cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PC-DUOS: Fast TCAM lookup and update for packet classifiers

We propose algorithms for distributing the classifier rules to two TCAMs (ternary content addressable memories) and for incrementally updating the TCAMs. The performance of our scheme is compared against the prevalent scheme of storing classifier rules in a single TCAM in priority order. Our scheme results in an improvement in average lookup speed by up to 48% and our experiments demonstrate an improvement in update performance by up to 2.8 times in terms of the number of TCAM writes.
A Transnational Perspective on Divorce and Marriage: Filipina Wives and Workers

Building on the burgeoning literature on gender and transnationalism, this article considers how Filipina women's labor and marriage migrations are intertwined in complex and paradoxical ways with global, local, and personal factors. Central to the article are the stories of two women, one a Filipina overseas contract worker in Hong Kong and the other a Filipina in the Philippines who sought to meet a foreign marriage partner through correspondence. These stories illustrate how, because of the absence of divorce in the Philippines, women creatively maneuver across transnational terrain in order to realize their desired marital subjectivities. These stories point to women's agency and to the importance of structural factors-particularly legal ones-that both constrain women and yet simultaneously allow them to creatively utilize legal inconsistencies across transnational spaces to redefine themselves as wives and to reclaim a "respectable" marital status. In contrast to the common assumption that women marr...
SAR patterns of external 915 MHz microwave applicators.

Analysis of the results from recent clinical trials has shown that tumour size is a significant prognostic factor in eventual tumour control in patients treated with thermoradiotherapy. The critical issue appears to be the adequate coverage of hyperthermia target volume with therapeutic temperature. Therefore one must choose appropriate applicators for the treatment of a given tumour. Accurate knowledge of performance characteristics of the applicators used in clinics thus becomes crucial. In an attempt to take the first step for the appropriate selection of applicators in clinics several commonly used applicators were evaluated according to their 75%, 50%, and 25% two-dimensional SAR (specific absorption rate) contours at depths of 1–3 cm. The data were subsequently approximated by rectangles. This type of information, even with its limitations, is extremely important in implementing quality assurance in hyperthermia. In this communication we will present such information, and the implications in current...
Mobile Robots Teach Machine-Level Programming

We feel strongly that a contemporary introductory course in machine organization and assembly language should focus on the essentials of how computers execute programs, and not be distracted by the complications of the extraordinarily sophisticated microprocessors that are available today. These essentials should form a strong base of knowledge from which students can draw as they continue their education in computer science. Ideally these goals should be attained in an environment that fosters experimentation and cooperation, and with the aid of projects that generate interest and enthusiasm among the students. We have developed and are currently teaching a course at New Mexico State University that meets many of these goals. The course concentrates on a simple but relatively complete microprocessor architecture, that of the Motorola 68HC11 processor. Three different teaching techniques are used to encourage experimentation and team work: learning sessions, simulator labs, and microprocessor labs. New concepts are introduced in learning sessions, which combine traditional lecturing with student exploration. The understanding of these new concepts is strengthened through labs and assignments. Simulator labs and assignments, which require interaction with a simulator of the Motorola 68HC11 microprocessor, focus on the 68HC11's instruction set architecture. Microprocessor labs and assignments, which essentially are designing and building sessions, focus on the use of a 68HC11 microprocessor to control a motorized vehicle. During microprocessor labs students populate printed circuit cards, build motorized vehicles (or other roboticized exotica), and design and implement assembly language programs that provide communication between a personal computer and a 68HC11 processor, and a 68HC11 processor and a motorized vehicle. We have found that the costs of running this course are minimal and the results are very favorable in terms of student enthusiasm and achievement.
Nitrosation of linear phenol‐formaldehyde polymers

The nitrosation of o,o-linked linear phenol-formaldehyde polymers was readily affected in aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide to give products containing p-benzoquinone monoxime repeating units. Elemental analyses and infrared spectra indicated the presence of nitrophenol moieties also. Factors influencing the nature of the nitrosation reaction were studied.
Toward a Definition of Mental Retardation

Historically, the ways in which the mentally retarded have been viewed and treated has often been a reflection of the dominant spirit of the times within a particular culture.1 But whether retarded individuals were ignored, ridiculed, incarcerated, cast out, or looked upon with beneficence, attempts to comprehend and define the phenomena of retardation were few and far between until fairly recent times.
Equal Protection, Postmortem Conception, and Intestacy

