cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A modified discrete ordinate approach to nonlinear cylindrical heat transfer

Abstract Non-linear heat transfer between concentric cylinders is studied numerically based on the BGK-model equation. The numerical procedure adopted is a combination of the Willis integral iteration scheme and the discrete ordinale method. The results for constant collision frequency compare very well with other existing numerical results based on the integral equation approach. Cases with variable collision frequency are also considered and the results show that there are only slight changes with respect to the constant collision frequency cases. The method used in this paper can be applied to a wide class of problems.
Improvements in collimator design for verification of uranium enrichment in gaseous centrifuge header pipes of diameter 4.45 cm and 10.16 cm

Abstract A technique that has been developed determines whether the process gas in a gaseous uranium centrifuge header pipe has an enrichment ≤ 20% or > 20%. Improvements have been made in the detector collimator to improve the ability to discriminate between gas and deposit in the header pipes. The new detector collimator has been characterized for pipes having inner diameters of 4.45 and 10.16 cm. A statistical analysis indicates that this new design is well suited to the smaller diameter pipe.
Mechanical design of high performance grinding wheels

High performance grinding processes require grinding wheels that can be dressed with a variety of different methods and that can rotate at exceptionally high speeds without distorting or failing catastrophically. These wheels are usually reinforced and the grinding medium is usually attached to the periphery of the wheel using a strong bonding agent such as epoxy adhesive. This paper uses a set of procedures that were developed for designing grinding wheels for creep feed grinding processes and the more modern process of high efficiency deep grinding. Procedures for safe practice and good mechanical design safety at very high rotational speeds are discussed.
A Methane-Dependent Coccus, with Notes on Classification and Nomenclature of Obligate, Methane-Utilizing Bacteria

Foster, J. W. (The University of Texas, Austin), and Richard H. Davis. A methane-dependent coccus, with notes on classification and nomenclature of obligate, methane-utilizing bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 91:1924-1931. 1966.-A new coccus-shaped bacterium capable of aerobic growth at the expense of methane or methanol in a mineral salts medium is described. The organism did not grow at the expense of any of the conventional substrates or homologous hydrocarbons tested. It is gram-negative, nonmotile, and thermotolerant. It grows well at 50 C, optimally at 37 C, but does not grow at 55 C. The cells are encapsulated and have a characteristic diplococcoid arrangement. Washed, "resting-cell" suspensions oxidized certain primary alcohols and short-chain alkanes, an example of "nongrowth oxidation." Of the methane-C utilized, 86% was "fixed" in organic form; the remainder was oxidized to CO(2). The guanine-cytosine content of the extracted deoxyribonucleic acid was 62.5%. Obligate methane-utilizing bacteria are considered as "one-carbon" organisms rather than hydrocarbon utilizers. The assimilation pathway in the obligate methane-methanol bacteria is different from that in the facultative methanol utilizers. Nomenclatural problems arising from the use of the prefix "Methano-" to denote both bacteria that oxidize methane and bacteria that produce methane are discussed. The obligate, one-carbon, methane-methanol bacteria are considered as "methyl" utilizers, and the prefix "Methylo-" is suggested as a solution to the problem of generic cognomens. "Methylococcus capsulatus" gen. n., sp. n. is the name proposed for the new methane coccus.
Rare K decays

This article reviews the current situation in the field of rare $K$ decays: the relevant phenomenology, the present experimental situation, and prospects for the near future. Study of rare $K$ decays can make a significant contribution in a number of different frontier areas of research in high-energy physics. In the area of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation, study of such rare decays as ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and muon polarization in ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ can provide important complementary information to what has been learned from the decay ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$. Even though experiments with sufficient accuracy to make a meaningful study of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation are still a few years away, significant progress has been made in this general area during the last decade. A second major area of interest in the field of rare $K$ decays is the search for processes forbidden in the Standard Model, e.g., ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e$ and ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Various extensions of the Standard Model predict that these processes will occur with branching fractions in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$. Experiments of the last decade have pushed the limits into the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ range, and further improvements in sensitivity of one to two orders of magnitude can be expected in the next few years. $K$ decays allow one also to study higher-order weak-interaction processes such as ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, which are forbidden to first order in the Standard Model. Because of strong suppression, these decay modes offer potential windows on new physics; in addition, they may offer the most reliable measurement of ${V}_{\mathrm{td}}$, one of the elements of the weak mixing matrix in the quark sector. The studies of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ channel have achieved data samples of close to 1000 events; the other two modes should be observed for the first time in the next few years. Finally, as a byproduct of these studies, one has been able to look simultaneously for new light particles into which the $K$ meson could decay. Limits obtained for various hypothetical particles are summarized.
Judicial intervention and sporting autonomy: Defining the territories of European Union involvement in sport

