cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

Today cesarean section is being done with increasing frequency because properly executed it carries little more risk for the mother and often less risk for the infant than vaginal delivery attempted in the presence of obstetric complications. Optimal results require effective teamwork among obstetrician, anesthetist and nurse. The anesthetist should be fully informed of the obstetric and physiopathologic aspects, while the obstetrician should be well acquainted with anesthetic methods in current use. Of importance to the anesthetist is consideration of the fact that cesarean section imposes a greater physiologic stress on the mother and slight increased risks in morbidity and mortality than are associated with uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. The magnitude of these risks depends on the indication for abdominal delivery. For women undergoing elective cesarean section, these are limited to the same hemodynamic changes seen with vaginal delivery and the slightly greater risk associated with intra-abdominal operations and the required anesthesia. Patients undergoing a cesarean section for semi-emergency reasons are exposed to the added risk inherent in the complications which make cesarean section necessary.
Broadening our perspectives as physicians: one world-one medicine-one health

There are no passengers on spaceship earth. We are all crew ! (Marshall Mcluhan). Understanding the emergence of new zoonotic agents requires knowledge of pathogen biodiversity in wildlife, human-wildlife interactions, anthropogenic pressures on wildlife populations, and changes in society and human behavior [1]. Keywords: Human-wildlife interaction, one-health, zoonoses
Laterally Loaded Plane Structures and Structures Curved in Space

An analytical procedure is presented for determining the effects of loads normal to the plane of such structures as arches, bents, and balcony girders. This procedure is called the “shear and torsi...
Design, Simulation, and Flight Test Validation of a UAV Ground Control Station for Aviation Safety Research and Pilot Modeling

UAV Ground Control Stations (GCS) are being increasingly used for research topics such as subscale aircraft modeling, pilot modeling, pilot-aircraft interface modeling, and UAV mission evaluation. This paper presents the development, simulation, and validation of a UAV GCS with an emphasis on flight test evaluations. The development of hardware and software for both the GCS and UAV platform are introduced along with the development of a simulator for pilot training. Through both ground simulations and UAV flight tests, the capabilities of the GCS have been validated and proven to be capable of meeting current research needs as well as opening up new areas for future research.
Focus on “Targeted expression of activated Q227L Gαs in vivo”

gs was identified over 20 years ago as a heterotrimeric protein required for hormone-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase in liver membranes ([10][1]). Since those original studies, Gs has come to be recognized as a ubiquitously expressed G protein family member that relays signals from a
A Proposed Method for High Efficiency Electrical Energy Storage Using Solid Oxide Cells

Large-scale electrical energy storage is becoming increasingly necessary due to the continued growth of intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. Reversible solid oxide cells (SOCs) have many desirable attributes for this application, but round trip efficiency is expected to be relatively low. Here we use thermodynamic calculations and gas chromatography measurements to demonstrate a reversible SOC storage chemistry where the fuel cycles between H2O-CO2-rich and CH4-H2-rich gases, enabled by operating at reduced temperature and/or increased pressure. The CH4-forming electrolysis reactions are less endothermic than the usual H2- or CO-forming reactions, thereby allowing an improved round-trip efficiency. SOC requirements for this application are discussed.
COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IS ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER LVAD IMPLANTATION

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are accepted therapy for end stage heart failure, but optimal patient selection remains challenging. Cognitive impairment is associated with worse outcomes in other settings, but there is little data on LVAD outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of 100
Inhibition of PC-3 prostate tumor cell growth in nude mice following treatment with combination of the NO donor DETANONoate and CDDP

