cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rickettsia‐like mitochondrial motility in Drosophila spermiogenesis

Summary Although it is generally accepted that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descended in evolution from bacteria, the potential contributions of their endosymbiont ancestors to specialized cellular pathways in development remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a motile behavior of mitochondria in Drosophila spermiogenesis is strikingly similar to the actin-based “comet tail” motility of several bacteria. A combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy demonstrates major reorganization and movement of mitochondria ahead of, and in close association with, dense conical arrays of actin filaments in the sperm individualization complex, which mediates the resolution of male germline syncytia into separate gametes. Because of several other parallels between the movement of the individualization complex and the motility behavior of some rickettsiae, the bacterial family from which mitochondria are most likely descended, this motility phenomenon is a strong candidate for a true vestige of endosymbiont behavior in contemporary mitochondria. The potential conservation of an ancient endosymbiont motility mechanism within a highly conserved feature of gametogenesis, the resolution of germline syncytia, may indicate a formative role for the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria in the evolution of this developmental pathway.
Next generation sequencing-based expression profiling identifies signatures from benign stromal proliferations that define stromal components of breast cancer

Multiple studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) of carcinomas can play an important role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Here we test the hypothesis that specific benign fibrous soft tissue tumor gene expression profiles may represent distinct stromal fibroblastic reaction types that occur in different breast cancers. The discovered stromal profiles could classify breast cancer based on the type of stromal reaction patterns in the TME. Next generation sequencing-based gene expression profiling (3SEQ) was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of 10 types of fibrous soft tissue tumors. We determined the extent to which these signatures could identify distinct subsets of breast cancers in four publicly available breast cancer datasets. A total of 53 fibrous tumors were sequenced by 3SEQ with an average of 29 million reads per sample. Both the gene signatures derived from elastofibroma (EF) and fibroma of tendon sheath (FOTS) demonstrated robust outcome results for survival in the four breast cancer datasets. The breast cancers positive for the EF signature (20-33% of the cohort) demonstrated significantly better outcome for survival. In contrast, the FOTS signature-positive breast cancers (11-35% of the cohort) had a worse outcome. We defined and validated two new stromal signatures in breast cancer (EF and FOTS), which are significantly associated with prognosis. Our group has previously identified novel cancer stromal gene expression signatures associated with outcome differences in breast cancer by gene expression profiling of three soft tissue tumors, desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF), solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), and tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT/CSF1), as surrogates for stromal expression patterns. By combining the stromal signatures of EF and FOTS, with our previously identified DTF and TGCT/CSF1 signatures we can now characterize clinically relevant stromal expression profiles in the TME for between 74% to 90% of all breast cancers.
In vitro reconstitution of stratum corneum lipid lamellae.

In the final stages of differentiation in the epidermis of terrestrial mammals, lipids are extruded into the intercellular spaces. The initially extruded lipid becomes transformed into broad, multilamellar sheets that are found in the intercellular spaces throughout the stratum corneum. These lamellae display an unusual alternating broad–narrow–broad pattern of lucent bands as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This arrangement results in two periodicities that can be measured from electron micrographs and are also evident in X-ray diffraction—5 nm (broad) and 13 nm (broad–narrow–broad). The goal of the present study was to reconstitute these lamellae in vitro. Porcine stratum corneum lipids were applied to Millipore filters. The disks were placed in water and heated to 80°C for 1 h. After cooling, the disks were stored over desiccant. At each stage, the disks were prepared for TEM. TEM revealed that the application of the lipid solutions onto the disks resulted to deposition of mostly amorphous material. Heating in water resulted in the formation of many lamellae. The width of the lamellae was uniform and in the range of 5 to 6 nm with no broad–narrow–broad pattern; however, after storage under desiccating conditions, the broad–narrow–broad pattern was reproduced.
Propylthiouracil-Induced Lupus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, and Stroke in a Patient With Graves Hyperthyroidism

Objective To describe a case of propylthiouracil-induced lupus, complicated with antiphospholipid syndrome and acute ischemic stroke. Design Case report. Setting Academic medical center. Patient A 27-year-old man with a diagnosis of Graves disease developed multiple ischemic strokes 2 weeks after starting treatment with propylthiouracil. Thyrotoxicosis and abnormal hypercoagulable and rheumatological profiles were remarkable, with prolonged partial thromboplastin time, elevated anticardiolipin antibody level, and positive antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, Sjogren antibody, and anti–double-stranded DNA antibody test results, which were more than 8-fold greater than normal values. No clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus were present. Intervention Discontinuation of propylthiouracil and treatment with radioactive iodine. Results Hyperthyroidism resolved and anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies returned to normal levels. Eventually, antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed. He was treated with oral anticoagulation and remained asymptomatic for 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion In this young man with Graves hyperthyroidism, treatment with propylthiouracil was associated with transient autoimmune reactions suggestive of drug-induced lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and acute ischemic stroke.
Insurgency and counterinsurgency in Iraq