This article posits the development of a discrete academic discipline that one may properly call ‘sports law’, located in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice and concerning the application of EU law principles including freedom of movement, competition law and telecommunications law to the sporting firmament. It charts the discussions concerning the place of sport under the Treaty of Rome, culminating in an element of ‘special status’ being conferred upon sport without the legal status on which the EU is based being compromised as a consequence. The author suggests that the year 2004, which heralds the intergovemmental conference and the European Year of Education Through Sport as well as the staging of major international sporting events by EU member states, will lead to new policy initiatives concerning the status of sport within the European Union.
IgM-monoclonal gammopathy neuropathy and tremor: A first epidemiologic case control study

Introduction Small case series suggest tremor occurs frequently in IgM-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS) neuropathy. Epidemiologic study to confirm this association is lacking. Whether the neuropathy or another remote IgM-effect is causal remains unsettled.
The role of viscosity and surface tension in bubble entrapment during drop impact onto a deep liquid pool

The phenomenon of liquid drop impact onto the surface of a deep pool of the same liquid is studied in the context of bubble entrapment, using high-resolution digital photography. Three liquids, pure water, glycerin/water mixtures, and silicon oil, have been used to investigate the effect of viscosity (μ) and surface tension (σ) on regular bubble entrapment, and the associated impact crater signatures. The global viscous effect is seen as a shift in the classical inviscid bubble entrapment limits, whereas, at the impact crater, the local effect is seen as a weakening of the capillary wave, which is responsible for bubble pinching, and a weakening of the intensity of crater rebound. Bubble entrapment, which results from a competition between concentric capillary pinching of the crater cusp and viscous damping, is captured well by the capillary number Ca (Ca = μV i /σ, where V; is the drop impact velocity). The measured peak entrapped bubble size decreases exponentially as capillary number increases, with the cut-off capillary number for bubble entrapment estimated to be around 0.6. The critical crater cone angle for peak bubble pinch-off weakly increases with capillary number, with the measured value in agreement with theory in the inviscid limit (low Ca). Additionally, the growth of the main body of the high-speed thin jet, formed immediately following bubble pinch-off, is fitted to a power-law singularity model. This suggests that the thin jet is similar to the hydraulic jets produced by the collapse of free-surface standing waves.
Implementation of Accurate Blind Real Time Interference Suppression

The implementation of a wideband Accurate Blind Real Time Interference Suppression scheme is presented. It uses Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) to track and cancel FM carrier and chirp interference signals at the receiver's front end, suppressing them down almost to the noise floor. Simulation results are presented that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme using real captured RF signals along with Simulink models.
European River Floods in a Changing World

Whereas the verdict is undecided about the effects of global warming on Europe's flood risks, it is clear that Europeans are becoming more exposed and vulnerable to floods. Losses are increasing dramatically, mainly because of population and capital moving into harm's way and also because of human-driven transformations of hydrological systems, including river basins and floodplains.
Testing the TPF interferometry approach before launch

One way to directly detect nearby extra-solar planets is via their thermal infrared emission, and with this goal in mind, both NASA and ESA are investigating cryogenic infrared interferometers. Common to both agencies' approaches to faint off-axis source detection near bright stars is the use of a rotating nulling interferometer, such as the terrestrial planet finder interferometer (TPF-I), or Darwin. In this approach, the central star is nulled, while the emission from off-axis sources is transmitted and modulated by the rotation of the off-axis fringes. Because of the high contrasts involved, and the novelty of the measurement technique, it is essential to gain experience with this technique before launch. Here we describe a simple ground-based experiment that can test the essential aspects of the TPF signal measurement and image reconstruction approaches by generating a rotating interferometric baseline within the pupil of a large single-aperture telescope. This approach can mimic potential space-based interferometric configurations, and allow the extraction of signals from off-axis sources using the same algorithms proposed for the space-based missions. This approach should thus allow for testing of the applicability of proposed signal extraction algorithms for the detection of single and multiple near-neighbor companions. Here the optical approach and the expected performance of the experiment are described. Interestingly, because of the small inner working distance possible with this approach, such a "nulling coronagraph" may be able to outperform classical coronagraphs in certain respects.
Locating texture and object boundaries

Two models are given for the extraction of boundaries in digital images, one for discriminating textures and the other for discriminating objects. In both cases a Markov random field is constructed as a prior distribution over intensities (observed) and labels (unobserved); the labels are either the texture types or boundary indicators. The posterior distribution, i.e., the conditional distribution over the labels given the intensities, is then analyzed by a Monte-Carlo algorithm called stochastic relaxation. The final labeling corresponds to a local maximum of the posterior likelihood.
Distributed and lightweight multi-camera human activity classification

