cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A non-homoleptic Cu9 [3 × 3] mixed ligand grid: structural and magnetic properties

Abstract The tritopic hydrazide ligand m2poap (from the reaction of 4-methoxy-2,6-dicarboxylic hydrazide and methyl imino-2-picolinate) reacted with Cu(NO3)2 to produce a linear trinuclear diazine (N–N) bridged m2poap complex, and a nona-nuclear Cu(II)9 mixed ligand [3×3] grid complex, containing two 4-chloro-2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate (Clpic2−) ligands, and four deprotonated m2poap ligands. The presence of Clpic2− arises from an impurity in the ligand, which results from hydrolysis of a starting material. Clpic2− connects three Cu(II) centers in an unusual oxygen bridged coordination mode. The smaller bite of this ligand leads to a contraction of the grid, compared with homoleptic [3×3] grid examples, and results in enhanced ferromagnetic exchange within the grid. The trinuclear complex of m2poap exhibits fairly strong antiferromagentic exchange, typical of N–N bridged systems.
Disassembly of the Bacteriophage Mu Transposase for the Initiation of Mu DNA Replication

Abstract Upon catalyzing strand transfer, the Mu transposase (MuA) remains tightly bound to the resulting transposition intermediate, the strand transfer complex (STC), and poses an impediment to host replication proteins. Additional host factors, which can be resolved into two fractions (Mu Replication Factor α and β; MRFα and MRFβ), are required to disassemble the MuA complex and initiate DNA synthesis. MRFα modifies the protein content of the STC, removing MuA from the DNA in the process. The MRFβ promotes initiation of Mu DNA synthesis on the STC altered by the MRFα. These host factors cannot promote initiation of Mu DNA synthesis if the STC is damaged by partial proteolysis. Moreover, the mutant protein MuA211 cannot be removed from the STC by MRFα, blocking initiation of DNA synthesis. These results indicate that MuA in the STC plays a critical function in beginning a sequence of events leading to the establishment of a Mu replication fork.
Creating a Culture of Appreciation for Faculty Development

Beyond the dean and the faculty senate president, who is responsible for professional development of the faculty? In this chapter, three educational practitioners present a “hands-on” approach from outside the traditional academic circle and present their views as trustee, president, and financial officer regarding creating a campus-wide environment that promotes and achieves faculty development.
Static response of stranded wire helical springs

Abstract A theory for the large, static, axial response of a helical spring formed of a strand of twisted wires is presented. The wires in the strand are assumed to be in frictionless contact with their neighbors throughout the deformation. The response of a typical tension or compression spring is found to be weakly nonlinear at large spring strain, and relatively insensitive to the type of end condition.
Linear prediction z-transform (LPZ) method, Padé rational approximation, and the burg maximum entropy extrapolation

Abstract Alternatives to fast Fourier transformation using the linear prediction z -transform method and the Pade rational approximation method are discussed. These two closely related methods can be used to obtain a phase-sensitive spectrum with enhanced spectral resolution and reduced noise. Similarities and differences between the Burg maximum entropy method and the linear prediction extrapolation are discussed.
An indirect approach to estimating congestion tolls for recreation facilities

This paper examines the appropriate welfare maximizing solution to the problem of congestion at recreation sites. We show that a toll can be found which will equate the private and social costs of a recreation trip. The toll for any park may differ because of the characteristics of the park, the alternatives available, and the type of user. A system of tolls is found based on a recreation demand function estimated using the traditional travel cost approach. Estimating this demand function across individuals and parks and describing parks by their different characteristics provides the opportunity for estimating congestion tolls.
Regional heterogeneity of nicotine effects on neurotransmitters in rat brains in vivo at low doses.

In our recent studies on nicotine-induced changes in neurotransmitters in brain areas associated with cognitive function using a nicotine dose of 0.5 mg/kg administered subcutaneously to conscious freely moving rats, we found changes in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, and their metabolites, in the areas examined. For the present report we examined changes in these neurotransmitters following administration of lower nicotine doses, to test regional differences in nicotine response and possible threshold levels for some effects of nicotine. The doses used were 0.15 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg nicotine administered subcutaneously. Nicotine levels in the brain reached peak values in less than 10 min and decreased with a half-life of about 60 min (0.15 mg/kg) or 30 min (0.03 mg/kg) to values below detection limits (1 ng/g), by the later time points of the 0.03 mg/kg experiments. Nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) increase (and increase in DA metabolites) and decrease in 5-HT levels at 0.15 mg/kg were significant in the cortex, less so in the hippocampus. Norepinephrine (NE) increase at 0.15 mg/kg was much less significant than found previously at 0.5 mg/kg. At a low nicotine dose (0.03 mg/kg), the significant changes observed were a decrease in 5-HT in the hippocampus and small increases of DA and NE in the prefrontal cortex and of NE in the medial temporal cortex. In the nucleus accumbens DA, NE, and 5-HT and their metabolites in the ventral tegmental area, mostly DA and metabolites were increased. We conclude that in areas of cognitive function nicotine-induced DA changes are more concentration dependent than changes in NE or 5-HT, and that there are regional differences in neurotransmitter changes induced by nicotine, with NE changes detectable only in the cortex and 5-HT changes only in the hippocampus at a low nicotine dose, indicating significant regional variation in sensitivity to nicotine-induced neurotransmitter changes in brain areas associated with cognitive function. The decrease in 5-HT shows that nicotine also has indirect effects caused by neurotransmitters released by nicotine. The effects of low nicotine dose are more significant in areas of reward function, indicating differences in sensitivity between cognitive and reward functions.
SU-E-T-249: Theoretical Analysis of the Effects Uncertainties Have On Treatment Outcomes.

