cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of Hyalophora cecropia silkmoth fat body.

Abstract Two soluble forms of 3′:5′-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3′:5′-cyclicnucleotide 5′-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) were found in the larval fat body of the silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia . These differ in elution profile on Sephadex G-200, solubility in ammonium sulfate, metal ion requirements and kinetic properties. Phosphodiesterase I has K m values of 11 μM and 1.8 μM for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, respectively, has 5-fold greater maximal activity with cyclic AMP than with cyclic GMP, and is activated by Mg 2+ and Co 2+ , and inhibited by EDTA. Phosphodiesterase II has K m values of 625 μM and 125 μM for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, respectively, has similar maximal activity with both substrates, and is not activated by divalent metal ions or inhibited by EDTA. Cyclic nucleotides and methylxanthines competitively inhibit both enzymes. Phosphodiesterase is found in both soluble and particulate fractions of homogenates. Total activity is highest during the larval stage of the insect, drops markedly following pupation, and rises again during pharate adult development.
Increased gastrointestinal ethanol production in obese mice: Implications for fatty liver disease pathogenesis

Abstract Background & Aims: Similarities in the hepatic responses to obesity and ethanol exposure suggest that these conditions evoke common pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, it is possible that ethanol exposure is increased in obesity. Given that intestinal bacteria can produce ethanol, the aim of this study was to determine if the intestinal production of ethanol is increased in obesity. Methods: Breath was collected from genetically obese, ob/ob male C57BL/6 mice and lean male littermates at different ages (14, 20, and 24 weeks) and times of the day (9 AM, 3 PM, and 9 PM). Obese mice (24 weeks old) were then treated with neomycin (1 mg/mL) for 5 days, and sampling was repeated. Results: Breath collected in the morning from 24-week-old obese mice had a higher ethanol content than breath from their lean littermates (271 vs. 78 pmol/mL CO 2 ; P 2 ; P 2 ) mice and was greater in older obese mice than in older lean mice ( P 2 ). Neomycin treatment decreased morning breath ethanol levels by 50% (from 220 to 110 pmol/mL CO 2 ; P Conclusions: Even in the absence of ethanol ingestion, ethanol can be detected in exhaled breath. In obesity, an age-related increase in breath ethanol content reflects increased production of ethanol by the intestinal microflora. Hence, intestinal production of ethanol may contribute to the genesis of obesity-related fatty liver. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;119:1340-1347
Hierarchical partition—a new optimal pivoting algorithm

A new pivotal strategy for reducing storage and arithmetic operations in computing the inverse of a matrix is outlined. This algorithm uses recursive deletion and partition to generate an efficient structure. The optimal selection of rows and columns to be deleted (spikes) is greatly facilitated through the use of certain exclusion criteria. The algorithm produces significantly fewer fill-ins and requires significantly fewer operations than the alternative P3 and P4 algorithms for the product form of the inverse (PFI). It also produces satisfactory structures for problems for which P3 and P4 would generate zero pivots. Three variants of HP algorithm specifically tailored for the elimination form of the inverse (EFI) and for greater speed are also presented. The algorithm has been implemented on a CDC 6400 computer. Performance comparison on six sample problems is given.
Left ventricular midwall dynamics in the right anterior oblique projection in intact unanesthetized man.

The presence of nonuniform, asymmetric, asynergic left ventricular contraction is usually taken as indicative of segmental disease. In order to assess the uniformity, symmetry, and synergy of left ventricular contraction in patients with normal left ventricular function, we measured the dynamics of implanted radiopaque midwall markers silhouetting the left ventricle in the 30° right anterior oblique projection in eight patients post-cardiac surgery having normal left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, heart rate, cardiac output, circumferential fiber shortening velocity and subjectively normal wall motion in all left ventricular regions. Systolic excursion (range 0.98–1.16 cm) and velocity (range 3.6–5.4 cm/sec) of posterior wall sites were greater (P < 0.05) than those of their counterparts in the anterior wall (excursion 0.66–0.98 cm, velocity 2.8–4.0 cm/sec). Along both walls excursion and velocity of basal segments were greater (P < 0.05) than those of other segments in the same wall. Apical sites moved inward and toward the aortic valve, midbaseapex sites moved almost directly inward, and basal sites moved inward and toward the apex, with anterior sites having a greater apical component than posterior sites (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with myocardial fiber distribution and orientation in the wall of the heart and the location of the papillary muscles relative to the 30° right anterior oblique view of the left ventricle. We conclude that contraction can be nonuniform, asymmetric, and asynergic even in the left ventricle with normal function.
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS IN GIF-TYPE SYSTEMS USING 2-METHYL-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE

Abstract The reaction between cyclohexane and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone 1 using hydrogen peroxide in the FeIIFeIV manifold gave the adduct 2 in good yield. The same reaction was carried out with the FeIIIH2O2 system and gave also some 3-alkyl-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The presence of FeII during the reaction showed that the FeIIFeIV manifold was again dominant.
Needs and emerging trends of remote sensing