This article discusses three issues that arise involving postmortem conception (PMC), inheritance, and the unintended consequences of the law such as it was in 2005: (1) the financial incentives to having a PMC child, (2) varying state laws on whether a PMC child can prove paternity and inherit from the father, and (3) constitutional issues that may arise if the PMC child is precluded from establishing paternity. It also proposes a solution in line with the purposes of the Social Security survivor provisions and of inheritance.
Decay of the high-spin isomers in /sup 150,151,152/Ho

The electron-capture decay properties of the high-spin isomers in /sup 150,151,152/Ho were investigated. The nuclides were produced in /sup 10/B bombardments of samarium and then transported to shielded areas with the use of gas-jet systems. Singles and coincidence ..gamma..-ray measurements were made. Each isomer decays primarily to one excited state in its dysprosium daughter by means of an allowed ..beta.. transition (logft values are approx. 4.5). The following explanations are proposed. For /sup 150/Ho and /sup 152/Ho the transitions connect 9/sup +/(..pi..h/sub 11/2/,..nu..f/sub 7/2/) levels with 8/sup +/(..nu..h/sub 9/2/,..nu..f/sub 7/2/) levels in /sup 150/Dy(2401.8 keV) and /sup 152/Dy(2437.6 keV). Deexcitation to the ground states then follows via a cascade of four E2 ..gamma.. rays. In /sup 151/Ho the ..beta.. transition represents the changeover of an h/sub 11/2/ proton orbital to an h/sub 9/2/ neutron orbital in /sup 151/Dy. This single neutron state lies at 527.4 keV and deexcites directly to the ground state. The ..cap alpha.. decay of /sup 152/Ho was also investigated with the use of an on-line isotope separator. Its ..cap alpha..-decay branching ratio was determined to be 10.5 +- 3.0%.
Aggregation of Thanasimus dubius on Trees Under Mass-Attack by the Southern Pine Beetle

The temporal and spatial distribution of the predator Thanasimus dubius (F.) were very similar to those of its prey, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., during the mass-attack phase of the host tree colonization by the prey. Peak response for T. dubius occurred on the 4th day of the 11-day mass-attack period of the southern pine beetle. Southern pine beetles arrived in greatest numbers on the 3rd day of that period. Approximately 64% of the total number of responding beetles for both species were trapped on the lower one-half of the infested bole. Peak activity of T. dubius , as measured by trap catch, occurred between 0900 and 1100 h, with a smaller peak at 1900 h. Peak activity of the southern pine beetle occurred at ca. 1700 h. Temperature appeared to influence diurnal activity of T. dubius with decreased activity occurring when daily temperatures were highest.
Associated Vascular Disease in Essential Hypertension and Its Influence on Therapy

Impairment of such vital organs as the brain, heart or kidneys is a serious deterrent to hypotensive drug therapy in essential hypertension. Patients with impaired function of these organs cannot tolerate the reduced blood flow which is a consequence of lowering the blood pressure.
Journeys to the East: Shelley and Novalis

Among the cast of characters in the fifth of Novalis’s (Friedrich von Hardenberg’s) Hymns to the Night (1800) is a mysterious “Singer” who travels Eastward from Greece, first to Palestine where he sings to the baby Jesus, then on to “Indostan” where, “drunk with love,” he spreads the glad tidings through words that transcend mortal speech. Around a decade and a half later, the hero of Percy Shelley’s Altzstor (1816), similarly a nameless “Poet,” travels from Europe ever eastward through “the wild Carmanian waste, / And o’er the aerial mountains” to the “Vale of Kashmir” in northern India where he dreams of a “veiled maid” who communes with him in a melding embrace that likewise exceeds articulation. Along with their participation in the general discourse of Romantic Orientalism, both texts share the fantasy of a pilgrimage to a Romanticized East that functions as the site for the fulfillment of a very Western dream of overcoming distance, alienation, misunderstanding, and loss through a form of communion that exceeds the limitations of linguistic signs— paradoxically employing Otherness as a vehicle for sameness.
Potential Psychological Mechanisms Underlying the Exercise and Depression Relationship

Understanding the ways in which exercise reduces the symptoms of clinical depression is an important step in determining the role for exercise in the standard of care for depression treatment. It can be argued that medicine is filled with examples of treatments coming well before the understanding of how the treatments worked. Antidepressant medications, for example, were being used with patients long before scientists and clinicians had a clear understanding of precisely how they exerted their antidepressant effects (Mayze, 2012). However, there will remain scientists, clinicians, and patients themselves who question the utility of incorporating exercise into the treatment of depression until the mechanisms underlying this relationship have been elucidated. Further, in order to develop the most effective exercise interventions, it is important to understand how exercise elicits its effect.
Neoclassical Models: Unbounded Rationality

