cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Summary of North Carolina Seismicity in the 18th and 19th Centuries

A list of 59 earthquake events felt in North Carolina between 1732 and 1900 has been compiled. It is the most complete such list yet catalogued. Thirty-eight of these events probably had their epicenters within the state or within a few miles of the state line. Much of the activity cannot easily be related to known geologic structures although some of the epicenters fall near the Blue Ridge front and the Brevard zone, near the border faults of the Dan River and Deep River Triassic Basins, and in the Cape Fear Arch region. Magnitudes of the N.C. events were all probably less than 4.5 on the Richter Scale. The maximum intensities experienced were due to the New Madrid, Missouri, earthquakes of 1811–12 and the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886. There is a correlation between the growing population of N. C. from 1732 and the number of reported events but the state probably became saturated with respect to seismic detection around 1855 and, hence, the increase in seismic activity after 1870 is probably of genuine geologic origin. Among the most interesting events is the 1874 swarm near Rumbling Bald Mountain in McDowell County when more than 75 earthquakes occurred in two months. Field inspection of the site shows huge relatively recent-looking splits in the mountains there that could have been due to this swarm. The historical record of N. C. is probably not long enough to be a very valid basis for making earthquake risk projections into the future. It may be that the greatest threat to N.C. is large earthquakes outside her borders such as those in the Mississippi Valley and South Carolina. On the otherhand, there is nothing now known that can rule out the possibility that the greatest threat to N.C. is within her own boundaries. This latter possibility becomes a very real and serious concern when one studies the land elevation changes currently in progress in eastern N. C.
Protein Kinase A–Phosphorylated KV1 Channels in PSD95 Signaling Complex Contribute to the Resting Membrane Potential and Diameter of Cerebral Arteries

Rationale: Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) is a scaffolding protein that associates with voltage-gated, Shaker -type K+ (KV1) channels and promotes the expression of KV1 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells of the cerebral (cVSMCs) circulation. However, the physiological role of PSD95 in mediating molecular signaling in cVSMCs is unknown. Objective: We explored whether a specific interaction between PSD95 and KV1 channels enables protein kinase A phosphorylation of KV1 channels in cVSMCs to promote vasodilation. Methods and Results: Rat cerebral arteries were used for analyses. A membrane-permeable peptide (KV1-C peptide) corresponding to the postsynaptic density-95, discs large, zonula occludens-1 binding motif in the C terminus of KV1.2α was designed as a dominant-negative peptide to disrupt the association of KV1 channels with PSD95. Application of KV1-C peptide to cannulated, pressurized cerebral arteries rapidly induced vasoconstriction and depolarized cVSMCs. These events corresponded to reduced coimmunoprecipitation of the PSD95 and KV1 proteins without altering surface expression. Middle cerebral arterioles imaged in situ through cranial window also constricted rapidly in response to local application of KV1-C peptide. Patch-clamp recordings confirmed that KV1-C peptide attenuates KV1 channel blocker (5-(4-phenylalkoxypsoralen))–sensitive current in cVSMCs. Western blots using a phospho-protein kinase A substrate antibody revealed that cerebral arteries exposed to KV1-C peptide showed markedly less phosphorylation of KV1.2α subunits. Finally, phosphatase inhibitors blunted both KV1-C peptide–mediated and protein kinase A inhibitor peptide–mediated vasoconstriction. Conclusions: These findings provide initial evidence that protein kinase A phosphorylation of KV1 channels is enabled by a dynamic association with PSD95 in cerebral arteries and suggest that a disruption of such association may compromise cerebral vasodilation and blood flow. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-46}
Students' Perceptions of Inclusion and Resource Room Settings

Findings from eight studies that have examined the perceptions of students with learning disabilities of their educational settings were synthesized. Interviews and surveys with 442 students with learning disabilities yielded five overall findings: (1) The majority of students with learning disabilities preferred to receive specialized instruction outside of the general education classroom for part of the school day; (2) students stated that they liked the resource room because the work is easier and fun and they get the help they need to do their work; (3) students indicated that they liked the inclusion classroom because it was better for making friends; (4) most students valued the support provided by the special education teacher in the general education classroom and did not know that he or she was the special education teacher; and (5) most students were unsure as to how they were placed in special education and who was responsible for the decision about whether they received special services in the...
Segmentation-free skeletonization of grayscale volumes for shape understanding

Medical imaging has produced a large number of volumetric images capturing biological structures in 3D. Computer-based understanding of these structures can often benefit from the knowledge of shape components, particularly rod-like and plate-like parts, in such volumes. Previously, skeletons have been a common tool for identifying these shape components in a solid object. However, obtaining skeletons of a grayscale volume poses new challenges due to the lack of a clear boundary between object and background. In this paper, we present a new skeletonization algorithm on grayscale volumes typical to medical imaging (e.g., MRI, CT and EM scans), for the purpose of identifying shape components. Our algorithm does not require an explicit segmentation of the volume into object and background, and is capable of producing skeletal curves and surfaces that lie centered at rod-shaped and plate-shaped parts in the grayscale volume. Our method is demonstrated on both synthetic and medical data.
Analytical models for analysis of automated warehouse material handling systems

Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RSs) and autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems (AVS/RSs) are two competing technologies for the handling, storage and retrieval of unit-loads in the reserve section of an automated warehouse. In this paper, we model variants of the two systems as an open queuing network (OQN) and use an existing tool for the analysis of OQNs, called the manufacturing system performance analyser (MPA), for analysing the performance of the AS/RS and AVS/RS. Experimental results are provided to show that MPA is a better choice than simulation to quickly evaluate alternate configurations of the two systems. We use MPA to answer a series of design questions for AS/RS and AVS/RS design conceptualisation.
Mangrove Distribution during the Holocene in Tribugá Gulf, Colombia1

Abstract Neotropical mangrove ecosystems have undergone drastic changes in terms of extension and floristic composition during Plio–Pleistocene times. It is unclear if the northern Pacific coast of Colombia has been occupied continuously by mangroves during the last 5000 years, or if their presence is a recent phenomenon. Two basic questions were asked: (1) is the establishment of mangroves recent?; and (2) what were the dominant floral taxa during the late Holocene? In the Gulf of Tribuga, northern Colombian Pacific, 22 sediment cores were drilled to a maximum depth of 2 m in a diverse suite of mangrove substrates and positions relative to the shoreline. Data were gathered from sedimentological descriptions, palynological analyses, and radiocarbon dating of these cores. During the last 4500 years, mangroves in the southern area of the Tribuga Gulf have remained floristically stable and dominated by Rhizophora. The abundant presence of Acrostichum aureum is recent, probably related to human activities. In...
ANAPLEROTIC THERAPY IN PROPIONIC ACIDEMIA

Background Propionic acidemia is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of propionyl- CoA carboxylase, the enzyme converting propionyl-CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA that subsequently enters the citric acid cycle as succinyl-CoA. Patients with propionic acidemia cannot metabolize propionic acid, which combines with oxaloacetate to form methylcitric acid. This, with the defective supply of succinyl-CoA, may lead to a deficiency in citric acid cycle intermediates.
Fast, real-time, DFT instrument based on VMEbus

An emerging class of VMEbus-based test and measurement instruments is benchmarked by a recently introduced digital spectrum analyzer. The instrument performs real-time spectrum analysis in the DC-to-10 MHz range at 5000 spectrums per second. Its architecture is based on the VMEbus and is partly adapted for high-speed pipeline processing. The keyboard and color graphic displays suit basic spectrum analysis, as well as advanced analysis of amplitude vs. both frequency and time. The instrument provides a DSP (digital signal processing) programming environment when an RS232 terminal is attached. With addition of an RF spectrum analyzer, downconverter, and software, real-time analysis is extended to 21 GHz and beyond. Postprocessable spectral output makes the instrument suitable for use in a larger signal analysis or test system. This digital spectrum analyzer, which has 17 boards on the bus, is representative of an emerging class of filled-enclosure instruments. >
Effects of Trypsin, Protease Inhibitors and Ethanol on Corpus Luteum Adenylyl Cyclase

The effects of trypsin, 2 protease inhibitors (N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCI ITLCKI and L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone ITPCKI) and ethanol on rabbit and rat corpus luteum adenylyl cyclase were studied. Trypsin stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in rabbit corpus luteum membranes. Maximal stimulation was observed at 2.5 �ig/ml trypsin. Higher trypsinconcentrations inhibited rabbit corpus luteum adenylyl cyclase activity. Addition of 10 �zM GTP did not alter the activation of adenylyl cyclase by trypsin.In the presence of ethanol, TLCK inhibited hCG and LH stimulation of rabbit and rat corpus luteum adenylyl cyclase. Ethanol, alone, enhanced hCG and LH stimulation of adenylyl cyclase up to a concentration of 5% ethanol, while higher concentrations of ethanol inhibited hCG and LH stimulation of ovarian adenylyl cyclase. These responses in the rat ovarian adenylyl cyclase were not altered by GTP; in the rabbit corpus luteum adenylyl cyclase, TLCK in the presence of ethanol and GTP actually enhanced hCG and LH stimulation of adenylyl cyclase up to a concentration of 0.625 mM TLCK. Higher concentration of TLCK in the presence of ethanol and GTP inhibited hCG and LH stimulation of the rabbit enzyme. The combined effects of ethanol and TLCK on ovarian adenylyl cyclase do not appear to involve alteration of the apparent affinity of hCG for its receptor and are due primarily to a reduction in the maximal velocity of the reaction. Itappears that TLCK may be enhancing the inhibitory action of high concentrations of ethanol on hCG and LH stimulation of ovarian adenylyl cyclase. Based on the findings of the present study, it would appear to be premature to propose a central role for proteases in hCG and LH stimulation of ovarian adenylyl cyclase.
Human Ocular Drusen Possess Novel Core Domains with a Distinct Carbohydrate Composition

