cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educational advocacy for children with autism

There exists a great divide between parents' demands for intensive behavioral interventions for their children with autism and the public education system's reluctance to support early intensive behavioral intervention programs. More and more, professionals with expertise in applied behavior analysis are being asked to advocate for effective, early behavioral intervention for autism in education litigation brought about by frustrated parents. The progress made in recent years in the behavioral treatment of children with autism and the schools' lack of adherence to the requirements of IDEA have made it possible for educational policy change through effective advocacy by behavioral interventionists. This paper discusses preparing for educational advocacy on behalf of young children with autism. We explore the personal and emotional reasons why parents choose to engage in the financially risky endeavor of educational litigation. We then outline an approach to developing expert testimony based upon evaluation of the target child and his/her educational history. Issues related to assessment, training, and ethical practice are addressed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failure of Prostatitis Treatment Secondary to Probable Ciprofloxacin-Sucralfate Drug Interaction

Metal cations such as aluminum, magnesium, ferrous sulfate, and zinc are thought to form chelation complexes with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and prevent the drugs from being absorbed. Sucralfate, which has a high aluminum content, reduces the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin to approximately 4%. The concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin and sucralfate resulted in treatment failure for a patient with prostatitis and a subsequent 5-day hospitalization. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics should be administered at least 2 hours before agents containing metal cations to allow for their absorption. In addition, sucralfate should not be administered less than 6 hours before fluoroquinolone antibiotic administration.
Malformation of Bronchopulmonary Foregut with Systemic and Pulmonary Arterial Blood Supply

A case of congenital malformation of the bronchopulmonary foregut with communication between the esophagus and sequestered lobe is reported in a six-month-old boy. Only 29 similar cases have been reported previously, and this case was especially unusual in that the communication was from the middle portion of the esophagus to a right apical sequestration. Another unusual feature was that the sequestered segment was supplied by four systemic arteries from the thoracic aorta, as well as by branches from the right pulmonary artery. Within the sequestration, there was shunting of blood from the systemic to pulmonary arteics with reversal of flow in the pulmonary arterial branches.
The Alliance Française, Empire and America:

The Alliance Francaise was founded more than a century ago and is the largest non-profit-making cultural institution in the world. Its longstanding mission has been to foster global understanding of the French language and to promote increased dialogue between French and other cultures. Since 1902, the Federation of Alliances Francaises USA has facilitated American access to French language and culture. The American Alliance has been marked by the republican and colonial ethos of the late nineteenth-century organisation. A network of Alliance chapters was established within postcolonial Francophone communities in the United States in the early twentieth century. The institution might be thought of, consequently, as helping to preserve a French cultural heritage dating back four hundred years. By giving voice to different constituencies within the French diasporic family, and by creating spaces for cultural exchange, the Alliance has helped to define the contours of New World Francophone identities.
Mechanical stretch promotes alveolar epithelial type II cell differentiation

Functional maturation of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells is crucial for extrauterine survival. Mechanical distension and mesenchymal-epithelial interactions play important roles in this process...
Primum Non Nocere and the Quality of Evidence: Rethinking the Ethics of Screening

Many current medical screening practices are in­ consistent with the ethical principles underlying medical care and are unsupported by acceptable evidence. These practices could be regarded, there­ fore, as unethical. Recommendations supporting screening programs put physicians in the unenvi­ able position of practicing according to the current standard of care but in an unethical manner or practicing ethically but exposing themselves to pro­ fessional and legal criticism. This article explores the differences between screening and investigation and the ethical implications of these differences. Whereas some of these topics have been discussed individually by others, there has been no effort to examine the topic as a whole, although there have been calls for such an examination. 1 - 3
“British kadhis” and “Muslim judges”: modernisation, inconsistencies and accommodation in Zanzibar's colonial judiciary

Abstract Contextualising the creation of Zanzibar's colonial judiciary within the British Empire, this article explores contradictions in the British approach towards the application of Islamic law in this protectorate. The British upheld the existing legal system, shari'a, as the fundamental law yet, striving towards uniformity, impartiality and cost effectiveness, they restricted the scope of jurisdiction of kadhis, or Muslim judges, introduced Indian codes and provided for the application of Islamic law by British judges. Although the British may not have consciously embarked on merging the roles of judges and kadhis, one of the outcomes of their interference with the judicial system was to combine in the one person a secularly trained judge and a religiously educated kadhi. Notes of various colonial officials on the alleged irrationality and arbitrariness of Islamic law suggest that kadhis' accommodation in the colonial judiciary was shaped by continuous British doubt about their suitability as coloni...
Comments on "Analysis of elliptical microstrip patch antenna considering attachment mode"

