cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On asymptotic properties of bootstrap for AR(1) processes

Abstract We consider a first-order autoregressive process when the autoregressive parameter β may vary over the entire real line. The standard bootstrap approximation to the sampling distribution of the least squares estimator of β is shown to converge weakly to a random (i.e., nondegenerate) limit for the usual choice of the bootstrap sample size when β equals 1 or −1. The bootstrap approximation, however, is asymptotically valid in probability, or even almost surely, for suitably selected resample sizes, whatever β may be.
Biotransformation of all-trans-retinal, 13-cis-retinal, and 9-cis-retinal catalyzed by conceptal cytosol and microsomes

Oxidative conversions of all-trans-retinal (t-RAL), 13-cis-retinal (13-cRAL), and 9-cis-retinal (9-cRAL) to their corresponding retinoic acids (RAs) catalyzed by rat conceptal cytosol (RCC) or microsomes (RCM) were studied. The primary product of RCC-catalyzed oxidations of both t-RAL and 13-cRAL was t-RA, with only trace amounts of 13-cRA and 9-cRA. In the RCC-catalyzed oxidation of 9-cRAL, generated t-RA, 9-cRA, and 13-cRA constituted approximately 56, 34, and 10%, respectively, of the total RAs. For all RCC-catalyzed retinal oxidations, NAD was a much more effective cofactor than NADP. And t-RAL and 13-cRAL were much better substrates than 9-cRAL. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, citral, and disulfiram were investigated as inhibitors, but only citral and disulfiram effectively inhibited the RCC-catalyzed conversion of t-RAL or 13-cRAL to t-RA. Methanol and ethanol failed to inhibit either reaction even at very high concentrations (> or = 10 mM). RCM exhibited lower specific enzymatic activities than RCC in catalyzing oxidations of t-RAL, 13-cRAL, and 9-cRAL, indicating that the cytosolic fraction was dominant for converting retinals to RAs. The predominant RA produced from RCM-catalyzed oxidations of t-RAL, 13-cRAL, or 9-cRAL was t-RA for each substrate, and again NAD was a much more effective cofactor than NADP in all cases. For RCM-catalyzed oxidations of RALs, 13-cRAL was a much better substrate than t-RAL or 9-cRAL. Methanol and ethanol were not effective inhibitors for RCM-catalyzed oxidations of t-RAL or 13-cRAL. In RCM-catalyzed reactions, citral (10 mM) completely inhibited oxidation of t-RAL but showed only a minor effect on oxidation of 13-cRAL. 13-cRA was converted almost completely to t-RA after 2 hr of incubation with RCC.
Effects of Event Schedules and External Incentives on Discrimination of Acquisition and Extinction Phases of Learning under State Instructions

2 probability learning studies were conducted, each employing 64 Ss (one with sixth graders and one with college females) in a 2 × 4 factorial design combining external incentives (noncontingent feedback and monetary incentive for accuracy) and event schedules (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). All Ss were given state instructions which, in effect, required Ss to indicate (via a written “yes” or “no” response) whether they were in an experimental state of acquisition or extinction. While there were no differences in acquisition for the college Ss, there were differences in terminal acquisition among the sixth graders—contrary to prediction. The partial reinforcement effect was supported. The interaction between external incentive, event schedule, and trials was also significant, suggesting that monetary incentive for accuracy, with Ss responding under state instructions, served to elicit more accurate discriminations of the acquisition and extinction phases.
AUTOEROTIC HEAD BANGING: A REFLECTION ON THE OPPORTUNISM OF INFANTS

Children tend to use any available method of solving problems and reducing tension. Body stimulating techniques to substitute for adequate object relations include such syndromes as thumb sucking, enuresis, and rocking. Children tend to select these techniques opportunistically according to the age at which tension arises and the particular body reflex or sensation available at that phase of development. Head banging has been included among these selfstimulating techniques. To date it has been difficult to understand the erotic origin of this behavior, and accordingly it has been difficult to treat it successfully. Infant head banging, arising at about eight months, has been reported by a number of investigators. The etiology of this pattern of behavior has been formulated by David Levy (1944), who considers head banging to be the result of insufficient opportunity for physical expression brought about by the infant's restraint of movement in crib or playpen. Spitz and Wolf (1949), Brody (1960), and others (Ribble, 1943; Provence and Lipton, 1962) consider
Strain‐dependent susceptibility to MPTP and MPP+‐induced Parkinsonism is determined by glia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder that strikes approximately 2% of people over age 50. Current hypotheses propose that the cause of PD is multifactorial, involving environmental agents and genetic predisposition. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces parkinsonism in many species, including humans and shows strain specificity in mice. The mechanism of strain specificity, however, remains unknown. Using novel chimeric murine substantia nigra cultures, we demonstrate that sensitivity to MPTP is conferred by glia and that it does not involve the MAO-B conversion of MPTP to MPP(+). C57Bl/6J dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPP(+) demonstrated a 39% loss when cultured on C57Bl/6J glia compared with 17% neuron loss when cultured on resistant SWR/J glia. Similarly, SWR/J neurons exposed to MPP(+) demonstrated a 4% loss when cultured on SWR/J glia, but a 14% loss when cultured on sensitive C57Bl/6J glia. The identification of glia as the critical cell type in the genesis of experimental Parkinsonism provides a target for the development of new anti-parkinsonian therapies.
Approximate Thermodynamic State Relations in Partially Ionized Gas Mixtures