Purpose: Mathematical models are used in Industrial & Systems Engineering to analyze complex integrated operational systems. Adapting this approach to radiation therapy can help quantify the precision and accuracy necessary to achieve optimal outcome of radiation treatment. The purpose of this work is to develop such a model using clinical data and assess the effect uncertainties have on treatment outcomes. Methods: The Taguchi Loss Function (TLF) is adapted to radiation therapy using conventional radiobiological models for tumorcontrol probabilities (TCP) and normal tissues complication probabilities (NTCP) based on the equivalent uniform dose. The TCP and NTCP curves are combined to create a failure probability function for a given treatment plan. The composite effects of all uncertainties involved in treating a patient are modeled by a normal distribution. The standard deviation and mean of the normal distribution represent the precision and accuracy of a treatment. The failure probability function is convolved with the normal distribution to arrive at an expected failure probability. Precision was varied from 0.5% to 25% while accuracy ranged from ±5% to investigate uncertainties effects on complication‐free local tumorcontrol. 3D 4‐field box plans where compared to IMRT plans for 18 prostate patients using this method. Results: The average expected failure probability at the prescription dose for the 3D 4‐field box plans was 30.02% and 18.13% for the IMRT plans at zero uncertainty. At 25% uncertainty the expected failure probabilities were 76.85% and 64.36%, respectively. On average the IMRT plans failure probability was 14.84% less than the 3D 4‐field box plans for all uncertainty levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that uncertainty in radiotherapy procedures has a quantifiable effect on treatment outcome. To further improve complication‐free local tumorcontrol we must both improve treatment technologies and improve quality to minimize the uncertainties in radiation therapy.
Transcatheter left atrial appendage closure after incomplete surgical ligation.

An 82-year-old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation on full anticoagulation with warfarin was referred for a repeat attempt to close the left atrial appendage (LAA) with a transcatheter, transseptal approach. In April 2011, she underwent surgical mitral and tricuspid repair, ligation of the LAA,
Single-molecule confocal microscopy studies of electric-field induced orientation in chromophore-polymer composite materials

ABSTRACT Chromophore-polymer composite materials for electro-optical applications are rendered active at the (2) level of susceptibility by inducing chromophore alignment through the interaction of the chromophore dipole moment with an external electric field, a process referred to as poling. To provide insight into the molecular details of the poling process, single molecule microscopy studies of DCM (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4 H -pyran) and RhB (Rhodamine B) in poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) above T g of the polymer host are performed. Electric fields of 50 V/ µ m are employed consistent with typical experimental conditions. The effect of environment is studied through comparative studies or RhB reorientation in oxidative and inert atmospheres. Single-molecule rotational dynamics are monitored through the time-evolution of the fluorescence anisotropy. Anisotropy correlation functions demonstrate non-exponential decay consistent with previous studies of molecular rotation dynamics in polymer melts. The rotational dynamics of DCM are found to be weakly perturbed in the presence of a 50 V/ µ m electric field consistent with the modest alignment potential created by the electric field relative to the amount of available thermal energy. The relevance of these findings to current models of the poling process is discussed. Keywords: single-molecule microscopy, rotational dynamics, electric-field effects, non-linear optical materials
Raman spectroscopy of synovial fluid as a tool for diagnosing osteoarthritis.

For many years, viscosity has been the primary method used by researchers in rheumatology to assess the physiochemical properties of synovial fluid in both normal and osteoarthritic patients. However, progress has been limited by the lack of methods that provide multiple layers of information, use small sample volumes, and are rapid. In this blinded study, Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the biochemical composition of synovial fluid collected from forty patients with clinical evidence of knee osteoarthritis at the time of elective surgical treatment. Severity of knee osteoarthritis was assessed by a radiologist using Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scores from knee joint x-rays, while light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine synovial fluid aspirates (2–10 µL), deposited on fused silica slides. We show that Raman bands used to describe protein secondary structure and content can be used to detect changes in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic patients. Several Raman band intensity ratios increased significantly in spectra collected from synovial fluid in patients with radiological evidence of osteoarthritis damage. These ratios can be used to provide a “yes/no” damage assessment. Additionally, two ratios increased with K/L score and showed moderate correlative trends. These studies provide evidence that Raman spectroscopy would be a suitable candidate in the evaluation of joint damage in knee osteoarthritis patients.
Methods for estimating the volume of individual glomeruli.

