cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geographic information systems for ground motion evaluation in seismic bridge analysis

Public safety requires that bridges be designed for the entire spectrum of loading conditions that could result in failures. During the past decade, seismic bridge design has become oriented towards specific performance objectives by considering possible rates of earthquake occurrence over the design life of the structure. A geographic information system (GIS) methodology for establishing potential long-term seismic risk for bridges is described in this paper. The GIS graphical and computational capabilities to analyze spatially distributed problems are shown to be an ideal, powerful tool for establishing ground motions within the performance-based criteria of modern seismic bridge design. Sample outputs for the Eastern United States (EUS) are presented as an application. Seismic events in this area are infrequent; however, they can pose a serious threat, especially considering that many of the bridges in EUS were built before seismic design was required. There are many problems associated in determining ...
An intraoperative probe combining positron detection and OCT imaging for ovarian cancer detection and characterization

In this paper, we report an intraoperative approach by combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and position detection to detect and characterize ovarian cancers. A total of 18 ovaries were studied ex vivo. Based on histopathology result, they were classified into normal and malignant groups, respectively. On average positron count rate of 8.0-fold higher was found between malignant and normal ovaries. OCT imaging of ovaries revealed many detailed morphologic features that could be potentially valuable for detecting early malignant changes in ovarian tissue. Optical scattering coefficients of these ovaries were estimated from OCT A-lines. Normal ovarian tissue showed higher scattering coefficient than that of malignant ovarian tissue. Using a threshold of 2.00 mm -1 for all ovaries, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% were achieved. This initial data shows our intraoperative probe based on OCT and positron detection has a great potential for ovarian cancer detection and characterization.
Four-Dimensional Symmetry

We study the symmetry of scattering amplitudes at vanishing momentum transfer. We show that the little group of the Poincar\'e group corresponding to vanishing four-momentum (isomorphic to the homogeneous Lorentz group, or, by analytic continuation, to the four-dimensional rotation group) is in general not a symmetry of the scattering amplitude. However, the spectrum of the amplitude is classified according to the larger symmetry. Regge poles occur in families; the members of the family follow the first one in integer steps at vanishing momentum transfer and are classified according to a new quantum number derived from the higher symmetry. We derive a one-parameter "mass formula" describing the deviation of the slopes of Regge trajectories from the value required by the higher symmetry. The theory is applied to the problem of the high-energy scattering of particles of arbitrary mass, and leads to an unambiguous asymptotic expression for the scattering amplitude. We analyze the implications of the new symmetry for the spectrum of hadrons. The predicted new Regge trajectories lead to observable particles and resonances; their coupling strength is determined by the symmetry in terms of the parameters of the "parent" trajectories. In particular we assign the ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1400)$ resonance to the second "daughter" of the ${N}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ trajectory; the symmetry breaking turns out to be small, and the decay width of ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1400)$ is computed in satisfactory agreement with the experimental result.
Unitary Theory of Hydrocarbon Catalytic Reactions

IN the course of the investigation of the catalytic isomerization of butene-1 to butene-2, we have been led to a formulation of such diverse hydrocarbon reactions as the double-bond migration, alkylation, polymerization, and cracking in terms of one mechanism. The experimental facts on which this view is based are as follows.
Sketch-based data recovery in sensor data streams

The data imprecision received at a base station is common in mobile wireless sensor networks. In scenarios, data cleaning based on spatio-temporal relationships among sensors is not practical due to the unique, but commonly found, characteristics of sensor networks. As one of the first methods to clean sensor data in such environments, our proposed method deploys a sketch technique to periodically summarize N sensor samples into a fixed size array of memory and manage to recover values of missing or corrupted sensor samples at the base station. Our evaluation demonstrates that, with a small fixed portion of additional data transmission compared to original N data, the proposed method outperforms the existing data cleaning methods which assume the spatio-temporal relationship among sensors.
Stimulatory effects of ethanol on amino acid transport by rat fetal hepatocytes.

Previous studies have indicated that acute, and especially chronic, maternal ethanol consumption can depress placental uptake of various amino acids. Since the fetal cell itself represents a second barrier to nutrients, one which may be altered by ethanol exposure, the effects of ethanol on amino acid net uptake by rat fetal hepatocytes was addressed. The present study determined that ethanol stimulated amino acid net uptake by fetal hepatocytes grown in monolayer culture. Fetal liver cells were grown in custom Williams' E medium (without L-arginine and with L-ornithine) and exposed to epidermal growth factor (0, 1, 2 or 5 ng per ml) and ethanol (1.7 ± 0.1 or 3.9 ± 0.2 mg per ml). Addition of ethanol (3.9 mg per ml) to the culture medium completely blocked measurable cell replication during a 48-hr exposure period. Fetal hepatocytes exposed to ethanol accrued both protein and water in a parallel fashion, both in excess of that by control cells. Ethanol (1.7 and 3.9 mg per ml) for 48 hr stimulated α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake by fetal hepatocytes (p < 0.05). Efflux was not affected (p < 0.05). The onset of this significant stimulation of net uptake was progressive and required in excess of 6 hr of contact with ethanol. This ethanol stimulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake persisted for at least 24 hr following ethanol withdrawal. The component(s) of α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake stimulated by ethanol was independent of extracellular Na+. In addition, ethanol stimulated net uptake of two other marker amino acids, methyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid and cycloleucine (54 and 128%, respectively, p < 0.05). In summary, these data suggest: (i) ethanol can stimulate the net uptake of amino acids by fetal hepatocytes while not affecting efflux; (ii) this effect requires an exposure period in excess of 6 hr and is not rapidly reversible, and (iv) ethanol exposure (3.9 mg per ml) totally prevents fetal hepatocyte replication and causes a 3- to 4-fold increase (accumulation) in cellular protein and water.
Network Power in Collaborative Planning

