cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PEP II status and plans

The PEP II B-Factory project is an e/sup +/e/sup -/ colliding beam storage ring complex to be built on the SLAC site. PEP II is designed to provide a luminosity of 3/spl times/10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ at a center of mass of 10.6 GeV with unequal energy beams of 3.1 and 9.0 GeV. The goal is to study CP violation in the B meson system. The project is being built by a collaboration of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. DOE construction authorization was given in 1994. The asymmetric beam energies require two storage rings with the low energy ring (LER) supported above the high energy ring (HER). There will be one interaction point with head-on collisions, requiring magnetic separation of the beams, low values of the beta functions, and magnetic elements inside the solenoid of the BABAR physics detector. The high luminosity necessitates a large number of bunches requiring advances in the vacuum design, damped RF cavities, and bunch-by-bunch feedback systems. The injection scheme uses the high current, low emittance, on-energy beams available from the SLAC linac. At present, the old PEP tunnel has been cleared and installation of the high energy ring has started.
Individual and Group Electronic Brainstorming in an Industrial Setting.

An experiment was conducted comparing the effectiveness of individual versus group electronic brainstorming in addressing real-world 'wickedly difficult' challenges. Previous laboratory research has engaged small groups of students in answering questions irrelevant to an industrial setting. The current experiment extended this research to larger, real-world employee groups engaged in addressing organization-relevant challenges. Within the present experiment, the data demonstrated that individuals performed at least as well as groups in terms of number of ideas produced and significantly (p < .02) outperformed groups in terms of the quality of those ideas (as measured along the dimensions of originality, feasibility, and effectiveness).
Producing Precarity: The Temporary Staffing Agency in the Labor Market

On the basis of fieldwork in a temporary staffing agency (TSA), I argue that while temp agencies may provide transitional mobility for jobseekers, in the long run the TSA systematically exploits and reproduces structural vulnerability in the labor market. The agency creates a core of permanent temporary workers separate from the periphery of surplus workers, such that the former is given priority in job allocation. The staffing agency can use alliances with institutions such as private correctional facilities to control its peripheral workers. At the same time, highly valued core workers also face precarious conditions when they are barred from job mobility and their wages are capped. The agency further reinforces precariousness during the moment of work by extending the agency’s surveillance to client sites.
The Analysis of Composition Operators on LP and the Hopf Decomposition

Abstract Let (X, ∑, μ) be a σ-finite measure space and τ: X → X a measurable transformation. We give an explicit isometric isomorphism between the weighted composition operator induced by a purely dissipative transformation τ and an operator weighted shift. We use this to construct examples of subnormal w.c.o.'s. We show that if a conservative transformation τ is nonsingular, or even if the Radon-Nikodym derivative h = dμ∘ τ −1 dμ is τ−1∑ measurable, then the composition operator induced by τ on L2 is hyponormal precisely when h is τ-invariant. Combined with the invariance of the conservative and dissipative parts from the Hopf decomposition the analysis of Cτ for non-singular τ is simplified. Finally we show that weighted composition operators whose weights are multiplicative coboundaries are isometrically isomorphic to the composition operator induced by the same transformation on the same space with an equivalent measure. This simplifies the analysis of certain examples.
Gesture Gives a Hand to Language and Learning: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Psychology and Education

People of all ages, cultures and backgrounds gesture when they speak. These hand movements are so natural and pervasive that researchers across many fields – from linguistics to psychology to neuroscience – have claimed that the two modalities form an integrated system of meaning during language production and comprehension. This special relationship has implications for a variety of research and applied domains. Gestures may provide unique insights into language and cognitive development, and also help clinicians identify, understand and even treat developmental disorders in childhood. In addition, research in education suggests that teachers can use gesture to become even more effective in several fundamental aspects of their profession, including communication, assessment of student knowledge, and the ability to instill a profound understanding of abstract concepts in traditionally difficult domains such as language and mathematics. This work converging from multiple perspectives will push researchers and practitioners alike to view hand gestures in a new and constructive way.
Low temperature processed ZnO thin film transistors fabricated by plasma assisted atomic layer deposition

In this study, we fabricated TFTs using ZnO thin film as the channel layer and Al 2 O 3 as the gate insulator deposited by plasma assisted ALD (PA-ALD) for low-temperature fabrication process. The PA-ALD ZnO TFTs with PA-ALD AL 2 O 3 gate insulator exhibit the excellent TFT device performances without annealing. Through this study, we found that the residual carrier concentration is reduced and the high performance ZnO TFTs are possible to obtain by using PA-ALD at low temperature.
Engaging Families Through School/Family Partnerships