From the earliest need to be able to see an enemy over a hill to sending semi-autonomous platforms with advanced sensor packages out into space, humans have wanted to know more about what is around them. Issues of distance are being minimized through advances in technology to the point where remote control of a sensor is useful but sensing by way of a non-collocated sensor is better. We are not content to just sense what is physically nearby. However, it is not always practical or possible to move sensors to an area of interest; we must be able to sense at a distance. This requires not only new technologies but new approaches; our need to sense at a distance is ever changing with newer challenges. As a result, remote sensing is not limited to relocating a sensor but is expanded into possibly deducing or inferring from available information. Sensing at a distance is the heart of remote sensing. Much of the sensing technology today is focused on analysis of electromagnetic radiation and sound. While these are important and the most mature areas of sensing, this paper seeks to identify future sensing possibilities by looking beyond light and sound. By drawing a parallel to the five human senses, we can then identify the existing and some of the future possibilities. A further narrowing of the field of sensing causes us to look specifically at robotic sensing. It is here that this paper will be directed.
Molecular targeting and pharmacogenomics in the management of advanced bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is one of the malignancies for which considerable information is available regarding molecular pathogenesis and genetic predictors of natural history, as well as response to treatment. Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9 appears to be essential to the genesis of superficial bladder cancer, and mutation of the p53 suppressor gene frequently is associated with progression to invasive and metastatic disease. Many oncogenes, gene products, and suppressor gene mutations, including those of Ras, Myc, p.53, Rb, p16, p21, thrombospondin-1, glutathione, and factors controlling expression and function of the epidermal growth factor receptor, have been shown to be involved in the biology of this disease. Retrospective studies have demonstrated that some of these factors have important roles as independent prognostic determinants or predictors of response to chemotherapy, and clinical trials have now been established to validate the utility of molecular prognostication in bladder cancer. Paradigms developed from the treatment of colorectal malignancy, in which the metabolism of cytotoxic agents is affected by genetic and racial factors, now are being applied to the management of bladder cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge in these evolving domains.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in RadLV-induced C57BL thymomas

Newborn C57BL mice exposed to RadLV at birth were followed and periodically sampled for thymus and bone marrow TdT activity. Tumors detected at or before 100 days had mostly low TdT levels. Large thymic lymphocytic tumors detected after 100 days had elevated total TdT content per gland. Serial samples showed a changing TdT pattern with time. The mid period shifted from low levels to normal-to-high levels for both TdT content and total TdT per gland. No unusual bone marrow TdT activity change preceded the appearance of thymomas. TdT marks a unique precursor cell highly sensitive to RadLV associated with lymphomagenesis. RadLV induced both TdT+ and TdT- thymic lymphomas and both types were found to occur after lymphoma initiation by injection of RadLV into newborns.
The Demand for Beef Specialty Products

beef specialty products: liver, kidney, heart, tongue, tripe, sweetbreads, and brains. Logit models are used to evaluate the influences of several economic and demographic variables on consumption. The results suggest that consumption of these products is inversely related to income and positively related to household size. Consumption is more likely for older consumers, though the probability of consumption is lower for elderly consumers than for middle-aged consumers. A strong ethnic effect is also revealed.
Introduction: progress in formal commonsense reasoning

This special issue consists largely of expanded and revised versions of selected papers of the Fifth International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning (Common Sense 2001), held at New York University in May 2001.1,2 The Common Sense Symposia, first organized in 1991 by John McCarthy and held roughly biannually since, are dedicated to exploring the development of formal commonsense theories using mathematical logic. Commonsense reasoning is a central part of human behavior; no real intelligence is possible without it. Thus, the development of systems that exhibit commonsense behavior is a central goal of Artificial Intelligence. It has proven to be more difficult to create systems that are capable of commonsense reasoning than systems that can solve “hard” reasoning problems. There are chess-playing programs that beat champions [5] and expert systems that assist in clinical diagnosis [32], but no programs that reason about how far one must bend over to put on one’s socks. Part of the difficulty is the all-encompassing aspect of commonsense reasoning: any problem one looks at touches on many different types of knowledge. Moreover, in contrast to expert knowledge which is usually explicit, most commonsense knowledge is implicit. One of the prerequisites to developing commonsense reasoning systems is making this knowledge explicit. John McCarthy [25] first noted this need and suggested using formal logic to encode commonsense knowledge and reasoning. In the ensuing decades, there has been much research on the representation of knowledge in formal logic and on inference algorithms to
Frictional and morphological properties of Au-MoS2 films sputtered from a compact target

AuMoS2 films 0.02 to 1.2 microns thick were sputtered from target compacted from 5 wt % Au + 95 wt % MoS2, to investigate the frictional and morphological film growth characteristics. The gold dispersion effects in MoS2 films are of interest to increase the densitification and strengthening of the film structure. Three microstructural growth stages were identified on the nano-micro-macrostructural level. During sliding both sputtered Au-MoS2 and MoS2 films have a tendency to break within the columner region. The remaining or effective film, about 0.2 microns thick, performs the lubrication. The Au-MoS2 films displayed a lower friction coefficient with a high degree of frictional stability and less wear debris generation as compared to pure MoS2 films. The more favorable frictional characteristics of the Au-MoS2 films are attributed to the effective film thickness and the high density packed columner zone which has a reduced effect on the fragmentation of the tapered crystallites during fracture.
Samuel Greene: The First Transformationalist?