For original article by Jung and Seo, see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.50, p.888-90 (2002). The paper by Jung and Seo presented a moment method solution of an elliptical patch antenna with emphasis on inclusion of the attachment mode around the probe/patch junction. In this comment, Deshpande points out that very similar work on the elliptical microstrip antenna was published by Bailey and Deshpande (1985), and a comparison is given.
Nonorientable hamilton cycle embeddings of complete tripartite graphs

A cyclic construction is presented for building embeddings of the complete tripartite graph K"n","n","n on a nonorientable surface such that the boundary of every face is a hamilton cycle. This construction works for several families of values of n, and we extend the result to all n with some methods of Bouchet and others. The nonorientable genus of K"t","n","n","n, for t>=2n, is then determined using these embeddings and a surgical method called the 'diamond sum' technique.
Brain monitoring in neonates

Continuous EEG monitoring with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has become a part of the routine neurological care in the neonatal unit, especially in full-term infants with hypoxia-ischemia and in infants suspected of seizures. Its prognostic value after birth asphyxia is well established and seizure detection has improved with the new digital aEEG devices with access to the "real" EEG, and even with seizure detection in some devices. Recent experience shows that aEEG monitoring also appears to be very helpful in premature infants. One has to be aware of possible artefacts, like ECG or movement artefacts, which can lead to misinterpretation of the background pattern. Cerebral oximetry records regional saturation of the brain using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and provides a non-invasive method to continuously monitor brain oxygen imbalance. Cerebral oximetry is increasingly being used as a trend monitor in critically ill neonates. Its usefulness has been assessed in cardiac surgery, patent ductus arteriosus, hypoxia-ischemia and ventilation with high mean airway pressures. A combination of both monitoring modalities will probably become the future for neonatal neuromonitoring.
The Immunochemistry of Monoclonal Antibodies: Studies on One Immunologic Supergene (HLA) with the Products of Another

Since the H-2 and HLA systems were defined and have continued to be described by serologic methods, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies into these areas was an obvious and inevitable development.1 The potential exists for redefining the charts of H-2 public and private specificities and the complex and ever-changing diagrams of HLA cross-reactivities in terms of epitopes defined by panels of monoclonal antibodies. Fundamental questions about the number and arrangement of polymorphic sites could be more rigorously addressed and the involvement of different epitopes in restricting antigen recognition by T cells investigated. At a more practical level it would provide abundant and reliable reagents for assay, localization, and purification of HLA molecules.
Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Abstract Glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps represent tectonic systems driven by gravity. Their movement can be studied in real time and the rheological properties and strength of ice determined from laboratory experiments and field measurements. All glacial ice has primary stratification, exhibited by variations in grain size, bubble content and debris content. As it deforms, with deformation dominated by plastic flow and recrystallization, accompanied locally by fracture under tension, a suite of structures develops that reflects the primary fabric of the ice and the anisotropy that develops as a result of cumulative deformation. Initial variations in solid impurity content and strain dependent anisotropy as a result of a crystallographic fabric give rise to effective viscosity increases or decreases compared to isotropic polycrystalline ice of about a factor of ten. Foliation develops from inherited (mostly stratification) or introduced (mostly ice veins or fracture traces) fabric elements and from dynamic recrystallization. It is largely dependent on the accumulated strain, which is highest at the base and near the margins of glaciers, ice sheets and ice streams. Folds develop largely passively due to initial amplification of irregularities in the primary stratification, to variations in flow with time or to inhomogeneous flow associated with shear zones and ductile accommodation around open fractures. Buckle folds and boudinage, mostly on a small scale, occur where viscosity contrast is large, mostly in basal ice. Thrusting and wrench faulting are documented in surging glaciers but theoretically most unlikely and rare or absent elsewhere. Many structures interpreted as faults are not due to shear failure but rather result from shear displacements during opening and closing of tensile fractures.
Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabled by photochemical reaction.

The field of lipidomics has been significantly advanced by mass spectrometric analysis. The distinction and quantitation of the unsaturated lipid isomers, however, remain a long-standing challenge. In this study, we have developed an analytical tool for both identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers from complex mixtures using online Paterno–Buchi reaction coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The potential of this method has been demonstrated with an implementation into shotgun lipid analysis of animal tissues. Among 96 of the unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipids identified from rat brain tissue, 50% of them were found as mixtures of C=C location isomers; for the first time, to our knowledge, the quantitative information of lipid C=C isomers from a broad range of classes was obtained. This method also enabled facile cross-tissue examinations, which revealed significant changes in C=C location isomer compositions of a series of fatty acids and glycerophospholipid (GP) species between the normal and cancerous tissues.
Polls and Elections: There Is Nothing Wrong with Kansas: The Effect of Race and Economics on Voting Correctly in U.S. Presidential Elections

