cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multivariate?Risk Quantization Algorithm based on Probabilistic Model

The electric power industry is a fundamental industry to the country's economy and the people's life.To reduce the security risk in electric information system,this paper proposes a multivariate risk quantization algorithm based on probabilistic model.By comprehensively considering the inherent relationship among between asset,threat,vulnerability and existing security safeguard,the security risk could be assessed more accurately,and through probabilistic model,the individual asset's risk is quantized as the risk of the whole system,thus to more accurately reflect the implication of the risk.Actual operation results show that this method could effectively assess the level of information security in electric power information system.
Fluid temperature control system of mechanical seal test bed

In order to control the fluid temperature conveniently,a fluid temperature control system of mechanical seal test bed with single-chip processor is designed.The basic theory of the fluid temperature control is introduced and its mathematic model is developed.In the design of system software C language and adverted corpus language are adopted.By means of the C51 translator-editor the C language is turned into corpus language,so that the design program is simplified.The result indicates that the program is applicable to other domain and provides the basis for the design of mechanical seal test bed.mechanical seal;temperature control;mathematics model;C translator-editor
Retail-center viability and urban form: a micro analysis

AbstractLocation is commonly axiomatically stated as the most important real estate feature. However, little attention is given to the urban system that reveals how location is configured, and how that configuration sustains the viability of site-specific retailing activity in the metropolitan region. In this paper, we use block-level, GIS-aided spatial data that reveal the physical qualities of the retail center’s built environment as well as employment and business activity. Thereby, we examine a hypothesis that retailing viability is linked to urban form and set out to determine a statistical relationship. Retail sales data indicate the viability of businesses in two matched shopping centers, urban and suburban, each anchored by an identical big-box retailer downsized to a neighborhood supermarket, with pedestrian-friendly orientation and proximity to housing. The paper concludes with regression estimates of the urban form determinants of business viability by various distances from the retail center.
Pharmacotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of severe Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Patients with severe AD often require assistance with daily functioning and have a substantially higher probability of admission to nursing homes compared to the general population.Areas covered: Medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of severe AD include the cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), donepezil (10 and 23 mg/day) and rivastigmine (transdermal patch, 13.3 mg/24 hours), and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine (immediate- and extended-release formulations). This article will review the efficacy, safety, and tolerability data of these agents in the treatment of severe AD. Issues related to combination therapy, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and treatment discontinuation are also discussed.Expert opinion: AD therapeutics provide benefits on measures of cognition, functioning, behavior, and global status even in the severe stages of AD. Combination ther...
Developing Registered Nurse Competency in Diabetes Care

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Problem Statement 3 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 5 Nursing Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus 5 Hypoglycemia Awareness, Risks, and Costs 9 Needs Assessment and Description of the Project 14 Population Identification 15 Project Sponsors and Key Stakeholders 16 Organizational Assessment 17 Assessment of Available Resources 17 Team Selection and Formation 18 Cost-Benefit Analysis 18 Scope of Project 18 Mission, Goals, and Objectives of the Project 19 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE PROJECT 20 Theory to Support Change 20 Theoretical Framework 22
Langerhans cell histiocytosis associated with lymphoma: an incidental finding that is not associated with BRAF or MAP2K1 mutations

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is characterized by a localized or systemic proliferation of Langerhans cells. BRAF mutations have been reported in 40-70% of cases and MAP2K1 mutations have been found in BRAF-negative cases, supporting that Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a true neoplasm, at least in mutated cases. In a small subset of patients, Langerhans cell histiocytosis is detected incidentally in a biopsy involved by lymphoma. These lesions are usually minute and rarely have been assessed for mutations. We assessed for BRAF and MAP2K1 mutations in seven cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis detected incidentally in biopsies involved by lymphoma. We performed immunohistochemical analysis for phosphorylated (p)-ERK. There were four men and three women (median age, 54 years; range, 28-84). The biopsies included lymph nodes (n=6) and chest wall (n=1). The lymphomas included five classical Hodgkin lymphoma, one mantle cell lymphoma, and one angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. All cases were negative for BRAF V600E and MAP2K1 mutations. Nevertheless, three of seven cases showed ERK activation as shown by expression of p-ERK. We performed mutation analysis using a panel of 134 commonly mutated genes (including BRAF and MAP2K1) by next-generation sequencing on three cases, including two cases positive for p-ERK by immunohistochemistry. No mutations were detected in any of the three cases assessed. Six patients received therapy appropriate for their lymphoma. With a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 6-89), no patients developed disseminated or recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We conclude that lymphoma-associated Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a clinically benign process that is not associated with BRAF V600E or MAP2K1 mutations and, as suggested by others, the designation Langerhans cell hyperplasia may be more appropriate. Nevertheless, the expression of p-ERK in three cases suggests that the RAS-RAF-MAP2K-ERK pathway is activated, perhaps by non-mutational mechanisms induced by the presence of lymphoma or lymphoma-microenvironment interactions.
MCNP6 fragmentation of light nuclei at intermediate energies