Collaborating with families is a critical component of population-based or systems-based strategies to enhance positive social/emotional outcomes for students (Christenson, Whitehouse, & VanGetson, 2007). Family process variables predict student achievement better than family status (Christenson, 2002). Building trust with families, responding to parents’ need for information, and providing resources are essential for meeting the mental health needs of students. Student/family systems and school systems must interact together as partners to get the outcomes that everyone wants for the children they serve. Christenson and Sheridan (2001) coined the ideal as “partnering” with parents. The concept is also referred to as home–school collaboration or parent–school engagement. The goal is that schools will reach out to parents bringing them into a partnership with schools to work together for children. In the case of mental health, the mutual goals involve to support and facilitate social, emotional, and behavioral development of students.
Proposal and physics of AlInN-delta-GaN quantum well ultraviolet lasers

The use of AlInN-delta-GaN quantum wells (QWs) active region for ultraviolet (UV) laser with wavelength (λ) ∼ 250–300 nm was proposed and investigated in this work. The design of active region consists of 24 A staggered Al0.91In0.09N/Al0.82In0.18N layers with a 3 A lattice-matched GaN delta layer, which enables dominant conduction band (C) to heavy hole (HH) subband transition. In addition, the insertion of the ultra-thin delta GaN layer will strongly localize the electron-hole wave functions toward the center of the QW, which leads to large transverse electric (TE) polarized optical gain. In comparison to the use of a conventional AlGaN QW system, the proposed AlInN-delta-GaN QW structure results in ∼3 times improvement in TE-gain at 255 nm. By tuning the delta-GaN thickness, the TE-polarized optical gain up to 3700 cm−1 can be obtained for λ ∼ 280–300 nm, which is very promising to serve as an alternative active region for high-efficiency UV lasers.
Rotational Analysis of Spherical, Optically Anisotropic Janus Particles by Dynamic Microscopy.

We analyze the rotational dynamics of spherical colloidal Janus particles made from silica (SiO2) with a hemispherical gold/palladium (Au/Pd) cap. Since the refractive index difference between the surrounding fluid and a two-faced, optically anisotropic Janus microsphere is a function of the particle’s orientation, it is possible to observe its rotational dynamics with bright-field optical microscopy. We investigate rotational diffusion and constant rotation of single Janus microspheres which are partially tethered to a solid surface so they are free to rotate but show little or no translational motion. Also, since the metal cap is a powerful catalyst in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, the particles can be activated chemically. In this case, we analyze the motion of coupled Janus dimers which undergo a stable rotary motion about a mutual center. The analysis of both experimental and simulation data, which are microscopy and computer-generated videos, respectively, is based upon individual partic...
A Method of Attaching Skin and Skull Specimens

The wildlife management program was initiated at The Pennsylvania State University in 1938. We were cramped for space and had little storage room. As time went on we began to build up a teaching collection of bird and mammal skins.. The collection now has over 2,500 bird skins and nearly 800 mammal skins. In order not to lose skulls belonging to the museum skins, the writer devised …
Renouvellement des compétences à Framatome ANP : quelle dynamique à l'oeuvre ? Le personnel d'intervention

Dans un contexte de fin de construction neuve, de technologies tres differenciees d'un palier a l'autre, de recherche de competitivite du nucleaire et de depart en retraite des premiers intervenants en maintenance, Framatome ANP a du adapter le processus d'acquisition de competence de son personnel intervenant en maintenance.Ce processus s'appuie sur un recrutement de bons potentiels des partenariats avec des universites des formations metiers et formations tres specialisees dans Framatome, un apprentissage adapte (tutorat, compagnonnage...), et des sensibilisations nouvelles (telles que Facteur Humain).Bien que nous ayons appris a nous passer de la construction neuve pour acquerir les competences, les chantiers EPR (Finlande des aujourd'hui) seront non seulement bienvenus pour cette acquisition de competences, mais egalement une source tres importante de motivation pour nos personnels.
Block-parallel data analysis with DIY2

DIY2 is a programming model and runtime for block-parallel analytics on distributed-memory machines. Its main abstraction is block-structured data parallelism: data are decomposed into blocks; blocks are assigned to processing elements (processes or threads); computation is described as iterations over these blocks, and communication between blocks is defined by reusable patterns. By expressing computation in this general form, the DIY2 runtime is free to optimize the movement of blocks between slow and fast memories (disk and flash vs. DRAM) and to concurrently execute blocks residing in memory with multiple threads. This enables the same program to execute in-core, out-of-core, serial, parallel, single-threaded, multithreaded, or combinations thereof. This paper describes the implementation of the main features of the DIY2 programming model and optimizations to improve performance. DIY2 is evaluated on complete analysis codes.
Three blistering diseases. Why proper management is critical.

