cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The changing topography of computer access for composition students

Abstract This article explores the notion of computer access for composition students. The authors focus on the need for a more complex understanding of access, given the real conditions under which students produce writing. Analyzing the issue requires attention not only to traditional configurations of class and ownership but also to the ways that current and ever-changing student working conditions create new challenges and problems.
Restoration of high-tilt electron micrographs using a focus series

Abstract Electron microscopy tomography requires high-tilt projections. However, the variation in defocus over a highly tilted specimen results in a blurred micrograph, where the blur is spatially varying perpendicular to the tilt axis. This spatially varying blur can cause the micrograph to deviate from an acceptable approximation of the projection of the specimen's density function. In practice, this has been one factor limiting reconstructions of large cellular areas. We derive an algorithm to restore, or deblur, high-tilt electron micrographs using multiple defocused versions of the micrograph. This algorithm consists of digitization and registration of the micrographs, identification of the defocus blur using either a theoretical model or a zero-tilt focus series, and spatially varying restoration using the multiple high-tilt defocused micrographs. Numerical results using simulated and real data are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Scattering theory and the trace of the wave group

In [9] Lax and Phillips discuss the analogue for classical scattering theories, in odd space dimensions, of the Poisson summation formula as generalized to compact manifolds by Chazarain [3], Colin de Verdi&e 141, and Duistermaat and Guillemin [5], and further generalized to manifolds with boundary in [ 1, 71. However, in [9], this trace formula is only proved for comparatively large values of the time variable (see also Ralston [ 14 1, Bardos el al. [2]). This note is devoted to the proof of the same formula for all positive time, for the case of scattering by a smooth compactly supported potential. If N(A) is the number of poles, ]A,] 3) then, for every E > 0 there exists C, > 0 such that
From self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) to supported BLMs on metal and gel substrates to practical applications

Abstract The inspiration for lipid bilayer research, without question, comes from the biological world. Although the first report on self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) in vitro was reported in 1961, experimental scientists including surface, colloid, and bioscientists have been dealing with these interfacial phenomena since Robert Hooke's time (1672). BLMs have been used in a number of applications ranging from basic membrane biophysics studies to the conversion of solar energy via water photolysis, and to biosensor development using supported bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs). This paper briefly summarizes the past research of our laboratory since 1974 on the use of BLMs as models of certain biological membranes. Further, we describe in some details our present work on supported BLMs as practical biosensors. The experiments carried out in close collaboration with others on s-BLMs are also presented. Supported BLMs provide the foundation for a variety of lipid bilayer-based molecular sensors that are sensitive, versatile, inexpensive (i.e. disposable) and open to all sorts of experimentation.
CATCH: A Cloud-Based Adaptive Data Transfer Service for HPC

Modern High Performance Computing (HPC) applications process very large amounts of data. A critical research challenge lies in transporting input data to the HPC center from a number of distributed sources, e.g., scientific experiments and web repositories, etc., and offloading the result data to geographically distributed, intermittently available end-users, often over under-provisioned connections. Such end-user data services are typically performed using point-to-point transfers that are designed for well-endowed sites and are unable to reconcile the center's resource usage and users' delivery deadlines, unable to adapt to changing dynamics in the end-to-end data path and are not fault-tolerant. To overcome these inefficiencies, decentralized HPC data services are emerging as viable alternatives. In this paper, we develop and enhance such distributed data services by designing CATCH, a Cloud-based Adaptive data Transfer service for HPC. CATCH leverages a bevy of cloud storage resources to orchestrate a decentralized data transport with fail-over capabilities. Our results demonstrate that CATCH is a feasible approach, and can help improve the data transfer times at the HPC center by as much as 81.1\% for typical HPC workloads.
Perfonnance of the SIR-B Digital Image Processing Subsystem

A ground-based system to generate digital SAR image products has been developed and implemented in support of the SIR-B mission. This system is designed to achieve the maximum throughput while meeting strict image fidelity criteria. Its capabilities include: automated radiometric and geometric correction of the output imagery; high-precision absolute location without tiepoint registration; filtering of the raw data to remove spurious signals from alien radars; and automated cataloging to maintain a full set of radar and image parameters in a database. This system which is the primary image production facility in support of the SIR-B science investigators routinely produces over 80 image frames per week.
Preparing Students for College Entrance Exams: Findings of a Secondary Intervention Conducted Within a Three-Tiered Model of Support