This article makes a case that collaborative planning is becoming more important because it can result in network power. Collaborative policy processes are increasingly in use as ways of achieving results in an era distinguished by rapid change, social and political fragmentation, rapid high volume information flow, global interdependence, and conflicting values. Network power can be thought of as a flow of power in which participants all share. It comes into being most effectively when three conditions govern the relationship of agents in a collaborative network: diversity, interdependence, and authentic dialogue (DIAD). Like a complex adaptive system, the DIAD network as a whole is more capable of learning and adaptation in the face of fragmentation and rapid change than a set of disconnected agents. Planners have many roles in such networks, and planning education needs to incorporate new subject matter to better prepare planners for these roles.
Costs and consequences of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations for opt-out HIV testing.

Background The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently recommended opt-out HIV testing (testing without the need for risk assessment and counseling) in all health care encounters in the US for persons 13‐64 years old. However, the overall costs and consequences of these recommendations have not been estimated before. In this paper, I estimate the costs and public health impact of opt-out HIV testing relative to testing accompanied by client-centered counseling, and relative to a more targeted counseling and testing strategy. Methods and Findings Basic methods of scenario and cost-effectiveness analysis were used, from a payer’s perspective over a one-year time horizon. I found that for the same programmatic cost of US$864,207,288, targeted counseling and testing services (at a 1% HIV seropositivity rate) would be preferred to opt-out testing: targeted services would newly diagnose more HIV infections (188,170 versus 56,940), prevent more HIV infections (14,553 versus 3,644), and do so at a lower gross cost per infection averted (US$59,383 versus US$237,149). While the study is limited by uncertainty in some input parameter values, the findings were robust across a variety of assumptions about these parameter values (including the estimated HIV seropositivity rate in the targeted counseling and testing scenario). Conclusions While opt-out testing may be able to newly diagnose over 56,000 persons living with HIV in one year, abandoning client-centered counseling has real public health consequences in terms of HIV infections that could have been averted. Further, my analyses indicate that even when HIV seropositivity rates are as low as 0.3%, targeted counseling and testing performs better than opt-out testing on several key outcome variables. These analytic findings should be kept in mind as HIV counseling and testing policies are debated in the US.
Effects of laser irradiation on human thrombus: Demonstration of a linear dissolution-dose relation between clot length and energy density

Because vascular thrombosis often accompanies arteriosclerotic disease in occluding blood vessels, the dissolution properties of laser irradiation were investigated and the energies needed to penetrate different lengths of thrombus were quantitated. Spectrophotometric studies show that the blood clot due to the presence of hemoglobin is well absorbed by argon laser energies, which emit blue-green wavelengths between 454 and 514 nm. Thus, laser energies transmitted directly from an argon-ion source produced vaporization and penetration of human thrombus in a linear dose-response fashion; the longer the thrombus, the greater the power intensity or time exposure necessary to penetrate the clot.
Serum progesterone testing to predict ectopic pregnancy in symptomatic first-trimester patients****

Abstract Study Objective: This study was conducted to prospectively measure the accuracy of serum progesterone levels to detect ectopic pregnancy. Methods: Seven hundred sixteen symptomatic first-trimester emergency department patients with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding at a tertiary care military teaching hospital had progesterone levels measured by radioimmunoassay with results unavailable to the treating physician. All patients were monitored until a criterion standard diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy was confirmed. Results: A 14-month derivation phase (n=399) used receiver operating characteristic curve testing to select a cutoff value of progesterone less than 22 ng/mL. A 12-month validation phase (n=317) then retested this cutoff value. Combining both phases, there were 434 (61%) viable intrauterine pregnancies, 229 (32%) nonviable intrauterine pregnancies, and 52 (7.3%) ectopic pregnancies, of which 17 were ruptured. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values (95% confidence intervals) for progesterone levels less than 22 ng/mL to detect ectopic pregnancy were 100% (94% to 100%), 27% (23% to 30%), 10% (7% to 12%), and 100% (98% to 100%), respectively. Conclusion: Given similar disease prevalence, roughly one fourth (178/716) of symptomatic patients can be classified as low risk (0%, 95% confidence interval 0 to 2%) for having an ectopic pregnancy using a progesterone cutoff of 22 ng/mL. Whether implementation of rapid progesterone testing can safely expedite care and reduce the need for urgent diagnostic evaluation or admission remains to be determined. [Buckley RG, King KJ, Disney JD, Riffenburgh RH, Gorman JD, Klausen JH. Serum progesterone testing to predict ectopic pregnancy in symptomatic first-trimester patients. Ann Emerg Med. August 2000;36:95-100.]
FPN: a distributed hash table for commercial applications

