cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting for variability within map units when linking a pesticide fate model to soil survey

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the probability of exceedance (POE) of the USEPA health advisory level for particular pesticides in groundwater beneath citrus groves in southwestern Florida. The approach included bootstrapping to assess the uncertainty of the model output due to the variability of soil input data; a weather generator to provide daily rainfall amounts; daily evapotranspiration by the Blaney-Criddle (FAO) method; and a program written to compute POE values. Bootstrapping enabled us to assess the uncertainty of soils inputs by generating pseudo-profiles of soils from pedon characterization data. These pseudo-profiles were used in Monte Carlo simulations that captured the variance of selected soil parameters within soil taxonomic units. Single-name map units (i.e., consociations) were represented by no fewer than three actual pedon characterization data sets for the named soil and/or closely similar soil(s). In the case of a multiple-name map unit (i.e., soil association or soil complex), no fewer than three actual pedons of named and/or similar soils were used to generate pseudo-profiles for each of the named soils in the map unit. Inputs were linked to the pesticide fate model Chemical Movement in Layered Soil, CMLS (Nofziger and Hornsby) to produce cumulative probability curves showing the fraction of applied pesticide leaching below the 1-m depth. This curve was then used to determine the POE for various soil delineations in the groves within the watershed. Multiple POEs were generated for multiple-named map units; the rule was to select the higher(est) POE value as an estimator of environmental risk for each such map unit. Thematic maps are then created using soil and land use coverages and POE's for various pesticides evaluated. Our approach suggests that the use of cumulative probability functions and probabilities of exceedance of health standards (USEPA HAL) provides needed integration of the uncertainties associated with input parameters, the significance of which can be easily grasped by decision officials. The use of environmental fate models to predict pesticide behavior in soils throughout a landscape has brought about intense scrutiny of soil attribute data and map unit delineations far beyond that envisioned for the present progressive soil survey. The authors also recognize that uncertainties in model formulation, pesticide fate parameters and toxicity further complicate assessments of this nature.
Forage and Energy Sorghum Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization in Central and Southern Illinois

Recently introduced forage and energy sorghums (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) have potential as cellulosic biofuel feedstocks in the Midwest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of N fertilization on biomass yield and to determine the relationship between biomass yield and plant height, leaf development, and leaf area index (LAI) on two forage and two energy sorghum hybrids in four central and southern Illinois (IL) environments. Sorghum hybrids were evaluated in Urbana in 2009 under four N rates and in Urbana, Dixon Springs, and Perry in 2010 under five N rates. Forage sorghums harvested twice (summer and fall) annually produced less biomass than the energy sorghums harvested once in the fall both in 2009 and 2010. Averaged across all environments in 2010, maximum biomass yields were 30.1 Mg DM ha–1 for the energy sorghums and 19.2 Mg DM ha–1 for the forage sorghums at the 224 kg N ha–1 application rate. Biomass yields, LAI, and plant-height responses to N applications were observed up to 150 kg N ha–1 in 2009 and up to 224 kg N ha–1 in 2010. Leaf development was linearly related to growing-degree days and the average number of fully expanded leaves on the energy sorghum reached 28 in Perry-10 with the longest growing season. Photoperiod-sensitive energy and forage sorghums have potential in central and southern IL as bioenergy feedstocks because these grasses continue vegetative growth until late September, and therefore, produce large amounts of biomass
Seven Single Beam Projects

A curriculum for beginning holography classes is presented, consisting of seven different types of holograms, requiring no more equipment than a laser, beamspreader, and a mirror. Of these seven holograms, three are white light viewable, and two of these are image plane types. In addition to the software, hardware in the form of a novel isolation device dubbed the "Big Beam" is described.
The National Ignition Facility 2007 laser performance status

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contains a 192-beam 3.6 MJ neodymium glass laser that is frequency converted to 351nm light. It has been designed to support high energy density science (HEDS), including the demonstration of fusion ignition through Inertial Confinement. To meet this goal, laser design criteria include the ability to generate pulses of up to 1.8-MJ total energy at 351nm, with peak power of 500 TW and precisely-controlled temporal pulse shapes spanning two orders of magnitude. The focal spot fluence distribution of these pulses is conditioned, through a combination of special optics in the 1ω (1053 nm) portion of the laser (continuous phase plates), smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), and the overlapping of multiple beams with orthogonal polarization (polarization smoothing). In 2006 and 2007, a series of measurements were performed on the NIF laser, at both 1ω and 3ω (351 nm). When scaled to full 192-beam operation, these results lend confidence to the claim that NIF will meet its laser performance design criteria and that it will be able to simultaneously deliver the temporal pulse shaping, focal spot conditioning, peak power, shot-to-shot reproducibility, and power balance requirements of indirect-drive fusion ignition campaigns. We discuss the plans and status of NIF's commissioning, and the nature and results of these measurement campaigns.
The Spatial Vision Tree: A Generic Pattern Recognition Engine- Scientific Foundations, Design Principles, and Preliminary Tree Design