This study examined outcomes associated with participation in a program, Preparing for the ACT, designed to enhance student performance (N = 126) on the ACT college entrance exam. This targeted intervention was implemented as part of a three-tiered model of positive behavior support. Results of descriptive analyses revealed that only academic performance in the previous academic year was significant in predicting postintervention practice scores. Furthermore, students' postintervention scores were significant in predicting actual ACT scores. However, only in the case of the English subject area test were academic and behavioral performance predictive of English ACT scores. Results of a quasiexperimental design used to compare actual ACT performance for students who did and did not participate in the intervention suggested improved performance for students who did participate in the program, as evidenced by positive effect sizes—an increase in the percentage of students who met the district target scores a...
Policing the Borderlands: White- and Black-American Newspaper Perceptions of Multiracial Heritage and the Idea of Race, 1996-2006

By employing a new policy of “check all that apply,” the Census Bureau accommodated a mushrooming multiracial lobby demanding that its members be allowed a right to self-identification. With its implied shifting meaning of race, newspapers portrayed the reaction to this change as a firestorm of debate along racial fault lines, highlighted by Black-American inferences that this was a perilous decision. Using textual analysis, I examine from 1996 to 2006 how five Black-American and three White-American newspapers characterized multiracial people. White-American papers framed the discussion in two ways: (a) multiracial people epitomize a new era in which race has lost its bite, and (b) Black America stands in the way of their gaining their civil rights. There were also two frames for the Black-American papers: (a) The lobby advocates individual identity and is undergirded by denial or distancing from Blackness, and (b) that focus undermines Black America's future by playing into the misguided notion that race is socially insignificant.
On the construction of multiphase communication protocols

The complexity of communication protocols has led to compositional techniques to design and verify protocols. We propose a framework for sequential composition of protocols. We identify two types of interactions, ordering and inhibition, required to specify such compositions. By describing these interactions separately, our framework enhances the applicability to the technique to a larger class of protocols. The technique facilitates modular design and verification. We illustrate the use of our technique by deriving several protocols. >
The Tyranny of Technology: A Critical Assessment of the Social Arena of Online Learning

Educators and learners in adult education have been sentenced to online learning before we have truly explored the verdict of whether online learning is all it is touted to be. The vast majority of online learning dialogue has extolled the virtues of cybereducation as not only the future but the salvation of education (Brabazon, 2002; Menchik, 2004). Davison (2004), however, suggests we have not mindfully considered how technology transcends mere use and intertwines with our sense of self and the world. In this article we critically question this dominant view of technology, using Bourdieu's (e.g., 1977) theory of practice to inform our challenge of dominant discourses around online education. We present a brief review of Bourdieu's theory of practice, followed by an overview of the dominant discourses associated with cybereducation and our Bourdieusian interpretation of cybereducation. We conclude with implications for the future of online learning for the field of adult education.
Featherlight Information Network with Delay-Endurable RFID Support (FINDERS)

This research centers on the Featherlight Information Network with Delay-Endurable RFID Support (FINDERS), composed of passive RFID tags which are ultra light, durable, and flexible, without power supply for long-lasting applications under strict weight constraints and harsh environments. It expands the use of RFID gear for wireless network construction, aiming to find events of interest and gather aggregate information. FINDERS faces unprecedented challenges in communication and networking, due to its sporadic wireless links, unique asymmetric communication paradigm, intermittent computation capability, and extremely small memory of tags. Analytic and simulation data are collected to show the feasibility and efficiency of FINDERS.
ORGANIZATIONAL GENESIS, IDENTITY AND CONTROL: THE TRANSFORMATION OF BANKING IN RENAISSANCE FLORENCE

Current organization theories explain organizational form essentially through selection. That is, instead of focusing on the dynamics of emergence, the field as a whole adopts as its epistemology consequentialism, which emphasizes the relative performances, and hence death rates, of different forms in different environments. The hope of the field is that the performance relationship between form and environment is sufficiently invariant that equilibrium fixed points will be reached, independent of dynamic path. This shared epistemological stance hardly implies that theoretical consensus has been reached. Strong debates flourish over which selection environment is the most powerful (markets vs. states vs. professions); over what is the proper unit of selection (standard operating procedures vs. contracts vs. legitimation principles vs. structural phenotypes); and over what role strategic choice plays in macro selection (constitutive vs. epiphenomenal). All these debates reveal that "performance," the criterion for selection, is far more difficult to define, much less measure, than may at first appear. Such operational difficulties aside, the field's epistemological convergence on consequentialism has had the virtue of permitting debates to be tight and well focused.
Metaphors of Distress Photo-Elicitation Enhances a Discourse Analysis of Parents’ Accounts