Neoclassical models of investment define investment in two ways. Investment is demand for durable capital goods on the one hand, and on the other it is the supply of savings. The basic neoclassical view of the demand for a capital good is that, like the demand for everything else, it is a function of its relative price. Investment is the acquisition, at a given point of time, of capital goods which contribute services to production at different points of time. The passage of time means that the interest rate is part of the price, commonly called the ‘user cost’ of capital services.
Rainfall measurements in the North Atlantic Ocean using underwater ambient sound

Quantification of rainfall over the ocean is critical in understanding the global hydrological cycle. However, oceanic rain has proven difficult to measure due to problems associated with platform motion and flow distortion combined with the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall itself. Passive acoustic rain gauges avoid these issues by using the underwater sound generated by raindrops on the ocean surface to detect and quantify rainfall. In this paper, the operating principles for and data from the Passive Aquatic Listener (PAL), which uses underwater ambient sound to measure rainfall rate and wind speed, are presented. PAL was incorporated onto thirteen Argo profilers that were deployed in September, 2012 as part of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration-sponsored Salinity Processes in the Upper ocean Regional Studies (NASA SPURS) field experiment in the North Atlantic Ocean. PAL-Argo was initially deployed within a 200 km × 200 km box, PAL-Argos now cover a 1600-km × 600-km region, and continue to telemeter rain rate and wind speed data. Comparisons of these PAL data with in situ and satellite measurements show good agreement for both rain rate and wind speed. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of wind and rain fields in the region are also presented.
Pathological approach to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: useful points for clinicians

Key points IPF has been narrowed down to a more homogeneous group of patients with a very poor prognosis (median survival Histological evaluation of IIPs in general (and cases formerly interpreted clinically as IPF in particular) has resulted in subclassification into prognostically significant histopathological groupings. Histopathological classification of interstitial pneumonias generally requires a surgical lung biopsy (exceptions: some cases of COP and AIP); clinical diagnosis may not always require a biopsy (see below). Histological classification of interstitial pneumonias requires (by definition) histopathology. HRCT is a surrogate for surgical lung biopsy in some settings, especially UIP. The other histological patterns have less distinctive HRCT features. In all the categories, there remain cases that are hard to classify. Educational aims To highlight the pathological features of the IIPs. To show the correlation of histology and radiology in the IIPs. To improve understanding of when to get a biopsy and what type of biopsy to get in the setting of an IIP. Summary Most of the IIPs are diagnosed histologically on the basis of patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. Most require open lung biopsy for definitive histological diagnosis. There is good histological/radiological (HRCT) correlation among the IIPs, but both have their limitations. Radiology gives the overview of gross pathology, but the resolution is limited, whereas biopsy shows the histological features but is limited by sampling; the two modalities are complementary. Histology is not always the gold standard. Histology is a relative gold standard that is modified by other findings (particularly those of HRCT). The new ATS/ERS classification of IIPs is based on clinical-radiological-pathological correlations. Coordinating clinicalradiological-pathological data in the diagnosis of IIP is significantly better than the sum of the individual data. NSIP is still evolving.
From plastics to jet fuel range alkanes via combined catalytic conversions

Abstract High carbon yields of jet fuel range alkanes were observed from plastics through a novel route. The integral processes were mainly performed via the catalytic microwave-assisted degradation of low-density polyethylene (a model compound of plastics waste) followed by hydrogenation process. The catalytic microwave degradation was carried out at 375 °C with catalyst to feed mass ratio of 0.1 or 0.2 to manufacture distinct proportions of aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. It was observed that the carbon yields of the raw organics from the catalytic microwave degradation were 66.18 and 56.32%, respectively. Several variables were employed to estimate the optimal conditions for the production of alternative jet fuels in the hydrogenation process. With the presence of 10 or 20 wt% well-promoted ZSM-5 catalyst, the overall carbon yields of hydrogenated organics regarding raw plastics were approximately 54 or 63%. The alterations of reaction conditions did not have a remarkable effect on the overall carbon yield of hydrogenated organics. The raw organics (with the higher yield) could be hydrogenated to fit JP-5 navy fuel at 200 °C for 2 h using the 10 wt% Raney Ni catalyst; while the raw organics (with the lower yield) could be hydrogenated to match high energy-density jet fuels (e.g. RJ-5 and JP-10) under very low-severity conditions. During the hydrogenation process, home-made Raney Ni catalyst showed more notable catalytic performance than that of as-purchased Raney Ni 4200 catalyst. In this regard, the catalytic conversions of plastics can be regarded as a clear breakthrough to produce various grades of jet fuels.
Genetic resilience to amyloid related cognitive decline.

Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid deposition in the absence of overt clinical impairment. There is substantial heterogeneity in the long-term clinical outcomes among amyloid positive individuals, yet limited work has focused on identifying molecular factors driving resilience from amyloid-related cognitive impairment. We apply a recently developed predicted gene expression analysis (PrediXcan) to identify genes that modify the association between baseline amyloid deposition and longitudinal cognitive changes. Participants free of clinical AD (n = 631) were selected from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who had a baseline positron emission tomography measure of amyloid deposition (quantified as a standard uptake value ratio), longitudinal neuropsychological data, and genetic data. PrediXcan was used to impute gene expression levels across 15 heart and brain tissues. Mixed effect regression models assessed the interaction between predicted gene expression levels and amyloid deposition on longitudinal cognitive outcomes. The predicted gene expression levels for two genes in the coronary artery (CNTLN, PROK1) and two genes in the atrial appendage (PRSS50, PROK1) interacted with amyloid deposition on episodic memory performance. The predicted gene expression levels for two additional genes (TMC4 in the basal ganglia and HMBS in the aorta) interacted with amyloid deposition on executive function performance. Post-hoc analyses provide additional validation of the HMBS and PROK1 effects across two independent subsets of ADNI using two additional metrics of amyloid deposition. These results highlight a subset of unique candidate genes of resilience and provide evidence that cell-cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and heme biosynthesis likely play a role in AD progression.
Resonances in low-energy electron elastic scattering from Fullerenes

The benchmarked Regge-pole method on the calculated low-energy electron elastic scattering total cross section (TCS) for C60 through the measured electron affinity (EA) [1, 2] is used to calculate TCSs for selected fullerenes, from C54 through C240 in the electron impact energy range 0.02 ≤ E ≤ 10.0 eV. From the characteristic dramatically sharp resonances representing long-lived ground state fullerene negative ion formation we extracted the binding energies (BEs) and compared them with the measured EAs, obtaining outstanding agreement.
Promoting sustainability of automotive products through strategic assortment planning

Abstract Assortment planning seeks to find an optimal set of products that the company should offer to its customers. Traditionally, it is a trade-off between offering larger assortments to maximize customer choice vs. smaller assortments to minimize costs associated with design, manufacturing, and distribution. Existing assortment planning models are quite lacking when it comes to configurable products such as automobiles and detail level of supply chain considerations. Further complications stem from increasingly strict environmental regulations and broader expectations for sustainable products and supply chains. We present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation for integrated assortment and supply chain network design models for automotive products to provide effective decision support and directional guidance to strategic product planners. Our models account for product use and supply chain emissions as well as fuel efficiency requirements. We also present an illustrative case study motivated by a global automaker to demonstrate the utility of the models and study the effects of sustainability requirements on the assortment and supply chain design.
Effect Of Floods And Obsolescence On Bridge Life

The economics of the design of a bridge waterway opening is usually related to the return period of the design flood. A factor not usually considered in determining the frequency of replacement of a bridge is the effect of obsolescence which has a probability distribution just as floods do. A general formula is developed for a step function that defines the average replacement period where each year there is a constant probability of replacement because of destruction by flooding and a variable probability of replacement because of obsolescence. Examples are given for simple conditions. It is shown that obsolescence may have a large effect on increasing the frequency of replacement and hence on planning for future financing of bridges.
A planning approach for message-oriented semantic web service composition

In this paper, we consider the problem of composing a set of web services, where the requirements are specified in terms of the input and output messages of the composite workflow. We propose a semantic model of messages using RDF graphs that encode OWL ABox assertions. We also propose a model of web service operations where the input message requirements and output message characteristics are modeled using RDF graph patterns. We formulate the message-oriented semantic web service composition problem and show how it can be translated into a planning problem. There are, however, significant challenges in scalably doing planning in this domain, especially since DL reasoning may be performed to check if an operation can be given a certain input message. We propose a two-phase planning algorithm that incorporates DLP reasoning and evaluate the performance of this planning algorithm.
Complications with Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Review

