cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeat Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation Is Beneficial for Chronic Posterior Sacroiliac Joint Pain.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of repeat cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) in chronic posterior sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. DESIGN The electronic records of 41 adult patients who had successful CRFA were reviewed for duration of pain relief and utilization of medical care for six months before and after each CRFA procedure. SETTING Academic, tertiary medical center. PATIENTS Forty-one adult patients who had CRFA for chronic posterior SIJ pain. RESULTS A repeat ipsilateral CRFA ablation procedure provided 9.0 months of pain relief compared with 5.5 months after the first CRFA procedure (P = 0.0378). The total number of medical treatments decreased after the first CRFA procedure (from 343 to 201). The medical cost decreased by 51.0% after the first CRFA and by 70.4% after the repeated CRFA procedure. CONCLUSIONS Using repeated nonsurgical, minimally invasive approach, CRFA relieves chronic posterior SIJ pain and reduces patients' utilization of medical services.
Altered Hypothalamic Region Covariance in Migraine and Cluster Headache: A Structural MRI Study.

OBJECTIVES The hypothalamus plays a key role in both migraine and cluster headache (CH). As brain region-to-region structural correlations are believed to reflect structural and functional brain connectivity patterns, we assessed the structural covariance patterns between the volume of the hypothalamic region and vertex-by-vertex measurements of cortical thickness in patients with migraine and in those with CH relative to healthy controls (HC). METHODS T1-weighted images were acquired on a 3T MRI scanner for a total of 59 subjects including 18 patients with CH (age: mean = 43.8, SD = 12.4), 19 with migraine (age: mean = 40.1, SD = 12.2), and 22 HCs (age: mean = 39.1, SD = 8.2). Imaging was collected between attacks (migraineurs) and during out-of-bout phases (CH). Data were post-processed using FreeSurfer version 6.0 and within-group correlations between hypothalamic region volume with cortical thickness were explored using a whole-brain vertex-wise linear model approach. Between-group differences in correlation slopes between hypothalamic region volume and vertex-by-vertex measurements of cortical thickness were interrogated using post-hoc comparisons. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences (migraine vs CH; migraine vs HC; or CH vs HC) for age, sex, total brain volume or volume of the left or right hypothalamic region. For each group, there were significant positive correlations (P < .01) between right and left hypothalamic region volumes with cortical thickness measurements. HC had significant positive correlations between hypothalamic region volume and cortical thickness over large portions of the superior and rostral medial frontal, orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate, and smaller clusters in the superior and middle temporal, posterior cingulate, fusiform, and precentral cortex. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences in covariance patterns in those with migraine and CH relative to HC, with both migraine patients and CH having weaker structural covariance of hypothalamic region volume with frontal and temporal cortical thickness. CONCLUSION Recent evidence suggests hypothalamic region connectivity to frontal and temporal areas to be relevant for regulating pain perception. Thus, the diminished structural covariance in migraineurs and CH might suggest abnormal functioning of the pain control circuitry and contribute to mechanisms underlying central sensitization and chronification of pain.
The treatment of bulimia nervosa: A cognitive-social learning analysis.

A cognitive-behavioral analysis accommodates much of the available evidence on the nature of bulimia nervosa. It seems best suited to conceptualizing the maintenance and modification of bulimia. D. M. Garner et al. found that on both clinical and psychometric measures, normal-weight bulimics resembled bulimic anorexics and that both groups differed from anorexics of the restricting type. These psychosocial pressures on women frequently conflict with biological reality. The cognitive-behavioral treatment was superior to psychotherapy in terms of its effects on patients’ general clinical status, psychopathology, social adjustment, and self-assessment of outcome. Exposure and response prevention is a behavioral technique that warrants particular attention, both because of its theoretical appeal and its empirical track record with clinical disorders, including bulimia nervosa. The use of exposure and response prevention in the treatment of bulimia nervosa derived from J. C. Rosen and H. Leitenberg’s analysis of the disorder in terms of the two-factor, anxiety-reduction model.
CALCULATING AVERAGE HOT WATER MIXES OF RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING FITTINGS Using the ANSI 301-2019 Hot Water Draw Model and National Residential Data to Estimate Hot Water Use in Showerheads and Lavatory Faucets

Author(s): Chen, Yuting; Fuchs, Heidi; Schein, Jonah; Franco, Victor; Stratton, Hannah; Dunham, Camilla
The war between ‘School Time’ and ‘Colored People’s Time’

Among the many problems facing higher education today one of the seemingly most unresolvable is diversity. Not only a matter of statistical representation, diversity involves universities’ inabilit...
Congenital long-QT syndrome

