cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Second-Order Stochastic Dominance Constraints for Risk Management of a Wind Power Producer's Optimal Bidding Strategy

Risk management is critical for wind producers to participate in electricity markets. Beside market price volatility and uncertainty, wind producers are facing an additional uncertainty in the level of wind power generation. Instead of using common risk measures, such as conditional value at risk (CVaR), this paper proposes the use of the second-order stochastic dominance constraints (SOSDCs) for risk management of wind producer's bidding strategies. As benchmark selection is the major obstacle against applying SOSDCs, a novel optimization-based benchmark selection method is proposed. Case studies are carried out for an 80 MW wind producer using the SOSDCs-based bidding model with the proposed benchmark selection method and the CVaR-based bidding model. Results demonstrate the superior flexibility of the SOSDCs in risk management. Moreover, the SOSDCs can effectively manage the negative tail of the profit distribution. Compared to the SOSDCs, the CVaR is more suitable for modeling risk rather than managing risk, as it does not use a profit target value but uses the $({1 - \boldsymbol {\alpha }})$ -quantile of the profit distribution. As the negative tail is the best representative of risk in the problem under study, the SOSDCs with the proposed benchmark selection method are more suitable than the CVaR for risk management of a wind power producer's bidding strategy.
When Stronger Knowledge Slows You Down: Semantic Relatedness Predicts Children's Co‐Activation of Related Items in a Visual Search Paradigm

A large literature suggests that the organization of words in semantic memory, reflecting meaningful relations among words and the concepts to which they refer, supports many cognitive processes, including memory encoding and retrieval, word learning, and inferential reasoning. The co-activation of related items has been proposed as a mechanism by which semantic knowledge influences cognition, and contemporary accounts of semantic knowledge propose that this co-activation is graded-that it depends on how strongly related the items are in semantic memory. Prior research with adults yielded evidence supporting this prediction; however, there is currently no evidence of graded co-activation early in development. This study provides the first evidence that in children the co-activation of related items depends on their relational strength in semantic memory. Participants (N = 84, age range: 3-9 years) were asked to identify a target (e.g., bone) amid distractors. Children's responses were slowed down by the presence of a related distractor (e.g., puppy) relative to unrelated distractors (e.g., flower)-suggesting that children co-activated related items upon hearing the name of the target. Importantly, the degree of this co-activation was predicted by the strength of the target-distractor relation, such that distractors more strongly related to the targets slowed down children to a larger extent. These findings have important implications for understanding how organized semantic knowledge affects other cognitive processes across development.
Polypharmacy Increases Risk of Dyspnea Among Adults With Serious, Life-Limiting Diseases.

Background:Polypharmacy is associated with dyspnea in cross-sectional studies, but associations have not been determined in longitudinal analyses. Statins are commonly prescribed but their contribu...
Electrochemical Aptamer Scaffold Biosensors for Detection of Botulism and Ricin Proteins

Electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) biosensors enable the detection and quantification of a variety of molecular targets, including oligonucleotides, small molecules, heavy metals, antibodies, and proteins. Here we describe the design, electrode preparation and sensor attachment, and voltammetry conditions needed to generate and perform measurements using E-DNA biosensors against two protein targets, the biological toxins ricin and botulinum neurotoxin. This method can be applied to generate E-DNA biosensors for the detection of many other protein targets, with potential advantages over other systems including sensitive detection limits typically in the nanomolar range, real-time monitoring, and reusable biosensors.
Genetic Basis of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) are common conditions which have a genetic component that is best defined as complex, likely due to small contributions from multiple genes and environmental factors. The challenge of studying the etiology of these conditions lies in the multiple ways they can be expressed. Clinical presentations vary while treatment is approached with the aim to alleviate symptoms.
Right Ventricular Failure

Interest in the right ventricle has increased because of advances in pulmonary hypertension treatment, improved diagnostic technology, and increased implantation of left ventricular assist devices and other mechanical circulatory assist devices. Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this article is to describe the normal structure and function of the right ventricle, causes of right ventricular dysfunction leading to right ventricular failure, diagnostic hemodynamic assessments, and management of right ventricular failure in the critical care unit.
Chapter 8 – Water Channels

Alterations in distinct astrocyte membrane channels, receptors, and transporters have all been associated with the epileptic state. This chapter focuses on the potential roles of the glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in modulation of brain excitability and in epilepsy. We will review studies of mice lacking AQP4 (AQP4−/− mice) or α-syntrophin (an AQP4 anchoring protein) and discuss the available human studies demonstrating alterations of AQP4 in human epilepsy tissue specimens. We will conclude with new studies of AQP4 regulation and discuss the potential role(s) of AQP4 in the development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis). While many questions remain unanswered, the available data indicate that AQP4 and its molecular partners may represent important new therapeutic targets.
A Pilot Study to Understand the Adolescent Pain Experience During Contraceptive Implant Insertion.