5481 Distant metastases from malignant melanoma are known to be highly aggressive and chemoresistant, we have therefore studied the combinations of traditional and novel chemotherapy and TRAIL gene therapy in melanoma cell lines. Dacarbazine (DTIC) is the only approved treatment for metastatic malignant melanoma today, despite the modest efficacy of this treatment. New classes of drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) are highly relevant as potential new therapy in metastatic melanoma. Moreover, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent that selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the possibility for the use of any of these agents as monotherapy is probably limited. In the present study we have evaluated the cytotoxic effects of the combined treatments of full-length TRAIL delivered from an adenoviral vector (Ad-hTRAIL) and DTIC or the HDACI SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), in cell lines established from melanoma patients. Five human melanoma cell lines were treated with Ad-hTRAIL alone or in combination with DTIC or SAHA. Cell growth was measured by MTS-assay 72 hours after the treatment was added, and the results obtained for each treatment group were compared with untreated cells. The combined treatment with DTIC and Ad-hTRAIL effectively reduced the cell growth of four of the five cell lines compared to each treatment used alone. By the use of CalcuSyn software the two treatments proved to act synergistically. The HDACI also facilitated growth inhibition, as the combination of SAHA and Ad-hTRAIL was defined as additive or synergistic in all melanoma cell lines. However, the combination of DTIC and Ad-hTRAIL was more effective than the combination with SAHA and Ad-hTRAIL in the melanoma cell lines tested. Both combination therapies were accompanied by increased apoptosis assayed by increased TUNEL-staining and the effect on specific apoptotic mediators (PARP, caspases, Bid) was investigated. Caspase involvement was also observed by the rescue of the treated cells by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. In conclusion, these results suggest that treatment with DTIC and SAHA in combination with TRAIL delivered from an adenoviral vector is effective for the inhibition of melanoma cell growth in vitro . A melanoma-targeted approach for the TRAIL gene therapy will be studied further and evaluated in relevant animal models for the possible use in melanoma patients in the future.
Effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade on cytokine synthesis: I. IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibits IL-1-induced cytokine synthesis and blocks the binding of IL-1 to its type II receptor on human monocytes.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-6 gene expression and synthesis in a variety of cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to inhibit IL-1-induced cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and isolated monocytes. IL-1ra alone at concentrations as high as 1 microgram/mL did not induce IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, or IL-6 synthesis. Suppression of IL-1-induced IL-1, TNF alpha, or IL-6 synthesis was dose-dependent (P less than or equal to .0001). At a twofold molar excess, IL-1ra inhibited IL-1-induced IL-1 or TNF alpha synthesis by 50% (P less than .01); an equimolar concentration of IL-1ra inhibited synthesis of these two cytokines by over 20% (P less than .05). A 10-fold molar excess of IL-1ra over IL-1 beta reduced IL-1 beta-induced IL-1 alpha by 95% (P = .01) and IL-1 alpha-induced IL-1 beta by 73% (P less than .01). IL-1ra added to PBMC 8 hours after stimulation with IL-1 beta was still able to inhibit IL-1 alpha, TNF alpha, and IL-6 synthesis (P less than or equal to .01). A similar reduction in IL-1 beta-induced IL-1 alpha was observed when IL-1 beta was removed from the cultures after 8 hours of stimulation (P less than .05), suggesting a prolonged presence of IL-1 or restimulation of IL-1 receptors on monocytes is required for the induction of cytokines. In elutriated monocytes, a 10-fold molar excess of IL-1ra reduced IL-1 beta-induced IL-1 alpha by 82% (P less than .05), TNF alpha by 64% (P = .05), and IL-6 by 47% (P less than .05). 125I-IL-1 beta was bound to purified monocytes, cross-linked, and immunoprecipitated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a band at 85 Kd corresponding to the 68-Kd IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1RtII). Excess unlabeled IL-1 beta or IL-1ra blocked the binding of 125I-IL-1 beta to the IL-1RtII. We conclude that IL-1ra inhibits IL-1-induced cytokine synthesis and competes with IL-1 for the IL-1RtII on human monocytes.
Plasmacytoma of the Testis

AbstractWe report a case of plasmacytoma of the testis without evidence of bone or immunoglobulin abnormalities. The presentation, evaluation and management of this extremely unusual tumor are reviewed.
Voigt regularization for the explicit time stepping of the Hall effect term

This article studies the stabilization of the explicit time stepping methods for Hall Maxwell and incompressible Hall MHD equations. Since the Hall effect term contains two spatial derivatives, classical time-stepping schemes result in very restrictive CFL condition. We consider weakening the restrictive time step condition via Voigt regularization. We establish the energy stability result and validate our approach numerically. Numerical experiments demonstrate that we are able to take larger time steps, compared to classical schemes, at additional, negligible computational cost.
Targeting recognition surfaces on natural proteins with peptidic foldamers

Molecules intended to antagonize protein–protein interactions or augment polypeptide-based signaling must bind tightly to large and specific surfaces on target proteins. Some types of unnatural oligomers with discrete folding propensities (‘foldamers’) have recently been shown to display this capability. This review covers important recent advances among several classes of foldamers, including α-peptides with secondary structures stabilized by covalent bonds, d -α-peptides, α/β-peptides and oligo-oxopiperazines. Recent advances in this area have involved enhancing membrane permeability to provide access to intracellular protein targets, improving pharmacokinetics and duration of action in vivo , and developing strategies appropriate for targeting large and irregularly-shaped protein surfaces.
Mrs E[lizabeth] C[leghorn] Gaskell, [‘Letters about Charlotte Brontë’] (1850–1855), in The Letters of Mrs Gaskell , edited by J. A. V. Chappie and Arthur Pollard (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), pp. 123–9, 139, 228–9, 242–50, 280–1, 335–6

If I don’t write now I shall never. A fortnight ago I was in despair, because I had so much to say to you I thought I shd never get through it, and now, as you may suppose, I shall find I have more to do. Only I’ll let you know I’m alive. And that on Thursday last I was as near as possible drinking tea with the Tennysons — and that I have been spending the week in the same house with Miss Bronte — now is not this enough material for one letter, let alone my home events — & fortnight-ago, richness of material. Oh how I wish you were here. I have so much to say I don’t know where to begin. Wm is in Birmingham preaching to-day. He stays over tomorrow. The two Greens are here; and Fanny Holland expected any day.
Transport and Fluctuations in Linear Arrays of Multistable Systems