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) provide a scalable mechanism of mapping keys onto values. DHTs are designed for fully decentralized, yet efficient object location in peer-to-peer systems. The ad-hoc and dynamic nature of P2P networks motivated existing DHTs to keep only minimum state per node, resulting in relatively long routing paths. Moreover, since the storage in existing P2P systems is essentially "free", its utilization has not been the primary focus of DHT design, resulting in systems with poor utilization. We present fixed prefix network (FPN), a prefix-based DHT designed for future commercial P2P systems supporting applications like distributed archive repository and distributed DNS. Unlike traditional P2P, the new breed is built on the assumption that the contributed resources are dedicated to the system, and are significantly more stable. Exploiting this characterization, FPN allows trading of state size for routing length, making it possible to maintain short fixed path lengths for a wide range of number of nodes. Moreover, FPN guarantees the minimum storage utilization, and in practice can deliver an 80% utilization during the lifetime of a growing system. Finally, FPN is based on a simple concept, yet delivers scalability and robustness similar to other DHTs.
A Comparison of Saving Motives of Urban Chinese and American Workers

This article compares saving motives of urban Chinese and American workers. A framework based on Maslow’s human needs theory with the consideration of economic and cultural factors was used to develop hypotheses. The results of logistic regressions and simulations suggest that Chinese are more likely than Americans to report four out of six saving motives: saving for daily expenses, emergencies, children, and investment, whereas Americans are more likely to report saving for major purchases and retirement. Differences in cultures and in economic development stages were investigated as causes for such differences in saving motives. The findings have implications for public policies and cross-cultural communications. Understanding saving motives is beneficial for family and consumer economists to help families build and sustain their economic security. In this study, we explore similarities and differences in saving motives reported by urban Chinese and American workers. The findings of this cross-cultural research can enrich the literature by testing the human needs theory using data from two countries. The findings can also provide insights for policy makers in the two countries when they make policies for the economic well-being of families. In addition, the United States is becoming a more “colorful” country. Research in cultural diversity is becoming more in demand. Family professionals are interested in knowing more about different cultures of ethnic minority groups in the United States. Asian Americans are the fastest growing population in the United States in recent years. Among them, Chinese Americans are the largest group. Whereas Chinese
Developmental Expression of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules of Oligodendrocytes In Vivo and in Culture

Abstract Previously, we have shown that oligodendrocyte adhesion molecules are related to the 120,000-Mr neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-120). In this report, we present further evidence that the oligodendrocyte adhesion molecule is NCAM-120. Studies on the expression of NCAM-120 and other molecular forms of NCAM in vivo in rat brain, in vitro in primary mixed cultures, and in cultures enriched for oligodendrocytes are described. Western blot analysis of rat brain using anti-NCAM showed that NCAM-120 first appears at postnatal day 7 and increases in quantity thereafter, coincident with the development of oligodendrocytes in vivo and comparable to the expression of myelin basic protein. Purified oligodendrocytes from 4-week-old rat brains expressed only NCAM-120. Quantitation of various forms of NCAMs in rat brain showed marked age-related differences in the expression of three molecular forms of NCAM. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that oligodendrocytes, at all ages tested, expressed NCAM, but in older oligodendrocytes, the intensity of staining was less. Western blot analysis of oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures showed that from day 1 after isolation (12 days of age) through day 7 after isolation (18 days of age) only NCAM-120 is seen. A possible role for NCAM in myelination and remyelination is discussed.
Decreasing Dietary Lauric and Myristic Acids Improves Plasma Lipids More Favorably Than Decreasing Dietary Palmitic Acid in Rhesus Monkeys Fed AHA Step 1 Type Diets

