cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine pitch Copper Pillar interconnection with C4 (Mass Reflow) Processing

Flip chip interconnection design and process capability has been extended with the use of copper pillar, specially for finer pitches, beyond what was possible with area array and standard C4 reflow and solder bumps. Many trends in device packaging are fueling this trend, specially the needs for thin packaging, increased function integration, challenging thermal, mechanical and physical specifications. In terms of processing, devices using Cu Pillar are most commonly assembled using thermo-compression bonding due to sizable challenges in extending the conventional mass reflow solution, typical for solder bumps. TC is specially recommended for handling very thin die in sparse or peripheral bump layouts, which are a predominant share of all devices converting to Cu pillar, where a bonding head is used to both hold the die flat and in true alignment with the substrate while supplying the thermal energy necessary to complete the interconnection. This process most often also requires the use of a non-conductive...
Treatment of melanoma in-transit metastases with combination intralesional interleukin-2, topical imiquimod, and tretinoin 0.1% cream.

The treatment of in-transit and satellite melanoma metastases is challenging. Treatment options for these cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions include surgical excision, radiotherapy, isolated limb infusion/perfusion, electrochemotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy (pulsed dye or carbon dioxide), systemic treatment with interferon-α or interleukin-2 (IL-2), topical imiquimod, dinitrochlorobenzene, and intralesional immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-2, or talimogene laherparepvec.1 Response rates for these therapies are often suboptimal. Topical imiquimod has been used for the treatment of both melanoma in situ (in patients who are either poor surgical candidates or have positive margins after excision) and in-transit metastases.1, 2 There are reports of regression of locoregional melanoma metastases after topical imiquimod to cutaneous lesions.1, 2 Combination therapy using intralesional IL-2 together with topical imiquimod and tretinoin may increase the efficacy of IL-2.3 Here we report the case of a patient with in-transit metastatic melanoma treated with intratumoral IL-2 together with topical imiquimod and tretinoin cream.
Maximum principles and bounds on stress concentration factors in the torsion of grooved shafts of revolution

This paper provides an analytical approach for obtaining bounds for stress concentration factors in the theory of axisymmetric torsion of circumferentially grooved shafts of revolution. The analysis is based on application of maximum principles for linear second-order elliptic partial differential equations. The particular case of a straight shaft with a semi-circular groove is considered in detail. Explicit estimates are obtained and compared with existing results for this problem.
Taxonomic Notes on the Birds of Lord Howe Island

(1941). Taxonomic Notes on the Birds of Lord Howe Island. Emu - Austral Ornithology: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 321-322.
Types of genital prolapse.

When supporting tissues of the birth canal are weakened, genital prolapse may occur. Prolapse is seen as a manifestation of upper vaginal inversion, lower vaginal eversion, or both. The rate of progression may give clues to etiology and prognosis, but the physician must determine the site of primary damage. Only repair of the primary weakness can stem progression and prevent recurrence.
A study of stability and decomposition process of two platinum compounds based on liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method based on liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LC-ICPMS) was established to study the stability and decomposition process of nedaplatin in water,9 g/L NaCl and human plasma.The experiment showed that within 72 h,nedaplatin was stable in water and human plasma but unstable in 9 g/L NaCl.In 9 g/L NaCl,the nedaplatin hydrolysis product was cisplatin.A further method based on size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SEC-ICP-MS) was established to study the stability and decomposition process of cis-diiodo-(1R,2R)-(-)- 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II)(DPI).This method detection limit was 0.4 ng/mL(Pt).The results revealed that DPI was unstable in water,9 g/L NaCl and human plasma.The DPI decomposition process in 9 g/L NaCl was determined by the analysis of platinum species and iodine species simultaneously.
A Neocolonial Warp of Outmoded Hierarchies, Curricula and Disciplinary Technologies in Trinidad’s Educational System

ABSTRACTI reappropriate the image of a space-time warp and its notion of disorientation to argue that colonialism created a warp in Trinidad’s educational system. Through an analysis of school violence and the wider network of structural violence in which it is steeped, I focus on three outmoded aspects as evidence of this warp – hierarchies, curricula and disciplinary technologies – by using data (interviews, documents and observations) from a longitudinal case study at a secondary school in Trinidad. Colonialism was about exclusion, alienation, violence, control and order and this functionalism persists today; I therefore contend that hierarchies, curricula and disciplinary technologies are all enforcers of these tenets of (neo)colonialism in Trinidad’s schools. I conclude with some nascent thoughts on a Systemic Restorative Praxis (SRP) model as a way of destabilizing the warp, by stitching together literature/approaches from systems thinking, restorative justice and Freirean notions of praxis. SRP imp...
Morphological Investigation on Very Low Density Ethylene-Octene Metallocene Copolymers Using SAXS

