cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on Preventive Effect of Different Agents Soaking on Bakanae Disease of Rice

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effective control methods and effective agents of rice bakanae disease in soaking links. [Method] Taking the rice variety Jiahe 218 as material, the effective agents for controlling rice bakanae disease were studied, by using different agents for soaking in the germination stage. [Result] King guard(JS399) pharmacy bakanae soaked rice had a good control effect, and the germination rate of JS399 with two kinds of soaking concentration and water soaking had small differences. This agent had high security on rice, and had relatively good control effect for the rice bakanae disease. So it could be applied in the production. [Conclusion] King guard(JS399) could be applied to control rice bakanae disease.
Wind Power Accommodation by Combined Heat and Power Plant with Electric Boiler and Its National Economic Evaluation

Confronted by the problem of tremendous curtailment of wind power in the power grids of Northeast China,North China and Northwest China during heating period in winter,it is proposed that the constraint of forced power output determined by heat be decoupled by installing an electric boiler in the thermoelectric plant.The basic operating principles of the method are described,the implementation mechanism discussed,the mathematical model for evaluating its coal-saving benefit and role in national economy is developed,and the influencing factors are analyzed.The theoretical analysis and realistic examples show that the method is both coal-saving and economically feasible for the power grids of Northeast China,North China and Northwest China with significantly curtailed wind power.
Clinical Prediction Models for Sleep Apnea: The Importance of Medical History over Symptoms

Study Objective:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a treatable contributor to morbidity and mortality. However, most patients with OSA remain undiagnosed. We used a new machine learning method known ...
Murine coronavirus induces an acute and long-lasting disease of the retina

The ability of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM, to grow in the retinas of BALB/c mice was examined. Inoculation into the vitreous chamber produced significant changes. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with either monoclonal or polyclonal antiserum revealed coronaviral antigens in the iris, ciliary body, and a few ganglion cells on day 1. The retinal pigment epithelial cells began expressing viral antigen on day 2 and large amounts of antigen were present in these cells on day 3. Viral antigens were detected in all layers of the neural retina by day 6 and were absent after day 7. Infectious virus was recovered from retinas harvested at 5 days. The drop in viral antigen expression was correlated with an elevation in virus-specific antibody; the latter began to rise on day 5 and plateaued after day 8. In hematoxylin and eosin- or periodic acid -Schiff-stained sections of virus-inoculated left eyes, but not mock-inoculated right eyes, lesions spanning all layers of the neural retina were detected by day 3. Subsequently abnormalities in retinal pigment epithelial cells appeared, sometimes around the entire circumference of the retina. Significant retinal abnormalities, notably photoreceptor degeneration, persisted through 6 weeks. These results demonstrate that coronaviruses can cause acute infection of the posterior pole of the eye, resulting in only a mild inflammatory response and long-lasting disease. This murine disease may be considered a model for degenerative diseases of the pigment epithelium and photoreceptors in man.
Evolution of castes in Polistes

A novel hypothesis for the origin of castes in Polistes has recently been proposed: the worker and gyne castes among offspring of a Polistes colony are based on the underlying ground plan of reproductive physiology that would have characterized the non-diapause and diapause generations of a bivoltine solitary vespid wasp. Here the hypothesis is reviewed in light of the dynamic nature of diapause expression in insects in general, and it is re-named the diapause ground plan hypothesis. The diapause ground plan hypothesis differs in several significant aspects from an existing hypothesis for the origin of castes - the ovarian ground plan hypothesis. Phylogenetic implications of the diapause ground plan hypothesis also are in discord with the currently accepted classification of Vespidae, and the diapause ground plan hypothesis has been challenged for its failure to address multiple levels of analysis. Each of these areas of discord is described, and key points of difference between the diapause ground plan hypothesis and competing hypotheses are identified. Strong inference - the explicit testing of a hypothesis for possible rejection - is proposed as the most efficacious route to clearer understanding of the evolution of the castes in Polistes. Specific suggestions for some strong tests of competing hypotheses are proposed.
Sonocrystallization of Interesterified Fats with 20 and 30% C16:0 at sn-2 Position

The objective of this study was to induce crystallization in enzymatically interesterified fats (IE) with 20 and 30% palmitic acid at the sn-2 position using high intensity ultrasound (HIU). The physical blends (PB) used to prepare these two IE were consisted of tripalmitin and high oleic sunflower oil and contained 13.2 and 27.1% tripalmitin, respectively. Crystallization behavior of IE was compared with PB at supercoolings of 9, 6 and 3 °C. Results show that the melting point, SFC, and crystallization rate of PB were higher than IE and were driven mainly by tripalmitin content. HIU induced crystallization and generated small crystals in the IE samples. At 9 °C supercooling, sonication did not increase the viscosity of IE C16:0 20%, while that of the IE C16:0 30% increased significantly from 192.4 ± 118.9 to 3297.7 ± 1368.6 Pa·s. The elastic modulus (G’) for IE C16:0 30% increased from 12521 ± 2739.8 to 75076.7 ± 18259 Pa upon sonication at 9 °C supercooling, while the G’ of the IE C16:0 20% did not increase. Similar behavior was observed for the other supercoolings tested. This research suggests that HIU can improve the functional properties of IE with low content of C16:0 creating more viscous and elastic materials. These fats with low C16:0 content and improved functional properties could be used as trans-free fat alternatives.
Carrier confinement and bond softening in photoexcited bismuth films