ABSTRACT Purpose In adolescents, concrete thinking may present as avoidance of an immediate, painful or uncomfortable experience despite long-term benefits, which may affect contraceptive choice. In this pilot study, we sought to better understand the pain that adolescents and young adults experience during contraceptive implant insertion. Materials and Methods In this cohort study, we surveyed 30 adolescents and young adults at their implant insertion visit about pre-procedure anxiety and pain experienced during lidocaine injection and Nexplanon™ placement. Results The average pre-procedure anxiety (Visual Analog Scale−Anxiety) score was 40 ± 29 mm. The average pain reported during lidocaine injection was 19 ± 21 mm and 6 ± 11 mm for implant insertion. Pre-procedure anxiety was not associated with pain during lidocaine injection (P = .61) or implant placement (P = .85). Conclusion Pain scores were low with both lidocaine injection and implant placement. Pre-procedure anxiety did not predict pain during lidocaine or implant placement. Patients considering an implant should be reassured by these data.
Influenza Vaccination and Hospitalizations Among COVID-19 Infected Adults.

Introduction: To date, there are no effective treatments for decreasing hospitalizations in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. It has been suggested that the influenza vaccine might attenuate the severity of COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective single-centered cohort review of a de-identified database of 2005 patients over the age of 18 within the University of Florida health care system who tested positive for COVID-19. Comorbidities and influenza vaccination status were examined. The primary outcome was severity of disease as reflected by hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between influenza status and hospitalization. Results: COVID-19-positive patients who had not received the influenza vaccination within the last year had a 2.44 (95% CI, 1.68, 3.61) greater odds of hospitalization and a 3.29 (95% CI, 1.18, 13.77) greater odds of ICU admission when compared with those who were vaccinated. These results were controlled to account for age, race, gender, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Discussion: Our analysis suggests that the influenza vaccination is potentially protective of moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 infection. This protective effect holds regardless of comorbidity. The literature points to a potential mechanism via natural killer cell activation. Though our data potentially is limited by its generalizability and our vaccination rate is low, it holds significant relevance given the upcoming influenza season. Not only could simply encouraging influenza vaccination decrease morbidity and mortality from the flu, but it might help flatten the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic as well. We encourage further studies into this finding.
Janus without Cores: A Venture into Social Epistemology

Frank Knight famously remarked nearly a century ago that the primary problems that stem from societal living together do not arise because of what we don’t know but rather arise because of what we know that isn’t true. This paper pursues Knight’s theme by incorporating three elements into it. One concerns the absence of cores under some institutional arrangements. A second concerns Vilfredo Pareto’s distinction between logical and non-logical action. A third concerns the quality of knowledge as vectors of qualities often more than scalars. The three concerns this paper address are combined to provide alternative insight into Hayek’s stress on the division of knowledge in society and Knight’s emphasis on the degree of intelligence within democratic action.
Now you see me, now you don't: Adapting practice through target exclusion negatively impacts motor learning.

Abstract How to optimize practice through scheduling of different task components or skills is a question that has received a lot of attention in motor learning research. Consistently, schedules with high variability in the order that skills are practiced elicit better learning outcomes than schedules with low variability. Another idea is that learners should seek to reduce the uncertainty of practice outcomes, by avoiding well-learned, low error components in acquisition. To test this idea, we used a target exclusion method to prevent learners from returning to task components with low error and studied how individuals given choice over practice choose to allocate time to components of varying difficulty. In a multi-target adaptation paradigm, we compared exclusion with no exclusion methods in random-schedule, self-control and yoked, matched-schedule groups (6 groups total). To manipulate uncertainty, we excluded targets from practice once participants attained a criterion error score (mean
A new TDOA location technique based on Taylor series expansion in cellular networks

Wireless applications based on subscriber location information have been receiving more attention these years, which makes radio location techniques one of the most popular research areas of cellular networks. Taylor series expansion (TSE) method has been widely used in solving nonlinear equations for its high accuracy and good robustness. Since the performance of TSE depends highly on the initial estimation, a new algorithm based on least squares is proposed to estimate the initial value and the subscriber location can be further estimated by TSE. The proposed algorithm, as well as several other algorithms, is simulated and analyzed.
The Myth of Market Fundamentalism and Failed Polices: Review of Joseph Stiglitz's Book, 'Freefall: America, Free Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy'