Thermodynamic state relations for mixtures of partially ionized nonideal gases are often approximated by artificially partitioning the mixture into compartments or subvolumes occupied by the pure partially ionized constituent gases, and requiring these subvolumes to be in temperature and pressure equilibrium. This intuitively reasonable procedure is easily shown to reproduce the correct thermal and caloric state equations for a mixture of neutral (nonionized) ideal gases. The purpose of this paper is to point out that (a) this procedure leads to incorrect state equations for a mixture of partially ionized ideal gases, whereas (b) the alternative procedure of requiring that the subvolumes all have the same temperature and free electron density reproduces the correct thermal and caloric state equations for such a mixture. These results readily generalize to the case of partially degenerate and/or relativistic electrons, to a common approximation used to represent pressure ionization effects, and to two-temp...
Temperature, reproduction and behavior

Some current research being conducted on salmonid fishes at the Hanford nuclear complex on the Columbia River is discussed. Studies of thermal effects on reproduction and behavior include a 20-year annual census of spawning chinook salmon near reactor discharges, laboratory experiments on incubation and rearing success at elevated temperatures, studies of equilibrium loss prior to thermal death at lethal temperatures, tests of relative predation rates upon thermally shocked and normal young salmonids, and tracking sonic tagged adults to determine migration behavior near thermal outfalls.
Rhic and Quark Matter: A proposed heavy ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory

For some time there had been strong interest at Brookhaven in exploiting the existence of the Colliding Beam Accelerator, CBA (nee ISABELLE), for the generation of heavy ion collisions at very high energies. Now the opportunity arose to consider the design of a dedicated heavy ion collider which could take advantage of the work already invested in the CBA project. In its report the Working Group recommended a top energy of at least 50 + 50 GeV/amu, emphasizing the need to cover a continuous range of energies extending as low 5 + 5 GeV/amu, with ion masses ranging from protons up to A > 200, and luminosity L > 10/sup 25/cm/sup -2/sec/sup -1/ initially, ultimately reaching much higher values. These parameters were the subject of extensive scrutiny at the Quark Matter '83 Conference one month later at which several of the world's laboratories presented possibilities for very high energy nuclear beam facilities. After several days of such discussions a round table panel at the Conference strongly endorsed the recommendations of the August Working Group, with an emphasis on making the top energy as high as possible without sacrificing the capability for exploring the low energy range as well.
Relationships between sex, race, and social class and social support networks in kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant recipients.

Context—The contribution of social support networks to the recovery of transplant recipients is. an important assessment in measuring improved physical and psychosocial well-being. Social support networks are described by structure, type, and function.Objectives—(1) To describe the levels of structure (size, formal and informal support), type (concrete, emotional, and informational), and function (criticalness, direction, closeness, frequency, and duration) of the social support network and (2) to examine the relationships between individual characteristics of sex, race, and social class and social support networks.Methods—This exploratory-descriptive study was done in a Mid-south transplant center. A total of 258 kidney, liver, and pancreas transplant recipients participated, 61% of whom were less than 50 years old. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the social support network pie chart, and the social support network grid. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used with a ....
Time of day effects on learning and open field activity.

DBA/1J and C57B1/6 male mice learned a maze and open field activity was measured at two different times during the day. Both strains were tested at a high and a low activity period in their daily activity cycle. An interaction between strain and time of testing was found for both measures.
Modification of mechanical properties by ion-beam mixing

Abstract We have been investigating the application of ion-beam mixing of multilayer films on metal substrates to improve wear resistance and friction. With ion-beam mixed multilayers, the surface composition can be chosen independently of the substrate and adhesion can be obtained by a slight mixing at the multilayer/substrate interface. As a final state, the material has a modified surface which is an essential part of the substrate but tailored to provide the desired properties. As a result of ion-beam mixing, one can obtain a variety of microstructures ranging from amorphous to extended solid solutions to stable crystalline phases. Multilayer, Pd-Al, Fe-Ti, and Pd-Ti samples are prepared where each individual sublayer is a wedge so that as a result of ion beam mixing, a homogenous composition is formed throughout the thickness but the composition varies in the lateral direction from Ti-rich to Pd- or Fe-rich. The structure depends on composition. For example, in Fe-Ti a pure amorphous phase is obtained in a narrow composition range around FeTi and in Pd-Ti the microstructure is amorphous over a broad composition range. Wear and friction measurements of Fe-Ti layers on AISI 304 stainless steel show that both ion beam mixing and composition are important for improved tribology.
Credit frictions and consumption dynamics in an open economy