SUMMARY Ocular drusen are extracellular deposits that form between the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane. Although the presence of large and/or numerous drusen in the macula is a significant risk factor for development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of irreversible blindness, little is known about their origin or composition. We have expanded on our previous investigations related to drusen-associated glycoconjugates by examining lectin binding patterns after removal of terminal sialic acid residues. Strikingly, intense and distinct labeling of drusen subdomains is revealed by Arachea hypogea agglutinin (PNA) after neuraminidase treatment. PNA binding is confined to discrete domains within both hard and soft drusen. These “cores” are positioned centrally within drusen and are typically juxtaposed to Bruch’s membrane. Only one core per druse is observed. PNA labeling of drusen cores does not co-localize with associated lipids and is abrogated by digestion with O-glycosidase but not N-glycosidase. The association of cores with small drusen suggests that they may participate in drusen
Effect of process conditions on superplastic forming behaviour in Ti–6Al–4V friction stir welds

AbstractFriction stir welding of Ti–6Al–4V was performed on 5 mm thickness sheet. Wide ranges of processing conditions were tested, and an experimentally determined process window was established for this given material, thickness and tooling configuration. Welds made within this process window were also superplastically formed. It was found that the weld parameters influence joint quality in terms of microstructure, penetration and void formation in addition to process traits such as loads and tool wear. Furthermore, since the microstructure of the weld could be altered with the welding parameters, the degree of superplasticity in the joints could also be controlled. Finally, experimental observations were compared to a proposed analytic process model in an attempt to establish trends between the weld characteristics and the welding conditions used. Reasonable correlations were observed between the analytic model and experimental results.
Schooling the State: ESEA and the Evolution of the U.S. Department of Education

This article examines the evolution of the role of the “state” in American K–12 education and analyzes the history of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) through the entity responsible for its implementation, the U.S. Department of Education. More specifically, it explores how and why national administrative capacity and the design and implementation of federal policy in education in the United States underwent a dramatic shift between 1965 and 2014. It will address these questions through an analysis of the ways in which the mission and activities of the Department of Education have changed since the passage of ESEA in 1965. For the department to be effective in gaining states’ compliance with federal education policies, it needs sufficient statutory authority, administrative capacity, and political support. However, throughout most of the history of the department these resources have not been present.
Package architecture and component design for an implanted neural stimulator with closed loop control

An implanted neural stimulator with closed loop control requires electrodes for stimulation pulses and recording neuron activity. Our system features arrays of 64 electrodes. Each electrode can be addressed through a cross bar switch, to enable it to be used for stimulation or recording. This electrode switch, a bank of low noise amplifiers with an integrated analog to digital converter, power conditioning electronics, and a communications and control gate array are co-located with the electrode array in a 14 millimeter diameter satellite package that is designed to be flush mounted in a skull burr hole. Our system features five satellite packages connected to a central hub processor-controller via ten conductor cables that terminate in a custom designed, miniaturized connector. The connector incorporates features of high reliability, military grade devices and utilizes three distinct seals to isolate the contacts from fluid permeation. The hub system is comprised of a connector header, hermetic electronics package, and rechargeable battery pack, which are mounted on and electrically interconnected by a flexible circuit board. The assembly is over molded with a compliant silicone rubber. The electronics package contains two antennas, a large coil, used for recharging the battery and a high bandwidth antenna that is used to download data and update software. The package is assembled from two machined alumina pieces, a flat base with brazed in, electrical feed through pins and a rectangular cover with rounded corners. Titanium seal rings are brazed onto these two pieces so that they can be sealed by laser welding. A third system antenna is incorporated in the flexible circuit board. It is used to communicate with an externally worn control package, which monitors the health of the system and allows both the user and clinician to control or modify various system function parameters.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Symptoms of ADHD

The frequency of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) among children with inattention and hyperactivity was determined in 866 patients, aged 2.0 to 13.9 years (mean; 6.8 yrs), evaluated in two general pediatric clinics at the University of Michigan and University of Pittsburg.
High Temperature Dehydroxylation of Apatitic Phosphates.

