cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of methylene blue on the fracture toughness of acrylic bone cement

Abstract It has been advocated that the use of contrast acrylic bone cement (namely, a cement in which a suitable additive is included) for the fixation of a cemented arthroplasty will facilitate its revision (should this be necessary). It is useful, therefore, to determine the extent to which each of the relevant mechanical properties of the cement is affected by the presence of such an additive. It is shown, in the present work, that the addition of one contrast agent (an aqueous methylene blue solution) to a cement has no statistically significant effect on its mode-I plane-strain fracture toughness. This strengthens the case for the use of contrast cement for the aforementioned application. Biomaterials (1994) 15 , (12) 1024–1028
Long-term nutritional support as an adjunct to chemotherapy for breast cancer.

In recent years, the concept of nutritional support as a part of a comprehensive cancer management program has gained increasing acceptability. However, little data is available in regard to the effect of nutritional support programs on the chronic disease state represented by recurrent or persistent cancer that characterizes patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy.In 1977 we undertook to study this problem in a randomized prospective study designed to evaluate the effects of long-term (12 months) enteral nutritional support in a group of ambulatory breast cancer patients undergoining a standard cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment program, in an adjuvant or therapeutic setting.The results of this study suggest that patients with breast cancer are overweight as compared to the general population and that any significant change in initial body weight, either a gain or a loss, is associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease.Data are presented which show little or no correlation between standard para...
Bartlett Revisited: Reconfiguration of Long-Term Memory in Young and Older Adults

This study was performed after the tradition of F. C. Bartlett (1932), who demonstrated that memory reconfigures over time. The authors investigated the memory of young and older adults to examine the degree to which the aging process influences reconfigurative tendencies. From an initial sample of 53 participants, 20 young and 19 older adults completed 6 tests of recall for Bartlett's original text materials over an 84-day period. Consistent with the broad conclusions of Bartlett's study, reconfiguration was observed: Both young and older adults introduced errors into memory. Older adult recall was lower overall than that of young adults, and recall performance diminished over time. However, there was no difference between the performances of young and older adults with respect to incorrectly recalled intrusive elements.
Motion Planning in an Uncertain Environment: Application to an Unmanned Helicopter

In this work we present a methodology for intelligent motion planning in an uncertain environment using a non-local sensor, such as a radar. This methodology is applied to an unmanned helicopter navigating a cluttered urban environment. We show that the problem of motion planning in a uncertain environment, under certain assumptions, can be posed as the adaptive optimal control of an uncertain Markov decision process, characterized by a known, control dependent system, and an unknown, control independent environment. The strategy for motion planning then reduces to computing the control policy based on the current estimate of the environment, also known as the "certainty equivalence principle" in the adaptive control literature. Our methodology allows the inclusion of a non-local sensor into the problem formulation, which significantly accelerates the convergence of the estimation and planning algorithms. Further we show that the motion planning and estimation problems, as formulated in this paper possess special structure which can be exploited to significantly reduce the computational burden of the associated algorithms. We apply this methodology to the problem of motion planning for an unmanned helicopter in a partially known model of the Texas A&M campus.
Orienting of attention: Then and now

It is nearly 35 years since I gave the 7th Sir Frederick Bartlett lecture at Oxford University. This was published as a paper entitled “Orienting of attention in the quarterly journal”. The topic was then primarily in psychology, but now equally often in neuroscience. This paper summarizes the background of the reaction time methods used in the original paper and findings that emerged later on the sensory consequences of orienting, mainly in the visual system. It then discusses the brain network that is the source of the sensory amplification and other brain networks that are involved in attention. Next, it reviews studies of the development of attentional networks in early life. Finally, it indicates how the new tools available to explore the human brain can lead to further progress.
Multimodal Treatment for ADHD Among Youths in Three Medicaid Subgroups: Disabled, Foster Care, and Low Income

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the use of treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among three distinct subpopulations of Medicaid-insured youths who have very different mental health needs and patterns of service use: those with federally documented disability, those in foster care, and those in families with low income. METHODS: This one-year, cross-sectional study of community mental health services used administrative data. Individuals who were younger than 20 years, who were continuously enrolled in one Mid-Atlantic state Medicaid program, and who had two or more medical encounters associated with an ADHD diagnosis in 1998 were identified (N=1,296). Measures of the use of mental health services were the number of different classes of psychopharmacologic medications, the psychopharmacologic regimen, and the combined use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatments (multimodal treatment). RESULTS: Use of multiple psychopharmacologic agents was greater in the disabled and foster...
Problems in the use of anticancer drugs in the elderly.