The most advanced analytical methods currently available for SAXS studies of particle-like systems have been applied to a non-spherulitic very low density ethylene-octene copolymer, useful information being obtained from one dimensional correlation function and direct invariant analyses. The morphological detail emerging from the broadest interpretation of the data presented here is not that of a fringed-micellar system, but is better described as system of plate-like structure of unknown lateral extents. First estimates from a new method for deriving the invariant of the corresponding sharp interface structure render crystal densities in the plates which suggest an “imperfect Swiss cheese-like structure” to the plates. The crystals are approximately 5 nm thick and have interfacial layers which are each about 2-3 nm thick.
Multi-robot coordination through dynamic Voronoi partitioning for informative adaptive sampling in communication-constrained environments

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are cost- and time-efficient systems for environmental sampling. Informative adaptive sampling has been shown to be an effective method of sampling a lake or ocean for environmental modeling. In this paper, we focus on multi-robot coordination for informative adaptive sampling. We use a dynamic Voronoi partitioning approach whereby the vehicles, in a decentralized fashion, repeatedly calculate weighted Voronoi partitions for the space. Each vehicle then runs informative adaptive sampling within their partition. The vehicles can request surfacing events to share data between vehicles. Simulation results show that the addition of the coordination with dynamic Voronoi partitioning results in obtaining higher quality models faster. Thus we created a decentralized, multi-robot coordination approach for informative, adaptive sampling of unknown environments.
Abstract PL02-01: Childhood cancer: Effects of genetic susceptibility and exposures to environmental agents

Childhood cancers tend to be relatively simple in tumor genetic and epigenetic terms, reflecting their short latency of formation their identity as a misappropriation of normal tissue developmental growth pathways. The relatively few identified genetic susceptibility alleles are concentrated in developmental transcription factors and cell cycle genes, and tumor genetic and epigenetic changes tend to disrupt the same genes as found in genome-wide association studies. We will focus our discussion on the most frequent and the most studied childhood cancer, childhood leukemia, and on these topics: (i) the role of fetal tumor genetic and epigenetic alterations in identification of specific risk factors affecting in time windows of development (ii) the role of immune development and infection in cancer induction, and (iii) the impact of genetic variants that induce susceptibility to subtypes of cancer in specific populations. The only bona fide causes of childhood leukemia are ionizing radiation and certain genetic predisposition and susceptibility alleles. Current progress in defining unrecognized causal pathways is being made by defining cancer in cytogenetic and epigenetic terms. As an example, chemical carcinogens (cigarette smoke, paints, solvents) are linked to leukemias with t(12;21) TEL-AML1 translocations, which have a prenatal origin. In genetic susceptibility terms, specific alleles ( ARID5B , PIP4K2A ) are associated leukemia with high hyperdiploidy. While leukemia has long been linked to exposure to infectious agents, our current understanding implicates an interaction between immune development and response to early infections. We will present data showing that children who contract leukemia may be born with a congenital immune defect causing them to react to infections more strongly, resulting in damage to hematopoietic precursors and increased leukemia risk. Recognition of such immune defects, combined with identification of preleukemic mutations and genetic susceptibility markers, provides a likely roadmap for future efforts at early detection or risk stratification. Such an approach can lead to prevention efforts, which might involve immunologic modifications for risk reduction along with screening for appropriate genetic and epigenetic mutations. Citation Format: Joseph L. Wiemels. Childhood cancer: Effects of genetic susceptibility and exposures to environmental agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL02-01.
Phosphite-Mediated Reductive Cross-Coupling of Isatins and Nitro­styrenes

A new reductive coupling reaction between N-alkylisatins, dimethyl phosphite, and nitrostyrenes has been developed. The reaction relies on Pudovik addition, subsequent phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement, and Michael-type addition of a transient carbanion on the indolinone with β-nitrostyrenes. This protocol introduces a convenient and versatile method for the construction of polyfunctionalized tertiary phosphates under mild conditions. Chiral general bases catalyze the title reaction with promising levels of enantioselectivity.
Dynamic atomicity: optimizing swift memory management

Swift is a modern multi-paradigm programming language with an extensive developer community and open source ecosystem. Swift 3's memory management strategy is based on Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) augmented with unsafe APIs for manually-managed memory. We have seen ARC consume as much as 80% of program execution time. A significant portion of ARC's direct performance cost can be attributed to its use of atomic machine instructions to protect reference count updates from data races. Consequently, we have designed and implemented dynamic atomicity, an optimization which safely replaces atomic reference-counting operations with nonatomic ones where feasible. The optimization introduces a store barrier to detect possibly intra-thread references, compiler-generated recursive reference-tracers to find all affected objects, and a bit of state in each reference count to encode its atomicity requirements. Using a suite of 171 microbenchmarks, 9 programs from the Computer Language Benchmarks Game, and the Richards benchmark, we performed a limit study by unsafely making all reference counting operations nonatomic. We measured potential speedups of up to 220% on the microbenchmarks, 120% on the Benchmarks Game and 70% on Richards. By automatically reducing ARC overhead, our optimization both improves Swift 3's performance and reduces the temptation for performance-oriented programmers to resort to unsafe manual memory management. Furthermore, the machinery implemented for dynamic atomicity could also be employed to obtain cheaper thread-safe Swift data structures, or to augment ARC with optional cycle detection or a backup tracing garbage collector.
Bayesian estimation and use of high-throughput remote sensing indices for quantitative genetic analyses of leaf growth