Methods for estimating the volume of individual glomeruli. Background The Cavalieri and maximal planar area (MPA) methods are commonly used to measure the volume of individual glomeruli. Previous studies have suggested that the MPA method, which is less laborious, yields values that are much greater than those obtained by the Cavalieri method. The current study re-examined the relationship of MPA and Cavalieri values for glomerular volume in humans and rats. Methods Both methods were used to measure the volume of 1201 glomeruli from 58 humans and 281 glomeruli from 15 rats. Tissue was embedded in Epon. Further mathematical analysis was performed to assess the extent to which deviation of glomeruli from spherical shape affects the relationship of values obtained by the MPA and Cavalieri methods. Results MPA values exceeded Cavalieri values by an average of only 14 ± 22% in humans and 6 ± 16% in rats. The relationship of MPA to Cavalieri values was similar in individual humans and rats, with widely varying values for average glomerular volume. Neither the development of sclerosis nor the loss of any connection to a tubule affected the relationship of the MPA and Cavalieri values for the volume of individual glomeruli. Mathematical analysis showed that MPA values would not exceed Cavalieri values if glomeruli had ellipsoidal rather than spherical shape. Conclusion Similar values for glomerular volume are obtained using the Cavalieri and MPA methods in humans and rats.
Phase plates for laser beam compensation

Abstract A phase plate inserted in the output beam of a multimode laser oscillator can yield a substantial improvement in the beam characteristics. Experiments with helium-neon and carbon-dioxide lasers are in agreement with the theoretical considerations.
Crystal structure of a eukaryotic group II intron lariat

The formation of branched lariat RNA is an evolutionarily conserved feature of splicing reactions for both group II and spliceosomal introns. The lariat is important for the fidelity of 5′ splice-site selection and consists of a 2′-5′ phosphodiester bond between a bulged adenosine and the 5′ end of the intron. To gain insight into this ubiquitous intramolecular linkage, we determined the crystal structure of a eukaryotic group IIB intron in the lariat form at 3.7 A. This revealed that two tandem tetraloop-receptor interactions, η–η′ and π–π′, place domain VI in the core to position the lariat bond in the post-catalytic state. On the basis of structural and biochemical data, we propose that π–π′ is a dynamic interaction that mediates the transition between the two steps of splicing, with η–η′ serving an ancillary role. The structure also reveals a four-magnesium-ion cluster involved in both catalysis and positioning of the 5′ end. Given the evolutionary relationship between group II and nuclear introns, it is likely that this active site configuration exists in the spliceosome as well. This study determines the structure of a branched lariat RNA, providing insights into rearrangement of the intron between the two steps of RNA splicing. The first step of RNA splicing involves the formation of a lariat or noose-like structure, in a process that is autocatalytic. This results from an incision at one end of the intron, followed by formation of a 2′-5′ phosophodiester linkage. Navtej Toor and colleagues have now solved the structure of this branched intermediate, revealing details of the rearrangement of the structure between the two steps of splicing. The core contains four magnesium ions that organize the substrate and facilitate lariat formation. These data on a group II intron are also relevant to the action of the spliceosome.
Social funds: evidence on targeting, impacts and sustainability

Impact evaluations show that social fund resources are pro-poor, and that targeting has improved over time. Despite the leakage which occurs to better-off areas and households, social fund performance compares favorably with other public programmes. Investments largely reflect community needs and priorities and have increased access to, quality and utilization of basic social infrastructure. These benefits have generally translated into improvements in the health and education status of households, though specific impacts vary by country, region, and sector. The vast majority of facilities are operating several years after completion, but long-term sustainability of water systems is particularly problematic given insufficient cost recovery. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmentation of Response to Typical Neuroleptic Treatment Using Idazoxan, an Alpha-2 Antagonist, in Patients with Schizophrenia

Augmentation of Response to Typical Neuroleptic Treatment Using Idazoxan, an Alpha-2 Antagonist, in Patients with Schizophrenia
A 40-MHz current-mode hysteretic controlled switching converter with digital push-pull current pumping technique for high performance microprocessors

Ever-increasing power demands of microprocessors have necessitated fast-response, high-speed power converters. This paper presents a fast transient, hysteretic current-mode converter design with a push-pull current pump. By using a current feedback technique in contrast with the parallel feedback control approaches by the prior art, performance and stability are greatly enhanced. The system is implemented and verified on a 0.18 μm CMOS process through fully transistorlevel simulations, operating up to 40 MHz. In comparison with the buck converter by itself, the current pump improves the transient response by reducing V OUT undershoot magnitude and settling time by 33.3% and 25.6%, respectively, and overshoot magnitude and settling time by 18.3% and 40.4%, respectively. Undershoot and overshoot are maintained below 3%, at 2.8% and 2.9%, respectively.
Isolation and biological activity of aspidospermine and quebrachamine from an Aspidosperma tree source.