We propose a human activity classification algorithm that has a distributed and lightweight implementation appropriate for wireless camera networks. With input from multiple cameras, our algorithm achieves invariance to the orientation of the actor and to the camera viewpoint. We conceptually describe how the algorithm can be implemented on a distributed architecture, obviating the need for centralized processing of the entire multi-camera data. The lightweight implementation is made possible by the very affordable memory and communication bandwidth requirements of the algorithm. Notwithstanding its lightweight nature, the performance of the algorithm is comparable to that of the earlier multi-camera approaches that are based on computationally expensive 3D human model construction, silhouette matching using reprojected 2D views, and so on. Our algorithm is based on multi-view spatio-temporal histogram features obtained directly from acquired images; no background subtraction is required. Results are analyzed for two publicly available multi-camera multi-action datasets. The system's advantages relative to single camera techniques are also discussed.
An assignment of approximate internal energy distributions through substituent effects to ions produced by electron‐impact

A probability distribution of internal energies is derived for aromatic molecular ions which can decompose to give only a single product whose relative intensity and appearance potential are each a function of Hammett sigma constants, with certain simplifying assumptions.
Low-Rank Variance Estimation in Large-Scale Gmrf Models

We consider the problem of variance estimation in large-scale Gauss-Markov random field (GMRF) models. While approximate mean estimates can be obtained efficiently for sparse GMRFs of very large size, computing the variances is a challenging problem. We propose a simple rank-reduced method which exploits the graph structure and the correlation length in the model to compute approximate variances with linear complexity in the number of nodes. The method has a separation length parameter trading off complexity versus estimation accuracy. For models with bounded correlation length, we efficiently compute provably accurate variance estimates.
Volcanic hybrid earthquakes that are brittle-failure events

[1] Volcanoes generate a variety of pre-eruptive low-frequency seismic signals. Hybrid earthquakes comprise a class of these signals having high-frequency onsets followed by low-frequency ringing. They are used empirically to predict eruptions, but their ambiguous physical origin limits their diagnostic use. The short-duration, near-field hybrid seismograms associated with the 2004 Mount St. Helens eruption indicate that much of the prolonged signal is due to path rather than resonating fluids. We show using seismic source spectra that the hybrids have a corner frequency/seismic moment relationship that scales consistently with brittle-failure. The unusually low frequency of these earthquakes can result from low rupture velocities combined with strong path effects due to their shallow sources. This new application of near-field instrumentation provides the first seismological evidence for brittle-failure as a major process in dome building, and suggests that hybrids should not be used as direct indicators of fluids.
3-D representation from time-sequenced biomedical images using 2-D cepstrum

A cepstrum technique that not only is capable of precise registration of fundus images but also leads to three-dimensional reconstruction of fundus structures with a motion stereo model is presented. The use of cepstrum techniques allows the representation of the three-dimensional features in a quantitative manner that is impossible to obtain from just a stereoscopic view. A geometrical transformation using a set of polynomial functions is introduced. The definition of the two-dimensional power cepstrum and the analytical procedure for obtaining the disparity are shown in detail. A modified time-sequenced stereo model using a matching technique, i.e., the two-dimensional cepstrum, is introduced. >
The Role of the Peer Review Pathologist in Good Laboratory Practices Studies A Sponsor Perspective

While the study pathologist (SP) signs the pathology report and is ultimately accountable for the data, the sponsor peer review pathologist (SPRP) generally signs a peer review (PR) statement indicating agreement with the overall pathology data and the associated interpretations. Additionally, the SPRP is often the initial contact to field internal and regulatory pathology data queries. Therefore, the SPRP should conduct as comprehensive a pathology PR as necessary to have complete confidence in the data and interpretations. Ideally, the SPRP should be involved at study design, as the study evolves, through completion of the overall study report. The SPRP should prepare as much as possible before the actual PR start date to include a review of all available data that may impact the PR. This review should focus on identifying findings not already identified in the draft pathology report that may need further interrogation. While all discrepancies between the SPRP and SP may be discussed for mutual learning, the emphasis should be on resolving issues that impact study interpretation. The final pathology report should reflect the consensus between the SP and SPRP and appropriately communicate the study findings. This article provides further background and example scenarios to illustrate these PR perspectives.
Differential Effects of B Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor–FcγRIIB1 Engagement on Docking of Csk to GTPase-activating Protein (GAP)-associated p62