Current dietary recommendations advocate reductions in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and cholesterol (C) as a primary intervention for achieving a more desirable plasma lipid profile. To ascertain whether it is more efficacious to decrease dietary lauric and myristic acids (12:0 + 14:0) or dietary palmitic acid (16:0) in conjunction with a reduction in dietary C, 11 rhesus monkeys (8 males, 3 females) were initially fed a control diet rich in SFA + C for 14 wk ∼38% of energy (%en), SFA 16%en and C at 180 mg/1000 kcal]. Plasma lipids were measured between th 9th and 13 th wk, and LDL metabolism was assessed after 13 wk. Monkeys were then split into two groups and fed one of two American Heart Association (AHA) Step 1 diets (∼30%en fat, 10%en SFA, 75 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal) for an additional 14 wk, and plasma lipids and LDL metabolism were reevaluated. Group 1 received a 16:0-rich diet in which most 12:0 + 14:0 were deleted (∼8.6%en from 16:0 and ∼0.3%en from 12:0 + 14:0), whereas Group 2 received a diet rich in 12:0 + 14:0 from which 16:0 was selectively removed (2.6%en from 16:0 and ∼6.3%en 12:0 + 14:0). In all three diets, oleic and linoleic acid were held relatively constant so that only SFA, the level of total fat and cholesterol were manipulated. Only the Step 1 diet that selectively removed 12:0 + 14:0 (the 16:0-rich diet) significantly reduced all lipid fractions, including total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the LDL pool size. Plasma triglyceride (TG) and the ratio of TC/HDL-C were not altered by either Step I diet. The smaller LDL pool size following the 16:0-rich diet in Group 1 was attributable to a significantly higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL because the transport rate of LDL apoB was unaffected. Although the FCR was increase as well. The data suggest that a Step 1 diet that reduces total fat by decreasing 12:0 + 14:0 in conjunction with dietary C, improves plasma lipids more favorable than a similar diet that selectively removes 16:0 and C. Previous data would imply that the benefit resulted from removal of 12:0 + 14:0 per se, but the possibility is not eliminated that removal of C (independent of 12:0 + 14:0) mutant the potential interaction between C and palmitic acid that tends to raise.
A Prospective Study of the Short-term Treatment Effects of the Acrylic-splint Rapid Maxillary Expander Combined with the Lower Schwarz Appliance

Abstract This prospective clinical study evaluated the short-term treatment effects of acrylic-splint rapid maxillary expander in conjunction with lower Schwarz appliance (RME-Sz) therapy to the acrylic-splint rapid maxillary expansion alone (RME-only group). Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed for 25 RME patients and 19 RME-Sz patients. The average time between films ranged between nine and 12 months. Statistical comparisons of the treatment changes in the RME-only and RME-Sz groups were performed by means of independent sample t-tests (P < .05). The largest difference between the two groups was in lower anterior facial height (LAFH). The normally occurring increase in LAFH was not observed in the RME-only group during the treatment period, indicating that the acrylic-splint expander had a posterior “bite block effect” on the developing craniofacial complex. LAFH increased by 1.7 mm in the RME-Sz group, a value similar to that observed in untreated individuals. Slight forwar...
An application of propensity score weighting to quantify the causal effect of rectal sexually transmitted infections on incident HIV among men who have sex with men.

Background: Exploring causal associations in HIV research requires careful consideration of numerous epidemiologic limitations. First, a primary cause of HIV, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), is time-varying and, if it is also associated with an exposure of interest, may be on a confounding path. Second, HIV is a rare outcome, even in high-risk populations. Finally, for most causal, non-preventive exposures, a randomized trial is impossible. In order to address these limitations and provide a practical illustration of efficient statistical control via propensity-score weighting, we examine the causal association between rectal STI and HIV acquisition in the InvolveMENt study, a cohort of Atlanta-area men who have sex with men (MSM). We hypothesized that, after controlling for potentially confounding behavioral and demographic factors, the significant STI-HIV association would attenuate, but yield an estimate of the causal effect. Methods: The exposure of interest was incident rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia infection; the outcome was incident HIV infection. To adjust for behavioral confounding, while accounting for limited HIV infections, we used an inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) Cox proportional hazards (PH) model for incident HIV. Weights were derived from propensity score modeling of the probability of incident rectal STI as a function of potential confounders, including UAI in the interval of rectal STI acquisition/censoring. Results: Of 556 HIV-negative MSM at baseline, 552 (99%) men were included in this analysis. 79 men were diagnosed with an incident rectal STI and 26 with HIV. 6 HIV-infected men were previously diagnosed with a rectal STI. In unadjusted analysis, incident rectal STI was significantly associated with subsequent incident HIV (HR (95%CI): 3.6 (1.4-9.2)). In the final weighted and adjusted model, the association was attenuated and more precise (HR (95% CI): 2.7 (1.2-6.4)). Conclusions: We found that, controlling for time-varying risk behaviors and time-invariant demographic factors, diagnosis with HIV was significantly associated with prior diagnosis of rectal CT or GC. Our analysis lends support to the causal effect of incident rectal STI on HIV diagnosis and provides a framework for similar analyses of HIV incidence.
Communication design for electronic negotiations on the basis of XML schema