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of bismuth thin films has revealed strong dependencies of reflectivity and phonon frequency on film thickness in the range of $25\ensuremath{-}40\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The reflectivity variations are ascribed to distinct electronic structures originating from strongly varying electronic temperatures and proximity of the film thickness to the optical penetration depth of visible light. The phonon frequency is redshifted by an amount that increases with decreasing film thickness under the same excitation fluence, indicating carrier density-dependent bond softening that increases due to suppressed diffusion of carriers away from the photoexcited region in thin films. The results have significant implications for nonthermal melting of bismuth as well as lattice heating due to inelastic electron-phonon scattering.
An evolve‐then‐filter regularized reduced order model for convection‐dominated flows

Summary In this paper, we propose a new evolve-then-filter reduced order model (EF-ROM). This is a regularized ROM (Reg-ROM), which aims to add numerical stabilization to proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) ROMs for convection-dominated flows. We also consider the Leray ROM (L-ROM). These two Reg-ROMs use explicit ROM spatial filtering to smooth (regularize) various terms in the ROMs. Two spatial filters are used: a POD projection onto a POD subspace (Proj) and a new POD differential filter (DF). The four Reg-ROM/filter combinations are tested in the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number Re = 1000. Overall, the most accurate Reg-ROM/filter combination is EF-ROM-DF. Furthermore, the spatial filter has a higher impact on the Reg-ROM than the regularization used. Indeed, the DF generally yields better results than Proj for both the EF-ROM and L-ROM. Finally, the CPU times of the four Reg-ROM/filter combinations are orders of magnitude lower than the CPU time of the DNS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Management of Cerebral Edema/Intracranial Pressure in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Ischemic stroke causes cerebral injury that can result in significant cerebral edema. Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) can result from and is associated with shifts in cerebral architecture due to the development of focal edema causing compression of adjacent structures. Ischemia-associated brain swelling can result in neurological deficits such as depressed consciousness, cranial nerve palsies, respiratory failure, and motor deficits. Medical management can reduce cerebral edema and can often prevent clinical worsening. Surgical decompression, when performed before the occurrence of devastating neurological deficits in select patients, may be beneficial in terms of morbidity and mortality. ICP monitoring and cerebrospinal fluid diversion are not routinely recommended because of the insufficient evidence of their benefits and inherent risks. Recent advances in interventional stroke treatment can often prevent a patient from developing a malignant stroke syndrome secondary to cerebral edema.
Denervation of the extrinsic cardiac sympathetic nervous system as a treatment modality for arrhythmia

Denervation of the extrinsic cardiac sympathetic nervous system is a method of altering the autonomic tone experienced by the heart and vasculature. It has been studied and employed as a therapy for cardiac disease for decades. Currently, there is a high level of interest in using cardiac denervation for treatment of arrhythmias. This review describes the anatomy and physiology of the cardiac autonomic nervous system followed by a discussion of the mechanistic studies which provide a basis for the therapeutic use of sympathetic denervation. The clinical research supporting its use in human arrhythmias is then appraised, covering the standard indications, such as long QT syndrome, as well as future possibilities. Last, a detailed account of the methods for performing surgical cardiac denervation and percutaneous stellate ganglion anesthetic block is provided, including the complications of each procedure. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiac autonomic nervous system along with the techniques of surgical denervation and percutaneous anesthetic block will allow the clinician to effectively discuss and implement these therapies.
Whole body CT versus selective radiological imaging strategy in trauma: an evidence-based clinical review