We develop Bayesian function-valued trait models that mathematically isolate genetic mechanisms underlying leaf growth trajectories by factoring out genotype-specific differences in photosynthesis. Remote sensing data can be used instead of leaf-level physiological measurements. Characterizing the genetic basis of traits that vary during ontogeny and affect plant performance is a major goal in evolutionary biology and agronomy. Describing genetic programs that specifically regulate morphological traits can be complicated by genotypic differences in physiological traits. We describe the growth trajectories of leaves using novel Bayesian function-valued trait (FVT) modeling approaches in Brassica rapa recombinant inbred lines raised in heterogeneous field settings. While frequentist approaches estimate parameter values by treating each experimental replicate discretely, Bayesian models can utilize information in the global dataset, potentially leading to more robust trait estimation. We illustrate this principle by estimating growth asymptotes in the face of missing data and comparing heritabilities of growth trajectory parameters estimated by Bayesian and frequentist approaches. Using pseudo-Bayes factors, we compare the performance of an initial Bayesian logistic growth model and a model that incorporates carbon assimilation (A max) as a cofactor, thus statistically accounting for genotypic differences in carbon resources. We further evaluate two remotely sensed spectroradiometric indices, photochemical reflectance (pri2) and MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (mtci) as covariates in lieu of A max, because these two indices were genetically correlated with A max across years and treatments yet allow much higher throughput compared to direct leaf-level gas-exchange measurements. For leaf lengths in uncrowded settings, including A max improves model fit over the initial model. The mtci and pri2 indices also outperform direct A max measurements. Of particular importance for evolutionary biologists and plant breeders, hierarchical Bayesian models estimating FVT parameters improve heritabilities compared to frequentist approaches.
Innervation of the Cephalopod Optic Gland

The optic glands of cephalopods are endocrine organs secreting a gonadotropic hormone under the control of the brain (Wells, 1964; Durchon and Richard, 1967). Light is inhibitory to optic gland function in octopods, and this inhibition is mediated by a complex neural pathway from the retina to the subpedunculate lobe of the brain and thence to the optic gland itself. A prominent nerve can be seen entering the gland (Boycott and Young, 1956; Messenger, 1966, personal communication; Bonichon, 1967) (Fig. 1).
Ordered Conformation of Poly(L-Lysine) and its Homologs in Anionic Surfactant Solutions

The conformation of poly(L-lysine) and its homologs with side group R = -(CH2)mNH2 in anionic surfactant solutions has been studied by circular dichroism. In neutral NaDodSO4 solution at 25° only (Lys)n (m = 4) adopts a β-form, whereas the m = 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 homologs all form a right—handed helix as that found in proteins. Most unusual is the m = 1 homolog, which has a left-handed helix in NaDodSO4 solution but a right-handed helix in alkaline methanol [pH(apparent) ≥8]. In alkaline NaDodSO4 solution (Lys)n undergoes a β-to-helix transition, which is temperature dependent. Raising the temperature shifts the transition pH downward from about 12 at 10° to 10.5 at 55°. The conformation of (Lys)n also depends on the chain length of alkyl sulfates. It is the β-form in sodium decyl, tetradecyl, and hexadecyl sulfate solution just as in NaDodSO4 solution, but it becomes helical in octyl sulfate solution. The conformation of (Lys)n is also the β-form in sodium dodecyl sulfonate and tridecanoate solution at 45° and pH 9.3. However, in sodium dodecyl phosphate solution at 45° (Lys)n shows a pH-induced β-to-helix transition with a midpoint at pH 9.2 and it converts the helix back to the β-form at pH above 11. The binding of NaDecSO4 to (Lys)n, (Orn)n (m = 3) and (D,L-Orn)n has been determined by potentiometric titration. The binding is highly cooperative regardless of the conformation of the three polypeptides; it suggests a micelle-like clustering of the surfactant ions onto the polypeptide chain. The titration curves can be analyzed by adapting the Zimm-Bragg theory for the helix-coil transition of polypeptides to the binding isotherms between cationic polypeptides and anionic surfactants.
Chemotherapy of microsporidiosis: Benzimidazoles, fumagillin and polyamine analogues

