness of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review under the framework of persuasive technology (PT). Based on a comprehensive of literature search, nice experimental studies were identified and evaluated using the PT functional triad defined by Fogg in 2003[1]. It was found that only two studies led to short-term impact in promoting PA and, furthermore, two studies have found that the intervention based traditional print materials worked better. From a perspective of PT, none of the studies designed its intervention based on the framework of captology and few took full advantages of PT functions. Designing new-generation, PT based internet intervention and examining related human factors are urgently needed.
Effect of the Type and Positon of Scoliosis on the Static Balance of Adolescents

Purpose: This paper provides basic clinical data on the treatment of scoliosis patients by analyzing the effects of the type and position of scoliosis on the static balance using Tetrax on adolescents who have balance disorders as a consequence of structural changes, such as scoliosis. Methods: A total of 110 adolescents were divided into 6 groups according to the radiographs and 60 adolescents were sampled, 10 each for each group. The static balance was measured and analyzed on the existence of sight using Tetrax. Results: The changes followed by existence of sight in static balance group showed a significant difference statistically in Stability index in all groups (p<0.001). The changes in the static balance in each group in terms of the stability index were significant in all groups, where the experiments were performed under the eyes opened and eyes-closed condition (p<0.01)(p<0.001). The post-hoc comparison revealed the stability index to be the highest in the eyes-opened condition in group III, but not in group IV. In the eyes-closed condition, group III showed the highest stability index of all the groups. Conclusion: Adolescents with lumbar scoliosis had a lower static balance in single scoliosis with the eyes-closed condition or had little movement compensation. In addition, unlike the other normal scoliosis, back scoliosis has negative effects on the posture because it causes an increase in the disturbance of posture. Therefore, future studied will be needed to examine the imbalance of posture in people suffering from back pain.
Material Hardship and Mental Health Symptoms Among a Predominantly Low Income Sample of Pregnant Women Seeking Prenatal Care

Introduction Although poverty is an established correlate of poorer mental health for pregnant women, limited research has examined the mental health effects of material hardship (i.e., difficulties meeting basic needs such as for food, transportation, or stable housing) during pregnancy. Methods The current research examined rates of material hardship among pregnant women seeking prenatal care and the relationships of both income and material hardship with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Pregnant women (N = 892) responded to self-report measures of mental health symptoms, annual household income, and current material hardship in the waiting areas of community-based obstetrics/gynecology practices serving primarily financially disadvantaged patients. Results About 56% of the sample reported some form of material hardship. About 19% of the sample reported elevated depression, and 17% reported elevated anxiety. Both depression and anxiety were uniquely associated with lower income and greater material hardship, even after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, relationship status, and number of children in the home. Furthermore, material hardship partially mediated the effect of income on mental health symptoms. Discussion The physical, emotional, and social effects of deprivation of basic daily needs may contribute to pregnant women’s experiences of mental health symptoms. These results converge with the broader literature focused on the social determinants of physical and mental health. When symptoms of depression and anxiety reflect distress related to material hardship, addressing unmet social needs may be more effective than mental health treatment.
Preoperative molecular markers in thyroid nodules

The need for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules has led to the pursuit of differentiating molecular markers. The most common molecular tests in clinical use are Afirma® Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) and Thyroseq® V2. Despite the rapidly developing field of molecular markers, several limitations exist. These challenges include the recent introduction of the histopathological diagnosis "Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid neoplasm with Papillary-like nuclear features", the correlation of genetic mutations within both benign and malignant pathologic diagnoses, the lack of follow-up of molecular marker negative nodules, and the cost-effectiveness of molecular markers. In this manuscript, we review the current published literature surrounding the diagnostic value of Afirma® GEC and Thyroseq® V2. Among Afirma® GEC studies, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) ranged from 75 to 100%, 5 to 53%, 13 to 100%, and 20 to 100%, respectively. Among Thyroseq® V2 studies, Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV ranged from 40 to 100%, 56 to 93%, 13 to 90%, and 48 to 97%, respectively. We also discuss current challenges to Afirma® GEC and Thyroseq® V2 utility and clinical application, and preview the future directions of these rapidly developing technologies.
Assessing the Role of E1A in the Differential Oncogenicity of Group A and Group C Human Adenoviruses