Abstract Background Trauma patients often present with injuries requiring resuscitation and further evaluation. Many providers advocate for whole body computed tomography (WBCT) for rapid and comprehensive diagnosis of life-threatening injuries. Objective Evaluate the literature concerning mortality effect, emergency department (ED) length of stay, radiation, and incidental findings associated with WBCT. Discussion Physicians have historically relied upon history and physical examination to diagnose life-threatening injuries in trauma. Diagnostic imaging modalities including radiographs, ultrasound, and computed tomography have demonstrated utility in injury detection. Many centers routinely utilize WBCT based on the premise this test will improve mortality. However, WBCT may increase radiation and incidental findings when used without considering pre-test probability of actionable traumatic injuries. Studies supporting WBCT are predominantly retrospective and incorporate trauma scoring systems, which have significant design weaknesses. The recent REACT-2 trial randomized trauma patients with high index of suspicion for actionable injuries to WBCT versus selective imaging and found no mortality difference. Additional prospective trials evaluating WBCT in specific trauma subgroups (e.g. polytrauma) are needed to evaluate benefit. In the interim, the available data suggests clinicians should adopt a selective imaging strategy driven by history and physical examination. Conclusions While observational data suggests an association between WBCT and a benefit in mortality and ED length of stay, randomized controlled data suggests no mortality benefit to this diagnostic tool. The literature would benefit from confirmatory studies of the use of WBCT in trauma sub-groups to clarify its impact on mortality for patients with specific injury patterns.
Evaluation of single cell protein from pulp mills: laboratory analyses and in vivo digestibility.

Single cell protein (SCP) derived from secondary clarifiers of pulp mills is a potential commercial protein supplement in many areas. Samples of SCP were collected from several pulp mills in the Pacific Northwest and evaluated by laboratory procedures. Six in vivo digestion trials were conducted to determine the relative nutritive value of SCP that was dewatered by centrifugation or by the addition of a polyacrylamide polymer before being put through a belt press and dried with a sonic dehydrator. Amino acid analyses showed that SCP was higher in methionine than was cottonseed meal (CSM) and had a similar level of lysine. True protein, based upon amino acids recovered in SCP samples, ranged from 51.6 to 65.9% of the crude protein (CP). Pepsin digestibility of the CP ranged from 16.2 to 36.8%. Pepsin digestibility increased by 6.3 to 11.3 percentage units when SCP were incubated in a buffered rumen fluid for 24 hours. Solubility of the nitrogenous components in 10% Burroughs' buffer solution ranged from 12.4 to 36.5%. The range in mineral composition was : P, .62 to 1.55%; Ca, .14 to .99%; K, .21 to 5.52%; Mg, .07 to .59%. The concentration of trace minerals and heavy metals varied considerably from sample to sample. Digestion trials were conducted with sheep to compare SCP with CSM; 20 to 50% of the total CP was provided by the SCP sources. The CP digestibilities of the centrifuged and the polymer-dewatered SCP were 70.5 to 70.8% and 66.3 to 69.9%, respectively, of that observed for CSM. In all digestion trials, sheep consumed the SCP diets readily, and no digestive disturbances were observed. On the basis of laboratory and in vivo results, pulp mill SCP has the potential to be a viable protein supplement for livestock.
Discovering Change-Point Patterns in Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity of a Population

This paper seeks to discover common change-point patterns, associated with functional connectivity (FC) in human brain, across multiple subjects. FC, represented as a covariance or a correlation matrix, relates to the similarity of fMRI responses across different brain regions, when a brain is simply resting or performing a task under an external stimulus. While the dynamical nature of FC is well accepted, this paper develops a formal statistical test for finding change-points in times series associated with FC observed over time. It represents instantaneous connectivity by a symmetric positive-definite matrix, and uses a Riemannian metric on this space to develop a graphical method for detecting change-points in a time series of such matrices. It also provides a graphical representation of estimated FC for stationary subintervals in between detected change-points. Furthermore, it uses a temporal alignment of the test statistic, viewed as a real-valued function over time, to remove temporal variability and to discover common change-point patterns across subjects, tasks, and regions. This method is illustrated using HCP database for multiple subjects and tasks.
Fate of 60Co at a sludge land application site.

Vertical distributions of Co-60 are determined in soil cores obtained from a 10-hectare grassland, where anaerobically-digested sludge was applied by surface spraying from 1986 to 1995 on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Reservation. These results, along with historical application records, are used to estimate vertical-migration rates and perform a mass balance. The presence of Co-60 results solely from the sludge-application process. Soil, vegetation, and surface-water samples were collected. Eleven soil cores were sectioned into 3-cm increments and analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry. No Co-60 was detected in the vegetation or water samples. The downward migration rate of Co-60 in the upper 15 cm of soil ranged from 0.50 to 0.73 cm/yr. About 98 percent, 0.020 ± 0.011 Bq/cm2, of Co-60 remained in the upper 15 cm of soil, which compared favorably with the expected Co-60 activity based on historical records of 0.019 ± 0.010 Bq/cm2.
Transmission through an inhomogeneous dielectric-loaded slot in an infinite metallic shield of finite thickness

Extraordinary transmission through an inhomoge-neous dielectric loaded slot in a an infinite metallic shield of finite thickness is demonstrated. We show that frequency intervals between resonances can be controlled by introducing a region of different dielectric constant within the slot.
A new dynamic PV firming control algorithm using grid-tied three-port micro-converter