Abstract This paper incorporates a collateral constraint and a banking sector into the New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. With the presence of credit frictions and interest rate rigidity, we examine the dynamics between housing prices, housing consumption and interest rates in response to policy shocks and exchange rate shocks. Unanticipated monetary contraction and currency depreciation decrease collateral-constrained households' housing consumption in accordance with lower home prices, less availability of domestic borrowing and lower lending rates. Compared to a closed economy, policy shocks have larger spillover effects on housing consumption in an open economy since the availability of foreign borrowing magnifies the impact of declining housing prices.
A novel RNA molecular signature for activation of 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase-1

Human 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-1 (OAS1) is central in innate immune system detection of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and promotion of host antiviral responses. However, the molecular signatures that promote OAS1 activation are currently poorly defined. We show that the 3'-end polyuridine sequence of viral and cellular RNA polymerase III non-coding transcripts is critical for their optimal activation of OAS1. Potentiation of OAS1 activity was also observed with a model dsRNA duplex containing an OAS1 activation consensus sequence. We determined that the effect is attributable to a single appended 3'-end residue, is dependent upon its single-stranded nature with strong preference for pyrimidine residues and is mediated by a highly conserved OAS1 residue adjacent to the dsRNA binding surface. These findings represent discovery of a novel signature for OAS1 activation, the 3'-single-stranded pyrimidine (3'-ssPy) motif, with potential functional implications for OAS1 activity in its antiviral and other anti-proliferative roles.
Victim Lifestyle as a Correlate of Homicide Clearance

The current inquiry adds to the literature by using Hindelang’s lifestyle theory to examine the relevance of victim involvement in a deviant lifestyle to the likelihood of and time to homicide clearance. Bivariate analyses suggest that victim lifestyle is an important factor in the distribution of clearance enhancing characteristics across homicide incidents. Cox proportional hazard models indicated that higher levels of victim participation in deviant lifestyle significantly increased the time until a homicide was cleared by arrest. Theoretical and practical issues are discussed in light of these findings.
Litterfall sulfur and nitrogen inputs as influenced by power plant proximity

The mass of litterfall input, and its weight and concentration of S and total N, were evaluated over a 3 yr period at two locations on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee to determine if proximity to a major coal-fired power plant would have a significant impact on elemental input to the forest floor via litterfall. Higher levels of atmospheric S and N input have been reported for the Cross Creek site versus the Camp Branch location. As a general rule, the mass of litterfall and the amount of S and N transferred from standing biomass to the forest floor by litterfall did not differ in a statistically significant (P = 0.05) manner as a function of year, cover type, or location. The limited number of significant responses which were observed were confined for the most part to a single cover type and were attributed to factors other than atmospheric inputs. These and other data collected from the same sites indicate that at least for the elements evaluated, no statistically significant effect on litterfall S and N due to local emissions could be detected.
Preparation and characterization of dinuclear copper(II) complexes containing the [Cu2(μ-OAc)2]2+ core

Abstract Treatment of an aqueous slurry of known Cu2(OH)2(bpy)2(ClO4)2 (1) with an excess of MeCOOH led to rapid formation of the blue complex [Cu2(O2CMe)2(H2O)2(bpy)2](ClO4)2·H2O (3). Complex 3 has also been prepared by slow crystallization from an H2O/MeCOOH reaction mixture containing the polymeric compound [Cu4(O2CMe)8 (bpy)2]n (5), bpy and NaClO4. A similar reaction system containing a lesser amount of H2O led to fast precipitation of the anhydrous compound [Cu2(O2CMe)2(OClO3)2(bpy)2] (4). The transformation of 1 to 3 is reversible; treatment of 3 with neat H2O led to high-yield isolation of 1. Using a significantly shorter reaction time and a smaller volume of H2O, the procedure yielded the known complex [Cu2(OH)(H2O)(O2CMe)(bpy)2](ClO4)2 (2). Similarly, complex 4 can be transformed to 2 in good yield. Complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a with (at - 172°C) a = 17.037(3), b = 9.743(2), c = 18.357(4) A, β = 98.19(5)°, Z = 4 and V = 3016.05 A3. A total of 3651 unique data with F > 2.33σ(F) were refined to values of conventional indices R (Rw) of 7.89 (8.74)%. Complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with (at - 172°C) a = 11.555(4), b = 15.231(5), c = 15.885(6) A, β = 100.27(2)°, Z = 4 and V = 2750.76 A3. A total of 1456 unique data with F > 2.33σ(F) were refined to values of R and Rw of 3.23 and 3.63%, respectively. The structure of 3 consists of the doubly-bridged [Cu2(O2CMe)2(H2O)2(bpy)2]2+ cation, two considerably disordered ClO4− anions and the disordered H2O solvate molecule. The two acetates are in the familiar η1:η1:μ2 bridging mode; a terminal bpy molecule and one aqua ligand complete five-coordination at each metal atom. The molecule of 4 is very similar to the cation of 3; the aqua ligands of 3 are replaced by two terminal, axial monodentate perchlorato groups. In both 3 and 4, the dimers are stabilized by bpy-bpy stacking interactions, and the precise structural effects of these interactions are described.
Economic and Conservation Tradeoffs of Regulatory vs. Incentive-based Water Policy in the Pacific Northwest