Fragmentation reactions induced on light target nuclei by protons and light nuclei of energies around 1 GeV/nucleon and below are studied with the latest Los Alamos Monte Carlo transport code MCNP6 and with its cascade-exciton model (CEM) and Los Alamos version of the quark-gluon string model (LAQGSM) event generators, version 03.03, used as stand-alone codes. Such reactions are involved in different applications, like cosmic-ray-induced single event upsets (SEU’s), radiation protection, and cancer therapy with proton and ion beams, among others; therefore, it is important that MCNP6 simulates them as well as possible. CEM and LAQGSM assume that intermediate-energy fragmentation reactions on light nuclei occur generally in two stages. The first stage is the intranuclear cascade (INC), followed by th e second, Fermi breakup disintegration of light excited residual nuclei produced after INC. Both CEM and LAQGSM account also for coalescence of light fragments (complex particles) up to 4 He from energetic nucleons emitted during INC. We investigate the validity and performance of MCNP6, CEM, and LAQGSM in simulating fragmentation reactions at intermediate energies and discuss possible ways of further improving these codes.
Capecitabine Induced Hand and Foot Syndrome and the Reproducibility of Friction Skin

In 2008 a sixty-two year old male was detained by United States Customs and Immigration officials when attempting to enter the United States because his fingerprints were not detectable thus preven...
Selecting the minimal set of preferred responses to counter detected intrusions

Over the past decades, cyber attacks have grown in frequency as well as in sophistication. Often, they elude the counter-measures that are in place due to inadequate expert man-power that is necessary to manually deploy the correct responses and maintain systems being compromised. In this paper, we present a decision support framework with the two specific objectives: to identify the best set of responses given the knowledge of the attack and the system being protected; and to identify the minimal set of responses that must be deployed. While appropriateness of responses is of utmost importance to safeguard systems from attacks, minimality in the number of responses, though an important factor from the deployment perspective, has often been discarded. Our framework leverages National Vulnerability Database as a source for information about the vulnerabilities exploited, relies on the pre-specified expert knowledge about the responses that can adequately stop attack and takes into considerations the impact of an attack as well as responses on the system being protected in terms of CIA vector. We investigate several heuristics for selecting best responses, discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages, and present a specific heuristic, which can produce the optimal result.
Enhancing Habermas with Ray Oldenburg

This chapter attends to Habermas’s notion of the public sphere as where communicative action takes place. Habermas takes great pains to outline how the dynamics of communicative action indicate a healthy democratic space for mutual consensus and intersubjective accommodations that build solidarity. Containing much utility for Death Cafe analysis, Habermas actually discusses cafes as public sphere sites where news and information about the economy, trade, finances, and the state intertwine, but at the price of excluding a grassroots community. The notion of a public sphere renders it useful for conceptualizing death talk as a means of democratic expression, one that can contest narratives from social institutions and the state. This chapter also provides an analogous rendering of a public sphere environment through Ray Oldenburg’s notion of the “third place”: pubs, coffee shops, bookstores, and even hair salons, which function to promote community interaction and civic engagement. As a useful concept for looking at communities that are formed in spite of the presupposed alienation among urban dwellers, Oldenburg emphasizes how such environments are vital for democracy. For Oldenburg, the converse is also hauntingly true: totalitarian systems would never tolerate public and informal gatherings of citizens critical of the government. This chapter also demonstrates how Oldenburg takes his ideas to the same horizons as Habermas’s in that public spheres are ideal environments for communicative action dynamics. Indeed, the formulation that will close this chapter is that Death Cafes are primarily third place or public sphere phenomena.
Differential and Combined Effects of Physical Activity Profiles and Prohealth Behaviors on Diabetes Prevalence among Blacks and Whites in the US Population: A Novel Bayesian Belief Network Machine Learning Analysis

The current study assessed the prevalence of diabetes across four different physical activity lifestyles and infer through machine learning which combinations of physical activity, sleep, stress, and body mass index yield the lowest prevalence of diabetes in Blacks and Whites. Data were extracted from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset from 2004–2013 containing demographics, chronic diseases, and sleep duration ( = 288,888). Of the total sample, 9.34% reported diabetes (where the prevalence of diabetes was 12.92% in Blacks/African Americans and 8.68% in Whites). Over half of the sample reported sedentary lifestyles (Blacks were more sedentary than Whites), approximately 20% reported moderately active lifestyles (Whites more than Blacks), approximately 15% reported active lifestyles (Whites more than Blacks), and approximately 6% reported very active lifestyles (Whites more than Blacks). Across four different physical activity lifestyles, Blacks consistently had a higher diabetes prevalence compared to their White counterparts. Physical activity combined with healthy sleep, low stress, and average body weight reduced the prevalence of diabetes, especially in Blacks. Our study highlights the need to provide alternative and personalized behavioral/lifestyle recommendations to generic national physical activity recommendations, specifically among Blacks, to reduce diabetes and narrow diabetes disparities between Blacks and Whites.
Microseismic hydraulic fracture imaging in the Marcellus Shale using head waves