A professor at Columbia University and a Nobel-Prize winning economist, Joseph Stiglitz sent his book to press nearly two years after the inception of the Great Recession of 2008. In his book, he unfolds the causes of the recession, assesses the Bush and Obama administrations’ responses to the economic crisis and lays out suggestions for preempting another future meltdown. He goes beyond passing blame to individuals and emphasizes, “‘pealing back the onion’ figuring out what lies behind each of the mistakes” made both prior and after the crisis. He lucidly explains how overleveraged banks, mortgage frauds, reckless lending and deregulation led to the crisis. Despite the wide spectrum of the issues Stiglitz covers in the book, it is readily understandable to any layperson with interest in the subject matter. Some may complain about his demeaning tone of “I told you so,” but he is right that this crisis was foreseen by several economists including himself. Despite their warnings, Stiglitz points out many including Bush turned a blind eye to a mounting evidence of the crisis. He argues that the crisis could have been prevented with right measures, to name a few, good regulations and right incentive structure in place. In his book, Stiglitz calls for changes in the regulatory system, noting that “the problems are systematic”. Coming from the Keynesian background, he emphasizes that “markets on their own evidently fail - and fail very frequently” as evinced in the current crisis.
Algorithms for Replica Placement in High-Availability Storage.

A new model of causal failure is presented and used to solve a novel replica placement problem in data centers. The model describes dependencies among system components as a directed graph. A replica placement is defined as a subset of vertices in such a graph. A criterion for optimizing replica placements is formalized and explained. In this work, the optimization goal is to avoid choosing placements in which a single failure event is likely to wipe out multiple replicas. Using this criterion, a fast algorithm is given for the scenario in which the dependency model is a tree. The main contribution of the paper is an $O(n + \rho \log \rho)$ dynamic programming algorithm for placing $\rho$ replicas on a tree with $n$ vertices. This algorithm exhibits the interesting property that only two subproblems need to be recursively considered at each stage. An $O(n^2 \rho)$ greedy algorithm is also briefly reported.
A 200 Mb/s PRML read/write channel IC

The hard disk drive industry is looking at synchronous design techniques (PRML) with a view to increasing storage density. Currently the high performance commercial read/write channels use (0, 4/4) codes to achieve up to 120 Mb/s data transfer rates. This paper describes a fully integrated read/write channel IC that operates at over 200 Mb/s. The single-chip solution in 0.51 /spl mu/m BiCMOS, has 20 mm/sup 2/ die and uses 0.85 W at 200 Mb/s.
A study of radioactivity and health status of former thorium workers: preliminary report.

Studies have been started of the late effects of thorium on the health of a population of 4316 persons (80% males) who worked at a thorium refinery during the period from the mid-1930s to 1973. The population and the study are described briefly, as are the methods and results to date of measurements of radioactivity in vivo and in the exhaled breath. Of 46 men examined so far, all but three had readily measurable amounts of thoron in the breath, but there was little correlation between the amount of activity in the breath and the /sup 212/Bi content of the chest.
Can black carbon in snow be detected by remote sensing

[1] In remote areas of the Northern Hemisphere, typical mixing ratios of black carbon (BC) in snow are 3–30 ng/g. In cold fine-grained snow these BC amounts can reduce the broadband albedo by 0–1% and the visible-wavelength albedo by 0–2%, representing significant climatic forcings. In melting snow the reductions are larger, 0–3% and 1–6%, respectively. Surface albedos inferred from satellite measurements have typical errors of a few percent, so a signal of reduced albedo will be difficult to detect. The inference of albedo from a nadir radiance measurement can be biased low because of undetected thin clouds or blowing snow altering the angular reflectance pattern. But even if the albedo could be measured perfectly from satellite, its attribution would be ambiguous because of the vertical variation of snow grain size, absorbing aerosol in the atmosphere above the snow, and especially because of subpixel heterogeneity of the thin and patchy snow cover of the Arctic and many other treeless regions. The spectral signature of thin snow resembles that of BC in snow. For these reasons, attempts to use satellite remote sensing to estimate the BC content of snow, or the reduction of albedo by BC, are unlikely to be successful, except in highly polluted industrial regions.
Early Alzheimer's disease genetics.

The genetics community working on Alzheimer's disease and related de- mentias has made remarkable progress in the past 20 years. The cumulative efforts by multiple groups have lead to the identification of three autosomal dominant genes for early onset AD. These are the amyloid-β protein precursor gene (APP), and the genes encoding presenilin1 and 2. The knowledge derived from this work has firmly estab- lished Aβ as a critical disease molecule and lead to candidate drugs currently in treat- ment trials. Work on a related disease, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism - chromosome 17 type has also added to our understanding of pathogenesis by revealing that tau, the protein component of neurofibrillary tangles, is also a critical molecule in neurodegeneration. Lessons learned that still influence work on human genetics include the need to recognize and deal with genetic heterogeneity, a feature common to many genetic disorders. Genetic heterogeneity, if recognized, can be source of information. Another critical lesson is that clinical, molecular, and statistical scientists need to work closely on disease projects to succeed in solving the complex problems of common genetic disorders.
Radiation-induced optic neuropathy: characteristic appearances on gadolinium-enhanced MR.