Microsporidia infection in humans is becoming increasingly recognized as a problem in immunocompromised as well as immune competent hosts. Human micropsoridian infections have been caused by several different microsporidian genera encompassing at least 12 species. Currently there are few controlled trials of the treatment of microsporidiosis in humans. Albendazole has been widely used for the treatment of microsporidiosis, however, it is clear from case reports that not all microsporidia are sensitive to this agent. Fumagillin has emerged as an alternative to albendazole treatment. This chapter discusses the recently identified enzyme target of fumagillin as well as the use of fumagilin in the treatment of microsporidiosis. Studies on polyamine metabolism of Encephalitozoon cuniculi indicate this organism relies primarily on uptake and interconversion of spermine to satisfy its polyamine requirements. Polyamine analogues having a bis aryl-3-7-3 configuration as well as pentamine and oligoamine analogues interfere with polyamine metabolism and cure model infections. These data suggest that the polyamine pathway should be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of microsporidiosis. Polyamine metabolism in Enc. cuniculi is presented and discussed along with studies on the use of polyamine analogues in experimental models of infection.
Nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit

Pediatric intensive care units have contributed considerably to the management of children with severe diseases and life-threatening conditions. The use of mechanical ventilation, invasive monitoring, and indwelling catheters increase the risk for nosocomial infection. Improving infection control practices and surveillance can significantly reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
Radiation Effects Encountered by Inorganic Materials in Analytical Electron Microscopy

In analytical electron microscopy (AEM), radiation damage will be of only structural consequence unless it occurs during specimen preparation or the elements that are the subject of analysis depart from the vicinity of the electron probe. At electron intensities between 10 and 103 A/cm−2, the mechanical and thermal responses of some specimens can often be spectacular, but the concomitant variations in chemical composition—averaged over the volumes exposed to the electron beam—need not be. The processes responsible for radiation damage are the same electron-atom (elastic) and electron-electron (inelastic) collisions that provide diffraction contrast and chemical information in electron microscopy; the effects of radiation damage upon the image contrast of crystalline materials in transmission electron microscopy have already been extensively reviewed (Hobbs, 1979).
Evidence-Based Teacher Preparation: Policy Context and What We Know:

Teacher preparation programs (TPPs) have received a great deal of policy and research attention of late. And despite the commonsense notion that preparation for formal classroom responsibilities sh...
Spiking neuron circuits using superconducting quantum phase-slip junctions

Superconducting circuits that operate by propagation of small voltage or current pulses, corresponding to propagation of single flux or charge quantum, are naturally suited for implementing spiking neuron circuits. Quantum phase-slip junctions (QPSJs) are 1-D superconducting nanowires that have been identified as exact duals to Josephson junctions, based on charge-flux duality in Maxwell’s equations. In this paper, a superconducting quantized-charge circuit element, formed using quantum phase-slip junctions, is investigated for use in high-speed, low-energy superconducting spiking neuron circuits. By means of a SPICE model developed for QPSJs, operation of this superconducting circuit to produce and transport quantized charge pulses, in the form of current pulses, is demonstrated. The resulting quantized-charge-based operation emulates spiking neuron circuits for brain-inspired neuromorphic applications. Additionally, to further demonstrate the operation of QPSJ-based neuron circuits, a QPSJ-based integrate and fire neuron circuit is introduced, along with simulation results using WRSPICE. Estimates for operating speed and power dissipation are provided and compared to Josephson junction and CMOS-based spiking neuron circuits. Current challenges are also briefly mentioned.
Entropically Driven Macrolide Polymerizations for the Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyester Copolymers Using Titanium Isopropoxide

Thermal and mechanical properties of sustainable aliphatic polyesters can be tuned through the synthesis of copolymers. The synthesis of two 14-membered macrolides are reported: a cyclic tetraester with alternating lactic acid (LA) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) units and a cyclic diester with alternating glycolic acid (GA) and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (2MD) units. Ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) of these macrolides to yield poly(LA-stat-3HP) and poly(GA-alt-2MD), respectively, were found to be modestly endothermic (ΔHp° = 2.0 and 0.5 kJ mol–1, respectively) and endoentropic (ΔSp° = 27 and 23 J mol–1 K–1, respectively). Inexpensive and nontoxic titanium isopropoxide Ti(Oi-Pr)4 functions as an active catalyst for these entropically driven ROTEPs, achieving high conversions (>90%) in under 1 h. The polymerizations exhibit control over molar mass with dispersity values <1.7. poly(GA-alt-2MD) is an amorphous polymer with a low glass transition temperature near −30 °C. poly(LA-co-3HP...
Long-Term Outcomes After Autologous or Tissue Expander/Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction and Postmastectomy Radiation for Breast Cancer.