We studied microseismic data acquired from a geophone array deployed in the horizontal section of a well drilled in the Marcellus Shale near Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. Head waves were used to improve event location accuracy as a substitution of the traditional P-wave polarization method. We identified that resonances due to poor geophone to borehole coupling hinder arrival time picking and contaminate the microseismic data spectrum. The traditional method had substantially greater uncertainty in our data due to the large uncertainty in P-wave polarization direction estimation. We also identified the existence of prominent head waves in some of the data. These head waves are refractions from the interface between the Marcellus Shale and the underlying Onondaga Formation. The source location accuracy of microseismic events can be significantly improved by using both the P-, S-wave direct arrival times and the head wave arrival times. Based on the improvement, we propose a new acquisition geometry and...
Self-regulation and the Development of Literacy and Language Achievement from Preschool through Second Grade.

Abstract Previous research has established that higher levels of behavioral self-regulation are associated with higher levels of language and literacy. In this study, we take a more developmental perspective by considering how trajectories of self-regulation development (early, intermediate, late) predict the way literacy and language skills develop from preschool through second grade. Children (n = 351) were assessed twice per year for up to four years on indicators of decoding, reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and vocabulary. Using non-linear growth curve models, we found that children who demonstrated self-regulation earlier had higher language and literacy skills throughout preschool to second grade. More specifically, earlier self-regulation trajectories were associated with both higher levels and earlier development of both decoding and reading comprehension, but not faster development. Children with early self-regulation trajectories developed phonological awareness earlier than those with late self-regulation trajectories. Finally, children with early self-regulation trajectories had higher levels of vocabulary than children with intermediate trajectories, but did not differ on the rate or timing of vocabulary development. Findings point to the enduring and interconnected nature of self-regulation and children’s language and literacy development.
An Abrupt Transition to an Intergranular Failure Mode in the Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Regime in Ni-Based Superalloys

Cyclic near-threshold fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of two disk superalloys was evaluated and was shown to exhibit an unexpected sudden failure mode transition from a mostly transgranular failure mode at higher stress intensity factor ranges to an almost completely intergranular failure mode in the threshold regime. The change in failure modes was associated with a crossover of FCG resistance curves in which the conditions that produced higher FCG rates in the Paris regime resulted in lower FCG rates and increased ∆Kth values in the threshold region. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to carefully characterize the crack tips at these near-threshold conditions. Formation of stable Al-oxide followed by Cr-oxide and Ti-oxides was found to occur at the crack tip prior to formation of unstable oxides. To contrast with the threshold failure mode regime, a quantitative assessment of the role that the intergranular failure mode has on cyclic FCG behavior in the Paris regime was also performed. It was demonstrated that even a very limited intergranular failure content dominates the FCG response under mixed mode failure conditions.
Capsid Assembly: Bacterial Virus Structure and Assembly

Bacterial viruses are so diverse that no single structural principle or assembly mechanism applies to all of them. Because they are often very tractable in the laboratory and because virions of a given bacteriophage are identical or nearly so, the study of their structure and assembly has been a very informative enterprise since the dawn of molecular biology. This body of research has given rise to many of the important concepts in the assembly of complex macromolecular structures that include (1) the use of obligate assembly pathways which are controlled by sequential conformational changes, (2) the critical participation by proteins that are not present in the final assembled structure, (3) the use of guides or templates to determine the size of symmetrical protein arrays, (4) covalent modification of proteins during the assembly process that alter their properties in a controlled fashion, and (5) error-checking mechanisms. Recent advances in our knowledge of virion structure have put assembly studies into a much sharper focus.
To Sydney, to Moscow, and back

As a mathematician I had been doing quite a bit of travelling—a conference here, an invitation to give a colloquium lecture there, and a meeting of the AMS somewhere else—but most of it was of the one or two night variety, involving flights lasting two hours or four. About the middle 1960’s a few bigger opportunities came along and I could see a little more of the world. It began with a bang in 1964 with a trip to Sydney in January.
The Elite Politics of Media Advocacy in Human Rights

Advocacy nongovernmental organizations based in the North adopt digital tools to bypass repressive regimes, raise awareness amongst global publics, sustain grassroots activists in the South, and en...
Adult-onset bilateral Parry-Romberg syndrome