The United States has long been frustrated in fighting insurgencies. An almost unbroken string of mostly ill-fated experiences in effectively prosecuting this unique blend of political-military operations can be traced backward over nearly half a century from the situation in Iraq today to the early 1960s when the U.S. became heavily engaged in Indochina's wars. Vietnam and Iraq thus form two legs of a historically fraught triangle—with America's experiences in El Salvador in the 1980s providing the connecting leg. The aim of this article is not to rake over old coals or rehash now familiar criticism. Rather, its purpose is to use the present as prologue in order to understand in counterinsurgency terms where we have gone wrong in Iraq; what unique challenges the current conflict in Iraq presents to the U.S. and other coalition military forces deployed there; and what light both shed on future counterinsurgency planning, operations and requirements.
Differential gene expression during elongation in the preimplantation pig embryo.

Summary: On day 12–13 of gestation, the preimplantation pig conceptus undergoes a dramatic morphologic change from an approximately 1-cm sphere to a nearly 1-m long thread. This transformation, referred to as elongation, occurs in just 12–24 h. Elongation is primarily the result of trophectodermal cell shape changes, as there is relatively little mitosis during this stage of development. Thus far, descriptions of elongation have been limited to histologic and immunofluorescent studies of cell morphology and gross biochemical evaluations. We hypothesized that the changes in trophectoderm morphology likely involves significant changes in gene expression. Therefore, we used RNA arbitrarily primed-PCR (RAP-PCR) to characterize potential differential gene expression by trophectodermal cells during pig conceptus elongation. We found that the porcine heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 was shown to be differentially expressed by trophectodermal cells during elongation. We suggest that regulated alternative splicing may contribute to the morphogenetic process of elongation. genesis 26:9–14, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantifying the Independence of Human Finger Movements: Comparisons of Digits, Hands, and Movement Frequencies

To determine whether other digits move when normal humans attempt to move just one digit, we asked 10 right-handed subjects to move one finger at a time while we recorded the motion of all five digits simultaneously with both a video motion analysis system and an instrumented glove. We quantified the independence of the digits to compare (1) the different digits, (2) the right versus the left hand, and (3) movements at a self-paced frequency versus externally paced movements at 3 Hz. We also quantified the degree to which motion occurred at the proximal, middle, or distal joint of each digit. Even when asked to move just one finger, normal human subjects produced motion in other digits. Movements of the thumb, index finger, and little finger typically were more highly individuated than were movements of the middle or ring fingers. Fingers of the dominant hand were not more independent than were those of the nondominant hand. Self-paced movements made at approximately 2 Hz were more highly individuated than were externally paced movements at 3 Hz. Angular motion tended to be greatest at the middle joint of each digit, with increased angular motion at the proximal and distal joints during 3 Hz movements. Simultaneous motion of noninstructed digits may result in part from passive mechanical connections between the digits, in part from the organization of multitendoned finger muscles, and in part from distributed neural control of the hand.
Nukes with Numbers: Empirical Research on the Consequences of Nuclear Weapons for International Conflict

Research on nuclear security has gone quantitative. Rapid growth in empirical approaches to the consequences of nuclear weapons in recent years promises to settle some controversies, even as it initiates or resurrects debates that may eventually be resolved with better estimates or data. The toolkit for studying nuclear security had long been bereft of quantitative approaches, undermining the virtuous cycle between theory and evidence. New data and growing confidence in statistical approaches have finally produced a systematic empirical literature on the consequences of nuclear weapons. We review existing studies, organizing the literature along thematic lines. We also discuss challenges facing the emergent quantitative literature and suggest several avenues for future research. Although the terminus of the basic research agenda has been anticipated more than once, the literature on nuclear consequences has shown a remarkable ability to generate novel and often unexpected research questions.
Enhanced Low-Level Stratus in the FSU Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

Abstract An empirical planetary boundary layer cloud parameterization has been developed for The Florida State University coupled ocean–atmosphere model to improve low-level clouds in the model. The scheme diagnoses the clouds by combining the PBL depth, ground wetness, and the relative humidity. Winter and summer simulations between 1987 and 1989 suggest an improvement in the low cloud representation compared to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project analysis. When implemented in the model, this parameterization results in positive impacts on shortwave fluxes and low-level circulation, particularly along the west coasts of the North and South American continents. Enhanced mechanical forcing at the ocean surface improves the SST representation in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin. Warm versus cold phase ENSO variability of the east Pacific SSTs are also improved during the seasonal simulations. Furthermore, the near-coast diurnal fluctuation of the low cloud is comparable to observations.
PANAPULLA STRONGYLIFORMIS Nelson, A New Genus and Species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Panama