Are poor whites less likely to vote correctly when they vote for Republican presidential candidates? The rationality of poor white voters is perennially debated in American politics. To date, scholars and journalists have weighed in on this debate without using any objective measure of voter preferences, nor has anyone tested the extent to which those preferences match voters’ behavior in the ballot booth. To adjudicate this debate, we use Lau and Redlawsk's voting correctly data from 1972 to 2008 to test the popular hypothesis that poor white voters, specifically, vote against their interests by voting for Republican presidential candidates. A series of probit estimations demonstrate that, while poor whites are less likely to vote correctly than those who are not poor whites, there is no relationship between poor whites and voting correctly for Republican or Democratic candidates independently. This suggests that the longstanding debate about poor white voting for Republican candidates is much ado about little and obscures the larger debate about all voters being able to vote in line with their preferences more generally.
Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase in the cyanobacteriaCoccochloris peniocytis andAnabaena cylindrica

Histochemical techniques applied at the ultrastructural level have established the periplasmic space as the site of cell bound alkaline phosphatase activity inAnabaena cylindrica andCoccochloris peniocytis. For localization of activity unfixed cells were reacted with calcium nitrate, which acts as the initial capture reagent. After this deposition, the cells were suspended in 2% lead nitrate to convert the calcium phosphate to more electron dense lead phosphate. The majority of cell bound activity appeared to be associated with layer 3 of the cell wall. InA. cylindrica a secondary site of cell bound activity appeared to be in the sheath. Placement in a phosphate free medium caused a substantial increase in the enzyme activity ofA. cylindrica while the activity present in log phase cells ofC. peniocytis was similar to that found in phosphate starved cells.C. peniocytis also secretes the enzyme into the surrounding medium.
Perceived Instrumentality and Value Importance as Determinants of Attitudes

This study investigates whether value importance or perceived instrumentality is more dominant in determining affect (attitude) toward a brand. The results indicate that perceived instrumentality c...
Role of a CD21+ follicular dendritic cells in distinguishing bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue from lung acute cellular rejection

Introduction Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is part of the lung immune system that consists of small aggregates of lymphoid cells at the bifurcation of the airways and along the lymphatic routes. While in animal models it plays a role in allograft response, that relationship has never been established in humans. BALT is often seen in lung transplant biopsies evaluated for rejection especially in A0 and A1 rejection. In early post-transplant biopsies (first 180 days) it is more commonly seen with A2 and A3 rejection. Irrespective of its role in allograft response in humans, morphologically BALT can occasionally be difficult to distinguish from rejection. Methods We analyzed 33 transbronchial transplant lung biopsies, 25 with BALT and 8 with rejection for presence of CD21 positive dendritic cells to determine if their presence can distinguish BALT from the acute rejection. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate statistical significance. Results Of the 25 biopsies with BALT, 20 (80%) stained positive for CD21, while none of the 8 biopsies with acute rejection stained positive for CD21 (0%), a significant difference (p value Discussion The results of the study showed that CD21 antibody may be helpful in distinguishing BALT from acute rejection in difficult cases.
Evaluation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of antivirus treatment on acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight AIDS patients were administered highly active anti-retroviral medicines freely supplied by the national government,and the CD4T cells of the cases were detected regularly.Results:The CD4T cells increased the most rapidly after 3 months′ treatment and reached(254.32±98.76)/mm3 after 2 years.The opportunistic infection was effectively controlled;the survival rate reached 86.36%.Conclusions:The immune function of the AIDS patients is enhanced significantly and the opportunistic infection is controlled effectively.AIDS patients should resort to the highly active anti-retroviral therapy as soon as possible.
325 THE NEAR-UNIVERSAL PREVALENCE OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH SMITH-LEMLI-OPITZ SYNDROME.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition caused by a defect in cholesterol synthesis. Blood cholesterol levels are reduced, and cholesterol precursors and metabolites, including 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and 8-dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC), are increased. Affected children often have multiple malformations and mental retardation. In addition, autistic behaviors have anecdotally been noted. The purpose of the present study was to document the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a cohort of children with SLOS. Fourteen subjects between 3 and 16 years old participating in a longitudinal study were evaluated using three distinct measures: a DSM-IV Checklist, based on parent interview; scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; and scores from the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, a behavior checklist. Blood sterol levels were also tested at regular intervals in these subjects. Approximately three-fourths of subjects with SLOS (71-86% depending on testing modality) evidenced an ASD. Fifty percent were diagnosed with DSM-IV Autistic Disorder and 21% with PDD NOS. The children9s baseline cholesterol, 7-DCH, and 8-DHC levels, as well as cholesterol levels following supplementation, were not related to the severity of autistic symptoms. These results suggest that a large majority of children with SLOS have some variant of autism. SLOS may have the strongest relationship with autism of any single gene disorder, suggesting a link between cholesterol metabolism and idiopathic autism. With further study, these findings, together with knowledge of the genetic and biochemical defects in SLOS, will likely provide valuable insights into the causes of autism in children who do not have SLOS.
Expectant management of ectopic pregnancy.