Sr10P6O24(OH)2, (Hex. a = 9.765 A, c = 7.280 A), and Ba10P6O24(OH)2, (Hex. a = 10.177 A, c = 7.731 A), undergo cell parameter contractions at elevated temperatures in air. These can be correlated with progressive dehydroxylation, although neither can be completely dehydrated. Pb10P6O24(OH)2, (Hex. a = 9.878 A, c = 7.432 A), also does not completely dehydrate in air. A new apatite-like strontium phosphate, (Hex. a = 9.872 A, c = 7.199 A), was prepared at elevated temperatures in vacuum.
Making unreliable Chem-FET sensors smart via soft calibration

Biological and chemical sensor systems have many potentially transformative applications including health care, environmental monitoring, and biological or chemical threat detection. A major impediment in the widespread use of low-cost sensors, such as ChemFETs (Chemically sensitive Field-Effect Transistors), is the degradation in accuracy due to drift which occurs immediately after deployment. This paper presents a fully automated soft-calibration technique that extends the lifetime of sensors by compensating drift. The proposed methodology is applied to pH sensors, which can be manufactured for less than 10 cents. Experimental results show we can achieve very accurate results even if the sensor output has drifted by more than 600%. The proposed technique has been shown to extend the usable time of the ISFET sensor from mere minutes to 8 hours.
Alcohol withdrawal seizures

Seizures that occur in relation to alcohol withdrawal, following a period of prolonged intoxication in serious alcoholics, constitute a special syndrome with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Inpatient management is desirable to eliminate other causes of seizures that occur for the first time in adult life and because such patients are at substantial risk for additional seizures and the development of delirium tremens. Drug therapy with benodiazepines may be effective during the withdrawal period but long-term anticonvulsant treatment is of no value.
A multi-model statistical approach for proteomic spectral count quantitation.

The rapid development of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies has solidified shotgun proteomics as the most powerful analytical platform for large-scale proteome interrogation. The ability to map and determine differential expression profiles of the entire proteome is the ultimate goal of shotgun proteomics. Label-free quantitation has proven to be a valid approach for discovery shotgun proteomics, especially when sample is limited. Label-free spectral count quantitation is an approach analogous to RNA sequencing whereby count data is used to determine differential expression. Here we show that statistical approaches developed to evaluate differential expression in RNA sequencing experiments can be applied to detect differential protein expression in label-free discovery proteomics. This approach, termed MultiSpec, utilizes open-source statistical platforms; namely edgeR, DESeq and baySeq, to statistically select protein candidates for further investigation. Furthermore, to remove bias associated with a single statistical approach a single ranked list of differentially expressed proteins is assembled by comparing edgeR and DESeq q-values directly with the false discovery rate (FDR) calculated by baySeq. This statistical approach is then extended when applied to spectral count data derived from multiple proteomic pipelines. The individual statistical results from multiple proteomic pipelines are integrated and cross-validated by means of collapsing protein groups.
Piezoelectric response enhancement in the proximity of grain boundaries of relaxor-ferroelectric thin films

The influence of surface morphology on the local piezoelectric response of highly (100)-textured 0.70PbMg2/3Nb1/3O3-0.30PbTiO3 thin films is studied using piezoresponse force microscopy in band-excitation mode. The local electromechanical response is mostly suppressed in direct proximity of the grain boundaries. However, within 100–200 nm of the grain boundary, the piezoresponse is substantially enhanced, before decaying again within a region at the center of the grain itself. Nested piezoresponse hysteresis curves confirm the influence of topography descriptors on parameters affecting the hysteresis loop shape. The enhancement of the electromechanical response is rationalized through reduced lateral clamping in the grains with deep trenched boundaries, as well as an expected lower energy for complex domain wall structures, due to curved ferroelectric surfaces. The lower piezoresponse at the center of the grain is assigned to the lateral clamping by the surrounding piezoelectric material.
The Effects of Personality Traits on Social Media Involvement and Electronic Word of Mouth

Within the last decade, social media has become an integral part of many companies’ promotion strategies. Marketing research, however, has largely under-examined the antecedents of consumer social media involvement (SMI) as well as its effects on consumer behaviors such as word of mouth (WOM) activity. Utilizing Mowen’s (2000) 3 M theory of personality, we posit that the compound traits of opinion leadership and opinion seeking have effects on the situational trait of social media involvement (SMI), which effects the surface trait of WOM. Furthermore, in line with the 3 M theory, we posit that the elemental personality traits of neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, need for material resources, need for arousal, and agreeableness have directs effects on the compound traits of opinion leadership and opinion seeking. A conceptual model is proposed, and is empirically tested. The results show support for the model, and implications are discussed.
Electron Induced Surface Reactions of cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2: A Route to Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition of Pure Pt Nanostructures.