New foundational ideas are used to define a novel approach to generic visual pattern recognition. These ideas proceed from the starting point of the intrinsic equivalence of noise reduction and pattern recognition when noise reduction is taken to its theoretical limit of explicit matched filtering. This led us to think of the logical extension of sparse coding using basis function transforms for both de-noising and pattern recognition to the full pattern specificity of a lexicon of matched filter pattern templates. A key hypothesis is that such a lexicon can be constructed and is, in fact, a generic visual alphabet of spatial vision. Hence it provides a tractable solution for the design of a generic pattern recognition engine. Here we present the key scientific ideas, the basic design principles which emerge from these ideas, and a preliminary design of the Spatial Vision Tree (SVT). The latter is based upon a cryptographic approach whereby we measure a large aggregate estimate of the frequency of occurrence (FOO) for each pattern. These distributions are employed together with Hamming distance criteria to design a two-tier tree. Then using information theory, these same FOO distributions are used to define a precise method for pattern representation. Finally the experimental performance of the preliminary SVT on computer generated test images and complex natural images is assessed.
Demographic correlates of fatigue in the US general population: Results from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) initiative

Objective To investigate demographic correlates of fatigue in the US general population using a new instrument developed by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS). First, we examined correlations between the new PROMIS instrument and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) and the SF-36v2 Vitality subscale. Based on prior findings, we further examined several demographic correlates of fatigue: whether women would report higher levels of fatigue compared to men, and whether married people would experience lower levels of fatigue compared to unmarried people. We also explored the relationship between age, education, and fatigue.
Spine development in the rotifer Keratella cochlearis: induction by cyclopoid copepods and Asplanchna

SUMMARY. 1. Spine development in a clone of unspined Keratella cochlearis was promoted by a water soluble factor released by the copepods Tropocyclops prasinus and Mesocyclops edax and by the predatory rotifer Asplanchna priodonta. Between 9 and 55% of K. cochlearis populations cultured in predator-conditioned media responded to the inducing chemical. 2. The K. cochlearis form possessing a posterior spine of medium length was much less susceptible to predation by small Tropocylops and Asplanchna than the form lacking the posterior spine. These predators consistently selected the unspined form over the spined form when offered equal densities of each. However, both spined and unspined forms were equally susceptible to predation by large Mesocyclops. 3. The phenotypic variation of offspring produced from induced unspined Keratella females encompassed much of the variation reported for the taxon in North America. These morphotypes are similar to the variation of forms reported for the K. cochlearis tecta series known from Europe. We suggest that the North American morphotypes be identified in studies of this species because the presence of the posterior spine can greatly affect predator selectivity.
Why I Study the History of Mathematics

I was inspired to study the history of mathematics by my doctoral dissertation advisor Dr. Charles (Charlie) E. Aull. This is one of the many benefits which my mathematical father has given me (one of the others being the joy of researching both history and mathematics). I can remember that during my three years at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (and State University) history was always on Charlie’s mind — which is probably one of the reasons that we used Topological Structures by Wolfgang Thron as our textbook (probably the other being that Thron is my mathematical grandfather). This provided my introduction into the history of general topology and began my acquaintanceship with the lives and works of Pavel Sergeevich Alexandroffl and Pavel Samuelovich Urysohn. Charlie told me that Alexandroff wanted to have the Memoirs on compact topological spaces translated into English. Acquiring a copy of the original French version, I did so — only to learn later that it was the 1971 Russian version with its voluminous footnotes which Alexandroff wanted translated. This became a project which necessitated my learning to read (and speak, albeit poorly) Russian.
An unusual rearrangement of an acyl azide

Abstract Benznorcaradienycarbonyl azide (from naphthalene and methyl diazoacetate by known or unexceptional steps) decomposes on heating with benzyl alcohol in benzene to nitrogen and C 19 H 17 NO 2 (I). It is clear, from the fact that carbon dioxide is not evolved in the hydroxide-catalyzed cleavage to benzyl alcohol and C 12 H 11 NO 2 (II), that (I) is not a urethane, but a product of unexpected structure. By degradative and analytical methods and by independent synthesis, we have assigned the structure 2-benzyloxy-6:7-benzo-3-aza bicyclo [3.2.2] nona-6:8-diene-4-one to (I) (Chart 2). To our knowledge, no similar rearrangement during a Curtius reaction is recorded.
The Effects of Independent Expert Recommendations on Juror Judgments of Auditor Negligence

SUMMARY: Audit firms claim that they are subject to unreasonable litigation risk and that legal reforms are needed. One frequently proposed reform is to utilize independent (i.e., court-appointed) experts to examine case facts and provide recommendations to the court. This study provides theory and evidence to examine the general effects of such recommendations on jurors' judgments and, also, more specifically, to inform critics' concerns that jurors will merely “rubber stamp” independent experts' recommendations. Results of an experiment indicate that independent experts' recommendations shift jurors' judgments in the direction of the recommendation, but that such effects depend on jurors' perceptions of the experts' credibility. Further, consistent with critics' concerns, independent experts' recommendations reduce jurors' sensitivity to specific case facts in some, but not all, contexts. Specifically, when the experts conclude that the auditors were negligent, jurors' negligence judgments are insensiti...
It's Hard Work Learning Soft Skills: Can Client Based Projects Teach the Soft Skills Students Need and Employers Want?.