In research on sensitive topics, photo-elicitation can be a profound aid to data collection and interpretation processes. Photo-elicitation methods were used in this manner in a discourse analysis of parents' distress at least 6 months after preterm birth. After an initial interview, participants were asked to take digital photographs representing their distress and to return for a second interview to discuss the photographs. The elicited photo representations supported participants' engagement with their current or past distress and generated new meanings from the reappraisal of old photographs. Photo-elicitation demonstrated the embodiment of parents' distress in the child and the placement of distress in specific locations. Photographs of documents showed the power of the written word in generating and maintaining distress. Participants used existing photographs from their child's photo history to generate rich metaphors for their distress as parents. These findings have implications for enhancing interpretive health research by incorporating photo-elicitation methods.
Benefits of information visualization systems for administrative data analysts

We report results from a study on the adoption of an information visualization system by administrative data analysts. Despite the fact that the system was neither fully integrated with their current software tools nor with their existing data analysis practices, analysts identified a number of key benefits that visualization systems provide to their work. These benefits for the most part occurred when analysts went beyond their habitual and well-mastered data analysis routines and engaged in creative discovery processes. We analyze the conditions under which these benefits arose, to inform the design of visualization systems that can better assist the work of administrative data analysts.
Institutional Strangulation: Bureaucratic Politics and Financial Reform in the Obama Administration

The politics of financial reform represent a genuine test case for American politics and its institutions. The Obama administration's proposed reforms pit common (largely unorganized) interests against well-organized and wealthy minority interests. I describe how the withering and unfolding of financial reform has occurred not through open institutional opposition but through a quieter process that I call institutional strangulation. Institutional strangulation consists of much more than the stoppage of policies by aggregation of veto points as designed in the US Constitution. In the case of financial reform, it has non-constitutional veto points, including committee politics and cultural veto points (gender and professional finance), strategies of partisan intransigence, and perhaps most significantly, the bureaucratic politics of turf and reputation. These patterns can weaken common-interest reforms, especially in the broad arena of consumer protection.
Sand Sediment in a Michigan Trout Stream Part II. Effects of Reducing Sand Bedload on a Trout Population

Abstract This is the second of a two-part sedimentation study. A sediment basin excavated in a Michigan trout stream reduced the sandy bedload sediment by 86% (from 56 ppm down to 8 ppm). Following the reduction in bedload, trout numbers increased significantly during the next 6 years. Small or young trout increased about 40% throughout the treated area. Larger and older trout increased in that part of the treated area that had an erodible sand bed. Although trout production increased 28%, growth rate of the trout changed but little. Both brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) populations responded similarly to the bedload reduction. However, statistical tests were more conclusive for brown trout than for rainbow trout because of the lower year-to-year variation of the brown trout population. The results suggested that in-stream sediment basins are an effective means for removing sand bedload and that even small amounts of moving-sand bedload sediments can have a major impact on a ...
Genetic algorithm composes music

Genetic algorithms (GAs) and thematic bridging are applied to composition. Thematic bridging allows for the specification of thematic material (frequency, duration, and amplitude) to the GA. The GA controls a dynamic operation set that dictates the placement and arrangement of the thematic material.
Localized Vibrations of Disordered Multispan Beams: Theory and Experiment

The localization of the free modes of vibration of disordered multispan beams is investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that small deviations of the span lengths from an ideal value may have drastic effects on the dynamics of the system. Emphasis is placed on the development of a perturbation method that allows one to obtain the strongly localized modes of vibration of the disordered system without a global eigenvalue analysis of the entire system. Such a perturbation analysis is cost-effective and accurate. More importantly, it provides physical insight into the localization phenomenon, and allows one to formulate a criterion that predicts the occurrence of strongly localized modes. Also, an experiment is described which has been carried out to verify the existence of localized modes for disordered two-span beams. Theoretical and ex- perimental results are compared in detail and excellent agreement is found, thus confirming the existence of localized modes for such weakly coupled, weakly disordered structural systems.
Culture and Probability Judgment Accuracy: The Influence of Holistic Reasoning