Parry-Romberg Syndrome (PRS), or progressive hemifacial atrophy, is an uncommon disorder characterized by progressive unilateral loss of adipose tissue and underlying structures including muscle, cartilage, and bone, often with little or no sclerosis. PRS and morphea en coup de sabre (ECDS) have significant overlap, often coexist, and are likely different phenotypes of morphea.1 PRS usually presents in the first decade of life, but later presentations have been described.1 It is more common in females and the pathogenesis is not completely understood.1 Neurologic symptoms are the most common extracutaneous systemic manifestation. Bilateral disease occurs in rare instances.1 We describe a woman with profound bilateral facial atrophy whose presentation does not follow the typically reported disease course or histopathologic findings seen in PRS.
Impact of hepatitis C sustained viral response on cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACTBackground: Hepatitis C virus-infected patients are found to have increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of treatment on cardio...
The Ulcer of the Mughal Empire: Mughals and Marathas, 1680-1707

The Muslim Mughal Empire of India found itself at the height of its power under the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707), yet the foundations of that power were unstable at the death of the em...
Injection of seminal fluid into the hemocoel of honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) can stimulate post-mating changes

Honey bee queens undergo dramatic behavioral (e.g., reduced sexual receptivity), physiological (e.g., ovary activation, ovulation, and modulation of pheromone production) and transcriptional changes after they complete mating. To elucidate how queen post-mating changes are influenced by seminal fluid, the non-spermatozoa-containing component of semen, we injected queens with semen or seminal fluid alone. We assessed queen sexual receptivity (as measured by likelihood to take mating flights), ovary activation, worker retinue response (which is influenced by queen pheromone production), and transcriptional changes in queen abdominal fat body and brain tissues. Injection with either seminal fluid or semen resulted in decreased sexual receptivity, increased attractiveness of queens to workers, and altered expression of several genes that are also regulated by natural mating in queens. The post-mating and transcriptional changes of queens receiving seminal fluid were not significantly different from queens injected with semen, suggesting that components in seminal fluid, such as seminal fluid proteins, are largely responsible for stimulating post-mating changes in queens.
Comparison of Case-Based Learning and Traditional Lectures in an Orthopedic Residency Anatomy Course.

Objective The impact of new pedagogical methods such as case-based learning (CBL) rather than traditional lectures in graduate medical education is poorly defined. We hypothesized that using CBL in lieu of lectures in an orthopedic surgery residency anatomy course would lead to increased resident engagement, improved resident satisfaction, and similar knowledge acquisition. Design A prospective, observational study design was used. CBL sessions were developed for an orthopedic surgery residency anatomy course. Content was delivered in 6 sessions (3 traditional lecture-based and 3 CBL) taught by the same attending surgeon. Engagement was measured every 10 minutes by 2 trained observers using a standardized protocol. Resident satisfaction was surveyed and knowledge acquisition tested. Data from the course were scored separately for CBL verses lectures and compared statistically. Setting Orthopedic surgery residency program at the University of California, San Francisco. Participants Orthopedic surgery interns and residents (n = 35). Results No significant differences were measured in resident engagement (83% vs 85%, p = 0.664) or in knowledge acquisition (84% vs 78%, p = 0.056) in CBL verses lecture sessions, respectively. CBL sessions were judged equally valuable compared to lectures with high satisfaction rates across all survey measures. Conclusions Residents demonstrated similar engagement and satisfaction with CBL compared to lectures with equivalent knowledge acquisition, suggesting both pedagogical methods are effective for a highly motivated group of learners.
An Efficient Microwave-Mediated Synthesis of Hexavalent Sialic Acid Sulfoglycodendrimers as Potential Anti-HIV Agents

A series of four sialic acid-containing hexavalent sulfoglycodendrimers (SGDs) were synthesized in excellent yields using an efficient strategy involving multiple microwave-mediated reactions. Four sugars, sialic acid, and the dimer through tetramer of α-2→8-linked oligosialic acid were added to an aminooxy-terminated hexavalent dendrimer core using a chemoselective oxime-forming reaction. This method resulted in substantial improvements in reaction time and product yields over previous methods. These multivalent glycopolymers were designed as potential topical agents for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV-1. While inactive against HIV-1, the SGDs were also not cytotoxic, opening a pathway for the further development of anti-HIV SGDs.
The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano.