It was first shown In 1962 that human adenovirus (Ad) types 12 and 18 rapidly induce undifferentiated sarcomas in newborn hamsters (Huebner et al. 1962; Trentin et al. 1962). In the decade that followed this initial discovery, numerous investigators confirmed the finding and showed that such tumors could be induced in other rodent species and that, depending upon the route of inoculation, neurogenic, neuroepithelial, medulloblastic, adenocarcinomatous, and retino-blastoma-like tumors were induced. During that same period it was shown that most of the other human adenoviruses either do not induce tumors in rodents or do so slowly and with low efficiency. In fact, it is now known that of the five viral groups of human adenoviruses defined on the basis of nucleic acid homology (and most likely also the more recently identified enteric adenoviruses), only those of group A (Ad12, Ad18, and Ad31) are highly oncogenic. Viruses of group B (for example, Ad3 and Ad7) are weakly oncogenic and induce tumors slowly and with low frequency. Viruses of group C (Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5) are considered to be nononcogenic, and those of groups D and E which have been tested are likewise negative for tumor induction, with the signal exception of Ad9. It is of considerable interest that this virus induces mammary fibroadenomas, some of which progress into malignant tumors in female Wistar/Furth rats (Jonsson and Ankerst 1977).
The Inverse Problem of the Calculus of Variations for Sixth- and Eighth-order Scalar Ordinary Differential Equations

On the equation manifold of the 2nth-order scalar ordinary differential equation, n≥3, $$\frac{{\partial ^{2_n } u}}{{\partial x^{2_n } }} = f\left( {x,u,\frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial x}}, \ldots ,\frac{{\partial ^{2_{n - 1} } u}}{{\partial x^{2_{n - 1} } }}} \right),$$ we construct a contact two-form Π such that dΠ≡0 modΠ, if and only if Equation (1) admits a nondegenerate Lagrangian of order n. We show that the space of all nondegenerate Lagrangians for (1) is at most one-dimensional. The necessary and sufficient conditions for sixth-order and eighth-order scalar ordinary differential equation to admit a variational multiplier are found in terms of vanishing of a certain set of functions. The exact relationship between the Lie algebra of the classical infinitesimal contact symmetries of a variational Equation (1) and its the Lie subalgebra of infinitesimal divergence symmetries is established.
The Organization of the Primary Visual Cortex in the Macaque

The two species of macaque most commonly used in studies of the visual cortex are Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) and M. fascicularis (crab-eating or long-tailed macaque). The brains of these two species are very similar in appearance, although the brain of M. mulatta is generally somewhat larger than that of M. fascicularis.
Practical Thinking: Dramatis Personae

In this chapter we begin our study of the formal structure of what we think when we are engaged in thinking practically. We start unfolding our story about the contents of practical thinking by developing its main characters. Our concern in this chapter is with role delineation. Each of the units of practical thinking is sketched out in basic outline, sufficient to bear the character development of the rather intricate plot to be unveiled in the following chapters.
Visual Analytic Design for Characterizing Air-Sampling Sensor Performance and Operation

Analysis and exploration of similar continuous data for various air-sampler sensor have been performed by developing a processing tool. The analysis and design for characterizing sensor data have been stated and described. Continuous 24X7 sensor data and metrological data leads the layout choices for the analytical design. Such design choices are helpful to understand the pattern of similar reading for various devices at a time. In this paper, we describe the use of the mentioned design choices for to identify pattern, unusual behavior. We used this tool and design choice to solve VAST 2017 mini challenge 2.
Alien attacks, hell gerbils, and assisted dying: Arguments against saving mere humanity

Abstract This paper argues that the reason we should colonize space cannot simply be the survival of humanity, because the survival of humanity – in some forms – would not be desirable. Rather, the reason must be that humanity is a species that lives up to certain moral standards.
Entropy as a measure of consensus in the evaluation of recreation site quality.

La methode statistique entropique de Shannon est proposee comme methode de mesure du degre de consensus de classement ordinal de la qualite des sites de loisir. Application a des donnees concernant la qualite de zones de loisirs aquatiques de la region de Boston (USA)
The USNA's Interdisciplinary Approach to Cybersecurity Education

Faced with unprecedented cybersecurity challenges, the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) has recognized the need to increase its supply of newly minted officers who have a solid educational foundation in cybersecurity and cyber operations.
The Power of Peers: Prompting Savings Behavior Through Social Comparison

abstractIn 2 experimental studies (Study 1: n = 1,155; Study 2, n = 630), the authors used a social norms approach to promote savings behavior. Many people do not save enough for retirement, which ...
Acceleration of β Cell Aging Determines Diabetes and Senolysis Improves Disease Outcomes

Summary Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an age-related disease. Although changes in function and proliferation of aged β cells resemble those preceding the development of diabetes, the contribution of β cell aging and senescence remains unclear. We generated a β cell senescence signature and found that insulin resistance accelerates β cell senescence leading to loss of function and cellular identity and worsening metabolic profile. Senolysis (removal of senescent cells), using either a transgenic INK-ATTAC model or oral ABT263, improved glucose metabolism and β cell function while decreasing expression of markers of aging, senescence, and senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP). Beneficial effects of senolysis were observed in an aging model as well as with insulin resistance induced both pharmacologically (S961) and physiologically (high-fat diet). Human senescent β cells also responded to senolysis, establishing the foundation for translation. These novel findings lay the framework to pursue senolysis of β cells as a preventive and alleviating strategy for T2D.
Parent Emotion Socialization and Child Emotional Vulnerability as Predictors of Borderline Personality Features

