cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-E-T-218: Comprehensive Plan Integrity and Quality Check by Accessing Eclipse Planning Data Remotely Via a Novel Eclipse-API Client-Server Interface

Purpose: It is desirable to seamlessly and remotely access treatment plan data in Eclipse in order to allow sequential treatment planning and quality assurance automation, e.g. automatic plan quality check and comprehensive plan integrity check. The manual DICOM export function and the native Eclipse SQL interface cannot fully support the needs. Therefore we have developed a procedure and computer programs to enable access of Eclipse planning data remotely, and directly from Eclipse server, via Eclipse API, so to support such clinical software applications requiring advanced mathematics and extensive computation. Methods: A novel client-server interface was developed to allow external software programs to remotely and seamlessly access the Eclipse planning data using Eclipse-API from outside the Eclipse workstations. Remote (client) programs send requests as network socket messages to the server program running on an Eclipse workstation, and the server program uses Eclipse-API functions to access planning data, and sends data back to the client programs. Results: The Eclipse-API client-server interface were implemented and successfully tested in clinical settings. Comprehensive plan integrity and quality check programs, which were previously supporting Pinnacle TPS only, have been extended to support Eclipse and are executable on any network computer in the department independent of Eclipse installation. Advanced plan check features, e.g. IMRT optimization structure overlapping check, on-the-fly derivation of new structures in planning quality check, that were previously not possible in C# programs via Eclipse-API, have now been implemented, allowed by the inclusion of advanced mathematics packages e.g. MATLAB in the external programs. Conclusion: The new Eclipse-API client-server interface has enabled Eclipse data to be accessed remotely and seamlessly. It has the potential to significantly improve the comprehensiveness of third party software programs based on Eclipse-API for both clinical and research purposes, and would be useful to extend the Eclipse / ARIA ecosystem. This work was partially funded by Varian Medical System
Computation frames for strapdown inertial systems.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Thesis. 1968. M.S.
Squamous cell carcinoma in the ovary.

When the results of the smears or biopsies are compared to the incidence of Mycoplasmas (Ta- ble II), no significant differences are noted be- tween the study and control groups. In the severe d~plasia~ar~noma in situ group, a lack of posi- tive Mycopiasma cultures was apparent. Cultures from 28 patients were taken at two or three separate clinic visits over the 8 month testing period, and the results are shown in Table III, indicating consistency of positive or negative cul- ture recovery. Table IV illustrates the presence of Mycoplasmas in 39 of the dysplasia clinic pa- tients following either cryotherapy or conization treatment and also relates the cytology after treatment. The data obtained from cervical cultures for classical Mycoplasma and T-strain Mycoplasma from a dysplasia clinic population suggest no cor- relation between the positive cervical culture of these microorganisms and squamous cell dysplasia of the cervix. It is probable that Mycoplasma may not be implicated as one of the etiologic agents in cervical dysplasia. However, it is real- ized by the authors that the presence or absence of cultured Mycoplasma organisms does not rule out the possible previous oncogenic influence of these microorganisms.
The role of B lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity II. Delayed hypersensitivity induced by dinitrophenyl-ficoll in dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized guinea pigs.

Abstract Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-Ficoll will elicit typical delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in guinea pigs immunized with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). We observed that lymph node cells (LNC) from these animals produced the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor (MNL CTX) when stimulated by DNP-Ficoll in vitro . This response was antigen and hapten specific since LNC from nonimmune guinea pigs or those immunized with nonDNP containing antigens were not stimulated by DNP-Ficoll. Lymph node cells were fractionated into T- and B-cell-enriched populations to determine the nature of the DNP-Ficoll-responsive cell. Only the B-lymphocyte-enriched population produced MNL CTX in response to DNP-Ficoll. The purity of the B-cell population was demonstrated by its failure to respond to PHA and by the fact that B cells derived from DNP-although they could no longer respond without T-cell help to the T-dependent antigen, DNP-OVA. These findings suggest that the hapten-specific response of guinea pigs to DNP-Ficoll may be a form of B-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity.
Yield prognosis for fab-to-fab product migration

We investigate the utility of correlations between e-test and probe test measurements in predicting yield. Specifically, we first examine whether statistical methods can accurately predict parametric probe test yield as a function of e-test measurements within the same fab. Then, we investigate whether the e-test profile of a destination fab, in conjunction with the e-test and probe test profiles of a source fab, suffice for accurate yield prognosis during fab-to-fab product migration. Results using an industrial dataset of ∼3.5M devices from a 65nm Texas Instruments RF transceiver design fabricated in two different fabs reveal that (i) within-fab yield prediction error is in the range of a few tenths of a percentile point, and (ii) fab-to-fab yield prediction error is in the range of half a percentile point.
VARIX OF THE SIGMOID SINUS Persistent Emissary Veins