Abstract A new genus and species of Buprestidae, Panapulla strongyliformis Nelson, is described and figured from a female specimen collected in Panama.
Right- versus left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a comparative outcomes analysis

Abstract Purpose Right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (R-CDH) occurs in up to 25% of all CDH cases, but has been less widely studied compared to left-sided defects. We sought to compare characteristics and outcomes of left- versus right-sided defects in a large cohort of CDH patients who underwent standardized treatment and follow-up at a single institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed charts of all CDH patients in our pulmonary hypoplasia program from January 2002 through December 2014. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and continuous variables by Mann–Whitney t-test (p≤0.05). Results A total of 330 CDH patients were treated more than the 12-year study period, with 274 (83%) left-sided and 56 (17%) right-sided cases identified. Specific pulmonary morbidities were associated with R-CDH, with increased duration of nitric oxide therapy, increased requirement for tracheostomy, increased requirement for supplemental oxygen at the time of NICU discharge, and increased chronic pulmonary hypertension with requirement for long-term Sildenafil therapy. Conclusions In this series, R-CDH was not associated with increased mortality, but was associated with increased requirement for pulmonary vasodilatory therapy and requirement for tracheostomy. The high incidence of pulmonary complications indicates increased severity of pulmonary hypoplasia in R-CDH, supporting a role for delivery in tertiary centers with expertise in CDH management.
Treatise on the Isoptera of the World: Introduction

A comprehensive compendium on the taxonomy and biology of the 3106 living and fossil species of the worlds termites is presented, along with reviews of Isoptera morphology and evolution, identification keys, the history of termite systematics, and summary of the worlds 363 significant pest species. A complete bibliography is provided of nearly 5000 references covering virtually all aspects of termite taxonomy and biology through December 2011.The morphology of Isoptera is thoroughly reviewed and illustrated with original scanning electron micrographs and photomicrographs, covering the cuticular anatomy and those internal organs that are taxonomically and phylogenetically significant, including several new character systems. Terminology is presented for the systems of tibial spines and spurs so as to establish homologs. Keys are presented to the nine living families of termites, and the world subfamilies and genera of Archotermopsidae, Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Mastotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, Stolotermitidae, and Stylotermitidae. A key to subfamilies of the Termitidae is included. A detailed morphological diagnosis for each family and subfamily is provided, along with images of exemplar species. The history of isopteran research in taxonomy, systematics, morphology, paleontology, and biology is reviewed from 1758 to the present, with emphasis on transformative workers such as Holmgren, Silvestri, Emerson, Roonwal, Noirot, and Sands. Evolution of the Isoptera is reviewed, including the diversity and natural history of genera and species in all Zoogeographic regions, major patterns in social biology, the phylogeny of Recent and fossil genera and families, and 135 million years of fossils preserved as compressions, mineralized replicas, and in amber. The definitive sister group to the Isoptera is the monogeneric family of wood roaches, Cryptocercidae (Cryptocercus), so the taxonomic ranks of the two groups are now Infraorder Isoptera and Infraorder Cryptocercoidea within Order Blattaria (roaches and termites).The compendium summarizes the taxonomic history, nomenclature, distribution, type locality, and repository, and all significant aspects of natural history and biology for each species of the world, exclusive of pest control and colony inquilines (termitophiles). The classification of Recent and fossil lower termites (all those exclusive of family Termitidae) used in the compendium is from Engel et al. (2009), which is based on morphology and largely congruent with molecular studies. Rhinotermitidae s.s. (exclusive of Stylotermitidae) may be paraphyletic with respect to Termitidae, although the six traditional subfamilies of the former are used here. A separate section summarizes the nomenclatural changes made in the compendium, including new synonymies, new combinations, status novus, lectotype selection etc. A detailed list is provided of museums and other institutional collections that house type specimens. An index is included. The Treatise is intended to provide an authoritative foundation for taxonomic work on the Isoptera, present and future.
Response to FESAC survey, non-fusion connections to Fusion Energy Sciences. Applications of the FES-supported beam and plasma simulation code, Warp

The Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee’s subcommittee on non-fusion applications (FESAC NFA) is conducting a survey to obtain information from the fusion community about non-fusion work that has resulted from their DOE-funded fusion research. The subcommittee has requested that members of the community describe recent developments connected to the activities of the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. Two questions in particular were posed by the subcommittee. This document contains the authors’ responses to those questions.
Analysis of Dynamic Performance of Supercritical 660MW Unit