In this paper, onfarm water conservation and agricultural economic tradeoffs between selected regulatory and conservation-incentive water-policy choices are evaluated for the Pacific Northwest. Fiv...
Fatigue Damage in Ceramic Coatings From Cyclic Contact Loading With a Tangential Component

The role of a tangential load component in cyclic contact-induced failure of a brittle coating layer is investigated. Tests are conducted on model bilayer systems consisting of glass plates bonded to polymeric substrates, using a spherical indenter in periodic off-axis loading, in a water environment. The principal damage is that of a partial cone crack which forms in the wake of the contact and propagates steeply through the coating layer with continued loading. The critical number of cycles required to propagate the cone cracks through the coating is substantially reduced in off-axis relative to axial loading, and diminishes rapidly with increasing peak load. It is confirmed that the superposition of sliding tractions at the contact can have a profoundly deleterious effect on coating lifetime.
Formation of the gap junction nexus: binding partners for connexins.

Abstract Gap junctions are the morphological correlates of direct cell–cell communication and are formed of hexameric assemblies of gap junction proteins (connexins) into hemichannels (or connexons) provided by each coupled cell. Gap junction channels formed by each of the connexin subtypes (of which there are as many as 20) display different properties, which have been attributed to differences in amino acid sequences of gating domains of the connexins. Recent studies additionally indicate that connexin proteins interact with other cellular components to form a protein complex termed the Nexus. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the protein–protein interactions involving of connexin proteins and proposes hypothesized functions for these interactions.
Oxidation induced ionization and reactions of metal carbide clusters (Nb, Zr, V, Ta)

Abstract Following our recent report of the oxidation induced formation of Ti8C12+ (H.T. Deng, K.P. Kerns, and A.W. Castleman, Jr., J. Chem. Phys. 104 (1996) 4862), the oxidation induced ionization of niobium and zirconium carbide clusters are studied using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a laser induced plasma reaction source. It was found that reactions of both of these neutral carbide clusters with dioxygen leads to formation of carbide ions. The ion product distributions show that zirconium carbide clusters mainly take the form of Met—Car cations, but niobium carbide clusters favor a cubic-like crystalline pattern. Furthermore, reactions of mass-selected NbxCy+ with dioxygen result in a sequential loss of C2 units from NbxCy+, and leads to formation of Nbx+ and NbxC+ depending on y being an even or odd number. However, NbxCy+ shows comparably low reactivity towards nitrous oxide through a single oxygen abstraction mechanism. In comparison with the reaction products of VxCy+ with dioxygen, the complementary information obtained in the present study suggests that the C2 unit is a basic building block for formation of small early transition metal carbide clusters. The oxidation induced ionization mechanisms are also discussed in relation with the stability, ionization potentials, and structures of the clusters.
Development of a new seal material to reduce energy losses in vehicle transmissions

Emission regulations, fuel conservation and green-house gas reduction have made vehicle efficiency a driving force in driveline and transmission design. The largest component of frictional losses, outside the engine itself, occurs in transmission and driveline components. This feature describes the development of a new material and design practices that demonstrate a 50% improvement in measured torque loss on a transmission shaft and a reduction in oil flow rates of up to 90%–significantly reducing the parasitic losses associated with the transmission oil pump.
Marine Glutathione S-Transferases

The aquatic environment is generally affected by the presence of environmental xenobiotic compounds. One of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes is glutathione S-transferase (GST), which belongs to a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in catalyzing nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) to an electrophilic group on metabolic products or xenobiotic compounds. Because of the unique nature of the aquatic environment and the possible pollution therein, the biochemical evolution in terms of the nature of GSTs could by uniquely expressed. The full complement of GSTs has not been studied in marine organisms, as very few aquatic GSTs have been fully characterized. The focus of this article is to present an overview of the GST superfamily and their critical role in the survival of organisms in the marine environment, emphasizing the critical roles of GSTs in the detoxification of marine organisms and the unique characteristics of their GSTs compared to those from non-marine organisms.
Hirata's stability analysis defended

Recent correspondence (Loehle 1985) claiming to ‘refute’ Hirata's (1980) model of material cycling in a closed ecosystem is shown to be in error owing to a fundamental misunderstanding of the model and its aims.
Neurosurgery at the University of Florida