An infant of 5 months who had an extracranial varix of the sigmoid dural sinus is described. A correct preoperative diagnosis of the nature of mass was not made and the infant died during surgical exploration as a result of air embolism. The embryologic, diagnostic and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Caveolin-3 Overexpression Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Inhibition of T-type Ca2+ Current Modulated by Protein Kinase Cα in Cardiomyocytes

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by subcellular remodeling of the ventricular myocyte with a reduction in the scaffolding protein caveolin-3 (Cav-3), altered Ca2+ cycling, increased protein kinase C expression, and hyperactivation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling. However, the precise role of Cav-3 in the regulation of local Ca2+ signaling in pathological cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. We used cardiac-specific Cav-3-overexpressing mice and in vivo and in vitro cardiac hypertrophy models to determine the essential requirement for Cav-3 expression in protection against pharmacologically and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Transverse aortic constriction and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) infusion in wild type (WT) mice resulted in cardiac hypertrophy characterized by significant reduction in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and a reduced expression of Cav-3. In addition, association of PKCα and angiotensin-II receptor, type 1, with Cav-3 was disrupted in the hypertrophic ventricular myocytes. Whole cell patch clamp analysis demonstrated increased expression of T-type Ca2+ current (ICa, T) in hypertrophic ventricular myocytes. In contrast, the Cav-3-overexpressing mice demonstrated protection from transverse aortic constriction or Ang-II-induced pathological hypertrophy with inhibition of ICa, T and intact Cav-3-associated macromolecular signaling complexes. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cav-3 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes resulted in enhanced Ang-II stimulation of ICa, T mediated by PKCα, which caused nuclear translocation of NFAT. Overexpression of Cav-3 in neonatal myocytes prevented a PKCα-mediated increase in ICa, T and nuclear translocation of NFAT. In conclusion, we show that stable Cav-3 expression is essential for protecting the signaling mechanisms in pharmacologically and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Testability and test architectures

The authors define testability and describe the benefits derived from its inclusion in products. Myths about testability are presented. Test architectures that help to maximize the chances of successfully achieving test goals while minimizing hardware and software costs are described. >
Opting Back In: The Influence of Time at Home on Professional Women's Career Redirection after Opting Out

Limited research on professional women's labour force re-entry after a career break (so-called ‘opting out’) finds that women redirect away from former careers. Little is known about why this occurs. Our study, based on in-depth interviews with 54 at-home mothers, extends prior research to address this question. We find that among women who intended to return to work (who constitute the majority), most planned to pursue alternative careers, typically in traditionally female-dominated professions or were uncertain about their career direction; few planned to return to their former employers. The reasons for this redirection were women's negative experiences in family inflexible occupations, skill depreciation and perceived age discrimination. Equally or more important, however, was their adaptation to new constraints and opportunities at home (such as increased involvement in mothering and community work), which engendered an aspirational shift towards new, care-oriented professions that were lower paid and had lower status. We discuss the policy implications of these findings.
What Teachers and Schools Can Do to Control the Growing Problem of School Bullying

School bullying, also referred to as peer victimization, has increased rapidly in recent years and can be extremely harmful if schools and teachers do not establish effective bullying-prevention programs. Recent data on the number of students who are victims of bullying indicate that between 30 and 80 percent of students in schools report being targets of peer victimization. The concern that educators have about bullying has led to many studies that have refuted common beliefs about peer victimization. This article discusses what bullying is, why bullies mistreat others, and how schools and teachers can respond effectively to the problem.
Development and validation of dietary assessment methods for culturally diverse populations.

Culturally diverse populations with variable dietary and disease patterns provide a unique opportunity for conducting epidemiologic studies to identify the role of diet in the etiology of chronic diseases. The dietary method for epidemiologic studies, such as cohort or case-control studies, should generally be a diet history (or quantitative food frequency) of selected food items consumed during a usual month. Knowledge of the eating patterns of each ethnic group in the study is needed to develop an appropriate questionnaire. The diet history may be validated by collecting multiple 24-h recalls or food records from representative samples of each ethnic group and comparing the mean dietary intakes with the values obtained from the diet history
The Cultures of Risk Tolerance

This study explores the links between culture and risk tolerance, based on surveys conducted in 23 countries. Altogether, more than 4,000 individuals participated in the surveys.Risk tolerance is associated with culture. Risk tolerance is relatively low in countries where uncertainty avoidance is relatively high and in countries which are relatively individualistic. Risk tolerance is also relatively low in countries which are relatively egalitarian and harmonious. And risk tolerance is relatively high in countries where trust is relatively high.Culture is also associated with risk tolerance indirectly, through the association between culture and income-per-capita. People in countries with relatively high income-per-capita tend to be relatively individualistic, egalitarian, and trusting. Risk tolerance is relatively high in countries with relatively low income-per-capita.
Printed straight F antennas for WLAN and Bluetooth