Using mechanistic data from surface science studies on electron-induced reactions of organometallic precursors, cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 (1) was designed specifically for use in focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) of Pt nanostructures. Electron induced decomposition of adsorbed 1 under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions proceeds through initial CO loss as determined by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Although the Pt–Cl bonds remain intact during the initial decomposition step, larger electron doses induce removal of the residual chloride through an electron-stimulated desorption process. FEBID structures created from cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 under steady state deposition conditions in an Auger spectrometer were determined to be PtCl2, free of carbon and oxygen. Coupled with the electron stimulated removal of chlorine demonstrated in the UHV experiments, the Auger deposition data establish a route to FEBID of pure Pt. Results from this study demonstrate that structure–activity relat...
Enlightenment Political Theory and British Conservatism

Social contract theory, as representative of a strand of natural law theory during the Enlightenment, displayed some common features, to which a conservative political movement would react. These theorists began their inquiries into the nature of legitimate political authority with myths of a beginning, evoking “states of nature” and postulating the laws therein as a function of reason. Reason revealed its critical force against the inherited traditions and dogmas of the Church, against the static hierarchies of the feudal system, and against the economic structures of the guild system, agrarian economies, and mercantilist policies. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, the authoritarian and the libertarian respectively, were both exemplars of the strength of reason to erect systems meant to stabilize both the disorder of the English Civil War and to redress the transgressions of unlimited monarchical power, backed by the theory the divine right of kings. Reason, on this model of social contract thinking, gives us access to the laws of nature, which prescribe the way legitimate government operates. Reason also secularizes political discourse by attacking the divine right of kings and presenting criteria for legitimate government beyond the rule of inheritance.
Thrust sensor based nonlinear motor control for quadcopters

Multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential for many promising applications, and improvements in controls for these flying robots could have a significant impact on their efficacy. This paper describes the novel design of a nonlinear motor controller for quadcopters that uniquely incorporates thrust feedback with an onboard force sensor installed on the motor mount. This paper explains the advanced control mathematics used to derive the controller and uses Lyapunov stability analysis to prove the design is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, this work includes a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory experiments which illustrate the design's stable and precise thrust setpoint tracking.
Effects of Self-Generated Noise on Estimates of Detection Threshold in Quiet for School-Age Children and Adults.

Objectives Detection thresholds in quiet become adult-like earlier in childhood for high than low frequencies. When adults listen for sounds near threshold, they tend to engage in behaviors that reduce physiologic noise (e.g., quiet breathing), which is predominantly low frequency. Children may not suppress self-generated noise to the same extent as adults, such that low-frequency self-generated noise elevates thresholds in the associated frequency regions. This possibility was evaluated by measuring noise levels in the ear canal simultaneous with adaptive threshold estimation. Design Listeners were normal-hearing children (4.3 to 16.0 years) and adults. Detection thresholds were measured adaptively for 250-, 1000-, and 4000-Hz pure tones using a three-alternative forced-choice procedure. Recordings of noise in the ear canal were made while the listeners performed this task, with the earphone and microphone routed through a single foam insert. Levels of self-generated noise were computed in octave-wide bands. Age effects were evaluated for four groups: 4- to 6-year olds, 7- to 10-year olds, 11- to 16-year olds, and adults. Results Consistent with previous data, the effect of child age on thresholds was robust at 250 Hz and fell off at higher frequencies; thresholds of even the youngest listeners were similar to adults' at 4000 Hz. Self-generated noise had a similar low-pass spectral shape for all age groups, although the magnitude of self-generated noise was higher in younger listeners. If self-generated noise impairs detection, then noise levels should be higher for trials associated with the wrong answer than the right answer. This association was observed for all listener groups at the 250-Hz signal frequency. For adults and older children, this association was limited to the noise band centered on the 250-Hz signal. For the two younger groups of children, this association was strongest at the signal frequency, but extended to bands spectrally remote from the 250-Hz signal. For the 1000-Hz signal frequency, there was a broadly tuned association between noise and response only for the two younger groups of children. For the 4000-Hz signal frequency, only the youngest group of children demonstrated an association between responses and noise levels, and this association was particularly pronounced for bands below the signal frequency. Conclusions These results provide evidence that self-generated noise plays a role in the prolonged development of low-frequency detection thresholds in quiet. Some aspects of the results are consistent with the possibility that self-generated noise elevates thresholds via energetic masking, particularly at 250 Hz. The association between behavioral responses and noise spectrally remote from the signal frequency is also consistent with the idea that self-generated noise may also reflect contributions of more central factors (e.g., inattention to the task). Evaluation of self-generated noise could improve diagnosis of minimal or mild hearing loss.
Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) in GEANT4: Development, validation, and testing

Despite its utility and applicability, the ability to simulate the NRF technique is not currently included in GEANT4. Here we describe the development, validation and testing of NRF in GEANT4 for 10 separate isotopes. An NRF class named G4NRF was developed to handle NRF physics. Validation of the simulation was performed by benchmarking it against experimental measurements for measured counts from gamma-ray scattering in water and metallic samples. The validation results show agreement between the simulation and experimental spectra for the appearance of the NRF peak. We have begun applying the NRF simulation for medical research, and we are seeking to make the NRF physics code available to the GEANT4 community in a future release.
The Great Depression: A Tale of Three Paradigms

In this article we articulate three distinct paradigms about the cause of the Great Depression. These three paradigms are: the neoclassical view epitomized by Murray Rothbard and William Hutt, the intermediate view of Peter Temin, and the underconsumptionist views expressed by Herbert Hoover and Henry Ford. We present empirical evidence in favor of the Rothbard–Hutt view. The neoclassical labor market adjustment mechanism that effectively reversed the downturn of 1920–1921 did not operate in the mid-to-late 1930s, perhaps because of underconsumptionist ideology.
Impact of the JAK2 V617F Mutation on Survival in Patients with Catastrophic Intra-Abdominal Thromboses.