Representation of negotiations in electronic markets and their support are important issues in today’s e-commerce research. Whereas most activities are focused on automation aspects, only few efforts address the design of electronic negotiations – e.g. the sequence of actions, or obligations and responsibilities of the negotiating parties. However, an explicit negotiation design can also address what is commonly referred to as the ontology problem of electronic negotiations: how can one ensure that the negotiating parties have the same understanding regarding the issues that are subject to the negotiation? The solution this paper proposes is to perform a communication design for electronic negotiations that explicitly specifies the common syntax and semantics of the negotiating parties, the logical space of the electronic negotiation. Furthermore, XML Schema is suggested as the mechanism for the runtime representation of the logical space and the validation of actual negotiations from a syntactical and semantical perspective. On the basis of this approach, organisations creating an electronic market or sellers who intend to offer their buyers the ability to bargain can design and generate support mechanisms for electronic negotiations in a flexible and efficient way. The communication design actionand meta-model presented are part of SILKROAD, a design and application framework for electronic negotiations.
Towards the revival of alkaline phosphatase for the management of bone disease, mortality and hip fractures

The story of alkaline phosphatase in the management of mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an interesting and educational part of the history of nephrology. Circulating alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone turnover, was among the first bone markers used for the detection and management of ‘renal osteodystrophy’, a term previously used by clinicians and researchers since the 1970s. However, by the mid-1990s and early 2000s alkaline phosphatase fell out of favor, when commercial parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays become available. At the same time, the first Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines on CKD–MBD chose not to mention alkaline phosphatase, as target ranges were uncertain [1]. A rise in serum alkaline phosphatase, known as hyperphosphatasemia or hyperphosphatasia, is an expected finding in progressive CKD with worsening kidney function [2]. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations in CKD patients with otherwise intact liver and biliary systems usually result from excess of the bone isoforms of the enzyme [3–5]. Specific detection of the bone isoform may not have clinical utility, since it was found not to correlate with inflammation or mortality risk [6]. The recent data suggest that a rise in alkaline phosphatase in dialysis patients is associated with worsening bone mineral density [7], and worse responsiveness to erythropoiesis stimulating agents [8].
Use of the Beck Depression Inventory for assessing depression in patients hospitalized with severe burn. Disentangling symptoms of depression from injury and treatment factors.

The objective of this study was to assess whether scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are biased by injury severity among hospitalized survivors of burn (N = 262). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model was developed with a general depression factor that loaded on all items and somatic and cognitive factors that were orthogonal to the general factor and to each other. The model fit the data well and substantially better than an alternative three-factor model with correlated factors. Percent total body surface area burned (TBSA) was significantly associated with the general depression factor (p = .04), but also with the orthogonal somatic factor (p < .001), suggesting biased measurement due to overlap between somatic symptoms of depression and the severity of the burn injury. Analysis of item communalities, however, suggested that only approximately 2% of total predicted item variance was associated with bias related to injury severity. It was concluded that, despite a small amount of bias, the BDI is a reasonably accurate clinical tool even in the context of severe burn. Appropriate adjustments for bias, however, should be made in research with the BDI among patients with acute burn.
Measurement and modeling of the dry deposition of peroxides

Abstract easurements of the dry deposition velocity (Vd) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total organic peroxides (ROOH) were made during four experiments at three forested sites. Details and uncertainties associated with the measurement of peroxide fluxes by the flux-gradient method are discussed. The results are compared to those predicted using a bulk-resistance model of the type commonly used in regional photochemical models. Good agreement between the H2O2 Vd measurements and a bulk resistance model is obtained when the model contains a zero surface resistance (Rc) and a common form for the laminar leaf-layer resistance (Rb) based on Schmidt and Prandtl numbers. In this case, a near-zero (
Glycoproteins of the Synapse

A consideration of the current state of our knowledge (or should I say ignorance) of the glycoproteins in CNS synapses is pivotal to an understanding of the function of the complex carbohydrates of nerve tissues. Just as snyapses fulfill the crucial role in the establishment, construction, reconstruction, and reinforcement of neuronal pathways of communication, so do glycoproteins subserve the task of establishing and maintaining contact among cells and provide a framework for information transfer at the molecular level. Thus, they may provide key structural and sensory elements not only in the maintenance of synaptic contacts but also in their establishment during synaptogenesis and in their possible modification as a result of experience.
Decay of Ni 57 and Excited Levels in Co 57

The decay of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{57}$ has been investigated in order to obtain detailed information about the level structure of the odd-even ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$. Lithium-drifted germanium detectors as well as standard scintillation-spectrometry techniques have been used. The levels at 1.46, 1.59, 1.75, and 2.62 MeV have been established with direct de-excitation to the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ ground state, in addition to the already known levels at energies of 1.37, 1.497, and 1.9 MeV. It has been confirmed that the 1.497-MeV level is the only one which decays by a (0.127-1.37)-MeV cascade of gamma rays. The various gamma-gamma coincidence studies have been performed; and based on these results, and on the ratios of electron capture to ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay, a decay scheme of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{57}$ is proposed, and the results discussed in the light of the Coriolis coupling model. The half-life of the 1.497-MeV level has been measured as (0.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec and an upper limit for the half-life of the 1.37-MeV level is given as \ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec.
[F-18]-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET demonstrates reduced hypoxia in recurrent malignant gliomas that respond to bevacizumab and irinotecan