Abstract The indolealkaloids aspidospermine and quebrachamine have been isolated in crystalline form by a relatively rapid fractionation from the extract of a powdered material designated “Quebracho” derived from an Aspidosperma tree species. We present a novel isocratic LC method that provides baseline resolution of these two compounds and of the structurally related yohimbine in less than 15 min. Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry was employed to identify these compounds as well as several minor derivatives of aspidospermine during and after the purification process. Aspidospermine and quebrachamine like yohimbine have been found to possess adrenergic blocking activities for a variety of urogenital tissues.
Photoconductivity In Amorphous Polymers: An Old Problem Revisited

Hole transport in polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) has been the subject of many previous investigations. Earlier workers have reported significant differences between their measurements and those predicted for the continuous time random walk model (CTRW) of dispersive transport in amorphous systems. The experimental results reported here are, contrary to these earlier experimental findings, in good agreement with dispersive tranport theory. This good agreement is only found, however, using exciting light intensities two orders of magnitude below values conventionally used. In contrast to earlier results we find a single temperature independent vaule of a equal to 0.66 (±0.05). This temperature independence of a implies that hole transport is determined solely by the geometry of the amorphous polymer and not by a Boltzmann equilibrium among energy levels of the disordered system.
Looking for (and Finding) Modern Day Pioneers in Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education

(2007). Looking for (and Finding) Modern Day Pioneers in Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education. Quest: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 287-297.
Effects of Reduction or Replacement of Sodium Chloride on Growth of Micrococcus, Moraxella and Lactobacillus Inoculated Ground Pork

Three replications each of ground pork inoculated with either a Moraxella, Micrococcus, or a Lactobacillus species were used to determine effects of reduction or replacement of NaCl on viable counts of these bacteria. Type or level of chloride salt did not affect (P > 0.05) Micrococcus counts. Likewise, Moraxella counts were not affected (P > 0.05) by type or level of chloride salt. However, with Lactobacillus as inoculum, reducing NaCl by 50% slightly increased these counts. Data suggest that reduction or replacement of NaCl influenced the development of the Lactobacillus culture but had no significant effect on the growth characteristics of the other two bacterial cultures.
A Silicate Inclusion in Puente del Zacate, a IIIA Iron Meteorite

The IIIA and IIIB iron meteorites are considered to have formed in the cores of asteroids. A silicate inclusion within the IIIA meteorite Puente del Zacate consisting of olivine (Fa 4 ), low-calcium pyroxene (Fs 6 Wo 1 ), chromium diopside (Fs 3 Wo 47 ), plagioclase (An 14 Or 4 ), graphite, troilite, chromite, daubreelite, and iron metal resembles inclusions in IAB iron meteorites. The oxygen isotopic composition of the Puente del Zacate inclusion is like chromite and phosphate inclusions in other IIIA and IIIB irons. The Puente del Zacate inclusion may have been derived from the lower mantle of the IIIAB parent asteroid.
Should the State Fund Religious Schools

In this article, I make a philosophical case for the state to fund religious schools. Ultimately, I shall argue that the state has an obligation to fund and provide oversight of all schools irrespective of their religious or non-religious character. The education of children is in the public interest and therefore the state must assume its responsibility to its future citizens to ensure that they receive a quality education. Still, while both religious schools and the polity have much to be gained from direct funding, I will show that parents and administrators of these schools may have reasons to be diffident toward the state and its hypothetical interference. While the focus of the paper is primarily on the American educational context, the philosophical questions related to state funding and oversight of religious schools transcend any one national context.
Unilateral incompatibility gene ui1.1 encodes an S-locus F-box protein expressed in pollen of Solanum species

Unilateral interspecific incompatibility (UI) is a postpollination, prezygotic reproductive barrier that prevents hybridization between related species when the female parent is self-incompatible (SI) and the male parent is self-compatible (SC). In tomato and related Solanum species, two genes, ui1.1 and ui6.1, are required for pollen compatibility on pistils of SI species or hybrids. We previously showed that ui6.1 encodes a Cullin1 (CUL1) protein. Here we report that ui1.1 encodes an S-locus F-box (SLF) protein. The ui1.1 gene was mapped to a 0.43-cM, 43.2-Mbp interval at the S-locus on chromosome 1, but positional cloning was hampered by low recombination frequency. We hypothesized that ui1.1 encodes an SLF protein(s) that interacts with CUL1 and Skp1 proteins to form an SCF-type (Skp1, Cullin1, F-box) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. We identified 23 SLF genes in the S. pennellii genome, of which 19 were also represented in cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum). Data from recombination events, expression analysis, and sequence annotation highlighted 11 S. pennellii genes as candidates. Genetic transformations demonstrated that one of these, SpSLF-23, is sufficient for ui1.1 function. A survey of cultivated and wild tomato species identified SLF-23 orthologs in each of the SI species, but not in the SC species S. lycopersicum, S. cheesmaniae, and S. galapagense, pollen of which lacks ui1.1 function. These results demonstrate that pollen compatibility in UI is mediated by protein degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, a mechanism related to that which controls pollen recognition in SI.
Zirconium complexes involving 2-phosphorus-substituted indenyl fragments