The elderly represent a special challenge to the physician in providing effective cancer chemotherapy. Though they represent the majority of the patients who eventually will need such therapy, until recently little information was available on its use in this population.
Random walk-based graphical sampling in unbalanced heterogeneous bipartite social graphs

We investigate sampling techniques in unbalanced heterogeneous bipartite graphs (UHBGs), which have wide applications in real world web-scale social networks. We propose random walked-based link sampling and stratified sampling for UHBGs and show that they have advantages over generic random walk samplers. In addition, each sampler's node degree distribution parameter estimator statistic is analytically derived to be used as a quality indicator. In the experiments, we apply the two sampling techniques, with a baseline node sampling method, to both synthetic and real Facebook data. The experimental results show that random walk-based stratified sampler has significant advantage over node sampler and link sampler on UHBGs.
Chemical binding in silicate minerals Part I. Model for determining crystal-chemical properties

Abstract Relations between chemical bond type and configuration and expected physicochemical b ehavior of the silicates are outlined. It is suggested as a first approximation that the covalent bond energies, except for small differences, are independent of the silicate and other partially covalent mineral phases. Covalent and overlap repulsive energies may be largely omitted when deducing some stability relations of minerals. Combining Coulomb energies with appropriate corrections makes possible quantitative prediction of stability relations of minerals. Melting temperatures of spinel have been calculated from the binding energies. Agreement between calculated and observed melting points is exceptionally good when covalency, radius-ratio and coordination-effect corrections are made to the melting points determined from Coulomb binding energies. First results of energy calculations on an investigative level are very encouraging and efforts should be made to improve the quality of the approximations.
Some remarks on the mathematical bio-sociology of the relativity of injustice

The author's theory of the adoption of certain types of behavior patterns (Rashevsky, N., 1957, “Contributions to the Theory Initiative Behavior”.Bull. Maths. Biophysics,19, 91–119; 1968,Looking at History through Mathematics, Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press) consisting of elementary behaviors for each of which there is an opposite one and the two are mutually exclusive, is applied to describe the changes in the general type of behavior of a society. The elementary acts of which the whole problem consists may be either overt activities or beliefs or opinions. The general behavior patternsadopted by the society are considered as the “proper” or “just” ones. Any deviation from it in either one or more of the component elementary behaviors is considered as “unjust” and is subject to some punitive action. The total number of possible mutually exclusive behavior patterns is very large but finite. Within this very large range of possible patterns, we find that this notion of justice is relative, because changes from any behavior pattern to any other may occur. It is further shown that the amount of punishment for the deviation from the accepted pattern in order to be effective as well as efficient must be applied in different ways to different individuals even for the same transgression.
Distance-dependent electronic coupling at molecule-metal interfaces: C60/Cu(111)

We probe electronic interaction at molecular-solid/metal interfaces in the model system of C60/Cu(111) using femtosecond two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. The second lowest unoccupied m...
Evidence for the point of action of 2, 4-dinitrophenol on ATPase, ATP-32P exchange, ATP-AD32P exchange and phosphorylation.

Abstract The exchange of inorganic phosphate for the terminal phosphate of adenosine triphosphate, the exchange of adenosine diphosphate for this moiety of adenosine triphosphate, oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphatase in submitochondrial particles have been studied with respect to metal ion requirements, pH optima and to temperature in the presence and absence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. All four reactions exhibit similar metal ion requirements and pH optima. Inorganic phosphate exchange and oxidative phosphorylation appear to be the most temperature-dependent processes and the relationship of the effects of dinitrophenol to dinitrophenol concentration is also dependent on temperature. The similarities of requirements and characteristics of temperature dependence are interpreted on the basis of a reaction sequence associating all four reactions, with dinitrophenol influencing all four processes through activation of the breakdown of a non-phosphate-containing intermediate state of the enzyme complex.
Changes in RNA, protein, and translatable messenger RNA synthesis and accumulation during adventive organogenesis in somatic tissue cultures of Solanum carolinense

Abstract When stem segments of Solanum carolinense were cultured on medium containing benzyladenine, adventitious shoot initiation occurred in the external phloem and inner cortex of the explants. In contrast, stem segments maintained on medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced callus exclusively. Changes in the rate and pattern of RNA and protein synthesis and in translatable mRNA population were investigated during these different developmental pathways in vitro. Protein and RNA synthesis in both treatments were initiated within 2–4 h after culture; however, the rate of macromolecule synthesis was greater in organogenic cultures. Total soluble protein and protein labeled with [ 35 S]methionine were extracted from regenerating and non-regenerating cultures and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography. The results demonstrated that during adventive organogenesis many preexisting proteins increase and some are newly synthesized. Results from in vitro translation experiments showed that new translatable mRNAs corresponding to “organogenic polypeptides” are produced in regenerating explants within the first day of culture, well before there are any overt signs of differentiation. When explants that had lost their organogenic potential were subcultured onto regeneration medium, they retained a pattern of RNA and protein metabolism similar to that observed in non-organogenic cultures. It is concluded that changes in gene expression occur during adventive organogenesis in vitro, most probably at the transcriptional level.
WE-C-BRB-01: Dosimetric Changes Realized from Extended Bit-Depth and Metal Artifact Reduction in CT