It is introduced that the load rejection tests,using normal meter and dynamometer respectively, were carried out for two units made by SEC (Shanghai Electric Group Co.,Ltd.) in both Shandong Huangdao and Huadian Weifang Power Plants.The dynamic performance of the units is analyzed,indicating that the measure and precision can not only reach the advanced level,but also demonstrate the correctness of the per- formance and design parameter for the DEH control system in the first unit.
Agronomic changes of soybean cultivars released during 1950 to 2006 in Heilongjiang Province

To clarify the aim characteristics for soybean high-yield breeding,soybean cultivars released during 1950 to 2006 in Heilongjiang Province were used to investigate agronomic characteristics. The results show that there was significantly positive correlation between yield and year of cultivar release. The soybean yield increased by 1.27% per year. The number of pod and seed per plant also increased by 0.54% and 0.98% per year, respectively, while 100-seed weight didn't change with year of cultivar release. Over the more 50 years of genetic improvement, soybean height decreased by 14.0%, plant dry weight and harvest index increased by 25.8% and 35.1%, respectively. Resistances of lodging, diseases and pests of seed were improved as well. Furthermore, these characteristics were significantly related to yield and yield components. However, the crop growth rate and LAI (leaf area index) during the V3 (the third trifoliolate) to the R2 (the full bloom) stage had no linear relationship with year of cultivar release, and consequently, yield. It was suggested that plant dry weight, harvest index and lodging resistance are crucial for genetic yield improvement.
Rapid Determination of HIV-1 Mutant Frequencies and Mutation Spectra Using an mCherry/EGFP Dual-Reporter Viral Vector

The high mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) has been a pivotal factor in its evolutionary success as a human pathogen, driving the emergence of drug resistance, immune system escape, and invasion of distinct anatomical compartments. Extensive research has focused on understanding how various cellular and viral factors alter the rates and types of mutations produced during viral replication. Here, we describe a single-cycle dual-reporter vector assay that relies upon the detection of mutations that eliminate either expression of mCherry or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The reporter-based method can be used to efficiently quantify changes in mutant frequencies and mutation spectra that arise due to a variety of factors, including viral mutagens, drug resistance mutations, cellular physiology, and APOBEC3 proteins.
Cervical Cancer Screening: American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy Statement

Burden of suffering It is estimated that approximately 15,000 women will be diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of the cervix and 4,800 women will die from this disease in 1995. (1) Rates for carcinoma in situ peak between the ages of 20 and 30, and the incidence of invasive cervical cancer increases with age. (2) Twenty-five percent of all invasive cervical cancers occur in women over age 65. Any woman who has been sexually active is at risk for cervical cancer. (3) Additional risk factors include early onset of sexual intercourse, (4,5) history of multiple sexual partners, (5) history of sexually transmitted disease (especially HPV (6) and HIV(7)), smoking, (8) and never having been screened. (9)
Broadcast-Related Organizations and Information

This chapter provides a general overview of entities whose activities affect the work of broadcast engineers. It is divided into five categories:
1984: The Adam Smith Address was Adam Smith a Monetarist or a Keynesian?

Adam smith, let me start by saying, was a remarkable writer, person, and economist. He was in many ways the real founder of economics, starting our science off in resource allocation, income distribution and a host of similar aspects of microeconomics. Despite a number of interesting passages, such as that on debt, however, he was not distinguished as a macro-economist. The hagiography tends either to ignore his weakness in money and banking, as does Samuel Hollander in The Economics of Adam Smith, or to protest that he is much better on the balance of payments [9], or on monetary economics generally [20] than most observers are willing to allow. I yield to none in my admiration for The Wealth of Nations—and in fact recommend to students that they, like Bismarck’s tariff negotiator for Prussia under the Zollverein, Rudolph Von Delbruck, read the hallowed text each night for half an hour before retiring [8, vol. 1]. But it is helpful for Smith’s reputation as a human being to acknowledge that he, like the rest of us, from time to time made a mistake or overlooked a significant aspect of the economy of his day—even on the microeconomic side. I happened to elicit strong protests from two critics at the Glasgow celebration of the bicentenary of The Wealth of Nations when I suggested that Adam Smith was totally unaware of the technological changes taking place in the industrial revolution cooking around him [2, 12]. His other slips not recited in my chapter on that occasion include the remark that Dutch merchants are uneasy at being separated from their capital which is why they unload goods from East Prussia in Amsterdam to look at them before shipping them on to Italy—when the real reason was to repack the grain more carefully to prevent it from exploding from spontaneous combustion under the hot Mediterranean sun [28, Book IV, 422]; or the amateurish and quite unsupported sociology that ascribed French interest in life annuities and tontines to the “fact” that the farmers general (of tax collections and the like) who accumulate wealth are social upstarts, cut off from marrying into the upper classes and too proud to marry their lower-class equals, hence celibate and without heirs [28, Book V, 871–872].
Behind and Beyond Disaggregation by Sex: Forced Migration, Gender and the Place of Demography