The importance of business relevance in academia coupled with an increasingly challenging job market magnifies the importance for students to be better prepared for the marketplace. Client-based projects have been lauded for helping students gain the soft skills employers look for in entry-level employees, but little research supports this premise. This study discusses how students improved their soft skill sets, ultimately preparing them for career entry by working with business clients. This study demonstrates students benefit by not only applying the theories of marketing to a practical activity, but also by providing an opportunity to develop the skill sets needed to transition their careers.
Hydrocephalic Parkinsonism: lessons from normal pressure hydrocephalus mimics.

Hydrocephalus is an under-recognized presentation of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We describe four normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)-like presentations of pathology-proven PSP (n = 3) and DLB (n = 1) and review the literature on the hydrocephalic presentation of these atypical parkinsonisms. Despite the presence of ventriculomegaly disproportionate to the extent of parenchymal atrophy, all patients demonstrated early postural impairment and/or oculomotor abnormalities that encouraged a diagnostic revision. Hallucinations were the only early atypical manifestation of the hydrocephalic DLB presentation. Early postural impairment, falls, oculomotor impairment, and/or hallucinations are inconsistent with the diagnosis of NPH and suggest PSP or DLB as the underlying NPH mimic. We postulate that previously reported cases of “dual” pathology (e.g., NPH and PSP) actually represent the hydrocephalic presentation of selected neurodegenerative disorders.
Survival of Hepatitis C Virus in Syringes Is Dependent on the Design of the Syringe-Needle and Dead Space Volume

Background Many people who inject drugs (PWID) use syringes with detachable needles, which have high dead space (HDS). Contaminated HDS blood may substantially contribute to the transmission of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and other blood-borne viruses within this population. Newly designed low dead space (LDS) syringe-needle combinations seek to reduce blood-borne virus transmission among PWID. We evaluated the infectivity of HCV-contaminated residual volumes recovered from two LDS syringe-needle combinations.
Thermochemistry of double carbonates in the K 2 CO 3 -CaCO 3 system

Enthalpies of formation, DHf, of the double carbonates K2Ca(CO3)2 (with two poly- morphs, butschliite and fairchildite) and K 2Ca2(CO3)3 from the components K2CO3 and CaCO3 were determined at 298 K by drop solution calorimetry in molten 2PbO·B2O3 at 974 K. The enthalpies of formation were 238.7 6 3.2 kJ/mol for butschliite, 25.1 6 3.3 kJ/mol for fairchildite and 27.2 6 5.8 kJ/mol for K2Ca2(CO3)3. The entropy changes for the formation, DSf, were also evaluated for the double carbonates. Assuming DSf(butschliite)5 0, because of its ordered structure, the entropy of formation of fairchild- ite is 40.9 6 5.1 J/mol·K and of K2Ca2(CO3)3 is 39.4 6 7.3 J/mol·K.
Selective Regulation of TrkA and TrkB Receptors by Retinoic Acid and Interferon-γ in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

Trk receptors are a family of genes implicated in the survival, differentiation, and growth of certain neurons and tumors of the nervous system. A better understanding of the regulation of Trk receptors is relevant for developmental and oncological studies. Human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines constitutively express low levels of TrkA mRNA, while TrkB mRNA is not readily detectable. Differentiation of NB cells is accompanied by a differential modulation of Trk expression in human NB cells. Nanomolar concentrations of RA induce a stable increase of TrkB mRNA. A transient induction of TrkA mRNA levels requires micromolar concentrations of RA. Induction of both TrkA and TrkB mRNA does not require new protein synthesis. However, RA-induced TrkB mRNA expression is transcriptionally regulated, while the transient RA-induced increase of TrkA mRNA is a consequence of extended mRNA stability. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) selectively increases TrkA mRNA without affecting TrkB mRNA levels. Similar to RA, IFN-γ does not modify the transcriptional rate of TrkA mRNA, but rather increases TrkA mRNA stability. Thus, RA and IFN-γ differentially regulate TrkA or TrkB expression in the same cell type by predominantly transcriptional (TrkB) or post transcriptional (TrkA) mechanisms. Such experiments indicate the complexity of Trk mRNA regulation and also indicate compounds that may affect neurotrophin responsiveness in developing neural cells.
Mapping of Sabah Islands using Airborne Hyperspectrometer