SUMMARYIn his studies of the structure of the English language, Samuel Green, a 19th-century grammarian and educator, made extensive use of paraphrase as a descriptive device. This paper argues that in doing so, Greene anticipated some of the methods and concepts of early transformational theory — and even some of the transformations themselves. It first presents a short history of the concept "transformation", then discusses the transformations in four of Greene's works. Greene's use of transformations follows plausibly from his view of language, as is shown by excerpts from the prefaces to his books. Greene's status as a transformationalist is then reconsidered with reference to the characteristics of transformations as inferred in the early part of this paper. Comparisons with other 19th- and early 20th-century grammarians demonstrate that Greene was unusual in his concern for underlying meaning and in his use of process in linguistic description.RESUMEDans ses etudes sur la structure de la langue anglaise, Samuel Greene, un grammairien et pedagogue du XIXe siecle, fit un emploi intensif de la paraphrase en tant que moyen descriptif. Cet article montre que Greene, en agissant de cette facon, annoncait quelques-uns des concepts et des methodes des debuts de la theorie transformationnelle — et meme quelques-unes des transformations elles-memes. II donne d'abord un apercu de revolution du concept de 'transformation', examine ensuite les transformations telles qu'elles apparaissent dans quatre ouvrages de Greene. L'utili-sation que Greene fait des transformations decoule logiquement de ses idees sur le langage, comme le demontrent des extraits des prefaces de ses livres. L'appartenance de Greene a la famille des transformationalistes est alors revue a la lumiere des caracteristiques des transformations, telles qu'analysees au debut de cet article. La comparaison avec les autres grammairiens du XIXe et du XXe siecle etablit la position originale de Greene dans son utilisation de la notion de signification implicite et des procedures de description linguistique.
LINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CHEMICAL FRONTS IN A VERTICAL SLAB

A chemical reaction front propagating in a viscous fluid separates two liquids of different densities leading to convection. Convection enhances the speed and changes the curvature of the front. We analyze the effects of convection as the front propagates in a two-dimensional vertical slab. In this geometry, the fluid motion can be described using Brinkman's equations [Appl. Sci. Res., Sect. A 1, 27 (1947)]. This set of equations is coupled to a front evolution equation describing the motion of the convective chemical front. Convection will be present depending on the slab width and gap thickness. The steady state solutions can be axisymmetric or nonaxisymmetric fronts depending on the slab width. A linear stability analysis for the solutions shows a region of bistability for narrow gaps. The bistability disappears as the slab width is increased.
Prospective detection by Doppler color flow imaging of additional defects in infants with a large ventricular septal defect

Abstract The use of Doppler color flow imaging and axial contrast angiography in the preoperative detection of additional ventricular septal defects (in the setting of a known large defect) were compared in a prospective fashion. One hundred seventy-nine infants with two ventricles (each of at least normal size) and a large, nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect underwent reparative surgery before 2 years of age. The reference standard for the presence of additional defects was intraoperadve verification or (in cases in which the surgeon did not visualize any additional defect) subsequent identification at postoperative angiography, postoperative color Doppler examination or reoperation. Only six patients (3%) had additional ventricular septal defects confirmed at the time of repair; an additional five (3%) had defects found only postoperatively. The negative predictive value of Doppler color flow imaging and angiography was 0.95 (168 of 176) and 0.97 (168 of 174), respectively. The sensitivity was 0.27 (3 of 11) and 0.45 (5 of 11), respectively. For certain malformations with a very low prevalence of additional muscular defects (such as perimembranous ventricular septal defect with normally aligned great arteries), a clinical trial of reparative surgery without prior invasive study appears reasonable.
Sleep Apnea in 81 Ambulatory Male Patients With Stable Heart Failure Types and Their Prevalences, Consequences, and Presentations

Background—Heart failure is a highly prevalent disorder that continues to be associated with repeated hospitalizations, high morbidity, and high mortality. Sleep-related breathing disorders with repetitive episodes of asphyxia may adversely affect heart function. The main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, consequences, and differences in various sleep-related breathing disorders in ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Methods and Results—This article reports the results of a prospective study of 81 of 92 eligible patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction <45%. There were 40 patients without (hourly rate of apnea/hypopnea, 4±4; group 1) and 41 patients with (51% of all patients; hourly rate of apnea/hypopnea, 44±19; group 2) sleep apnea. Sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation were significantly more severe and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (22% versus 5%) and ventricular arrhythmias were greater in group 2 than in group ...
Observed currents over the outer continental shelf during Hurricane Ivan