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports the proportion of females among the 2015 global population of persons of concern as 49% of 63.9 million. Deviations from this overall proportion, in particular places and spaces, and at different times in processes of forced migration, provide the insight into the role of gender in forced migration and its demography. Issues of vulnerability, less often resilience, however, flow from these metrics. This paper engages the ways in which gender informs the understandings of the demography of forced migration. Cultural values and social norms concerning gender are significant determinants of relative risk and exposure in complex humanitarian emergencies and environmental crisis which result in human flight, displacement and the search for safe haven. Methodologies consistent with the mobilities paradigm offer particular insight and strategies in informing a gendered demography of forced migration. Failure to consider gender in the demography of forced migration weakens the relevance of demographic analysis for prevention of and response to complex humanitarian crises.
An Analysis of Career Tracks in the Design of IS Curricula in the U.S.

Studies of undergraduate curricula in the field of Information Systems (IS) over the past two decades demonstrate a continual process of development and change. Many factors influence curriculum design, including new technologies and methodologies, and emerging subfields and subject areas. However, one deficit in the literature about IS curriculum issues is the investigation of IS specializations, also referred to as career tracks. These career tracks allow graduates to present themselves to employers as proficient in a career area that is in demand. This study finds that 110 baccalaureate (or approximately 24.4%) of the IS programs in the 450 business schools in the United States offer a total of 304 career tracks. Of these programs, 80.9 percent offer between one and three tracks. The paper classifies career tracks into 11 categories. Analysis shows that although educators within the IS field have structured their career tracks in large part after recognizable IS subfields and areas of studies, track names within categories are not standardized, but instead contain various combinations of keywords. The naming variations that differentiate career tracks suggest that faculty members fashion track names to convey special meanings for their constituencies. The goal of this paper is to present a snapshot of IS career tracks to help IS programs review and revise their own curricula.
The Two Cultures of Academia and Policymaking

The development of theory about international relations by academic scholars and the use of this knowledge by practitioners in the conduct of foreign policy have been handicapped by the different cultures in which they have traditionally resided. Members of these two communities have been socialized in quite different professional and intellectual worlds. They generally define their interest in the subject of international relations differently. The policymaker is typically preoccupied with how best to promote the national interest of the United States. However, many scholars believe this to be too narrow an approach to international relations and choose to work with a set of values broader than those encompassed by conventional notions of the national interest. An additional obstacle to bridging the two cultures is the reluctance of some scholars, particularly when they disagree with the government’s foreign policies, to serve as ‘technicians’ for the state by providing specialized knowledge that may be ‘misused.’ Such scholars prefer the roles of critic and “unattached intellectual.”
Association of length of hospice enrollment with regional variation in end-of-life care expenditures.

10030Background: Marked regional variation exists in end-of-life (EOL) care intensity and expenditures. Hospice use is expected to reduce EOL care expenditures, but literature provided mixed result...
Modeling of acoustic pulse propagation and beamforming in forests

Acoustic pulse propagation through forests is important for many applications, including noise attenuation by stands of trees, and localization of sound sources. Due to the highly complicated distribution of trees in natural forests, it is appropriate to consider a forest as a continuous distribution of scatterers of various shapes and sizes. A propagation model based on radiative transfer theory under a modified Born approximation may be developed for this situation to describe both the coherent and diffuse sound propagation . The simple case of an impulse in an infinite homogeneous forest of diffuse scatterers is first considered, and then the effects of successively including non-diffuse scatterers, ground reflections in a forest of finite height, and, finally, a realistic forest model are analyzed. These theoretical findings are then compared with experimental results. Lastly, a numerical example describing the effect of a forest on a simple beamforming array is considered.Acoustic pulse propagation through forests is important for many applications, including noise attenuation by stands of trees, and localization of sound sources. Due to the highly complicated distribution of trees in natural forests, it is appropriate to consider a forest as a continuous distribution of scatterers of various shapes and sizes. A propagation model based on radiative transfer theory under a modified Born approximation may be developed for this situation to describe both the coherent and diffuse sound propagation . The simple case of an impulse in an infinite homogeneous forest of diffuse scatterers is first considered, and then the effects of successively including non-diffuse scatterers, ground reflections in a forest of finite height, and, finally, a realistic forest model are analyzed. These theoretical findings are then compared with experimental results. Lastly, a numerical example describing the effect of a forest on a simple beamforming array is considered.
A Neural Engine for Movie Recommendation System