Abstract Purpose The toxicity profile of breast reconstruction with postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) varies by technique and timing, and long-term data are limited. We compared rates of complications requiring reoperation (CRR) and reconstruction failure (RF) between immediate autologous reconstruction (I-AR), immediate tissue expander/implant reconstruction (I-TE/I), delayed autologous reconstruction (D-AR), and delayed tissue expander/implant reconstruction (D-TE/I) in patients receiving PMRT. Methods and Materials Patients who received autologous reconstruction (AR) or tissue expander/implant reconstruction (TE/I) and PMRT between 2000 to 2008 were included. Reconstruction was immediate if performed on the same day as mastectomy followed by PMRT (I-AR or I-TE/I) or delayed if after PMRT (D-AR and D-TE/I). CRR was defined as an unplanned return to the operating room for infection, dehiscence, necrosis, hematoma, or hernia (with AR) and extrusion, leak, or contracture (with TE/I). RF was defined as unplanned conversion to another reconstruction technique or to flat chest wall. Cumulative incidence of CRR and RF was calculated using Kaplan–Meier and compared using the log-rank test. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with CRR and RF. Results Two hundred four patients were included. Median follow-up was 8 years. There were 127 AR cases (63%) and 77 TE/I cases (38%). At 5 years, CRR was 18%, 38%, 34%, and 70% (P = .010) and RF was 4%, 22%, 7%, and 56% (P Conclusions With PMRT, TE/I reconstruction in the immediate and delayed setting is associated with higher CRR and RF compared with AR. Patient factors should guide selection of technique. Efforts to reduce rates of RF with TE/I should focus on minimizing risks for infection.
Toward point-of-care assessment of patient response: a portable tool for rapidly assessing cancer drug efficacy using multifrequency impedance cytometry and supervised machine learning.

We present a novel method to rapidly assess drug efficacy in targeted cancer therapy, where antineoplastic agents are conjugated to antibodies targeting surface markers on tumor cells. We have fabricated and characterized a device capable of rapidly assessing tumor cell sensitivity to drugs using multifrequency impedance spectroscopy in combination with supervised machine learning for enhanced classification accuracy. Currently commercially available devices for the automated analysis of cell viability are based on staining, which fundamentally limits the subsequent characterization of these cells as well as downstream molecular analysis. Our approach requires as little as 20 μL of volume and avoids staining allowing for further downstream molecular analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript presents the first comprehensive attempt to using high-dimensional data and supervised machine learning, particularly phase change spectra obtained from multi-frequency impedance cytometry as features for the support vector machine classifier, to assess viability of cells without staining or labelling. By measuring cells passing through electrodes, this microfluidics device could soon predict patient response to cancer therapy. Mehdi Javanmard and his team from Rutgers University in the United States developed a device that detects whether a cancer cell is alive based on the shift in its electrical properties as it passes through the device’s spectroscopy detection circuit. The team tested their device using cancer cell samples treated with different concentrations of a targeted anti-cancer drug. The device was able to rapidly assess live cell counts up to an accuracy of 95.9%. Future studies will test the device on clinical samples, and it is hoped that this device may one day be used as a convenient assay to pit patient tumor samples against therapies – giving a reliable indicator of response before treatment is administered.
Abstract 562: Comprehensive Arteriovenous Metabolomics in the Human Heart

Introduction: Despite broad interest in the role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of heart failure, a definitive account of fuel use by the beating human heart in situ is lacking. We therefore det...
Learning and aging affect neuronal excitability and learning.

Abstract The first study that demonstrated a change in intrinsic neuronal excitability after learning in ex vivo brain tissue slices from a mammal was published over thirty years ago. Numerous other manuscripts describing similar learning-related changes have followed over the years since the original paper demonstrating the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) reduction in CA1 pyramidal neurons from rabbits that learned delay eyeblink conditioning was published. In addition to the learning-related changes, aging-related enlargement of the postburst AHP in CA1 pyramidal neurons have been reported. Extensive work has been done relating slow afterhyperpolarization enhancement in CA1 hippocampus to slowed learning in some aging animals. These reproducible findings strongly implicate modulation of the postburst AHP as an essential cellular mechanism necessary for successful learning, at least in learning tasks that engage CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
Proof that stable monotonic equilibrium distributions in a continuous-focusing channel are necessarily axisymmetric

The transverse Vlasov equilibrium distribution function of an unbunched ion beam propagating in a continuous focusing channel is specified by a function f{perpendicular} (H{perpendicular}), where H{perpendicular} is the single-particle Hamiltonian. In standard treatments of continuous focusing equilibria in Vlasov-Poisson electrostatic models, it is assumed that a stable beam equilibrium specified by monotonic f{perpendicular}(H{perpendicular}) with {partial_derivative}f{perpendicular}(H{perpendicular})/{partial_derivative}H{perpendicular} {le} 0 is axisymmetric (no variation in azimuthal angle, i.e., with {partial_derivative}/{partial_derivative}{theta} = 0). In this paper a simple, but rigorous, proof is presented that only axisymmetric equilibrium solutions are possible in Vlasov-Poisson models for any physical choice of f{perpendicular}(H{perpendicular}) with {partial_derivative}f{perpendicular}(H{perpendicular})/{partial_derivative}H{perpendicular} {le} 0 if the confining boundary of the system (the beam pipe) is axisymmetric or if the geometry is radially unbounded.
Viscous phase-field modeling for chemo-mechanical microstructural evolution: application to geomaterials and pressure solution