Miniaturized printed-circuit-board antennas are proposed in PCMCIA cards for WLAN and Bluetooth applications. The proposed antenna is a straight F in shape printed on a FR4 substrate together with the rest of the circuit components, providing a low-cost antenna solution. The straight F antenna resembles a printed inverted F antenna, but the inductive tuning arm is in the same side of the capacitive arm, resulting in further reduced overall antenna area. The proposed antenna occupies an area of about 9 mm by 7 mm. Several prototype antennas are designed and fabricated. Reasonable impedance bandwidth and good range of coverage are found.
Abstract LB-114: Genome wide analysis reveals a "liability" in the mutant p53 transcriptome.

One of the mechanisms by which the oncogene mutant p53 (mtp53) suppresses chemotherapy induced apoptosis is by directly regulating gene expression. We speculated that within the mtp53 transcriptome, there may be transcriptional targets that constitute "liabilities" that can be exploited to kill mtp53 bearing cancer cells. CHIP-Seq analysis of mtp53 revealed that the key enzyme required for activation of nucleoside analogs, deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), is a direct target of mtp53. We demonstrate that mtp53 associates with the promoter of the DCK gene and that knockdown of mtp53 in multiple cancer cell lines results in reduced DCK mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we show that mtp53 cooperates with the ETS transcription factors to induce DCK expression. Knockdown of mtp53 or ETS proteins reduces the activity of a DCK promoter-luciferase construct, thus reinforcing that DCK is a transcriptional target of an ETS/mtp53 complex. In contrast, knockdown of wildtype p53 has no effect on the expression of DCK, indicating that the ability of mtp53 to regulate DCK expression is a gain-of-function activity. Based on our findings, we reasoned that by upregulating DCK expression, mtp53 may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to nucleoside analogs. Indeed, shRNA knockdown of DCK reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to gemcitabine. Importantly, suppression of mtp53 or ETS proteins also renders cancer cells less sensitive to gemcitabine. Thus, these data support the notion that mtp53 can sensitize cells to nucleoside analogs via DCK. Our data reveal the presence of a transcriptional "liability" in the mtp53 transcriptome that may help predict which patients will have a better therapeutic response to nucleoside analogs. Citation Format: Luis A. Martinez, Madhusudhan Kollareddy, Lakshman Varanasi. Genome wide analysis reveals a "liability" in the mutant p53 transcriptome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-114
SMoG: de Novo Design Method Based on Simple, Fast, and Accurate Free Energy Estimates. 1. Methodology and Supporting Evidence

In this paper, we present SMoG (Small Molecule Growth), a novel, straightforward method for de novo lead design and the evidence for its effectiveness. It is based on a simple model for ligand-prot...
SYNTHESIS OF THE FIRST COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT IN VITRO

Isolated segments of human colon and to a lesser extent ileum were capable of synthesizing hemolytically active C'1. This conclusion was based on the following evidence: After elimination of C'1 from tissue with EDTA, we found that segments of the intestinal tract in short-term organ culture showed a 50–1000-fold increase in C'1 activity. The rate of production of C'1 in human intestine was highly temperature dependent; C'1 production was reversibly inhibited by puromycin and actinomycin D. Furthermore, 14C-labeled amino acids were incorporated into molecules which behaved like C'1. No significant C'1hu synthesis was observed in isolated segments of jejunum, stomach, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, lymph node, and thymus.
Proposed information systems accreditation criteria (panel session)

This panel will discuss the background leading to the decision to develop a Draft Criteria for accreditation of Information Systems programs, the current status of the Draft Criteria, feedback received from presentations at a number of conferences and on a web-based survey, and a brief description of future plans for the project. Time will be allotted for questions from the audience.
FUEL INSTABILITY STUDIES: THE REACTION OF 3-METHYL INDOLE WITH ARYL SULFONIC ACIDS

Incompatibility reactions in middle distillate fuels can be ascribed to the presence of specific polar heteroatomic compounds or species containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. It has been proposed that the observed sediment and/or gum formation results from the interaction of heteroatomic species with the acids contained in fuels. Recent studies have shown that the addition of non-basic nitrogen heterocycles such as indoles to a fuel increases deposit formation dramatically. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the structure of the sediment. This paper reports on the reaction of 3-methyl indole with aryl sulfonic acids. The results of this study were accomplished by identifying the nature and the structure of the sediments formed using elemental analysis and various instrumental techniques.
The current status of the rotavirus vaccine