In this paper we study systems which are spread out in one spatial dimension, and where different spatial portions can be in differing states of local stability. Adjacent portions will be separated by transition regions called domain walls, kinks, or solitons. Our considerations are limited to the case in which adjacent members of the one-dimensional array are tightly coupled, and a continuum model applies. We will first attempt to classify a number of cases fitting the preceding description.
A Framework and Guide for Understanding the Creation of Consumer Trust

This paper develops a framework and model for building trust by combining research on the creation of trust with the dimensions of trust: ability, benevolence and integrity. By combining these dimensions in a matrix with the types of trust production based on characteristics, process and institutions, the paper develops a robust 3 x 3 matrix with which to categorize and understand trust production. The framework is developed and analyzed in the light of literature on consumer trust. This framework can help researchers, practitioners and consumers understand trust creation and assist businesses in developing a comprehensive strategy for managing trust.
Summer Project on Exponential Convergence for IMC

I want to look at modifying the Morel and Bolding algorithm in two ways. One is to remove the need to represent the intensity in a deterministic form and for a deterministic representation of a transport operator. The second is to look at representing the moments of the source with a simpler form that doesn’t require as many terms. Morel and Bolding also didn’t include scattering in their stuff. IMC has a lot of scattering occurring because of the effective scatters. I think that scattering can be added to the method, but I think that will require more than a summer’s worth of work. So we’ll just ignore scattering, and just look at problems with a huge cv so that there is no effective scattering.
Optimal power control for energy harvesting transmitters in an interference channel

In this paper, optimal power control policies for an interference channel with two energy harvesting transmitters and two corresponding receivers are considered. Energy harvesting transmitters have strict power constraints due to the harvesting process as well as battery capacity constraints. The derived optimal power policies maximize the sum-throughput of a deadline constrained system under such energy and data arrival constraints by utilizing the limited available energy and managing the interference in the channel simultaneously. It is shown that an alternating maximization approach that individually optimizes the power policies for each transmitter in a cyclic manner converges to the optimal policy. The single-user subproblems with data constraints are solved using a generalized directional water-filling algorithm. A practical distributed algorithm requiring only local energy harvesting information is presented, and its near-optimal performance is demonstrated through simulations.
Multifractality, Scaling, and Diffusive Growth

The formation of branched, ramified, fractal structures in pattern formation limited by diffusion was first pointed out by Witten and Sander in 1981.1 In the intervening years, the study of such patterns has blossomed into a major area of non-linear physics. We have gradually learned, and are still learning, the correct concepts in which to couch quantitative discussion of the problem. One of the key such concepts is the multifractal structure of the growth probability distribution of a diffusion-limited pattern.2,3 In this contribution, I shall argue that this structure, as encoded in the f(α) function of the distribution, provides not merely a rich phenomenological description of the patterns, as has been widely realized. It also gives the foundation on which a more physical scaling picture of diffusion-limited growth may be built.
Running Lean Startup in the Classroom: From Idea to Experiment in 1 Week:

Entrepreneurship education is increasingly shifting from learning about entrepreneurship to developing entrepreneurial skills. One skill all entrepreneurship students need to develop is the ability to assess whether or not there is a market for their new product or service. Recent popular trade books like Eric Ries’s Lean Startup and Ash Maurya’s Running Lean provide insights into how to capture validated learning to determine what people really want. This experiential classroom exercise allows entrepreneurship students ranging from undergraduates to executive MBA candidates to go through an entire cycle of Ries’s build-measure-learn” framework that is central to the lean startup. This exercise consists of five modules—customer persona, value proposition canvas, experiment map, minimum viable product, and running the experiment—that can be completed over five lecture sessions. Students learn how to “run lean,” determine the market for a new product or service, and apply these skills later in new ventures ...
Role of cholinergic receptors in memory retrieval depends on gender and age of memory.

The phenomenon of utilizing information acquired in the past to make decision and performance in present depends on memory retrieval, which is affected in retrograde amnesia. Role of cholinergic receptors in memory retrieval is not much explored. In this study we evaluated the gender specific role of cholinergic receptors, i.e. muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, in memory retrieval in young Balb/c mice. Acute (only one injection, 30min before test) and sub-chronic (five days) muscarinic blockade (using scopolamine=1mg/kg) before test impaired retrieval of contextual fear memory in male (31.45±5.39% and 33.36±3.78% respectively) and female mice (22.88±5.73%; P 0.05). Only sub-chronic nicotinic receptor antagonism (using methyllycaconitine MLA=87.5μg/kg and dihydro β erythroidine DHβE=1mg/kg) in female showed significantly higher freezing response than control during contextual fear memory retrieval (60.85±7.71% and 40.91±7.53% respectively; P 0.05). There was no effect of acute and sub-chronic cholinergic receptor antagonism on discriminating novel object from the familiar one in male and female mice, however, nicotinic receptor blockade affected the working memory of all male and female mice on test day compared to the training sessions. Our results suggested that cholinergic receptors involvement in retrieving spatial and fear memories depends on the age of the memory and gender.
Work Reorganization, Industrial Relations and Vocational Training: The Milwaukee-Waukesha Training Partnership