Transsphenoidal microscopic and endoscopic surgery are the primary approaches for the vast majority (>95%) of sellar and parasellar lesions. The endonasal route is being increasingly utilized for a variety of anterior skull base lesions. These operations are associated with many uncommon but major risks such as carotid artery injury, visual loss, CSF rhinorrhea, meningitis, and pituitary insufficiency. In addition, there are numerous other frequently encountered but rarely reported minor complications that are individually rare but cumulatively common. Each can affect a patient’s operative experience and include endocrine-related problems, positioning issues, sinonasal and oral complications, anesthesia-related problems, graft donor site complications, and endoscope visualization difficulties. This review summarizes the management of major and minor complications, focusing on prevention and early recognition.
Mitigating Range Anxiety via Vehicle-to-Vehicle Social Charging System

Vehicle-to-vehicle charging/discharging system can provide more flexibility to electric vehicles (EV) with increased range operation. In this paper, we propose the usage of EVs with excess energy than they need as alternative charging points for other EVs that are in need of urgent charge energy. To this end, we develop a mobility model for EVs during their trips and provide communication with other EVs in proximity through a location based social networking system. Simulation results show that such a system can decrease the number of drivers with range anxiety yielding larger number of EVs operating in the area while providing mutual benefits to sellers and buyers without having installation costs of new dedicated charging stations.
Association Between History of Multiple Concussions and Health Outcomes Among Former College Football Players: 15-Year Follow-up From the NCAA Concussion Study (1999-2001):

Background:Previous research has examined associations between concussion history and adverse health outcomes among former professional football players. Less is known about the potential effects of concussion among former college football players without additional exposure at the professional level.Purpose:To examine the association between concussion and adverse health outcomes in a cohort of former college football players without exposure to professional football, 15 years after their playing careers ended.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A sample of 204 former collegiate football players (23.4% of eligible athletes with available contact information)—all of whom played at least 1 season of football from 1999 to 2001 in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and had no professional football exposure—completed a general health survey that assessed lifetime concussion history and included the following: the Veterans RAND 36 Item Health Survey, containing a p...
Applications for multilevel secure operating systems

The need for secure computer systems has been identified in many areas of DoD operations, but in the past these systems have not been built in a secure manner because a secure operating system on which to run has not existed. Now that verifiably secure minicomputer operating systems are becoming a reality, applications for secure systems are becoming more clearly thought-out, designed and implemented. This paper surveys some proposed DoD and non-DoD secure computer applications.
Hydrothermal Fluids and Petroleum in Surface Sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: A Case Study

Surface sediments in hydrothcrmally active zones of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, have been analyzed for the inorganic chemical composition of sediments and their interstitial waters, as well as for their organic che mistry. Analysis of the inorganic constituents of vent fluids establishes end-member concentrations of hydrothermal fluids and also indicates that little change in chemical com position has occurred between 1981 and 1988. Special atten tion is given to short surface cores collected with DSV ALVIN in areas characterized by upward advection of fluids of hydrothermal origin, both in areas of strong advective flow as well as seepage through large bacterial mats of Beggiatoa. Interstitial-water compositions suggest that fluids consisting of hydrothermal and scawater components rise to the surface, often carrying a supply of sulfide of shal low origin; this in turn may serve as an energy source for the growth of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Studies of the com position of hydrothermally generated petroleum show that it is a condensate (C|-C2o hydrocarbons and polynuclcar aromatic hydrocarbons), and much of this material has migrated with the upward-advccling fluids from short depths below the sediment-water interface. The petroleum in the sediments is found mainly in fractures in silicacemented clasts and it is biodegraded. In the vent/mound, the petroleum is an unaltered condensate, indicating active migration that exceeds biodegradation.
Differences in human B cell differentiation.

A comparative approach to the study of immune system development has been extremely useful in our understanding of this complex process. For example, it was first experimentally demonstrated in chickens that the immune system had two antigen specific components, T and B cells. This dichotomy was subsequently found to exist in organisms as diverse as humans and frogs.1,2 Extrapolation of many findings in mammalian B cell differentiation can often be readily made between humans and mice. However, we will discuss several instances where models of B cell development that have been derived from murine systems do not appear to be directly applicable to humans. In some cases the apparent differences may simply be due to the experimental systems employed, but in others there may be fundamental differences between the two species. Since our purpose is not to minimize the value of comparative analysis, recent data concerning early B cell development in humans that most likely is true in mice will also be discussed.
Diagnosing Failures of Cloud Management Actions