With the demand increase for electricity, the ever-increasing awareness of environmental issues, coupled with rolling blackouts, the role of renewable energy generation will become even more significant. Instead of the traditional high-power energy storage and management system at the utility scale to implement PV firming, this paper proposes a new PV (panel-level) firming control algorithm using grid-tied three-port bidirectional converter. The topology with the control algorithm and PV intermittency data collected in real time are discussed and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The preliminary experimental results verify the proposed PV firming algorithm.
Characterization of Patient Interest in Provider-Based Consumer Health Information Technology: Survey Study

Background: Consumer health information technology can improve patient engagement in their health care and assist in navigating the complexities of health care delivery. However, the consumer health information technology offerings of health systems are often driven by provider rather than patient perspectives and inadequately address patient needs, thus limiting their adoption by patients. Consideration given to patients as stakeholders in the development of such technologies may improve adoption, efficacy, and consumer health information technology resource allocation. Objective: The aims of this paper were to measure patient interest in different health system consumer health information technology apps and determine the influence of patient characteristics on consumer health information technology interest. Methods: Patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute were electronically surveyed on their interest in using different consumer health information technology apps. A self-efficacy scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screen, and EuroQol 5 dimensions health-related quality of life scale were also completed by patients. Logistic regression was used to determine the influence of patient characteristics on interest in consumer health information technology in the categories of self-management, education, and communication. Results: The majority of 3852 patient respondents had an interest in all technology categories assessed in the survey. The highest interest was in apps that allow patients to ask questions of providers (3476/3852, 90.24%) and to schedule appointments (3211/3839, 83.64%). Patient interest in consumer health information technology was significantly associated with greater depression symptoms, worse quality of life, greater health self-efficacy, and smartphone ownership (P<.001 for all listed). Conclusions: Patients should be viewed as active stakeholders in consumer health information technology development and their perspectives should consistently guide development efforts. Health systems should consider focusing on consumer health information technologies that assist patients in scheduling appointments and asking questions of providers. Patients with depression should also be considered for targeted consumer health information technology implementation. Health self-efficacy is a valid predictor of consumer health information technology interest and may play a role in the utilization of consumer health information technologies. Health systems, broadly, should put forth greater effort to understand the needs and interests of patients in the consumer health information technology development process. Consumer health information technology design and implementation may be improved by understanding which technologies patients want. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(4):e128]
The role of severity perceptions and beliefs in natural infections in Shanghai parents' vaccine decision-making: a qualitative study.

China has reduced incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases through its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Vaccines outside of the EPI are not provided for free by the government, however. This study explored how the stated importance of different disease and vaccine-related attributes interacted with beliefs about the immune system of a child to affect Chinese parents’ decision to obtain a non-EPI vaccine. Mothers and fathers of young children at immunization clinics in Shanghai, China, were interviewed about vaccine decision-making and what attributes of a disease were important when making this decision. An inductive thematic analysis explored their beliefs about disease attributes and how these related to vaccination decisions. Among the 34 interviews, severity of the disease—particularly in causing long-term disability—was the most commonly cited factor influencing a parent’s decision to get a vaccine for their child. Many parents believed that natural infection was preferable to vaccination, as long as disease was not severe, and many were concerned that imported vaccines were inadequate for Chinese children’s physical constitutions. All these beliefs could influence the decision to vaccinate. Many parents do not appear to understand how and why vaccines can support development of a healthy immune system. Because severity emerged as parents’ overriding concern when making decisions about vaccines, marketing for a childhood vaccine could focus on the severe condition that a vaccine can protect against.
siRNA Knockdown of Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells

Cultured endothelial cells are renowned for being difficult to transfect, whether for the purpose of exogenous over-expression of plasmid DNA or for genetic knockdown via silencing RNA. Therefore, optimal conditions are absolutely necessary for achieving relatively high transfection efficiency coupled with low cellular toxicity in endothelial cells. This chapter will detail an optimized protocol that has been shown to knockdown gene expression using siRNA in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) - perhaps the most widely utilized endothelial cell line for vascular research. While developed for optimal siRNA transfection of HUVECs, aspects of this protocol can be empirically modified to yield efficient siRNA transfection in most other cell lines.
Solving Stackelberg games with uncertain observability

