cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of the Low-Lying States of 39 Cl via the Reaction 37 Cl(t,pγ) 39 Cl

A Ge(Li) detector was used to measure $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transitions in $^{39}\mathrm{Cl}$ via proton-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence studies in the $^{37}\mathrm{Cl}(t,p\ensuremath{\gamma})^{39}\mathrm{Cl}$ reaction at ${E}_{t}=3.4$ MeV. Measurements were carried out with the proton detector centered at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray detector at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the beam. Excitation energies and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray branching ratios were determined for the first 14 levels of $^{39}\mathrm{Cl}$. The mean lives of these $^{39}\mathrm{Cl}$ states were deduced from the Doppler-shift attenuations observed in the primary transitions. The excitation energies (in keV) and mean lives (in psec) resulting from these measurements are as follows: 396 (g 2.0), 1301 (g 3.0), 1695 (${1.1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.5}^{+1.4}$), 1722 (0.44 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.09), 1745 (1.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.4), 1786 (g2.0), 2061 (0.05), 2238 (0.08 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04), 2424 (g1.8), 2490 (0.10 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05), 2586 (0.3), 2835 (g1.8), 3116 (0.21 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06), and 3534 (0.2).
Validating a grid-based Boltzmann solver for nuclear medicine applications in homogeneous and heterogeneous materials for voxel-based absorbed doses

542 Objectives In radiation oncology, deterministic methods of radiation transport have been translated into clinical practice. Here we investigated a deterministic grid-based Boltzmann solver (GBBS) for NM absorbed dose calculations in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Methods Voxel-S-values were calculated for monoenergetic β and γ (1, 0.1, 0.01 MeV), 90Y, and 131I for 3 mm voxels using Monte Carlo (MC, DOSXYZnrc) and GBBS (Attila v8.0.0) with infinite slabs of soft-tissue (S, ρ =1.04 g/cc), lung (L, ρ=0.26 g/cc), and bone (B, ρ = 1.85 g/cc). Heterogeneity was evaluated by performing simulations with a single source voxel at an interface; we investigated S→L, L→S, S→B, and B→S where the first material represented the source voxel material. We report the percent difference (%Δ) of GBBS from MC (gold-standard) in the source voxel for uniform media, and the source voxel and adjacent voxel across interface for the heterogeneous media. Radial plots of voxel-S-values comparing GBBS with MC were made for the uniform media. For heterogeneity simulations, radial plots of voxel-S-values for each plane on either side of the interface were generated to compare GBBS and MC. Results %Δ in S, L, and B absorbed doses between GBBS and MC ranged from -6.4 to -3.3 for 1 MeV β, -8.1 to -7.5 for 0.1 MeV β, -13.6 to -13.4 for 0.01 MeV β, -5.5 to -4.5 for 90Y β, -9.7 to -6.6 for 131I β, -7.1 to -6.6 for 1MeV γ, -9.8 to -9.1 for 0.1MeV γ, -19.6 to -15.2 for 0.01MeV γ, -13.6 to -7.3 for 131I γ. For the interface simulations the %Δ in the source voxel and adjacent voxel in other material were similar in magnitude to those observed in uniform media. Radial plots for both the uniform and interface planes showed that GBBS and MC were in good agreement. Conclusions GBBS can generate absorbed dose maps in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media with clinically acceptable uncertainties. GBBS has the potential for faster computation and radionuclide-specific optimizations. Research Support NIH/NCI R01CA138986
Exosomes may play a crucial role in HIV dendritic cell immunotherapy

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that infects cells of the immune system, resulting in cell death and loss of cell-mediated immunity. When the number of immune cells drops below a critical population, HIV can result in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), wherein opportunistic infections and cancers flourish in the absence of immune surveillance. Worldwide, there are over 30 million people infected with HIV, resulting in a significant global health burden (1). The current standard of care for HIV is combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and while this effectively prevents disease progression and death, treatment must be continued for the rest of the patient’s life (2). Therefore, new therapies that can eradicate and prevent the disease are a crucial area of research in global health.
TAMeless traitors: macrophages in cancer progression and metastasis

Macrophages are conventionally classified into M1 and M2 subtypes according to their differentiation status and functional role in the immune system. However, accumulating evidence suggests that this binary classification system is insufficient to account for the remarkable plasticity of macrophages that gives rise to an immense diversity of subtypes. This diverse spectrum of macrophage subtypes play critical roles in various homeostatic and immune functions, but remain far from being fully characterised. In addition to their roles in normal physiological conditions, macrophages also play crucial roles in disease conditions such as cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play in regulating different steps of tumour progression and metastasis, and the opportunities to target them in the quest for cancer prevention and treatment.
Association Between Physicians’ Experiences With Members of Their Social Network and Efforts to Reduce Breast Cancer Screening