PreviewThe three blistering conditions described in this article—dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid—are unusual but not rare. Proper management is critical and should include supervision by a physician thoroughly familiar with treatment and potential complications. Dr Wooldridge discusses the primary care physician's role in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these diseases.
Developmental regulation of ACE gene expression by endogenous kinins and angiotensin II.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, i.e., kininase II), a key regulator of kinins and angiotensin II (ANG II) generation, is developmentally regulated and its expression is induced at a specific time point (day 15) of postnatal kidney development. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenous kinins and ANG II regulate the developmental expression of the renal ACE gene. In the first protocol, newborn rats received the kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin (100,000 KIU.kg-1.day-1 sc), or the kinin B2 receptor antagonist, HOE-140 (600 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 sc), or 0.9% saline, from birth until postnatal days 5, 15, or 20. Aprotinin prevented the postnatal rise in renal kallikrein activity without affecting blood pressure in either developing or adult rats. Chronic kallikrein blockade significantly attenuated the postnatal induction of both serum ACE activity (-11% vs. controls) and kidney ACE activity and mRNA (-50% vs. controls). In addition, aprotinin attenuated the postnatal rise of ACE activity in t...
Gender assignment in newborn male pseudohermaphrodites.

Male pseudohermaphroditism can be caused by absent mullerian regression, inadequate synthesis of testosterone, inadequate synthesis of dihydrotestosterone, or androgen receptor deficiency. Indications for gender assignment according to the differential diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism are suggested.
Vertical Integration and Related Variations on a Transaction-Cost Economics Theme

That vertical integration is to be understood in large measure as a transaction-cost economising outcome has been generally conceded since Ronald Coase advanced the argument in 1937.2 The argument was forcefully restated by Kenneth Arrow as part of his assessment of the market failure literature (1969, p. 48). It was not, however, until 1971 that the underlying mechanics were described (Williamson, 1971). The argument has since been elaborated (Williamson, 1975, 1979; Klein, et al., 1978). Of equal if not greater importance, the same underlying transaction cost reasoning applies broadly — which is to say that vertical integration is a paradigm problem. Such apparently unrelated phenomena as the employment relation, aspects of regulation, vertical market restrictions, and even family organisation3 are variations on a theme.
History of Malaria and Its Control

Malaria is an ancient threat to human health that has relentlessly taken human life for millennia. To appreciate the challenges to malaria control, we must understand the history of the struggle between humans, the malaria parasite, and the mosquito vector.
Marital Status and Persons With Dementia in Assisted Living.

Despite the prevalence of dementia among residents in assisted living (AL), few researchers have focused on the length of stay (LOS) in AL among this population. Little is known about the factors t...
Acidic Catalysis with Zeolites

After the work of Barrer, zeolites have been used as selective adsorbents. The discovery of their catalytic properties in 1960 started a new era in the field of catalysis.(1,2) Less than ten years later, 90% of catalytic cracking units in the United States used zeolites. A continuous improvement of zeolites properties led to a simultaneous innovation and competiton in units design. At the present time the four main industrial applications of zeolites involve their acidic properties. The most important is catalytic cracking which uses zeolites thermally stabilized by various treatments. The hydrocracking process superimposes the cracking due to the acid properties of the zeolite with the hydrogenation due to noble metal. The selectoforming adds a shape selective effect of the zeolite cages to the hydrocracking by the choice of zeolites (erionite, offretite) which selectively convert only C5 to C9 n-paraffins from naphthas and reformates.(3) Oil dewaxing also uses a shape selective catalyst for the hydrocracking of n-paraffins. Besides those industrial uses, zeolites are also very good catalysts for other reactions involving acidic catalysis such as isomerization, hydration-dehydration, alkylation, isomerization and disproportionation of alkylbenzene, etc.
Omentin as a potential biomarker related to exercise and cancer risk.

1571 Background: Omentin is a protective adipokine whose circulating levels are inversely related to BMI, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Serum levels are lower in women with endometri...
Evaluating CollaboRATE in a clinical setting: analysis of mode effects on scores, response rates and costs of data collection

Background Shared decision-making (SDM) has become a policy priority, yet its implementation is not routinely assessed. To address this gap we tested the delivery of CollaboRATE, a 3-item patient reported experience measure of SDM, via multiple survey modes. Objective To assess CollaboRATE response rates and respondent characteristics across different modes of administration, impact of mode and patient characteristics on SDM performance and cost of administration per response in a real-world primary care practice. Design Observational study design, with repeated assessment of SDM performance using CollaboRATE in a primary care clinic over 15 months of data collection. Different modes of administration were introduced sequentially including paper, patient portal, interactive voice response (IVR) call, text message and tablet computer. Participants Consecutive patients ≥18 years, or parents/guardians of patients Main measures CollaboRATE assesses three core SDM tasks: (1) explanation about health issues, (2) elicitation of patient preferences and (3) integration of patient preferences into decisions. Responses to each item range from 0 (no effort was made) to 9 (every effort was made). CollaboRATE scores are calculated as the proportion of participants who report a score of nine on each of the three CollaboRATE questions. Key results Scores were sensitive to mode effects: the paper mode had the highest average score (81%) and IVR had the lowest (61%). However, relative clinician performance rankings were stable across the different data collection modes used. Tablet computers administered by research staff had the highest response rate (41%), although this approach was costly. Clinic staff giving paper surveys to patients as they left the clinic had the lowest response rate (12%). Conclusions CollaboRATE can be introduced using multiple modes of survey delivery while producing consistent clinician rankings. This may allow routine assessment and benchmarking of clinician and clinic SDM performance.
Chelation therapy in cardiovascular disease: an update