[1] Hurricane Ivan crossed the Gulf of Mexico as a category 4/5 storm before making landfall in Alabama. Here we show in unprecedented detail the oceanic response generated by Ivan as it crossed the outer continental shelf. The current structure was found to be frictionally dominated with overlapping surface and bottom boundary layers as Ivan approached before transitioning to a dominant surface boundary layer as the wind stress peaked. The strongest currents, largest temperature fluctuations, and greatest transports were generated left of the storm track.
Consumer Learning and Brand Valuation: An Application on Over-the-Counter Drugs

We develop a brand choice model with learning based on the Kalman filter methodology. The model enables us to separate the effects of contemporaneous marketing promotions from the impact of the perceived quality valuation accrued through product usage over time. We also account for idiosyncratic consumer learning and preferences. The results point to the presence of heterogeneity in the valuation carryover coefficients across consumers and brands. In contrast to our expectations, a higher price is not important for most of the consumers in the sample. The model enables us to compare brands in terms of their memorability, which determines brand salience on the next purchase occasion. Our findings suggest that price promotions may be deficient as a tool to increase market share in the studied product category. The proposed model is applicable to other consumer goods contingent on consumers' being sufficiently motivated to learn their own preferences via personal experience. Brand managers can use the model for comparative diagnostics and market performance simulation under different price and promotion scenarios. This paper is instructive to the application of a relatively new methodology; we illustrate the analytical potential of the model by demonstrating its inferential power in a specific marketing context.
A Cure for Aging

Arthur Caplan has argued that the presumptive naturalness, universality, and inevitability of aging are no obstacles to conceptualizing aging as a disease since those traits are themselves merely contingent. Moreover, aging lends itself to discussion in terms of diagnostic symptomatology and etiology. Is aging therefore a disease? I argue that aging need not be shown to be unnatural or a disease in order to make it the subject of biomedical interest. I suggest that rather than ask "Is aging a disease?", the better point of philosophical departure would be to ask "Is aging objectionable such that its prevention and cure ought to be sought?". In this way, the moral issues at stake emerge more clearly. Chief among these issues are the potential results of curing aging and the implications for the prospect of meaningful human life without the de facto limitations that aging (and perhaps death) put upon it. A convincing argument that aging should be cured, therefore, would need to show that human significance warrants and possibly seeks such a cure and that the social costs of curing aging are morally acceptable.
Increased Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Activity Associated With Muscle Necrosis in the Dog

Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was consistently increased in dogs with canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD), a primary myopathy characterized by profound and on-going skeletal muscle necrosis. In order to determine whether the ALT was of liver origin, serum activity of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) obtained from dystrophic dogs was compared with enzyme activity present in clinically normal dogs. In dystrophic dogs at all ages tested, serum activity of CK, AST, and ALT was increased, and significant increases were present in dogs four weeks or older. In contrast, SDH activity in dystrophic dogs was not statistically different from values in clinically normal dogs. Ultrastructural examination of liver tissue revealed no evidence of hepatic degeneration in dystrophic dogs. It was concluded that increased serum activity of ALT in the dog may be associated with severe skeletal muscle degeneration, without concurrent hepatocellular necrosis.
Organophosphate dormant spray pest control efficacy, pesticide concentration and toxicity in storm runoff.

1 Statewide IPM Project and Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2 Aquatic Toxicology Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 3 Department of Animal Science and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 4 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
The application of high-speed digital image correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a method of using digital images to calculate two-dimensional displacement and deformation or for stereo systems three-dimensional shape, displacement, and deformation. While almost any imaging system can be used with DIC, there are some important challenges when working with the technique in high- and ultra-high-speed applications. This article discusses three of these challenges: camera sensor technology, camera frame rate, and camera motion mitigation. Potential solutions are treated via three demonstration experiments showing the successful application of high-speed DIC for dynamic events. The application and practice of DIC at high speeds, rather than the experimental results themselves, provide the main thrust of the discussion.
Performance of a Solar Desiccant Cooling System

A solar desiccant cooling system was operated at the Solar Energy Applications Laboratory, Colordado State University, throughout the 1986 summer. The system comprises an American Solar King fresh air heating/desiccant evaporative cooling unit, a Sunmaster evacuated tube solar collector, hot water solar storage tank, auxiliary electric boiler, controls, and accessories. The cooling unit is operated in the ventilation mode, fresh air being dried in a rotating desiccant matrix, and cooled by heat exchange and evaporative cooling. Return air is used as a cooling medium in a rotating heat exchange matrix, heated by solar energy in a heat exchange coil, and discarded through the rotating desiccant bed. The solar-driven system provided over 90 percent of the seasonal cooling requirements in an experimental, residence type building at average COP levels of 1.0 and solar collection efficiencies of 50 percent when supplied with solar heated water at temperatures of 50 to 65/sup 0/C. Detailed operating results, including total and average solar cooling provided, coefficients of performance, and overall solar cooling performance ratios are presented.
Observation Of Tokamak Plasmas With An Array Of Pin Diode Detectors