Purpose: High‐Z material in CT yields metal artifacts that degrade image quality and may cause substantial errors in dose calculation. This study couples a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm with enhanced 16‐bit depth (vs. standard 12‐bit) to quantify potential dosimetric differences. Methods: Extended CT to electron density (CT‐ED) curves were derived from tissue characterization phantom with Titanium and Stainless Steel inserts scanned at 90–140 kVp for 12 and 16‐bit reconstructions. MAR was applied to sinogram data (Brilliance BigBore CT scanner, Philips Healthcare, v.3.5). Single/double hip prostheses were simulated using Cerrobend rod(s) embedded in a pelvic phantom and two dosimetric verifications were performed to elucidate changes between 12 and 16‐bit data: (1) BEAMnrc/Dosxyz Monte Carlo simulation (MC‐SIM) (400,000,0000 histories, 6×, 10×10 beam traversing Cerrobend rod) and (2) Gafchromic film analysis for plans calculated with Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA, Eclipse) and Monte Carlo (MC‐BL, Brainlab). Five patients with metal implants were reconstructed using both bit depths, with plans calculated using AAA and derived CT‐ED curves. Dose profiles and matrices were evaluated. Results: For 12‐bit images,Titanium and Stainless saturated at 3071 HU, while for 16‐bits (120kVp), mean CT numbers were 8088+/−336 and 13,971+/−1460 HU for Titanium and Stainless, respectively. MC‐SIM was well‐matched between 12 and 16‐bit images except downstream of metal, where 16‐bit dose was ∼6.4% greater than 12‐bit. In treatment planning phantom cases, dose profiles were well‐matched in the buildup region, but deviated in the shadow of metal where ∼12% differences between AAA 16‐bit and 12‐bit doses were observed. Similar results were obtained in patient cases. The largest discrepancy was at a tissue‐metal prosthetic interface, with 12‐bit dose yielding 23.8% less dose than 16‐bit. Conclusions: Dosimetric differences revealed between 12‐ and 16‐bit images were substantial. Further dosimetric verification is warranted. These results support implementing MAR‐corrected, 16‐bit images in treatment planning. This work supported in part by a grant from Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland . Titanium and Stainless Steel inserts were provided by Gammex Inc. in exchange for 16‐bit depth information.
Fat deposition in a double-muscled steer.

A homozygous double-muscled steer was full fed a high-energy ration for approximately 18 months to assess its potential for fat deposition. After slaughter, the carcass possessed modest quantities of intramuscular fat. The fat thickness at the 12th rib was 2·4 cm and the carcass contained about 3·5% kidney, heart and pelvic fat. The adipose tissue appeared physiologically normal, as its composition of total lipids and individual fatty acids was comparable to that published for non-DM market cattle. In addition, adipose cellularity was comparable to non-DM cattle of similar fatness and weight, indicating that at least some double-muscled cattle have a potential for adipose development comparable to non-double-muscled animals.
A CONCEPTUAL GUIDE TO FRIENDSHIP FORMATION

attraction, this paper suggests the relevant dependent variables and definitional elements in friendship states and presents a conceptual guide ro models of friendship formation. Two dimensions considered crucial for the friendship state are (1) commitment or loyalty which may be viewed as a continuum of resistance to dissolution of the relationship and (2) mutual desire to explore intra-individual behaviors as well as vital aspects of the relationship. Variables considered relevant to the second dimension include: (a) a tendency to accept .aspects of the negative self-concept of the other, (b) a willingness to risk selfdisclosure, (c) an attempt mutually to fulfill needs, and (d) a mutual modification of consrructs, attitudes, and values. Within the general area of interpersonal relations and group behavior, friendship formation focuses on select dynamics and antecedents of dyadic attraction. Importance of physical and social proximity is recognized. Four models are presented as all inclusive, but not mutually exclusive: (1) incremental, (2) shared stress, (3) perceived similarity, and (4) perceived need complementarity.
Child development services in Medicaid managed care organizations