Abstract The microstructural geometry of materials has a significant influence on their macroscopic response, especially when the process is essentially microscopic as for chemo-mechanical processes. In this work, we are pursuing the idea that interface-tracking models like phase-field modeling can capture the microstructural dynamics and enrich macroscopic constitutive laws for geomaterials. We are introducing a phase-field theory for chemo-mechanical processes derived from fully-dissipative thermodynamics, enabling the inclusion of dissipative effects such as the evolution of the microstructural curvature. The resulting microstructural viscosity introduces rate-dependency through the associated relaxation time. To emphasize the influence of irregular microstructural geometries, we study numerically the chemo-mechanical response of digitalized geomaterials at the grain scale under pressure solution creep. We show that tracking the grain boundary evolution allows for capturing the microscopic transient nature of pressure solution. Our numerical results are discussed against experimental results from the literature and the properties of macroscopic creep laws are shown to be linked to the evolution of the microstructure.
Hemorrhage-Control Training in Medical Education.

Objectives:To evaluate and analyze the efficacy of implementation of hemorrhage-control training into the formal medical school curriculum. We predict this training will increase the comfort and co...
Dielectric and Underfill Characterization Using Cavity Resonators for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Having an accurate dielectric constant and loss tangent when creating radiofrequency (RF) models in full-wave simulation is essential. With the introduction of new low-loss dielectrics and with the variability of dielectrics due to the manufacturing process, there is a need for a quick and simple method to characterize the permittivity of these materials. Dielectric characterization has become even more critical with the rollout of 5G cellular communications. At the higher frequency bands of 5G, around 28 GHz and 39 GHz, the dielectric losses can be significant, and the package design can be sensitive to dielectric constant variations. In this letter, two dielectrics are characterized; a flip-chip underfill material and a low-loss dielectric. Cavity resonators are used to extract the dielectric constant and loss tangent of flip-chip underfill, while substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators are used to characterize packaging substrates. Simulations and extractions of the dielectric constant and loss tangent are completed at several frequencies using an in-house tool called Kappa Extractor, based on a rapid plane solver. The results are verified with a commercial full-wave simulator.
Composite membrane: fabrication, characterization, and applications

Abstract Membrane is a selective barrier between two phases to carry out separation processes. Based on the structure and separation principles, there are three basic types of membrane, namely, porous, nonporous, and liquid membrane. Membranes are commonly used in the processes such as, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, hyperfiltration, dialysis and electrodialysis, gas separation, pervaporation, etc. To fabricate synthetic membrane, techniques such as sintering, stretching, phase inversion, track-etching, coating, etc., are being used by various researchers. By using coating technique, highly selective thin and dense membranes with relatively high flux can be obtained. Different coating techniques are used for the fabrication of composite membrane; these include dip coating, spin coating, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) techniques, etc. This chapter discusses some important classes of coating techniques used for the fabrication of composite membranes, various aspects of synthesize processes, and applications of membranes in various fields.
The emerging determinants of replication fork stability.

A universal response to replication stress is replication fork reversal, where the nascent complementary DNA strands are annealed to form a protective four-way junction allowing forks to avert DNA damage while replication stress is resolved. However, reversed forks are in turn susceptible to nucleolytic digestion of the regressed nascent DNA arms and rely on dedicated mechanisms to protect their integrity. The most well studied fork protection mechanism involves the BRCA pathway and its ability to catalyze RAD51 nucleofilament formation on the reversed arms of stalled replication forks. Importantly, the inability to prevent the degradation of reversed forks has emerged as a hallmark of BRCA deficiency and underlies genome instability and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient cells. In the past decade, multiple factors underlying fork stability have been discovered. These factors either cooperate with the BRCA pathway, operate independently from it to augment fork stability in its absence, or act as enablers of fork degradation. In this review, we examine these novel determinants of fork stability, explore the emergent conceptual underpinnings underlying fork protection, as well as the impact of fork protection on cellular viability and cancer therapy.
Transient modelling of impact driven needle-free injectors.

Abstract Needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) are one of the alternatives to hypodermic needles for transdermal drug delivery. These devices use a high-velocity jet stream to puncture the skin and deposit drugs in subcutaneous tissue. NFJIs typically exhibit two phases of jet injection – namely – an initial peak-pressure phase (
Dual Language Learning Predicts Improved Executive Functioning in Youth with Autism.