Abstract Long-QT syndromes (LQTSs), most frequently caused by loss of function mutations affecting outward potassium currents or by gain-of-function mutations affecting inward sodium current, are associated with risk of syncope and sudden cardiac death. Estimating this risk and determining the appropriate intensity of treatment is a crucial component of the management of LQTS patients. One of the risk factors for LQTS-associated arrhythmia (along with QT duration, history of symptoms, age, and genotype) is sex. This effect appears to be hormonally mediated and varies over the life cycle. This chapter reviews data from the International Long-QT Registry and from other studies worldwide and suggests strategies for integrating sex into management decisions.
CRAY and QCD

Supercomputers now stand at the forefront of scientific research. Engineers have always had a need for scientific calculators. But computational methods have also become increasingly relevant to basic research. Supercomputers now come as complementary tools to the analytic approach of complex problems, allowing for numerical results over a full- range of parameters when the analytic solution can only be obtained for a few limiting cases. In some particularly difficult non-linear problems, computers are even used qualitatively to provide hints at the salient features of the solution. Computer modeling and simulations have become a widely cultivated art, steadily invading every field of physics, chemistry, biomedical and even social sciences. Universities are awakening to the high inflation index on computer needs, and some are starting to plan fast hardware obsolescence and successive machine upgrades. Since CRAY machines represent roughly 2/3 of the worldwide supercomputer installations, and since I happen to work there, I have been asked to present an overview of the Cray line to all of you potential customers. I will try to tempt you in Part I. I will show some recent results from my own research in lattice gauge theory in Part II. QCD simulations represent an exciting showcase for these computers and I would like to stress the quality of the results which can be achieved through proper use with machines already available. A caveat: this is an informal presentation and my viewpoint in Part I may be somewhat different from the official one.
Models of SIV rebound after treatment interruption that involve multiple reactivation events

In order to assess the efficacy of novel HIV-1 treatments leading to a functional cure, the time to viral rebound is frequently used as a surrogate endpoint. The longer the time to viral rebound, the more efficacious the therapy. In support of such an approach, mathematical models serve as a connection between the size of the latent reservoir and the time to HIV-1 rebound after treatment interruption. The simplest of such models assumes that a single successful latent cell reactivation event leads to observable viremia after a period of exponential viral growth. Here we consider a generalization developed by Pinkevych et al. and Hill et al. of this simple model in which multiple reactivation events can occur, each contributing to the exponential growth of the viral load. We formalize and improve the previous derivation of the dynamics predicted by this model, and use the model to estimate relevant biological parameters from SIV rebound data. We confirm a previously described effect of very early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on the rate of recrudescence and the viral load growth rate after treatment interruption. We find that every day ART initiation is delayed results in a 39% increase in the recrudescence rate (95% credible interval: [18%, 62%]), and a 11% decrease of the viral growth rate (95% credible interval: [4%, 20%]). We show that when viral rebound occurs early relative to the viral load doubling time, a model with multiple successful reactivation events fits the data better than a model with only a single successful reactivation event.
Nonparametric data science: Testing hypotheses in large complex data

Abstract Big data contains very large, structured, or unstructured data sets, requiring novel statistical techniques to extract typically not well-defined parameters. The availability of massive amounts of complex data sets has provided challenges and opportunities to process and analyze the data, which is difficult using traditional data processing techniques. New protocols and methods are needed not only to record, store, and analyze the live streaming massive data sets but also to develop new analytical tools for testing hypotheses to gain novel insights and discoveries from systems that were previously not understood. There is a need to establish a clear path, and create and implement innovative new approaches, which are not distribution dependent to increase the understanding of complex large datasets. Data analysis is a challenge due to the lack of scalability of the underlying algorithms and the complexity of the data. Existing statistical tools, most of them are developed to draw inference from incomplete information available, have not been able to keep up with the speed of advancements in modern technologies generating a massive amount of continuous streaming data. The new approaches based on nonparametric methods have capabilities to yield transformational changes in biomedical research; integrate with next-generation technology platforms that can accelerate scientific discovery; use data ecosystems based on the data generated by researchers; and facilitate harmonization of data, methods, and technologies; and provide cutting-edge theory-based nonparametric methods in advanced computing environments. Each upgrade to a larger length scale increases variability and volume, which will eventually generate a rich data landscape that must be analyzed by cutting-edge analytical tools using both structured and general data-mining novel approaches in a continuous processing mode. The nonparametric analytical tools and concepts are needed to analyze such massive data to keep up with rapidly growing technology and which can also be used in the analysis of continuous streaming big data.
Mo 96 ( d , p ) Mo 97 reaction

The $^{96}\mathrm{Mo}(d,p)^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$ reaction was studied with 16-MeV deuterons. Experimental angular distributions were analyzed by use of distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations to determine $l$ values and spectroscopic strengths. The results are compared with previous data and the neutron configurations of $^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$ are examined in comparison with neighboring molybdenum and zirconium nuclei.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{96}\mathrm{Mo}(d,p)^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$, $E=16$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{p},\ensuremath{\theta})$; $^{97}\mathrm{Mo}$ deduced levels, ${l}_{n}$, ${G}_{\mathrm{lj}}$.]
Clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment, and short- and long-term survival in horses with peritonitis: 72 cases (2007-2017).