Human recreational activities and tourism are concentrated on the islands and in coastal waters, often depending on the maintenance of high water quality. The managing of impacts of urbanization and industrialization on the coastal zone ecology has become a high priority for many nations such as Malaysia and, hence, the need to develop better methods for monitoring and predicting change in islands and their coastal systems. Many of the dynamics of the open ocean, islands and changes in their coastal areas can be mapped and monitored using remote sensing techniques. Hyperspectral imaging is a tool that can provide an increasing number of marine and coastal properties over a spatial and temporal range. The remote-sensing measurements of some selected Sabah islands and their coastal waters were collected using a 4 kg “bread-box” sized UPM-APSB’s AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectroradiometer for different Applications) airborne spectrographic imager where it was flown over the islands of Bohey, Mabul, Pom-Pom, Kulapuan, Omadal and Larapan study areas as part of the 2004 Sabah’s “Ops Pasir” inaugural flight experiment in Sabah on July 13, 2004. The purpose of the study was to determine the current capabilities of a locally developed UPM-APSB’s AISA airborne hyperspectral remote sensing applications to operationally map and monitor the islands in Sabah and observe the status of their coastal waters and reef environment. The airborne data were pre-processed on-board a fixed wing aircraft and later processed using spectral end member during the advance digital processing techniques. AISA AeroMAP TM research products showed that the current technology did a good job of conveying spatial variability of the parameters being tested such as human activities and impact, presence of fishing boats, coral reef, near shore shallow bathymetry, shoreline features and coastal vegetation.
Photodissociation Dynamics of Gas-Phase BrICl- and IBr2- Anions

This work is the first study of mixed trihalide anions in the gas phase. We report the photochemistry and photodissociation dynamics of BrICl - and IBr2 - anions near 400 nm. For BrICl - , two major photodissociation channels yielding IBr - and ICl - products are observed. The photodissociation of IBr2 - yields primarily IBr anion products. No BrCl - and Br2 - fragments are formed from BrICl - and IBr2 - , respectively, and the parent anions are ascribed linear [Br-I-Cl] - and [Br-I-Br] - structures, in agreement with ab initio calculations. The IBr - and ICl - products are produced in highly vibrationally excited states. We observe fragment vibrational coherence in femtosecond pump-probe measurements by probing nascent IBr - via its photodissociation to I - + Br. The IBr - vibrational periods observed in the photodissociation of BrICl - correspond to excitations of 80% of the IBr - dissociation energy (Do). In IBr2 - dissociation, the average vibrational excitation of IBr - is 84-91% of Do. The high degrees of vibrational excitation raise questions about the effect of the proximity to the dissociation threshold on the dynamics of coherent wave packets. We analyze these dynamics analytically and by means of wave packet simulations and observe smearing of expected wave packet revivals.
Framework for the design and analysis of large scale material handling systems

Automated material handling systems have become an integral part of handling and storage applications in many manufacturing and logistics sectors. The purported benefits of cost effectiveness and efficient operation have resulted in widespread acceptance of this equipment in industry. A tremendous amount of research during the last decade has focused on studying the design and control problems associated with automated material handling systems. The research focus has been on problems of "manageable" size and complexity, while a large number of applications exist in which simulation is the only method for tackling the design and control issues. This discussion is motivated by applications which indicate the need for new methodologies for handling large scale problems. The design constraints imposed by large scale systems and possible solution approaches for choosing the type of material handling equipment are presented in this paper. Simulation is introduced as a feasible, inclusive, and cost-effective means of evaluating alternative solution approaches and equipment components.
The Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche

In recent years, it has become generally accepted that the corneal epithelial stem cells are localized in the basal cell layer of the limbal epithelium. However, a number of questions remain regarding the number, markers, generation, and maintenance of the corneal epithelial stem cells. One of the key questions concerns what makes up the microenvironment or niche that is responsible for allowing the stem cells to remain and function throughout the life of the tissue. This review will consider the unique aspects of the limbus and compare these to what is known about other stem cell niches.
Coverslip hypoxia: a novel method for studying cardiac myocyte hypoxia and ischemia in vitro

In vitro experimental models designed to study the effects of hypoxia and ischemia typically employ oxygen-depleted media and/or hypoxic chambers. These approaches, however, allow for metabolites to diffuse away into a large volume and may not replicate the high local concentrations that occur in ischemic myocardium in vivo. We describe herein a novel and simple method for creating regional hypoxic and ischemic conditions in neonatal rat cardiac myocyte monolayers. This method consists of creating a localized diffusion barrier by placing a glass coverslip over a portion of the monolayer. The coverslip restricts covered myocytes to a thin film of media while leaving uncovered myocytes free to access the surrounding bulk media volume. Myocytes under the coverslip undergo marked morphology changes over time as assessed by video microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy shows that these changes are accompanied by alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane dynamics and eventually result in myocyte death. We also show that the metabolic activity of myocytes drives cell necrosis under the coverslip. In addition, the intracellular pH of synchronously contracting myocytes under the coverslip drops rapidly, which further implicates metabolic activity in regulating cell death under the coverslip. In contrast with existing models of hypoxia/ischemia, this technique provides a simple and effective way to create hypoxic/ischemic conditions in vitro. Moreover, we conclude that myocyte death is hastened by the combination of hypoxia, metabolites, and acidosis and is facilitated by a reduction in media volume, which may better represent ischemic conditions in vivo.
The optically determined corneal and anterior chamber volumes of the cynomolgus monkey