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The off-label use of chelation therapy (disodium edetate or EDTA) for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widespread, despite the lack of convincing evidence for efficacy or approval from the Food and Drug Administration. After the publication of results from the National Institute of Health-sponsored Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI), there is a renewed interest in clarifying the role of this treatment modality for patients with coronary artery disease.Areas covered: This narrative review highlights the evidence from observational studies and RCT in assessing the effect of chelation therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and potential for adverse effects or harm.Expert commentary: Although encouraging results were reported in TACT, the evidence is insufficient to recommend the routine use of chelation therapy even in the post-MI diabetic subgroup, which appeared to benefit. The ongoing TAC...
Systematic review and Knowledge Translation: A framework for synthesizing heterogeneous research evidence.

Background Participatory methodologies in disability and rehabilitation research are used to capture the perspectives of people with disabilities and to recognize the agency of stakeholder groups. Existing resources for conducting systematic reviews seldom provide details about how to integrate stakeholder input into the methodological process. Objectives This article considers how knowledge translation strategies can support and advance systematic reviews that include diverse types of research. Methods Lessons learned from conducting a systematic review of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) employment research are explained and contextualized within research on barriers and facilitators to successful knowledge translation. Results Steps from the research protocol are described to provide a procedural framework for integrating stakeholder feedback into the review process. Descriptive mapping, an analytical technique most commonly used in scoping reviews, was deemed necessary to provide a clearer understanding and overview of the diverse body of research evidence. Conclusions Stakeholder feedback can address barriers to knowledge translation by engaging end-users of research products throughout the review process. Given the growing scholarly recognition of qualitative and mixed-methods techniques as suitable approaches for systematic review, there is further need for consideration on how these approaches can benefit from more participatory research processes.
De novo versus nevus-associated melanomas: Differences in associations with prognostic indicators and survival.

9025 Background: Although 20%-30% of melanomas may be histopathologically “nevus-associated,” implying direct transformation of a nevus into melanoma, the majority of melanomas arise in clinically ...
“MISS X,” TELEPATHY, AND AFFECT AT FIN DE SIÈCLE

In his book Apparitions and Thought-Transference: An Examination of the Evidence for Telepathy (1895), Frank Podmore relates what might at first seem a humdrum occurrence of settling into bedtime reading. The diary he has transcribed, of a woman he calls D, records on January 6th, “Tried several books . . . finally took to ‘Villette.’” But D’s choice was not completely autonomous. She was clearly influenced by her friend, “X.” As Podmore wrote, “From Miss X's diary it appears that she willed D to read The Professor,” which he notes, portentously, was “also by Charlotte Bronte.” X got luckier – or honed her skills – a few weeks later, when D recorded “Sonnets by E.B.B. 10:30 p.m.” and “In Miss X's diary, written at about 10 p.m., appears the entry, ‘Sonnets viii-ix., E.B.B.’” Assessing the records, Podmore found X's influence over D's literary taste to be “presumably telepathic” (122–23). Although the phenomenon was sensational, the circumstances surrounding it were decidedly mundane, ranging from bedtime reading to hearing X's piano-playing at a distance of miles, and meeting specific people at certain times. At a second glance, the phenomenon remains humdrum. Gauri Viswanathan has described how the institutionalization of Theosophy created reality effects that routinized its mysticism, rendering it ordinary (7). Similarly, though psychical research studied the numinous, its institutions ensconced it in bureaucracy, making it mundane. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Britain, the oddly interesting-yet-boring phenomenon of thought-reading became a cultural activity that ranged between scientific research, domestic pastime, and popular entertainment. Could people read each other's minds? If so, how was it done? Thought-reading arose to compete with Spiritualism, the practice of contacting the dead through seances. Its most mysterious public persona, and one of the more intriguing historical figures of the period, was Podmore's aficionado of Charlotte Bronte and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the presumed telepath known as Miss X.
Experimental characterization of impact ionization coefficients for electrons and holes in GaN grown on bulk GaN substrates