Although parent emotion socialization and child temperament are theorized to interact in the prediction of borderline personality disorder (BPD) features, few studies have directly examined these relationships. The present study examined whether parental emotion socialization interacted with behavioral ratings and physiological indicators of emotional vulnerability in the prediction of BPD features among preadolescent children. Participants were 125 children (10–12 years; 55% female) and their parents recruited from the community. Parents and children reported on children’s BPD features and parents completed a measure of supportive and non-supportive emotion socialization. Children’s emotional vulnerability was assessed based on parent-rated negativity/lability and emotion regulation skills and children’s respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity to a social stressor. Several significant interactions of parent supportive reactions, non-supportive reactions, and child emotional reactivity emerged. Children were lowest in BPD features when parents were high in supportive reactions and/or low in non-supportive reactions and the child was low in emotional vulnerability (e.g., low negativity/lability, good emotion regulation skills, or low SCL reactivity to stress). These findings suggest that specific emotion socialization factors in interaction with children’s emotional reactivity may predict risk for BPD features in preadolescence. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and examine whether this interaction prospectively predicts trajectories of BPD features.
Epigenome editing strategies for the functional annotation of CTCF insulators.

The human genome is folded into regulatory units termed ‘topologically-associated domains’ (TADs). Genome-wide studies support a global role for the insulator protein CTCF in mediating chromosomal looping and the topological constraint of TAD boundaries. However, the impact of individual insulators on enhancer-gene interactions and transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate epigenome editing strategies for perturbing individual CTCF insulators and evaluating consequent effects on genome topology and transcription. We show that fusions of catalytically-inactive Cas9 (dCas9) to transcriptional repressors (dCas9-KRAB) and DNA methyltransferases (dCas9-DNMT3A, dCas9-DNMT3A3L) can selectively displace CTCF from specific insulators, but only when precisely targeted to the cognate motif. We further demonstrate that stable, partially-heritable insulator disruption can be achieved through combinatorial hit-and-run epigenome editing. Finally, we apply these strategies to simulate an insulator loss mechanism implicated in brain tumorigenesis. Our study provides strategies for stably modifying genome organization and gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The role of CTCF-bound insulator elements in enhancer-gene interactions and transcriptional regulation remains poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate multiple epigenome editing strategies for perturbing individual CTCF-bound insulators, and evaluate their effects on genome topology and transcription.
Cetuximab PET delineated changes in cellular distribution of EGFR upon dasatinib treatment in triple negative breast cancer.

At least 50% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, which paved the way for clinical trials investigating its blockade. Outcomes remained dismal stemming from mechanisms of resistance particularly the nuclear cycling of EGFR, which is enhanced by Src activation. Attenuation of Src reversed nuclear translocation, restoring EGFR to the cell surface. Herein, we hypothesize that changes in cellular distribution of EGFR upon Src inhibition with dasatinib can be annotated through the EGFR immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) radiotracer, [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab. Nuclear and non-nuclear EGFR levels of dasatinib-treated vs. untreated MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were analyzed via immunoblots. Both treated and untreated cells were exposed to [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab to assess binding at 4 °C and 37 °C. EGFR-positive MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and a patient-derived xenograft were treated with dasatinib or vehicle followed by cetuximab PET imaging to compare EGFR levels. After imaging, the treated mice were separated into two groups: one cohort continued with dasatinib with the addition of cetuximab while the other cohort received dasatinib alone. Correlations between the radiotracer uptake vs. changes in tumor growth and EGFR expression from immunoblots were analyzed. Treated cells displayed higher binding of [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab to the cell membrane at 4 °C and with greater internalized activity at 37 °C vs. untreated cells. In all tumor models, higher accumulation of the radiotracer in dasatinib-treated groups was observed compared to untreated tumors. Treated tumors displayed significantly decreased pSrc (Y416) with retained total Src levels compared to control. In MDA-MB-468 and PDX tumors, the analysis of cetuximab PET vs. changes in tumor volume showed an inverse relationship where high tracer uptake in the tumor demonstrated minimal tumor volume progression. Furthermore, combined cetuximab and dasatinib treatment showed better tumor regression compared to control and dasatinib-only-treated groups. No benefit was achieved in MDA-MB-231 xenografts with the addition of cetuximab, likely due to its KRAS-mutated status. Cetuximab PET can monitor effects of dasatinib on EGFR cellular distribution and potentially inform treatment response in wild-type KRAS TNBC.