SUMMARY Figure 2 outlines the management protocol used at the University of Tennessee. Expectant management either in the presence or absence of tubal abortion offers an alternative to surgical management of ectopic pregnancy. With proper patient selection and follow-up, surgery can be avoided in a significant number of patients who once would have required operative intervention.
Exposure estimation in four major epidemiologic studies in the acrylonitrile industry.

The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic studies. In most cases, the researchers are faced with the difficult dilemma created by the scarcity of the exposure measurement data vis-a-vis the demands for refined quantification. The 4 industrial epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile share many similarities to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the current exposure reconstruction methodologies. The analysis of the reported exposure reconstruction methods and comparative analysis of some of the results suggest that there is a certain degree of conformity in the results of the exposure reconstruction processes in these 4 studies. At the same time, the same analysis invokes some questions with respect to the interpretation of the exposure reconstruction results.
Acoustic detection of electron impact in electron tubes

It has been found experimentally that when a pulsed electron beam strikes the surface of a solid body in a vacuum it produces elastic waves in the body. This process has been identified experimentally as a thermal effect of generally higher efficiency than would result from direct momentum transfer. This thermal effect permits detection of electron impact in pulsed evacuated devices such as microwave tubes by the use of simple elastic wave sensors outside the tubes. In pulsed electron tubes it is thus possible to detect and locate electron interception, the distribution of electron impact in a collector, and a number of other characteristics relating to electron flow.
Dynamics of Interfaces with Static Initial Loading

Accurately modeling the dynamic response of structural interfaces under high rate loading conditions is challenging due to lack of focused studies and validation data. In order to support the development and validation of accurate physics-based models of these interface dynamics, simulations and experiments using combined static torsional loads with dynamic compressive loading are performed. A ballistic impact generates dynamic compressive stress waves that propagate across the threaded interface of two coupled metallic bars with a known static torque. Strong phenomenological evidence of the release and conversion of static torsional energy due to the applied dynamic loads is seen in time-frequency analysis. The frequency band structure of the dynamic waves are also observed to vary under certain conditions. Applied torque is shown to relax almost completely during an experiment, with significant rotation of the transmission bar relative to the incident bar. The mechanism is believed to be release of the static torque and the generation of torsional waves.
Plant Transposable Elements

Transposable elements (TEs) were first discovered by Barbara McClintock in maize. As the most abundant and dynamic component of the plant genomes, the activity of TEs is responsible for genome size expansion, alteration of gene expression, duplication and amplification of normal genes. There are many different types of elements in the plant genomes, with each of them occupying a specific niche, including genic regions, intergenic regions and centromeres. Particularly, the centromere-specific elements may play critical roles in the formation of new plant species. Most TEs are quiescent in normal development but are turned on by various biotic or abiotic stresses, thus favouring the survival of host organisms under undesirable conditions. In addition to their roles in genome evolution, TEs can be useful tools for gene cloning, mapping and transformation. Key Concepts Transposable elements are the largest components of plant genomes. They have target specificity. Transposable elements play roles in speciation. Transposition activity is tightly regulated. Transposable elements influence expression of other genes. They are genetic and molecular tools. Keywords: transposable elements; target selection; transposition; gene expression; gene duplication; genome expansion
Practical Perception and Intelligent Action

Perceiving things to be a certain way may in some cases lead directly to action that is intelligent (e.g., skillful, wise, clever, astute). This phenomenon has not often been discussed, though it is of broad philosophical interest. It also raises a difficult question: how can perception produce intelligent action? After clarifying the question—which I call the question of “practical perception”—and explaining what is required for an adequate answer, I critically examine two candidate answers drawn from work on related topics: the first, inspired by Hubert Dreyfus's phenomenological analysis of absorbed coping (and of a piece with James Gibson's theory of affordances), focuses on awareness of situational features; the other, suggested by Gilbert Ryle's classic treatment of knowledge-how, focuses on possession of behavioral dispositions. I argue that neither approach is adequate. Subsequently, I develop and defend an alternative answer that emphasizes the agent's conceptual understanding.
The effects of PPARγ on the regulation of the TOMM40-APOE-C1 genes cluster