Cloud management actions such as system patches and software updates are a regular activity in large-scale cloud deployments. Collected data shows that these actions have a high tendency of failures. System administrators currently spend hours on manual troubleshooting because limited solutions exist that can automatically diagnose such failures. This paper addresses the automatic analysis of cloud management action failures and determination of the root causes. The proposed failure diagnosis approach is able to identify the system attributes of cloud instances that are different in case of a failure. Furthermore, it doesn't require the knowledge of the source code. The design and implementation of the proposed solution are presented and it is evaluated using realistic management actions.
Each Law Student Must Take Increasing Ownership Over Professional Development During Law School

This article first analyzes how the competency of internalized ownership over continuous professional development is foundational for legal education’s evolution toward competency-based education. Each student’s growth toward later stages of this competency will provide substantial benefits to students as well as to faculty and staff at a law school. The article then looks at the importance that legal employers give to this foundational competency, and the obvious benefit to a student who can demonstrate evidence to potential employers that he or she is at a later stage of development on this competency. The article finally looks at what we know about effective curriculum to foster each student’s growth toward later stages of ownership.
Siamese Network for Dual-View Mammography Mass Matching

In a standard mammography screening procedure, two X-ray images are acquired per breast from two views. In this paper, we introduce a patch based, deep learning network for lesion matching in dual-view mammography using a Siamese network. Our method is evaluated on several datasets, among them the large freely available digital database for screening mammography (DDSM). We perform a comprehensive set of experiment, focusing on the mass correspondence problem. We analyze the effect of transfer learning between different types of dataset, compare the network based matching to classic template matching and evaluate the contribution of the matching network to the detection task. Experimental results show the promise in improving detection accuracy by our approach.
An asynchronous, interprofessional teams and teamwork experience for the first-exposure learner

Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial to prepare health professional students to provide collaborative care that promotes the quadruple aim. This four-week asynchronous experience included two readings focused on IPE followed by an online knowledge-based quiz, two team case scenarios, and pre- and post-surveys. This format was selected to deliver a foundational learning experience for a wide range of disciplines across multiple campuses. The overall objective was to instill foundational level knowledge of effective teamwork and teams that students can apply to teamwork with peers and in an IPE scenario. Specific competencies that were assessed included the ability of students to (1) describe the roles and practices of effective teams; (2) engage self and others to understand disagreements about values, roles, and actions that arise among health and other professionals; and (3) reflect on team performance individually and as part of a team. Objectives were assessed using the pre- and post-survey data. A total of 345 students from five disciplines and two campuses at one university enrolled in the course. By the end of the module, students were able to identify benefits and challenges to working in an interdisciplinary team and recognize the value that interprofessional teams can bring to a healthcare environment. This study is important because it uses an asynchronous, flexible approach to provide an IPE experience that helps to overcome commonly cited barriers and targets an often overseen audience, the first-exposure learner. Key resources included a learning management system that is accessible by all students and a teaching assistant to support the large number of students in the experience.
A Practical Method for the Stereoselective Generation of β-2-Deoxy Glycosyl Phosphates

β-2-Deoxy sugar nucleotides are substrates used by a variety of glycosyltransferases (Gtfs). We have developed a chemical route to synthesize β-2-deoxy sugar phosphates that starts from α-glycosyl chlorides. Our approach reliably provides access to a range of NDP β-2-deoxy sugars essential for studying glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of biologically active natural products.
La creación del primer paisaje colonial español en las Américas, Santo Domingo, 1492-1548*

Objetivo/contexto: este articulo documenta el proceso violento, imperfecto y sangriento que naturaliza el cianotipo de visualidad imperial espanola en Santo Domingo a partir de 1492, y que se expor...
Learning Sequence Models Discriminatively

In this chapter, I resolve two problems that you might not have noticed in the previous chapter. First, HMMs aren’t that natural for many sequences, because a model that represents (say) ink conditioned on (say) a letter is odd. Generative models like this must often do much more work than is required to solve a problem, and modelling the letter conditioned on the ink is usually much easier (this is why classifiers work). Second, in many applications you would want to learn a model that produces the right sequence of hidden states given a set of observed states, as opposed to maximizing likelihood.
A spatial epidemiology case study of mentally unhealthy days (MUDs): air pollution, community resilience, and sunlight perspectives.

The main objective of this spatial epidemiologic research is to gain greater insights into the geographic dimension displayed by the different duration of mentally unhealthy days (MUDs) across U.S....
A map of human breast cancer: new players in stromal-immune crosstalk.