Helping clinicians reflect on how their experiences influence their current screening patterns may be an important approach to improving their adherence to revised breast cancer screening guidelines.
Insulin Receptor Plasma Membrane Levels Increased by the Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1

The insulin receptor (IR) is a ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinase that has a key role in metabolism, cellular survival, and proliferation. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) promotes cellular signaling via receptor trafficking and is essential for some elements of tumor growth and metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrate that PGRMC1 coprecipitates with IR. Furthermore, we show that PGRMC1 increases plasma membrane IR levels in multiple cell lines and decreases insulin binding at the cell surface. The findings have therapeutic applications because a small-molecule PGRMC1 ligand, AG205, also decreases plasma membrane IR levels. However, PGRMC1 knockdown via short hairpin RNA expression and AG205 treatment potentiated insulin-mediated phosphorylation of the IR signaling mediator AKT. Finally, PGRMC1 also increased plasma membrane levels of two key glucose transporters, GLUT-4 and GLUT-1. Our data support a role for PGRMC1 maintaining plasma membrane pools of the receptor, modulating IR signaling and function.
Ridge approximation and dimension reduction for an acoustic scattering model

Problems in uncertainty quantification (UQ) suffer from the curse of dimensionality. One approach to address this issue is to identify and exploit low-dimensional structure in the underlying model. In this paper, we show that low-dimensional active subspaces are not present in a particular model arising from acoustic scattering. This suggests that UQ techniques based on active subspaces are not appropriate for this problem.
The Effect of the Tricritical Region on the Smectic A — Smectic C Transition

So far all the available heat capacity data on the smectic A — smectic C (SmA-SmC) transition of various liquid crystal compounds show a mean-field jump at the transition temperature Tc. with no critical fluctuations above Tc. A Landau free energy including a Ψ6 term has been proposed by the authors. The singular part of the heat capacity derived from this free energy gives an excellent fit to our heat capacity data of one liquid crystal compound. Our result suggests that the mean-field-like SmA-SmC transition is very close to a mean-field tricritical point. Here we will explicitly demonstrate that the crossover behavior between the mean-field and the tricritical region is one of the major sources of discrepancy among measured critical exponents associated with the SmC order parameter.
It’s Not Just about Accuracy: Metrics That Matter When Modeling Expert Sketching Ability

Design sketching is an important skill for designers, engineers, and creative professionals, as it allows them to express their ideas and concepts in a visual medium. Being a critical and versatile skill for many different disciplines, courses on design sketching are often taught in universities. Courses today predominately rely on pen and paper; however, this traditional pedagogy is limited by the availability of human instructors, who can provide personalized feedback. Using a stylus-based intelligent tutoring system called SketchTivity, we aim to eventually mimic the feedback given by an instructor and assess student-drawn sketches to give students insight into areas for improvement. To provide effective feedback to users, it is important to identify what aspects of their sketches they should work on to improve their sketching ability. After consulting with several domain experts in sketching, we came up with several classes of features that could potentially differentiate expert and novice sketches. Because improvement on one metric, such as speed, may result in a decrease in another metric, such as accuracy, the creation of a single score may not mean much to the user. We attempted to create a single internal score that represents overall drawing skill so that the system can track improvement over time and found that this score correlates highly with expert rankings. We gathered over 2,000 sketches from 20 novices and four experts for analysis. We identified key metrics for quality assessment that were shown to significantly correlate with the quality of expert sketches and provide insight into providing intelligent user feedback in the future.
BBK* (Branch and Bound Over K*): A Provable and Efficient Ensemble-Based Protein Design Algorithm to Optimize Stability and Binding Affinity Over Large Sequence Spaces

Computational protein design (CPD) algorithms that compute binding affinity, Ka, search for sequences with an energetically favorable free energy of binding. Recent work shows that three principles improve the biological accuracy of CPD: ensemble-based design, continuous flexibility of backbone and side-chain conformations, and provable guarantees of accuracy with respect to the input. However, previous methods that use all three design principles are single-sequence (SS) algorithms, which are very costly: linear in the number of sequences and thus exponential in the number of simultaneously mutable residues. To address this computational challenge, we introduce BBK*, a new CPD algorithm whose key innovation is the multisequence (MS) bound: BBK* efficiently computes a single provable upper bound to approximate Ka for a combinatorial number of sequences, and avoids SS computation for all provably suboptimal sequences. Thus, to our knowledge, BBK* is the first provable, ensemble-based CPD algorithm to run in time sublinear in the number of sequences. Computational experiments on 204 protein design problems show that BBK* finds the tightest binding sequences while approximating Ka for up to 105-fold fewer sequences than the previous state-of-the-art algorithms, which require exhaustive enumeration of sequences. Furthermore, for 51 protein-ligand design problems, BBK* provably approximates Ka up to 1982-fold faster than the previous state-of-the-art iMinDEE/[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] algorithm. Therefore, BBK* not only accelerates protein designs that are possible with previous provable algorithms, but also efficiently performs designs that are too large for previous methods.
Do immune-related adverse effects predict better outcomes in lung cancer?