Objective To identify etiology, clinical findings, diagnostic results, treatment, and short- and long-term survival and to report factors associated with nonsurvival and survival in horses with peritonitis. Study design Retrospective study. Animals Horses (n = 72). Methods Medical records at William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 2007-2017 were reviewed for horses diagnosed with peritonitis. The essential inclusion criterion was a peritoneal nucleated cell count of ≥25 000 cells/μL. Gastrointestinal rupture and cases in which peritonitis occurred after abdominal surgery or castration were excluded. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, history, clinicopathological and peritoneal fluid variables, diagnostic imaging findings, inciting cause, treatment, and short- and long-term survival. Data were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and χ2 test (P Results Colic was the most common presenting complaint (34/72 [48%]). A definitive diagnosis could be made in 44 (44/72 [61%]) cases. The most common cause of peritonitis was infectious agents (31/72), followed by trauma (8/72), gastrointestinal thickening (3/72), and eosinophilic peritonitis (2/72). Idiopathic peritonitis was identified in 28 (28/72 [39%]) cases. Sixty (83%) horses survived to hospital discharge. Long-term follow-up was available for 49 horses, with 43 (88%) horses alive 1 year after discharge. Significant differences between nonsurvivors and survivors were history of colic, positive peritoneal fluid culture, and several hematological/peritoneal fluid variables. Conclusion Peritoneal fluid analysis was essential for a definitive diagnosis of peritonitis, and certain variables were useful for predicting outcome. Clinical significance Results of this study provide evidence of the value of peritoneal fluid analysis for identification of peritonitis, prediction of outcome, and successful treatment.
Sustainability of paediatric asthma care quality in community hospitals after ending a national quality improvement collaborative

Background Community hospitals, which care for most hospitalised children in the USA, may be vulnerable to declines in paediatric care quality when quality improvement (QI) initiatives end. We aimed to evaluate changes in care quality in community hospitals after the end of the Pathways for Improving Paediatric Asthma Care (PIPA) national QI collaborative. Methods We conducted a longitudinal cohort study during and after PIPA. PIPA included 45 community hospitals, of which 34 completed the 12-month collaborative and were invited for extended sustainability monitoring (total of 21–24 months from collaborative start). PIPA provided paediatric asthma pathways, educational materials/seminars, QI mentorship, monthly data reports, a mobile application and peer-to-peer learning opportunities. Access to pathways, educational materials and the mobile application remained during sustainability monitoring. Charts were reviewed for children aged 2–17 years old hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of asthma (maximum 20 monthly per hospital). Outcomes included measures of guideline adherence (early bronchodilator administration via metered-dose inhaler (MDI), secondhand smoke screening and referral to smoking cessation resources) and length of stay (LOS). We evaluated outcomes using multilevel regression models adjusted for patient mix, using an interrupted time-series approach. Results We analysed 2159 hospitalisations from 23 hospitals (68% of eligible). Participating hospitals were structurally similar to those that dropped out but had more improvement in guideline adherence during the collaborative (29% vs 15%, p=0.02). The end of the collaborative was associated with a significant initial decrease in early MDI administration (81%–68%) (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.26 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.42)) and decreased rate of referral to smoking cessation resources (2.2% per month increase to 0.3% per month decrease) (aOR 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.98)) but no significant changes in LOS or secondhand smoke screening. Conclusions The end of a paediatric asthma QI collaborative was associated with concerning declines in guideline adherence in community hospitals.
Rare Complications of Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report

Author(s): Kurtzman, Nicholas; Adler, Jamie; Ketterer, Andrew; Lewis, Jason | Abstract: Introduction: Appendicitis is a common disease, and as we have improved in early diagnosis and management of this disease process, late stage complications have become extremely rare, but can have indolent presentations.Case Report: A 37-year-old male with no past medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with vague abdominal pain as well as 12 days of cyclical fever. He had no significant findings on laboratory workup with the exception of a mild aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase and relative neutrophilia between outpatient, urgent care, and ultimate ED visit. His ED workup included cross-sectional imaging of his abdomen revealing multiple liver abscesses and septic thrombophlebitis secondary to ruptured appendicitis.Conclusion: Liver abscesses and septic thrombophlebitis are an extremely rare complication of appendicitis that has only been documented twice previously.
A Time of Student Reflection in the Schools