We described an optical method of measuring corneal volume and employed the optical method of Johnson et al. for measuring the volume of the anterior chamber in cynomolgus monkey. In 12 normal monkey eyes, the corneal volume was found to be 40.4 ± 2.3 ul (mean ± S.E.) and the anterior chamber volume was 101.8 ±4.2 ul (mean ± S.E.).
Deposition of barium potassium bismuth oxide (BKBO) thin films by laser ablation

High-transition-temperature barium potassium bismuth oxide (BKBO) thin films have been deposited by pulsed-laser ablation. The best results were obtained by ablating from a potassium-rich single target in a pure argon background onto [100] SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates. Films with superconducting onset and zero-resistance temperatures of 28.5 and 27.5 K, respectively, were routinely obtained, with room-temperature resistivity as low as 250 mu Omega -cm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the films were single crystal and epitaxially oriented in the [100] direction. X-ray rocking curves of the BKBO [200] reflection revealed a full width at half maximum of approximately 0.7 degrees Delta theta and indicated that the BKBO [100] lattice direction was misoriented with respect to that of the SrTiO/sub 3/ substrate by 0.13 degrees . >
The sustainable information technology ecosystem

The information technology industry, and consumers of the products and services stemming from the industry, has benefited from rapidly increasing computational performance for all classes of devices over the past several decades. With increased performance, the industry has also experienced a sharp increase in device-level energy consumption and power density. These trends are expected to result in a decline of fully passive thermal management solutions in favor of active solutions. However, fully active solutions will further tax energy resources and are therefore not in the best interest of the IT industry nor the consumer. In this paper, we postulate that the management of available energy as a key resource throughout the IT ecosystem, from hand held devices through data centers, will be a requirement from an economic and sustainability standpoint. We propose that hybrid active-passive solutions with rich sensor networks and multi-tiered management systems that can be scaled across the ecosystem, are required to meet future power dissipation needs while also addressing sustainability concerns. The paper will provide such examples that will span the IT spectrum and consider both the supply side and the demand side aspects of the proposed solutions.
Phase-locked vocoder

The phase vocoder is widely used to provide high-fidelity time stretching or contraction of audio signals such as speech or monophonic musical passages. Two problems bedevil the reconstructive phase of this technique. First, the frequency estimate is usually multi-valued and one does not know how to choose which of the possible frequencies given by the analysis to use in resynthesis. Second, a sinusoidal component in the incoming sound always excites several channels of the analysis; the reconstructed sine waves can interfere with each other, giving rise to a reverberant sound. An improved formulation of the phase vocoder is proposed for which the first difficulty does not arise; and a means of phase-locking adjacent channels of the resynthesis is proposed which alleviates the second one.
Fireside Corrosion in Oxy-fuel Combustion of Coal

Oxy-fuel combustion is burning a fuel in oxygen rather than air for ease of capture of CO2 from for reuse or sequestration. Corrosion issues associated with the environment change (replacement of much of the N2 with CO2 and higher sulfur levels) from air- to oxy-firing were examined. Alloys studied included model Fe–Cr alloys and commercial ferritic steels, austenitic steels, and nickel base superalloys. The corrosion behavior is described in terms of corrosion rates, scale morphologies, and scale/ash interactions for the different environmental conditions. Evidence was found for a threshold for severe attack between 10−4 and 10−3 atm of SO3 at 700 °C.
Occurrence of Wolbachia in Selected Diabroticite (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Beetles

Wolbachia are a rickettsial type bacteria that have been implicated as a cause of reproductive disruption and alteration in many insect species. Polymerase chain reaction assays of the 16S rRNA gene were conducted to reveal the prevalence of Wolbachia in 14 Diabroticite species, 12 Diabrotica, and two Acalymma. Assays revealed the presence of Wolbachia infection in three Diabrotica species; D. virgifera virgifera LeConte (all 40 individuals), D. cristata (Harris) (three of 25 individuals), D. lemniscata LeConte (all 20 individuals), and the two Acalymma species, A. blandulum (LeConte) (all 20 individuals), A. vittatum (F.) (one of 20 individuals). The identity of the Wolbachia strain was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA and ftsZ genes as well as a restriction enzyme digest of the ftsZ gene. Distances and neighbor-joining trees on the Kimura 2-parameter measure as well as BlastN searches in GenBank revealed that the strain of Wolbachia infecting D. lemniscata, D. v. virgifera, A. blandulum, and A. vittatum are most likely the same strain of Wolbachia within the division A group. The strain of Wolbachia infecting D. cristata also clusters within the A group, but it is different from that found in the other four Diabroticites. Implications of these infections are also discussed.
Fractional Synthesis Rates of DNA and Protein in Rabbit Skin Are Not Correlated