The stimulatory and inhibitory pathways initiated by engagement of stimulatory receptors such as the B cell receptor for antigen (BCR) and inhibitory receptors such as Fcγ receptors of the IIB1 type (FcγRIIB1) intersect in ways that are poorly understood at the molecular level. Because the tyrosine kinase Csk is a potential negative regulator of lymphocyte activation, we examined the effects of BCR and FcγRIIB1 engagement on the binding of Csk to phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Stimulation of a B lymphoma cell line, A20, with intact anti-IgG antibody induced a direct, SH2-mediated association between Csk and a 62-kD phosphotyrosine-containing protein that was identified as RasGTPase-activating protein–associated p62 (GAP-A.p62). In contrast, stimulation of A20 cells with anti-IgG F(ab′)2 resulted in little increase in the association of Csk with GAP-A.p62. The effect of FcγRIIB1 engagement on this association was abolished by blockade of FcγRIIB1 with the monoclonal antibody 2.4G2. Furthermore, the increased association between Csk and GAP-A.p62 seen upon stimulation with intact anti-Ig was abrogated in the FcγRIIB1-deficient cell line IIA1.6 and recovered when FcγRIIB1 expression was restored by transfection. The differential effects of BCR and BCR-FcγRIIB1–mediated signaling on the phosphorylation of GAP-A.p62 and its association with Csk suggest that docking of Csk to GAP-A.p62 may function in the negative regulation of antigen receptor–mediated signals in B cells.
Assessing the real-time cognitive capabilities of first responders using emerging technologies in manikin simulators

Medical triage can be a highly stressful situation in which decisions and task performance may have life or death consequences. Individual responses in stressful situations may affect task performance. Increased injury or casualties may occur without proper training and competency of the firstresponder. The emerging technologies of advanced manikin simulators have afforded anatomic, physiological, and pharmacologic realism, which can be dynamically programmed in real-time. This has increased the capabilities and realism of manikin simulations, thus allowing advanced learning techniques that were not previously possible. By employing physiological measures of the learner to determine areas of overwhelming task complexity, which may degrade performance, a method such that the training can be adjusted to the real-time cognitive needs/load of the learner (adaptive scaffolding) can be applied. This has the potential to enhance learning and human data processing in medical triage training.
An expert system for federal tax planning

Abstract: Recent developments in a subarea of computer science called artificial intelligence have included the creation of expert systems that are capable of solving difficult applications problems which require expert knowledge for their solution. Such expert systems have been found to be useful in a number of applications (e.g. medicine, biochemistry and mineral exploration). In this paper the author presents an expert system for solving problems concerning income and transfer tax planning for individuals In developing this system, a theoretical structure and a set of decision rules were specified and then programmed into a rule-based system that had previously been used for medical diagnosis (Mycin [1]) Once the system was developed, its problem-solving capabilities were refined and verified by a panel of tax experts using a blind verification procedure. This verification step demonstrated that an expert system could be developed in that domain.
Live Imaging and Video Bioinformatics

This chapter provides an overview of live imaging and video bioinformatics. It introduces the term of video bioinformatics and provides motivation for a deeper understanding of dynamic living processes in life sciences. It outlines computational challenges in understanding dynamic biological processes and a conceptual way of addressing them. The themes covered in the book range from oragnaismal dynamics to intercellular and intracellular dynamics with associated software systems. This chapter gives an overview of different parts of the book and a synopsis of each subsequent chapter.
Mid-point electron density profiles from oblique ionograms

A computationally efficient technique for the inversion of oblique ionograms into mid-point electron density profiles is described. The profile is given as the sum of quasi-parabolic functions suitable for ray tracing. The CPU time for a 486 desk top computer is 30 s.
Optical Study of PbZr O 3 and NaNb O 3 Single Crystals

The twinning of the antiferroelectric crystals PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and NaNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied. Essential differences between this twinning and the domain structure of ferroelectric BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been observed. It is shown that both orthorhombic PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and NaNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are optically negative and the refractive index is smallest along the $a$ axis, along which axis the main antiparallel ion shifts have been reported. The birefringence of the crystals has been measured as a function of the temperature up to the transition points, and compared with the temperature dependence of the spontaneous strain.
Enhance parallel input/output with cross-bundle aggregation

The exponential growth of computing power on leadership scale computing platforms imposes grand challenge to scientific applications' input/output I/O performance. To bridge the performance gap between computation and I/O, various parallel I/O libraries have been developed and adopted by computer scientists. These libraries enhance the I/O parallelism by allowing multiple processes to concurrently access the shared data set. Meanwhile, they are integrated with a set of I/O optimization strategies such as data sieving and two-phase I/O to better exploit the supplied bandwidth of the underlying parallel file system. Most of these techniques are optimized for the access on a single bundle of variables generated by the scientific applications during the I/O phase, which is stored in the form of file. Few of these techniques focus on cross-bundle I/O optimizations. In this article, we investigate the potential benefit from cross-bundle I/O aggregation. Based on the analysis of the I/O patterns of a mission-critical scientific application named the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 GEOS-5, we propose a Bundle-based PARallel Aggregation BPAR framework with three partitioning schemes to improve its I/O performance as well as the I/O performance of a broad range of other scientific applications. Our experiment result reveals that BPAR can deliver 2.1× I/O performance improvement over the baseline GEOS-5, and it is very promising in accelerating scientific applications' I/O performance on various computing platforms.
Southern Slavery As It Wasn't: Coming to Grips with Neo-Confederate Historical Misinformation