The Diptera names listed by Theodorus van Swinderen in his list of animals and minerals in the Groningen Natural History Museum are itemized and annotated. Most of the names listed, including those newly proposed, are synonymous with previously published names. One (Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822) is a senior synonym of the well-known Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824. It has been dealt with in a previous paper, and Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822 is now declared a nomen oblitum. The following new synonymies are proposed herein: Acolasta Swinderen, 1822 = Sepedon Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Cleona Swinderen, 1822 = Callomyia Meigen, 1804, n. syn. [Platypezidae]; Cleona acuminata Swinderen, 1822 = Callomyia elegans Meigen, 1804, n. syn. [Platypezidae]; Driope Swinderen, 1822 = Dorycera Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Macrostoma Swinderen, 1822 = Volucella Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Marsupium Swinderen, 1822 = Sphegina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Nycteria Swinderen, 1822 = Pipiza Fallen, 1810, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Pacystoma Swinderen, 1822 = Medetera Fischer von Waldheim, 1819, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Penthesilia Swinderen, 1822 = Merodon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Tromera Swinderen, 1822 = Madiza Fallen, 1810, n. syn. [Milichiidae]. Titania Swinderen, 1822 (preoccupied by Titania Meigen, 1800) and its type species Titania albipennis Swinderen, 1822 are available names, but are considered here as nomina dubia and unplaced within Diptera. Thericas Swinderen, 1822 is considered unavailable as it is not accompanied by a description or a definition and is based on an unavailable name. Dorycera Meigen, 1830 is declared a nomen protectum and Driope Swinderen, 1822 is declared a nomen oblitum; Medetera muralis Meigen, 1824 is declared a nomen protectum and Pacystoma muralis Swinderen, 1822 a nomen oblitum.
Saving, Lending, Borrowing, and the Banking Sector

This chapter goes through the details of money creation. After showing the benefits of saving, borrowing, and lending, I talk about fractional-reserve banking. I introduce the reader to the basic mechanics of money creation. I go over the concepts of price level, inflation, deflation, and disinflation. The reader learns that while decreasing prices may sound like a good thing, a decreasing price level holds the seeds of economic stagnation.
Cervical Medial Branch Block and Radiofrequency Ablation – Posterior Approach

Cervical medial branch diagnostic injections (MBB) and radiofrequency ablation are commonly performed for chronic facet-related neck pain. This chapter provides a step-by-step guide on how to perform this intervention safely from the posterior approach and shows all the relevant C-arm and needle positions that need to be demonstrated during the Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP) exam administered by the World Institute of Pain (WIP). Both native and edited high-quality images are included, so the fluoroscopy anatomy is more easily understood.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder with significant morbidity and decreased survival in affected patients. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been shown to be curative in both children and adults. However, utilization has been limited due to toxicity, donor availability, and a high incidence of graft rejection. Emerging therapeutic options including alternative donor transplantation and gene therapy are providing new opportunities for SCD patients; however, many of these therapies are still under investigation.
P16 Understanding College Student Awareness of Cancer Risk Prevention: Screening and Perception of Dietary Influence

Background With cancer as 1 of the leading causes of death, primary prevention measures early in the lifecycle are of relentless importance. Formative understanding of young adult cancer prevention knowledge can aid in development of future programming. Objective Assess college student knowledge and perceptions regarding cancer prevention. Study Design, Setting, Participants A sample of 2,350 college students at a southeastern university were random selected from undergraduate student records for a cross-sectional anonymous online survey. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Data collected included demographics (sex, age, and race), self-perceived health rating (fair/poor, good, very good/excellent), knowledge of age/frequency for cancer screenings (breast, colon, cervical, lung, and prostate), and likert item questions (perceptions of diet and lifestyle-related cancer risk behaviors) on a scale of definitely not true (1) to definitely true (5). Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test were used. Results Students (n = 144) were White, female, and average of 20 years old. For timing of cancer screening (age/frequency) 78% or more students answered incorrectly on all items except frequency of mammograms (52% correct). Students agreed UV rays, cigarette smoking, family history, and exposure to certain metals/chemicals may cause cancer, but were less certain on dietary impact of cancer risk/prevention (consuming salty, hot, high fat, meats, burned, or spicy foods). Agreement that “smoking may cause cancer” was more agreed with (4.89 ± 0.38 of 5) than “high fat diets may cause cancer” (3.66 ± 1.05) and “diets rich in meat may cause cancer” (3.25 ± 0.95). Males (P = 0.01), and those rating health as very good/excellent (P = 0.03), perceived salty foods as causing cancer. Conclusion While college students are aware of typical cancer risk behaviors such as smoking and UV rays, dietary influence was less agreed upon. There is a need for more innovative, long-term interventions on nutrition education and behaviors related to cancer prevention among college students to reduce cancer risk across the lifespan.
Defeating duplicates: A re-design of the LearnedSort algorithm.

LearnedSort is a novel sorting algorithm that, unlike traditional methods, uses fast ML models to boost the sorting speed. The models learn to estimate the input's distribution and arrange the keys in sorted order by predicting their empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) values. LearnedSort has shown outstanding performance compared to state-of-the-art sorting algorithms on several datasets, both synthetic and real. However, given the nature of the eCDF model, its performance is affected in the cases when the input data contains a large number of repeated keys (i.e., duplicates). This work analyzes this scenario in depth and introduces LearnedSort 2.0: a re-design of the algorithm that addresses this issue and enables the algorithm to maintain the leading edge even for high-duplicate inputs. Our extensive benchmarks on a large set of diverse datasets demonstrate that the new design performs at much higher sorting rates than the original version: an average of 4.78x improvement for high-duplicate datasets, and 1.60x for low-duplicate datasets while taking the lead among sorting algorithms.
Temperature heterogeneity correlates with intraspecific variation in physiological flexibility in a small endotherm.