A series of 2-R2P-substituted indenes, where R2P = Ph2P, Cy2P, iPr2P, and tBu(H)P, were obtained via Pd-catalyzed reactions of 2-bromo-1H-indene (or 1H-inden-2-yl trifluoromethane sulfonate) with R2PH/Et3N. Analogous indenes bearing Me2P, tBu(Cl)P, and tBu2P substituents at position 2 were obtained through the reaction of 1H-inden-2-ylphosphonous dichloride with MeLi, tBuMgCl, and tBuMgCl/tBuLi−CuCN, respectively. Diethyl 1H-inden-2-ylphosphonate, prepared via the Ni-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction of 2-bromo-1H-indene with P(OEt)3, was found to be a convenient starting material for the synthesis of 2-H2P-substituted indene. 1H-Inden-2-yl(phenyl)phosphine, prepared via the Pd-catalyzed arylation of 2-H2P-substituted indene by PhI, turned out to react with 2-bromo-1H-indene in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and Et3N to form di(1H-inden-2-yl)(phenyl)phosphine in almost quantitative yield. Analogously, di(1H-inden-2-yl)(tert-butyl)phosphine was prepared via catalytic reaction of tBuPH2 with 2 equiv of 2-bromo-1H-inden...
Assembly Materials and Processes for High-Temperature Geothermal Electronic Modules

Geothermal well logging and instrumentation applications require high-temperature logging tools and sensors with long-term operation capability at 300°C. Advanced SiC technology has enabled high-temperature electronics. To build functional systems operating at high temperatures, an interconnection and packaging technology must be developed to interconnect SiC devices and passive components. Off-eutectic AuSn has been evaluated for SiC and passive component attachment to PtPdAu/Au thick film metallization on alumina substrates and on thick film dielectric. A functional SiC-based oscillator module was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the assembly technologies developed for 300°C applications.
Isolation of cationic peptides from rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule contents using fast protein liquid chromatography

Separation of extracted rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granule contents using fast protein liquid chromatography yielded four major protein fractions. These fractions consisted of myeloperoxidase (peak A), neutral protease (peak B), lysozyme (peak C), and low molecular weight, cationic peptides (peak D). This study represents the first noted purification of the cationic peptides of rat PMN granules.
A modified reaction vessel for ninhydrin determination of α-amino acids

Abstract A modified all-glass apparatus for the ninhydrin determination of α-amino acids is described. The specifications for construction from standard Pyrex items are given. Certain advantages of the modified apparatus are discussed.
The reaction of NO2 with NaBr: Possible source of BrNO in polluted marine atmospheres

Abstract A deficiency of halide ions compared to seawater has often been observed in marine particles, especially those collected in or near urban areas. It has generally been assumed that this is due to ion exchange reactions of HNO3 and H2SO4 with NaCl, forming NaNO3 and HX (X = Cl, Br, etc). However, we have shown in laboratory studies using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry that NO2 reacts at ppm concentrations with dry NaBr to form the photochemically reactive BrNO. Thus BrNO, in addition to HBr, may be formed in polluted marine environments at low relative humidities. The implications for the chemistry of these regions are discussed.
Multiple Equilibria, Periodic, and Aperiodic Solutions in a Wind-Driven, Double-Gyre, Shallow-Water Model

Abstract A reduced-gravity shallow-water (SW) model is used to study the nonlinear behavior of western boundary currents (WBCs), with particular emphasis on multiple equilibria and low-frequency variations. When the meridionally symmetric wind stress is sufficiently strong, two steady solutions–nearly antisymmetric about the x axis–are achieved from different initial states. These results imply that 1) the inertial WBCs could overshoot either southward or northward along the western boundary, depending on their initial states; and thus, 2) the WBC separation and eastward jet could occur either north or south of the maximum wind stress line. The two equilibria arise via a perturbed pitchfork bifurcation, as the wind stress increases. A low-order, double-gyre, quasigeostrophic (QG) model is studied analytically to provide further insight into the physical nature of this bifurcation. In this model, the basic state is exactly antisymmetric when the wind stress is symmetric. The perturbations destroying the sy...
On teaching the history of christianity: Traditions and presuppositions