We developed a method for measurement of skin DNA synthesis, reflecting cell division, in conscious rabbits by infusing D-(U- 13 C6)glucose and L-( 15 N)glycine. Cutaneous protein synthesis was simultaneously mea- sured by infusion of L-(ring- 2 H5)phenylalanine. Rabbits were fitted with jugular venous and carotid arterial catheters, and were studied during the infusion of an amino acid solution (10% Travasol). The fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of DNA from the de novo nucleotide synthesis pathway, a reflection of total cell division, was 3.26 0.59%/d in whole skin and 3.08 1.86%/d in dermis (P 0.38). The de novo base synthesis pathway accounted for 76 and 60% of the total DNA FSR in whole skin and dermis, respectively; the contribution from the base salvage pathway was 24% in whole skin and 40% in dermis. The FSR of protein in whole skin was 5.35 4.42%/d, which was greater (P 0.05) than that in dermis (2.91 2.52%/d). The FSRs of DNA and protein were not correlated (P 0.33), indicating that cell division and protein synthesis are likely regulated by different mechanisms. This new approach enables investigations of metabolic disorders of skin diseases and regulation of skin wound healing by distinguishing the 2 principal components of skin metabolism, which are cell division and protein synthesis. J. Nutr. 134: 2401-2406, 2004.
De Copia: On Narcissism, Echo, and the Im-Possible Female Friendship

There are two interrelated questions that I would like to explore in the context of Pleshette DeArmitt’s work. The first one pertains to the intellectual stakes in the eloquent style of her writing, its elegance and playfulness, which accompanies the philosophical order of argumentation. And the second one refers to the issue of female friendship. How can one discuss such friendship without resorting to merely biographical, historical, or autobiographical terms? Yet what kind of philosophical theories of female friendship could I possibly refer to? Perhaps to none. DeArmitt, whose life has created so many friendships, did not live long enough to write about friendship, at least not directly. And yet I would like to suggest that her captivating—the adjective that I use here deliberately—book, The Right to Narcissism: A Case for Im-possible Self-Love, leaves us traces of female friendship in her philosophical argument that narcissistic self-love is inseparable from the love of another.
A Numerical Method for Parameter Estimation in Moving Boundary Problems

Abstract The estimation of unknown parameters in moving boundary problems, especially the Stefan problem, is considered. We discuss two numerical algorithms for approximating the dynamics of moving boundary problems, one in which the boundary location as a function of time is treated as one of the states of the system, and the other in which the boundary is treated as another unknown parameter. We report the results of initial testing of the two resulting parameter estimation algorithms. It appears that one algorithm has advantages in the presence of noisy data.
Modeling the ultrasound backscattered signal using /spl alpha/-stable distributions

The tissue is modeled as a collection of point scatterers embedded in a uniform medium. Drawing parallels from the modeling of radar returns we show that under certain assumptions the backscattered ultrasound rf signal follows a symmetric /spl alpha/-stable distribution. The parameter /spl alpha/ is shown to be related to the tissue density and attenuation. Based on real breast data we verify the theoretically derived model, and demonstrate that model parameters can be used to track tissue structure changes inside the tissue.
Quantifying Distance Overestimation From Global Positioning System in Urban Spaces.

Objectives. To investigate accuracy of distance measures computed from Global Positioning System (GPS) points in New York City.Methods. We performed structured walks along urban streets carrying Globalsat DG-100 GPS Data Logger devices in highest and lowest quartiles of building height and tree canopy cover. We used ArcGIS version 10.1 to select walks and compute the straight-line distance (Geographic Information System–measured) and sum of distances between consecutive GPS waypoints (GPS-measured) for each walk.Results. GPS distance overestimates were associated with building height (median overestimate = 97% for high vs 14% for low building height) and to a lesser extent tree canopy (43% for high vs 28% for low tree canopy).Conclusions. Algorithms using distances between successive GPS points to infer speed or travel mode may misclassify trips differentially by context. Researchers studying urban spaces may prefer alternative mode identification techniques.
Plain Brown Wrapper

This brief article proves to be a cautionary tale about what might happen when you sell items on the Internet that you haven't bothered to research first. In this instance, it was a book with a questionable past which had on the cover a photograph of a person, the book having been photographed by the seller in order to create the Internet sales listing. The person on the cover of the book sued the seller's ISP claiming violation of her right of publicity, civil theft and invasion of privacy. This was after the sales photo in question was removed at the request of this same person. The author goes on to explain further the details the case.
Probabilistic layer identification in a multi-layer fast timing detector for time-of-flight PET using machine learning

This work presents an effective algorithm to identify crystal element positions for the design and operation of practical PET imaging detectors capable of achieving both excellent time resolution required for time-of-flight (ToF) and depth-of-Interaction (DoI) information. The detector unit consists of a dual layer (LYSO:Ce and LSO:Ce,Ca(0.4%)) stack of two 3×3×10 mm3 crystals, 1∶1 coupled to SiPM arrays. Features of energy, crossover time metric, and a probability density estimation based unsupervised machine learning approach have been used for identification of in which layer a 511 KeV photon interacts. A global coincidence time resolution of 224 ps and a 91% layer identification accuracy has been achieved.
Notes on the Pupae of Some Ethiopian Species of Tabanidae (Diptera)