Phenotypic flexibility allows individuals to reversibly modify trait values and theory predicts an individual’s relative degree of flexibility positively correlates with the environmental heterogeneity it experiences. We test this prediction by integrating surveys of population genetic and physiological variation with thermal acclimation experiments and indices of environmental heterogeneity in the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) and its congeners. We combine field measures of thermogenic capacity for 335 individuals, 22,006 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 181 individuals, and laboratory acclimations replicated on five populations. We show that Junco populations: (1) differ in their thermogenic responses to temperature variation in the field; (2) harbor allelic variation that also correlates with temperature heterogeneity; and (3) exhibit intra-specific variation in thermogenic flexibility in the laboratory that correlates with the heterogeneity of their native thermal environment. These results provide comprehensive support that phenotypic flexibility corresponds with environmental heterogeneity and highlight its importance for coping with environmental change. Theory predicts that organisms in varied environments should evolve to be more phenotypically flexible. Evidence combining genetic and physiological variation with thermal acclimation experiments shows that the thermogenic flexibility of wild juncos is greatest in populations where temperatures are most variable.
Uncovering (w)hiteness: Developing a Critically-Informed Exercise for Higher Education Professionals

The primary goal of this chapter is to propose a training for Higher Education and Student Affairs Practitioners that applies five concepts of Critical (w)hiteness Studies (CWS) to reveal how whiteness is embedded in structures, practices, and understandings in higher education. With the incorporation of interviews with white educators and professionals who work with indigenous and minoritized communities, we strive to make visible the systems and structures that educators navigate and enable that promote the hegemonic forces of whiteness. Recognizing the primary goal of CWS is to reveal systems that perpetuate whiteness (Applebaum, 2016), we seek to illustrate whiteness and offer an approach to assist educators in making these invisible assumptions, systems, and practices—visible. Recognizing the bounds of this chapter and our privileged perspectives, we connect readers to the existing work of BIPOC educators and scholars to guide readers toward the necessity of taking informed action to problematize and disrupt systems and practices rooted in whiteness in higher education.
Exploratory analysis of fMRI data by fuzzy clustering: philosophy, strategy, tactics, implementation

The purpose of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is to investigate and discover salient and novel features of complex, high-dimensional data. We describe a particular realization of EDA, the three-stage strategy EROICA (Exploring Regions Of Interest with Cluster Analysis), specifically designed to analyze functional MR neuroimaging data. The first stage consists of an Initial Partition of the data into three groups: a group of "trend" time-courses (TCs), a group of "potentially interesting" TCs, and a group that contains the remaining, putative "noise" TCs. The initial grouping is achieved by first normalizing (scaling) the TCs, followed by selection procedures based on specific "trend" and "noise" tests. The second stage is the Principal Partition, where fuzzy clustering analysis (FCA) is applied to the group of "potentially interesting" TCs. The third stage, Significance Testing, "validates" the second-stage results by first removing those TCs from the original clusters that fail special statistical tests. and then by attempting to allocate to the clusters some of the initially excluded "trend" and "noise" TCs. We assessed the consequences of this three-stage strategy on the quality of the clustering results. We show that employing this strategy both improves results relative to clustering that did not use the initial partitioning, and also speeds up execution significantly. We report detailed analyses on several phantom datasets and on a multi-slice, real fMRI dataset. Based on detailed studies carried out on sixteen fMRI datasets, the execution time of EROICA scales sublinearly both with T (scans) and N (number of TCs). We propose robustness (noise resistance, reproducibility) flexibility/versatility, and speed as the three major requirements that any practically viable EDA method ought to satisfy. We show that the EROICA process, and EvIdent®, its software implementation, fulfill these requirements.
Pemphigus; report of a case.

Abstract A case of pemphigus in a 70-year-old man has been reported. This report shows the necessity for cooperation between the medicine, dermatology, and dental departments in a case of this type. It should be noted that there was approximately a six-month interval between the appearance of the oral and skin lesions, making diagnosis more difficult. In any chronic vesiculoerosive stomatitis refractory to treatment, pemphigus must remain a possibility until a diagnosis has been made.
Examining the Effects of Conformal Terrain Features in Advanced Head-Up Displays on Flight Performance and Pilot Situation Awareness