Abstract The US just licensed of an oral tetravalent rhesus reassortant vaccine for routine immunization of infants against rotavirus. The virus was first identified 25 years ago and is now recognized to be the most common single cause of severe diarrhea throughout the world. Most children suffer at least one infection and reinfection is common. Studies of natural immunity show that breastfeeding may merely delay onset of primary infection and that maternal immunity has little effect-especially in developing countries where onset in early infancy is common. Immunity, furthermore, appears to be serotype-specific. Early attempts to develop a vaccine focused on animal forms of rotavirus. More recent efforts have created human–animal reassortants that have been far more successful.
A design taxonomy for eliciting customer requirements

Abstract The concept design phase of the new product development process represents a high cost of delay in achieving time-to-market. This article introduces an improved method for eliciting customer requirements through the use of a design taxonomy.
Poliovirus binding to its receptor in lipid bilayers results in particle-specific, temperature-sensitive channels.

Poliovirus (PV) infection starts with binding to its receptor (PVR), followed by a receptor-aided, temperature-sensitive conformational change of the infectious particle (sedimenting at 160S) to a particle which sediments at 135S. Reported in this communication is the successful incorporation into lipid bilayers of two forms of the receptor: the full-length human receptor and a modified clone in which the extracellular domains of the receptor were fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail. Addition of virus (160S) to receptor-containing bilayers leads to channel formation, whereas no channels were observed when the receptor-modified viral particle (135S) was added. Increasing the temperature from 21 to 31 °C led to a 10-fold increase in the magnitude of the single channel conductance, which can be interpreted as a conformational change in the channel structure. A mutant PV with an amino acid change in VP4 (one of the coat proteins) which is defective in genome uncoating failed to produce channels, suggesting that VP4 might be involved in the channel architecture. These studies provide the first electrophysiological characterization of the interactions between poliovirus and its receptor incorporated into a lipid bilayer membrane. Furthermore, they form the foundation for future studies aiming at defining the molecular architecture of the virus–receptor complex.
Social Power and GIS Technology: A Review and Assessment of Approaches for Natural Resource Management

Geographic information system (GIS) technology fundamentally changes how information is viewed, literally, for its maps and databases contain uncertainty, assumptions, privileged knowledge, and story-making power, along with unintended social consequences. This article hypothesizes that the introduction of GIS into the public participation process in natural resource management blurs the boundaries between science and nonscience, requiring a revision of the way we think about, learn from, and use maps for environmental decision-making. This may lend a degree of “social power” to nonscientists in the form of providing improved access to data and maps, and along with it the resulting expression of community needs, priorities, and goals, with perhaps the “power” to influence policy and management decisions. A case study from western Oregon forest management provides context and practical examples. We consider, through a broad conceptual discussion, how GIS technology might contribute to, or detract from, con...
A Study of the Effect of Diameter on the Fatigue Properties of NiTi Wire

It is a generally held belief that controlled strain fatigue life is independent of wire diameter. This has led to the widespread use of general S-N or e-N curves for engineering metals. Independence of wire diameter on fatigue life may not hold true for Nitinol. If so, care must be used when applying generic Nitinol S-N or e-N curves to product design. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of this issue, a comparison study was conducted on the fatigue properties of various diameters of NiTi (Ti-55.8/55.9wt.%Ni) wire drawn from the same starting material. e-N curves were generated for various diameters. The wire diameter reduction from 0.030′′ to 0.010′′ increased the 0.8% strain 80k cycle survival rate from 35 to 96%. For the scope of this study, all factors that may have an effect on fatigue life except for wire diameter were held constant.
An analysis of fixed-point queries on binary trees

Lindell, S., An analysis of fixed-point queries on binary trees, Theoretical Computer Science 85 (1991) 75-95. The presence of ordering appears to play an essential role in the logical expressibility of polynomialtime queries on finite structures. By examining the expressibility and complexity of inductive queries on the class of complete unordered binary trees, we are able to show that the ability to calculate cardinality is strictly less powerful than the assumption of order.
Hygroscopicity and volatility of 4-10 nm particles during summertime atmospheric nucleation events in urban Atlanta

[1] Continuous measurements of hygroscopicity and volatility of atmospheric aerosol particles of 4–10 nm diameter were conducted with a nanometer tandem differential mobility analyzer (Nano TDMA) during the Aerosol Nucleation and Real-time Characterization Experiment (ANARChE), which took place in Atlanta in July and August 2002. In the Nano TDMA measurements, particles were exposed to either a high humidity (∼90% RH) or an elevated temperature (∼100°C) downstream of the first differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and were then resized by the second DMA to determine the change in size due to water uptake or evaporation. There were several days when nucleation occurred and high concentrations of sub-20 nm particles were observed, and during those events, particles of 4–10 nm diameter were very hygroscopic and nonvolatile. These observations, together with parallel Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TDCIMS) measurements of sub-20 nm particle composition, suggest that the particles were mostly composed of ammoniated sulfates. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that the nucleation and subsequent growth of nanoparticles were driven by reactions involving sulfuric acid and ammonia during this study.
Size, efficiency, and fortune nagazine