The significant factors in the development of the neurosurgery program at the University of Florida have been the funding for 10 endowed chairs and a Brain Institute, the achievement of departmental status in the College of Medicine, the collaborative research with a strong Department of Neuroscience, and the strong commitment by the faculty to subspecialty neurosurgery and to service in the national neurosurgical organizations.
An Integral Variational Equation for Transport Processes in a Moving Fluid

An integral variational equation can adequately describe heat, mass, and momentum transfer in a moving chemically reactive fluid. The Euler-Lagrange equations corresponding to the suggested variational equation are identical to the equations of entropy, momentum, angular momentum, and mass balance. The constructed Lagrangian density relates energy change in the system to the work and energy dissipation of the system. For steady-state processes, the Lagrangian density includes convective energy flow through the system boundary, energy dissipation in the system, and work of the system. The proposed variational equation is equivalent to the expansion of the principle of minimum energy dissipation.
Sample sizes for estimating the Weibull hazard function from censored samples

An important part of planning a life test is the specification of the sample size needed to achieve a specified degree of precision from the experiment. The hazard function is frequently used as a decision criterion, especially in replacement decisions. It is shown how to choose the sample size needed to estimate a point on the hazard function with a specified degree of precision. An easy-to-use graph that can be used with the Weibull distribution and a life test that will be terminated after a pre-specified amount of time are provided. How to apply the methodology with other time-to-failure distributions and other kinds of life tests is described. >
Sa1652 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advantages of Carbon Dioxide Based Double-Balloon Enteroscopy for Management of Small Bowel Diseases: a 5-Year, Single-Center Experience

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advantages of Carbon Dioxide Based Double-Balloon Enteroscopy for Management of Small Bowel Diseases: a 5-Year, Single-Center Experience Sergey Kantsevoy*, Andrew Ofosu, Marianne Bitner, Lisa Turnbough, Sanjay Jagannath, Anurag Maheshwari, Paul J. Thuluvath Institute for Digestive Health and Liver Disease, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Medicine, Harbor Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD Background: Development of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) enabled both therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in the small bowel. Aim: To compare procedural techniques, intubation depth, safety, diagnostic and therapeutic impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) and airbased DBE in patients with known or suspected GI-tract disorders Methods: We performed a retrospectively review of all consecutive DBE performed at Mercy Medical Center for the last 5 years (2008 2012). All data (procedure indications, route of procedure, average depth of insertion, procedural findings, complications, etc) were entered into Excel database and analyzed. Results: Total of 148 procedures was performed by a single operator in 124 patients (61 Males, 63 females; mean age 63.1 14.6 years, range 25-86 years.) The most common indications were suspected small bowel bleeding (n 91, 61.5%), abnormal capsule endoscopy (n 16, 10.8%) or CT imaging (n 10, 6.8%), suspected polyps (n 15, 10.1%) or Crohn’s disease (n 8, 5.4%), unclear cause of diarrhea (n 3, 2.0%), abdominal pain (n 3, 2.0%) and recurrent small bowel obstruction (n 2, 1.4%). 23 procedures were done using air insufflation and 125 of the procedures were done with CO2. Average distance travelled through the antegrade route using C02 was 12 3.2 feet,and the average distance travelled by the antegrade route using air was only5.3 0.8 feet (p 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and indication, the depth of insertion with antegrade approach was 7 feet more in the CO2 based DBE compared to air insufflation, p 0.001. Average distance travelled through the retrograde route using C02 was 10.2 2.5 feet and the average distance travelled by the retrograde route using air was 6.5 3.5 feet (p 0.08). Adjusting for age, gender and indication, the depth of insertion with antegrade approach was 2 feet more in the CO2 based DBE compared to air insufflation, p 0.04. The overall diagnostic yield of the DBE was 65% with most pathologic lesions found being AVM (n 32), ulcers of various etiologies (n 25), polyps (n 22), lymphoid hyperplasia (n 6), ileal stenosis (n 5), chronic active ileitis (n 5), Crohn’s disease (n 3), neuro-endocrine tumor (n 1), biliary -jejunal stenosis (n 1). Conclusion: DBE is a useful, safe and well-tolerated technique with high diagnostic and therapeutic value for management of various small bowel diseases. Use of CO2 significantly improves depth of insertion during DBE comparing to air insufflation.
Orthochromatic, species-limited staining of mast cells with night blue.