e15067Background: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (IO) produce an unusual pattern of side effects not seen with traditional treatment. Such immune-related adverse events (irAE) occur in many treatment...
Spinal motor neurons and motor function in older adults

This study examined the relation between lumbar spinal motor neuron (SMN) indices and motor function proximate to death in community-dwelling older adults. Older adults (N = 145) participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project underwent structured clinical testing proximate to death and brain and spinal cord autopsy at time of death. Ten motor performances were summarized by a composite global motor score. Choline acetyltransferase immunostaining was used to identify spinal motor neurons of the L4/5 segment. SMN counts and area and ventral horn area were collected. Linear regression modeling showed that the association of SMN counts and density with global motor scores proximate to death varied with sex. Separate models in men and women showed that this significant interaction was due to the association of higher SMN counts and density with higher global motor scores proximate to death in men but not women. These associations were unchanged when we controlled for indices of brain pathologies or chronic health conditions. In 38 cases with counts of activated microglia available, higher counts of activated microglia were associated with lower SMN counts. Activated spinal microglia and loss of spinal motor neurons may contribute to motor impairments in older men.
Animal Research on Campus: Reflections on My Experience in the Field

In this essay, I discuss my experience as a member of my university’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Using Blum’s (2016) model of experiential learning (or “learning in the wi...
Herbert Simon’s Forgotten Legacy for Improving Decision Processes

Public administration scholarship could benefit from a return to its Simonean roots for distinctively managerial insights about decision processes. Though Simon is often juxtaposed with Dwight Wald...
Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications

The telegraph and the telephone were the first electrical communications networks to become hallmarks of modernity. Yet they were not initially expected to achieve universal accessibility. In this pioneering history of their evolution, Richard R. John demonstrates how access to these networks was determined not only by technological imperatives and economic incentives but also by political decision making at the federal, state, and municipal levels. In the decades between the Civil War and the First World War, Western Union and the Bell System emerged as the dominant providers for the telegraph and telephone. Both operated networks that were products not only of technology and economics but also of a distinctive political economy. Western Union arose in an antimonopolistic political economy that glorified equal rights and vilified special privilege. The Bell System flourished in a progressive political economy that idealized public utility and disparaged unnecessary waste. The popularization of the telegraph and the telephone was opposed by business lobbies that were intent on perpetuating specialty services. In fact, it wasn't until 1900 that the civic ideal of mass access trumped the elitist ideal of exclusivity in shaping the commercialization of the telephone. The telegraph did not become widely accessible until 1910, sixty-five years after the first fee-for-service telegraph line opened in 1845. "Network Nation" places the history of telecommunications within the broader context of American politics, business, and discourse. This engrossing and provocative book persuades us of the critical role of political economy in the development of new technologies and their implementation.
Research on “The Great Debate”: Code-Oriented Versus Whole Language Approaches to Reading Instruction

The “Great Debate” over code emphasis versus meaning emphasis in beginning reading instruction is reviewed and relevant research is presented. That research clearly favors explicit instruction in a...
LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE VERSUS INTRA AORTIC BALLOON PUMP IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS

There has been an increase in the prevalence of high-risk patients undergoing PCI (HR-PCI), defined by the SCAI/ACC/HFSA consensus statement of 2015. Left Ventricular assist devices (LVAD) & intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) improve cardiac output by augmenting forward flow & by decreasing afterload
Do college science laboratory courses inherit the gender gap from lecture courses

Abstract Gender achievement gap has been reported in college math and science courses. One countermeasure is to introduce interactive activities that promote in-class collaboration. A survey of the General Chemistry Laboratory (Gen Chem Lab) courses at a large public university indicates that the likelihood of female students to select the chemistry laboratory courses is higher than that of male students even though female students are still less likely to major in chemistry. And both female and male students have been found to perform better on the parts of the Gen Chem Lab courses that allow in-lab discussion than they do on the closed-book quizzes and exams. Overall, no gender achievement difference is observed in the Gen Chem Lab courses.
Interprofessional Collaboration and Telehealth: Useful Strategies for Family Counselors in Rural and Underserved Areas:

Families and children in rural areas are at a greater risk for poor health outcomes because of inaccessible health care systems. The barriers that limit access are noted as cost of health care, acc...
Increased complications in pediatric patients with non-idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis compared to syndromic and congenital scoliosis

Purpose: Non-idiopathic scoliosis encompasses a group of diagnoses including neuromuscular, syndromic, and congenital scoliosis. Neuromuscular scoliosis includes conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy. Syndromic scoliosis patients are those with Marfan’s Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and DiGeorge Syndrome. Congenital Scoliosis are patients with a congenitally malformed vertebra. It is known that those with neuromuscular scoliosis have increased complications in comparison to those with idiopathic scoliosis. However, patients diagnosed with syndromic …
Modification of Ionizing Radiation Damage to Cellular DNA by Factors Affecting Chromatin Structure

The radiosensitivity of DNA within the cell nucleus is greatly affected by its environment. Histones are major radioprotectors of chromatin against formation of single- or double-strand breaks (DSB), but not against DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC), lesions that form preferentially between nuclear matrix-associated DNA and matrix proteins rather than histones. Copper ion, which strengthens associations between matrix proteins and attached DNA, enhances the formation of DPC by radiation and, through matrix site-specific radical generation, cuts DNA to give chromosomal loop-sized DNA fragments in isolated nuclei or nucleoids. DNA radiosensitivity can also be modified by the polyamine spermine, which compacts DNA and thereby protects DNA and exposed regions of histone-depleted chromatin, but not histone-replete chromatin, against DSB formation. In contrast, DPC formation is suppressed by very low concentrations of spermine or putrescine, suggesting preferential protection of nuclear matrix sites. Transcriptionally active gene domains are transiently relaxed through core histone hyperacetylation by histone acetylases and deacetylases. Earlier reports by Bohm and Leith demonstrated radiosensitization of mammalian cells and DNA by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate. Using a new, more specific histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), we have revisited the question of radiosensitization through histone hyperacetylation. Treatment of cells with butyrate (5 or 10 mM for 16 h) or TSA (1 μM for 4-6 h) resulted in hyperacetylation of core histones. With 10 mM butyrate, radiosensitization was confirmed; with TSA, however, radiosensitization required exposure of cells for >8 h. Butyrate, but not TSA, markedly elevated the yield of DSB. However, rejoining of DSB induced by 60 Gy was accelerated in cells treated with either of the inhibitors, and this occurred mainly during the early phase of the rejoining process. We hypothesize that the accelerated repair may result in misrejoining of DSB and contribute to the radiosensitization of cell killing in the presence of histone hyperacetylation.
Spillover of Early Extubation Practices From the Pediatric Heart Network Collaborative Learning Study

Objectives The Pediatric Heart Network Collaborative Learning Study used collaborative learning strategies to implement a clinical practice guideline that increased rates of early extubation after infant repair of tetralogy of Fallot and coarctation of the aorta. We assessed early extubation rates for infants undergoing cardiac surgeries not targeted by the clinical practice guideline to determine whether changes in extubation practices spilled over to care of other infants. Design Observational analyses of site's local Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database and Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium Registry. Setting Four Pediatric Heart Network Collaborative Learning Study active-site hospitals. Patients Infants undergoing ventricular septal defect repair, atrioventricular septal defect repair, or superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (lower complexity), and arterial switch operation or isolated aortopulmonary shunt (higher complexity). Interventions None. Measurements and main results Aggregate outcomes were compared between the 12 month pre-clinical practice guideline and 12 months after study completion (Follow Up). In infants undergoing lower complexity surgeries, early extubation increased during Follow Up compared with Pre-Clinical Practice Guideline (30.2% vs 18.8%, p = 0.006), and hours to initial postoperative extubation decreased. We observed variation in these outcomes by surgery type, with only ventricular septal defect repair associated with a significant increase in early extubation during Follow Up compared with Pre-Clinical Practice Guideline (47% vs 26%, p = 0.006). Variation by study site was also seen, with only one hospital showing an increase in early extubation. In patients undergoing higher complexity surgeries, there was no difference in early extubation or hours to initial extubation between the study eras. Conclusions We observed spillover of extubation practices promoted by the Collaborative Learning Study clinical practice guideline to lower complexity operations not included in the original study that was sustainable 1 year after study completion, though this effect differed across sites and operation subtypes. No changes in postoperative extubation outcomes following higher complexity surgeries were seen. The significant variation in outcomes by site suggests that center-specific factors may have influenced spillover of clinical practice guideline practices.
“He was poking holes …” A case study on figuring out metadiscursive rules through primary sources