Recent applications of game theory in security domains use algorithms to solve a Stackelberg model, in which one player (the leader) first commits to a mixed strategy and then the other player (the follower) observes that strategy and best-responds to it. However, in real-world applications, it is hard to determine whether the follower is actually able to observe the leader's mixed strategy before acting.In this paper, we model the uncertainty about whether the follower is able to observe the leader's strategy as part of the game (as proposed in the extended version of Yin et al. [17]). We describe an iterative algorithm for solving these games. This algorithm alternates between calling a Nash equilibrium solver and a Stackelberg solver as subroutines. We prove that the algorithm finds a solution in a finite number of steps and show empirically that it runs fast on games of reasonable size. We also discuss other properties of this methodology based on the experiments.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSM) or peroneal muscular atrophy and is a group of disorders that affect peripheral nerves. The disease affects both motor and sensory peripheral nerves primarily in the lower extremities, causing sensory deficits and pain, muscle weakness, and atrophy, from adolescence onward. Studies have found that disease-related maternal weakness and sensory problems may be exacerbated by pregnancy in a third of women with the disease. CMT may be an independent predictor of pregnancy-related complications such as postpartum hemorrhage and abnormal fetal presentation. Other manifestations of CMT disease in the parturient population include lower extremity contractures, orthopedic injury, and very rarely respiratory failure secondary to muscle weakness and the pulmonary restrictive component of pregnancy.
A Redox Strategy for Light-Driven, Out-of-Equilibrium Isomerizations and Application to Catalytic C-C Bond Cleavage Reactions

We report a general protocol for the light-driven isomerization of cyclic aliphatic alcohols to linear carbonyl compounds. These reactions proceed via proton-coupled electron-transfer activation of alcohol O–H bonds followed by subsequent C–C β-scission of the resulting alkoxy radical intermediates. In many cases, these redox-neutral isomerizations proceed in opposition to a significant energetic gradient, yielding products that are less thermodynamically stable than the starting materials. A mechanism is presented to rationalize this out-of-equilibrium behavior that may serve as a model for the design of other contrathermodynamic transformations driven by excited-state redox events.
19 Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology has two general definitions: broadly as a field of science that applies psychology to legal issues, and narrowly as a professional specialty in practice. The history of forensic psychology is reviewed from both of those perspectives, but with emphasis on the formal development of forensic psychological practice, which has been established only within the past 40 years. The latter history focuses on the field's development of professional organizations, literature, training mechanisms, and most recently its formal recognition as a specialty by the American Psychological Association. Finally, historical perspectives are offered on advances in forensic psychological practice and on forensic psychological science. Keywords: psychology; forensic; law; ethics; standards
The "unwanted horse"--a modest proposal.

The power of words to mislead is well known to philosophers, but perhaps not as well known to others. An extreme philosophical example comes from the work of the 19th century philosopher Alexius Von Meinong. Meinong argued that proper nouns named real entities, and he asked what proper nouns like Superman or Thor or Mickey Mouse named. In his view, such fictitious names did not refer to nothing. After all, while Superman refers to a baby from Krypton who grew up in Smallville and hid his true identity as “mild-mannered Clark Kent,” Thor denotes the Thunder God who resides in Valhalla among the Norse pantheon. Clearly, those names represent different individuals. Although those individuals do not exist in our world, they must have some existent status in order for us to talk about them. Meinong concluded that anything we can talk about has some kind of existence, and not just as an idea, because Thor differs from “the idea of Thor.” As a result, Meinong’s world was vastly overpopulated.
Emergency department utilization during the first year of life among infants born to women at risk of disability.

Abstract Background Women with disabilities are at risk for poor birth outcomes. Little is known about longer-term health and healthcare utilization of infants of women with disabilities. Objectives We identified women at risk for disability and evaluated their infants’ emergency department (ED) utilization during the first year of life. Study design This population-based cohort study used Massachusetts 2007–2009 birth certificates linked to 2007–2010 hospital discharge data. Access Risk Classification System categorized ICD-9 CM/CPT codes into disability risk categories. Infant ED visits were evaluated overall and by severity (emergent/intermediate vs. non-emergent). Cox proportional hazards models provided adjusted estimates. Results were stratified by gestational age (preterm, Results Of 218,599 women, 6.7% were at risk of disability. Infants born to women at risk had a higher rate of ED visits in their first year than infants born to women not at risk: 0.85 visits/person-year (95% CI 0.84–0.87) vs. 0.55 (0.55–0.55) for term, 0.74 (0.70–0.77) vs. 0.55 (0.54–0.56) for preterm. Utilization varied by maternal diagnosis. Emergent/intermediate and non-emergent visits were both elevated among infants born to women at risk for disability. In adjusted analyses, term infants of women with musculoskeletal diagnoses (HR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and preterm infants of women with circulatory diagnoses (HR = 1.2, 1.0–1.3) had the highest hazards of ED visit vs. infants of women not at risk of disability. Conclusion Maternal disability risk is associated with postnatal infant ED utilization; utilization varies by maternal diagnosis. Interventions to improve health of infants born to women with disabilities are warranted.
Fuzzy Analytical Solution for Activity Duration Estimation under Uncertainty

AbstractThe dynamic nature of construction projects triggers uncertainty in activity durations. Several approaches such as interval analysis, probabilistic models, and fuzzy set theory have been pr...
Does cultural competency training matter? A national study of anti-gay bias among cancer care professionals.