Are corporate size and efficiency positively related? New data from FORTUNE, permitting a broad definition of “efficiency,” are applied to a test of this question. The efficiency data for 200 firms reflect corporate rankings on such attributes as quality of management, quality of products or services, innovativeness, and financial soundness. Sales and assets serve as measures of size. According to these data, size and efficiency are not, in general, positively related, at least not with statistical significance.
A generalized one-dimensional compressible flow analysis with heat addition and/or friction in a non-constant area duct

Abstract A generalized one-dimensional compressible flow analysis with heat addition and/or friction is given for a prescribed pressure-area relation (similar method may be applied to temperature-area relation). The critical condition of thermal and/or frictional choking associated with conventional Mach number of unity for constant area duct is shown here to be associated with a generalized Mach number of unity for the non-constant area duct. The generalized Mach number reduces automatically to the conventional Mach number when duct area becomes a constant. Special cases of particular interest from the present generalized analysis include: (1) a ‘generalized Rayleigh line’ or ‘heat addition without friction in a non-constant area duct’ (which reduces automatically to the conventional ‘Rayleigh line’ when duct area becomes a constant). (2) a ‘generalized Fanno line’ or ‘flow with friction but without heat addition in a non-constant area duct’ (which reduces automatically to the conventional ‘Fanno line’ when duct area becomes a constant), (3) ‘constant ( T ω / T ) heat addition with friction in a non-constant area duct’ and (4) ‘constant Mach number heat addition with friction in a non-constant area duct.’ The analysis given here may be applied to subsonic and supersonic combustion ram-jets, rocket-ramjet hybrid engines, and other non-constant area heat addition and friction flow problems.
The long Ryder: From studio sessions and solo artist to score and soundtrack specialist: Ry Cooder's musicological quest

(1998). The long Ryder: From studio sessions and solo artist to score and soundtrack specialist: Ry Cooder's musicological quest. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 49-65.
The abdominal region of the bithorax complex

The homeotic mutations in the right half of the bithorax complex of Drosophila cause segmental transformations in the second through the eighth segments of the fly. A chromosomal walk in the bithorax complex has now been extended 215 kb through the right half of the complex, and lesions for over 40 mutations have been located on the DNA map. The mutations can be grouped in a series of phenotypic classes, one for each abdominal segment, although each mutation typically affects more than one segment. The mutant lesions of each class are clustered, and they are aligned on the chromosome in the order of the body segments that they affect. Complementation tests suggest interactions between widely spaced DNA regions; indeed, the right half cannot be split anywhere without some loss of function.
Suspected low-grade glioma: Is deferring treatment safe?

Deferring therapeutic intervention may worsen outcome in patients with low-grade glioma. To address this issue, we searched our records and located 26 patients who presented with a transient event (most often seizures), who had radiographic evidence strongly suggestive of a low-grade primary supratentorial neoplasm, and for whom all therapy (except anticonvulsants) was withheld until deemed necessary (WAIT Group). For comparison, 20 patients who presented similarly, but for whom immediate intervention was elected, served as a comparison group (NOWAIT Group). Fifteen patients in the WAIT Group required eventual surgery or radiation therapy at intervals ranging from 4 to 123 months (median, 29 months) between radiographic diagnosis and therapeutic intervention; reasons for such intervention included increasing tumor size, uncontrollable seizures, or malignant transformation of tumor. At surgery, there was an increased number of anaplastic tumors noted in the patients in the WAIT Group (p less than 0.02); nevertheless, if the rate of malignant transformation was examined from time of diagnosis, no differences were noted between the patients in the two groups. Similarly, no difference in survival or quality of life could be demonstrated from time of radiographic diagnosis. Therefore, we could not demonstrate that deferring therapy worsens outcome for these patients.
Assessing inflammatory status in cardiovascular disease