Objective We explored the current state of developmental screens, child development services, mechanisms to fund screens and services, and incentives for adopting new services within managed care organizations serving Medicaid enrolees. Design National, cross-sectional mail survey. Sample/setting Survey of 388 Medicaid managed care organizations (MMCO) enrolling children in 1998–99. Results Most of the 155 plans that responded provided an array of developmental screenings and services, funded primarily through internal mechanisms or under Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) programs. Plan contacts expressed interest in implementing new services, particularly if additional funding was available. The most important motivators included requiring services in the Medicaid contract, enhanced capitation rates, and demonstration that providing child development services would reduce other utilization costs. Conclusions If state Medicaid agencies want to enhance the child development services available through health plans, they could initiate steps such as requiring child development services in contracts with plans or providers; revising EPSDT language and engaging in more consistent enforcement; and enhancing capitation rates. More research on effectiveness and benefits of specific developmental screens and services is needed.
In vitro dry powder inhaler formulation performance considerations

It has long been desired to match airflow conditions during formulation evaluation to those of relevance to lung deposition. In this context several strategies have been adopted involving sampling at different: flow rate (without consideration of flow conditions, e.g. shear, Reynolds number, work function); pressure drop (with and without consideration of flow conditions) and; flow rate and pressure drop. Performance testing has focused on the influence of these sampling conditions on delivered dose uniformity and aerodynamic particle size distribution. However, in order to be physiologically relevant it is also important to know when the drug was delivered with respect to initiation of airflow as variation in this parameter would influence lung deposition. A light obscuration method of detecting the dose delivered from a dry powder inhaler while sampling for aerodynamic particle size distributions (APSD) by inertial impaction has been developed. Four formulations of albuterol sulfate and budesonide in sieved and milled lactose, respectively, were dispersed and their rate of delivery monitored. The differences observed have the potential to impact the site of delivery in the lungs. The rate of delivery of drug is clearly an important companion measurement to delivered dose and APSD if the intent is to predict the similarity of in vivo performance of dry powder inhaler products.
Martingale Approach to Nonparametric Estimation of Lifetime Distribution under Different Censoring Mechanisms

Nonparametric estimation of lifetime distribution is a crucial issue in survival analysis. In this paper, we consider such estimation problem in a uniform martingale framework. The corresponding estimators when the observed data are subject to right censoring, random truncation, and missing-censoring are derived and the large-sample behavior of these estimators are studied by applying martingale theory.
A systematic study of mercuric iodide platelet growth in horizontal furnaces

Growth of mercuric iodide platelets in horizontal furnaces with the addition of polyethylene powder has been analyzed with a 2 3 full factorial analysis. The factors investigated were the temperature gradient between the zones, the source/hot zone temperature, and the amount of polyethylene powder. The crystallization zone length was chosen as the observable. Normal probability and Lenth’s plots were used to analyze the effects. Both plots show that the temperature gradient is an active effect.
Application of Superconducting Magnetometry in the Study of Aircraft Aluminum Alloy Corrosion

Abstract The magnetic field distributions normal to surfaces undergoing three different types of in-situ active corrosion were measured noninvasively by magnetometry using a superconducting quantum...
Comment on: confidence limits for the ratio of two rates based on likelihood scores: non-iterative method.

Graham, Mengersen and Morton studied the performance of three non-iterative con dence intervals for the ratio of two Poisson rates with respect to coverage probability. They are namely the Jaech’s interval, the score-based interval, and the Wald-based interval. The purpose of this letter is to point out that the aforementioned intervals are respectively identical to the square-root transformation interval (SR), the interval based on converting the Wilson’s interval for binomial parameter (B2), and the log-linear model Wald’s interval (LW) which were previously studied by Price and Bonett [1] in terms of mean coverage probability (MCP), mean width (MW), root mean squared error probability coverage about the nominal level (RMSE), and the proportion of the coverages that fell below the nominal level (PB). Most importantly, we would like to report in this letter some other observations than those reported by Graham et al. when other evaluation measures are considered in our coverage properties studies. Let X0 and X1 be two independent Poisson variables with parameters 0 and 1, and amount of time or space sampled as the sample e ort n0 and n1, respectively. Let zq be the upper qth percentile of the standard normal distribution. We rst brie y review some 100(1 − ) per cent non-iterative con dence interval (CI) estimators, denoted as [ L; U], for the ratio = n0 1=(n1 0).
Obesity trends and perinatal outcomes in black and white teenagers.

Objective Our objective was to explore the trends in prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) for black and white teenagers over time and the association between elevated BMI and outcomes based on race. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton infants (n = 38,158) born to black (34%) and white (66%) teenagers ( Results The percentage of white teenagers with elevated prepregnancy BMI increased significantly from 17-26%. White and black overweight and obese teenagers were more likely to have pregnancy-related hypertension than normal-weight teenagers; postpartum hemorrhage was increased only in obese black teenagers, and infant complications were increased only in overweight and obese white teenagers. Conclusion Because the percentage of elevated prepregnancy BMI has increased in white teenagers, specific risks for poor maternal and perinatal outcomes in the overweight and obese teenagers varies by race.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NONVERBAL SENSITIVITIES AND DETECTION OF DECEPTION