Abstract Purpose This study examined whether higher levels of self-reported cultural competency training were associated with less anti-gay bias among a cancer healthcare provider sample (n = 404) recruited in January 2017. Methods A factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine anti-gay bias across professional role, sex and level of cultural competency training using the Index of Attitudes on Homosexuality (IAH). Results Females, F(1, 396) = 8.861, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.022, and those who reported higher levels of cultural training, F(1, 396) = 6.136, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.015 had lower mean IAH composite scores than men or those with lower levels of training, respectively. Females reported statistically significantly lower mean scores than males for Avoidance, F(1, 396) = 14.105, p Conclusion Findings suggest that cultural competency training may moderate some aspects of anti-gay bias. Practice implications Cultural competency training may be one important strategy to improve care for sexual minority patients.
OBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY IN THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL HERMENEUTICS OF PAUL RICŒUR: THE QUESTION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INTERDISCIPLINARY THEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

The article offers a brief overview of the methodology of the French philosopher Paul Ricœur in the context of theological research. This methodology gives an opportunity to explore human experience within scientific discourse. The phenomenological hermeneutics expands the horizons of the usual methodology and shows the relationship between subjective and objective, immanent and transcendental in human experience. The article emphasizes the importance of such key categories as the Other, trust, humility of a researcher, etc., which make an indispensable tool for studying texts about the existential, religious and critical experience of man within the scientific discourse of humanitarian studies. The relationship of trust with the Other becomes the main key in theological research, since God as Other, according to the message of the apostle John, is recognized through love for your neighbor (1 John 4:20-21). Love God is the first task of a theologian, the Other is the way to this love. Examples from phenomenological hermeneutics of Paul Ricœur reveal a logical connection between understanding the Other and understanding of oneself. It is finally emphasized that the experience of each person is a mysterious experience of transcending beyond yourself, this is an endless attempt to come closer to the true image of God.
Satiety does not affect neuroaffective electrophysiological responses to food-related or emotional visual cues

Continuing to eat even when full leads to excessive calorie consumption and obesity. Thus, understanding brain responses to food cues when satiated has important implications for weight control interventions. We used the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the event-related potentials (ERP) indexing motivational relevance) to determine the extent to which satiety affects brain responses to images of highly palatable foods (high-fat, high-sugar), high and low motivationally relevant (pleasant, unpleasant) and neutral stimuli in a sample of obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals. Satiated individuals (N = 55, 21 with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were fed a nutritional drink prior to the experimental session and were individually matched with 55 unsatiated individuals who saw the same images during a passive viewing task. Satiety did not affect LPP response to food-related or motivationally relevant cues in either BMI < 25 kg/m2 or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals (p = .6). Irrespective of satiety, all participants showed larger LPPs as a function of the images' motivational relevance. There were no differences in LPP amplitude between BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals for any picture category, including food. However, within-group comparisons showed that BMI < 25 kg/m2 individuals had larger LPPs to low motivationally relevant pleasant images than to food-related cues (p < .001); this difference was not significant for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals. Although satiety does not affect LPP responses to food-related cues, these results highlight the importance of evaluating reactivity to food-related cues in relation to other motivationally relevant stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Effect of Pasteurization Temperature on Immunoglobulin G, Viscosity and Pathogen Viability in Bovine Colostrum

Calves with failure of passive transfer are much more susceptible to disease and death than calves with adequate colostral immunoglobulin G (lgG) absorption. Although colostrum is vital to calf health, it can also serve as a vector for pathogens such as Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease. While batch pasteurization at traditional times and temperatures (145°F [63°C] for 30 minutes) will kill pathogens in colostrum, it destroys significant amounts of lgG. Our objective was to determine if we could use a lower temperature/longer time approach to kill pathogens while still preserving IgG content and activity.
Custom Metallic Prostheses After Failed Total Ankle Replacement

Failed total ankle replacement can be a catastrophic complication for both the patient and surgeon. The most devastating loss is usually on the talar side of the joint where there is often little to no structural support for a conventional or revision talar prosthesis. The development of a custom metallic prosthesis or total talus prosthesis (TTP) has allowed patients with significant bone loss to maintain a total ankle replacement and avoid complicated arthrodesis or amputation. Careful patient selection and preoperative planning is key for a successful outcome. In cases where the amount of bone loss in the talus prevents the use of revision implants, the TTP is proving to be a reliable and predictable option that provides continued motion at the tibiotalar and oftentimes the subtalar joint.
Understanding Speed–Accuracy Processing Dynamics in Aphasia Using Response Time Modeling