Abstract Catastrophic intra-abdominal thrombosis can result from a variety of hypercoaguable states, including the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD), even though the patient's clinical and laboratory findings may not suggest such a diagnosis. Recently a somatic mutation in the tyrosine kinase, JAK2, has been reported in myeloid cells of 65–97% of patients with polycythemia vera and approximately 23–57% of patients with essential thrombocythemia or chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, but not in normal individuals. To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of this mutation in the setting of intra-abdominal thrombosis, JAK2V617F genotyping was performed in 42 patients who had suffered catastrophic intra-abdominal thromboses that resulted in visceral transplants, as well as in 20 control subjects. The prevalence of V617F was compared to that of other hypercoaguable states for which molecular testing is routinely performed. The V617F mutation was detected in 7 patients (16.7%), who were not distinguishable from the 35 others on the basis of their peripheral blood counts. JAK2 V617F was not detected in any of the control subjects. Six patients were heterozygous (14.3%) for the factor V Leiden mutation and one patient was heterozygous for prothrombin 20210 G>A, all of whom had unmutated JAK2 genes. Evidence for a lupus anticoagulant was found in 7 patients, including one with the V617F mutation. Six of the 7 patients with the V617F mutation died within 36 months post-transplant from the following causes: an aggressive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, sepsis secondary to bone marrow failure, allograft-liver failure, and three cases of sepsis preceded by mental status changes, possibly due to cerebral vascular disease. The median post-transplant survival of V617F-positive patients was 1.5 years compared to 9.8 years for the V617F-negative patients (ratio: 6.6; 95% CI 6.3–7.0). These results highlight the diagnostic utility of JAK2V617F testing in the setting of abdominal thrombosis and underscore the clinical significance of a positive result. The explanations for major thromboses in JAK2 V617F positive patients with clinically silent CMPD and the significantly shorter survival of the JAK2 V617 positive patients in the setting of visceral transplantion are uncertain. The optimal management of these patients also remains to be determined. Download : Download high-res image (67KB) Download : Download full-size image Median Peripheral Blood Counts at Presentation Platelets (109/L) Hemoglobin (g/dl) Hematocrit (%) Leukocytes (109/L) V617F 342 12.2 37.2 6.3 WT 239 11.4 33.3 7.2 p-value 0.22 0.59 0.46 0.89
Death, quest, and self-esteem: re-examining the role of self-esteem and religion following mortality salience

Terror management theory suggests that when mortality concerns are salient, religion can serve as a defence in order to boost self-esteem and shield against the potential for anxiety. The current study examined whether individual differences in religious orientation (i.e., quest) interacted with reminders of death to influence well-being. To the extent that religiosity buffers against mortality awareness on defensiveness, the present results demonstrated that individuals high in quest orientation, in comparison to low-quest-orientated individuals, reported lower well-being (i.e., self-esteem) following reminders of death. These results add to the existing body of literature suggesting that thoughts of death can serve to decrease well-being, but that this effect is influenced by individual differences, namely trait quest religiosity.
All-Atom MD Predicts Magnesium-Induced Hairpin in Chemically Perturbed RNA Analog of F10 Therapeutic

Given their increasingly frequent usage, understanding the chemical and structural properties which allow therapeutic nucleic acids to promote the death of cancer cells is critical for medical advancement. One molecule of interest is a 10-mer of FdUMP (5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-O-monophosphate) also called F10. To investigate causes of structural stability, we have computationally restored the 2′ oxygen on each ribose sugar of the phosphodiester backbone, creating FUMP[10]. Microsecond time-scale, all-atom, simulations of FUMP[10] in the presence of 150 mM MgCl2 predict that the strand has a 45% probability of folding into a stable hairpin-like secondary structure. Analysis of 16 μs of data reveals phosphate interactions as likely contributors to the stability of this folded state. Comparison with polydT and polyU simulations predicts that FUMP[10]’s lowest order structures last for one to 2 orders of magnitude longer than similar nucleic acid strands. Here we provide a brief structural and conformation...
Reply to Plewis, Murari et al., and Das: The suicide-temperature link in India and the evidence of an agricultural channel are robust.