A well-established phenomenon in the judgment and decision-making tradition is the overconfidence one places in the amount of knowledge that one possesses. Overconfidence or probability judgment accuracy varies not only individually but also across cultures. However, research efforts to explain cross-cultural variations in the overconfidence phenomenon have seldom been made. In Study 1, the authors compared the probability judgment accuracy of U.S. Americans (N = 108) and Mexican participants (N = 100). In Study 2, they experimentally primed culture by randomly assigning English/Spanish bilingual Mexican Americans (N = 195) to response language. Results of both studies replicated the cross-cultural variation of probability judgment accuracy previously observed in other cultural groups. U.S. Americans displayed less overconfidence when compared to Mexicans. These results were then replicated in bilingual participants, when culture was experimentally manipulated with language priming. Holistic reasoning did not account for the cross-cultural variation of overconfidence. Suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Effectiveness of Noninvasive Programmed Stimulation for Initiating Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Third‐Generation Implantable Cardioverter Definrillators

Previous generations of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) required invasive electrophysiological testing to assess defibrillator function. Newer third-generation ICDs include the capability for performing noninvasive programmed stimulation (NIPS) and may reduce the need for invasive studies to assess tachycardia recognition and antitachycardia therapy algorithms. The effectiveness of ICD-based NIPS for the induction of ventricular arrhythmias has not, however, been formally assessed. Third-generation ICDs were implanted in 79 patients, who underwent a total of 166 postoperative defibrillator tests. NIPS with rapid ventricular pacing was performed in all patients in an attempt to induce ventricular fibrillation. In patients with prior sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia, programmed stimulation with up to three extrastimuli was performed in order to attempt to initiate the clinical ventricular tachcardia. Ventricular fibrillation was induced with NIPS in 146 of 166 studies (88%). Ventricular tachycardia was initiated with NIPS in 104 of 123 studies (85%). The type of defibrillator and the use of endocardial or epicardial rate sensing/ pacing leads did not influence the efficacy of NIPS. NIPS with third-generation ICDs is generally effective at inducing ventricular fibrillation and clinically relevant ventricular tachycardias, and reduces the need to perform invasive electrophysiological testing following device implantation. In a minority of patients temporary transvenous pacing catheters must still be used to facilitate arrhythmia induction.
Romantic Partners and Four-Legged Friends: An Extension of Attachment Theory to Relationships with Pets

ABSTRACTThe founding principle of attachment theory (Bowlby 1973) is that a secure attachment to a caregiver is one of the first and most basic needs in an infant's life. Through the decades attachment theory has expanded its scope to include central adult relationships, especially between romantic partners, and has provided a useful framework for exploring relationships with friends and family members. We seek to further extend the application of the standard model of adult attachment to another interaction that people value: relationships with pets. We compared participants' reports of their relationships with pets and relationships with romantic partners in a web-based survey of 192 pet owners. Our adaptations of measures originally designed to measure insecurity in human relationships—the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew and Horowitz 1991) and the Avoidance and Anxiety scales from the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller and Brennan 2000)—produced ...
Justification for site-specific weed management based on ecology and economics

Abstract One of the primary benefits of site-specific agricultural technologies is the potential to reduce the use of polluting inputs, thereby minimizing ecological damage. Weeds are often found in patches, so site-specific (field scale) management offers a straightforward opportunity to minimize ecological effects related to wasteful broadcast use of herbicides. Beyond possible efficiencies related to accurate targeting, site-specific technologies, through a process of parameterizing management decision models for each field, may improve ecological understanding of weed populations and thus encourage ecologically based management. This hypothesis was assessed with a simple model that combined economic injury–level prediction with a single parameter (growing season precipitation) to represent environmental variability. Model simulations of crop yield in response to weed density at a virtual farm and six surrounding regional experiment stations suggested that localized (on-farm field) parameter estimation...
Pharmacologic inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling promotes hair growth.