Growing evidence suggests that the immune system plays a critical role in all the stages of atherogenesis, from lesion formation to plaque rupture.1 The inflammatory component of atherothrombosis is a topic of intensive research, since it is still unclear whether inflammatory markers measurable in peripheral blood can be useful tools for risk assessment in the general population; it is also unknown whether therapeutic strategies leading to a decrease of these inflammatory markers can modify cardiovascular risk.w1 Early in the atherogenesis process, resident or circulating leucocytes bind to the site of a developing lesion in response to oxidised low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), injury, or infection. Proinflammatory cytokines play a central regulatory role in this early stage of atherogenesis, since they induce the migration of these inflammatory cells to the subendothelial space, both by acting directly on these leucocytes and by upregulating the expression of several adhesion molecules (such as vascular cells adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecules and selectins) which participate in leucocyte adhesion, rolling and subendothelial migration (fig 1).w2 Figure 1 Cytokines and adhesion molecules in the early stages of atherogenesis. Circulating leucocytes are activated by proinflammatory cytokines, and they adhere to vascular endothelium. Adhesion molecules, whose expression is also regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, play a key role in the subendothelial migration of leucocytes. ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Sel, selectin; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. As these monocytes accumulate in the subendothelial space, they continue to ingest chemically modified lipids and lipoproteins, they become macrophages and finally develop into foam cells, and initiate fatty streaks. At the same time, other inflammatory cells, such as activated T cells and mast cells, also attach themselves to the endothelium, contributing to the formation of the atheromatous lesion, which consists of a lipid pool covered by a …
Comparing three attitude-behavior theories for predicting science teachers' intentions

Social psychologists' attitude-behavior theories can contribute to understanding science teachers' behaviors. Such understanding can, in turn, be used to improve professional development. This article describes leading attitude-behavior theories and summarizes results from past tests of these theories. A study predicting science teachers' intention to incorporate environmental risk education based on these theories is also reported. Data for that study were collected through a mail questionnaire (n ¼ 1336, radjusted ¼ 80%) and analyzed using confirmatory factor and multiple regression analysis. All determinants of intention to act in the Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior and some deter- minants in the Theory of Trying predicted science teachers' environmental risk education intentions. Given the consistency of results across studies, the Theory of Planned Behavior augmented with past behavior is concluded to provide the best attitude-behavior model for predicting science teachers' intention to act. Thus, science teachers' attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm need to be enhanced to modify their behavior. Based on the Theory of Trying, improving their attitude toward the process and toward success, and expectations of success may also result in changes. Future research should focus on identifying determinants that can further enhance the ability of these theories to predict and explain science teachers' behaviors. 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 819-844, 2002
A rapidly restorable phone service to counter catastrophic loss of telecommunications facilities

This paper proposes a phone service system that enables us to rapidly restore telephone service even when the regular facilities for ICT services are catastrophically damaged due to a large scale disaster. In the proposed system, a movable ICT unit with IP-PBX function is deployed to a damaged area; it promptly launches a telephone service based on Voice over IP (VoIP) and WiFi technologies. Users are able to access the telephone service using their own smartphones and telephone numbers, which makes the system convenient to use. The authors develop a prototype system and perform subjective experiments with anticipated users like staffs of telecom companies, local and national government agencies. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system.
NAD(P)H imaging of the cornea: functional imaging of the eye

This chapter describes the principles and practice of the optical recording of cellular metabolism. Redox imaging of cells, tissues, and organs based on intrinsic fluorescent probes of cellular metabolism. Cellular metabolism may be noninvasively interrogated through the `optical method' based on the fluorescence intensity of intrinsic probe molecules (Chance, 1991). The intrinsic fluorescent probes, which report on cellular metabolism, are the reduced pyridine nucleotides, NAD(P)H, and the oxidized flavoproteins.
Transcriptional Effects of the Potent Enediyne Anti-Cancer Agent Calicheamicin γ1I

We have investigated the mode of action of calicheamicin in living cells by using oligonucleotide microarrays to monitor its effects on gene expression across the entire yeast genome. Transcriptional effects were observed as early as 2 min into drug exposure. Among these effects were the upregulation of two nuclear proteins encoding a Y'-helicase (a subtelomerically encoded protein whose function is to maintain telomeres) and a suppressor of rpc10 and rpb40 mutations (both rpc10 and rpb40 encode RNA polymerase subunits). With longer calicheamicin exposure, genes involved in chromatin arrangement, DNA repair and/or oxidative damage, DNA synthesis and cell cycle checkpoint control as well as other nuclear proteins were all differentially expressed. Additionally, ribosomal proteins and a variety of metabolic, biosynthetic, and stress response genes were also altered in their expression.
Multisegment analysis of supermarket patronage

Abstract This study evaluates the efficacy of different customer segmentation approaches in developing a better understanding of consumer choice among competing supermarkets in an urban setting. The analysis focuses on the differential impact of patronage-influencing variables within and across three different segmentation alternatives in a choice modeling context. A key objective is to determine whether one segmentation approach can yield a better understanding of retail choice than other segmentation approaches or a single aggregate model. If “best” approaches for segmenting the market are discovered for different situations, the findings will enable retail offerings to be targeted to key groups of customers more flexity and effectively. The supermarket industry was selected because of the “veritable explosion” in recent years of “meaningfully differentiated” retail formats. These specific store formats, such as “hypermarkets, warehouse stores, super combos, fresh food superstores, and limited assortment discount stores” (Arnold et al., 1983 p. 149), are designed to include specific groups of people who shop outlets other than the closest one to their homes by offering and promoting attributes mixes targeted directly at them. While such efforts are still in their infancy, future success in customer targeting strategies in this and other retail industries will increasingly depend on the ability to segment the market effectively. This study of different approaches for segment-based patronage modeling should therefore lead to significantly improved understanding of the retail market and, ultimately, better strategic decisions by retail firms.
La destrucción y la creación en Los siameses y Flores de papel