Abstract The demanding competency requirements of flexible production systems pose severe problems for the traditional D.S. industrial relations system based on seniority based job control. Industrial unions are initiating the Milwaukee-Waukesha Training Partnership (MWTP) with leading manufacturers in the metropolitan area. The MWTP is jointly governed at the regional, sectoral and workplace levels. Its mission is to set sectoral competency benchmakrs and increase public and private investment in training. Upgrading the skills of the manufacturing workforce is the precondition for reorganizing work and maintaining high-wage employment in the area.
Design and analysis of high performance pulse ring VCO

This paper presents a low phase noise, low power, wide tuning range, small area pulse ring oscillator fabricated in inexpensive 130nm CMOS technology. The ring uses very non-linear Pulse gates instead of conventional inverters as buffers substantially reducing the impulse sensitivity function (ISF) and thus the phase noise. The timing signal is rising-edge and ground referenced, allowing the supply to be used as control voltage. 6dB phase noise improvement is projected in ISF based phase noise simulation over a same frequency ring oscillator. Fabricated ring oscillators show a phase noise of −97.46 dBC/Hz at 1MHz offset for 1.889GHz oscillator at 2.94mW power consumption and −95.13 dBC/Hz at 1MHz offset for 897MHz oscillator at 617uW power consumption. The oscillators have a tuning range of 513MHz to 2.64GHz. Figure of merit of the design shows a better performance than any other non phase locked voltage controlled ring oscillator.
Perioperative Patient Transparency and Accountability via Integrated Hospital Information Systems

The push for value-driven healthcare has resulted in numerous calls for increased transparency and accountability across the healthcare industry. This paper provides an a priori perspective to perioperative process transparency and accountability within a hospital environment by describing, examining, and discussing case-study research across a hospital’s perioperative and auxiliary services. Based on a 66-month longitudinal study of a large 909 registered-bed teaching hospital, this paper investigates how the complexity of technological change dynamics, integrated information systems, and a patient-centric perspective contribute toward opportunities for patient transparency and accountability within a hospital’s perioperative processes. This paper also provides theoretical and practical implications, as well as study limitations.
Laparoscopic Partial Gastrectomy

Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy, also called wedge gastrectomy, refers to resection of part of the stomach without the subsequent need for a gastrojejunostomy, in a laparoscopic fashion. It is an approach that has gained popularity for resection of lesions that are either benign (ulcers, polyps, cysts, leiomyomas, heterotopic pancreas) or malignant (gastrointestinal stromal tumors). The surgical approach to all submucosal stromal tumors is similar, and we will attempt to describe the laparoscopic approach to the resection of these lesions and the challenges associated with the size and anatomic location. The chapter will describe the surgical management of GIST, the most common submucosal lesion of the stomach.
Phyllanthus Species: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Secondary Metabolites

Phyllanthus is a large and complex genus in the Euphorbiaceae, currently thought to contain between 550 and 750 species in 11 subgenera (Webster 1970; Holm-Nielson 1979). While most commonly found in the tropics, species occur from tropical to mildly temperate zones on all continents except Europe and Antarctica. Some weedy species have become dispersed throughout most of the tropics, but many others are fairly restricted in known range (e.g., Webster 1956, 1957, 1958). Two fruit-bearing trees, P. acidus L. and P. emblica L., have been minor items of commerce for centuries. Some species have widely dispersed records of medicinal use, but generally the plants so used have not been cultivated (Unander and Blumberg 1991).
Abstract IA31: Not showing up empty-handed: A multicommunity collaboration for cancer prevention and control