People with aphasia demonstrate language impairments evident in both performance accuracy and processing speed, but the direct relationship between accuracy and speed requires further consideration. This article describes two recent attempts to make quantitative progress in this domain using response time modeling: the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) applied to two-choice tasks and a multinomial ex-Gaussian model applied to picture naming. The diffusion model may be used to characterize core linguistic processing efficiency and speed–accuracy tradeoffs independently, and research suggests that maladaptive speed–accuracy tradeoffs lead to performance impairments in at least some people with aphasia. The multinomial ex-Gaussian response time model of picture naming provides a simple and straightforward way to estimate the optimal response time cutoffs for individual people with aphasia (i.e., the cutoff where additional time is unlikely to lead to a correct response). While response time modeling applied to aphasia research is at an early stage of development, both the diffusion model and multinomial ex-Gaussian response time model of picture naming show promise and should be further developed in future work. This article also provides preliminary recommendations for clinicians regarding how to conceptualize, identify, and potentially address maladaptive speed–accuracy tradeoffs for people with aphasia.
Rates of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with CHEK2 mutations in a large healthcare system

Objectives: CHEK2 mutations are associated with increased risk of breast, colon, and prostate cancer but not ovarian cancer. Our study investigated if women with CHEK2 mutations underwent risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomies (RRSO), despite no known risk of ovarian cancer associated with CHEK2, and if personal or family history of ovarian cancer was related to uptake of salpingo-oophorectomy. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2015-2018 in a large integrated healthcare system. Eligible patients were female, at least 18 years old and identified as CHEK2 mutation carriers. Those with concurrent non-CHEK2 pathogenic gene mutations were excluded. Surgical indications, personal history, family history up to third degree relatives, and mutation type were collected retrospectively. Primary outcome was RRSO rates among women with pathogenic CHEK2 mutation. Secondary outcomes included association of personal and family cancer history in patients with salpingo-oophorectomy. Results: Of 11,640 men and women who had genetic testing, 150 (1.3%) were identified with pathogenic CHEK2 mutation. 37 patients were excluded because they had more than one gene mutation, and 11 men in the remaining cohort were excluded, resulting in 102 women with a pathogenic CHEK2 mutation in the final cohort. A total of eighteen (18%) patients underwent uni- or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) for any reason, and six (6%) were for risk-reduction. Mean age at time of surgery was 53.0 years for all patients who underwent salpingo-oophorectomy and 54.4 years for those who underwent RRSO. Four (4%) patients total had personal history of ovarian cancer. 24 (24%) patients had family history of ovarian cancer. Four (67%) of the six patients who underwent RRSO had family history of ovarian cancer (p=0.03). Of the two patients without family history: one chose to have BSO for risk-reducing purposes as opposed to follow up for a unilateral benign ovarian cyst after being counseled that there was no increased risk of ovarian cancer and the other chose BSO for hormonal management of breast cancer but also cited risk reduction of ovarian cancer as an indication. Conclusions: Although, personal history of ovarian cancer is uncommon, family history of ovarian cancer is present in almost one quarter of CHEK2 mutation carriers. Most women with CHEK2 mutations did not have RRSO and the majority of those who chose RRSO had family history of ovarian cancer. This suggests that women and providers correctly assessed risk of ovarian cancer related to CHEK2, with few electing for RRSO because of increased perceived risk.
Evaluation of the Visby medical COVID-19 point of care nucleic acid amplification test.

Rapid and widespread diagnostic testing is critical to providing timely patient care and reducing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, the Visby Medical COVID-19 point of care (POC) test was granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at the point of care. We evaluated its performance characteristics using residual specimens (n = 100) collected from Mayo Clinic patients using nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and placed in viral transport media (VTM). The same specimen was tested using both the laboratory reference method (RT-qPCR) and Visby test. The reference methods utilized included a laboratory developed test with EUA (Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Rochester, MN) using the TaqMan assay on a Roche Light Cycler 480 or a commercially available EUA platform (cobas® SARS-CoV-2; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). Positive, negative, and overall percent agreement between the Visby COVID-19 test and the reference method were calculated. Additionally, the limit of detection (LoD) claimed by the manufacturer (1112 copies/mL) was verified with serial dilutions of heat inactivated virus. The Visby COVID-19 test correctly identified 29/30 positive samples and 69/70 negative samples, resulting in an overall concordance of 98.0%, positive percent agreement of 96.7%, and negative percent agreement of 98.6%. The abbreviated LoD experiment showed that the analytical sensitivity of the method is as low as or lower than 500 copies/mL. Our study demonstrated that Visby COVID-19 is well-suited to address rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing needs. It has high concordance with central laboratory-based RT-qPCR methods, a low rate of invalid results, and superior analytical sensitivity to some other EUA POC devices.
Stochastic open channel flow.