There are numerous number of movies available over the world, all of those are not interesting and also impossible to watch for one user. That’s why, a recommendation system is very important for user to find out the suitable product quickly. On the other hand, a recommendation system gives the flexibility of efficient searching rather than manually. In this way, recommendation system plays a prominent role to user. In this study, we have developed a scheme for a movie recommendation system named neural engine-based recommendation system (NERS) for users. In our recommended approach (NERS), we have incorporated data contents about user’s interests via standard movie dataset, that helps us to make a neural engine called neural recommender (NR). We have used two sorts of data sets to make NR, one is general dataset associated with five different nature of data variables, and another one was based on user’s choice pattern, where some of the volunteer user contributes their efforts to create it. After combining both data sets, NR engine was applying a neural network (NN), that’s recognize user behavioral patterns and then forming a class database, where each class have constructed by using movie genres. In this way, we have initiated nine different grades of classes in the manner of various genres. Finally, two evaluation techniques were used to figure out the best solutions by selecting one or multiple class. For multiple classes, our system will combine information from selected classes and consider them as one for query purpose. At last, three estimators, mean squareerr or(MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE), were exploiting to demonstrates prediction accuracy of our NERS approach. And, the simulation results show that, our system achieved better performance compare to other methods.
Evaluation of Numerical Weather Model–Based Satellite Precipitation Adjustment in Tropical Mountainous Regions

AbstractThe study evaluated a numerical weather model (WRF)-based satellite precipitation adjustment technique with 81 heavy precipitation events that occurred in three tropical mountainous regions...
Holography in the United States, 1994

Holography seems to be doing rather well these days in the United States. Before elaborating, I divide holographic activity into various categories. There is, of course, holographic research, as carried out in universities, government laboratories, and in industry. Second, there is holography as a tool. Third, there is commercial holography. I offer my evaluation of all of these.
Accurate Robotic Pouring for Serving Drinks

Pouring is the second most frequently executed motion in cooking scenarios. In this work, we present our system of accurate pouring that generates the angular velocities of the source container using recurrent neural networks. We collected demonstrations of human pouring water. We made a physical system on which the velocities of the source container were generated at each time step and executed by a motor. We tested our system on pouring water from containers that are not used for training and achieved an error of as low as 4 milliliters. We also used the system to pour oil and syrup. The accuracy achieved with oil is slightly lower than but comparable with that of water.
Design of continuous bridle multiple-stump anchors

This paper presents a solution for a three-stump anchor system using a continuous bridle and assuming frictionless blocks. This solution is unique in that the location of the bridle block is not kn...
Conservation biological control: Past, present, and future

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses aspects of biological pest control. It was mainly the entomologists who developed the concept of biological pest control. There are different ways of controlling pests. Pests can be controlled mainly by two ways. First, by importing natural enemies that destroy pests and second, by conserving the natural enemies of the pests that are already there or are readily available. Both the methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Conservation biological control depends upon naturally occurring enemies of the pests. Conservation biological control system is more adapted to deal with their targets. This is a major advantage over importing natural enemies of the pests, which needs time to adapt to the environment. It is also said that crop protection specialists everywhere are facing the challenge to reduce the use of pesticide. Different methods are being adopted to reduce the use of pesticides. Adopting integrated pest management is one of the ways to reduce the dependence on excess usage of pesticides. The chapter illustrates that different scientific methods are being adopted and different scientific research programs are carried out to control insect pests.
A Follow-up Study of the Mowat Sensor's Applications, Frequency of Use, and Maintenance Reliability:

A survey was conducted of fifteen veterans who had been issued Mowat Sensors to determine applications, frequency of use, and device reliability. All subjects reported the aid to be helpful and con...
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Caribbean Patients With Adult T-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia at Two Affiliated New York City Hospitals.

PURPOSE Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL) is a rare and aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 infection, which occurs in areas of high prevalence, p...
Shame, Depression, and Social Melancholy

The pathologization of women’s depression covers over the social and institutional causes of that symptomology. Insofar as patriarchal values continue to devalue and debase women and mothers in ways that colonize psychic space, and depression becomes a cover for what I call ‘social melancholy.’ This is not the melancholy of traditional psychoanalysis, but a form of melancholy that results from oppression, domination, and the colonization of psychic space. Social melancholy differs from both Freud’s notion of melancholy in that it is the result of social factors that constitute the depressed subject as ashamed and lacking agency. Crucial to my analysis is a distinction between shame and guilt missing from traditional psychoanalytic accounts of melancholy and depression.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Associated COPD

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) was the first genetic risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) described. In the more than 50 years since its description, the disease continues to provide insights into more common forms of COPD. Although AATD is caused by a single genetic variant, the clinical manifestations of disease include panacinar emphysema, airway hyperresponsiveness, and bronchiectasis. With improved molecular understanding of the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and progression, new therapies in addition to intravenous augmentation therapy are on the horizon.
Esophageal hypercontractility is abolished by cholinergic blockade.