Prominent accumulation of mesenchymal cells within tumors has long been appreciated, and recent studies suggest molecular and functional diversity of stromal components. In this issue, Wu et al (2020) employed single-cell RNA sequencing of primary human breast tumors and identified new subsets of stromal mesenchymal cells with distinct transcriptional profiles, tissue localization, and associative immune microenvironments.
Development of effective drying strategy with a combination of radio frequency (RF) and convective hot-air drying for inshell hazelnuts and enhancement of nut quality

Abstract Drying characteristics of combined radio frequency (RF) and hot-air (HA) were investigated for inshell hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.), which have air-gap between kernel and shell (shell, kernel, and air-gap between them). Inshell hazelnuts were subjected to HA, HA followed by RF (HAFRF), RF followed by HA (RFHA), and HA assisted RF (HARF) drying (simultaneous process). Fiber optic sensors were used to monitor temperature profiles for both hazelnut kernels and shells at three representative locations (center, edge, and corner) in a tray in 6-kW 27.12-MHz RF system with or without HA (~75 °C). RF heating resulted in higher kernel temperature than shell and was effective to remove kernel moisture. When RF heating was applied during or before HA drying, energy efficiency, drying efficacy, and nut quality were enhanced. This study provided a better understanding of drying characteristics of combined RF and HA process and suggested efficient RF-implemented drying strategies for inshell hazelnuts.
Voting for Populism in Europe: Globalization, Technological Change, and the Extreme Right:

What are the political consequences of economic globalization? Since the 1990s, scholars of European party politics have noted the rise of extremist parties, especially right-wing populist ones, an...
A Precise Analytical Model of the Grid Connected Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Machine

The Cascaded (Brushless) Doubly-Fed Induction Machine (CDFIM) is a promising substitute for the commonly used Doubly-Fed Induction Machines (DFIM) for wind power application. The CDFIM offers reliable performance and low maintenance due to the absence of slip rings and graphite brushes. In this study, a detailed analytical model for the CDFIM is proposed in order to clearly show the input (i.e., current from inverter side) and output (i.e., total output torque) relationship. The proposed model is expressed in the frequency (Laplace) domain. Field oriented (i.e., vector) control approach is adopted in order to achieve a precise dynamic model for the grid connected CDFIM. Each term of the derived relationship is classified into the possible types of torque based on the term's nature and then is discussed in detail. Then, the steady state and dynamic behavior of these terms are presented and explained individually. The total output torque dynamic response is calculated both analytically and numerically in a simulation environment, and the results are compared.
Test a Witness's Memory of a Suspect Only Once.

Eyewitness misidentifications are almost always made with high confidence in the courtroom. The courtroom is where eyewitnesses make their last identification of defendants suspected of (and charge...
Chaos in spin glasses revealed through thermal boundary conditions

We study the fragility of spin glasses to small temperature perturbations numerically using population annealing Monte Carlo. We apply thermal boundary conditions to a three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass. In thermal boundary conditions all eight combinations of periodic versus antiperiodic boundary conditions in the three spatial directions are present, each appearing in the ensemble with its respective statistical weight determined by its free energy. We show that temperature chaos is revealed in the statistics of crossings in the free energy for different boundary conditions. By studying the energy difference between boundary conditions at free-energy crossings, we determine the domain-wall fractal dimension. Similarly, by studying the number of crossings, we determine the chaos exponent. Our results also show that computational hardness in spin glasses and the presence of chaos are closely related.
The Costs of Transitivity: Thoughts on Larry Temkin’s Rethinking the Good

In Rethinking the Good, Larry Temkin argues that the common belief in the transitivity of better than (all things considered) is incompatible with various other value judgments to which many of us are deeply committed; accordingly, we should take seriously the possibility that the better than relation is not, in fact, a transitive one. However, although Temkin is right, I think, about the mutual incompatibility of the beliefs in question, for the most part his examples don’t leave me inclined to deny transitivity. Nonetheless, there is one example, involving infinity, that does seem to me particularly troubling.
Going High with Heart Disease: The Effect of High Altitude Exposure in Older Individuals and Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Abstract Levine, Benjamin D. Going high with heart disease: The effect of high altitude exposure in older individuals and patients with coronary artery disease. High Alt Med Biol 16:89–96, 2015.—Ischemic heart disease is the largest cause of death in older men and women in the western world (Lozano et al., 2012; Roth et al., 2015). Atherosclerosis progresses with age, and thus age is the dominant risk factor for coronary heart disease in any algorithm used to assess risk for cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis also increases with age, providing the substrate for precipitation of acute coronary syndromes. Thus the risk of high altitude exposure in older individuals is linked closely with both subclinical and manifest coronary heart disease (CHD). There are several considerations associated with taking patients with CHD to high altitude: a) The reduced oxygen availability may cause or exacerbate symptoms; b) The hypoxia and other associated environmental conditions (exercise, dehydration, cha...
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THALIDOMIDE AND TRYPAN BLUE ON UTERI AND CONCEPTI OF GRAVID MICE.