Soft x-ray emission from the Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK) has been studied with an array of diode detectors. The thermal character of the plasma emission allows observation of phenomena associated with fluctuations in electron temperature. Measurements of internal disruption growth rates and repetition times corroborate a theoretical tearing-mode instability model. Heat pulses from the disruption evolve diffusively, but with a heat conduction coefficient larger than that inferred from the plasma equilibrium.
Abstract 3489: Profound cytotoxicity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid) and TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) combination in malignant pleural mesothelioma

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: The majority of solid malignancies including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are refractory to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity. SAHA has mild antitumor activity against MPM in a phase I clinical trial. This study is designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the SAHA+TRAIL combination on a panel of 10 MPM cells and two normal cells (primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells). Material and methods: Cytotoxicity and apoptosis mediated by TRAIL (0 - 100 ng/ml), SAHA (0.5 - 5.0 microM) or concurrent SAHA+TRAIL combinations are evaluated by MTT assay and AnnexinV-FITC. NF-kB transcriptional activity is measured by luciferase-based reporter plasmid and lucinometer. Results: MPM cells exhibit a wide range of intrinsic susceptibility to TRAIL (2/10 sensitive: IC50 100-fold reduction of TRAIL IC50's. TRAIL-refractory cells H2373, Gats and H2052 are resistant to SAHA+TRAIL combinations. Supra-additive induction of treatment-specific apoptosis is observed in representative Gard and H513 MPM cells treated with this combination (Gard: TRAIL(20ng/ml): 18±5%, SAHA (1 microM): 3±2%, SAHA+TRAIL: 68±5%; H513: TRAIL: 30±5%, SAHA: 2±2%; SAHA+TRAIL: 80±4%, n=3). Combination-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis is equally abrogated by either selective caspase 8 or caspase 9 inhibitor and thus implicating the essential role of the mitochondria-driven death signaling cascade. SAHA-dependent strong activation of NF-kB is completely abrogated by TRAIL and this is paralleled with caspase 8-mediated cleavage of RIP (receptor-interacting protein) to form the NF-kB dominant negative cRIP fragment in combination-treated cells. Induction of mild TRAIL sensitivity by the SMAC-mimetic drug SM164 in TRAIL-resistant cells H2373 or Gats greatly sensitizes them to SAHA+TRAIL cytotoxic effects. Most importantly, SAHA+TRAIL combinations with or without SM164 are not toxic to normal cells. Conclusion: SAHA+TRAIL combination induces profound cytotocidal effect in MPM cells that is dependent on intrinsic death signaling pathway, RIP processing and modulation of NF-kB transcriptional activity. Ongoing investigations are undertaken to further elucidate the molecular basis of this salutary drug combination effects and to develop molecular strategy aiming at promoting SAHA+TRAIL cytotoxicity in TRAIL-resistant MPM cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3489.
Transmitting Relational Worldviews: The Relationship Between Mother–Daughter Memorable Messages and Adult Daughters’ Romantic Relational Schemata

This study investigates memorable messages that daughters report hearing from their mothers about romantic relationships to examine the development of meaning in the content of parent–child communication and the ways in which these messages may affect and reflect adult daughters’ relational worldviews. Findings from a study involving 149 adult daughters revealed 4 supra-categories of memorable messages: value self, characteristics of a good relationship, warnings, and value the sanctity of love. Moreover, statistical analyses reveal that memorable message types significantly related to daughter's romantic relationship schemata as operationalized by Fitzptarick's (1988) couple types. Both message and couple type predicted intergenerational transmission.
Endocrine Influences on Altered Hepatic Tyrosine Transaminase Activity During Pneumococcal Septicemia in the Rat

Protein metabolism during pneumococcal septicemia in the rat was studied in terms of a single protein, the hepatic enzyme tyrosine transaminase (TT). A large inoculum (107 organisms) was followed within 4 hr by elevation in TT activity, reaching a peak 8-fold over contz-ol 24–28 hr post infection. TT activity was greater after inoculation at 2200 than at 1000 hr. Higher fever and earlier bacteremia were observed following nocturnal inoculation. A small inoculum produced a rise in TT activity only after a delay of 24 hr. An increase in plasma corticosterone 2–4 hr before TT activity suggested a relationship between increased plasma steroid and enzyme activity, whether due to circadian periodicity in control rats or to infection. No TT response to infection occurred in adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized animals. Diminished TT response during infection in thyroidectomized animals and a failure of thyroxine to stimulate this enzyme suggested a secondary role of thyroxine in modulating adrenocortical steroi...
Decision-making and the environment in the Amazon Land War