Descriptions are given of the pupae of 5 Ethiopian species of Tabanidae, Sphecodemyia lamborni Austen, Thaumastocera akwa Grunberg, Ancala fasciata Fabricius, Tabamis gratus Loew, and T. thoracinus Palisot.
Neotropical Ascomycetes 8. New species of Lasiosphaeriella

AbstractLasiosphaeriella nitida sp. nov., L. pruinosa sp. nov., and L. pseudo-bombarda comb, nov., are described and compared with the other two species in the genus, L. noonae-daniae and L. dennis...
Site-Selective Excitation of “Exciplex Tuning” for Luminescent Nanoclusters of Dicyanoargentate(I) Ions Doped in Different Alkali Halide Crystals

Luminescent nanoclusters of linear dicyanoargentate(I) ions doped in different alkali halide single crystals (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and KCl) have been investigated. Site-selective excitation of the different nanoclusters results in the appearance of emission bands which are assigned to different luminescent {[Ag(CN)2]−}n nanoclusters in the host lattices. The nanoclusters of [Ag(CN)2]− in the alkali halides display energy tunability over a wide wavelength interval. The ab initio DFT calculations show that for nanoclusters, the first excited state has a deeper potential and shorter internuclear separation than the nanocluster ground state, indicative of excimer/exciplex behavior. Molecular modeling indicates how the distribution of nanoclusters varies with the host lattice. This emission energy tunability makes these systems attractive candidates for potential applications, such as tunable solid state lasers, photocatalysts, and photosensitizers for water splitting.
CHAPTER 23:Selenium and Skin Cancer

Melanoma and the nonmelanoma skin cancers arise from normal cells in the epithelial layer of the skin. Risk factors for skin cancers are complex and involve numerous inherited, environmental, and biological factors including selenoproteins that are involved in the response of the skin to UV-induced oxidative stress. Results from epidemiological studies of dietary, environmental, and supplemental sources of selenium suggest that in some cases selenium reduces, but in other cases increases, the risk for skin cancer in humans. Studies in model systems using compounds that can enter the “central selenium pool”, thereby supporting the synthesis of selenoproteins, have also been mixed. It seems likely that there is a U-shaped curve for selenium intake and skin cancer risk, where the risk is highest at both deficient (<20 µg per day) and supranutritional levels.
Personalized Technologies in Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders: Self-monitoring and Remote Sensor Technologies

With increased access to high-speed Internet and smartphone devices, patients have started to use mobile applications (apps) for various health needs. These mobile apps are now increasingly used in integration with telemedicine and wearables to support fitness, health education, symptom tracking, and collaborative disease management and care coordination. More recently, evidence (especially around remote patient monitoring) has started to build in some chronic diseases, and some of the digital health technologies have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration. With the changing healthcare landscape and push for value-based care, adoption of these digital health initiatives among providers is bound to increase. Although so far there is a dearth of published evidence about effectiveness of these apps in gastroenterology care, there are ongoing trials to determine whether remote patient monitoring can lead to improvement in process metrics or outcome metrics for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
The Influence of Wind Turbine Transformer on Low Voltage Ride Through Behavior of Wind Turbine

Low voltage ride through(LVRT) behavior is one of the key indices of wind turbine grid-integration evalua-tion.The key electric components of wind turbine,such as converter,control system,pitch system are researched and analyzed wide spread as they have important influence on the LVRT ability of wind turbine.However,recently single wind turbine connected into grid with a transformer,the influence of wind turbine transformer on LVRT behavior of wind turbine is also non-ignorable.The influence of voltage dip on wind turbine transformer is analyzed and then non-linear voltage output characteristic of wind turbine transformer during voltage dip are presented.Finally,the important influence of wind turbine transformer on LVRT behavior of wind turbine is verified by on-site testing.
Discuss the Construction of the Wisdom Mine

The wisdom mine is developed on the basis of the digital mine,which is the future development direction of mine.Through the definition of the wisdom mine,the paper briefly states main content,system and analysis of the main characteristics of the wisdom mine.Describes the wisdom mine operation and management,discusses the importance of wisdom mine construction of future mining development in our country.
Correlation of Personality Traits with Parental Rearing Patterns in Adolescents with Depression

Objective To investigate the relationship between personality traits and parental rearing patterns in adolescents with depression.Methods Seventy depressive adolescents who accorded with the diagnostic criteria of CCMD-Ⅲ(depression group) and 70 healthy adolescents(control group) were tested with Chinese version of egma minnenav bardndasnauppforstran(EMBU) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ).Results Compared with the control group,the parents of depressive adolescents showed low emotional warmth and understanding,high stringent criterion,and rejection and denial(P0.05).Personality traits of depressive adolescents were characterized by high neuroticism and introversion(P0.05).Conclusion The personality deficiency of depressive adolescents is notably correlated with parental rearing patterns.
Policy Agriculture Insurance Can't Be Switched on Without the Support of Policy