In Carleton (1) I demonstrate that increases in growing-season temperatures in India contribute to rising suicide rates. In secondary analysis, I show correlational evidence of an agricultural channel, in which heat damages crops and crop losses induce suicide. The concerns raised by Murari et al. (2), Das (3), and Plewis (4) have three common features. First, they fail to acknowledge that I quantify the elevated risk of suicide due to the climate, superimposed upon risks from other factors, such as health, religion, or substance abuse, all of which are accounted for nonparametrically. Second, they focus on the agricultural mechanism, such that their implications have no bearing on the primary findings in Carleton (1). Finally, the authors incorrectly claim that many results recovered from data were assumptions made before analysis. Here I respond to each critique. Across all additional tests, the original findings in Carleton (1) remain unaffected, and often are strengthened. I use annual state-level records with suicides pooled across occupations (1). Murari et al. (2) and Plewis (4) claim that aggregation across farmers and nonfarmers makes identification of climate effects infeasible, as suicides in nonfarmers are unlikely to be climatically influenced. This claim is erroneous. First, there are many avenues through which nonfarmers may be affected, including food prices and labor market changes (5, 6). Second, a signal originating in a subpopulation can in fact be uncovered in a combined sample. Consider aggregate rates of cigarette smoking and lung cancer in a population. If smoking declines, the population-wide cancer rate may fall, despite nonsmokers’ experiencing no change in their cancer likelihood. Similarly, it is possible to uncover a farmer-driven signal in aggregate suicide data. Indeed, if nonfarmers are unaffected by the climate, the average treatment effects uncovered in Carleton (1) represent underestimates of farmer-only effects. Aggregation of suicides … [↵][1]1Email: tcarleton{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Polymer-mineral scaffold augments in vivo equine multipotent stromal cell osteogenesis.

Use of bioscaffolds to direct osteogenic differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) without exogenous proteins is a contemporary approach to bone regeneration. Identification of in vivo osteogenic contributions of exogenous MSCs on bioscaffolds after long-term implantation is vital to understanding cell persistence and effect duration. This study was designed to quantify in vivo equine MSC osteogenesis on synthetic polymer scaffolds with distinct mineral combinations 9 weeks after implantation in a murine model. Cryopreserved, passage (P)1, equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASC) were culture expanded to P3 and immunophenotyped with flow cytometry. They were then loaded by spinner flask on to scaffolds composed of tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA) (40:60; HT), polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) (60:40; GA), or PEG/PLLA/TCP/HA (36:24:24:16; GT). Scaffolds with and without cells were maintained in static culture for up to 21 days or implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice that were radiographed every 3 weeks up to 9 weeks. In vitro cell viability and proliferation were determined. Explant composition (double-stranded (ds)DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), protein), equine and murine osteogenic target gene expression, microcomputed tomography (μCT) mineralization, and light microscopic structure were assessed. The ASC and BMSC number increased significantly in HT constructs between 7 and 21 days of culture, and BMSCs increased similarly in GT constructs. Radiographic opacity increased with time in GT-BMSC constructs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and dsDNA increased significantly in GT compared to HT constructs. Equine and murine osteogenic gene expression was highest in BMSC constructs with mineral-containing scaffolds. The HT constructs with either cell type had the highest mineral deposition based on μCT. Regardless of composition, scaffolds with cells had more ECM than those without, and osteoid was apparent in all BMSC constructs. In this study, both exogenous and host MSCs appear to contribute to in vivo osteogenesis. Addition of mineral to polymer scaffolds enhances equine MSC osteogenesis over polymer alone, but pure mineral scaffold provides superior osteogenic support. These results emphasize the need for bioscaffolds that provide customized osteogenic direction of both exo- and endogenous MSCs for the best regenerative potential.
The role of cause involvement, attitude toward cause-related marketing and perceived motivations in predicting consumers’ intentions to participate in a CRM campaign

Although cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns can result in positive responses from consumers and increased purchase intentions (Gupta & Pirsch, 2006), in recent years there has been a backlash towards these campaigns. Critics of CRM question the transparency of the alliance and whether the firm is partnering with the cause to help it (other-serving motivations) or to simply increase their profits (self-serving motivations). As consumers are exposed to CRM on store shelves and in the media, they form their attitude toward CRM.
The Life Span of Patients with Primary (AL) Amyloidosis and the Effect of Colchicine Treatment

There is no specific treatment for any variety of amyloidosis [1]. Primary (AL) amyloidosis, now the more commonly seen form of the disorder, usually has a poor prognosis and short life expectancy [2]. Colchicine, which effectively prevents acute fibril attacks in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a condition that predisposes to amyloidosis, has been shown to block amyloid production in the mouse model [3,4]. In addition, reports indicate that patients with FMF receiving colchicine no longer develop amyloidosis and suggest improvement in some amyloidotic patients with this form of AA amyloid [5, 6].
Children’s Reactions to Imagery Experiences