Abstract An important aspect of participation in a new academic discourse pertains to the metadiscursive rules which govern that discourse. Researchers have documented the viability of using primary sources in undergraduate mathematics education for scaffolding students’ recognition of those rules. Our research explores the related question of whether the use of primary sources can support students’ learning of metadiscursive rules in a way that goes beyond mere recognition. We present a case study of one student’s “figuring out” of metadiscursive rules in a university Analysis course as a result of her experience with a Primary Source Project, illustrate evidence for three dimensions of “figuring out” (adoption, acceptance, awareness) that emerged from that case study, and discuss the implications of our findings for classroom instruction and future research.
Comparing Mask R-CNN and U-Net architectures for robust automatic segmentation of immune cells in immunofluorescence images of Lupus Nephritis biopsies

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, systemic autoimmune disease with many clinical presentations including lupus nephritis (LuN), or chronic inflammation of the kidneys. Current therapies for SLE are only modestly effective, highlighting the need to better understand networks of immune cells in SLE and LuN. In this work, we assess the performance of two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures –Mask R-CNN and U-Net— in the task of instance segmentation of 5 immune-cell classes in 31 LuN biopsies. Each biopsy was stained for myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), B cells, and two populations of T cells, then imaged on a Leica SP8 fluorescence confocal microscope. Two instances of Mask R-CNN were trained on manually segmented images—one on lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), and one on DCs (pDCs and mDCs)—resulting in an average network sensitivities of 0.88 ± 0.04 and 0.82 ± 0.03, respectively. Five U-Nets, one for each of the five individual cell classes, were trained resulting in an average sensitivity of 0.85 ± 0.09 across all cell classes. Mask R-CNN yielded fewer false positives for all cell classes, with an average precision of 0.76 ± 0.03 compared to the U-Net object-level average precision of 0.43 ± 0.12. Overall, Mask R-CNN was more robust than the U-Net for segmenting cells in immunofluorescence images of kidney biopsies from lupus nephritis patients.
Association of homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer with neoantigen load and expression of immune checkpoints.

5536Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is being explored as a treatment option in ovarian cancer, but objective response rates for single agent ICB are modest at around 10-15%. Validated ...
Tuning Negative Capacitance in Pb Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 / Sr Ti O 3 Heterostructures via Layer Thickness Ratio

In this work, we exploit the ferroelectric-dielectric layer thickness ratio r as an effective tuning parameter to control the ferroelectric polarization and transient negative capacitance (NC) state in epitaxial ${\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}/{\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayer heterostructures. The remnant polarization decreases monotonically with decreasing r, with the system exhibiting an abrupt transition from ferroelectric to dielectric dominated behavior at a critical ratio ${r}_{c}$ of 8 to 7, which is consistent with the evolution of the free-energy profile modeled via Landau theory. For samples with large r, the polarization switching dynamics during the transient NC regime can be well described by the nucleation and growth model, with the narrow distribution of the characteristic switching time (${t}_{0}$) pointing to a domain-wall-motion-limited behavior. Right below ${r}_{c}$, we observe a significantly broadened distribution of ${t}_{0}$, which can be attributed to the emergence of a multidomain state. The transient NC mode is quenched in samples with r 6, confirming that the ferroelectric order is suppressed. Our study provides critical information for optimizing the materials design for complex oxide-based NC transistors, paving the path for their application in low-power nanoelectronics.
Deep Neural Network Classification of In Vivo Burn injuries with Different Etiologies Using THz Time-Domain Spectral Imaging

Patients arrive in burn centers with many etiologies of burn incidence (such as scald, contact, flame, steam, etc.). Treatment of these injuries depends on the burn depth and surface area of these burns. Moreover, earlier diagnosis and treatment of these burns lead to better patient outcomes. In this study, we show that THz-TDS imaging with a neural network classification algorithm can reproducibly classify burns, independent of their etiology, with an ROC-AUC of 88% in a porcine model.
Influence of Mating Structure on Agronomic Performance, Chip Fry Color, and Genetic Distance Among Biparental Tetraploid Families