PURPOSE To assess the value of contrast-enhanced MR in the evaluation of radiation-induced optic neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three patients with rapid visual loss 1 1/2 to 3 years after radiation therapy to the optic nerves were studied with gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR images. All patients received over 5000 cGy, experienced rapid, permanent visual loss over several days to weeks, and underwent MR within weeks of presentation. RESULTS Enhanced MR images on each patient revealed focal discrete enhancement of the intracranial optic nerve. One patient underwent biopsy of the enhancing segment; this revealed pathologic changes of radiation optic neuropathy. Optic nerve enhancement in a patient with visual loss and a prior history of radiation therapy to the orbits or optic nerves suggests radiation optic neuropathy. CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced MR of the orbits, optic nerves, and chiasm is the imaging test of choice in patients with vision loss after radiation therapy for sellar or skull base disease; MR findings may obviate the need for biopsy.
High activity of an indium alkoxide complex toward ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters

An indium complex supported by a ferrocene-derived Schiff base ligand has an unprecedented high activity toward e-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, and β-butyrolactone. l-Lactide, d,l-lactide, and trimethylene carbonate polymerizations also showed moderate to high activity.
Adaptive substructuring techniques in elasto-plastic finite element analysis

Abstract The application of substructuring techniques to the analysis of localized material nonlinear problems has been known for years. To substructure before starting nonlinear analysis, the analyst must know the locations and sizes of the possible plastic regions in advance. Should plastification occur in the linear substructures the analysis must stop; otherwise, inaccurate results are obtained. These difficulties can be eliminated by adaptive substructing techniques. In adaptive substructure analysis, the nonlinear substructure grows when the plastic zone expands or new plastification occurs in different places. This paper describes both interactive- and self-adaptive substructuring.
Reduced Plasma-Induced Damage to Near-Surface Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Understanding plasma etch damage on near-surface nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is essential for preserving NV emission in photonic structures and magnetometry systems. We have developed a methodology to compare the optical properties of ensemble NV centers initially 70 nm from the surface brought closer to the surface through etching with O2 plasmas in three different reactors. We employ a conventional reactive ion etcher, a barrel etcher, and a downstream etcher. We find that, irrespective of the etcher used, NV luminescence dims steadily as NVs are brought closer to the surface due to optical and surface effects. When NVs are less than 40 nm from the surface, differences in damage from the three different plasma processes affect the NV emission intensity in different ways. Diamond that is etched using the conventional etching method shows a greatly reduced NV luminescence, whereas NVs 15 nm from the surface still survive when the diamond is etched in the downstream reactor. As a result, downs...
Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during cocaine self-administration as studied by in vivo microdialysis

The extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration in the nucleus accumbens was measured following intravenous cocaine administration. The DA concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner following a single intravenous infusion of cocaine. The concentration of DA was observed to increase and stabilize in a schedule-dependent manner when cocaine was repeatedly administered 15-, 5- and 2.5-minute intervals. When cocaine was administered in regular intervals to animals by an experimenter or when animals self-administered cocaine. DA concentrations stabilized substantially above the basal level. These data support research that suggests that reinforcing properties of cocaine are primarily mediated by DA release in the nucleus accumbens. The data and pharmacokinetic calculations indicate that the DA concentration increases for a short period following each infusion. It then falls to a level until the animal again self-administers the drug. Animals may regulate self-administration responding for cocaine in order to maintain DA levels above a certain level, yet titrate responding so that aversive effects are not produced.
Direct solution method for A_{1} E + EA_{2} = -D

A direct method-a method without truncation or convergence errors-for the solution of A_{1} E + EA_{2} = - D , where A_{1} \in R^{n_{1} \times n_{1}} and A_{2} \in R^{n_{2} \times n_{2}} , is described. The only assumption on the matrices A 1 and A 2 is that the spectra of A 1 and -A_{2} be disjoint. The method requires storage for order 2n_{1}^{2}+3n_{1}n_{2}+2n_{2}^{2} variables and requires order n{1}(n_{1}^{2}+ n_{1}n_{2} + n_{2}^{2})n_{2} multiplications and divisions.
Magneto-optic rotation sensor using a laser diode as both source and detector

We show that a laser diode can serve as both the emitter and detector in a diffraction-based magneto-optic rotation sensor. Self-detection devices have sufficient linearity and stability for applications with descrete measurands. Signal-to-noise ratios greater than 50 dB (1 Hz bandwidth) are possible for binary measurands, and a fiber optic rotation sensor with a signal-to-noise ratio of 18 dB in a 1.25 kHZ bandwidth is demonstrated.
Prostaglandin F2α regulation of mRNA for activating protein 1 transcriptional factors in porcine corpora lutea (CL): lack of induction of JUN and JUND in CL without luteolytic capacity