Several forms of hair loss in humans are characterized by the inability of hair follicles to enter the growth phase (anagen) of the hair cycle after being arrested in the resting phase (telogen). Current pharmacologic therapies have been largely unsuccessful in targeting pathways that can be selectively modulated to induce entry into anagen. We show that topical treatment of mouse and human skin with small-molecule inhibitors of the Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway results in rapid onset of anagen and subsequent hair growth. We show that JAK inhibition regulates the activation of key hair follicle populations such as the hair germ and improves the inductivity of cultured human dermal papilla cells by controlling a molecular signature enriched in intact, fully inductive dermal papillae. Our findings open new avenues for exploration of JAK-STAT inhibition for promotion of hair growth and highlight the role of this pathway in regulating the activation of hair follicle stem cells.
Opening spaces of learning in the linguistic landscape

In the context of increasing interest in the linguistic landscape as a site of language and literacy learning, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for joining recent innovations in LL theory and methodology with pedagogical practice in second and foreign language education. After a review of current approaches to teaching the linguistic forms, cultural messages, and political actions realized in the linguistic landscape, a spatialized perspective based upon the principle of thirdness is proposed as a way for learners to explore, contrast, and reflect upon multiple meanings in the LL. Specifically, the paper adapts methodological innovations in Trumper-Hecht (2010) and other recent research by reinterpreting Henri Lefebvre’s triadic paradigm of conceived, perceived, and lived spaces for the language classroom, such that teachers and learners can design nuanced, multilayered investigations of discourses in place. As qualitative methods cast new light on questions of subjectivity, materiality, and change in the linguistic landscape, it is argued, linguistic landscape research offers valuable tools for pedagogical application, even as language learners open up new interpretive spaces for research.
Mixed Brain Syndromes

The majority of brain disorders may involve multiple locations or diffuse dysfunction attributable to more than one brain regions. This might be the case following a traumatic brain injury where physical events involving shearing forces and stretching of tissues are involved. These features may follow a seemingly localized cerebrovascular accident where vasodynamic influences, edema, and pressure effects are at play and potentially affecting far-field brain regions. The multitude of combined syndromes is well beyond the scope of these writings. However, one potential categorical example may be provided in the case of foreign-accent syndrome(s).
A decision support system for mission-based ship routing considering multiple performance criteria

Abstract It is crucial to evaluate the risk associated with marine vessels subjected to inclement weather and sea conditions when developing a decision support system for ship routing. The generalized decision making framework developed in this paper performs a variety of tasks, including, but not limited to quantifying the flexural and fatigue performance of ship structures and employing multi-attribute utility theory to evaluate ship mission performance. A structural reliability approach is utilized to compute the probability of failure considering the uncertainties in structural capacity and load effects; specifically, effects of flexural and fatigue damage are investigated. The expected repair cost, cumulative fatigue damage, total travel time, and carbon dioxide emissions associated with ship routing are considered as consequences within the risk assessment procedure adopted in this paper. Additionally, the decision maker’s risk attitude is integrated into the presented approach by employing utility theory. The presented methodology can assist decision makers in making informed decisions concerning ship routing. In order to illustrate its capabilities the approach is applied to the Joint High-speed Sealift Ship.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MULTIPLE ENRICHMENTS IN EXTENDED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SHORT FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

This manuscript presents an extended finite element method (XFEM) approach to capture the interactions between fibers in short fiber reinforced composites. Short fiber inclusions are incorporated into the XFEM framework as deformable elastic zero measure objects. Two separate enrichment functions are employed to account for both the presence of fibers within the composite domain and to idealize the progressive debonding along fiber matrix interfaces. This study investigates the accuracy characteristics of the formulation when multiple fiber enrichments and interface debonding enrichments lie within a single element. Accurately capturing multiple enrichments in a single element is particularly important for modeling the failure process of fiber reinforced composites with a significant amount of discontinuous fibers with high aspect ratios. The performance of the proposed XFEM model is assessed by comparing model predictions to the direct finite element method for various interacting fiber configurations. The numerical verification studies indicated that the proposed model displays high accuracy and captures the debonding interactions at fiber-matrix interfaces.
Fibroblast growth factor family aberrations as a putative driver of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an epidemiologically low-risk patient as defined by targeted sequencing.

Background Targeted sequencing of patients with epidemiologically low-risk (ELR) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) could help identify novel drivers or lost suppressors leading to precision medicine protocols and improved survival rates. Methods A patient with ELR-HNSCC was selected for targeted sequencing. We then assessed next generation sequencing cohorts from the Oncomine Powertool Database, which contains pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results Targeted sequencing revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) amplifications as a putative driver of the patient's tumor. Patients with HNSCC from TCGA data demonstrated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family mutations, rearrangements, or amplifications in over 35% of HNSCC cases, with a statistically significant higher frequency in African American populations. FGF alterations were unique from activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA) mutations. Conclusion Together, these data suggest that FGF signaling may be critical for a subset of patients with HNSCC independent of other known pathways and provides rationale for leveraging patients with ELR-HNSCC to define molecular subsets of high-risk HNSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Using Physical Activity Transition to Reduce the Perceived Burden of Interruption by Mobile Phones