"Southern Slavery as it Wasn't: Coming to Grips with Neo-Confederate Historical Misinformation" assesses the historical revisionism of neo-Confederate amateur historians who maintain that slavery was a positive and happy experience for African Americans. Such views are becoming increasingly influential among white supremacist and conservative groups in the South and Midwest, and they pose a growing threat to the civil rights of minorities nationwide on several levels. The essay demonstrates that neo-Confederate histories of southern slavery are not concerned with historical accuracy. They seek instead to advance an ideological repudiation of multiculturalism and civil rights. As such, they are being used by opponents of civil rights to challenge voting rights, desegregation, and affirmative action in a variety of court challenges and grassroots campaigns and to champion the imposition of "biblical law."
Magneto-optical Devices and Their Applications to Optical Communications

The basic construction and technical parameters of some magneto optical devices are chiefly introduced. Then,applications of these devices in the optical communication system are overviewed, and their market prospects forecast. Lastly,status and development are also introduced of two kinds of magneto optical materials for the Faraday rotators.
Dehydrogenation of icosahedral carborane anions via gas-phase collisional activation.

Rationale The icosahedral carborane anion HCB11 H11-1 is well known for its exceptional stability in solution and the solid state, but the gas-phase properties of this molecule have not previously been explored. Methods Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry, collisional activation, and isotopic labelling were used to examine the formation and reaction pathways of covalent and noncovalent carborane clusters. Results Covalent attachment of an amino group to the C-vertex of HCB11 H11-1 dramatically alters its stability in the gas phase. Interestingly, covalently bound carborane dimers are produced during electrospray ionization. Subsequent collisional activation of these dimers leads to facile hydrogen losses (7 H2 molecules). The loss of H2 does not follow a stochastic pattern, but occurs preferentially by loss of 3 H2 , followed by loss of 2 H2 and then another 2 H2 molecules. Conclusions This study provides insight into new possible modes of B-H activation and functionalization in carborane cages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assay of Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Secreted Proteins on the Same Single Immune Cells by Microfluidics and RNA Sequencing

Given vast heterogeneity of immune cells, searching for gene expression and transcriptional networks belonging to specific cellular functions such as cytokine production has been challenging. To overcome this limitation, we developed a splittable single-cell microchip that integrates a high-density antibody array for cytokine protein detection, while the same single cells with protein profiles can be subsequently sequenced to obtain the genome-wide transcriptome. Combined with bioinformatics algorithms, we discovered a subgroup of highly coexpressed genes correlating with TNFα secretion in mouse macrophage cells. This technology and the data analysis may lead to an unprecedented understanding of regulation mechanisms of the immune system and have the potential to impact disease treatment and drug discovery.
Perestroika to Parkland: The Evolution of Land Protection in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan

This article traces the evolution of land protection in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan. The Pamirs form the “Roof of the World,” where the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Tian Shan, and Kunlun Shan range...
Discrete Multi-agent Plan Recognition: Recognizing Teams, Goals, and Plans from Action Sequences

Multi-agent Plan Recognition (MPAR) infers teams and their goals from observed actions of individual agents. The complexity of creating a priori plan libraries significantly increases to account for diversity of action sequences different team structures may exhibit. A key challenge in MPAR is effectively pruning the joint search space of agent to team compositions and goal to team assignments. Here, we describe discrete Multi-agent Plan Recognition as Planning (MAPRAP), which extends Ramirez and Geffner’s Plan Recognition as Planning (PRAP) approach to multi-agent domains. Instead of a plan library, MAPRAP uses the planning domain and synthesizes plans to achieve hypothesized goals with additional constraints for suspected team composition and previous observations. By comparing costs of plans, MAPRAP identifies feasible interpretations that explain the teams and plans observed. We establish a performance profile for discrete MAPRAP in a multi-agent blocks-world domain. We evaluated precision, accuracy, and recall after each observation. We compare two pruning strategies to dampen the explosion of hypotheses tested. Aggressive pruning averages 1.05 plans synthesized per goal per time step for multi-agent scenarios vice 0.56 for single agent scenarios.
Accumulation of coal combustion residues and their immunological effects in the yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta).