TO STUDY THE NONLINEAR EFFECT OF THE IRREGULAR SHAPE AND SLOPE OF AN OPEN CHANNEL ON THE FLOW, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE BROWNIAN MOTION MODEL TO SIMULATE THE CHANNEL IRREGULARITY BE USED. THE IRREGULAR SHAPE AND SLOPE OF A CHANNEL ARE CONSIDERED TO BE DETERMINED BY RANDOM WALK PATHS OF IMAGINARY PARTICLES. THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF THESE PARTICLES IN (BROWNIAN) MOTION IS SUGGESTED AS AN INDICATOR OF THE CHANNEL ROUGHNESS. /ASCE/
Process Driven Methods in Diagnosis and Treatment

This chapter explores processes for establishing diagnosis and guiding treatment in a dependable manner. It introduces the idea of creating a workflow to visualize, monitor, measure, and improve the steps involved in diagnosis and treatment. It presents variance reduction methods like six sigma, checklists, and describes potential applications to medicine and neurology. A process driven method can make matters more efficient by providing opportunities for integrating operations and running many processes in parallel. The benefits of integrated, multidisciplinary clinics like the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) clinic are presented. This chapter also borrows ideas from the field of product lifecycle management (PLM) to develop similar principles for managing diseases across their lifecycle called disease lifecycle management (DLM). In a manner similar to prior chapters, the principle is presented first followed by medical case examples drawn from daily practice. This chapter forms a bridge that extends the journey from the first part of the book that emphasizes decision making and diagnostics into the second half that explores improving treatment.
Initial Impressions in the Retail Buyer-Seller Dyad: An Analysis of Black Shoppers

Interpersonal contact is required for many types of marketing exchanges. Numerous studies have focused upon this interaction process inherent in marketing exchanges - specifically the buyer-seller dyad (see, for example, Busch and Wilson 1976; Woodside and Davenport 1974). Typically, the evaluation of the buyer-seller dyad utilizes the transaction process as the base unit of analysis. A general conclusion of much of this research stream is the greater the similarity between the buyer and seller, the more likely a transaction will be successfully completed.
Reining in Non-State Actors: State Responsibility and Attribution in Cases of Genocide

In 2007, the International Court of Justice defined the scope of state responsibility under the Genocide Convention for the very first time when it reached the merits in the Genocide Case, a case arising from the violent breakup of the former Yugoslavia. The opinion immediately spurred extensive academic commentary, much of which was critical of the Court’s ultimate holding that Serbia had not committed genocide despite its well-documented role in the Srebrenica massacre. While the Genocide Case can be read as a disappointment, and the Court’s analysis is vulnerable to normative critique, this Note argues that it was nonetheless an important victory in the movement toward greater state accountability for genocide, especially considering the context in which the Court acts and the limitations imposed on its independence by the practical need for legitimacy. Although the Court raised onerous evidentiary hurdles for establishing state responsibility for the direct commission of genocide, it managed simultaneously to impose upon states a clear duty to rein in non-state actors over whom they exercise influence by interpreting the state obligation to prevent genocide broadly. This broad duty to rein in non-state actors has important implications not only for the Court’s own jurisprudence but also extrajudiciously within the customary framework of state responsibility, by empowering the general international community to enforce states’ obligations to curb genocidal actors within their reach.
Resilience Theory and the Practice of Positive Psychology From Individuals to Societies

RESILIENCE sCIENCE eMERGED more than half a century ago when trailblazers in psychology, psychiatry, and pediatrics searching for clues to the origins and treatment of problems in child development observed the striking variation in outcomes among children at risk due to disadvantage and adversity. From the outset, resilience research pioneers, such as Norman Garmezy, Lois Murphy, Michael Rutter, and EmmyWerner, sought to inform practice by understanding the processes that explained how some individuals fared well in the face of adversity while others floundered (Masten, 2013). Their compelling ideas and research propagated the field of resilience science, which has transformed frameworks for practice in multiple disciplines by shifting the emphasis away from deficit-focused orientations toward models centered on positive aims, promotive and protective factors, and adaptive capacities (Masten, 2011). With its emphasis on competence despite exposure to adversity, the concept of resilience has long been attractive to applied practitioners seeking to promote strength in vulnerable individuals, groups, and societies. A wealth of research has documented processes by which individuals achieve positive developmental outcomes despite exposure to known threats to adaptation (Cicchetti, 2010; Goldstein & Brooks, 2013; Luthar, 2006; Masten, 2013, 2014; Panter-Brick & Leckman, 2013; Rutter, 2012). More recently, researchers have examined resilience processes at broader levels of development, including families (Becvar, 2013; Walsh, 2006), schools (Doll, 2013; Gettinger & Stoiber, 2009), communities (Davis, Cook, & Cohen, 2005; Norris, Stevens, Pfefferbaum, Wyche, & Pfefferbaum, 2008; Zautra, Hall, & Murray, 2008), and societies (Allenby & Fink, 2005; Birkmann, 2006).