Subjects took a test of skill at interpreting nonverbal communication, the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS), and a videotaped test of ability to distinguish between truthful and deceptive statements. It was hypothesized that skill at reading the types of nonverbal cues known to indicate deception, i.e., body movement, paralinguistics, would be related to actual accuracy at detection of deception. Correlations between 23 PONS scales and 3 deception measures were generally nonsignificant, suggesting that accurate detection of deception may not be merely a function of sensitivity to nonverbal cues.
The national school of administration: training for the higher levels of the French civil service

The National School of Administration (Ecole Nationale d' Administration or ENA) in France is a unique graduate school whose program emphasizes applied problem solving and lngically corrects blutions. While this practical progrem (programme d' application) does not result in the award of degrees, it can stitutes the sole avenue of entry in to Iesponsible generalist administrative positions of the, French civil service.
Use of pKa Differences To Enhance the Formation of Base Triplets Involving C−G and G−C Base Pairs

Two C-nucleosides are employed for the recognition of dC-dG base pairs. Both derivatives are related to dC but lack the O2-carbonyl. The absence of the carbonyl should eliminate any unfavorable steric interactions at this site. One of the derivatives contains a 2-aminopyridine heterocycle (d2APy) while the second contains a 2-aminopyrimidine heterocycle (d2APm). The former with a pKa of 6.8 functions better for the recognition of dG-dC base pairs than it does in the binding to dC-dG base pairs. The d2APm derivative with a pKa of 3.3 functions better to form base triplets with dC-dG base pairs than with dG-dC targets. Triplex Tm's in both cases are compared with the sequence containing the native dC residue. The dC analogues appear to make two hydrogen bonds to a target dG base residue, one of which requires protonation of the ring nitrogen. Recognition of a target dC residue appears to require the formation of a single hydrogen bond to the C-nucleoside and having that nitrogen largely in the unprotonated ...
Regulation of wound healing and fibrosis by hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1

Wound healing is a complex multi-step process that requires spatial and temporal orchestration of cellular and non-cellular components. Hypoxia is one of the prominent microenvironmental factors in tissue injury and wound healing. Hypoxic responses, mainly mediated by a master transcription factor of oxygen homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), have been shown to be critically involved in virtually all processes of wound healing and remodeling. Yet, mechanisms underlying hypoxic regulation of wound healing are still poorly understood. Better understanding of how the wound healing process is regulated by the hypoxic microenvironment and HIF-1 signaling pathway will provide insight into the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for impaired wound healing conditions such as diabetic wound and fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss recent studies illuminating the roles of HIF-1 in physiologic and pathologic wound repair and further, the therapeutic potentials of HIF-1 stabilization or inhibition.
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in adolescence: Critical assessment parameters

Abstract The nature of Attention Deficit—Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its behavioral correlates in adolescence are briefly described. An assessment protocol for evaluating this disorder among teenagers is proposed, including parent and adolescent interviews, rating scales (completed by parent, teachers, and teenagers), laboratory tasks, and direct observation techniques. The advantages and limitations of each of these are delineated to explicate the inherent complexities encountered when evaluating ADHD in adolescents. Multiple methods obtained across sources, caregivers, and settings are recommended for use in assessing ADHD with the adolescent population.
Evaluation of the Fort Bragg managed care experiment

On the plus side, this study is a step forward. With a very specific population, it demonstrates that, with a moderate increase in communitybased services, fewer children need to be removed from their families and sent to residential treatment centers and psychiatric hospitals. On the other hand, it is only a step and, until we conduct more controlled, comparison studies in non-military communities and employ a more extensive array of innovative, community-based services, we run the risk of returning to a service delivery system that has proven to be so ineffectual in the past.
Synthesis and high Li-ion conductivity of Ga-stabilized cubic Li7La3Zr2O12

Abstract Ga addition to the garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) can lead to stabilization of the cubic structure, high relative density and high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature. Cubic Li 6.25 La 3 Zr 2 Ga 0.25 O 12 powders were prepared from co-precipitated nitrate precursor and consolidated by hot-pressing to a relative density of ∼91%. The total Li-ion conductivity was ∼3.5 × 10 −4 Scm −1 while the electronic conductivity was ∼7.1 × 10 −8 Scm −1 . The Ga substituted LLZO had a slightly higher total Li-ion conductivity compared to Al substituted LLZO of similar composition and relative density. This difference may be related to the larger size of Ga versus Al leading to different site occupancy fractions.
Protecting and Connecting: Separation, Connection, and the U.S. Dairy Economy 1840–2002