While cancer mortality is on the decline in the U.S., Pacific Islanders continue to experience high rates of cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality due to the lack of appropriate, understandable, and accessible prevention, early detection, and treatment/survivorship information and services. California is home to the second-largest populations of Pacific Islanders, including Chamorros, Marshallese, Native Hawaiians, Samoans, and Tongans. In 2005 community and university researchers formed a multicommunity collaboration for cancer prevention and control called WINCART: Weaving an Islander Network for Cancer Awareness, Research and Training. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, this collaboration developed decision-making processes, protocols, and MOUs that prioritized community benefits in the design and implementation of studies spanning the cancer control continuum including tobacco cessation, nutrition and physical activity promotion, colorectal screening, breast screening, Pap testing, cancer survivorship, and biospecimen collection. Specifically, this presentation will cover the elements that contributed to WINCART9s successful CBPR collaborations, provide examples from selected studies, and share lessons learned for researchers interested in initiating or sustaining community-university partnerships in the future. Citation Format: Sora Park Tanjasiri, Paula Healani Palmer. Not showing up empty-handed: A multicommunity collaboration for cancer prevention and control [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA31.
Oxygen desaturations in the early neonatal period predict development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bradycardia and oxygen desaturation episodes are common among preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and their association with adverse outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is unclear. For 502 VLBW infants we quantified bradycardias (HR < 100 for ≥ 4 s) and desaturations (SpO2 < 80% for ≥ 10 s), combined bradycardia and desaturation (BD) events, and percent time in events in the first 4 weeks after birth (32 infant-years of data). We tested logistic regression models of clinical risks (including a respiratory acuity score incorporating FiO2 and level of respiratory support) to estimate the risks of BPD or death and secondary outcomes. We then tested the additive value of the bradycardia and desaturation metrics for outcomes prediction. BPD occurred in 187 infants (37%). The clinical risk model had ROC area for BPD of 0.874. Measures of desaturation, but not bradycardia, significantly added to the predictive model. Desaturation metrics also added to clinical risks for prediction of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and prolonged length of stay in the NICU. Oxygen desaturations in the first month of the NICU course are associated with risk of BPD and other morbidities in VLBW infants.
Epitaxial Growth and Luminescent Properties of Mn2+-Activated ZnGa2O4 Films

The epitaxial growth and properties of Mn2+-doped ZnGa2O4 thin films on various single crystal substrates using pulsed laser deposition were investigated. Control of Zn/Ga stoichiometry required the use of a mosaic ZnGa2O4/ZnO ablation target to compensate for Zn loss due to evaporation. The photoluminescent intensity was a strong function of the Zn/Ga ratio, and also correlated with changes in the surface morphology. Superior photoluminescent intensity was attained from slightly Zn-deficient films which exhibit distinctive worm-like surface features. Enhanced photoluminescent intensity was observed in epitaxial films as compared to randomly-oriented polycrystalline deposits on glass substrates, suggesting an adverse effect of grain boundaries on luminescence properties.
Studies on the selective tuning of feature detectors for speech

Abstract: The selective tuning of feature detectors sensitive to the acoustic information relevant to the assignment of distinctive phonetic feature values was investigated with a contingent adaptation paradigm. In each of five conditions the summed effect of adaptation with two stimuli, each with a different value of the phonetic feature under study, was assessed by measuring the locations of the phonetic boundaries along two different test series before and after adaptation. In the initial condition, a replication of Cooper (1974b), it was found that the analysis of voicing information is vowel-dependent. In two further conditions it was found that the vowel-dependent nature of feature analysis exists for the place of articulation feature as well. Finally, evidence was obtained that showed that the analysis of place information in initial consonantal position is not a function of the place value of the final consonant. These results indicate that there exist feature detector mechanisms that are tuned to respond to the information specifying phonetic feature values best in particular acoustic environments, but that the extent of this selective tuning is limited.
Congenital Heart Disease Patterns

Coronary artery origins can be altered in appearance in patients with congenital heart disease. Recognizing the type of congenital heart disease is key to understanding some predictable variations in the coronary artery origins.
MVA-Vectored Pentameric Complex (PC) and gB Vaccines Improve Pregnancy Outcome after Guinea Pig CMV Challenge, but Only gB Vaccine Reduces Vertical Transmission

(1) Background: A congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) vaccine is a major research priority, but the essential glycoprotein target(s) remain unclear. We compared CMV gB (gpgB), gH/gL (gp75/gL), and pentameric complex (gpPC, composed of gH/gL/GP129/GP131/GP133) vaccines in a guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) congenital infection model. (2) Methods: Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccines expressing GPCMV glycoproteins were used to immunize GPCMV-seronegative, female Hartley guinea pigs (three-dose series, 3 × 107 pfu/dose). After pregnancy was established, the dams underwent an early third-trimester challenge with salivary gland (SG)-adapted GPCMV. (3) Results: All vaccines elicited GPCMV-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies. Preconception immunization resulted in 19.5-, 4.9-, and 698-fold reductions in maternal DNAemia in MVA-gp75/gL, MVA-gpPC and MVA-gpgB groups, respectively, at day 14, post-SG challenge. Vaccination improved pups' birth weight and reduced mortality and congenital CMV transmission. In controls, cCMV infection was observed in 100% of pups (mean viral load in all visceral organs, 2.4 × 104 genomes/mg), versus 50% in the gB group (visceral viral load, 9.4 × 102 genomes/mg; p < 0.05). No significant reductions in congenital transmission were noted in the MVA-gp75/gL and MVA-gpPC groups. (4) Conclusions: MVA-vectored gB, gH/gL, and PC vaccines were immunogenic, and protected against maternal DNAemia and pup mortality. These results support the inclusion of multiple glycoprotein complexes in a cCMV vaccine.
Vacuum-assisted electrokinetic supercharging in flow-gated capillary electrophoresis for rapid analysis of high-salt cerebrospinal fluid samples