Land change science has provided a number of chains of explanation for change that have provided many insights over the past few decades. However, these chains of explanation are developed using assumptions that may not be true in all circumstances. Furthermore, land change science approaches consider the drivers of change (i.e., why change takes place), rather than where change is preferentially occurring. Using a unique dataset of land cover and land conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, I develop statistical models which suggest that land change can be significantly modified as a result of social process (constituting a driver of change), and show that land cover affects the type of landholding where land change is likely to occur.
Radio-Frequency Propagation on Polyphase Lines

Component analysis is widely used in the solution of power frequency problems and is also adaptable to radio-frequency (r-f) problems on multiconductor overhead lines. The appropriate component sets (modes) for radio frequency are a function of the line geometry. Matrix methods can utilize these components in the solution of r-f propagation problems involving complex systems and including effects of transposition, ground wires, intermediate faults, and general impedance terminations.
Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene

We have isolated the human prointerleukin 1 (proIL-1) beta gene from leukocyte and fetal liver libraries. The nucleotide sequence and its gene organization reveals that the proIL-1 beta gene is composed of seven exons with a primary transcription product length of 7,008 nucleotides. The exon sequence agrees well with that of the human proIL-1 beta cDNA. Features of interest within the transcriptional unit include positioned TATA, CAT, and poly-adenylation signals for gene regulation, as well as the signatures of gene duplication via retrotransposition in the form of flanking direct repeats and a genomic poly A tail. The genomic organization of the proIL-1 beta gene with respect to the number and position of exon boundaries is strikingly similar to that of the recently reported human proIL-1 alpha gene. Therefore, we hypothesize that the proIL-1 beta may have arisen by a reverse transcriptase mediated duplication of the related alpha gene.
Thyroid transcription factor-1 immunocytochemical staining of pleural fluid cytocentrifuge preparations for detection of small cell lung carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1) immunostaining of cytocentrifuge slides previously stained by the Papanicolaou technique is feasible and useful in diagnosing small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in pleural fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven Papanicoalou-stained cytocentrifuge preparations of pleural fluid from 11 patients with SCLC were reviewed. The initial cytologic diagnoses were 5 positive, 1 suspicious and 5 negative for SCLC. After transferring the cytologic material to a positively charged slide, immunostaining was performed using mouse monoclonal antibody against TTF-1. RESULTS: The neoplastic cellularity varied among the single suspicious and 5 positive cases. The case with a suspicious diagnosis had scant tumor cells. All 6 cases showed nuclear staining for TTF-1 in most of the tumor cells. The other 5 cases with a negative cytologic diagnosis were negative for TTF-1. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that immunostaining for TTF-1 can be successfully applied to previously Pap-stained cytocentrifuge preparations to assist in the diagnosis of SCLC in pleural fluid.
Rumored History in Shakespeare's 2 Henry IV

AbstractAs the Presenter of Shakespeare's 2 Henry IV, Rumor troubles the too‐neat distinction between rumor and history. By embodying the conflict between narrative and display, Rumor transcends the split between aural and visual epistemologies and positions the Shakespearean history play in the “perpetual present,” a double temporality in which events happening for the first time nevertheless make use of the audience's prior historical and historiographic knowledge. The essay applies Rumor's lens to Falstaff, whose belly full of tongues echoes Rumor's tongue‐studded cloak, but the argument's implications range beyond individual character study to reveal Shakespeare's claim that history itself is imaginative. Rumor's creative potential allows Shakespeare to transcend historicity in order to emphasize the indeterminacy inherent not just in rumor, but in history as well.
Population and Infection Dynamics of Daubaylia potomaca (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Helisoma anceps

Daubaylia potomaca is an unusual parasite for several reasons. Specifically, it has a direct life cycle in which it uses a planorbid snail, Helisoma anceps, as the definitive host. In addition, adult females have been shown to be both the infective stage and the only stage documented to be shed from a live, infected host. Finally, adults, juveniles, and eggs have been observed in all tissues and blood spaces of the host, suggesting the parasite consumes and actively migrates through host tissue. The present study examined the population and infection dynamics of D. potomaca in Mallard Lake, a 4.9-ha public access pond in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. In particular, the study examined the role of seasonality on the prevalence and mean intensity of infection of D. potomaca in the snail host. Data collected from August 2008 to October 2009 suggest that prevalence and mean intensity were inversely related in the spring and fall. Prevalence in fall 2008 was 10.3% but increased to 47.3% in spring 2009. Conversely, intensity was high in fall 2008 at 52.4 ± 8.9 worms/infected host but dropped to 3.1 ± 0.3 worms/infected host in spring 2009. During the same time, the parasites within the snails went from highly aggregated populations in the fall to a less aggregated distribution in the spring. It is hypothesized that D. potomaca induces mortality of the snail hosts during the winter, followed by a rapid recruitment event of the nematodes by the snail population after torpor.
Prognostic significance of antenatally detected fetal pyelectasis