Previous findings show executive functioning advantages associated with dual language learning (DLL) among neurotypical individuals, yet few studies have investigated these effects in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study investigated effects of DLL and socioeconomic status (SES) on parent-reported executive functioning, verbal ability, and social-emotional functioning using a sample of DLL (n = 53) and monolingual (n = 106) youth with ASD without intellectual disability, matched on gender and full-scale IQ scores. After controlling for the effects of SES, results showed that monolingual youth had better outcomes on verbal ability, while DLL youth had fewer parent-reported problems with executive functioning and unusual behaviors. These findings indicate that bilingualism may mitigate executive functioning deficits in youth with ASD.
The Spirit of Hindu Law

List of tables Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction (dharmasastra) 1. Sources and theologies (pramana) 2. Hermeneutics and ethics (mimamsa) 3. Debt and meaning (rna) 4. Persons and things (svatva) 5. Doubts and disputes (vyavahara) 6. Rectitude and rehabilitation (danda) 7. Law and practice (acara) Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Uses of Satellite Microwave Measurements in Weather and Climate Studies

This paper presents an overview of NOAA research activities in microwave remote sensing areas. For a specific demonstration, a hybrid variational scheme (HVAR) is developed to produce the vortex analysis associated with tropical storms. This scheme allows for direct assimilation of rain-affected radiances from satellite microwave instruments such as AMSU and ASUR-E
Social influence and the diamond model of social response: Toward an extended theory of informational influence

According to the diamond model of social response (Nail, 1989; Willis, 1965), a bidimensional response space is necessary to provide for the possible responses in social influence settings. Experiment 1 tested diamond model predictions in a context that simulated social influence processes. Evidence was found for each of the responses postulated by the diamond model: conformity, anticonformity, independence and self-anti-conformity. The descriptive constructs of the diamond model were shown to correspond to an extended version of the explanatory constructs of Deutsch & Gerard's (1955) theory of informational influence. Experiment 2 tested this extended theory in a setting with greater experimental realism than Expt 1. Interestingly, Expt 2 found evidence for informational influence: conformity, independence and self-anticonformity, but not informational anticonformity. Overall, the data support the bidimensional diamond model over any of the competing unidimensional formulations.
SOME CHANGES IN SMOLTIFICATION AND SEAWATER ADAPTABILITY OF SALMONIDS RESULTING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER FACTORS

Zaugg, W.S., 1982. Some changes in smoltification and seawater adaptability of salmonids resulting from environmental and other factors. Aquaculture, 28: 143-151. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activities varied from year to year in hatchery-reared fall chinook salmon, suggesting changes in annual patterns of smoltification. Production fall chinook salmon fed diets containing added NaCl for 6 weeks prior to release contributed 49 to 64% more adults than controls. Coho salmon held at a hatchery for delayed releases (June and July) migrated seaward more rapidly and in greater numbers than fish released in May. Although coho in the delayed releases had experienced decreases in gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity, they were capable of rapidly regenerating elevated activity when released into the river. Concentrations of blood nucleoside triphosphates increase during smoltification of coho and chinook salmon, and steelhead trout.
Triadimenol in turfgrass lysimeter leachates after fall application of triadimefon and overwintering

Abstract An earlier study showed that fall application of the fungicide, triadimefon to sandy turfgrass lysimeter plots resulted in rapid appearance of the metabolite, triadimenol in collected leachates but only occasional presence of the parent fungicide. In the present study, it was shown that, if after such fall applications, leachates are collected and analyzed through the following winter and spring, residues of the metabolite, triadimenol, are detectable as late as early June. Factors influencing these results are discussed.
The Sensitivity of a Simulated Extratropical Mesoscale Convective System to Longwave Radiation and Ice-Phase Microphysics

Abstract A two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was applied to the simulation of a midlatitude, continental mesoscale convective system. A control simulation was established that exhibited many features in common with observed MCSs. The sensitivity experiments revealed that the mesoscale circulations in the stratiform region were quite sensitive to longwave radiative cooling at stratiform anvil cloud top and heating at cloud base, and the presence of ice-phase precipitation processes and thermodynamics. Surface precipitation was little affected by radiational heating, however. Turning off melting of ice particles had little influence on the strength of simulated mesoscale and convective-scale downdrafts and the strength of the middle-level, rear-to-front flow. Melting had the greatest impact on the strength of the convective scale updrafts. These numerical experiments suggest that the strength of the middle-level, rear-to-fron...
THE CLUE TO CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: UNITING THEOLOGY AND EDUCATION, 1950 TO THE PRESENT

Abstract Christian religious educators in the Religious Education Association are challenged to reclaim their theological nerve and their partnership in public conversations about the educational p...
Turkish Paradox: Progressive Islamists versus Reactionary Secularists

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (d. 1938) founded the modern Republic of Turkey as a secular republic in 1923.1 Since that time, his followers, the Kemalists, and the military have successfully maintained th...
The colonization of native phytophagous insects in North America by exotic parasitoids