A new trial and investigation of agriculture insurance has been done for two years,which was actively urged by China's Insurance Regulatory Committee.Three agriculture insurance companies are admitted to be founded.But the promotion of trial has confronted with terrribly big difficulty,and the development of business has not been so good as expectation.The key to the situation is that governments have not taken real action yet.The first demand for agriculture insurance comes from the governments,and the demand of the governments can not be turned into real and valid demand,therefore,agriculture insurance cannot be developed if policy insurance is not to be supported by "Policy".
Utility of a human FcRn transgenic mouse model in drug discovery for early assessment and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies

Therapeutic antibodies continue to develop as an emerging drug class, with a need for preclinical tools to better predict in vivo characteristics. Transgenic mice expressing human neonatal Fc receptor (hFcRn) have potential as a preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) model to project human PK of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Using a panel of 27 mAbs with a broad PK range, we sought to characterize and establish utility of this preclinical animal model and provide guidance for its application in drug development of mAbs. This set of mAbs was administered to both hemizygous and homozygous hFcRn transgenic mice (Tg32) at a single intravenous dose, and PK parameters were derived. Higher hFcRn protein tissue expression was confirmed by liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry in Tg32 homozygous versus hemizygous mice. Clearance (CL) was calculated using non-compartmental analysis and correlations were assessed to historical data in wild-type mouse, non-human primate (NHP), and human. Results show that mAb CL in hFcRn Tg32 homozygous mouse correlate with human (r(2) = 0.83, r = 0.91, p < 0.01) better than NHP (r(2) = 0.67, r = 0.82, p < 0.01) for this dataset. Applying simple allometric scaling using an empirically derived best-fit exponent of 0.93 enabled the prediction of human CL from the Tg32 homozygous mouse within 2-fold error for 100% of mAbs tested. Implementing the Tg32 homozygous mouse model in discovery and preclinical drug development to predict human CL may result in an overall decreased usage of monkeys for PK studies, enhancement of the early selection of lead molecules, and ultimately a decrease in the time for a drug candidate to reach the clinic.
Signals, Systems, and Environment in Industrial Food Production

This paper explores characteristics of the “alternative medicine” or ecological paradigm and some of its implications for health po9licies. This paradigm suggests that many degenerative diseases (including cancer) are "caused" or accellerated by the building of industrial toxins and that effective public policies should encourage wholistic preventative changes, including in food and water systems, rather than primarily addressing symptoms. Key Words: disease, health, industrialization, pollution, ecology, alternative medicine, ecological pressure, health policy.
SCHWEITZER AND AFRICA

This work analyses Albert Schweitzer's complex relationship to Africa, and places him within the context of medical missionizing. Although he worked in Africa for over fifty years, Schweitzer was strangely indifferent to the continent's culture. Unlike his fellow missionaries, he never learned native languages, and his service was primarily grounded in a Nietzschean rejection of European conventionalities and a desire to develop his unique ‘ethical personality’. Schweitzer's self-belief enabled him to create a village-hospital where the sick could come with their families for treatment and refuge, and contributed to his idea of the ‘reverence for life’, a secularized ethics of compassion and environmental protection that made him famous in the West. The village-hospital enabled him to tend the sick more effectively, but after the First World War it became more hierarchical and de-personalized. Schweitzer's missionary experiment in Lambarene was simultaneously radical and conformist, daring and self-protectively conservative. His desire to serve was as profound as any of his clerical colleagues, but it was built, as will be seen, upon rebellious ethical foundations. Schweitzer stands out not so much for his therapeutic innovations (though these were important), as for his later formulation of a neo-Christian ecologism that assured his fame in Europe and America.
An Intimal Cardiac Sarcoma: First Presented as Intestinal Obstruction

Intimal sarcomas are rare high-grade tumors arising from the tunica intima of large vessels predominantly involving aorta and pulmonary arteries with frequent extravascular metastasis. To our knowledge they show poor prognosis without early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Primary cardiac intimal sarcoma is exceptionally rare and there are fewer than five case reports in the literature. We report a …
Ethics: Taming our technologies

Steven Aftergood weighs up a study that gauges the gap between oversight and the onward rush of innovation.
Overview of Behavioral Economics and Policy

This chapter introduces some of the ethical and practical aspects of behavioral interventions on the part of the government as well as private parties such as individuals and firms. While the subversion of rational processes of deliberation is an important issue to consider with respect to all behavioral interventions, it is the government’s use of these measures to steer people’s choices in their own interests that uniquely invokes the dangers of paternalism and the denial of personal autonomy to pursue one’s idea of the good life. Behavioral interactions that are initiated and directed by decision-makers themselves, however, allow people to make better choices, either by overcoming or by leveraging their cognitive biases and dysfunctions, and more important, to do so in their own true interests.