In order to evaluate the prognostic significance of ultrasonographically detected fetal pyelectasis, a retrospective review was performed of patients evaluated for fetal pyelectasis over a 24-month period. From 84 patients a total of 98 fetal kidneys with pyelectasis were identified. Fetal pyelectasis was more common in the left kidney and in males. Postpartum evaluation revealed 48 (57.1%) neonates with hydronephrosis. Among these, mean (SD; range) values of antenatal fetal pyelectasis were 17.0 mm (8.4; 5-26) before 33 weeks and 16.9 mm (8.5; 5-34) after 33 weeks in the left kidney and 15.4 mm (3.3; 10-24) and 17.1 mm (5.1; 5-36), respectively, in the right kidney. Thirteen infants (15.4%) with hydronephrosis required surgical pyeloplasties (mean age 6 months; range 3-18 months). It was found, from a receiver-operating characteristic curve, that fetal pyelectasis of 8 mm was 91% sensitive and 72% specific in predicting subsequent hydronephrosis. Use of a threshold of 5 mm yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 24%. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that women with ultrasonographically detected antenatal fetal pyelectasis of > or = 5 mm at any gestational age have follow-up ultrasound examinations and detailed postnatal evaluation.
Numerical Control of Machine Tools

Industry needs more flexible methods of programming machine cycles to achieve automatic operation of machine tools in limited-quantity production. Part of this need is met by numerical control systems which command the machine in accordance with prepared numerical instructions read from a storage medium. Such numerical instruction can be stored in binary or decimal numerical form on punched telegraph tape, punched tabulating cards, magnetic tape, and many other data storage mediums. Numerical control systems are well adapted to control of machine tools such as lathes, turret punch presses and boring, drilling, and milling machines. The numerical control system for a Wiedemann turret punch press is a typical example illustrating the problems of joining controls and machines into a smoothly working combination.
Characterization of the heat shock protein P70 in rat spermatogenic cells.

A number of hsp70-like proteins are associated with developing male germ cells. One of these molecules, P70, is not sensitive to heat stress and is germ cell-specific, and its expression is developmentally regulated. We have characterized the association of the rat P70(rP70) with differentiating germ cells in the testis and with posttesticular sperm. An antibody originally raised against human sperm proacrosin (designated C3; Siegel et al., 1987: J Reprod Immunol 11:307–319) was found to immunostain rP70 by immunoblot analysis and was used in subsequent studies of the rP70 molecule. The C3 antibody reacted with P70 isoforms in rat, human, mouse, guinea pig, boar, and rooster testicular homogenates. In the developing rat testis, abundant rP70 protein levels were first detected on postnatal day 22, with upregulation to adult levels occurring after postnatal day 28. Purified populations of adult rat pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongating spermatids, isolated by unit gravity velocity sedimentation, all expressed rP70. Posttesticular sperm exhibited a loss of the rP70 molecule; caput epididymal sperm were weakly immunoreactive for rP70, but no immunoreactivity was observed in either cauda epididymal sperm or epididymal fluid. In contrast to human ejaculated sperm, rat ejaculated sperm did not express rP70. The loss of P70 from rat posttesticular sperm may reflect species-specific differences in P70 functions, which are thought to include a role in the structural modifications that occur during germ cell differentiation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Antireproductive Effects of a Potent GnRH Antagonist in the Female Rat

The administration of the potent gonadotropinreleasing hormone antagonist [Ac-dehydro-Pro1,pCl-D-Phe2,DTrp3,6, NαeLeu7]GnRH (Antag) to female rats results in disruption of the estrous cycle and gestation. Daily doses of 200 μg Antag are completely effective in blocking regular cycles, which resume 6–9 days after cessation of treatment. When administered to mated female rats, Antag seems to be less effective in terminating pregnancy during the earlier (1–7 days) than later (7–12 days) days of gestation. This may reflect the inability of An tag to lower the secretion of PRL (the luteotropic hormone of early pregnancy) as compared to the Antag-induced inhibition of LH production (the luteotropic hormone of midpregnancy). As a result, administration of Antag 7–12 days after mating is accompanied by a decrease in plasma progesterone levels incompatible with the survival of the embryos. These data provide further evidence that the neutralization of the function of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone is de...
Replies to Tribus and Motroni and to Gage and Hestenes

An earlier criticism of Jaynes's maximum-entropy prescription is vindicated with respect to two recent replies to that criticism.
Promoting Drug Court Education in Schools of Social Work: Ideas in Action

Drug courts have provided an alternative to incarceration for arrestees with substance use disorders since 1989 in the USA, and the first drug court outside of the USA began in 1998 in Canada. As drug courts continue to increase throughout the world, it is important for social work students to learn about the role of drug courts in their communities, as they may interact with these programs directly or indirectly, whether it is being a member of a task force that begins a drug court or providing substance abuse treatment to participants. This Ideas in Action article conceptualizes drug courts and discusses their relevance for social work education. The article also proposes several direct service-learning techniques, such as completing practicums and course projects, which can be used within schools of social work to educate students about drug courts and promote civic engagement, reflection, and reciprocity.
Planar multibarrier 80/240-GHz heterostructure barrier varactor triplers