In 1995 Bill Clinton made a speech in Vienna, Virginia, just outside Washington D.C., in which he criticized public schools for not allowing moments of silence used for reflection in a way that is consistent with the child’s personal belief system. Such exercises can help a student conquer stress, handle their emotions better, and give them a sense of peace. Educators such as Horace Mann, William James, H. H. Horne, and others warned for many years about the consequences of failing the educate the whole person. The reality is that schools should welcome a time of reflection and not only that, welcome pupils who reflect. This chapter also addresses the tendency for teachers to want to avoid talking about spiritual matters; and that in reality this is not being neutral, but rather comes across as dismissive of the spiritual realm. A moment of silence can be used in whatever way a student desires, i.e., to pray, reflect, and so forth. Such an exercise can help students who could potentially be shooters regain their composure and embrace a proper perspective on life.
Connection between Concrete Filled Tube (CFT) Columns and Prefabricated elements using UHPC

Concrete filled tube (CFT) is a composite member consisting of concrete filled inside a steel tube encasement which acts as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. The confinement provided by the steel tube improves the flexural and cyclic behavior of the composite. In general, CFT eliminates the use of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement in the concrete fill and acts as a stay in place formwork. This reduces the onsite construction time and formwork cost which makes it a feasible choice for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) applications. An extensive research on component testing of CFT has led to well-developed design expressions. However, the behavior of the connection for CFT to prefabricated footing and cap beams has not been investigated in detail, and, as a consequence their application in bridge industry has been limited. In this research, a new detail is envisioned for connection of prefabricated elements with CFT using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Due to superior mechanical and durability properties, UHPC allows reduction in embedment depth of the tube while providing durability. The connection is aimed at providing full flexural capacity of the tube. The schematic of the construction stages is shown in Figure 1. The connection is constructed by forming a recess in the precast element. The CFT is placed inside the recess and filled with an UHPC which encases the tube. The remaining CFT is filled with normal strength concrete. The force transfer is accomplished through dowels which are embedded in the structural element. The detail allows large tolerances for connecting prefabricated elements mitigating one of the major challenges in precast construction. A test specimen is designed based on an analytical and numerical study as shown in Figure 2. The specimen is subjected to a combination of cyclic load and axial load and the response is measured through extensive instrumentation. It is anticipated that the CFT will undergo the ductile tearing of the tube as a preferred mode of failure while the capacity protected element does not undergo any damage.
Youth and Provider Perspectives on Behavior-Tracking Mobile Apps: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Mobile health apps stand as one possible means of improving evidence-based mental health interventions for youth. However, a better understanding of youth and provider perspectives is necessary to support widespread implementation. Objective: The objective of this research was to explore both youth and provider perspectives on using mobile apps to enhance evidence-based clinical care, with an emphasis on gathering perspectives on behavior-tracking apps. Methods: Inductive qualitative analysis was conducted on data obtained from semistructured interviews held with 10 youths who received psychotherapy and 12 mental health care providers who conducted therapy with youths aged 13-26 years. Interviews were independently coded by multiple coders and consensus meetings were held to establish reliability. Results: During the interviews, the youths and providers broadly agreed on the benefits of behavior tracking and believed that tracking via app could be more enjoyable and accessible. Providers and youths also shared similar concerns that negative emotions and user burden could limit app usage. Participants also suggested potential app features that, if implemented, would help meet the clinical needs of providers and support long-term use among youth. Such features included having a pleasant user interface, reminders for clients, and graphical output of data to clients and providers. Conclusions: Youths and providers explained that the integration of mobile health into psychotherapy has the potential to make treatment, particularly behavior tracking, easy and more accessible. However, both groups had concerns about the increased burden that could be placed on the clients and providers.
Ouabain Regulates CFTR-Mediated Anion Secretion and Na,K-ATPase Transport in ADPKD Cells

Cyst enlargement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) requires the transepithelial secretion of fluid into the cyst lumen. We previously showed that physiological amounts of ouabain enhance cAMP-dependent fluid secretion and cyst growth of human ADPKD cyst epithelial cells in culture and formation of cyst-like dilations in metanephric kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which ouabain promotes cAMP-dependent fluid secretion and cystogenesis. Ouabain (3 nM) enhanced cAMP-induced cyst-like dilations in embryonic kidneys from Pkd1 m1Bei mice, but had no effect on metanephroi from Pkd1 m1Bei mice that lack expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Similarly, ouabain stimulation of cAMP-induced fluid secretion and in vitro cyst growth of ADPKD cells were abrogated by CFTR inhibition, showing that CFTR is required for ouabain effects on ADPKD fluid secretion. Moreover, ouabain directly enhanced the cAMP-dependent Cl− efflux mediated by CFTR in ADPKD monolayers. Ouabain increased the trafficking of CFTR to the plasma membrane and up-regulated the expression of the CFTR activator PDZK1. Finally, ouabain decreased plasma membrane expression and activity of the Na,K-ATPase in ADPKD cells. Altogether, these results show that ouabain enhances net fluid secretion and cyst formation by activating apical anion secretion via CFTR and decreasing basolateral Na+ transport via Na,K-ATPase. These results provide new information on the mechanisms by which ouabain affects ADPKD cells and further highlight the importance of ouabain as a non-genomic stimulator of cystogenesis in ADPKD.
Magnetic gear scaling analysis using magnetomechanical deflection analysis