Night blue will stain the mast cells of rat, mouse and hamster selectively if alcohol differentiation is controlled. The technical steps are: Dewax paraffin sections with xylene, 2 changes; air dry; 2% Na2SO4, 3-5 sec; 0.5% night blue in 10% ethanol, 1 hr at 60°C; rinse in water; 9% HNO3, 15 sec; water 1-5 min; 70% ethanol, 2 changes, 30 sec each; wash; 0.01% safranin, 3-5 sec; rinse, blot, air dry, mount in synthetic resin. A clear orthochromatic stain of the mast-cell granules occurs. Acid fixation prevents the staining reaction.
Designing and Implementing the National Organizations Study

This article reports sampling and data collection procedures for a national sample of work organizations. The sampling unit was establishments, which were drawn with probability proportionate to size. About half of the establishments were parts of larger organizations. Data were collected from 52% of the establishments that fell into the sample and from 64.5% of eligible establishments for which adequate identifying information exisited. The current sample is based on the 1991 NORC General Society Survey. In connection with a 15-minute module on experiences with employers, respondents were asked to give the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of their employers and the employers of their spouses. The information was transmitted to the Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, from which telephone interviews were conducted with informants on the sampled establishments. This article discusses results of the data collection process, including success of requests for nominations and the disposit...
Metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: a randomized trial of sequential vs combination chemotherapy.

In order to determine whether combination chemotherapy offered any advantage over single-agent therapy in cases of metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, we performed a randomized study in 56 patients comparing combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, procarbazine, leucovorin—CAMP-L) with a regimen in which the same drugs were given sequentially (methotrexate/leucovorin followed by cyclo-phosphamide/doxorubicin at progression). Of the patients receiving the combination, 52% (14 of 27) had either a partial response or stable disease, compared to 17% (5 of 29) in the sequential group. Of the patients with adenocarcinoma, those in the combination group had a significantly longer survival than those treated in the sequential group (medians, 10.0 vs 2.8 months; P < 0.01); such a difference could not be demonstrated for patients with squamous carcinoma. Patients who achieved a partial response had a median survival of 15.3 months; those with stable disease survived a median of 10.0 months; and those with no response survived a median of 2.5 months (P < 0.0001). Four patients died from chemotherapy-related complications: three from methotrexate toxicity and resultant infection and one from pneumonia associated with neutropenia. We conclude that the short survival of non-responding patients and the survival benefit accompanying response or stabilization make early aggressive combination therapy useful for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
A Parallel Approach to Modeling Language Learning and Understanding in Young Children

To reduce the complexity of studying a parallel mechanism for natural language learning and understanding which supports both utterance and discourse processing, we propose a computational model demonstrating the performance of a young language user just starting to construct two and three word utterances. Our model attempts to capture the explanatory aspects of parallel language processing and the division between long and short term memory which have been shown as important factors in human language learning and performance. We also address the pragmatic consideration of building and supporting the resulting parallel system on a cluster of SMP computers.
Evaluation of Materials Performance in a Large-Scale Glass Melter after Two Years of Vitrifying Simulated SRP Defense Waste

The Large Slurry Fed Melter (LSFM) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant recently completed two years of service and was shut down for evaluation. This paper reviews the melter operating history and describes the condition of the refractories and metal components. The excellent condition of the LSFM verifies the expected performance of the materials of construction and indicates that a two year melter life is achievable in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF).
Choosing a radiology workstation: technical and clinical considerations.

Choosing a workstation for daily use in the interpretation of digital radiologic images can be a daunting task. There are numerous products available on the market, but differentiating among them and deciding on what is best for a particular environment can be confusing and frustrating. There is no “one-size-fits-all” workstation, so users must consider a variety of factors when choosing a workstation. This review summarizes the critical elements in a radiology workstation and the characteristics one should be aware of and look for in the selection of a workstation. Issues pertaining to both hardware and software aspects of medical workstations, including interface design, are reviewed, particularly as they may affect the interpretation process. © RSNA, 2007
Postoperative muscle pains and suxamethonium.

SUMMARY Two matched groups of patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing a staging laparotomy received thiopentone, pancuronium bromide or suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg−1 (group 2) to facilitate tracheal intubation. There were no differences in the sites or degree of postoperative myalgia between the groups. It is concluded that efforts to reduce the frequency of suxamethonium muscle pains in patients having major abdominal operations are not justified.
Impact of malaria related messages on insecticide-treated net (ITN) use for malaria prevention in Ghana

Background: Media messages have been used in Ghana to promote insecticide-treated net (ITN)/bed net usage in an effort to impact on malaria prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of such malaria-related messages delivered through electronic/print media and by volunteers/health workers on the use of ITNs by children living in a household. Methods: Data was collected from September to November of 2008 using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire by the Ghana Statistical Service as part of a national demographic and health survey (DHS). Secondary data analysis was performed on the collected data using multivariate logistic regression for both individual messages and a composite (any of) message variable. Results: From the 11,788 households surveyed, 45% had at least one net. Households with male heads were more likely to have a child sleeping under a bed net the previous night (p = 0.0001). Individual Messages delivered by a health worker or a dedicated radio programme, had the highest effect for one or more children sleeping under a net the night before (OR adjusted = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.44 to 1.88 and OR adjusted = 1.26; 95% CI =1.12 to 1.42 respectively) while hearing any of the eight messages (composite score) resulted in the highest odds for one or more children (OR adjusted = 3.06; 95% CI = 2.27 to 4.12) sleeping under a bed net. Conclusion: Efforts to relate ITN messages to the public are very useful in increasing use of bed nets and having multiple ways of reaching the public increases their effect, with the biggest effect seen when health workers and volunteers were used to deliver malaria-related messages to the public.
Temporal stability of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes affected by thermal annealing of emitting layers