Over the last century and a half, urban consumers of fluid milk in the U.S. have often mistrusted the sources of their milk. This paper traces the history of these feelings of risk and the reactions to them, using milk as an entry point into the food safety discussions of the times. There are two conflicting manners in which risk was addressed. In the first, milk production is increasingly separated from the consumer, both geographically and emotionally, through health regulations, increasingly complex production, transportation, and sanitary technology, and industry consolidation. In the second, feelings of mistrust and risk are responded to through policies and marketing strategies that attempt to forge feelings of connection between consumers and particular producers and lessen the emotional distance between city and country. While these two techniques often seemed contradictory, many movements within the dairy industry attempted to balance the two.
Characterization of fresh and landfilled cement kiln dust for reuse in construction applications

Abstract Significant quantities of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of the cement manufacturing process, are generated every year in the US. Despite improvements in kiln operations and efforts that have gone into finding reuse applications, considerable amounts of CKD continue to require disposal through stockpiling or landfilling every year. Due to the variability in the chemical and physical properties of cement kiln dust, its utilization in construction has been to this day quite limited. In addition, the work performed so far has been for the greatest part focused on freshly generated CKD, while the issue of reusing stockpiled or landfilled material remains mostly unexplored. The paper presents the preliminary work performed to characterize both the freshly generated CKD produced by a US plant as well as the material sampled from the adjacent landfill facility. At this disposal site, more than 400,000 tons of CKD have been accumulated over a period of 12 years. The results of the characterization tests are compared to an extensive database collated from the literature and are used to discuss potential applications being considered for both fresh and landfilled CKD.
Physicochemical characterization of fullerenol and fullerenol synthesis by-products prepared in alkaline media

This investigation examined the physicochemical characteristics of a fullerene derivative, fullerenol [C60H z O x (OH) y ] (also known as “polyhydroxyl fullerene”) prepared in alkaline media, and its synthesis by-products to enable the assessment of mechanisms and factors influencing biological response. Physicochemical analyses included characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron scattering (TEM), surface charge assessment through electrophoretic analysis of mobility, and chemical composition analysis using ultraviolet/visible light, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fullerenol was shown to exist in a molecular state at concentrations below 20 mg/L with agglomeration occur as gas concentration increased; sonication of fullerenol samples at multiple concentrations increased agglomeration. Fullerenol surface group composition varied between three independent synthesis events with the number of total derivatized carbon atoms ranging from 21 to 30 and the number of mono-oxygenated groups ranging from 5 to 20. Surface group configuration was influenced by the acidity of the solution in which it was synthesized, as determined through FTIR. By-products from fullerenol synthesis contained 17 to 30 surface groups and synthesis reactants tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were found to be present in all by-products. By-products generated from methanol rinses were shown to contain 21 mono-oxygenated groups with no di-oxygenated moieties, the only sample encountered during investigations of fullerene-based materials containing no di-oxygenated surface groups.
Inside the mind of a Global CEO: an interview with Caterpillar CEO Douglas R. Oberhleman

This special issue of strategies for emerging markets starts with a powerful interview with the CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Caterpillar. Caterpillar is viewed by many analysts as a barometer of the health of the global economy. This interview, which was conducted with CEO Oberhelman, provides insights into how emerging markets may develop in the future. His responses are important because he can tell us how to do business in fully developing markets (e.g., BRIC) and also in developing markets of the future. He discusses not only what markets are emerging but also, more importantly, how and why firms should conduct business in these emerging markets. The person who conducted the interview was Michael Pettus, an Associate Professor of Management at the Tabor School of Business at the Millikin University.
A New Class of Nonlinear Finite-Volume Methods for Vlasov Simulation

Methods for the numerical discretization of the Vlasov equation should efficiently use the phase-space discretization and should introduce only enough numerical dissipation to promote stability and control oscillations. A new high-order nonlinear finite-volume algorithm for the Vlasov equation that discretely conserves particle number and controls oscillations is presented. The method is fourth order in space and time in well-resolved regions but smoothly reduces to a third-order upwind scheme as features become poorly resolved. The new scheme is applied to several standard problems for the Vlasov-Poisson system, and the results are compared with those from other finite-volume approaches, including an artificial viscosity scheme and the piecewise parabolic method. It is shown that the new scheme is able to control oscillations while preserving a higher degree of fidelity of the solution than the other approaches.
Residues of Carbaryl and Two of Its Metabolites in Eggs of Laying Hens Treated with Sevin® for Northern Fowl Mite Control by Dipping

White Leghorn laying hens were treated with carbaryl [Sevin, 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate] by dipping in a .5 or 1.0% (active ingredient) water suspension of an 80% commercially available wettable powder formulation. Residues of carbaryl and two of its metabolites, 1-naphthol and N-hydroxymethyl carbaryl, were detected in eggs within 1 day and reached maximum levels 5 to 7 days after dipping. After that time residues steadily declined but were still detectable 56 days posttreatment in the eggs of the high-dose hens. At no time during the study did total residues in eggs exceed the current .5 ppm egg tolerance for carbaryl and its metabolites.
T Cell-Depleted Stem Cell Transplantation for Adults with High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Long-Term Survival for Patients in First Complete Remission with a Decreased Risk of Graft-versus-Host Disease