Chromosome 19q13.32 is a gene rich region, and has been implicated in multiple human phenotypes in adulthood including lipids traits, Alzheimer's disease, and longevity. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that plays a role in human complex traits that are also genetically associated with the chromosome 19q13.32 region. Here, we study the effects of PPARγ on the regional expression regulation of the genes clustered within chromosome 19q13.32, specifically TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1, applying two complementary approaches. Using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) method in the HepG2 cell-line we knocked down PPARγ expression and measured the effect on mRNA expression. We discovered PPARγ knock down increased the levels of TOMM40-, APOE-, and APOC1-mRNAs, with the highest increase in expression observed for APOE-mRNA. To complement the PPARγ knockdown findings we also examined the effects of low doses of PPARγ agonists (nM range) on mRNA expression of these genes. Low (nM) concentrations of pioglitazone (Pio) decreased transcription of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 genes, with the lowest mRNA levels for each gene observed at 1.5nM. Similar to the effect of PPARγ knockdown, the strongest response to pioglitazone was also observed for APOE-mRNA, and rosiglitazone (Rosi), another PPARγ agonist, produced results that were consistent with these. In conclusion, our results further established a role for PPARγ in regional transcriptional regulation of chr19q13.32, underpinning the association between PPARγ, the chr19q13.32 genes cluster, and human complex traits and disease.
Human modeling for human–robot collaboration:

Teamwork is best achieved when members of the team understand one another. Human–robot collaboration poses a particular challenge to this goal due to the differences between individual team members...
Quantitative Relationship between NADPH Depletion and Inhibition of NOX2-Induced Superoxide Radical Anion

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is an essential cofactor controlling cell metabolism and survival. NAD + is recycled in cells at rates controlled by nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPRT). The pharmacological inhibition of NAMPRT by FK866 diminishes intracellular concentration of redox couples NAD + /NADPH and NADP + /NADPH. Here we examined the quantitative relationship between inhibition of NAMPRT and superoxide-producing activity of NOX2 from PMA activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with 10nM FK866 for 24 h showed PI staining negative and survival >80%. Superoxide (O 2 ●– ) in PMA activated cells was maximally stimulated with 100-400 ng/ml. 2-Hydroxyethidium, 2-OHE + in both supernatant and cytosolic fractions was decreased in cells pre-treated with 10nM FK866 for 24 h. This inhibition was rescued with10µM NMN co-treatment. The NOX inhibitor, VAS2870 (10-100µM) decreased O 2 ●– release although toxicity was evident. FK866 did not alter the protein expression of NOX subunits, p91phox and p47phox. HPLC analysis of FK866 treated cells showed diminished intracellular levels of NAD + and NADPH and to a lesser extent NADH, NADP + . A dose-dependent effects of FK866 (1-20nM) indicated that after 24h incubation FK866 at concentrations of 10nM led to a decrease of ~50% of NADPH (from 2.2±0.2 to 1.2±0.2 nmol/mg protein) eliciting a reduction of 2-OHE + >70%. Increasing FK to 20nM showed small effects compared to 10nM treatment. An inhibition of 50% of 2-OHE+ formation was attained with 5nM FK866 treatments indicating that NADPH EC50 for NOX2 ~1.6nmol/mg protein. These results indicate that NOX2 activity is inhibited by depletion of physiological levels of NADPH which could be highly significant in the regulation of peroxynitrite and other oxidant production.
Variation in the Cost of Managing Actinic Keratosis.

Importance Actinic keratosis (AK), a skin growth induced by ultraviolet light exposure, requires chronic management because a small proportion can progress into squamous cell skin cancer. Spending for AK management was more than $1 billion in 2004. Investigating geographic variation in AK spending presents an opportunity to decrease waste or recoup excess spending. Objective To evaluate geographic variation in health care cost for management of AKs and the association with patient-related and health-related factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the MarketScan medical claims database of 488 324 continuously enrolled members with 2 or more claims for AK. Data from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012, was used. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual costs of care were calculated for outpatient visits, AK destruction, and medications for AKs, and the total of these components. Costs were adjusted for inflation to 2014 US dollars. To display cost variation, we calculated the ratio of mean cost in the highest quintile (Q5) relative to the mean in the lowest quintile (Q1), or the Q5:Q1 ratio; Q5:Q1 ratios were adjusted based on age, sex, history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, US geographic region, and population density (metropolitan statistical area). Results Overall, data from 488 324 continuously enrolled members (mean [SD] age, 53.1 [7.5] years; 243 662 women) with 2 or more claims for AK were included. Overall, patients had 1 085 985 claims related to AK, and dermatologists accounted for 71.0% of claims. The 2-year total cost was $111.5 million, with $52.4 million in 2011 and $59.1 million in 2012. The unadjusted Q5:Q1 ratios for total annual cost per patient ranged from 9.49 to 15.10. Adjusted ratios ranged from 1.72 to 1.80. Conclusions and Relevance There is variation in AK management cost within and between regions. This is not fully explained by differences in patient characteristics such as age, sex, or comorbidities. The annual cost for 10 common conditions from Medicare had lower Q5:Q1 ratios that ranged from 1.33 (joint degeneration of back/neck) to 1.69 (chronic sinusitis) when compared with 1.72 to 1.80 for AKs. This suggests an opportunity to investigate and improve the value of health care delivery in the management of AKs.
Application of GIS to Prioritize Brownfield Sites for Green Building Construction Based on LEED Criteria