On-line sample preconcentration is often required to achieve sensitive detection of specific analytes in capillary electrophoresis. However, available on-line techniques for concentrating high-salt samples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are mainly limited to sweeping and dynamic pH-junctions, etc. Electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) for sample preconcentration combines the techniques of field-amplified sample injection and transient isotachophoresis that may generate tremendous signal enhancement while maintaining high separation efficiency. This paper reports a novel EKS method for the on-line preconcentration of high-salt CSF samples in flow-gated capillary electrophoresis. The basic procedures include three major steps. First, a sample plug was hydrodynamically injected under vacuum; second, a voltage with the reversed polarity was applied to perform EKS with the assistance of a vacuum during the sample plug push-out; and finally a normal-polarity voltage was applied for separation. Specifically, amino acids were fluorogenically derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) in the presence of cyanide. The optimal final sample medium included 20% CSF (or aCSF in volume), 50% acetonitrile, 12.0 mM borate, 5.0 mM KCN, 5.0 mM NDA, and 2.0 mM EDTA; and the separation buffer was composed of 40.0 tetraborate pH 9.2, 50.0 mM SDS, and 3.5 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The enhancement factors for a series of amines were in the range of 30–100 fold, and the detection limits were estimated to be below 0.10 nM. The developed method was coupled with alternate injections for the one-point standard addition method to determine γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CSF from rat brain striatum. The results demonstrated detection sensitivity and accuracy for the rapid analysis of high-salt CSF samples.
Explicit Low-complexity Codes for Multiple Access Channel Resolvability

We design an explicit low-complexity coding scheme that achieves the multiple access channel resolvability region for an arbitrary discrete memoryless multiple access channel whose input alphabets have prime cardinalities. Unlike previous works, we do not assume channel symmetry and rely on rate-splitting to avoid time sharing when it is known to be unnecessary. The idea of our construction is to reduce the problem of multiple access channel resolvability to a combination of several source resolvability problems. Our coding scheme relies on polar codes for source coding to implement source resolvability, and a block Markov coding scheme that performs randomness recycling in the different encoding blocks.
Imaging of fluorescence anisotropy during photoswitching provides a simple readout for protein self-association.

Monitoring of protein oligomerization has benefited greatly from Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements. Although donors and acceptors are typically fluorescent molecules with different spectra, homo-FRET can occur between fluorescent molecules of the same type if the emission spectrum overlaps with the absorption spectrum. Here, we describe homo-FRET measurements by monitoring anisotropy changes in photoswitchable fluorescent proteins while photoswitching to the off state. These offer the capability to estimate anisotropy in the same specimen during homo-FRET as well as non-FRET conditions. We demonstrate photoswitching anisotropy FRET (psAFRET) with a number of test chimeras and example oligomeric complexes inside living cells. We also present an equation derived from FRET and anisotropy equations which converts anisotropy changes into a factor we call delta r FRET (drFRET). This is analogous to an energy transfer efficiency and allows experiments performed on a given homo-FRET pair to be more easily compared across different optical configurations.
Setting the table: ceramics, dining, and cultural exchange in Andalucía and La Florida: Setting the table: ceramics, dining, and cultural exchange in Andalucía and La Florida, by Kathryn L. Ness, Gainesville, University of Florida Press, 2016, 147 pp., ill., maps, tables, bibliography, index, $79.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-1-68340-004-2

Kathryn Ness’ Setting the Table: Ceramics, Dining, and Cultural Exchange in Andalucia and La Florida is an analysis, comparison, and interpretation of ceramic artifacts from three eighteenth-centur...
Adult Firearm-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in United States Trauma Centers.

Civilian firearm injury is an important public health concern in the United States. Gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) remain in need of update and systematic characterization. We identify predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (HLOS), intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), medical complications, mortality, and discharge disposition from a population-based sample using the National Sample Program (NSP) of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), years 2003-2012. Statistical significance was assessed at α < 0.001 to correct for multiple comparisons. In total, 8148 adult GSWH patients were included extrapolating to 32,439 national incidents. Age was 36.6 ± 16.4 years and 64.4% were severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 3-8). Assault (49.2%), handgun (50.3%), and residential injury (43.2%) were of highest incidence. HLOS and ICU LOS were 7.7 ± 14.2 and 5.7 ± 13.4 days, respectively. Overall mortality was 54.6%; suicide/self-injury was associated with the highest mortality rate (71.6%). GCS, Injury Severity Score, and hypotension were significant predictors for outcomes overall. Medicare/Medicaid patients had longer HLOS compared to private/commercial insured (mean increase, 4.4 days; 95% confidence interval [2.6-6.3]). Compared to the Midwest, the South had longer HLOS (mean increase, 3.7 days; [2.0-5.4]) and higher odds of complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [1.4-2.0]); the West had lower odds of complications (OR, 0.6; [0.5-0.7]). Versus handgun, shotgun (OR, 0.3; [0.2-0.4]) and hunting rifle (OR, 0.5; [0.4-0.8]) resulted in lower mortality. Patients with government/other insurance had higher odds of discharging home compared to private/commercially insured (OR, 1.7; [1.3-2.3]). In comparison to level I trauma centers, level II trauma centers had lower odds of discharge to home (OR, 0.7; [0.5-0.8]). Our results support hypotension, injury severity, injury intent, firearm type, and U.S. geographical location as important prognostic variables in firearm-related TBI. Improved understanding of civilian GSWH is critical to promoting increased awareness of firearm injuries as a public health concern and reducing its debilitating injury burden to patients, families, and healthcare systems.
Psychological Distress amid Change: Role Disruption in Girls during the Adolescent Transition.