A GREAT many conditions and materials can produce embryonic and fetal malformations.‘ss 27s 34 In recent years numerous reports of the morphological effects from the intake or administration of thalidomide upon pregnant mammals have been published. To indicate a few of the reports which described birth defects were those concerned with women,z2~ 24. 34. 44, 47, 48 monkeyqz5 rabbits, 9. 11. 42, 46 and rodents.‘, 11, 19, 32 The rat has been apparently more resistant to the induction of fetal defects with thalidomide5* !I( I’* “3 4?. ” in spite of the fact that tagged thalidomide can be rapidly absorbed into the tissueszs Electroencephalographic methods have revealed the effect of thalidomide in altering the electrical potentials of the central nervous system.l”, %’ It has also been reported that abnormal maternal metabolism can cause changes in the volume of the amniotic fluids of rodents and humans.“, I3 The purposes of this study were first, to
“Clicks and bricks”:: e-Risk Management for banks in the age of the Internet

Abstract The banking industry realizes that a vital and profitable segment of its clientele demands a significant online presence that complements the traditional “bricks and mortar” presence. A virtual minefield of traditional and new issues and risks arises as banks adopt 24/7 transactional websites in their pursuit of a “clicks and bricks” strategy. Banks face operational, security, legal, and reputation risk with their foray into online banking. An innovative and proactive approach to risk management is essential as banks move into this new territory. Recent regulatory and legislative developments suggest that as electronic banking evolves, the earlier regulatory stance of “self-regulation” appears to be changing to one of increased scrutiny.
The Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996: Long-Term Implications for Poor Americans

This paper examines the impact of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 on the social and economic predicament of poor Americans. This paper evaluates the correlation which may exist between the PRWORA of 1996 and changes observed among key social and economic indicators specific to low-income Americans. The main objective of this is review is to determine if the PRWORA effectively improved the social and economic condition of poor Americans using income, employment and poverty rates as the primary evaluation criteria. This paper also examines the possible adverse impact of changes in the way programs for low-income families with dependent children are funded. Particularly the impact of a decreased emphasis on education attainment and job training.
Molecular mechanisms of pH‐driven conformational transitions of proteins: Insights from continuum electrostatics calculations of acid unfolding

The acid unfolding of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) is very cooperative (Whitten and Garcia-Moreno, Biochemistry 2000;39:14292-14304). As many as seven hydrogen ions (H+) are bound preferentially by the acid-unfolded state relative to the native (N) state in the pH range 3.2-3.9. To investigate the mechanism of acid unfolding, structure-based pKa calculations were performed with a variety of continuum electrostatic methods. The calculations reproduced successfully the H+ binding properties of the N state between pH 5 and 9, but they systematically overestimated the number of H+ bound upon acid unfolding. The calculated pKa values of all carboxylic residues in the N state were more depressed than they should be. The discrepancy between the observed and the calculated H+ uptake upon acid unfolding was not improved by using high protein dielectric constants, structures relaxed with molecular dynamics, or other empirical modifications implemented previously by others to maximize agreement between measured and calculated pKa values. This suggests an important role for conformational fluctuations of the backbone as important determinants of pKa values of carboxylic groups. Because no global or subglobal conformational changes have been observed previously for SNase under acidic conditions above the acid-unfolding region, these fluctuations must be local. The acid unfolding of SNase does not seem to involve the disruption of the N state by accruement of intramolecular repulsive interactions, nor the protonation of key ion paired carboxylic residues. It is more consistent with modest contributions from many H+ binding groups, with an important role for local conformational fluctuations in the coupling between H+ binding and the global structural transition.
The quality of scientific scholarship and the “graying” of the academic profession: A skeptical view

The results of a number of citation studies have been utilized to support the view that the “graying” of the academic profession will have no impact on the quality of work produced in various scientific disciplines. This conclusion is challenged. It is argued that citations may not indicate the most innovative and creative work, that age may be negatively related to the creation and reception of innovative work, and that the age structure of a scientific community may have an impact on the ability of innovative work to be produced and accepted.