In this paper the mechanical deflection of steel bars, of different length, in a flux focusing magnetic gear is studied. The mechanical deflection is caused by the magnetic attraction between the steel bars and the inner and outer rotor magnets of the magnetic gear. An iterative magnetomechanical approach using commercial finite element analysis software has been adopted. Two different diameter magnetic gear models with different axial lengths have been modeled and the deflection has been calculated for each model. Experimental verification for one model is also shown. The paper shows that when operating with a small air-gap and long axial length the mechanical deflection can become significant.
Optimal and efficient buffer insertion and wire sizing

We present optimal solutions to the following problems: (1) post-layout buffer insertion, (2) wire-sizing and (3) simultaneous buffer insertion and wire-sizing. We optimize a practical objective function: required arrival time. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first sub-exponential algorithms for these problems. In experiments, we observe substantial improvements over previous results for buffer insertion, and up to 25% improvement in delay by wire-sizing.
Das X-Internet — Verbindung zwischen physischer und Cyber-Welt

In nur 20 Jahren hat das Internet die Art und Weise, wie wir leben, lernen, arbeiten und unsere Freizeit gestalten, grundlegend verandert. Das Revolutionare am Internet ist, dass es einen Standardweg aufzeigt, der Menschen uberall auf der Welt miteinander verbindet.
Efficient method for eddy current analysis in permanent magnets of electric motors

This paper presents an efficient method for eddy current analysis in permanent magnets (PM) used in electric machines. Due to appreciable electric conductivity of sintered PM the energy losses related to induced eddy currents cannot be neglected. Since the resulting increase of temperature may weaken the magnetomotive force or even demagnetize the PM material. Two numerical approaches for eddy current calculations in massive materials are commonly applied: 2d model (assuming infinite axial length) and 3d model (usually suffering from numerical inefficiency). In this paper we discuss numerically efficient method for eddy current computation taking actual axial length into account. We propose to extend the 2d field-circuit-motion time-stepping model to 3d model of induced electric field in the area of massive conducting elements, for instance, the PM of electric motor. Design study of a brushless dc motor is presented. During numerical experiments two contributions to the PM losses are characterized: idle run losses due to stator slotting, and armature reaction losses due to high frequency current switching. The influence of the PM segmentation on the eddy current losses is studied.
Initial Management of Migraine Headaches with Oral Medications in a Pediatric Emergency Unit (P7.204)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pediatric patient characteristics associated with successful initial emergency unit (EU) management of migraine with oral medications alone. BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common cause of headache in patients presenting to the pediatric EU. However, there is no consensus on acute pediatric migraine management with oral versus intravenous medications. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients who received a physician discharge diagnosis of migraine (aged 6 to 18 years, mean 14 +/- 3 years) after presentation to a tertiary care pediatric EU between 2008 and 2011 (625 visits, 500 patients, 66% female). We examined whether age, sex, history of migraines, duration of headache, or previous use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) were associated with discharge after initial treatment with oral medications alone. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty nine visits for migraine (37% of all visits) were initially managed with oral medications alone. Of these, 157 visits (68%) were initially managed with only ibuprofen. Patients successfully discharged after initial management with oral medications tended to be younger, male, NSAID naive, or have shorter duration headaches. There was no association with previous history of migraine. Younger patients were also significantly more likely to tolerate initial treatment with ibuprofen alone (p=0.003, Student’s t-test). The area under the ROC curve plotting age as a predictor of whether a patient can be discharged after ibuprofen alone was 0.65 (p=0.001) with 13.5 years of age as the curve inflection point. CONCLUSIONS: Age was the most robust predictor of whether a patient could be discharged after EU treatment with ibuprofen alone. These results could help triage patients to oral versus intravenous medications at presentation, ensuring prompt and effective management of acute pediatric migraine. Disclosure: Dr. Aravamuthan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Williams has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mar has nothing to disclose.
Monitores de Actividad Física: limitaciones para medir la actividad física en la vida cotidiana

Teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de los me- todos de auto informe para medir patrones de actividad fisica con precisiony la forma poco practica de la observacion directa, a traves de los anos investigadores han desarrollado medi- das objetivas que son validasy confiables para estimar la actividad fisica. Acelerometros y po- dometros proporcionan estimaciones precisas de la actividad fisica en ambientes controlados y en la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos tienen limitaciones que deben ser consideradas antes de su uso. Acelerometros proporcionan una gran cantidad de informacion (por ejemplo, actividad, intensidad, las estimaciones de gasto- de energia), sin embargo, son caros y requieren un gran conocimiento y habilidad tecnica para ser utilizados con exito. Podometros requieren menos habilidad tecnica y son menos costosos, pero la mayoria se limitan al numero de pasos dados por un individuo
Introspection, attitude change, and attitude-behavior consistency: the disruptive effects of explaining why we feel the way we do

Publisher Summary The chapter presents evidence consistent with the observations of Roethke and Vargas Llosa that introspection can be disruptive. The focus is on one type of introspection-thinking—the reasons for one's feelings. The chapter demonstrates that this type of thought can cause people to change their minds about the way they feel and lead to a disconnection between their attitudes and their behavior. It is clear that asking people to think about reasons will often produce attitude change, particularly for affectively based attitudes. The direction of this change, however, has been difficult to predict. The chapter explains people who think about reasons and end up with an attitude that is significantly more negative or positive, on the average, than the attitudes of control subjects. The direction of attitude change is difficult to predict, because it is closely related to the hypothesis about the generation of a biased sample of reasons. In the chapter, there are at least two sorts of harmful attitudes that might be changed by thinking about reasons—those that are undesirable from the individual's perspective and those that are undesirable from a societal perspective.
Optimism, pessimism, and communication behavior in response to an earthquake prediction

This analysis examines the public response to the 1990 Iben Browning earthquake prediction within the framework of social comparisons theory, which provides a context for examining people's beliefs...
The Algerian wife or “l’amour n’a pas d’age”

Young male immigrants from North Africa come to France as much to defy a sense of globally structured exclusion as to escape the effects of other geopolitical stresses. While most anthropological work on Islam and North African youth in France documents a return to conservative Islam, this letter discusses another response to this same experience by illegal North African immigrants living in France. The response described here is one of humour, romance, and a continued desire to join the West rather than a rejection or challenge to French society. This letter provides ethnographic data on the phenomenon described above and so gives a view from the street of how romance may be one of the most important preoccupations of the clandestine male.
FRAGMENTS WITH less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 15 EMITTED FROM Au BOMBARDED WITH 2.1-GeV/NUCLEON $sup 16$O IONS AND 2.1-GeV PROTONS.

In the reaction 34-GeV $^{16}\mathrm{O}+\mathrm{Au}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Z$, fragments with $6l~Zl~15$ are emitted with higher than geometric cross section and with a broad distribution of energies extending down to \ensuremath{\sim} 0.8 MeV/nucleon. Such low kinetic energies are far below the hard-sphere Coulomb barrier and may imply extreme distortions of a nucleus raised to high temperature by the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ ion.
Phosphorylation- and Activation-independent Association of the Tyrosine Kinase Syk and the Tyrosine Kinase Substrates Cbl and Vav with Tubulin in B-Cells

Aggregation of the B-cell antigen receptor leads to the activation of the 72-kDa Syk protein-tyrosine kinase and the phosphorylation of tubulin on tyrosine. To explore the requirement of Syk catalytic activity for tubulin phosphorylation, tubulin was isolated from cytosolic fractions from anti-IgM-activated B-cells (DT40) that lacked endogenous Syk and immunoblotted with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. Tubulin was not tyrosine-phosphorylated in Syk− B-cells. Phosphorylation could be restored by the expression of wild-type, but not catalytically inactive, Syk. However, both catalytically inactive and wild-type Syk were capable of constitutive association with tubulin, indicating that tubulin phosphorylation is not required for this interaction. Anti-phosphotyrosine antibody immunoblotting of proteins adsorbed to colchicine-agarose revealed the presence of three major tubulin-associated phosphoproteins of 110, 90, and 74 kDa, the phosphorylation of which was dependent on Syk expression. The proteins of 110 and 90 kDa were identified as Cbl and Vav, two proto-oncogene products known to become prominently phosphorylated following receptor engagement. Both proteins were shown to be constitutively associated with tubulin.
Molecular biology and immunoregulation of human neurotropic JC virus in CNS.

The human polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), provides an excellent model system to investigate the reciprocal interaction of the immune and nervous systems. Infection with JCV occurs during childhood and the virus remains in the latent state with no apparent clinical symptoms. However, under immunosuppressed conditions, the virus enters the lytic cycle and upon cytolytic destruction of glial cells, causes the fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), named progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In this short review, we discuss the molecular pathogenesis of PML by highlighting the role of the immune system in modulating JCV gene activation and replication, and the latency/reactivation of this virus upon immunosuppression. Further, due to the higher incidence of PML among AIDS patients, we further elaborate on the cross-talk between JCV and HIV-1 by direct and indirect pathways that lead to enhanced expression of the JCV genome. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Grain Boundaries in Creep-Resistant Yttrium- and Lanthanum-Doped Alumina Microstructures