Porcine corpora lutea (CL) develop sensitivity to regression by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), termed luteolytic capacity, about 13 d after estrus. We postulated that PGF2α regulation of activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcriptional factor expression underlies acquisition of luteolytic capacity. CL were collected from gilts on day 9 (estrous cycle) or day 17 (pseudopregnancy) before or after PGF2α treatment with mRNA measured for FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, JUN, JUNB, and JUND and the AP-1 target genes CCL2 and SERPINE1. At 0.5 h after PGF2α, both day-9 and day-17 CL had increased (P < 0.01) mRNA for FOS (2,225% and 1,817%), JUNB (237% and 358%), and FOSB (1,060% and 925%). Intriguingly, at 0.5 h after PGF2α there was increased (P < 0.01) mRNA encoding JUN (1,099%) and JUND (300%) in day-17 but not day-9 CL. At 10 h after PGF2α there was elevated FOSB mRNA in day-17 (771%) but not day-9 CL and no PGF2α-induced change in FOS, JUN, JUND, and JUNB mRNA in day-9 or day-17 CL. Treatment with PGF2α increased mRNA for AP-1-responsive genes, CCL2 at 0.5 h (202%) and CCL2 and SERPINE1 at 10 h (719% and 1,515%), only in day-17 CL. Thus, many of the fos family of transcription factors are dramatically induced by PGF2α in CL with or without luteolytic capacity. However, PGF only induced JUN and JUND expression in CL with luteolytic capacity, a finding that may be key for understanding the acquisition of luteolytic capacity, given that JUN is the only AP-1 family member with strong N-terminal trans-activation activity.
A CLASSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWFORMS WITH EQUIVALENT EIGENFORMS IN ${S_{k + 1/2}}(4N, \chi)$

The paper continues the investigation of the Hecke structure of spaces of half-integral weight cusp forms ${S_{k + 1/2}}(4N, \chi)$ , where $k$ and $N$ are positive integers with $N$ odd, and $\chi$ is an even quadratic Dirichlet character modulo $4N$ . In the Hecke decomposition of these spaces, contributions are determined arising from newforms which are quadratic twists of newforms at lower levels. Combining this result with its counterpart in a previous paper regarding non-twists gives this paper's main result: necessary and sufficient conditions under which a given newform has equivalent cusp forms in ${S_{k + 1/2}}(4N, \chi)$ . The result reformulates, in classical terms, the representation-theoretic conditions given by Flicker and Waldspurger. The conditions involve easily-verified information about the primes dividing the level of the newform, and about the behavior of the newform under certain quadratic twists and Atkin–Lehner involutions. The theorem is applied to give explicit examples of twisted newforms having no equivalent half-integral weight cusp forms in any space ${S_{k + 1/2}}(4N, \chi)$ as above.
Decentralized regression with asynchronous sub-Nyquist sampling

When capturing data on a sensor field to uncover its latent structure, there are often nuisance parameters in the observation model that turn even linear regression problems into non-convex optimizations. One common case is the lack of common timing source in ADCs, therefore samplings are done with time offsets. Motivated by the desire of estimating jointly the sensor field and nuisance parameters in a wide area deployment, this paper derives a new decentralized algorithm that combines alternating optimization and gossip-based learning. The proposed algorithm is shown to converge to the neighborhood of a local minimum, both analytically and empirically.
“‘I have done it and I have got to die’: Coroners' inquests of abortion deaths in Rhode Island, 1876–1938.”

This article offers an analysis of abortion deaths among white working-class women in Providence County based on thirty-three coroners records from 1876 to 1938. Most women were single and in their twenties: they chose abortion either because their lover was married, or they were too ashamed of their premarital sexual activity to confront their parents. Married women, on the other hand, did so primarily due to economic factors, extramarital affairs, or a strong desire for no more children. In seeking abortions, single women depended on lovers while married women relied on sisters or sisters-in-law. In investigating the deaths resulting from these abortions, coroners called husbands, but not lovers, before the inquests and sought out antemortem statements. Yet only 39% of cases had dying declarations: either doctors refused to participate in interrogating women on their death beds, or women refused to identify abortionists. Of the abortion providers identified, 45% were physicians. Working-class status did...
The development of the anterior post‐otic somites in the rabbit

A study is presented of the most anterior postotic somites in a series of embryos from the five-somite stage to 16 days. A gradual fading out of the somite forming tendency in this region seems to be indicated both by the formation of a rudimentary somite and by conditions found in the first true somites. There are, in the rabbit, three occipital somites, all of which form myotomes. The fate of the myotomes is traced until their identity is lost in the formation of definitive muscle masses. From the sclerotomes two occipital arches, comparable to those of vertebrae, are formed and can be identified as late as the time of beginning chondrification. There is a marked compression of the tissues in this region, the sclerotomal material being not only relatively but actually shorter in older embryos. This compression results in, 1) the approximation of the hypoglossal roots, and, 2) the fusion of the two occipital arches. The cartilaginous basal plate in rabbits begins development at its caudal end and differentiates anteriorly from this with little evidence of a primitive segmentation except as this posterior first center might be called a segment.
Ethnic-Sensitive Practice: Contradictions and Recommendations.