Epitaxial p-i-n structures grown on native GaN substrates have been fabricated and used to extract the impact ionization coefficients in GaN. The photomultiplication method has been used to experimentally determine the impact ionization coefficients; avalanche dominated breakdown is confirmed by variable-temperature breakdown measurements. To facilitate photomultiplication measurements of both electrons and holes, the structures include a thin pseudomorphic In 0.07 Ga 0.93 N layer on the cathode side of the drift layer. Illumination with 193 nm and 390 nm UV light has been performed on diodes with different intrinsic layer thicknesses. From the measured multiplication characteristics, the impact ionization coefficients of electrons (α) and holes (β) were determined for GaN over the electric field range from 2 MV/cm to 3.7 MV/cm. The results show that for transport along the c-axis, holes dominate the impact ionization process at lower electric field strengths; the impact ionization coefficient of electrons becomes comparable to that of holes ( β / α < 5) for electric field strengths above 3.3 MV/cm.
Aging and Education

This article focuses on educational issues in adulthood, particularly in middle adulthood and older age. Several issues influencing education throughout the lifespan, which are particularly relevant to adult education, are discussed. These issues include recent global shifts in the age structure of societies throughout the world, globalization of economic markets, and technological advances in education and the workplace. The first section of this article details the demographic changes in relationship to the evolving population of learners, which is increasingly including adults and the elderly, women, ethnic minorities, and persons from developing countries. Educators will be compelled to address educational disparities given the rising numbers of persons in already disadvantaged groups and to implement educational interventions to promote and maintain independence of the elderly. The second section focuses on cognitive development in adulthood and the relationship to early formal education as well as the potential for learning opportunities in middle age and older adulthood. The third section discusses current and future trends in education. Most notably are the promotion of lifelong learning, the globalization of education, and the impact of science and technology. Finally, the importance of considering the changing dynamic between aging societies and educational interventions is discussed.
Testimony of Professor Roger Colinvaux Before the House Committee on Ways & Means, Subcommittee on Oversight Hearing on Tax Exempt Organizations

Recent legislation has established new legislative precedents that run counter to the traditional regulatory approach of 501(c)(3) organizations: precedents for distinct exemption standards based on the type of organization, a weakening of the basis for distinguishing among charities as “public” or “private,” and a related preference for brighter enforcement lines and frustration with the status quo. These trends make for growing complexity, but are in large part a reasonable response to the historic legacy of defining a sector based on broadly conceived purposes and the inherent difficulties of oversight that follow. Going forward, it is critical to assess the federal role in support of the section 501(c)(3) sector, and at a minimum, take steps to further the integrity of the sector by minimizing opportunities for abuse. More broadly, if the federal approach is to be reconceived, the tax policy focus should shift to greater promotion of activities rather than purposes, and require more from the sector than avoiding bad outcomes.
Abstract 1909: NR4A2 role in head and neck cancer: Mechanistic and functional analysis

Background: Nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1/NR4A2) is a transcription factor that mediates numerous functions in differentiation/development, maintenance and metabolism. In cancer cells, NR4A2 promotes proliferation, migration, transformation and chemo-resistance in many cancers. Here, we explore the role of NR4A2 in head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNC) tumorigenesis and define its target genes. Methods: NR4A2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in publically available databases (Oncomine, TCGA). NR4A2 was knockedout/knockdown by CRISPR or shRNA. Coimmunoprepitation and reverse chromatin immunoprecipitation were done to study the interaction between EGFR/STAT3. ChIPSeq analysis was done by using Illumina NextSeq 500 Genome Analyzer and integrated with microarray (HPV+/- patients) to identify the true target genes of NR4A2 using BETA Software and validated by PCR/qPCR. Results: IHC and database analysis demonstrated overexpression of NR4A2 in HNC patients. NR4A2 was significantly overexpressed in HPV+ HNC patients, SCC47 and SCC104 cell lines. Functionally, CRISPR/shRNA knockout/knockdown of NR4A2 in cell lines significantly decreased colonogenicity, proliferation and migration. Expression of NR4A2 was positively correlated with EGFR expression (R2=0.92), and EGF treatment (100ng/ml; 24-48h) induced NR4A2 (~2 fold) expression coupled with epithelial to mesenchymal transition in SCC1 and SCC10B cells (HPV-). We also observed EGF mediated NR4A2 induction was abrogated by panEGFR inhibitor (afatinib) with concomitant decrease in STAT3 expression. Physical interaction between EGFR and STAT3 with EGF treatment regulated NR4A2 expression. Whole genome integration of ChIPseq and microarray demonstrates 9% (2015) and 23% (3002) of the enriched up and down-regulated target genes, respectively were canonically regulated in HPV+ HNC. ChIP PCR validation indicates enrichment of NR4A2 in some of the target genes, wnt10, p53, cxcl13, cln10 and hoxb8 in HPV+ cells. Conclusions: Our data indicate overexpression of NR4A2 in HNC, and its positive correlation with EGFR expression. We also noted the physical interaction between EGFR and STAT3 which functionally attribute the NR4A2 expression. Integration and validation data showed the differential enrichment of NR4A2 target genes in HPV+/- cell lines which suggest its possible discriminatory role in HNC pathogenesis which needs to be confirmed. Citation Format: Sanjib Chaudhary, Ramesh Pothuraju, Pranita Atri, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Surinder K. Batra, Muzafar A. Macha. NR4A2 role in head and neck cancer: Mechanistic and functional analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1909.
Humanizing Digital Mental Health through Social Media: Centering Experiences of Gang-Involved Youth Exposed to High Rates of Violence:

As the lives of young people expand further into digital spaces, our understandings of their expressions and language on social media become more consequential for providing individualized and appl...
Virtual Politics, Real Guns: On Cloud Community, Violence, and Human Rights

My contribution does not intend not to defeat Orgad’s vision, but to outline significant worries about how we might make that vision real. Orgad does not want voluntary forms of transnational institution to take the place of states, but insists upon their validity and power as ‘state-like entities.’ It is this latter point with which I take issue. If these institutions are to become genuinely state-like, they must have some part in doing what it is that states do; and we must understand how they could do that sort of thing, and how we could move from where we are to where we might be. If, in contrast, these institutions are merely places for debate and for the creation of solidarity, then we have had them for a very long time indeed. It is then not clear what these tools provide us with except for scale and ease. Either way, I suggest, we have some work to do. Orgad’s vision is profoundly hopeful, while my own is not, and I genuinely hope I can be proven wrong.
Part II: Examining Stakeholder Perceptions of the Postprofessional Clinical Doctoral Degree in Athletic Training

Context: As health care education evolves, so do the required educational degree levels. In athletic training, the master's degree has traditionally represented the advanced degree option, but clin...
Alcohol-specific social comparison as a moderator of the norms-behavior association for young adult alcohol use.

Abstract Research has indicated that individuals high in social comparison orientation (SCO) are more influenced by the behavior and perceived norms of others. However, despite research indicating that behavior is more closely influenced by and modeled on more socially proximal reference groups, most social comparison research to date has utilized global measures of social comparison. As such, research has not examined whether domain-specific (i.e. alcohol-specific social comparisons) and their relation with norms are more predictive of alcohol-related outcomes than global comparisons. As such, the present study aimed to determine whether the previously found relationships between global SCO, descriptive drinking norms and their interaction are still significant when accounting for alcohol-specific SCO and its interaction with descriptive norms in the prediction of drinking willingness and behavior. Results from 355 young adults age 18–20 indicated that the association of alcohol-specific SCO and its interaction with descriptive norms for drinking predicts alcohol-related outcomes (drinking willingness and alcohol consumption), but not alcohol-related negative consequences above and beyond global SCO. Thus, alcohol-specific SCO may be of particular importance when determining for whom normative based preventive interventions may be the most efficacious.
Central Limit Theorem for Billiards with Flat Points

In this paper, we constructed stationary martingale difference approximations to certain processes generated by billiards with flat points, using the filtration generated by the first return time function. This leads to the central limit theorem for observables adapted to the filtration. Moreover, we also are able to obtain an explicit formula for the diffusion constant for this class of observables.
Reflections on Undergraduate Science Experiences: A Push to Science Teaching

Emerging from a sharing stories of leaving science majors fields and choosing to teach instead of pursuing post-grad science opportunities, this chapter uses autoethnography to reflect on the common themes we experienced that helped us make sense of this transition from science to science education. Autoethnography allowed us to reflect and highlight key events and common themes to explain our desire to stay within science, but not practice science through science vocations. Having completed undergraduate science degree programs while belonging to traditionally underrepresented groups in science, our experiences provide insight and alternative perspectives as to underrepresentation in science professions. We identified discrimination, both within science classes, and within other university classes, as a factor in questioning and reaffirmation our views of self as scientists. Additionally, our experience was of lacking visible pathways to enact social agency in science in ways to solve problems, like the discrimination felt, and instead we were pulled to education as a direct means to addressing social issues. Our experiences with mentoring paradoxically helped us find this path, and persist within science, but did not help in ways to keep us in science professions. We end the chapter raising questions concerning the framing of success in science, based on our experiences.
Enhancing Parathyroid Gland Visualization Using a Near Infrared Fluorescence-Based Overlay Imaging System.