Abstract Anthropogenic activities such as industrial processes often produce copious amounts of contaminants that have the potential to negatively impact growth, survival, and reproduction of exposed wildlife. Coal combustion residues (CCRs) represent a major source of pollutants globally, resulting in the release of potentially harmful trace elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and selenium (Se) into the environment. In the United States, CCRs are typically stored in aquatic settling basins that may become attractive nuisances to wildlife. Trace element contaminants, such as CCRs, may pose a threat to biota yet little is known about their sublethal effects on reptiles. To assess the effects of CCR exposure in turtles, we sampled 81 yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta) in 2014–2015 from CCR-contaminated and uncontaminated reference wetlands located on the Savannah River Site (Aiken, SC, USA). Specific aims were to (1) compare the accumulation of trace elements in T. s. scripta claw and blood samples between reference and CCR-contaminated site types, (2) evaluate potential immunological effects of CCRs via bacterial killing assays and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) assays, and (3) quantify differences in hemogregarine parasite loads between site types. Claw As, Cd, copper (Cu), and Se (all p ≤ 0.001) and blood As, Cu, Se, and strontium (Sr; p ≤ 0.015) were significantly elevated in turtles from CCR-contaminated wetlands compared to turtles from reference wetlands. Turtles from reference wetlands exhibited lower bacterial killing (p = 0.015) abilities than individuals from contaminated sites but neither PHA responses (p = 0.566) nor parasite loads (p = 0.980) differed by site type. Despite relatively high CCR body burdens, sliders did not exhibit apparent impairment of immunological response or parasite load. In addition, the high correlation between claw and blood concentrations within individuals suggests that nonlethal tissue sampling may be useful for monitoring CCR exposure in turtles.
A Chemogenomic Screening Platform Used to Identify Chemotypes Perturbing HSP90 Pathways

Compounds that modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) network have potential in a broad range of research applications and diseases. A yeast-based liquid culture assay that measured time-dependent turbidity enabled the high-throughput screening of different Saccharomyces cerevisae strains to identify HSP modulators with unique molecular mechanisms. A focused set of four strains, with differing sensitivities to Hsp90 inhibitors, was used to screen a compound library of 3680 compounds. Computed turbidity curve functions were used to classify strain responses and sensitivity to chemical effects across the compound library. Filtering based on single-strain selectivity identified nine compounds as potential heat shock modulators, including the known Hsp90 inhibitor macbecin. Haploid yeast deletion strains (360), mined from previous Hsp90 inhibitor yeast screens and heat shock protein interaction data, were screened for differential sensitivities to known N-terminal ATP site-directed Hsp90 inhibitors to reveal f...
Immersion Electrospinning as a New Method to Direct Fiber Deposition

This paper describes a new method for directed steering of fibers via a combination of electro- and wet-spinning: Immersion Electrospinning. In this process, a polymeric dope is extruded directly into a coagulation bath (e.g., a blend of chloroform/mineral oil). Through increased drag force and reduced charge build-up on the fiber surface, the speed of the fiber jet, driven by an electric field, is greatly reduced in comparison to traditional electrospinning. This speed reduction coincides with suppression of the whipping motion, offering better control of jetting behavior. Immersion Electrospinning of poly(acrylonitrile), PAN, at five different electric fields ranging from 12.5 to 375 kV m−1 shows continuous fiber formation until a critical electric field strength, Ecrit = 125 kV m−1. At Ecrit, an increased whipping motion is observed and above Ecrit, fiber disruption and fragmentation occur. Selectively applying ≈50 kV m−1 to an array of electrodes produces a continuous PAN fiber in a square path.
Top management attention to trade shows and firm performance: A relationship marketing perspective

Abstract B2B marketers allocate significant resources to trade shows, but often struggle to make a strong business case for these activities. Responding to calls to justify such investments, this research examines the effect that top management attention to trade shows has on firm value. Based on attention theory, this study suggests that top management's focus on trade show relationship marketing efforts results in better trade show performance. This helps develop market-based assets that in turn augment firm value. Using an event study to extrapolate the contingent effect that top management attention to trade shows has on firm value, the basic hypothesis is supported. Additionally, this research tests three top management orientations that are key to performing trade show relationship marketing activities. The findings address the absence of top management from extant trade show research and provide marketers with new insights related to maximizing their trade show investments.
A Neuronal Modeling System for Generating Brainstem Maps of Auditory Space

We have developed a model for the mammalian medial superior olive (MSO) based on the concept of neuronal cross-correlation. The input to the model is derived from a representation of the cochlea and auditory nerve. We show that the model is capable of discriminating the difference in the time of arrival of signals at the two ears not only for single tones, but for a single delayed tone within a tone complex as well.
Bradyarrhythmias in Repaired Atrioventricular Septal Defects: Single-Center Experience Based on 34 Years of Follow-Up of 522 Patients.

Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) is a rare congenital heart defect (CHD) often associated with genetic syndromes, most commonly Down syndrome (DS). Over the last four decades, surgical repair has increased survival and improved quality of life in these patients. The prevalence of bradyarrhythmias namely, atrioventricular block (AVB) and sinus node dysfunction (SND) in AVSD is partially known. 522 cases with both partial and complete AVSD (38.7% with DS), undergoing intracardiac repair from 1982 to 2016 at our institution, were reviewed from our system database. 38 (7.3%) patients received permanent PM implantation for AVB (early or late) or SND. On one hand, AVB requiring PM was found in 26 (4.98%). This was further subdivided into early-onset 14 (2.6%) and late-onset AVB 12 (2.2%) (median 4 [IQR 1–7] years). On the other hand, 12 (2.3%) experienced late SND requiring PM (median 11 [IQR 3.5–15.2] years). Early and late AVB were independent from the type of AVSD (partial or complete), whereas the late SND was remarkably observed in complete AVSD compared to partial AVSD (p = 0.017). We classified the cohort into two main categories: DS (202, 38.7%) and non-DS (320, 61.3%). At Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, DS was significantly associated with late-onset bradyarrhythmias (p = 0.024). At Cox regression analysis, we identified DS as an independent predictor of PM implantation (HR 2.17). In conclusion, about 7% of repaired AVSD patients need PM implantation during follow-up. There are no differences in early and late AVB occurrence according to the type of AVSD. There is a higher incidence of late SND in repaired complete AVSD, with a later timing onset in patients with associated DS. Moreover, DS seems to be an independent predictor of PM implantation.
On Category Overlapping in Taxonomy

In his book The Language of Taxonomy 1, J. R. Gregg, following the lead of J. H. Woodger2, has applied the techniques of modern logic and set theory to examine a problem of importances in biology. In Gregg’s case the problem is that of elucidating the structure of the taxonomic systems used in biological classification. His achievements in this direction are considerable, but the model he sets up still suffers from certain short-comings. The one serious defect of the model is, as he himself takes pains to point out, that it leads to “category overlapping”. This arises because taxonomic groups3 are defined as sets of organisms, and sets with the same membership must be identified. Thus, to take one of Gregg’s examples, the groups called “Apteryx” (a genus), “Apterygidae” (a family), and “Apterygiformes” (an order), all contain the same organisms (the flightless kiwi birds of New Zealand) and must accordingly be considered identical. Therefore in this case4 the categories “Genus”, “Family”, and “Order” cannot be distinguished. This, then, is category overlapping: the inability to distinguish between taxonomic groups which, though belonging to different categories, contain the same organisms, and the consequent inability to distinguish the categories themselves, at least “locally”. Another way of putting this is that taxonomic categories, as such, cannot be defined within Gregg’s model.
Stents in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Insertion of self-expanding metallic stents is now a well-established method to treat obstructions of the biliary tract (Rossi et al. 1994) and the oesophagus (Song et al. 1994; Adam et al. 1997). Recently their use has been extended to gastroduodenal outlet obstruction and treatment of acute ileus in colorectal obstruction. Patients with malignant gastroduodenal as well as colorectal obstruction are often elderly, frail and dehydrated with electrolyte imbalance and, therefore, are poor surgical candidates; self-expanding stents offer an attractive way of palliative or preoperative treatment which rapidly relieves the symptoms of retention and improves the clinical condition.
Contexts and Packages

In any interactive language with a multitude of built-in and user-defined functions, it can be difficult to keep all the names straight. It is for this reason that we introduced the Module construct. Contexts and packages are features that are included in Mathematica to help avoid name conflicts when entire files of value and function definitions are given.
Sleep During Perimenopause

Women in perimenopause and beyond the final menstrual period are prone to insomnia, often clustered with vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes/sweats) and depressed mood. Evidence is weak for sole or predominant effects of reproductive hormones, pointing to the need for the pursuit of other propensities. Female reproductive aging, identified by hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian hormone changes, can be seen over and above biological age and some other factors to convey vulnerability for sleep-related breathing disorders and restless legs syndrome.
Gas Chromatography of Vitamin B6 and Other Vitamins

Although a number of methods are available for the assay of vitamins [1-5], gas chromatography, where applicable, may offer unique advantages in speed of separation, sensitivity, and convenience in quantitation. The recently introduced combination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry [6] can be expected to provide a powerful tool for analytical studies in this field, such as those concerned with the metabolic fates of vitamins and their analogs. The present chapter embodies an attempt to indicate the potential usefulness of gas chromatography in vitamin research in general and in the study of vitamin B6 in particular.
Investigating Vortex Ring Propagation Speed Past Prosthetic Heart Valves: Implications for Assessing Valve Performance