B20 Background: Hypoxia is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in malignant tumors including gliomas. Due to the extremely low retention in normal brain, FMISO is an effective quantitative imaging agent for hypoxia in brain tumors. We report our preliminary experience measuring the change in hypoxia in recurrent malignant gliomas with FMISO PET before and after one cycle of the antiangiogenic antibody, bevacizumab, plus irinotecan. Bevacizumab is a humanized anti-VEGF-A antibody that has direct antiproliferative effects on endothelial cells. Its actions may also include normalization of delivery of nutrients and therapeutic agents. Materials and Methods: Four patients were studied at the point of recurrence following conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Three had anaplastic astrocytoma and one had glioblastoma multiforme. Recurrence was documented based on MRI and clinical criteria. Each patient had FMISO PET imaging both before and after one cycle of bevacizumab and irinotecan. Each scan was 20 min long, 2 hours after iv injection of 7.0 mCi of FMISO. Regions of interest over tumor and normal brain areas were constructed on co-registered MRI T1 + gadolinium images applied to the PET images. Venous blood samples taken during imaging were used to create tissue to blood concentration (T/B) ratios. T/B values above 1.2 were used to determine the hypoxic volume for each patient9s tumor and brain regions.(Rajendran, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2003) Maximum T/B values (T/Bmax) were determined from the pixel with the highest uptake. Results: All tumors demonstrated a decrease in hypoxic volume ranging from 12% to 85% (12, 70, 70, 85) and a decrease in T/Bmax of 5% to 20% (5, 10, 12, 20). There was corresponding reduction of the MRI T1 + gadolinium and T2 tumor volumes in each tumor. Conclusions: In this small selected series, FMISO PET provided an important pathophysiological dimension of response not identified by MRI imaging. These results suggest that antiangiogenic therapy may have a significant positive impact on reducing hypoxia and its treatment resistance effects in malignant gliomas. (Supported by NIH grants Nos. PO1 CA42045 and S10 RR17229)
Predictive Validity of the Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria to Detect Adverse Drug Events, Hospitalizations, and Emergency Department Visits in the United States.

Objectives To compare the predictive validity of the 2003 Beers, 2012 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers, and Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Managed care administrative claims data from 2006 to 2009. Participants Commercially insured persons aged 65 and older in the United States (N=174,275). Measurements Association between adverse drug events (ADEs), emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalization outcomes and inappropriate medication use using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models. Measures of model discrimination (c-index) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare unadjusted and adjusted models for associations. Results The prevalence of inappropriate prescribing was 34.1% for the 2012 AGS Beers criteria, 32.2% for the 2003 Beers criteria, and 27.6% for the STOPP criteria. Each set of criteria modestly discriminated ADEs in unadjusted analyses (STOPP criteria: hazard ratio (HR)=2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.68-3.12, C-index=0.607; 2012 AGS Beers criteria: HR=2.51, 95% CI=2.33-2.70, C-index=0.603; 2003 Beers criteria: HR=2.65, 95% CI=2.46-2.85, C-index=0.605). Similar results were observed for ED visits and hospitalizations. The c-indices increased to between 0.65 and 0.70 in adjusted analyses. The kappa for agreement between criteria was 0.80 for the 2003 and 2012 AGS Beers criteria, 0.58 for the 2012 AGS Beers and STOPP criteria, and 0.59 for the 2003 Beers and STOPP criteria. For the three outcomes, the 2012 AGS Beers criteria had the highest sensitivity (61.2-71.2%) and the lowest specificity (41.2-70.7%), and the STOPP criteria had the lowest sensitivity (53.8-64.7%) but the highest specificity (47.8-78.1%). Conclusion All three criteria were modestly prognostic for ADEs, EDs, and hospitalizations, with the STOPP criteria slightly outperforming both Beers criteria. With low sensitivity, low specificity, and low agreement between the criteria, they can be used in a complementary fashion to enhance sensitivity in detecting ADEs.
Isolation of Transplutonium Elements by Tertiary Amine Extraction

The Tramex Process for separating the transplutonium elements from ionic impurities and fission products, including the rare earths, was developed and tested in laboratory scale experiments. This p...
A two-stage clinical decision support system for early recognition and stratification of patients with sepsis: an observational cohort study.

ObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic accuracy of a two-stage clinical decision support system for early recognition and stratification of patients with sepsis.DesignObservational cohort study employing a two-stage sepsis clinical decision support to recognise and stratify patients with sepsis. The stage one component was comprised of a cloud-based clinical decision support with 24/7 surveillance to detect patients at risk of sepsis. The cloud-based clinical decision support delivered notifications to the patients’ designated nurse, who then electronically contacted a provider. The second stage component comprised a sepsis screening and stratification form integrated into the patient electronic health record, essentially an evidence-based decision aid, used by providers to assess patients at bedside.SettingUrban, 284 acute bed community hospital in the USA; 16,000 hospitalisations annually.ParticipantsData on 2620 adult patients were collected retrospectively in 2014 after the clinical decision support was i...
Multistate Evaluation of Plant Growth and Water Use in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers

Containers made from natural fiber and recycled plastic are marketed as sustainable substitutes for traditional plastic containers in the nursery industry. However, growers’ acceptance of alternative containers is limited by the lack of information on how alternative containers impact plant growth and water use (WU). We conducted experiments in Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Texas to test plant growth and WU in five different alternative containers under nursery condition. In 2011, ‘Roemertwo’ wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) were planted in three types of #1 ( 1 gal) containers 1) black plastic (plastic), 2) wood pulp (WP), and 3) recycled paper (KF). In 2012, ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus sempervirens · B. microphylla siebold var. koreana) was evaluated in 1) plastic, 2) WP, 3) fabric (FB), and 4) keratin (KT). In 2013, ‘Dark Knight’ bluebeard (Caryopteris ·clandonensis) was evaluated in 1) plastic, 2) WP, and 3) coir fiber (Coir). Plants grown in alternative containers generally had similar plant growth as plastic containers. ‘Roemertwo’ wintercreeper had high mortality while overwintering in alternative containers with no irrigation. Results from different states generally show plants grown in fiber containers such as WP, FB, and Coir used more water than those in plastic containers. Water use efficiency of plants grown in alternative containers vs. plastic containers depended on plant variety, container type, and climate.
Humanin: Functional Interfaces with IGF-I

Humanin is the first newly discovered peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome in over three decades. It is the first member of a novel class of mitochondrial derived peptides. This small, 24 amino acid peptide was initially discovered to have neuroprotective effects and subsequent experiments have shown that it is beneficial in a diverse number of disease models including stroke, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Over a decade ago, our lab found that humanin bound IGFBP-3 and more recent studies have found it to decrease circulating IGF-I levels. In turn, IGF-I also seems to regulate humanin levels and in this review, we cover the known interaction between humanin and IGF-I. Although the exact mechanism for how humanin and IGF-I regulate each other still needs to be elucidated, it is clear that humanin is a new player in IGF-I signaling.
Photoelastic studies of the two-dimensional dynamic stress-optic law

Studies of the two-dimensional dynamic stress-optic law were made using Castolite circular disks under diametral impact load. The dynamic stress-fringe relationship of Castolite was found to be approximately linear. The dynamic fringe values were slightly lower than the static values. In four of the five specimens used the maximum difference was 8.2 percent. Previous work on the dynamic stress-optic calibration was limited to cases of one-dimensional stress.
The effects of climate downscaling technique and observational data set on modeled ecological responses

Assessments of future climate change impacts on ecosystems typically rely on multiple climate model projections, but often utilize only one downscaling approach trained on one set of observations. Here, we explore the extent to which modeled biogeochemical responses to changing climate are affected by the selection of the climate downscaling method and training observations used at the montane landscape of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We evaluated three downscaling methods: the delta method (or the change factor method), monthly quantile mapping (Bias Correction-Spatial Disaggregation, or BCSD), and daily quantile regression (Asynchronous Regional Regression Model, or ARRM). Additionally, we trained outputs from four atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) (CCSM3, HadCM3, PCM, and GFDL-CM2.1) driven by higher (A1fi) and lower (B1) future emissions scenarios on two sets of observations (1/8o resolution grid vs. individual weather station) to generate the high-resolution climate input for the forest biogeochemical model PnET-BGC (eight ensembles of six runs).The choice of downscaling approach and spatial resolution of the observations used to train the downscaling model impacted modeled soil moisture and streamflow, which in turn affected forest growth, net N mineralization, net soil nitrification, and stream chemistry. All three downscaling methods were highly sensitive to the observations used, resulting in projections that were significantly different between station-based and grid-based observations. The choice of downscaling method also slightly affected the results, however not as much as the choice of observations. Using spatially smoothed gridded observations and/or methods that do not resolve sub-monthly shifts in the distribution of temperature and/or precipitation can produce biased results in model applications run at greater temporal and/or spatial resolutions. These results underscore the importance of carefully considering field observations used for training, as well as the downscaling method used to generate climate change projections, for smaller-scale modeling studies. Different sources of variability including selection of AOGCM, emissions scenario, downscaling technique, and data used for training downscaling models, result in a wide range of projected forest ecosystem responses to future climate change.
Investigation of mental health and needs on acute myocardial infarction patients

Objective: To investigate the mental health and needs on acute myocardial infarcticn.Methods: Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined by SCL-90,SDS,SAS and the demand questions were made by ourselves.Results:The marks of somatization,anxieties,depression and psychosis were higher than the norm notably,so were the SDS,SAS.Conclusion:Acute myocardial infarction patients have more psychological barriers,and the relevant prevention measures should be taken.
Supine sleep positioning in preterm and term infants after hospital discharge from 2000 to 2011.