Wearable computing devices, such as the smartphone, personal digital assistant, and global positioning system have become ubiquitous today. These devices are designed to enhance and enrich daily activities by providing automatic and autonomous support. However, these devices can be intrusive, particularly when the user is immersed in another more important activity. Furthermore, continuous disruptions can often leave the consumer with feelings of frustration or anxiety. One approach to reducing disruptions of wearable devices is to deliver the notifications to the user during times of transition of activity. During activity transition, the user’s perceived burden is lower because they are actively changing their primary task to prepare for another. This research effectively detects physical transition of the user and delivers device-generated notifications during these transitions. An IPhone is augmented with an application that detects physical activity transitions using the data acquired from a built-in LIS302DL tri-axial accelerometer. This work compares user receptivity to messages delivered during activity transitions and of those delivered at random by allowing the user to annotate how receptive they are to each message at time of delivery. The results suggest that context-aware notification mediation can be useful in reduction of the perceived burden of interruptions and, as a result, augmentation of wearables with this type of mediation would be valuable to the consumer.
Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation–Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HSQC–NMR) Fingerprint Analysis of Pyrolysis Oils

The pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin, cellulose, and Loblolly pine wood was examined at 400, 500, and 600 °C. The analysis of the yields of pyrolysis products indicated that lignin yielded the largest amount of a heavy oil and char and only trace levels of a light oil. In contrast, cellulose produced minor amounts of a heavy oil and char and more light oil. All of the pyrolysis oils were analyzed by heteronuclear single-quantum correlation–nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC–NMR) to analyze the structural components of the bio-oils, and three chemical-shift databases of compounds reported to be presented in pyrolysis oils produced from lignin, cellulose, and pine wood were employed for data analysis. On the basis of databases, analysis of the HSQC–NMR spectral data provides chemical-shift assignment of 27 different types of C–H bonds presented in the pyrolysis oils. The HSQC–NMR analysis of these pyrolysis oils indicated that there are two different types of methoxyl groups presented in the pyrolysis oils ...
Effect of large loads of sodium on bone and soft tissue composition.

Summary1) The composition of plasma, muscle, liver and bone was examined in adult male rats. Three rats served as controls, and 5 rats were given a daily load of sodium chloride approximating 50% of the total body sodium for 24 days. 2) The sodium content of plasma, muscle and liver was unchanged in the experimental animals at the end of this time. However, bone mineral sodium increased significantly, and bone water declined.
Disagreement and the speaker’s point of view

This article defends an intentionalist solution to cases of disagreement. Unlike conventionalist approaches, the paper shows that the truth-value of some sentences is shifted and relative to the concrete way the assertion is made. Unlike relativist accounts, it argues that cases of subjective meaning are just apparent, and really express normative content as included in embedded sentences. The paper advocates for a solution based on what I call the speaker’s point of view, which understands disagreement as expressing the speaker’s perspective in conversation about a particular matter without constraining the truth-value of the sentences of our natural language. Consequently, the speaker’s utterance is a speech act necessarily related to the interlocutor’s utterance, which is another speech act, since only by integrating the level of the communicative function into a dialogic interaction the real meaning of the utterances can completely show up.
Residuals in post-chemotherapy, non-depressed patients with leukemia that is in remission

Debate persists regarding the occurrence and etiology of neurocognitive deficits associated with the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents, commonly referred to as “chemobrain”. While some have previously attributed these features to other factors such as fatigue, emotional reactivity, etc., growing literature suggests that in fact chemotherapeutic agents may be the cause. Although research has investigated these deficits, greater investigation is warranted. The current study investigated the presence of residual neurocognitive deficits in non-depressed patients post-chemotherapy with a history of leukemia that was in remission in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: participants included 16 individuals with a history of leukemia postchemotherapy, in remission and without depression and 48 healthy controls. Participants were assessed using the WJ-III with data from the first seven subtests entered for analysis. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences existed between groups. By way of a discriminant function analysis, subtest/domain specific discrepancies were noted. Specifically, participants with a history of leukemia who were post-chemotherapy and without depression were found to perform significantly worse on visual-auditory learning, concept formations, and sound blending than did healthy controls. Findings are seen as additional support of the idea that neurocognitive deficits do in fact occur following chemotherapy. However, they are particularly of interest as they are seen even in the absence of emotional distress and outside the Rachel K. Peterson Chad A. Noggle Lokesh Shahani Raymond S. Dean Neuropsychological Trends – 19/2016 http://www.ledonline.it/neuropsychologicaltrends/ 36 active treatment phase. Additional findings of importance and clinical relevance will be discussed.
Differentiation of depression from chronic pain with the dexamethasone suppression test and DSM-III.