The present study investigates the underlying cognitive, social, and behavioral tendencies that may explain why some girls are more likely to perceive the adolescent transition as disrupting and difficult, otherwise characterized as role disruption. It was hypothesized that individual differences in rumination, rejection sensitivity, peer problems, and pubertal status would contribute to why some girls perceived more role disruption during the transition from childhood to adolescence, and that girls who reported more role disruption would be at increased risk for subsequent depression. N = 188 girls (Mage = 11.70 years) reported on their level of pubertal development, rumination, rejection sensitivity, peer problems, and depressive symptoms at three time points approximately 4 months apart. Structural equation modeling results suggested that baseline levels of rumination and angry rejection sensitivity explained perceptions of role disruption at Time 2 more than overall levels of pubertal development, and that greater role disruption predicted subsequent depressive symptoms at Time 3. These findings highlight the importance of individual tendencies in understanding who will find early adolescence challenging.
Coastal sedimentation across North America doubled in the 20th century despite river dams.

The proliferation of dams since 1950 promoted sediment deposition in reservoirs, which is thought to be starving the coast of sediment and decreasing the resilience of communities to storms and sea-level rise. Diminished river loads measured upstream from the coast, however, should not be assumed to propagate seaward. Here, we show that century-long records of sediment mass accumulation rates (g cm−2 yr−1) and sediment accumulation rates (cm yr−1) more than doubled after 1950 in coastal depocenters around North America. Sediment sources downstream of dams compensate for the river-sediment lost to impoundments. Sediment is accumulating in coastal depocenters at a rate that matches or exceeds relative sea-level rise, apart from rapidly subsiding Texas and Louisiana where water depths are increasing and intertidal areas are disappearing. Assuming no feedbacks, accelerating global sea-level rise will eventually surpass current sediment accumulation rates, underscoring the need for including coastal-sediment management in habitat-restoration projects. The proliferation of dams since 1950 has promoted sediment deposition in reservoirs, which is thought to be starving the coast of sediment and decreasing resistance to storms and sea-level rise. Here, the authors show that century-long records of sediment mass accumulation rates and sediment accumulation rates more than doubled after 1950 in coastal depocenters around North America.
Program planning in education and light exercise training for atrial fibrillation patients: A feasibility study

Background: Contemporary management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) indicates the need for educational and self-care programs to address lifestyle factors. Aims: This study examined the clinical need and interest in programming for risk factor modification in AF patients residing in a mostly rural area. Methods: Participants with AF (n = 86) were recruited during university-based cardiac electrophysiology appointments and asked to complete a 10-min survey battery assessing a range of risk factors spanning physical activity, knowledge, ability, interest, and engagement, as well as psychologic function. Results: AF risk factor reports indicated broad potential need for AF programming with an average CHADS-VASC of 3.8, with approximately 67% reporting low physical activity, and 38% significant anxiety. Related to self-care topics, education on physical activity was the highest-rated program, but weight-loss programming was rated as the most likely to attend. Distance to the clinic was the most often cited barrier, 50% of sample. Conclusions: AF patients demonstrated a need and view educational programming in the realm of physical activity and weight-loss as desirable. Increased research is needed to determine format and duration of treatment deemed efficacious and able to overcome specific barriers such as distance to care.
Diversifying, transforming, and last resorts: The utilization of community based youth serving organizations in the construction of livelihood strategies by disconnected youth in rural America