Abstract Consolidation with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) provides a survival benefit to patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have previously reported comparable survival and relapse rates after T cell–depleted (TCD) allo-HSCT compared with unmodified transplantations for acute myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma with significantly decreased graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We performed a 56-patient retrospective study to evaluate TCD allo-HSCT for the treatment of ALL after myeloablative total body irradiation–based therapy. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates for patients with ALL after TCD allo-HSCT were 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.52) and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.19-0.44), respectively, and the 2-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 0.38 (95% CI, 0.25-0.50) and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.20-0.44). There was a trend toward improved survival of patients who underwent TCD allo-HSCT in first complete remission compared with those who did so in other remission states. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD at 1 year was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.10-0.31), and no patients developed grade IV acute GVHD. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD in 41 evaluable patients at 2 and 5 years was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.04-0.26), and that of extensive chronic GVHD at 2 and 5 years was 0.05 (95% CI, 0-11.6). We demonstrate OS and DFS rates that compare favorably to unmodified allo-HSCT with lower rates of GVHD.
To pluck or not to pluck: scientific methodologies should be carefully chosen, not ‘one size fits all’

McDonald and Griffith (2011) raise important points in their critique of reliance on feathers as a source of DNA for scientific research. Although those authors are right about many details, their one-size-fits all approach (i.e. prescribing blood draws for avian DNA analyses) obscures bigger picture issues that are of extraordinary relevance to avian biology. We introduce four points to provide alternative perspectives on their commentary. In particular, we feel that a) scientific goals should determine methodologies; b) stress to animals is context specific and blood sampling is not always less stressful to birds than feather plucking; c) feather DNA is too valuable to be ignored, especially when coupled with other analyses that require feathers; and d) logistical and other concerns often preclude blood sampling. A one size fits all approach to science is generally short-sighted, be it in regard to the collection of genetic or other samples from birds, or to a suite of other research problems.
Ultrastructure and Stereology of Leukocytes and Platelets of Normal Foxes and a Fox with a Chediak-Higashi-like Syndrome

Peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets from five normal foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and a fox with phenotypical characteristics of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) were examined by electron microscopy. Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets from the affected fox contained giant membrane-bound granules that resembled lysosomes. In eosinophils and neutrophils from the affected fox and a normal fox, relative cell volume occupied by granules and number of granules per unit area were calculated. Relative cell volume occupied by granules was the same in both foxes, but there were significantly fewer granules per unit area in the affected fox. This result is consistent with the idea that the giant granules arose from fusion of pre-existing, normal-sized granules, as occurs in CHS. In platelets from the affected fox, no osmiophilic granules were seen. Our findings agree with those from studies of CHS-affected blood cells in other species.
Effect of lactose content and milking interval on mammary blood flow.

Abstract Eighteen primiparous mice in their 6th to 9th day of lactation were randomly divided into groups of six. Each group was assigned to one of the three milking intervals, .25, 4, and 12h. Blood flow was measured simultaneously in right and left abdominal mammary glands by Sapirstein's indicator fractionation technique with sodium 24 chloride as the indicator. Lactose was extracted from the same tissue and quantified by gas chromatography. Up to 4h, mammary blood flow was inversely related to the amount of milk accumulated in mammary gland. Around 4h blood flow started to level off and somewhere between 4 and 12h reached a maintenance rate. Rate of lactose synthesis was markedly reduced in this period. The relationship between mammary blood flow (Y) and lactose content (X) in the tissue was curvilinear, Y=4.43 − .83X + .06X 2 (correlation – .83).
Microtribodynamics of pseudo-contacting head-disk interfaces intended for 1 Tbit/in/sup 2/

As the distance between the magnetic recording slider and the high-speed rotating disk decreases to few nanometers, it is critical to understand the tribological and dynamic interaction at the head-disk interface (HDI). Such interaction involves surface topography, adhesion, friction, and system dynamic coupling and is termed microtribodynamics. A two degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model that includes realistic roughness, adhesion, and friction, as well as the dynamics of a flying and contacting HDI was developed to characterize a pseudo-contacting HDI, intended for 1 Tbit/in/sup 2/. While a fully flying HDI is intended to avoid contact, a pseudo-contact recording system is designed to fly at few nanometers using an air-bearing and at the same time some features of the air-bearing surface are designed to contact with the rotating disk during operation. The model was favorably compared with flyability measurements, and then applied to a pseudo-contacting interface to investigate adhesion, friction, and contact forces as well as bouncing vibration. Contrasting earlier studies adopting a simple Coulomb friction, the friction model used in this work calculates the friction force at the interface, accounting for roughness and adhesion. It was found that unlike a fully flying HDI, adhesion plays a positive role in attaining pseudo-contact recording by reducing bouncing vibrations.
Novel route towards large scale synthesis of bright, water dispersible core-shell fluorescent dye doped organosilicate nanoparticles