In his presidential address to the American Society of Church History in 1920, Robert Hastings Nichols observed that he had discovered, in his reading of previous addresses, “no mention of the reading of a paper dealing with what is the occupation of almost half of our members, the teaching of Church History,” or, as he preferred to call it, the teaching of “Christianity in History.” He decided, therefore, to talk about pedagogy. He devoted most of his address to answering the question why history should be taught in the theological seminary, arguing that it trained students to weigh evidence, calculate motives, trace causes, and estimate the power of social movements. It nurtured a certain kind of intellectual and moral capacity.
Cardiovascular Effects of Digoxin—Phenelzine Interaction in Rabbits

The potential toxicity of combining phenelzine, an MAO inhibitor, and digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, was studied in rabbits. Cardiovascular responses following concurrent administration of these drugs and the administration of these drugs 20 and 60 min. apart, respectively, revealed that phenelzine and digoxin evoked arrhythmias in about 50% of all rabbits tested without markedly altering the arterial blood pressure. Spontaneous heart rate in these animals was found to be lower than control values. The incidence of arrhythmia decreased as the time interval between the administration of both drugs was increased from 20 to 60 min. An increase in the number of days of pretreatment with phenelzine resulted in the use of a higher dose of digoxin to evoke arrhythmia.
Endoscopic Minor Papilla Sphincterotomy in Patients with Santoriniceles Reduces Pain and Improves Quality of Life

Pancreas divisum patients with focal obstruction of the minor papilla and resulting dilation of the dorsal pancreatic duct [a santorinicele (SC)] have been reported to improve with endoscopic sphincterotomy of the minor papilla (ESMP). In this study, we assess the long-term efficacy of ESMP in SC patients. A retrospective review of the endoscopic database was performed. Fifteen patients with SCs were identified. A follow-up questionnaire was mailed to patients to assess for changes in quality of life (QOL), narcotic use, hospital admissions, and pain after ESMP. Fifteen patients were mailed questionnaires and 11 responses were obtained. The average pain score prior to ESMP was 8.6/10 (SD ± 1.7) and significantly decreased to 2.7/10 (SD ± 2.0) (p < 0.05) after treatment. Six patients required narcotics before ESMP and none used narcotics for recurrent pancreatic type pain after. Nine patients had recurring admissions for pancreatitis prior to ESMP while only two were admitted after treatment. Mean QOL score prior to ESMP was 4.5/10 (SD ± 2.7) and increased significantly to 8.4/10 (SD ± 1.3) (p < 0.05) with two patients rating their QOL at 10/10. QOL, narcotic use, hospital admissions, and pain scores all improved with ESMP. Endoscopic therapy for this uncommon condition appears both justified and potentially curative.
A High-Rate, Low-Power, ASIC Speech Decoder Using Finite State Transducers

The use of Finite State Transducers in speech recognition has been increasing in recent years. Their application in speech decoding allows for a tradeoff between larger memory requirements and less run-time computation. We believe that this paradigm is especially well suited for a highspeed, energy-efficient hardware solution where customized caching, reduced bit widths, and prefetching can be used to mitigate the effect of the increased model size. We present a virtual silicon prototype for a novel hardware architecture that, using these optimizations and running at 556MHz, is capable of performing recognition on the Wall Street Journal 60K- word speech model with 92.3 percent accuracy a speed 127 times faster than real time, while consuming less than 0.5 watts.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of the high risk register and auditory brainstem response

Abstract Objective: To evaluate an infant hearing screening program utilizing the high risk register (HRR) and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis of the screening program employing a retrospective cohort identified by chart review. The analysis was performed on a hypothetical cohort of 100000 births and the results compared with a base model derived from literature review. Setting: Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, an urban, tertiary care institution. Patients: All infants born between November 1990 and October 1993, approximately 16 500. Cost-effectiveness analysis focused on test results of 420 infants failing the HRR and 381 who subsequently received ABR. Results: Analysis of the Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) protocol showed it to be less cost-effective than other similar programs. The cost per hearing loss was far more at MSH than that found elsewhere. Further, the MSH program was ineffective in detecting infants with congenital hearing loss—identifying only one case between 1990 and 1993. Analysis of high risk criteria finds a low incidence of family history of hearing loss in the Mount Sinai cohort while other studies find a very high incidence. Conclusions: It appears that the poor performance of the MSH protocol is due to low specificity and sensitivity of the HRR. This generates a costly and ineffective program as follow-up exams focus on ruling-out false-positives rather than correctly identifying true hearing losses. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether changes in the application of the HRR or utilization of newer, low-cost tests such as otoacoustic emissions (OAE) may be effective in universal infant hearing screening.
The five-times-sit-to-stand test: validity, reliability and detectable change in older females.