The impact of mating structure on progeny performance is not routinely analyzed in potato breeding programs, despite the importance of choosing parental lines. Varying degrees of assortative and disassortative mating can have a significant effect on the agronomic performance and cold chipping ability of potato breeding clones. A disassortative mating strategy of crossing parents from different market types can incorporate commercially relevant traits into a market class which lacked that trait. Here we report the effect of mating structure in three breeding families created from parental lines from different market classes, within the same market class, and from self-pollination. Disassortative mating structure produced clones with increased yield and tuber size while assortative mating produced clones with improved cold-storage chipping ability. Inbreeding depression was observed for yield, tuber traits, and chip color in the selfed progeny. Chip color in a russet type clone was improved through crossing with an elite chipping parent, demonstrating a viable method for improving russet processing quality. Mating structure explained a significant proportion of phenotypic variance for yield, tuber, and chipping traits across the three families. Discriminant analysis of principal components and genetic distance based on SNP markers from the SolCAP project were able to discriminate among family types and were informative about the relative diversity generated from each particular cross. A number of promising genotypes from both the russet × chipper family and the chipper × chipper families were identified which outperformed parental varieties for chip color and tuber size.
Predicting Which Patients Will Benefit From Palliative Care : Use of Bundles, Triggers, and Protocols

Intensive care units provide a wide range of care to patients with serious or life-threatening conditions. This care provides excellent state-of-the-art interventions, often concentrated on meeting national health priorities and performance measures. Overall patient care and the resultant outcomes in the intensive care unit are superb. However, one area that needs improvement is the provision of high-quality palliative care (PC) and end-of-life care. Many providers and administrators now realize implementing PC in the critical care setting is vital to optimal patient outcomes. PC improves patient and family satisfaction and quality of life, reduces length of stay and 30-day readmission rates, and patients can live longer with PC.
Structural connectivity abnormality in children with acute mild traumatic brain injury using graph theoretical analysis.

The traumatic biomechanical forces associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically impart diffuse, as opposed to focal, brain injury potentially disrupting the structural connectivity between neural networks. Graph theoretical analysis using diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess injury-related differences in structural connectivity between 23 children (age 11–16 years) with mTBI and 20 age-matched children with isolated orthopedic injuries (OI) scanned within 96 h postinjury. The distribution of hub regions and the associations between alterations in regional network measures and symptom burden, as assessed by the postconcussion symptom scale score (PCSS), were also examined. In comparison to the OI group, the mTBI group was found to have significantly higher small-worldness (P < 0.0001), higher normalized clustering coefficients (P < 0.0001), higher normalized characteristic path length (P = 0.007), higher modularity (P = 0.0005), and lower global efficiency (P < 0.0001). A series of hub regions in the mTBI group were found to have significant alterations in regional network measures including nodal degree, nodal clustering coefficient, and nodal between-ness centrality. Correlation analysis showed that PCSS total score acquired at the time of imaging was significantly associated with the nodal degree of two hubs, the superior frontal gyrus at orbital section and the middle frontal gyrus. These findings provide new evidence of acute white matter alteration at both global and regional network level following mTBI in children furthering our understanding of underlying mechanisms of acute neurological insult associated with mTBI. Hum Brain Mapp 36:779–792, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of Monoclonal Antibody Supernatant and Ascites Fluid

Procedures detailing the production of monoclonal antibody supernatants, including the production of larger amounts (liters) are presented in this unit. An alternate protocol for large-scale production of hybridomas or cells (e.g., for isolation of cellular proteins) involves a similar procedure. A method for producing and obtaining ascites fluid containing the monoclonal antibody is also presented.
Interaction between subsystems of a power system

The linearized model of a large dynamic system can be broken into subsystems which are easier to compute and understand, and then the interactions of the subsystem eigenvalues when the subsystems are interconnected can be studied. Of particular interest are those cases where the subsystem eigenvalues are all stable while the total system eigenvalues show an instability. A subsynchronous resonance problem is used as an example of this approach. Two machines and the electrical network form three subsystems which are stable. However, the total system is unstable. Using sensitivities or participation factors from the subdivided system, the critical eigenvalues in each subsystem which cause the instability are identified. One interesting result is that the eigenvalues that interact are not the eigenvalues that would have been expected from the classical understanding of this problem.
Detectors for ground-based reception of laser communications from Mars

Ground-based receivers at Earth require single photon counting detectors with 30% photo-detection efficiency (PDE) at 1.06-/spl mu/m, for optical communications from deep space. Design drivers and detector selection criteria are discussed.
Generating Video Textures by PPCA and Gaussian Process Dynamical Model