Prototype planar four barrier GaAs/Al/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As heterostructure barrier varactors (HBV's) for frequency tripling from 80 to 240 GHz have been fabricated using a process in which the device surface channel is etched prior to the formation of the contact pad-to-anode air-bridge finger. Formation of the device air-bridge finger after etching the surface channel is facilitated by a trench planarization technique and yields a device with minimal parasitic capacitances. Planar four-barrier HBV triplers with nominal 10-/spl mu/m diameter anodes have been tested in a crossed-waveguide tripler block; as much as 2 mW of power has been generated at 252 GHz with a flange to-flange tripling efficiency of 25%. These devices are the first planar or multibarrier HBV triplers reported and their output powers are nearly double that of previous whisker-contacted single-barrier HBVs.
Identification and developmental expression of a smooth-muscle gamma-actin in postmeiotic male germ cells of mice.

Abstract Mouse testis contains two size classes of actin mRNAs of 2.1 and 1.5 kilobases (kb). The 2.1-kb actin mRNA codes for cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-actin and is found throughout spermatogenesis, while the 1.5-kb actin mRNA is first detected in postmeiotic cells. Here we identify the testicular postmeiotic actin encoded by the 1.5-kb mRNA as a smooth-muscle gamma-actin (SMGA) and present its cDNA sequence. The amino acid sequence deduced from the postmeiotic actin cDNA sequence was nearly identical to that of a chicken gizzard SMGA, with one amino acid replacement at amino acid 359, where glutamine was substituted for proline. The nucleotide sequence of the untranslated region of the SMGA differed substantially from those of other isotypes of mammalian actins. By using the 3' untranslated region of the testicular SMGA, a highly specific probe was obtained. The 1.5-kb mRNA was detected in RNA from mouse aorta, small intestine, and uterus, but not in RNA isolated from mouse brain, heart, and spleen. Testicular SMGA mRNA was first detected and increased substantially in amount during spermiogenesis in the germ cells, in contrast to the decrease of the cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs towards the end of spermatogenesis. Testicular SMGA mRNA was present in the polysome fractions, indicating that it was translated. These studies demonstrate the existence of an SMGA in male haploid germ cells. The implications of the existence of an SMGA in male germ cells are discussed.
Control using chaos

A nonlinear dynamical system with a chaotic attractor will produce motion on the attractor which has random-like properties. This observation leads to a very simple algorithm for bringing a discrete or continuous nonlinear dynamical system to a fixed point. Suppose that the system to be controlled is either naturally chaotic or that chaotic motion can be produced by means of open-loop control. Suppose also that a neighborhood of the desired fixed point can be found, such that, under state variable feedback control, the system is guaranteed to be driven to the fixed point. If this neighborhood has points in common with a chaotic attractor, it may be used as a "controllable target" for the fixed point. The control algorithm consists of first using, if necessary, open-loop control to generate chaotic motion and then waiting for the system to move into the controllable target. At such a time the open-loop control is turned off and the appropriate closed-loop control applied. A basic requirement with this approach is to determine a large enough controllable target so that one does not have to wait too long for the system to reach it. The following method is used here: the system is first linearized about the desired fixed-point solution. If necessary, a feedback controller is then designed so that this reference solution has suitable stability properties. Then a Lyapunov function is obtained based on this stable linear system and a level curve for the Lyapunov function is determined, such that, whenever the state of the nonlinear system is within this level curve, the feedback controller will drive the nonlinear system to the desired equilibrium solution. Such a level curve defines a controllable target provided that it actually does contain points on the chaotic attractor. A multiple step approach for determining the Lyapunov level curve is presented which helps in finding large controllable targets for discrete systems.
Line Strengths and Transition Probabilities for the 2p 5 3p–2p 5 3s Transitions in Ne i

A theoretical and experimental investigation has been made of the 2p53p–2p53s transition array in Ne i. Relative line strengths were experimentally measured, using electron-beam excitation of low-pressure neon gas and a single-photon counter, with an accuracy of better than 6%. Relative line strengths were also calculated in various coupling schemes and compared to experimental values. No choices of pure coupling schemes reproduced the experimental data. A recently modified intermediate-coupling calculation by Mehlhorn gives results in good agreement with our experimental values. By normalizing the measured relative line strengths to the experimental lifetimes of Bennett and Kindlmann, absolute A values were obtained which are believed to have an accuracy of better than 10%. The radial factor of the spontaneous dipole transition matrix was determined from the absolute A values and relative line strengths. This radial factor was found to be within 7% of the calculated radial factor using the Coulomb approximation.