High-spatial-resolution analytical electron microscopy using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS) of yttrium- and lanthanum-doped Al2O3 has been conducted to ascertain the level of segregation of these impurities to grain boundaries. Line profile analyses indicate that the segregation is confined to a layer thickness of <3 nm. Similar amounts of excess solute have been observed in both dopant systems: 4.4 ± 1.5 and 4.5 ± 0.9 at./nm2 for yttrium and lanthanum, respectively. Assuming all the segregant is uniformly distributed within ±0.5 nm of the boundary, this excess corresponds to 9 ± 3 at.% for yttrium-doped Al2O3 and 10 ± 2 at.% for lanthanum-doped Al2O3. For both dopant systems, examination of the spatially resolved electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) on the Al-L2,3 edge suggests a loss in octahedral symmetry and a slight Al-O bond-length expansion. No significant change is noted in the O-K edge.
Fully Integrated Three-Dimensional Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection in Microchips: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications

A scalable and rather inexpensive solution to producing microanalytical systems with “on-chip” three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes is presented in this study, along with applicability to practical electrochemical (EC) detection scenarios such as preconcentration and interferant removal. This technique to create high-aspect-ratio (as much as 4:1) gold microstructures in constrained areas involved the modification of stud bump geometry with microfabricated silicon molds via an optimized combination of temperature, pressure, and time. The microelectrodes that resulted consisted of an array of square pillars ∼18 μm tall and 20 μm wide on each side, placed at the end of a microfabricated electrophoresis channel. This technique increased the active surface area of the microelectrodes by as much as a factor of 50, while mass transfer and, consequently, preconcentration collection efficiencies were increased to ∼100%, compared to ∼30% efficiency for planar nonmodified microelectrodes (samples that were used in...
Role of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in antioxidant defenses in rat alveolar macrophages.

Glutathione peroxidase is a crucial component of cellular antioxidant defenses. Using tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) as a model for oxidant stress in alveolar macrophages, we determined the effectiveness of glutathione peroxidase in preventing both cell “death” (lactate dehydrogenase release) and more subtle alterations in cell function. The KM of glutathione peroxidase for tBOOH was 54 μM, and the Vmax was 26 nmol/min/106 cells in alveolar macrophages. Concentrations of tBOOH greater than 100 μM caused lactate dehydrogenase release; however, a lag greater than 30 min was observed when with 10 μM tBOOH. With 200 μM tBOOH, the rate of decrease in membrane potential, measured by 3,3′ -dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide fluorescence, inversely correlated with glutathione peroxidase. Computer-enhanced microscopy showed that this fluorescence predominately was in mitochondria. NADPH fluorescence was altered in selenium-deficient alveolar macrophages; the tBOOH-dependent rate of NADPH oxidation was slowed, an...
Vestibular testing in basilar artery migraine

Vestibular function studies were performed in 20 children with symptoms suggesting basilar artery migraine. Sixteen children had abnormalities on bithermal caloric testing. Labyrinthine preponderance was found in 1 child with labyrinthine concussion and in 6 children with symptoms suggesting ischemia of the territory supplied by the basilar artery and the occipital branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. Directional preponderance was found in 4 children with symptoms suggesting ischemia of the posterior temporal branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. Five children had both labyrinthine and directional preponderance. Normal electronystagmographic findings were present in 4 children and correlated clinically with a milder illness. Head trauma was the triggering factor for the migraine in 5 children. Five children developed complex partial seizures and had evidence of directional preponderance (2 children) and combined labyrinthine and directional preponderance (2 children). The presence of abnormalities on electronystagmography in children with basilar artery migraine correlates with the severity of the disease. Directional preponderance or labyrinthine and directional preponderance are more frequently correlated with ischemia in the posterior temporal branches of the posterior cerebral arteries and may suggest a higher risk of developing vertiginous seizures when ischemia is prolonged.
State-Specific Differences in School Sports Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Policies

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the current preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) administrative policies and cardiovascular screening content of all 50 states and Washington, DC. METHODS: PPE policies, documents, and forms from all 50 states and Washington, DC, were compared with the preparticipation physical evaluation–fourth edition (PPE-4) consensus recommendations. All electronic documents were publicly available and obtained from state interscholastic athletic associations. RESULTS: Fifty (98%) states required a PPE before participation. Most states (53%, n = 27) required a specific PPE form, whereas 24% ( n = 12) of states recommended a specific form. Twenty-three states (45%) required or recommended use of the PPE-4 form or a modified version of it, and 27 states (53%) required or recommended use of outdated or unidentifiable forms. Ten states (20%) had not revised their PPE forms in >5 years. States permitted 9 different health care providers to administer PPEs. Only 22 states (43%) addressed all 12 of the PPE-4 personal and family history cardiovascular screening items, and 2 states (4%) addressed between 8 and 11 items. For the remaining 26 states, most (29%) addressed ≤3 screening items. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that inconsistencies in PPE policies exist nationwide. Most states have been slow to adopt PPE-4 recommendations and do not adequately address the personal and family cardiovascular history questions. Findings suggest a need for PPE standardization nationwide and adoption of an electronic PPE process. This approach would enable creation of a national database and benefit the public by facilitating a more evidenced PPE.
Reversal of Genetic Dwarfism in Tephrosia vogelii by Gibberellin