Video texture is a new type of medium which can provide a continuous, infinitely varying stream of video images from a recorded video clip. It can be synthesized by rearranging the order of frames based on the similarities between all pairs of frames. In this paper, we propose a new method for generating video textures by implementing probabilistic principal components analysis (PPCA) and Gaussian Process Dynamical model (GPDM). Compared to the original video texture technique, video texture synthesized by PPCA and GPDM has the following advantages: it might generate new video frames that have never existed in the input video clip before; the problem of "dead-end" is totally avoided; it could also provide video textures that are more robust to noise.
Thiophene hydrodesulfurization over transition metal surfaces: Structure insensitive over molybdenum and structure sensitive over rhenium

In this note the authors present results of thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) experiments over molybdenum and rhenium single crystals. Previous work in their laboratory showed that a Mo(100) single crystal catalyzes thiophene HDS and that the product distribution is similar to the distribution obtained over an unsupported molybdenum disulfide (MoS/sub 2/) catalyst. The similarity of these results suggests that by determining the effects of surface structure and adsorbate overlayers (C, S) on thiophene HDS over molybdenum single crystals, one can gain insight about the nature of the active sites on MoS/sub 2/-based catalysts. This led the authors to expand studies to molybdenum single crystals of different surface orientations. They have also begun to investigate thiophene HDS over rhenium single crystals; rhenium disulfide (ReS/sub 2/) has been shown to be a more active HDS catalyst than MoS/sub 2/.
Attachment in older adulthood: concept clarification.

Aims. This paper is an analysis to clarify the concept of attachment by: (1) specifying the antecedents of attachment in older adulthood, (2) describing the defining or critical attributes of attachment as relevant for development beyond adulthood, including older adulthood and old age, and (3) specifying the consequences of attachment in older adulthood. Background. Attachment is a concept that has been studied both within and outside the discipline of nursing. Most of the scholarly work on the concept has involved investigations of the concept as it applies at very early developmental phases of the lifespan. Despite this concentration of effort on the concept in childhood, theorists have consistently called for attention to the concept in adulthood and older adulthood to advance our understanding of how such close and supportive relationships relate to health. Results. Antecedents of attachment behaviour include any number of fear-provoking or challenging situations, as well as interactions that involve conflict. Illnesses commonly have these characteristics and so are broadly included as antecedents. Defining attributes of attachment behaviour include three distinct behaviours: (1) proximity, or keeping to one or more ‘preferred others’, (2) protest following involuntary and perceived permanent separation from a preferred other and, (3) the presence of a secure base, viewed as necessary for developmental exploration and growth. Consequences include environmental interaction secure in the belief that a safe haven exists should reliable clues to danger present themselves, and the mobilization of personal and interpersonal assets called developmental resources. Conclusions. Nursing implications include the ability of nurses to intervene positively with older clients who may be experiencing age-related transitions that affect health. Knowledge about attachment will help nurses mediate the potentially negative impact of health transitions on developmental tasks and promote high-level wellness and successful ageing.
Effects of Residential Treatment Centers for Adolescents on Community Stability and Safety

This study investigated the effects of residential treatment centers (RTCs) for adolescents on community stability and safety. Ten RTCs that provided care for teenage boys and girls—excluding those with known criminal, drug, or sexual problems—were selected for the study. Assessment of the impacts of these RTCs was conducted by interviewing realtors, sheriff's offices, and planning and zoning offices close to the RTCs. Results indicated that the RTCs had no major, adverse impacts on community stability or safety.
Pattern Recognition in Hyperspectral Imagery Using Spectral JTC

Pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery is a challenging problem due to the minute nature of the target signature and the requirement to process huge amount of data. In this paper, we investigate the recent trends and advancements in joint transform correlation (JTC) based pattern recognition in hyperspectral imagery. In particular, we investigate the application of spectral fringe-adjusted JTC for efficient target recognition in hyperspectral imagery. Techniques for eliminating false target detection, minimizing effects of noise and other artifacts are considered. The performance of the spectral fringe-adjusted JTC has been compared with the existing techniques by generating ROC curves using real life hyperspectral datasets.
Indirect phonon mediated adatom-adatom interaction

Abstract A formalism has been developed in which the indirect phonon mediated interactions between adatoms on a surface are given in terms of the lattice dynamics of the surface. Detailed results are presented for the interaction between pairs of As-As dimers on the unreconstructed Si(100) surface and between H adatoms on the reconstructed W(100) surface.
’’It‘s Just a Matter of Common Sense‘‘: Ethnography as Invisible Work