SUMMARY This article identifies some of the contradictions at the theoretical, attitudinal, and behavioral levels that are inherent in current approaches to ethnic-sensitive practice, including: (1) diversity and the history of the profession; (2) ethnicity as a credential; (3) the differential status of minority groups; and (4) the reliance on self-awareness. Recommendations are presented to stimulate thinking outside and beyond the box, such as redefining and expanding approaches to ethnic-sensitive practice; creating agency environments that support ethnic-sensitive practice; and expanding ethnic-sensitive practice to include a focus on the structures, institutions, and policies that are required for the sustained implementation of ethnic-sensitive practice.
Copulatory behaviour of the ram, Ovis aries. II. Factors affecting copulatory satiation.

Summary Three experiments were performed to determine the relation between immediate copulatory history and female identity on copulatory satiation in male sheep. The results of experiment 1 showed that the successive introduction of different females after each ejaculation can maintain rapid copulatory behaviour in some rams through at least twelve ejaculations. In experiment 2 we manipulated the visual appearance, and to a lesser extent the olfactory properties, of ewes, in an attempt to assess the significance of these variables in accounting for the results of the first experiment. We were able to conclude only that the gross alterations in the appearances of ewes were not sufficient to confuse the ram concerning their identities. In experiment 3, rams were prevented from penetrating the ewe by tying aprons around their middles. Under these conditions, rams behave similarly when exposed repeatedly to the same female or to a series of different females. One may not conclude with certainty that failure of ejaculation maintained the ram's interest in the same female, because semen was often found on the aprons that the rams wore.
Regulation of metabolism in facultative bacteria: II. Effects of aerobiosis, anaerbiosis and nutrition on the formation of Krebs cycle enzymes in escherchia coli

Abstract The levels of Krebs cycle enzymes were determined in Escherichia coli cells grown anerobically and aerobically with varied nutrition. At least three factors were found to influence their biosynthesis: 1, the presence or absence of molecular O2; 2, the repressive effect of glucose (catabolite repression) and 3, the balance between catabolic and anabolic demands on the cycle dictated by the nutritional background. The lowest enzyme levels are found in anaerobically grown cells; however, both aerobic and anaerobic cells futher variations in enzyme content, depending upon the medium in which they are grown. The most dramatic nutritional effects are related to glucose methobolism. Glucose markedly represses the formation of Krebs cycle enzymes in cells grown on a complex medium, however, this repression is countermanded partially when cells are grown in an synthetic mineral salts medium with glucose in which the cycle must be used for synthetic purposes. When glutamate must be synthesized, the enzymes leading to its formation are elevated even in the presence of glucose; however, other enzymes of the cycle are not derepressed proportionately. It is suggested that the cycle can be divided into at least three sectors which are under independent control. The data serve to emphasize that the enzymes of an amphibolic system, such as the Krebs cycle , i.e. one which is used for both catabolism and anabolism, are controlled by a number of separate but interrelated mechanisms and that they cannot be regarded as so-called constitutive enzymes.
Is Ca2+ -activated potassium efflux involved in the formation of ischemic brain edema?

A possible role of Ca2+ -activated potassium efflux in brain ischemia was studied using a rat focal cortical infarction model. Three days after ischemic insult, tissue contents of water, sodium, potassium and calcium ions were measured. Charybdotoxin, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+ -activated potassium efflux, was found to reduce the formation of ischemic brain edema when a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg was given by i.v. 20-30 min prior to the onset of ischemic insult.
The effects of time and temperature on flow cytometry enumerated live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Aims: Recoveries of spiked standard suspensions are used to evaluate method performance. For many applications, γ-irradiated Cryptosporidium oocysts are appropriate. In contrast, methods that determine viability, such as Cryptosporidium cell culture, require the use of live oocysts. Oocyst standards are usually prepared at a flow cytometry laboratory for use at another laboratory, and thus the samples are shipped. The goal of this study was to evaluate the shipping and storage stability of flow cytometry enumerated live oocysts over time at three temperatures: 4°C, room temperature and 37°C. Methods and Results: Replicate samples containing 100 live C. parvum oocysts were prepared by flow cytometry and stored at 4°C, room temperature and 37°C. These samples were counted at various time points. Significant oocyst losses were observed after storage for 1 day at 37°C, 7 days at room temperature and 21 days at 4°C. Conclusions: Live C. parvum oocysts internal standards should be used within 10 days of preparation, and stored and shipped at 4°C. Significance and Impact of the Study: When evaluating method performance with live oocysts, both the storage temperature and time are critical factors for obtaining reliable and accurate results.
β-Lactam resistance amongst Enterobacter species