AbstractAlthough there are many initiatives to create incentives for investors and developers to invest in and redevelop brownfield sites, efficient prioritization of brownfields by taking into acc...
Designing and deploying a bioinformatics software-defined network exchange (SDX): Architecture, services, capabilities, and foundation technologies

This paper describes a Bioinformatics Software Defined Network Exchange (SDX) or BioSDX, which has been designed, deployed, and demonstrated by a multi-organizational research consortium to enable bioinformatics knowledge discovery supported by dynamic networking services. This BioSDX uses precision networking to support precision medicine. The BioSDX is based on recent technical developments in infrastructure abstraction that enables new types of tools and services utilizing programmable network infrastructure through high levels of resource virtualization. Combined with close integration of programmable cloud computing facilities, the BioSDX is an important advance in supporting the new paradigm of data intensive bioinformatics across multiple disciplines, including computational genomics and precision medicine.
Robust numerical phase stabilization for long-range swept-source optical coherence tomography.

A novel phase stabilization technique is demonstrated with significant improvement in the phase stability of a micro-electromechanical (MEMS) vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system. Without any requirements of hardware modifications, the new fully numerical phase stabilization technique features high tolerance to acquisition jitter, and significantly reduced budget in computational effort. We demonstrate that when measured with biological tissue, this technique enables a phase sensitivity of 89 mrad in highly scattering tissue, with image ranging distance of up to 12.5 mm at A-line scan rate of 100.3 kHz. We further compare the performances delivered by the phase-stabilization approach with conventional numerical approach for accuracy and computational efficiency. Imaging result of complex signal-based optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and Doppler OCTA indicate that the proposed phase stabilization technique is robust, and efficient in improving the image contrast-to-noise ratio and extending OCTA depth range. The proposed technique can be universally applied to improve phase-stability in generic SS-OCT with different scale of scan rates without a need for special treatment.
Socioeconomic status and parenting during adolescence in relation to ideal cardiovascular health in Black and White men.

Objective American Heart Association (AHA) developed a new metric to evaluate ideal cardiovascular health based on optimal levels of 7 cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviors. We evaluated the relationships of parenting characteristics and academic achievement in adolescence in relation to ideal cardiovascular health in midlife men. Method We measured cardiovascular risk factors in 171 Black and 136 White men and their ideal cardiovascular health score was constructed based on AHA guidelines. When the participants were 13-16 years old, annual measures of parent-child communication, positive relationship, parental monitoring, family cohesion, boys' involvement in family activities, and academic achievement were recorded and averaged. Results Confirmatory factor analysis of adolescent parenting measures revealed a single Parenting Composite. Multiple linear regressions showed a significant Race by Parenting Composite interaction term, β = -.19, p = .03; better parenting was significantly related to more ideal cardiovascular health in Blacks only, β = -.23, p = .004, which remained after adjustments for adolescent and adult socioeconomic status (SES). Academic achievement was related to ideal cardiovascular health, β = -.13, but was no longer significant after controls for adult SES. Adult SES was a strong correlate of ideal cardiovascular health in Black and White men. Conclusions Black men exposed to positive parenting during adolescence had more ideal cardiovascular health based on AHA guidelines. Improving academic achievement in adolescence may indirectly benefit adult cardiovascular health through improving adult SES. This is the first study of adolescent family predictors of the extent of ideal cardiovascular health. (PsycINFO Database Record
What is your dream? Fashioning the migrant self

Abstract In this paper I analyze a corpus of 15 video narratives of migration experiences posted on the United We Dream Movement website. The narratives are part of the group's campaign to convince the public and then President Obama to promote legislation to reform the migration system and help undocumented families stay together and not be deported. Based on a “narrative as practices” approach (De Fina and Georgakopoulou, 2008, 2012), I focus on the participation frameworks established through storytelling and on the linguistic and semiotic strategies used by narrators to present themselves as acceptable citizens. I illustrate how Dreamers negotiate both innovative identities as social activists and more “traditional” identities based on values largely shared in the host society.
Density functional study of the electronic properties of the Si (001)2x1-potassium surface