Abstract Many Hispanic American plays of the twentieth century, such as Flores de papel and Los siameses, among others, depict the social-economic imbalance visible among the different social classes. This inequality is seen as inevitable, forcing the working class first to destroy elements of the status quo, in order then to construct a new reality. Thus it attempts to produce radical changes, including the alteration or reconstruction of the class system itself, through destruction-construction of the surrounding reality. Hence, the dramatists, considering the role of the theater and of the writer, present these struggles and class discrepancies in an attempt to find a solution to the problems of their characters' social environment.
Some physical properties of edible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds

Abstract Some physical properties of squash seeds at different moisture content (6.4–52.9%) were estimated. The role of moisture content was also studied. The results revealed that the mean values of seed length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity %, mass and volume were 18.16, 9.80, 2.67 mm, 43.0%, 0.29 g and 0.73 cm3, respectively. As moisture content increased from 6.4% to 52.9%, bulk density, true density, porosity %, projected area and terminal velocity increased from 350 to 475, 450 to 625 kg/m3, 22.2% to 24.0%, 1.45 to 1.88 cm2 and 4.37 to 6.13 m/s, respectively. The corresponding values for squash kernel were 406–460, 615–657 kg/m3, 33.98–29.71%, 2.45–2.86 cm2, and 5.02–6.57 m/s, respectively. In contrast, the rupture strength of squash seeds decreased as the moisture content increased. The static coefficient of friction of squash seeds fluctuated from 0.18 to 0.64 over the surfaces of different materials.
Global code motion/global value numbering

We believe that optimizing compilers should treat the machine-independent optimizations (e.g., conditional constant propagation, global value numbering) and code motion issues separately.’ Removing the code motion requirements from the machine-independent optimization allows stronger optimizations using simpler algorithms. Preserving a legal schedule is one of the prime sources of complexity in algorithms like PRE [18, 13] or global congruence finding [2, 20].
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become an epidemic in the United States. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a neurological dysfunction which has been indicated in 25-90% of AIDS patients, 30-40% of HIV-infected patients, and may be the only presenting manifestation of AIDS. Researchers have investigated many aspects of ADC including clinical features, etiology, epidemiology and prevalence, diagnosis (psychological parameters and laboratory investigations such as CSF, EEG, CT, MRI, PET, and ERP), assessment, neurological features (including neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological measures, and neuropathology), prognosis, and treatment. The research is controversial, complex, and contradictory. A discussion of the many areas of ADC and many hypotheses will be included.
Cueing and Cognitive Conflict in Judge-Advisor Decision Making

Abstract The Judge-Advisor paradigm (Sniezek & Buckley, 1989) allows for the study of decision making by groups with differentiated roles. This paper reports a study using this approach to investigate the impact of advice vis-a-vis the judge′s own initial choice. Teams consisting of one judge and two advisors (business students randomly assigned to these roles) were given a choice task (concerning business events) composed of 70 items with two alternatives each. The judges provided final team choices and confidence assessments under one of three conditions: Dependent (judge has no basis for own choice), Cued (judge chooses only after being advised), or Independent (judges makes own tentative choice prior to being advised as well as subsequent final choice). Results showed that this manipulation affected the judge′s final choice accuracy and confidence, leading to the best performance by Independent judges and the poorest by Dependent judges. These data are discussed with respect to theory and data on the cueing effect (Sniezek, Paese, & Switzer, 1990) for individual choice. In addition, the effects on the decision making process of the judge from (a) advisors′ confidence and (b) conflict between advisors′ recommendations are examined in detail. Finally, issues concerning the potential contribution of the Judge-Advisor paradigm to the understanding of social decision making are addressed.
Model for the Pomeranchuk Term

A model of the Pomeranchuk term as a sum over two-body intermediate states is constructed. Experimental tests involving resonance production are suggested.
Genetic diversity in native and introduced populations of the amethyst gem clam Gemma gemma (Totten, 1834) from the U.S. east and west coasts