Synthetic vision systems SVS render terrain features for pilots through cockpit displays using a GPS database and three-dimensional graphical models. Enhanced vision systems EVS present infrared imagery of terrain using a forward-looking sensor in the nose of an aircraft. The ultimate goal of SVS and EVS technologies is to support pilots in achieving safety under low-visibility and night conditions comparable to clear, day conditions. This study assessed pilot performance and situation awareness SA effects of SVS and EVS imagery in an advanced head-up display HUD during a simulated landing approach under instrument meteorological conditions. Videos of the landing with various HUD configurations were presented to eight pilots with a superimposed tracking task. The independent variables included four HUD feature configurations baseline [no terrain imagery], SVS, EVS, and a combination of SVS and EVS, two visibility conditions, and four legs of the flight. Results indicated that SVS increased overall SA but degraded flight path control performance because of visual confusion with other display features. EVS increased flight path control accuracy but decreased system aircraft awareness because of visual distractions. The combination of SVS and EVS generated offsetting effects. Display configurations did not affect pilot spatial awareness. Flight performance was not different among phases of the approach, but levels and types of pilot SA did vary from leg to leg. These results are applicable to development of adaptive HUD features to support pilot performance. They support the use of multidimensional measures of SA for insight on pilot information processing with advanced aviation displays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sue, Derald Wing

Derald Wing Sue is a psychologist and researcher best known for his work in the field of multicultural counseling and psychotherapy. He is considered one of the leading psychologists in multicultural theory and practice. He is professor of psychology and education in the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College and the School of Social Work, Columbia University in New York, USA. Keywords: multiculturalism; counseling psychology; psychotherapies; cultural competence
Murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced via xenogeneic erythrocyte immunixation: IV. Immunosuppression of the response

Abstract The immunization of mice with rat erythrocytes has been demonstrated to induce a direct antiglobulin-positive hemolytic anemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of passive antibody and/or lymphoid subpopulation cell transfer on this induced autoimmune response. The passive transfer of IgG mouse antirat erythrocyte antibody was extremely effective in protecting against induction of antimouse red cell autoantibodies, whereas IgM mouse anti-rat erythrocyte antibody was ineffective. In contrast, transfer of spleen cells, singly primed with rat red blood cell (Rrbc), to syngeneic recipients enhanced development of a direct antiglobulin-positive hemolytic anemia. However, transfer of hyperimmunized spleen cells suppressed the response. Although Rrbc-specific suppressor T cells appeared to play a role in this suppression, anti-Rrbc antibody appears to be the major mediator of the inhibition. Indeed, the suppressive capacity of donor cells, in all transfer experiments, was proportional to the transfer of inhibitory anti-Rrbc antibody and related to the kinetics of autoantibody formation.
Borna disease virus infection of adult and neonatal rats: models for neuropsychiatric disease.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a newly classified RNA virus (Briese et al. 1994; Cubitt et al. 1994; Schneemann et al. 1995), worldwide in distribution, that infects the central nervous system (CNS) of warm-blooded animals to cause behavioral disturbances reminiscent of autism, schizophrenia, and mood disorders (Lipkin et al. 1995). It is not lytic in vitro or in vivo, replicates at lower levels than most known viruses and is dissimilar in nucleic acid and protein sequence to other infectious agents (de la Torre 1994; Schneemann et al. 1995). Thus, BDV eluded characterization until its nucleic acids were cloned by subtractive hybridization (Lipkin et al. 1990; VandeWoude et al. 1990). The molecular biology of BDV is unusual in many respects, including a nuclear localization for replication and transcription, overlap of open reading frames (ORFs) and transcription units, post-transcriptional modification of subgenomic RNAs, and marked conservation of coding sequence across a wide variety of animal species and tissue culture systems. These features led to its recent recognition by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as the prototype of a new family, Bornaviridae, within the nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses (de la Torre 1994; Schneemann et al. 1995). Natural infection has been confirmed in horses, sheep, cattle, birds and cats. Primates can be infected experimentally (Stitz et al. 1980) and recent reports suggest an increased prevalence of BDV infection in mood disorders and schizophrenia (Amsterdam et al. 1985; Bode et al. 1988, 1992, 1993; Fu et al. 1993; Kishi et al. 1995; Waltrip II et al. 1995).
The Politics of Cultural Performance

The Politics of Cultural Performance. David Parkin. Lionel Caplan. and Humphrey Fisher. eds. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1996. 294 pp.
Unexpected extra-renal effects of loop diuretics in the preterm neonate.

The loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide are commonly used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Furosemide, due to its actions on the ubiquitous NKCC1 co-transporter and its promotion of prostanoid production and release, also has non-diuretic effects on vascular smooth muscle, airways, the ductus arteriosus, and theoretically the gastrointestinal tract. Loop diuretics also affect the central nervous system through the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Conclusion The loop diuretics have a variety of biological effects that are potentially harmful as well as beneficial. Care should be taken with the use of these agents since the range of their effects may be broader than the single action sought by the prescribing physician.
The scintillation properties of CeBr3−xClx single crystals