Emitting layers were thermally annealed at 20 to 100 °C for varying durations without causing phase transformation in the rest of the PhOLEDs. Heating EMLs above their Tgs with a free surface created pinholes filled by the underlying TAPC melt with concurrent interlayer mixing to emit satellite peaks accompanying FIrpic's phosphorescence. With a robust glassy TmPyPB layer on top of the EML, pinholes and fortuitous fluorescence could be prevented. Annealing of mCP:SiPh4:FIrpic induced crystallization in 1 h, while mCP--PhSiPh3:FIrpic consistently resisted crystallization under all conditions. Crystallization or pinhole formation diminished EQE and driving voltage at the same time. Without incurring pinhole formation in the absence of a free surface presented by the EML, annealing of mCP:SiPh4:FIrpic at 60 °C for 1 h led to about 50% loss in EQE. In contrast, the pristine device's EQE persisted with mCP--PhSiPh3:FIrpic annealed at 60 °C for up to 24 h, beyond which other sources of device failure took over. The concept of bipolar hybrids holds promise for mitigating morphological instability as part of the challenge to the PhOLED device lifetime.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae periprosthetic joint infection identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing: a case report.

Chronic, culture-negative septic arthritis represents a major clinical dilemma. It often results in prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy, which may or may not have activity against the organism responsible for the infection. It is not possible to cultivate all types of pathogens in vitro with use of traditional laboratory testing methods, but emerging techniques can be helpful to define the etiology of these infections in some cases. We describe a case of a periprosthetic joint infection in a thirty-year-old woman with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and hypogammaglobulinemia, who developed septic arthritis after prolonged pneumonia. She received multiple courses of antimicrobial therapy without improvement of the joint symptoms. The microbiologic diagnosis was made with use of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplification and sequencing from synovial fluid and tissue. The patient gave permission for this information to be submitted for publication. A thirty-year-old woman with JRA and hypogammaglobulinemia was referred for evaluation of an infection at the site of a total knee arthroplasty. Her JRA had been managed with multiple courses of corticosteroids, infliximab, and, more recently, rituximab. She had undergone bilateral shoulder and knee synovectomy, and right elbow synovectomy, and finally had required left total knee arthroplasty in 2006. In the fall of 2009, the patient was hospitalized because of pneumonia, which had a prolonged course, with several hospitalizations due to recurrences over two months. Chest radiographs confirmed right upper lobe pneumonia, which later progressed to bilateral pneumonia. She was treated with azithromycin and ceftriaxone and initially showed improvement, but she then had a relapse with recurrent symptoms. During the multiple relapses, she was treated with vancomycin and cefepime followed by ertapenem. She had five bronchoscopy procedures. The bronchoscopies all showed purulent secretions, but all cultures were negative, including fungal and mycobacterial cultures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycoplasma pneumoniae …
A multiscale approach to network event identification using geolocated twitter data

The large volume of data associated with social networks hinders the unaided user from interpreting network content in real time. This problem is compounded by the fact that there are limited tools available for enabling robust visual social network exploration. We present a network activity visualization using a novel aggregation glyph called the clyph. The clyph intuitively combines spatial, temporal, and quantity data about multiple network events. We also present several case studies where major network events were easily identified using clyphs, establishing them as a powerful aid for network users and owners.
Generation strategies for gaming transmission contraints: will the deregulated electric power market be an oligopoly

Abstract Constrained transmission lines are known to be able to economically isolate submarkets from the competition of players located elsewhere on the network. This paper examines the type of oligopolistic competition that is likely to take place in these submarkets. It shows, using simple models, how static or intertemporal Nash equilibria can rise in a framework of price or supply function competitions, found to be more realistic than Cournot models in the particular case of short-term competition in the electric power market. This paper shows also how transmission constraints can play a direct role in the outcome of the oligopolistic competition and encourage strategic behavior by the generators. Transmission lines that would not be constrained if the players did not know of their thermal limits may be strategically driven to operate at these limits in order to maximize the profits of the players who have market power, leaving the others to cope with the consequences of such behavior.
Reliability of InGaP emitter HBTs at high collector voltage

We show analytically how bipolar transistor breakdown voltage varies between BVceo and BVcbo, depending on the ratio of total emitter and base resistances (Ree/Rbb). We present lifetest results for InGaP emitter HBTs biased above Vce = BVceo while using Ree/Rbb = 1. We obtained MTTF /spl sim/ 1400 h at T/sub j/,/sub peak/ /spl ap/ 330/spl deg/C for both standard epi and a high breakdown voltage power epi. Failures are characterized by sudden /spl beta/ drift at Vce /spl lsim/ BVceo, while at higher Vce, gradual /spl beta/ drift also becomes important. We believe this is the first published lifetest study of GaAs-based HBTs stressed at high Vce. Our results further demonstrate the excellent reliability that can be achieved with InGaP-emitter HBTs.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of sarcoma cancer pain