Background Esophageal hypercontractility (EHC) is considered a major esophageal motor disorder of unclear etiology. Different mechanisms have been proposed, including an imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory esophageal innervation. We hypothesized that patients with EHC suffer from cholinergic hyperactivity. Aim To interrogate the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in EHC by assessing the esophageal motor response to atropine (ATR) and cholecystokinin (CCK), respectively, in EHC patients. Method We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) with pharmacologic challenge in a tertiary referral center between 2007 and 2017. We identified 49 EHC patients who were categorized based on frequency of hypercontractile peristaltic sequence into "frequent" and "infrequent" and motility diagnosis groups. Deglutitive pressure metrics and esophageal motor responses to ATR (12 mcg/kg iv) and CCK (40 ng/kg iv) were analyzed across groups. Results Atropine abolished hypercontractility across all groups studied, converting nearly half of patients to a motor pattern of ineffective esophageal motility. Abnormal CCK responses primarily occurred in the patient groups with concomitant outflow obstruction. Conclusions Hypercontractility is cholinergically mediated in all esophageal motor disorders. Most patients with isolated EHC appear to have excessive cholinergic drive, rather than loss of inhibitory innervation, and might be candidates for treatment with anticholinergic agents.
WTO Blue-Green Blues: The Impact of U.S. Domestic Politics on Trade-Labor, Trade-Environment Linkages for the WTO's Future

Part I of this Article provides a brief overview of the dominant discourse on linkages, which focuses on whether World Trade Organization (“WTO”) rules should be modified (or interpreted) to permit trade restrictions on environmental and labor rights grounds. Those fully familiar with the competing conventional approaches to trade-environment and trade-labor debates may either skim Part I or move directly to Part II. Parts II through V examine the political economy of tradeenvironment and trade-labor policy, particularly in the United States. Part II addresses the politics of trade-environment agenda setting and the reasons why U.S. critics more likely direct their criticism at the WTO instead of environmental policy decisions made domestically. Part III turns to the trade-labor linkage, again assessing the domestic politics behind the predominant focus on trade restrictions. It examines the apparent paradox (at first blush) that the demand for binding WTO labor norms is strongest in the United States, which arguably offers the fewest labor and social protections in the developed world. Part IV briefly addresses what potentially could be accomplished multilaterally through better coordination of the roles of international trade, development, and other economic institutions. Part V concludes with a discussion of the nexus between U.S. domestic politics and the WTO’s future development. The links between U.S. domestic politics and international trade-environment/trade-labor policy help compose the WTO’s blue-green blues. WTO BLUE-GREEN BLUES: THE IMPACT OF U.S. DOMESTIC POLITICS ON TRADELABOR, TRADE-ENVIRONMENT LINKAGES FOR THE WTO'S FUTURE
Novo coronavírus e os impactos causados pelo isolamento social sobre praticantes de voleibol

A gravidade ocasionada pela pandemia do novo coronavirus fez com que governantes e organizacoes de saude se preocupassem em conter o avanco de contagio do virus em todo o mundo, assim o isolamento social foi adotado como medida para evitar a Covid-19. A pesquisa trata sobre os impactos causados pelo isolamento social sobre praticantes de voleibol. Envolvidos com o esporte por diferentes motivacoes, os praticantes de voleibol, ao suspenderem suas praticas, relataram prejuizos em aspectos ligados a qualidade de vida, saude mental e fisica. Durante o isolamento social, os esportistas passaram a valorizar mais ainda suas atividades no voleibol, sendo que estas refletem na realizacao pessoal e felicidade destes.
The regulation of ecdysteroid on insect growth and productive processes

Neurohormones,juvenile hormones( JH) and ecdysteroids play an essential role in the regulation of insect development and reproduction.In this paper,we review the function and regulating profile of ecdysteroids in insect growth and reproduction from three aspects:the process of ecdysteroid biosynthesis,the mode of action of 20E,and regulatory interplay between JH and 20E.
Adenosine deaminase negative pleural tuberculosis: a case report