Development of stable, biocompatible and ultra-bright fluorescence agents can lead to highly sensitive and non-invasive tools to locate and monitor biological targets within complex systems, including the human body. The motivation of this research is to have an easily scalable method of synthesizing fluorescent dye doped core-shell organosilicate nanoparticles with excellent size uniformity and water dispersibility. Here, we report on the synthesis of such nanoparticles essentially through all wet chemical processes, combining the approach of polymer collapse to first synthesize the fluorescent cores followed by the well-known Stober's process to grow conformal silica shells over nanoparticle cores. Such a core-shell approach is expected to significantly reduce dye leakage from the nanoparticles over long term storage thereby improving the reliability and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized to be within 15-20 nm size range and exhibited excellent long term stability when dispersed in aqueous solutions. Further, because of the small size of these nanoparticles, these nanoparticles were effectively internalized by biological cells through electroporation techniques.
Mathematical Model for Assimilation and Contrast in Perception of Extent

A mathematical model for assimilation and contrast in the perception of extent is presented, and predictions generated from the model are empirically tested. Implications of the model for the Muller-Lyer illusion are dealt with explicitly, and implications of the model for the Delboeuf, Ebbinghaus, and other illusions of extent are discussed in general terms.
Abstract 558: Mutational heterogeneity related to neoadjuvant therapy response in muscle invasive urothelial cell carcinoma revealed by whole-exome sequencing

Twenty five to thirty-five percent of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) patients either present with or develop muscle-invasive disease (MIUCC). Cisplatin-eligible MIUCC patients is treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy followed by radical cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. In spite of this approach, the incidence of systemic relapse of MIUCC is high with only 50% of patients remaining alive and disease free at 5 years. Therapies targeted at altered genetic pathways have proven efficacy in different localized solid tumors. However, no such targeted therapies have proven clinical benefit in MIUCC. This may partially due to comparatively few genetic characterizations or no characterization of neoadjuvant therapy sensitive (NAS) and neoadjuvant therapy resistant (NAR) MIUCC patient9s samples. So, we attempted to define molecular signatures of NAR and NAS MIUCC samples to identify differential mutational events that could predict therapy response and may eventually use for targeted therapy. To this end, we performed whole exome sequencing of three pairs of urothelial cell carcinomas and matched normal tissues. One patient was neoadjuvant therapy responder (NAS) and the other two were non-responders (NAR). Using these pilot data, candidate tumor-specific mutations in NAS and NAR were extracted. Initially we determined tumor specific mutations in MIUCC. The numbers of identified tumor-specific mutated genes in each of the 3 samples were 127, 57 and 68 respectively. Only two genes (FAM75A3 and GOLGA6L10) were detected as common tumor-specific mutations in all three tissue sets. Eight genes (TP53, CUL1, CENPC1, IGSF10, OR2AG2, ZNF93, LRRFIP1 and CRIPAK) were detected as candidate non responder-specific mutations in both of the NAR samples but not in the NAS samples. In conclusion, genome-wide mutation analysis of coding genes successfully revealed candidate lists of novel tumor-specific gene mutations in MIUCC and neoadjuvant therapy response specific gene mutations that were not reported previously. Further studies in extended set of NAS and NAR samples and technical validation are in progress to well define the molecules that are related to neoadjuvant therapy response. Functional studies of the selected molecules will be undertaken to understand the molecular basis of these genes to modulate neoadjuvant therapy response. Citation Format: Masamichi Hayashi, Enrico Munari, Christina Michailidi, Mariana Brait, Mark Schoenberg, Trinity Bivalacqua, George Netto, Wayne Koch, David Sidransky, Mohammad O. Hoque. Mutational heterogeneity related to neoadjuvant therapy response in muscle invasive urothelial cell carcinoma revealed by whole-exome sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 558. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-558
Depression in anorexia nervosa

In three collaborating institutions 105 hospitalized female anorexia nervosa patients were assessed for depressive symptomatology periodically during treatment. As a whole, patients were mildly to moderately depressed, being as depressed as anxious neurotics and less depressed than depressed neurotics. The more depressed patients showed a variety of characteristics, many of which have previously been shown to be indicators of poor prognosis. Over the course of treatment patients became less depressed. Weight gain was correlated with a decrease in depression.