Mental imagery and relaxation have been used in academic settings. One use of mental imagery has been to help students learn a concept like “circulatory system” by using an imaginary trip through the system. Mental imagery has been used as a readiness activity to prepare students for the academic day. Two ways this can be done are to have the student imagining himself or herself as a competent student, and practicing the ability to concentrate using an imagery activity. Stimulating creativity has been another use of mental imagery. For instance, mental imagery exercises have been used to precede brainstorming sessions. Another example of mental imagery in the classroom has been using transpersonal experiences to provide opportunities for students to improve communication skills.
Bioactive Carboxylic Acid Polyanions

Synthetic polymers with carboxylic acid functionality have been found to elicit a broad range of biological activity. Among these activities are inhibitory effects against tumors, viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The distribution of these polymers, by 14C studies, indicate that they are oriented to the reticuloendothelial system. The mode of antitumor activation is related to their ability to activate a population of macrophage cells. The unique aspect of these polycarboxylic acid polymer-activated macrophages is that they become cytotoxic or cytostatic for tumor cells, such as Lewis lung and Ehrlich ascites, while they have no apparent effect on normal cell populations. Cell cycle analysis shows that polycarboxylic acid-activated macrophages shift the cellular population from the DNA synthesis and division phases to the resting phase. Clinical studies of these types of polymers have only been reported for the phase I program.
Design automation and testing of monolithic 3D ICs: opportunities, challenges, and solutions

Monolithic 3D ICs (M3D) are fabricated using a sequential process that grows new device and interconnect tiers in a bottom-up fashion. This fabrication process is in contrast to through-silicon via (TSV) technology that aligns and bonds pre-built tiers. M3D offers key advantages over TSVs, including (1) orders-of-magnitude smaller inter-tier vias, (2) no need for high alignment accuracy, (3) finer-grained tier partitioning options, etc. Recent studies have shown power, performance, area, and reliability (PPAR) advantages of M3D over TSV. However, M3D also suffers from its own problems, including (1) device and interconnect performance mismatch between tiers, (2) lack of EDA solutions, (3) testing challenges, (4) cost, etc. Research efforts have also been made to model and mitigate the impact of these undesirable characteristics of M3D. We will provide a survey of work that address the above issues and conclude with future directions.
Integrating Health Care Interpreters Into Simulation Education

Abstract Patients with limited English proficiency skills are accessing health care services more frequently around the world. Language barriers increase patient vulnerability for adverse events, and health care interpreters may mitigate this risk. Nursing education regarding the effective and appropriate use of health care interpreters has been limited. Interpreters are natural partners for nurses as a strategy to bridge language barriers with patients and could be integrated more regularly into nursing education using clinical simulation strategies. This article offers an overview of the different types of interpreters in health care, proposes recommendations for integrating them into simulation education, and provides a case example to illustrate implementation.
GHF-1, a Tissue-Specific Transcription Factor, is a Homeobox Protein

The growth hormone (GH) gene is uniquely expressed in specialized cells, known as somatotropes, in the anterior pituitary. Previous analysis has shown that the difference between GH gene activity in somatotropes and hepatocytes exceeds 108-fold (Ivarie et al, 1983). To achieve this level of control, a highly specific mechanism should restrict GH expression to the correct cell type. The GH-expressing somatotrope is derived from an acidophylic stem cell that appears during the ontogeny of the anterior pituitary which also gives rise to the prolactin (PRL)-expressing lactotrope (Chatelain et al., 1979). It is generally accepted that during development and differentiation of the rat pituitary, the acidophylic stem cell first gives rise to somatotropes (GH+, PRL−), which in turn give rise to additional somatotropes and to mammosomatotropes (GH+, PRL+). These latter cells are the major precursors of lactotropes (GH−, PRL+), the last cell type to appear along this lineage (Hoeffler et al., 1985; Behringer et al., 1988). Various data indicate the existence of a subpopulation of GH+ cells which can switch to PRL+ cells and PRL+ cells which can switch to GH+ cells, under the influence of certain hormones such as estrogens and GH-releasing factor (Leong et al., 1985; Strattmann et al., 1974). The regulation of cell type differentiation in this progressive lineage offers an interesting experimental system for studying the control of cellular differentiation.
Partial Decision Overrides in a Declarative Policy Framework

The ability to specify various policies with different overriding criteria allows for complex sets of sharing policies. This is particularly useful in situations in which data privacy depends on various properties of the data, and complex policies are needed to express the conditions under which data is protected. However, if overriding policy decisions constrain the affected data, decisions from overridden policies should not be suppressed completely, because they can still apply to subsets of the affected data. This article describes how a privacy policy framework can be extended with a mechanism to partially override decisions based on specified constraints. Our solution automatically generates complementary sets of decisions for both the overridden and the complementary, non-overridden subsets of the data, and thus, provides a means to specify a complex policies tailored to specific properties of the protected data.
Genetic engineering and social justice: A reflection on Amartya Sen’s capability approach:

Over the past decades, biomedical researchers have made great progress in finding the treatment for many diseases which have been considered in the past as incurable. The struggle for longevity and...