Background and aims: The five-timessit- to-stand test (FTSST) is a physical performance test commonly-used in clinical geriatric studies. The relationship between FTSST times and dynamic balance has not been widely investigated in older adults. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of the FTSST as a measure of dynamic balance in older adults. A second objective was to quantify relative and absolute reliability, as well as minimum detectable change (MDC) of the FTSST in older adults. Methods: Twenty-nine females (mean age, 73.6 years) performed two trials of the FTSST, timed up and go (TUG), and functional reach (FR) tests. Validity of the FTSST as a measure of dynamic balance was evaluated by quantifying strength of relationships between the FTSST and two measures of dynamic balance, TUG and FR, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Measures of relative [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)] and absolute [standard error of measurement (SEM)] reliability, as well as the MDC at the 95% confidence level (MDC95) were computed for the FTSST. Results: The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between FTSST and TUG (r=0.64, p<0.001) indicates that FTSST is a valid measure of dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. The ICC2,1 of 0.95 is indicative of excellent relative reliability of the FTSST. SEM was 0.9 seconds and MDC95 was 2.5 seconds for the FTSST. SEM (6.3% of mean FTSST) and MDC (17.5% of mean FTSST) percent values were low. Conclusions: The FTSST is a valid measure of dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. The high ICC and low SEM and SEM% suggest excellent relative and absolute reliability and reproducibility of the FTSST in older adults. Change in FTSST performance should exceed 2.5 seconds to be considered real change beyond measurement error.
The Component Test Facility: A National User Facility for Testing of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) Components and Systems

The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) and other High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) Projects require research, development, design, construction, and operation of a nuclear plant intended for both high-efficiency electricity production and high-temperature industrial applications, including hydrogen production. During the life cycle stages of an HTGR, plant systems, structures and components (SSCs) will be developed to support this reactor technology. To mitigate technical, schedule, and project risk associated with development of these SSCs, a large-scale test facility is required to support design verification and qualification prior to operational implementation. As a full-scale helium test facility, the Component Test facility (CTF) will provide prototype testing and qualification of heat transfer system components (e.g., Intermediate Heat Exchanger, valves, hot gas ducts), reactor internals, and hydrogen generation processing. It will perform confirmation tests for large-scale effects, validate component performance requirements, perform transient effects tests, and provide production demonstration of hydrogen and other high-temperature applications. Sponsored wholly or in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the CTF will support NGNP and will also act as a National User Facility to support worldwide development of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor technologies.
Distinct patterns of spatial frequency response by normal, recovered optic neuritis, and normal fellow eyes to a new linearly variable neutral density device

Upon apparent recovery from optic neuropathy, structural damage to the optic nerve may remain while usual measures of visual function appear normal. To test for such damage, the logarithm of optical density to cause a pattern to disappear is read directly on the scale of our device. Patients in the first study observed the disappearance of a red Amsler grid; this Threshold Amsler Score, used jointly with acuity scores, separates normal eyes from eyes with optic neuropathies. Patients in the second study used the device to measure the disappearance of the highest contrast Vistech patterns to show that this device, used over a range of spatial frequencies, differentiates “subclinical” neuropathies (recovered optic neuritis eye; never symptomatic fellow eye to a diagnosed eye) from normal eyes. This device may measure the functional photopic brightness of the stimulus pattern; when the score from our device is higher, the range of photopic brightness for the stimulus is wider, and the retina is more sensitive to contrast.
The ionospheres of the major planets

Physical and chemical processes which affect the equilibrium distribution of ionization in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are reviewed. Current models imply readily detectable ionospheres for all four planets and suggest that protons should represent the dominant positive ion. Attention is directed to the probable importance of dissociative ionization of H2 as a source of H+. A number of potentially important loss mechanisms for H+ are discussed including a possible reaction of H+ with vibrationally excited H2. Protons may be removed efficiently at lower altitudes by reaction with CH4 and this process may offer a simple remote means for location of the turbopause.
Evaluation of various methods for protecting soya-bean protein from degradation by rumen bacteria

Abstract A dual-flow continuous-culture system was used to study the effects of protection method on protein degradation of soya-bean meal (SBM) by rumen bacteria. Treatments included solvent extraction (control), sodium hydroxide, ethanol, formaldehyde, expeller processing, propionic acid, extrusion and lignosulfonate. Diets contained approximately 17.0% crude protein, with 50% of the crude protein coming from the respective treated SBM and were fed to rumen bacteria in fermenters at a rate of 75 g dry matter day−1. Crude protein degradation of formaldehyde-treated, expeller processed, propionic acid-treated, extruded and lignosulfonate-treated SBM diets were lower (P
Adaptation to ingestion of β-carboline alkaloids by Heliconiini butterflies

Abstract Butterflies of the tribe Heliconiini (Nymphalidae) are specialist herbivores in which the larvae utilize the plant family Passifloraceae. Their adaptation to their host plant's toxins was examined by analyzing retention and excretion of three Passiflora alkaloids: norharman, harman and harmine. Three species of adult Heliconiines were analyzed for the presence of these β-carboline alkaloids. The butterflies were found to sequester a substantial proportion of the alkaloids ingested by the larvae. Adults of Spodoptera exiqua (Hubner) (Noctuidae) raised as larvae on an artificial diet containing the β-carboline, harman, were also analyzed and they were found to eliminate harman almost completely. Excretion studies, using isolated Malpighian tubules from larvae of Heliconius ismenius clarescens (Heliconiini), identified concentrations of norharman which reversibly inhibit fluid secretion. Norharman appears to be transported in Malpighian tubules by a saturable system.
Immune defects in pediatric AIDS, their pathogenesis, and role of immunotherapy