The concept of chronic pain has become enmeshed with depression. In an attempt to unravel this complex relationship, the authors studied a uniform group of 42 patients with chronic pain, i.e., patients who had chronic low back pain with defined organic pathology, in relation to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The results were analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of major depression and cortisol suppression. Forty-one percent of the patients with major depression had abnormal cortisol responses to dexamethasone administration; all patients without major depression had normal responses. These results suggest that chronic pain patients differ from patients with major depression and a positive DST.
Strategic Planning for the Development of Ukrainian Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change

The essence of the “strategic planning” is explored and the peculiarities of strategic planning in the agricultural sector are defined. Global climate change as a factor stimulating the formation of new approaches to strategic planning of agricultural development is considered, and the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector of Ukraine is evaluated. A predictive model of changes in the parameters of agricultural production under expected climate change conditions is constructed, and organizational, socio-economical and environmental components of the strategy of agricultural development are outlined and the conceptual bases for improvement of strategic planning for the development of the agricultural sector in the face of climate change are substantiated.
Mediation analysis with time varying exposures and mediators

In this paper we consider causal mediation analysis when exposures and mediators vary over time. We give non-parametric identification results, discuss parametric implementation, and also provide a weighting approach to direct and indirect effects based on combining the results of two marginal structural models. We also discuss how our results give rise to a causal interpretation of the effect estimates produced from longitudinal structural equation models. When there are time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure and mediator, natural direct and indirect effects are not identified. However, we define a randomized interventional analogue of natural direct and indirect effects that are identified in this setting. The formula that identifies these effects we refer to as the "mediational g-formula." When there is no mediation, the mediational g-formula reduces to Robins' regular g-formula for longitudinal data. When there are no time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure and mediator values, then the mediational g-formula reduces to a longitudinal version of Pearl's mediation formula. However, the mediational g-formula itself can accommodate both mediation and time-varying confounders and constitutes a general approach to mediation analysis with time-varying exposures and mediators.
H I Zeeman Measurements of the Magnetic Field in Sagittarius B2

We have measured the line-of-sight magnetic field toward the Sgr B2 North and Main regions with the VLA by Zeeman mapping of the H I line; Blos ≈ -0.5 mG with spatial variations of about 50%. It is likely that the H I absorption line is produced mainly within the massive molecular envelope surrounding the dense Sgr B2 cores; if so, the Blos we measure is that of the Sgr B2 molecular cloud complex. Maps of the plane-of-sky magnetic field direction from polarized emission of dust have led others to suggest that the present north-south elongation of the Sgr B2 cloud was due to infall along the predominantly east-west oriented magnetic field lines. Our measured magnetic field strength is approximately equal to the critical magnetic field required to support the entire cloud complex against gravitational collapse and thus provides support for this picture. Ambipolar diffusion heating may explain the high gas temperatures in the Sgr B2 cloud.
The Diagnostic Utility and Clinical Implications of Wrist MRI in the Pediatric Population.

Background: Unexplained wrist pain is a common presentation in children. To our knowledge, no studies have explored the clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnostic workup...
The ambiguity of pride

This work aims to account for the complexity of pride, while also trying to clear some ambiguities that in our view result from unwarranted assumptions about its two facets—“authentic” versus “hubr...
Propositional Proof Complexity An Introduction

This article is an abridged and revised version of a 1996 McGill University technical report [15]. The technical report was based on lectures delivered by the author at a workshop in Holetown, Barbados and on the authors prepared overhead transparencies. The audience at this workshop wrote scribe notes which then formed the technical report [15]. The material selected for the present article corresponds roughly to the content of the author’s lectures at the NATO summer school held in Marktoberdorf, Germany in July-August 1997.
Flight Test Validation of Optimal Input Design Using Pilot Implementation

Abstract A new technique for designing piloted optimal flight test inputs for aerodynamic parameter estimation is described . Flight tests were done on the F-18 High Angle of Attack Research Vehicle (HARV) to validate the technique. Analysis of the flight test data indicated that the optimal input designs resulted in a 17-70% improvement in the accuracy of all estimated aerodynamic parameters. compared to compound doublet inputs. This work demonstrated the feasibility and practical utility of the optimal input design technique for pilot implementation.
The link between exercise and titin passive stiffness.