IN conjunction with a breeding programme designed to produce plants of Tephrosia vogelii Hook f. with a higher rotenone content, multiple crosses were made between two lines of similar morphology, but of separate geographical origin. Nine dwarf plants were obtained as segregants in an F 2 population of 103 individuals. These dwarfs were characterized by greatly reduced internodes, hypocotyls, petioles, and rachises. Leaflets were also much smaller, and leaf colour was a darker green than normal. The number of leaves per plant, the number of leaflets on corresponding leaves, and the size and colour of the cotyledons were unaffected.
Minority Stress, Masculinity, and Social Norms Predicting Gay Men's Health Risk Behaviors

The authors examined the contributions of the minority stress model, traditional masculine gender roles, and perceived social norms in accounting for gay men’s use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and risky sexual practices. Three hundred fifteen gay men recruited from listserv communities completed measures assessing internalized homophobia, stigma, antigay physical attack, masculinity, and perceptions of normative health behaviors, along with health risk behaviors of alcohol use, illicit drug use, smoking, and high-risk sexual behaviors. Pearson correlations supported several hypotheses; social norms and masculinity variables were significantly related to health risk behaviors. Four multiple regression analyses indicated that masculinity and perceptions of social norms predicted health risk behaviors. Additionally, a significant interaction was found between minority stress and perceptions of social norms. The clinical implications of the findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Time Shifting Chaotic Signals Using Synchronization

In this paper we examine couplings that produce time-shifted synchronization. We find a surprising variety of time-shifted states can be attained without including an explicit time-delay term in the coupling. We characterize the observed synchronization by determining the dependence of the time shift and cross correlation between the drive and response oscillators on a tunable parameter. Our observations agree well with a recently introduced method for estimating the time shift and cross correlation using a transfer function.
A practical look at gold foil.

Abstract Gold foil restorations should be made for many pit- and fissure-type carious lesions as well as for small cervical lesions on posterior teeth. When they are made in conjunction with full mouth reconstruction or multiple inlays and bridges, gold foil restorations enhance the reconstruction of the more seriously broken-down teeth and edentulous areas. These restorations also remove the undesirable side effects of dissimilar metals in the same mouth. The average dentist possesses the skill necessary to perform these procedures.
Low doses of ethanol and a neuroactive steroid positively interact to modulate rat GABAA receptor function

Fast inhibitory responses in the central nervous system are mediated by the GABAA receptor. The activation and function of the GABAA receptor can be modulated by a variety of compounds including benzodiazepines, barbiturates and neuroactive steroids. Modulation of the GABAA receptor function by ethanol has been observed in some but not all studies. We have studied the effect of ethanol at concentrations corresponding to light intoxication on the function of the recombinant GABAA receptor containing α1β2γ2 subunits. The experiments were performed both in the absence and presence of low, subthreshold concentrations of a neuroactive steroid. The results demonstrate that, in the presence of the steroid, 0.05 % (9 mm) ethanol potentiates the GABAA receptor function by increasing the channel mean open duration. No effect was observed on the channel closed time durations. The data suggest that ethanol influences channel closing with no effect on the affinity of the receptor for GABA or the channel opening rate constant.
Emote aloud during learning with AutoTutor: Applying the Facial Action Coding System to cognitive–affective states during learning

In an attempt to discover the facial action units for affective states that occur during complex learning, this study adopted an emote-aloud procedure in which participants were recorded as they verbalised their affective states while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system (AutoTutor). Participants’ facial expressions were coded by two expert raters using Ekman's Facial Action Coding System and analysed using association rule mining techniques. The two expert raters received an overall kappa that ranged between .76 and .84. The association rule mining analysis uncovered facial actions associated with confusion, frustration, and boredom. We discuss these rules and the prospects of enhancing AutoTutor with non-intrusive affect-sensitive capabilities.
Role of asparagine-linked glycosylation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane envelope function

Transmembrane envelope protein (TM) residues 100, 105, and 128 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain HXB2 are potential sites for asparagine-linked oligosaccharide additions which are conserved among HIV-1 isolates, and all other lentivirus TM proteins. Site-specific mutants of each of the asparagine residues did not eliminate the ability of the virus to infect and replicate in CD4+ cells, but infectivity was reduced with all of these mutants, and syncytia induction was attenuated with two of these mutants. Studies of envelope expression of the mutant with the most severe defect demonstrated no significant effects on envelope protein synthesis, conformation, processing, multimerization, or release into the culture medium, suggesting that N-linked oligosaccharides are important in the specific fusion activity of TM.