Every year approximately 200,000 human heart valves are replaced worldwide. Although prosthetic heart valves are widely accepted, their performance is far from ideal, especially when compared to natural and healthy heart valves. There is a need to develop more accurate methods of characterizing the performance and efficiency of prosthetic heart valves. Currently, though, heart valves are clinically evaluated based on transvalvular pressure characteristics and left ventricular ejection fraction. These current assessment methods overlook the complex flow field downstream of these valves and inside the left ventricle which if understood can provide valuable insight on valvular and cardiac performance. Thus, our research focuses on flow characterization past heart valves. Namely, we are interested in characterizing vortex ring formation, resulting from the roll-up of the shear layers shedding past heart valves, which has been shown by previous studies to be important and to provide insight into left ventricle energy losses. Having designed a flow loop to enable the visualization of vortex ring formation past various mechanical and biological heart valves, we tested four prosthetic valves (three mechanical and one biological). The use of a high speed camera enabled us to capture vortex ring formation past the various prosthetic valve designs. Important flow parameters were estimated, such as vortex ring propagation speed which has been shown to be an important diagnostic parameter. Comparative analysis across valves revealed important differences between biological and mechanical heart valves. The potential of this research is that it can aid researchers and practitioners to determine the effectiveness of all types of valves (natural, diseased, prosthetic, tissue engineered, percutaneous) and also serve as ground work leading towards clinical translation.
Anatomy of a pressure sensing protein kinase

Abstract Cells respond to hydrostatic pressure to maintain cellular, organ and organism level functions, to set and respond to blood pressure, tissue perfusion, filtration rates and other processes. Pressure sensing is thought to occur at membranes where proteins can respond to mechanical cues 1,2,3. Thus, proteins implicated as direct pressure sensors have been mainly ion channels 2,4, and more recently G-protein coupled receptors5,6. Here we show, contrary to expectations, that hydrostatic pressure directly induces autophosphorylation and activation of an intracellular protein kinase, With No Lysine kinase-3 (WNK3), and to a lesser extent, WNK17. The pressure sensitivity is a property of the kinase domains alone of WNK1 and WNK3. The crystal structure of the unphosphorylated inactive WNK1 kinase domain (iWNK1) suggests that a dimer to monomer equilibrium and changes in hydration are central to pressure sensing. Aspects of this mechanism are supported by mutagenic analysis. We further show that hydrostatic pressure activates full-length WNK3 in Drosophila tubules.
Analogs of penfluridol as chemotherapeutic agents with reduced central nervous system activity

Several recent reports have highlighted the feasibility of the use of penfluridol, a well-known antipsychotic agent, as a chemotherapeutic agent. In vivo experiments have confirmed the cytotoxic activity of penfluridol in triple-negative breast cancer model, lung cancer model, and further studies have been proposed to assess its anticancer activity and viability for the treatment of glioblastomas. However, penfluridol anticancer activity was observed at a dosage significantly higher than that administered in antipsychotic therapy, thus raising the concern for the potential onset of CNS side effects in patients undergoing intensive pharmacological treatment. In this study, we evaluate the potential CNS toxicity of penfluridol side by side with a set of analogs.
Global Left Ventricular Relaxation: A Useful Echocardiographic Marker of Heart Transplant Rejection and Recovery in Children.

Background Tissue Doppler velocities are impaired after heart transplantation and further diminished in acute rejection. Methods Left ventricular relaxation index (LVRI) was calculated as the sum of E′ of the left ventricular lateral, septal and posterior walls divided by left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thinning (LVRI = E′ lateral + E′ septal + E′ posterior/[systolic LVPW − diastolic LVPW/systolic LVPW]). On the basis of a prior study, LVRI > 0.8 was considered normal after transplantation. Serial LVRI measurements (n = 941) were analyzed in a total of 35 patients who underwent transplantation. The sensitivity and specificity of LVRI Results LVRI was low early after transplantation (mean, 0.69) normalizing (mean, 0.91) at a median of 39.6 days (range, 5–115 days) after transplantation. Fifteen episodes of rejection were seen in 11 patients. LVRI was lower at diagnosis of rejection compared with baseline (P = .0013). LVRI Conclusion After the early posttransplantation period, serial measurements of LVRI appear to be a useful echocardiographic marker of heart transplantation rejection in children and of the effectiveness of rejection treatment. As such, this method may be of value in the ongoing clinical management of these difficult patients.
FastDAWG: Improving Data Migration in the BigDAWG Polystore System

The problem of data integration has been around for decades, yet a satisfactory solution has not yet emerged. A new type of system called a polystore has surfaced to partially address the integration problem. Based on experience with our own polystore called BigDAWG, we identify three major roadblocks to an acceptable commercial solution. We offer a new architecture inspired by these three problems that trades some generality for usability. This architecture also exploits modern hardware (i.e., high-speed networks and RDMA) to gain performance. The paper concludes with some promising experimental results.