We have studied the interaction of alkali metals with Si(001)-2xl surface within the density functional formalism using the SCF pseudopotential method. Some experimental data which are subject to misinterpretation, coupled with our lack of knowledge about the exact adsorption structure, have led to some controversy about the nature of the K-Si bonding. We provide a resolution of some of these problems. We show that the active intrinsic surface states play a crucial role in determining the bonding between K and S(00 l)-2x 1. In particular, the overlayer metallization is suppressed even up to saturation coverages for this metal-semiconductor system.
Striving to involve undergraduates in economic research at Wellesley College

One of the key advantages of attending a small liberal arts college is the opportunity to engage in research; at research universities, these opportunities are often given to graduate students. Further, smaller class sizes make it possible to personalize instruction to showcase how the tools students learn in their courses are used to answer questions of practical and social relevance. At Wellesley, consuming and producing research is embedded in the curriculum for every student. Supplementary programs such as summer research opportunities, honors theses, and fellowships allow students who develop serious interest in research to hone their technical skills and to work with faculty on peer-reviewed publications. This experience helps students decide whether or not to pursue a PhD, and can help in the application process.
Who will make America great again? ‘Black people, of course…’

The author reflects on the relevance of her intellectual journey through the Black consciousness movement in the 1960s to her pedagogy teaching from a Black Studies theoretical perspective on liber...
A case of hypertrophic herpes simplex virus affecting the eyelid and cornea masquerading as IgG4-related disease

Abstract Purpose To report a case of hypertrophic herpes simplex virus (HSV) of the eyelid and cornea masquerading as IgG4-related disease. Observations A 37-year old African American female with a past medical history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and a recent history of treated genital herpes, presented with an ulcerative lesion of the left upper and lower eyelids, and severe ocular inflammation with symblepharon. Initially, eyelid biopsy revealed findings consistent with IgG4-related disease, and the patient was treated with high dose oral prednisone. After one week of therapy, there was no improvement in the patient's symptoms, and she subsequently developed a corneal epithelial defect which progressed to chronic ulceration. Repeat biopsy and corneal cultures revealed herpes simplex virus type 2. The patient was treated with high dose acyclovir, and the lid lesion improved. The conjunctival inflammation and corneal epithelial defect resolved but symblepharon restricting her eye movement remained. She also developed corneal vascularization and opacification causing severe vision loss. Conclusions and importance Chronic hypertrophic herpes simplex virus infection is a rare condition reported in patients with HIV. While there have been few reports of hypertrophic HSV affecting the eyelid, this is the first reported case of hypertrophic HSV affecting the eye, resulting in severe vision loss.
Order, Disorder, and Reorder: The Paradox of Creole Representations in Caribbeana (1741 )

Throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, British West Indian colonies were as important to the expanding British Empire as those on the North American mainland. However, writing authored in the West Indies has been conspicuously absent from most anthologies of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British and American literature. Thus, it may be argued that Caribbeana (1741), a collection of entries first printed by Samuel Keimer in the Barbados Gazette (1732–38), pioneers as the first English language anthology of West Indian poetry, essays, and letters – literary artifacts both written and published in the West Indies. In addition, the Barbados Gazette is historically important as Barbados’ first newspaper and the first bi-weekly newspaper in the Americas.
Rules for Correlating Posterior Circulation Brain and Vascular Lesions

Although rules are not always correct, life would surely be chaotic and unstructured without them. In The Cider House Rules by John Irving, each year a list of rules was posted for the itinerant, often illiterate, undisciplined, and frequently intoxicated workers who processed the apple harvest into cider. Despite the fact that the rules often went unread and mostly unheeded, their mere presence lent some order to the workday. Rules serve as a baseline, a place mark for future change and improvement. Herein I share my present rules for topographic brain-stem and cerebellar correlation with vascular lesions. I am not much troubled that some, if not many, of the rules will be proven wrong, or at least imprecise and partially incorrect. They are a start.
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry in Twenty-First Century Archaeology

Edward Hall’s abstract for his 1960 paper entitled “X-ray fluorescent analysis applied to archaeology” in the journal Archaeometry is just as appropriate half a century later. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is even more “well established” now, but is “not suitable for some projects” even though it might seem so, and archaeologists might think XRF is really appropriate. This volume is dedicated to issues in XRF analysis in geoarchaeology in particular. How does XRF work, and more importantly when and where is it appropriate? We have attempted to convey this without using physical science jargon, although it was difficult at many points. I have provided a glossary at the end of the volume to help in this direction.
What is the state of the art in orthopaedic thromboprophylaxis in lower extremity reconstruction