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on how in vivo and molecular measurements of cardiac passive stiffness can predict exercise tolerance and how exercise training can reduce cardiac passive stiffness. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights advances in understanding the relationship between molecular (titin-based) and in vivo (left ventricular) passive stiffness, how passive stiffness modifies exercise tolerance, and how exercise training may be therapeutic for cardiac diseases with increased passive stiffness. Exercise can help alleviate the negative effects of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular co-morbidities associated with sedentary behaviour; this may be especially true in diseases that are associated with increased left ventricular passive stiffness. In this review, we discuss the inverse relationship between exercise tolerance and cardiac passive stiffness. Passive stiffness is the physical property of cardiac muscle to produce a resistive force when stretched, which, in vivo, is measured using the left ventricular end diastolic pressure–volume relationship or is estimated using echocardiography. The giant elastic protein titin is the major contributor to passive stiffness at physiological muscle (sarcomere) lengths. Passive stiffness can be modified by altering titin isoform size or by post-translational modifications. In both human and animal models, increased left ventricular passive stiffness is associated with reduced exercise tolerance due to impaired diastolic filling, suggesting that increased passive stiffness predicts reduced exercise tolerance. At the same time, exercise training itself may induce both short- and long-term changes in titin-based passive stiffness, suggesting that exercise may be a treatment for diseases associated with increased passive stiffness. Direct modification of passive stiffness to improve exercise tolerance is a potential therapeutic approach. Titin passive stiffness itself may be a treatment target based on the recent discovery of RNA binding motif 20, which modifies titin isoform size and passive stiffness. Translating these discoveries that link exercise and left ventricular passive stiffness may provide new methods to enhance exercise tolerance and treat patients with cardiovascular disease.
Kinetics and Products of Chromium(VI) Reduction by Iron(II/III)-Bearing Clay Minerals

Hexavalent chromium is a water-soluble pollutant, the mobility of which can be controlled by reduction of Cr(VI) to less soluble, environmentally benign Cr(III). Iron(II/III)-bearing clay minerals are widespread potential reductants of Cr(VI), but the kinetics and pathways of Cr(VI) reduction by such clay minerals are poorly understood. We reacted aqueous Cr(VI) with two abiotically reduced clay minerals: an Fe-poor montmorillonite and an Fe-rich nontronite. The effects of ionic strength, pH, total Fe content, and the fraction of reduced structural Fe(II) [Fe(II)/Fe(total)] were examined. The last variable had the largest effect on Cr(VI) reduction kinetics: for both clay minerals, the rate constant of Cr(VI) reduction varies by more than 3 orders of magnitude with Fe(II)/Fe(total) and is described by a linear free energy relationship. Under all conditions examined, Cr and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra show that the main Cr-bearing product is a Cr(III)-hydroxide and that Fe remains in the clay structure after reacting with Cr(VI). This study helps to quantify our understanding of the kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(II/III)-bearing clay minerals and may improve predictions of Cr(VI) behavior in subsurface environments.
Accent in the central Somali nominal system

The accentual system of Central Somali nominal forms is described in this paper and contrasted with the systems of Northern Somali and Proto-Somali. In particular, it is shown that a diachronic rightward shift of the accent has had widespread consequences, resulting in surface alternations and a restructuring of the accentual system. However, despite the complications introduced by this change, it is possible to describe the system with two synchronic accentual rules, which generally reflect the history of this development.
Behavior Modification of Older Adults

Behavior modification principles have enjoyed a relatively short but storied history of success in ameliorating behavior management difficulties. Although human beings have made attempts since ancient times to explain human behavior, it was not until recently that a formalized discipline and set of principles to guide human behavior became established (Krasner, 1990). Most historians credit John B. Watson and his 1913 treatise, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it,” as the catalyst of the behavioral movement, a movement that focuses on objective observation of behavior and deemphasizes conscious processes. Although Watson has often received recognition as the founder of behaviorism, some authors have noted that the movement toward behaviorism was already in progress when Watson championed this approach, but that Watson’s works served to catapult it forward (Kazdin, 1978; Samelson, 1981).