Abstract We present a study of mixed halide single crystal scintillators with the general formula CeBr 3− x Cl x , where 0≤ x ≤3. Single crystals with various bromine–chlorine ratios were grown by the Bridgman method, and their scintillation properties were investigated. Under X-ray irradiation, the peak emission ranged between 350 and 450 nm. The absolute light yield ranged between 44,000 and 60,000 photons/MeV under 137 Cs gamma-ray irradiation. The energy resolution at 662 keV was between 4.6% and 5.0%. The major scintillation decay time was less than 17 ns, and slightly increased with higher chlorine to bromide ratio. The X-ray diffraction indicated that the lattice constants decreased with higher chlorine content. A moisture absorption study showed that higher chlorine content can greatly decrease the hygroscopicity.
The recessed-gate IGBT structure

A recessed gate (RG) structure is presented for the IGBT and its characteristics are compared with DMOS and UMOS-IGBT for the first time. For the fabrication of the RG structure, it is not necessary to perform the difficult polysilicon planarization step required for the UMOS-IGBT. The breakdown voltage of the RG-IGBT is close to that of the DMOS-IGBT, even though it has a trench structure. The RG-IGBT has a lower on-state voltage drop when compared with the DMOS-IGBT because there is no JFET resistance. The parasitic thyristor latch-up current density of the RG-IGBT is higher than that of the DMOS-IGBT. In addition, the RG-IGBT has a wide forward bias SOA (FBSOA). The saturation current density of the RG-IGBT is lower than that of the UMOS-IGBT, leading to a superior short circuit SOA (SC-SOA).
A biological model for the regulation of peri-implantational hemostasis and menstruation.

Objective To delineate the physiologic mechanisms whereby the human endometrium maintains hemostasis during endovascular trophoblast invasion but permits menstrual hemorrhage. Methods Experimental results are presented that are relevant to developing a comprehensive biological model for studying peri-implantational hemostasis and menstruation. Results A marked increase in the expression of tissue factor (TF) and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and an inhibition of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA, respectively), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression accompany progestin-induced decidualization of estrogen-primed endometrial stromal cells both in vivo and in vitro. The presence of these important regulators of hemostasis, fibrinolysis, extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and vascular tone in decidualized human stromal cells and decidual cells isolated from gestational endometrium suggests a mechanism to explain the absence of hemorrhage during invasion of the endometrial vasculature by trophoblasts. Conversely, progesterone withdrawal reduces TF and PAI-1 expression and increases tPA, uPA, MMP, and ET-1 expression accounting for the hemorrhage, enhanced fibrinolysis, ECM degradation, and ischemic spiral arterial vascular injury characterizing menstruation. Conclusion Perivascular decidualized endometrial stromal cells are spatially and temporally positioned to promote endometrial hemostasis during implantation but, paradoxically, promote the hemorrhage of menstruation via their hormone-regulated expression of hemostatic, proteolytic, and vasoactive proteins.
Cleavage of pyrimidine dimers in specific DNA sequences by a pyrimidine dimer DNA-glycosylase of M. luteus

Pyrimidine dimer formation in response to UV radiation is governed by the thymine content of the potential dimer and the two flanking nucleotides. An enzymatic activity can be purified from Micrococcus luteus that cleaves the N-glycosyl bond between the 5′ pyrimidine of a dimer and the corresponding sugar without rupture of a phosphodiester bond. We propose that strand scission at a dimer site by the M. luteus enzyme requires two activities, a pyrimidine dimer DNA-glycosylase and an apyrimidinic/apurinic endonuclease.
Gonadotropin-Mediated Desensitization in a Murine Leydig Tumor Cell Line Does Not Alter the Regulatory and Catalytic Components of Adenylate Cyclase

MLTC-1 cells, derived from a murine Leydig tumor, contain a gonadotropin-responsive adenylate cyclase that became desensitized to hCG. Prior exposure to hCG reduced the ability of MLTC-1 cells to accumulate cAMP by approximately 50%, but caused only a small reduction in hCG receptor number. Membranes isolated from desensitized cells showed a similar reduction in hCG-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Desensitization was time, temperature, and dose dependent. Elevating intracellular cAMP levels by incubating the cells with (Bu)2cAMP or cholera toxin failed to cause desensitization. Desensitization did not depend on protein synthesis. Desensitization caused no change in the dose response of adenylate cyclase to hCG or GTP. hCG receptor affinity for hCG was not affected by desensitization or guanine nucleotides. The stimulatory regulatory component of adenylate cyclase (N8) from MLTC-1 cells was used to reconstitute S49 cyc− membranes, which lack N8. N8 from control and desensitized MLTC-1 cells were equ...
Determination of some energy levels in light and medium weight nuclei with a precision gamma ray scintillation spectrometer

A stabilized scintillation spectrometer was used to measure the energy of gamma rays emitted from the following reactor-neutron-produced radioactive sources: /sup 28/Al, /sup 38/Cl, /sup 42/K, /sup 124/Sb, /sup 65/Ni, /sup 66/Cu, / sup 88/Rb and /sup 52/V The ene rgy determinations were made with an accuracy of the order of 1 kev, an improvement of an order of magnitude in several cases. (auth)