Background A pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been used globally to assist in the diagnosis of a tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) with a notable negative predictive value. Case presentation We report a case of a patient with a negative pleural fluid ADA who was found to have culture-positive and biopsy-proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions This case shows the importance of pursuing gold standard diagnostic studies when clinical suspicion remains high despite negative preliminary testing. We further describe gaps in research to improve pleural fluid biomarkers for TPE.
Dynamics of breast milk antibody titer in the six months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract Background : While a growing body of literature describes antibody dynamics in serum, little is known about breast milk antibody titers in the months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objectives : We evaluated the dynamics of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in two women who were breastfeeding when infected. We assessed paired breast milk and serum samples for six months post-infection for antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Results : Starting at 10 days after symptom onset, IgA antibody levels were persistent over a 6-month time period in human milk. For both mothers, no detectable IgA was found in the samples collected pre-symptom onset. RBD-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in tandem serum collected from the two donors demonstrated stable IgG levels over the six-month time period post-symptom onset. Conclusions : We found that breastfeeding mothers produced a durable IgA response for up to six months following COVID-19 infection, suggesting an important role for breast milk in protection of infants.
Exploring the Limits of Second- and Third-Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theories for Noncovalent Interactions: Revisiting MP2.5 and Assessing the Importance of Regularization and Reference Orbitals.

This work systematically assesses the influence of reference orbitals, regularization, and scaling on the performance of second- and third-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory wave function methods for noncovalent interactions (NCIs). Testing on 19 data sets (A24, DS14, HB15, HSG, S22, X40, HW30, NC15, S66, AlkBind12, CO2Nitrogen16, HB49, Ionic43, TA13, XB18, Bauza30, CT20, XB51, and Orel26rad) covers a wide range of different NCIs including hydrogen bonding, dispersion, and halogen bonding. Inclusion of potential energy surfaces from different hydrogen bonds and dispersion-bound complexes gauges accuracy for nonequilibrium geometries. Fifteen methods are tested. In notation where nonstandard choices of orbitals are denoted as methods:orbitals, these are MP2, κ-MP2, SCS-MP2, OOMP2, κ-OOMP2, MP3, MP2.5, MP3:OOMP2, MP2.5:OOMP2, MP3:κ-OOMP2, MP2.5:κ-OOMP2, κ-MP3:κ-OOMP2, κ-MP2.5:κ-OOMP2, MP3:ωB97X-V, and MP2.5:ωB97X-V. Furthermore, we compare these methods to the ωB97M-V and B3LYP-D3 density functionals, as well as CCSD. We find that the κ-regularization (κ = 1.45 au was used throughout) improves the energetics in almost all data sets for both MP2 (in 17 out of 19 data sets) and OOMP2 (16 out of 19). The improvement is significant (e.g., the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for the S66 data set is 0.29 kcal/mol for κ-OOMP2 versus 0.67 kcal/mol for MP2) and for interactions between stable closed-shell molecules, not strongly dependent on the reference orbitals. Scaled MP3 (with a factor of 0.5) using κ-OOMP2 reference orbitals (MP2.5:κ-OOMP2) provides significantly more accurate results for NCIs across all data sets with noniterative O(N6) scaling (S66 data set RMSD: 0.10 kcal/mol). Across the entire data set of 356 points, the improvement over standard MP2.5 is approximately a factor of 2: RMSD for MP3:κ-OOMP2 is 0.25 vs 0.50 kcal/mol for MP2.5. The use of high-quality density functional reference orbitals (ωB97X-V) also significantly improves the results of MP2.5 for NCI over a Hartree-Fock orbital reference. All our assessments and conclusions are based on the use of the medium-sized aug-cc-pVTZ basis to yield results that are directly compared against complete basis set limit reference values.
Telemedicine trends at a comprehensive cancer center during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction This article reports on the effects of an early outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic on visit volume and telehealth use by various specialists at a comprehensive cancer center. Materials and methods The number of on-site and telehealth visits (THV) for medical and surgical specialties were obtained from scheduling software. Results Total visits were most drastically limited in April 2020 to a low point of 3139; THV made up 28% of all visits. For head and neck surgery, THV made up 54% and 30% of visits in April and May, respectively. Other specialties, such as psychiatry and palliative care, had higher levels of THV. For most specialties, the rebound in June through September did not make up for visits lost during the outbreak, and fiscal year (FY) 2020 had a 9% loss from FY 2019 with 5786 fewer total annual visits across all specialties. Conclusions While telemedicine was a helpful part of this cancer center's response to the initial COVID-19 surge, it was not able to replace the in-person services offered at the same center. The main strategy of physicians at this cancer center was to defer care, with telemedicine being an auxiliary response.