Anthropologists have been using ethnographic methods since the 1970s to support the design and evaluation of software. While early use of such skills in the design world was viewed as experimental, at least by computer scientists and engineers, ethnography has now become established as a useful skill in technology design. Not only are corporations and research laboratories employing anthropologists to take part in the development process, but growing numbers of non-anthropologists are attempting to borrow ethnographic techniques. The results of this appropriation have brought out into the open a kind of paradox: while ethnography looks and sounds straightforward, this is not really the case. The work of untrained ethnographers tends to overlook things that anthropologists see as important parts of the research process. The consistency of this pattern suggests that some aspects of ethnographic fieldwork are invisible to the untrained eye. In short, ethnography would appear to constitute an example of invisible work. Drawing on my own decade of experience as an anthropologist working in design, I attempt to clarify the nature of ethnographic expertise, describe six misconceptions about ethnography that I have encountered among scientists, and present real-life examples to illustrate why quasi-ethnographic work based on these misconceptions is likely to be superficial and unreliable.
Nonsteady sink and source in a rotating fluid

Abstract The effect of the Coriolis force on the nonsteady two-dimensional sink or source flow has been studied theoretically. With the assumptions of incompressibility and invisddity of fluid, the equations governing the flow are still non-linear. However, a set of analytical and exact solutions is obtained for the velocity and pressure distributions. The result shows that no significant vortex flow can be induced by a source flow, the circulation produced there mainly is because the observer is moving with the rotating system; however, a sink will always induce a vortex, the strength of circulation in the sink flow is simply in proportion to the rotating speed of the system and the time integrated sink strength. As the system is under a constant rotating speed, the circulation will vanish only when the time integrated sink strength vanishes. Several special cases of sink strength are examined and their results are presented in this paper. The purpose of this study is mainly to relate the strength of circulation with the strength of sink and source. Consequently, it- can be applied to the weather forecast for hurricanes or tornadoes.
Nondecreasing paths in a weighted graph or: How to optimally read a train schedule

A travel booking office has timetables giving arrival and departure times for all scheduled trains, including their origins and destinations. A customer presents a starting station and demands a route with perhaps several train connections taking him to his destination as early as possible. The booking office must find the best route for its customers. This problem was first considered in the theory of algorithms by Minty [1958], who reduced it to a problem on directed edge-weighted graphs: find a path from a given source to a given target such that the consecutive weights on the path are nondecreasing and the last weight on the path is minimized. Minty gave the first algorithm for the single-source version of the problem, in which one finds minimum last weight nondecreasing paths from the source to every other vertex. In this article we give the first linear-time algorithm for this problem in the word-RAM model of computation. We also define an all-pairs version for the problem and give a strongly polynomial truly subcubic algorithm for it. Finally, we discuss an extension of the problem in which one also has prices on trip segments and one wishes to find a cheapest valid itinerary.
Oral health and pediatricians: results of a national survey.

Objective Pediatricians have regular opportunities to perform screening dental examinations on young children and to educate families on preventive oral health. We sought to assess pediatricians' current attitudes and practices related to oral health of children 0–3 years old. Methods A Periodic Survey of Fellows, focused on oral health in pediatricians' office settings, was sent to 1618 postresidency fellows of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Results The response rate was 68%. More than 90% of pediatricians said that they should examine their patients' teeth for caries and educate families about preventive oral health. However, in practice, only 54% of pediatricians reported examining the teeth of more than half of their 0–3-year-old patients. Four percent of pediatricians regularly apply fluoride varnish. The most common barrier to participation in oral health–related activities in their practices was lack of training, which was cited by 41%. Less than 25% of pediatricians had received oral health education in medical school, residency, or continuing education. Most pediatricians (74%) reported that availability of dentists who accept Medicaid posed a moderate to severe barrier for 0–3-year-old Medicaid-insured patients to obtain dental care. Conclusions Pediatricians see it within their purview to educate families about preventive oral health and to assess for dental caries. However, many pediatricians reported barriers to fully implementing preventive oral health activities into their practices. Pediatricians and dentists need to work together to improve the quality of preventive oral health care available to all young children.
Non-linear Unstable Response Of Hanging Chains

Abstract A chain hanging under its own weight is the canonical system to study the transition from taut to low-tension chain behaviour. The three-dimensional non-linear dynamics of a hanging chain, driven harmonically from the top, demonstrate rich dynamic behaviour as a function of frequency and forcing level. The response may also result in catastrophic collapse at the lower end: the driving mechanism is the loss of tension near the lower end, when the response is dominated by large, impulse-like tension peaks. The subsequent behaviour is that of an impulsively loaded cable, characteristic of low tension lines.
A Case of Misinterpretation

Lewis Wolpert, in his review of my book Science, Truth, and Democracy (Books et al ., 25 Jan., p. [633][1]), attributes to me positions that I do not hold and then sometimes criticizes those positions using points I actually make. I address a few of the examples here. Wolpert says I seem “too