Venous thromboembolic events, including deep venous thromboses and pulmonary embolisms, have a high risk of occurrence in patients treated with lower extremity arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery. Although the prevalence of these complications has been lowered with the use of venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, the current rate is still troublesome because of the possibility of death or the need for lifetime treatment of postthrombotic syndrome and/or pulmonary hypertension. Prophylactic methods currently include mechanical devices and pharmacologic agents. Mechanical devices are difficult to compare because they are not standardized, the devices are often used in multimodal prophylactic regimens, and the devices cannot be used when the patient is ambulating or at home. A new portable compression device allows use during ambulation and can be used by the patient at home. A recent study of this portable device in patients treated with total hip arthroplasty showed an efficacy similar to that of low-molecular-weight heparin, with fewer major bleeding complications. Pharmacologic prophylaxis includes low-molecular-weight heparin, synthetic pentasaccharide, warfarin, and aspirin. All of these agents have different degrees of efficacy and safety. New oral agents for thromboprophylaxis are on the horizon but are not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
Recent Advances in Emerging Nonthermal Technologies

In the last several years there has been an important increase in novel technologies being tested for food processing. Technologies in the beginning stages of development 20 or 15 years ago, such as high hydrostatic pressure, are an industrial reality today. Other new physical and chemical hurdles are currently being investigated for use as microbial inactivation tools to process and extend the shelf life of food. Ultrasound, cold plasma and ozone are some of the best examples currently under research. Meanwhile, other nonthermal technologies with a high potential for use industrially in the near future, such as pulsed electric fields (PEF) and ultraviolet light, are under development with close attention to consumer needs and preferences. However, sometimes the consumer is not aware of the benefits of novel technologies because of a lack of available information. This chapter includes a brief summary of the latest developments of some of these novel technologies. An update on research using high hydrostatic pressure and pulsed electric fields is presented. Some new facts on other new technologies for food processing such as ultrasound and dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) are included. Also, one of the newest technologies in food engineering, cold plasma, is presented, along with some of the most recent advances in research. Consumer trends, knowledge and preferences about food processing are briefly discussed, as well as the current challenges of some of the technologies.
A new technique for permeability calculation of core samples from unconventional gas reservoirs

Abstract Unconventional reservoirs and their outstanding characteristics have introduced a new field of research in reservoir engineering. The main challenge arises from the fact that in tight formations pore-throat size lays in the range of a few nanometers to a few dozens of nanometers, which makes the estimation of permeability a difficult task. When developing a permeability model for shale media, it is very important to accommodate for surface adsorption and transient flow effects, in addition to slippage effect and Knudsen diffusion, in order to achieve an accurate model. Prediction of fluid flow inside shale rock needs development of new models that take into account not only the diffusive flow but also the effect of high amount of gas adsorbed to the surface of the pores. In this work, we have proposed a new semi-empirical method for calculation of gas permeability inside tight formations. The method uses experimental data obtained from core plugs (canister data) and an analytical solution of continuity equation coupled with gas desorption in tight porous media. By matching the production data from core plugs, we have been able to calculate gas permeability by solving the analytical equation. We have been able to capture the effect of pore pressure on permeability by using production data at various core saturation pressures. We also compared our model with two previously proposed models. The results of this study show that the permeability calculated using our model is closer to experimental measurements of similar rock samples and comparable with other models.
Generative Modeling of Multi-mapping Reads with mHi-C Advances Analysis of High Throughput Genome-wide Conformation Capture Studies

Current Hi-C analysis approaches are unable to account for reads that align to multiple locations, and hence underestimate biological signal from repetitive regions of genomes. We developed and validated mHi-C, a multi-read mapping strategy to probabilistically allocate Hi-C multi-reads. mHi-C exhibited superior performance over utilizing only uni-reads and heuristic approaches aimed at rescuing multi-reads on benchmarks. Specifically, mHi-C increased the sequencing depth by an average of 20% resulting in higher reproducibility of contact matrices and detected interactions across biological replicates. The impact of the multi-reads on the detection of significant interactions is influenced marginally by the relative contribution of multi-reads to the sequencing depth compared to uni-reads, cis-to-trans ratio of contacts, and the broad data quality as reflected by the proportion of mappable reads of datasets. Computational experiments highlighted that in Hi-C studies with short read lengths, mHi-C rescued multi-reads can emulate the effect of longer reads. mHi-C also revealed biologically supported bona fide promoter-enhancer interactions and topologically associating domains involving repetitive genomic regions, thereby unlocking a previously masked portion of the genome for conformation capture studies.