Reduced genetic diversity due to founder effects often is expected for invasive populations. The present study examined two nuclear gene regions and one mitochondrial gene to evaluate the origins and genetic diversity of Gemma gemma, a ‘stow-away’ that was introduced to California more than 100 years ago with the importation of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, from the United States’ Atlantic coast. A previous investigation involving mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit I sequences reported no significant difference in haplotype diversity between the native and introduced populations; however, estimates of allelic (or haplotypic) variability are insensitive to losses of rare alleles that may accompany founder events and population bottlenecks. Estimates of allele richness and the distribution of rare alleles provide more sensitive indicators of such events. The present investigation of introduced and potential source populations identified lower allele richness and number of singleton alleles in California samples. Atlantic coast Gemma exhibit a sharp phylogeographic transition between northeastern (New York through New England) and mid-Atlantic (southern New Jersey through Virginia) subpopulations, which appear latitudinally inverted for the California Gemma populations. These genetic results, and information from the transportation history of the Eastern oyster, help to clarify processes involved in the introduction of this invasive species.
COMPARISONS OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, PSYCHIATRISTS, AND SOCIAL WORKERS ON JOB-RELATED MEASURES AND REACTIONS TO MANAGED CARE IN IOWA

This study compares marriage and family therapists (MFTs) to psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers on job-related measures, such as job autonomy, job satisfaction, burnout, and intention to stay in their present position, as well as on reactions to a managed care initiative in the state of Iowa. Findings indicate that MFTs scored significantly lower than other practitioners on job autonomy and intention to stay in their present position, but there were no differences in job satisfaction or burnout. Marital and family therapists also reported less dissatisfaction with the managed care initiative than psychiatrists, although virtually all practitioners were dissatisfied with the managed-care program. These findings indicate some dissatisfaction within the MFT profession and may be relevant to practitioners seeking to change or expand their practice, as well as to the needs of MFTs in their training programs.
Injuries in Junior A Ice Hockey A Three-Year Prospective Study

This 3-year prospective cohort observational analysis of elite amateur hockey players ranging in age from 17 to 20 years on a United States Hockey League team describes ice hockey injuries using a strict definition of injury, standardized reporting strategies, and diagnosis by a team physician. One hundred forty-two injuries were recorded for an on-ice injury rate of 9.4 per 1000 player hours. A player was 25 times more likely to be injured in a game (96.1 per 1000 player-game hours) than in practice (3.9 per 1000 player-practice hours). Game-related injuries were more frequent in the third period, and practice-related injuries occurred more often in the first third of the season. Collisions represented 51% of the total injuries. The most common types of injuries were strains, lacerations, contusions, and sprains. The face and the shoulder were most frequently injured. A facial laceration was the most common injury; acromioclavicular joint sprain was the second most common injury. Facial lacerations typically occurred in games and were stick related. Further research is necessary to determine if injuries in Junior A amateur ice hockey can be reduced by mandatory full facial protection, enforcement of existing rules, improvement in shoulder pad design, and by focusing more attention on stretching programs.
Prevalence of perianal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected patients referred for high-resolution anoscopy.

This study was designed to describe perianal disease in a cohort of HIV-infected patients referred for high-resolution anoscopy. A retrospective chart review was performed on 52 HIV-infected patients referred for high-resolution anoscopy from 2001 to 2005. All patients underwent anal canal and perianal high-resolution anoscopy in the office with biopsy of suspicious areas. Patients with high-grade intraepithelial perianal lesions underwent multiple biopsies under general anesthesia in the operating room to rule out malignancy. Of the 52 patients, 19 (37 percent) had perianal abnormalities noted on high-resolution anoscopy and underwent punch biopsy. The mean duration of known HIV infection in these 19 patients (15 males) was 10.6 years, with 17 on highly active antiretroviral therapy for the last 3-month period. Mean CD4 count was 371 cells/μl. Office perianal biopsies diagnosed two patients with invasive squamous-cell carcinoma and nine with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Seven of the nine patients with perianal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on office biopsy were submitted to multiple biopsies under general anesthesia. One of these seven had an occult perianal squamous-cell carcinoma. Perianal disease was common in this group of HIV-infected patients; 11 patients (21 percent of total) were diagnosed with squamous-cell carcinoma or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Because only 19 patients had clinically suspicious perianal lesions biopsied, this may be an underestimate. Our data suggest that anal canal neoplasia often is accompanied by perianal disease and illustrates the need for biopsy of any suspicious perianal lesions.
Imagery in children's paired-associate learning☆

Abstract An earlier study of verbal context and imagery (verbal and pictorial representation of interactions between stimulus and response items) was replicated with a more adequate control condition, and with a 2-week retention test requiring relearning. The verbal-context and imagery effects were again reliable, but an expected age difference was not obtained in that the imagery condition was equally effective in younger and older preschoolers. The treatment differences in retention and relearning were the same as in original learning (although not significant in retention).