Following the introduction of extended-spectrum cephalosporins into clinical use, the prevalence of species belonging to the genus Enterobacter has increased because of their natural resistance to earlier cephalosporins and their ability to develop resistance rapidly to the newer drugs. beta-Lactam resistance in this genus is due, for the most part, to the presence of a Bush group 1 chromosomal cephalosporinase. This enzyme is normally inducible and resistance to older cephalosporins, cephamycins and aminopenicillins results from either the extreme lability of the drugs to the enzyme or from their inducer activities. Resistance to newer penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams is attributable to the selection of mutants which express large amounts of the enzyme. Such mutants arise as the result of a spontaneous mutation in one of the regulatory genes responsible for suppressing enzyme expression. Since the enzyme has very high affinity for the newer cephalosporins, this, coupled with the slow penetration of the drugs into the cell, provides a very efficient mechanism of resistance. Recent surveys in the USA and elsewhere have shown that the increased prevalence of multi-beta-lactam-resistant strains of enterobacter is due to the increased use of the newer cephalosporins. Attempts to prevent these problems include the more judicious use of newer beta-lactam antibiotics and the development of enhanced-potency cephalosporins which are able to avoid resistance because they have lower enzyme affinity and permeate more rapidly into the cell.
The Testament(s) : Continuities and Discontinuities

This article, based on a research report at the 1999 CBA annual meeting at Notre Dame, Indiana, approaches the topic from the point of view of the impact of the Israelite world view on the data of biblical theology: Sheol and immortality; the heavenly court and angelology; the levels of interpretation of the Song of Songs; and finally, discontinuity within the wisdom literature.
Meson current in the color-flavor-locked phase

We study the stability of the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase of dense quark matter with regard to the formation of a nonzero Goldstone boson current. We show that an instability appears in the vicinity of the point {mu}{sub s}={delta} which marks the appearance of gapless fermion modes in the CFL phase. Here, {mu}{sub s}=m{sub s}{sup 2}/(2{mu}) is the shift in chemical potential due to the strange quark mass and {delta} is the gap in the chiral limit. We show that in the Goldstone boson current phase all components of the magnetic screening mass are real. In this work we do not take into account homogeneous kaon condensation. We study the effects of an instanton induced interaction of the magnitude required to suppress kaon condensation.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SYNNYR AND KHIBINY ALKALINE PLUTONS

The apatite deposits of the Kola Peninsula produce some two-thirds of the Soviet Union's phosphate (see IGR, Vol. 30, pp. 817-819, 1988). The search for comparable deposits has been unsuccessful, in the USSR or abroad, but still goes on. The authors of this paper reassert the previously dismissed potential of the Synnyr pluton, which is potassic, rather than sodic like those of the Kola Peninsula.
Impact of extended-life noise and temperature measurements on littoral ASW

The U. S. Naval Air Systems Command is considering extended-life environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize littoral environments. Some conceptual designs contain thermistors to measure ocean temperatures and hydrophones to measure ambient noise. In this work, measured temperature profiles and predictions of ambient noise using ship densities in the Sea of Japan are used to simulate a) data collected with 3 “single-shot” fixed sonobuoys, b) data collected with 3 extended-life sonobuoys drifting over a 12-days, and c) “ground-truth” or actual conditions. Those environmental simulations are used to predict acoustic conditions; i.e., transmission loss, detection range, and detection probability at 100 Hz for an anti-submarine warfare application. The simulated environmental fields and predicted acoustic results for fixed and drifting sensors are compared to our best estimate of actual conditions. Results show that 3 drifting buoys yield significantly better representations of the actual temperatures, ambient noise, and derived acoustic fields than 3 discrete measurements. Intelligent algorithms are used to locate tactical sonobuoys in the three environments. The calculated detection probabilities from the drifting buoy environment are 20% more accurate than those from the discretely measured environment.
Universal mechanism for breaking the hc/2e periodicity of flux-induced oscillations in small superconducting rings.