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a progressive immune deficiency involving many components of the immune system. The major target cells for infection are CD-4 antigen-bearing cells which include predominantly, but not exclusively, the helper T-cell subset and the monocyte/macrophage cell system. Defective cell-mediated immunity occurs in association with hypergammaglobulinemia, which is a common and early feature of HIV infection. Ability to mount specific antibody responses is often impaired and the in vitro B-cell differentiation responses to T-dependent and T-independent stimuli are depressed. Our investigations with HIV envelope proteins suggest that the viral proteins can exert both stimulatory and suppressive influences on B and T lymphocytes. In addition to the opportunistic infections, children with HIV disease frequently develop serious bacterial infections. Among the currently available immunotherapeutic strategies, iv immunoglobulin therapy has received the most attention as a means to provide antibody replacement in children with recurrent bacterial infections. This modality is likely to be most valuable as adjunctive therapy in treatment protocols directed at HIV and its disease complications.
Growth and ion accumulation of two rapid-cycling Brassica species differing in salt tolerance

The response of two rapid-cycling Brassica species differing in tolerance to seawater salinity was studied over a period of 24 days. In response to 8 dS m−1 salinity, the two Brassica species showed clear differences in the changes in relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The RGR of B. napus was slightly reduced by salinity, wheareas the RGR of B. carinata was largely reduced in the early stages of salinization. LAR of B. napus was affected by salinity in the later stages of growth and significantly correlated with the reduction in RGR. On the other hand, the NAR of B. carinata was decreased by salinity, corresponding to the decrease of the RGR of B. carinata. The NAR of B. napus was not significantly affected by salinity according to analysis of covariance. The shoot concentrations of Na, Mg and Cl increased while the concentrations of K and Ca decreased sharply during the first 5 days of salinization; subsequently, all ion concentrations remained relatively constant. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in the root were similarly affected by salinity. There were no significant differences of ion concentrations between species that could be related to the differences in salt tolerance. Thus, the differences in salt tolerance between species can not be related to differences in specific-ion effects, but may be related to some factor that reduces the NAR of B. carinata during the early stages of growth.
Synthesis of Tris(2,5-dialkynylthieno)cyclotriynes, Tris(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotriynes, and Tetrakis(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotetraynes with Long-Chain Alkyl Substituents, and the Nickel and Cobalt Complexes of Tris[4,5-(didodecyloxy)phenyl]cyclotriyne

This report focuses on the synthesis of materials designed to be discotic mesogens based on a cyclotriyne core with alkyl side chain substituents. With the attachment of long side chains, tris(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotriynes and tris(2,5-dialkynylthieno)cyclotriynes are structurally similar to hexasubstituted triphenylene discotic mesophases. The syntheses of four tris(2,5-dialkynylthieno)cyclotriynes, two tris(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotriynes, and two tetrakis(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotetraynes are described. The interaction of one of the tris(4,5-dialkoxyphenyl)cyclotriynes with Ni(0) and Co2(CO)8 to form a mononuclear Ni(0) complex and a tetranuclear cobalt cluster are reported. Evidence is also presented to explain why the systems reported herein are not liquid crystals and suggestions for correcting this are made.
Septate hymen: Variations and pitfalls in diagnosis

Fifty-one cases of septate hymen were detected from approximately 7,000 females undergoing genital examination (prevalence 0.7%). Seventy-six percent of the septa were diagnosed in white children even though they represented only 54% of the study population (p < 0.002). The majority of septa were vertical (71 %). Y-shaped septa were noted in 4%. The hymenal orifice appeared symmetric in 82%. Although no systematic studies were undertaken to evaluate the presence of internal anomalies, no patient had evidence of a septate vagina by direct visualization.
The action of iodide on oxidative phosphorylation.

Abstract When iodide replaces chloride it suppresses oxidative phosphorylation in rat mitochondria. The results are discussed.
Forage yield, quality, compatibility, and persistence of warm-season grass-legume mixtures

Development of compatible, persistent, warm-season grass-legume mixtures could increase forage yield and quality during summer months. We established a trial to determine forage yield, quality, species compatibility, and persistence of binary mixtures of warm-season grasses with selected legumes, five of which are native to the central USA. Grass entries were switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula Michx.), and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash]. Legume entries were purple prairieclover [Dalea purpurea Vent.; syn. Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb.], roundhead lespedeza (Lespedeza capitata Michx.), leadplant (Amorpha canescens Pursh), Illinois bundleflower [Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill., B. Robins. & Fern.], catclaw sensitive brier [Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Sandl.], and cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), a cool-season species