Background Misidentifying parathyroid glands (PGs) during thyroidectomies or parathyroidectomies could significantly increase postoperative morbidity. Imaging systems based on near infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) detection can localize PGs with high accuracy. These devices, however, depict NIRAF images on remote display monitors, where images lack spatial context and comparability with actual surgical field of view. In this study, we designed an overlay tissue imaging system (OTIS) that detects tissue NIRAF and back-projects the collected signal as a visible image directly onto the surgical field of view instead of a display monitor, and tested its ability for enhancing parathyroid visualization. Study Design The OTIS was first calibrated with a fluorescent ink grid and initially tested with parathyroid, thyroid, and lymph node tissues ex vivo. For in vivo measurements, the surgeon's opinion on tissue of interest was first ascertained. After the surgeon looked away, the OTIS back-projected visible green light directly onto the tissue of interest, only if the device detected relatively high NIRAF as observed in PGs. System accuracy was determined by correlating NIRAF projection with surgeon's visual confirmation for in situ PGs or histopathology report for excised PGs. Results The OTIS yielded 100% accuracy when tested ex vivo with parathyroid, thyroid, and lymph node specimens. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in 30 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy. Ninety-seven percent of exposed tissue of interest was visualized correctly as PGs by the OTIS, without requiring display monitors or contrast agents. Conclusions Although OTIS holds novel potential for enhancing label-free parathyroid visualization directly within the surgical field of view, additional device optimization is required for eventual clinical use.
Reconfigurable Soft Capacitive Sensor with Variable Stiffness Ring

Approaches to achieving variable stiffness actuators, such as embedding a low melting point metal into an elastomer, have been widely demonstrated to tune the stiffnesses of soft actuators. The effect of these approaches on soft sensors has received less attention. Here, we fabricate a soft elastomer capacitor with liquid metal electrodes that is surrounded by a low melting point alloy. The capacitor can be placed into either a rigid (room temperature) or compliant (heated) state by passing current through an embedded Joule heater. We characterize the time required to melt the metal and reach steady-state temperature within the capacitor and investigate the capacitor responses to strain and normal force. The capacitor undergoes an increase in capacitance under strain in its heated state, but it demonstrates a decrease in capacitance in its cooled state under the same deformations.
Adaptive Crawling in Online Social Networks: a Matrix Factorization Based Approach

Privacy issues in Online Social Networks (OSNs) are severer when more and more users are sharing their candid personal information and friendships online. One simple attack aims at private user data is to use socialbots to befriend the users and crawl data from users who are tricked to accept the friend requests. This attack is shown to be effective and hence it is important to understand the friending strategies of this attack. The existing works on the friending strategies focus on the theoretical side to provide guarantees for near-optimal strategies and assume that the attackers know the probabilistic network topology as well as the friend request acceptance rates. In this work, we instead focus on a practical problem: the attackers usually have very restricted knowledge of the OSNs before the attack. We aim at solving the Adaptive Crawling in OSNs (ACOSN) problem, in which the attackers make decisions using only the crawled data. We design our strategy with the help of a matrix factorization based link prediction approach that can adaptively update the link existence probabilities using current knowledge. The experiment results show that our approach is effective in actual OSN data sets.
The ReThink study: a 3-arm parallel randomized trial of cognitive bias modification, with and without adherence promotion, for adolescent anxiety disorder: trial design and protocol

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem among youth, contribute to reduced quality of daily life, and are associated with high rates of comorbidity. However, treatment rates for anxiety are very low, causing a sizeable treatment gap. There is an immediate need to identify treatment interventions that are effective, affordable, and can be delivered easily to the youth population. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) is one potentially effective intervention that could reach youth on a large scale, especially when self-administered at home. Thus, we aim to assess the benefit of CBM to treat youth anxiety. Further, we aim to test whether adding an adherence promotion (AP) component to the CBM intervention can improve outcomes, and whether CBM delivered both with and without the AP component is cost effective. This is a 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted within an existing healthcare system. Potentially eligible youth (ages 12 to 17) will be identified by reviewing the electronic health record (EHR) for clinical anxiety diagnoses, which are then confirmed via research interview. We aim to enroll 498 participants and randomize them 1:1:1 to one of three arms: Arm 1 is a Low-Ratio version of the CBM program (nearly identical to the other CBM versions, but minimally effective); Arm 2 is a High-Ratio “active” CBM program; and Arm 3 is the High-Ratio CBM program with an added AP component. Participants will complete assessments at baseline, 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-baseline. Youth in all three arms will self-administer the CBM program at home and will be asked to complete twelve intervention sessions over a four-week period. Arm 3 participants (High-Ratio CBM + AP) will also receive up to four telephone calls from phone coaches during the intervention period to provide technical assistance, encouragement, and motivational enhancement to increase adherence. The primary clinical outcome will be anxiety remission at 6-month follow-up. This study protocol describes the method and design for an RCT to test whether self-administered CBM both with and without adherence promotion can be an effective at-home treatment for anxious youth. ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02156531, First Posted June 5, 2014.
Inhibition of 2-hydroxyglutarate elicits metabolic reprogramming and mutant IDH1 glioma immunity in mice

Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1-R132H; mIDH1) is a hallmark of adult gliomas. Lower grade mIDH1 gliomas are classified into 2 molecular subgroups: 1p/19q codeletion/TERT-promoter mutations or inactivating mutations in α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) and TP53. This work focuses on glioma subtypes harboring mIDH1, TP53, and ATRX inactivation. IDH1-R132H is a gain-of-function mutation that converts α-ketoglutarate into 2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The role of D-2HG within the tumor microenvironment of mIDH1/mATRX/mTP53 gliomas remains unexplored. Inhibition of D-2HG, when used as monotherapy or in combination with radiation and temozolomide (IR/TMZ), led to increased median survival (MS) of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice. Also, D-2HG inhibition elicited anti-mIDH1 glioma immunological memory. In response to D-2HG inhibition, PD-L1 expression levels on mIDH1-glioma cells increased to similar levels as observed in WT-IDH gliomas. Thus, we combined D-2HG inhibition/IR/TMZ with anti-PDL1 immune checkpoint blockade and observed complete tumor regression in 60% of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice. This combination strategy reduced T cell exhaustion and favored the generation of memory CD8+ T cells. Our findings demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming elicits anti-mIDH1 glioma immunity, leading to increased MS and immunological memory. Our preclinical data support the testing of IDH-R132H inhibitors in combination with IR/TMZ and anti-PDL1 as targeted therapy for mIDH1/mATRX/mTP53 glioma patients.
GPU programming for biomedical imaging

Scientific computing is rapidly advancing due to the introduction of powerful new computing hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPUs). Affordable thanks to mass production, GPU processors enable the transition to efficient parallel computing by bringing the performance of a supercomputer to a workstation. We elaborate on some of the capabilities and benefits that GPU technology offers to the field of biomedical imaging. As practical examples, we consider a GPU algorithm for the estimation of position of interaction from photomultiplier (PMT) tube data, as well as a GPU implementation of the MLEM algorithm for iterative image reconstruction.
Empirical data on the origin of 'new' comets

The mass distribution of a group of 62 comets from the sample of Marsden et al (1978) was determined by assuming that the size of a comet is in proportion to the surface area of its vaporizing nucleus. A bimodal distribution was found, with a gap between magnitudes 8.1 and 9. The 50 brighter comets (magnitudes 1 to 8) have been tentatively identified as true 'new' comets; their size distribution cannot be fit to a constant slope on a log-log graph. These comets were apparently formed by a mechanism which differs from the fragmentation process. The 12 fainter may be fragments of comets which split or dimmed during their first passages. Results indicate that new comets could be identified with pristine planetesimals; they decay rapidly, probably by splitting when they enter the inner solar system.
CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR SOME MICROAEROPHILIC VIBRIOS

Fletcher, R. D. (University of Connecticut, Storrs) and W. N. Plastridge. Chemically defined medium for some microaerophilic vibrios. J. Bacteriol. 85:992–995. 1963.—The medium described supported growth of 22 of 26 catalase-positive, H2S-negative vibrios (Vibrio fetus). The strains used were isolated from cattle, chickens, man, sheep, and swine; 10 failed to grow in thiol medium plus 1% glycine (group I), and 16 were glycine-tolerant (group II). Growth on the defined medium was compared with growth on yeast extract agar, blood agar, and thiol agar. Four of the group I strains failed to grow on the defined medium, and growth of seven of the group II strains equaled or exceeded growth obtained on the compared media. Use of synthetic media for determining growth requirements and for possible classification of vibrios is discussed.
Evaluation of Four Different Experimental Techniques for Determination of Elastic Properties of Solids

Two dynamic and two static techniques for determining Young's and shear moduli of solids at room temperature were evaluated using, 7075 aluminum, 4140 steel, Pyrex glass and 99.9% pure Al 2 O 3 (porosity 1.58-4.22 vol%) samples. The dynamic techniques included Impulse Excitation (IE) and Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) while static techniques included Four Point Bending (4PB) and Nanoindentation (NI). The results obtained from the different tests were compared and statistically analyzed to determine the precision of each test method and to estimate the significance of the differences among the four techniques. It was found that dynamic techniques had higher precision and while there was no statistically significant difference among the values of Young's moduli determined by NI, RUS and IE for Pyrex glass and steel, results obtained by NI are significantly different than those obtained by RUS and IE for the case of aluminum and Al 2 O 3 . In the case of porous Al 2 O 3 it was found that the magnitude of Young's modulus obtained by NI is higher and that the results have higher variability than those obtained by RUS and IE. This was attributed to the structural inhomogeneity of porous Al 2 O 3 samples at the scale at which indentation takes place. In all cases, it was found that the results obtained from 4PB are significantly different from those determined through RUS, IE and NI and that they have the lowest precision and repeatability among the four test methods.
Diverse routing for survivability in a fiber-based sparse network

The problem of obtaining optimal pairs of diverse routes to minimize cost for given demand, capacity, and bound requirements is addressed. The mathematical formulation of this problem yields a mixed-integer, multicommodity flow model which can be solved by a Lagrangian relaxation-based algorithm exploiting the structure of the problem. A preliminary study shows improvement in worst case network survivability with diverse routing. >