SUMMARY Background: Pain is often the initial presenting symptom with sarcomas. Upon resection of a sarcoma, most patients experience a resolution of their pain. However, in those patients with continued pain, treatment often requires multiple medications with moderate benefit. Aims: The authors present eight patients who suffer from continued sarcoma-related pain following resection of their initial cancer. Methods: For each patient, we describe the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of sarcoma-related pain. Each patient was brought to the pain clinic for an initial four-lead trial of TENS lasting 30 min to determine the TENS setting that provided greatest pain relief. Patients were educated about the application and use of their TENS unit, which they self-utilized at home. Patients’ pain response was monitored prior to the initial TENS trial and after 2 months of TENS use. Results: Seven out of eight patients had a qualitative or quantitative reduction in their s...
Phytochrome B and the Regulation of Circadian Ethylene Production in Sorghum

The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivar 58M, which contains the null mutant phytochrome B gene, shows reduced photoperiodic sensitivity and exhibits a shade-avoidance phenotype. Ethylene production by seedlings of wild-type and phytochrome B mutant cultivars was monitored every 3 h, and both cultivars were found to produce ethylene in a circadian rhythm, with peak production occurring during the day. The phytochrome B mutant produces rhythmic peaks of ethylene with approximately 10 times the amplitude of the wild-type counterpart with the same period and diurnal timing. The source of the mutant's additional ethylene is the shoot. The diurnal rhythm can be produced with either light or temperature cycles; however, both light and temperature cycles are required for circadian entrainment. The temperature signal overrides the light signal in the production of diurnal rhythms, because seedlings grown under thermoperiods reversed with the photoperiod produced ethylene peaks during the warm nights. To examine the effect of extreme shading on ethylene production, seedlings were grown under dim, far-red-enriched light. This treatment duplicated the phytochrome B mutant's shade-avoidance phenotype in the wild type and caused the wild type to produce ethylene peaks similar to those observed in the mutant. The results confirm that phytochrome B is not required for proper function of circadian timing, but it may be involved in modulating physiological rhythms driven by the biological clock oscillator.
Liquid scintillation counting of C14 and H3 in plasma and serum.

A liquid scintillation technic for counting total plasma or serum activity of C/sup 14/ and H/sup 3/ is described. The serm is complexed by the quaterary ammonium base, Hyamine, and dissolved in phosphor-containg toluene with the addition of ethanol. Correction for quenching is effected by recounting an added internal standard after determination of the observed count. The method was shown to be rapid and accurate for various volumes of serum. (auth) Inc., Canoga Psrk, Calif.
Life events, psychopathology, and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents

Abstract Background Little is known about risk factors of suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents. This study examined the associations between negative life events, psychopathology, and suicidal behavior in rural adolescents of China. Methods A total of 1362 adolescent students in a rural prefecture of China completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning suicidal behavior, psychopathology, life events, and demographics. Data analyses were conducted using multivariate logistic regression modeling. Results Females were more likely to report suicidal ideation than males (22.0% vs. 17.5%). While the rate of suicide attempt was slightly higher in younger males (12–15 years) than in females (4.7% vs. 3.1%), the rate was higher in older females (16–18 years) than in males (12.7% vs. 9.5%). Suicide attempters reported more negative life events during the past year than suicidal ideators and non-suicidal adolescents. Academic stress and family conflicts were the major stress domains of adolescents at risk for suicidal behavior. A significant dose–response relationship was observed between the number of life events and suicidal behavior. Negative life events were also associated with increased risk for internalizing and externalizing problems. Both internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly associated with elevated risk for suicidal behavior after negative life events were controlled. Limitations This is a cross-sectional study. Longitudinal study is warranted to examine the roles of life stress in adolescent suicidal behavior. Conclusions Adolescents who experienced more negative life events are at increased risk for suicidal behavior. Both internalizing and externalizing problems mediate the effect of life events on adolescent suicidal behavior.
Single-frame measurement of the complete spatiotemporal intensity and phase of ultrashort laser pulses using wavelength-multiplexed digital holography

We show that a simple (few-element) arrangement for wavelength-multiplexed digital holography allows the measurement of the electric field E(x,y,t) of a femtosecond laser pulse on a single shot. A slightly rotated two-dimensional diffractive optical element and a variable-wavelength filter together generate multiple spectrally resolved digital holograms that are simultaneously captured in a single frame by a digital camera. An additional simultaneous measurement of the spectral phase for a spatially filtered replica of the pulse with frequency-resolved optical gating completes this three-dimensional measurement. An experimental implementation of the technique is presented and its current limitations are discussed.