A universal mechanism of restoration of minimal $hc/e$ periodicity in the response of small superconducting rings or cylinders to the magnetic flux is proposed. The mechanism is based on the dependence of the Cooper pair's internal energy on its motion as a whole and does not rely on the presence of quasiparticles in the system. The thermal equilibrium $hc/2e$ periodicity is broken by an offset of the transition between different current-carrying states. The magnitude of the offset is calculated for an $s$-wave superconducting cylinder of radius $R$ in the limit $R\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$, where ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ is the BCS coherence length and turns out to be exponentially small. A possible enhancement of the effect for nodal superconductors is suggested. Similar conclusions should also apply to the response of charged or neutral superfluids to rotation.
Expression of IL-2 in β cells by AAV8 gene transfer in pre-diabetic NOD mice prevents diabetes through activation of FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells

We previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) stably transduces the pancreas, including the β cells in the pancreatic islets. We further demonstrated the ability to deliver and express target genes specifically in β cells for at least 6 months using a murine insulin promoter in a double-stranded, self-complementary AAV vector. Recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 has been shown to induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. Here we evaluated the effects of double-stranded adeno-associated virus serotype 8-mouse insulin promoter (dsAAV8-mIP)-mediated delivery of 2 to pancreatic β cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. AAV8-mIP-mediated gene expression of IL-2 to pancreatic β cells of 10-week-old NOD mice prevented the onset of hyperglycemia in NOD mice more in a dose-dependent manner with the lower dose of virus being more effective than a higher dose of AAV-mIP-IL-2 and IL-4. Moreover, the local β-cell expression of IL-2 increased the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN) and SPL in both NOD and C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that local, low expression of mIL-2 in islets prevents progress of diabetes through the regulation of Tregs.
Influence of 3-D Spatial Correlation on the Capacity of MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Channels

A three-dimensional (3-D) theoretical model for MIMO mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) multipath fading channels is proposed and its spatial correlation function is derived. This correlation function is used to evaluate the effect of spatial correlation on the capacity of uniform linear antenna arrays. The effects of antenna spacing and antenna orientations on capacity are studied.
Physical attributes and assembly of PEG-linked immuno-labeled gold nanoparticles for OCM image contrast in tissue engineering and developmental biology

Excessive nonspecific binding often occurs when labeling cells with immuno-labeled gold nanoparticles (IgG-AuNPs). We have investigated the physical properties of IgG-AuNPs assembled with three different protocols in an attempt to understand and eliminate this non-specific binding. One of these protocols involves conjugating the secondary antibody AP124F via van der Waals (vdW) and/or electrostatic forces to the AuNPs, and the other two employ a PEG-linker, OPSS-PEG-NHS (OPN). In all three protocols we follow with PEG-SH to provide protection against aggregation in saline solution. OPN and PEG-SH chains of varying molecular weights were examined in different combinations to determine the optimally protective layer. The hydrodynamic radius and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were monitored at each stage of assembly using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument and spectrophotometer, respectively. SPR measurements indicate a different physical structure near the gold surface when the PEG-linker is bound to gold first and then bound to the antibody second (AP124F-[OPN-Au]) rather than vice versa ([AP124F-OPN]- Au). These observed structural differences may lead to differences in the amount of non-specific binding observed when immuno-labeling cells. SPR measurements also yielded a half-life of 27 minutes for the binding of the PEG-linker to the surface of the AuNPs and a half-life of 133 minutes for the hydrolysis of the NHS functional groups on the OPN molecule. These different reaction rates led us to add AP124F 40 minutes after the linker began binding to the AuNPs, so that the antibody can bind covalently to the correct end of the OPN linker.
Ideology or Experience: A Study of Sexual Harassment.

“Ideology or Experience” is a replication and redefinition of a study done at the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI), Canada, which examined response biases with respect to the reporting of sexual harassment. In the replication, 192 William Paterson College (WPC), New Jersey, students were used to investigate the role of ideology and previous sexual harassment experiences in reporting sexual harassment incidents. Both studies assessed the relationship between one's experiences, perceptions, and attitudes toward sexual harassment. The WPC study, however, overcame acknowledged potential reporting biases by using face to face scale distribution rather than mailed questionnaires. Findings replicate most of the previous study and suggest that neither the experience of being sexually harassed nor a feminist ideology affects the reporting of sexual harassment. A gender by experience interaction was found with regard to tolerance of sexual harassment suggesting potential differences in cultural, and/or gender, attitudes toward sexual harassment. Further analysis, redefining the experience variable, as suggested by Mazer and Percival, also supports the notion that experience does not affect the reporting of sexual harassment.
EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM SUBSTITUTION ON RADIATION-LESS DECAY OF ANTHRACENE TRIPLET

ALTHOUGH radiation-less transitions in aromatic molecules have been investigated experimentally for more than 10 years, it is only recently that any real understanding has been achieved. The main reason for this is that interpretation of the experimental results has been limited by the difficulty of distinguishing between temperature and viscosity effects in systems where temperature and viscosity are dependent variables1. Concomitant theoretical developments have contributed towards the resolution of some of the experimental problems, approaching the subject from the point of view of both intramolecular and intermolecular perturbations.