Supine sleep positioning in preterm and term infants after hospital discharge from 2000 to 2011
Substance Use Profiles of Urban American Indian Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis.

ABSTRACTA growing majority of American Indian adolescents now live in cities and are at high risk of early and problematic substance use and its negative health effects. Objective: This study used latent class analysis to empirically derive heterogeneous patterns of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents, examined demographic correlates of the resulting latent classes, and tested for differences among the latent classes in other risk behavior and prosocial outcomes. Method: The study employed a representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade American Indian adolescents (n = 2,407) in public or charter schools in metropolitan areas of Arizona in 2012. Latent class analysis examined eight types of last 30 day substance use. Results: Four latent classes emerged: a large group of “nonusers” (69%); a substantial minority using alcohol, tobacco, and/or marijuana [ATM] (17%); a smaller group of polysubstance users consuming, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other illicit drugs, and prescription or ...
BCC stabilization and growth stress behavior in Ti/V multilayers

Abstract As the length scale decreases, materials can undergo size-dependent phase changes. This work explores the hcp to bcc Ti transformations in Ti/V multilayers of equal volume fraction. A series of Ti/V multilayers were sputter-deposited and revealed a transition at ~ 1 nm Ti. This length scale stability is explained through a series of in situ growth stress measurements that are correlated to the epitaxial orientation of the Ti and V growth directions with respect to each other within the multilayer. It was found the hcp Ti undergoes in-plane compression while bcc V undergoes in-plane tension. It is believed that the interplay of large misfit strain and the surface energy driven intermixing, quantified by atom probe tomography, contributes to the stabilization of bcc Ti.
Introduction to R

A language for data analysis and graphics. This definition of R was used by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in the title of their 1996 paper (Ihaka and Gentleman 1996) outlining their experience of designing and implementing the R software. It’s safe to say this remains the essence of what R is; however, it’s tough to encapsulate such a diverse programming language into a single phrase.
MgCl2/AlCl3 electrolytes for reversible Mg deposition/stripping: electrochemical conditioning or not?

To elucidate the discrepancy of electrochemical performance of inorganic MgCl2/AlCl3 electrolytes in ethereal solvents, we conducted a systematic study of MgCl2/AlCl3–DME electrolytes under different conditions. Under optimized conditions, the 1 : 1 MgCl2/AlCl3 electrolyte in vigorously dried 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) showed unprecedented performance regarding Mg deposition/stripping including reversibility (up to 100% CE), electrolyte conductivity (>8.5 mS cm−1), and anodic stability (3.5 V vs. Mg). We showed that water impurity could jeopardize the electrochemical performance of the electrolytes, and the adverse influence caused by water could be recovered through continuous cyclic voltammogram scans, previously known as electrochemical conditioning. The results indicate that the cause of the electrochemical conditioning in previous studies is attributed to the high water level present in electrolytes and highlights that it is critical to carefully control experimental conditions to yield reliable data for Mg electrolytes. A comprehensive discussion of coordination chemistry on MgCl2/AlCl3–DME electrolytes is also present.
A paleoseismic transect across the northwestern Basin and Range Province, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California, USA

We use new and existing data to compile a record of ∼18 latest Quaternary large-magnitude surface-rupturing earthquakes on 7 fault zones in the northwestern Basin and Range Province of northwestern Nevada and northeastern California. The most recent earthquake on all faults postdates the ca. 18–15 ka last glacial highstand of pluvial Lake Lahontan and other pluvial lakes in the region. These lacustrine data provide a window in which we calculate latest Quaternary vertical slip rates and compare them with rates of modern deformation in a global positioning system (GPS) transect spanning the region. Average vertical slip rates on these fault zones range from 0.1 to 0.8 mm/yr and total ∼2 mm/yr across a 265-km-wide transect from near Paradise Valley, Nevada, to the Warner Mountains in California. We converted vertical slip rates to horizontal extension rates using fault dips of 30°–60°, and then compared the extension rates to GPS-derived rates of modern (last 7–9 yr) deformation. Our preferred fault dip values (45°–55°) yield estimated long-term extension rates (1.3–1.9 mm/yr) that underestimate our modern rate (2.4 mm/yr) by ∼21%–46%. The most likely sources of this underestimate are geologically unrecognizable deformation from moderate-sized earthquakes and unaccounted-­for coseismic off-fault deformation from large surface-rupturing earthquakes. However, fault dip values of ≤40° yield long-term rates comparable to or greater than modern rates, so an alternative explanation is that fault dips are closer to 40° than our preferred values. We speculate that the large component of right-lateral shear apparent in the GPS signal is partitioned on faults with primary strike-slip displacement, such as the Long Valley fault zone, and as not easily detected oblique slip on favorably oriented normal faults in the region.