Classical biological control could have a major environmental cost if introduced natural enemies colonize and disrupt native systems. Although quantifying these impacts is difficult for systems already colonized by natural enemies, the a priori condition for such impacts can be evaluated based on the extent to which exotics have acquired native hosts. We use native host records for exotic parasitoids introduced into North America for biological control to document the number of exotic species that have been recorded from at least one native insect species. We also evaluate the ability of six biological and ecological variables to predict whether or not a parasitoid will move onto natives. Sixteen percent of 313 parasitoid species introduced against holometabolous pests are known from natives. Further, the likelihood that a parasitoid had colonized native hosts was largely unpredictable with respect to the independent variables. We conclude that given the quality of the data available either now or in the foreseeable future, coupled with inherent stochasticity in host shifts by parasitoids, there are no rules of thumb to assist biological control workers in evaluating if an introduced parasitoid will colonize native insect communities.
Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work.

Excessive work can be viewed as an addictive behavior, and, as such, it will have a negative impact on the setting in which it occurs, as well as on the individual. This change in perspective is needed to address dysfunctional behavior patterns that interfere with organizational operations. Similarities with other addictions include identity issues, rigid thinking, withdrawal, progressive involvement, and denial. These factors influence decision making and goals of the workaholic. They also interfere with effectiveness by distorting interpersonal relations. Suggestions for further research build on established organizational topics that coincide with characteristics of an addictive pattern.
Exaggerated response to physiological stress in patients with IBD; a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBD

Exaggerated response to physiological stress in patients with IBD; a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBD
Feature-based inattentional blindness: loss of awareness to featural information in fully attended objects

In two experiments, we investigated the impact of feature-based attention on observers’ awareness of object appearance. Participants were shown a sequence of two displays, each containing eight objects (rectangles), and were asked to detect changes in the orientation of a cued rectangle. A set of baseline trials preceded probe trials in which half of the rectangles in each display were unexpectedly distorted by 70 %. Participants in both Experiment 1 (100-ms display duration) and Experiment 2 (100- and 400-ms display durations) were unaware of these modifications in the task-irrelevant feature (texture), even when they were asked to select the viewed object in a forced choice procedure. A control experiment showed that participants could identify the physical distortion when they were made aware of its presence. The results demonstrate that feature-based attention moderates the appearance of objects, even when those objects are fully expected and fully attended, implying a distinct form of unawareness that we term feature-based inattentional blindness.
Enhancer mediated suppression of epsilon heavy-chain gene expression in a murine IgE-producing hybridoma.

Abstract In vitro co-culture of IgE-secreting hybridoma cells (B53) with spleen cells harvested from mice with established B53 tumours results in a specific, T cell-dependent suppression of ϵ-chain expression in the B53 cells. The role of immunoglobulin enhancers in the suppression of IgE synthesis in B53 cells was examined by transfecting B53 cells with CAT expression vectors containing the immunoglobulin heavy or kappa light-chain intron enhancers or a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) LTR. When ϵ-chain expression of transfected cells was suppressed in vitro, CAT expression was also suppressed in cells transfected with vectors containing the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer, but not in cells transfected with vectors containing the kappa enhancer or RSV LTR. Thus, the T cell-dependent suppression of IgE synthesis in B53 cells correlates with a specific inactivation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer, strongly suggesting that T cell-mediated suppression of Ig synthesis can normally occur through specific repression of Ig enhancer function. This represents a new regulatory pathway involved in the control of IgE synthesis and is the first indication that the enhancer mediated expression of Ig genes in B cells can be modulated through T cell-dependent processes.
Recurrent rash associated with food ingestion in a 5-year-old child

HISTORY OF THE PRESENT ILLNESS A 5-year-old male was referred to our institution for evaluation of food allergy. He was well until 4 months of age when he began to develop an erythematous, unilateral facial flushing-type rash. It seemed to appear after the introduction of solid foods and did not follow ingestion of liquids. The rash occurs within minutes of eating a variety of seemingly unrelated foods such as candy (Skittles and Starburst; Mars, Hackettstown, NJ), fruits, vegetables (broccoli), popcorn, pretzels, and tomato sauce. The rash resolves spontaneously and gradually after several minutes, but may last up to 90 minutes. The erythema varies in intensity but can be strikingly bright and prominent, extending from the lower edge of the right side of the lip to just anterior to the tragus of the ear. The rash is warm, macular, and not well demarcated. There is no associated swelling, pruritus, sweating, or pain. He denies systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, cough, wheezing, chest or throat tightness, shortness of breath, and tongue or lip swelling. The skin appears normal after resolution of the rash. Daily doses of cetirizine 5 to 10 mg did not prevent the rash from occurring. On a single occasion he developed facial urticaria with mild lip and tongue swelling after eating kiwi fruit, which he has since avoided.