Abstract Since the Great Recession older youth in US rural economies experience longer periods of disconnection from school and work, resulting in increased economic insecurity. We analyze data from interviews with young adults ages 18–24 and ethnographic fieldwork to explore how and why young adults who are disconnected from school and work utilize institutions available to them in their local community settings to ensure livelihoods. Using a livelihood analysis approach, findings suggest Community Based Youth Serving Organizations (CBYSOs) are used by disconnected youth in three ways: 1) as a diversification strategy 2) as a transformative strategy; and 3) as a last resort.
Changes in Advance Care Planning for Nursing Home Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Objective Describe the care preference changes among nursing home residents receiving proactive Advance Care Planning (ACP) conversations from health care practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting and Participants Nursing home residents (n = 963) or their surrogate decision makers had at least 1 ACP conversation with a primary health care practitioner between April 1, 2020, and May 30, 2020, and made decisions of any changes in code status and hospitalization preferences. Methods Health care practitioners conducted ACP conversations proactively with residents or their surrogate decision makers at 15 nursing homes in a metropolitan area of the southwestern United States between April 1, 2020, and May 30, 2020. ACP conversations reviewed code status and goals of care including Do Not Hospitalize (DNH) care preference. Resident age, gender, code status, and DNH choice before and after the ACP conversations were documented. Descriptive data analyses identified significant changes in resident care preferences before and after ACP conversations. Results Before the most recent ACP discussion, 361 residents were full code status and the rest were Out of Hospital Do Not Resuscitate (DNR). Of the individuals with Out of Hospital DNR, 188 residents also chose DNH. After the ACP conversation, 88 residents opted to change from full code status to Out of Hospital DNR, thereby increasing the percentage of residents with Out of Hospital DNR from 63% to 72%. Almost half of the residents decided to keep or change to the DNH care option after the ACP conversation. Conclusion and Implications Proactive ACP conversations during COVID-19 increased DNH from less than a quarter to almost half among the nursing home residents. Out of Hospital DNR increased by 9%. It is important for all health care practitioners to proactively review ACP with nursing home residents and their surrogate decision makers during a pandemic, thereby ensuring care consistent with personal goals of care and avoiding unnecessary hospitalizations.
Correspondence Bias in Performance Evaluation: Why Grade Inflation Works

When explaining others' behaviors, achievements, and failures, it is common for people to attribute too much influence to the individual's disposition and too little influence to the structural and situational influences impinging on the actor. Although performance is a joint function of ability and situational facilitation or impediments, dispositional inference ascribes too much to individual ability. We hypothesize that this tendency leads university admissions decisions to favor students coming from institutions with lenient grading because they will have their high performance mistaken for evidence of high ability. In four studies using both laboratory experiments and actual admissions decisions, we show that those who display high performance simply due to lenient grading or to an easy task are favored in selection. These results have implications for research on attribution, because they provide a more stringent test of the correspondence bias, and allow for a more precise measure of its size. Implications for admissions and personnel selection decisions are also discussed.
Injury patterns and demographics due to legal intervention seen in US emergency departments

Abstract Background Injury and deaths inflicted by law enforcement are a topic of significant discussion in the US. The purpose of this study was to analyze injuries due to law enforcement activity that presented to emergency departments (ED) across the entire US and correlate the injury patterns with patient demographics. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) All Injury Program (AIP) data was used for the years 2005 through 2015. Injuries due to legal/law enforcement activity were identified. Statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 11.0.01™. A p Results There were 939,405 ED visits for non-fatal injuries due to law enforcement. The average age was 31.9 years; 84.6% were male. The mechanism of injury was being struck in 69.7%; firearm gunshot wounds accounted for only 1.2%. The most common location of injury was the head and neck (44.0%) followed by the upper extremity (20.2%). The vast majority of the patients (94.9%) were treated and released from the ED. The seven major diagnoses were contusion/abrasion (37.8%), strain/sprain (22.7%), laceration (12.9%), fracture (7.6%), puncture (8.2%), and foreign body (2.5%). The injuries with the highest percentage of hospital admissions were foreign bodies and fractures (11.4% and 11.3% respectively. Although the number of events occurring at schools or sporting venues was 2.0%, those seen at children's hospitals demonstrated a higher percentage at 15.6%. Conclusions This data set provides another viewpoint of injuries inflicted by police. It can be used as baseline data for further studies, especially in the US recent sociopolitical environment calling for police reform and improvements in the education and training of police officers.
Unfinished Legacy: Kobe Bryant and His Support of Women’s Basketball

Kobe Bryant’s legacy was left unfinished when a January 26, 2020, helicopter crash claimed his life, his daughter Gianna “Gigi” Bryant, six of their friends, and the pilot (Fenno, 2020). While Kobe Bryant was known worldwide as one of the all-time greatest men’s basketball players and a five-time NBA Champion, he was also on his way to becoming the greatest male ambassador to women’s basketball the world has ever known—which prompted the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) to introduce the Kobe and Gigi Bryant WNBA Advocacy Award (“WNBA Introduces,” 2020). This article examines Kobe Bryant’s connections with women’s basketball players and women’s basketball coaches and administrators, plus his parenting of Gianna Bryant. These considerations lead to a contemplation of Kobe Bryant’s unfinished women’s basketball legacy.
Cities and communities beyond COVID-19

Cities and Communities Beyond COVID-19 is published by Bristol University Press in the Covid-19 Collection. It is written by Robin Hambleton, Emeritus Professor of City Leadership in the Faculty of...