cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near misses: Nurses' experiences with medication errors, power distance and error recover

Background: Medication errors continue to be a major problem in health care settings in the United States. Research investigating factors contributing to medication errors continues in an attempt to reduce the incidence and save lives. Although electronic medical records and electronic prescribing technology have been reported to reduce the incidence, errors are continuing, some with significant impact on patient safety. A near miss is an incident that could potentially cause harm, was identified early and a mistake prevented. Little is known about near misses including the identification, intervention, prevention, and recovery. Nurses’ perceptions, what led up to the incident, and how they went about correcting these incidents (recovery) provides insight to understanding what near misses are, where they take place, and how. Poor communication is directly linked to medication errors and near misses. In nursing, one communication variable that relates to errors and near misses concerns the concept of Power Distance and how it affects communication between nurses, colleagues and families. Power distance is based on a perception of inequality existing between individuals. This perception of power inequality may contribute to errors associated with communication such as near misses, actual errors, poor adherence to treatment and poor compliance with medications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate nurse’s experiences of errors, recovery processes, the concept of Power Distance and poor communication that have led to near-miss incidents. Methods: An on-line survey, developed for this mixed-methodological study, was completed by a total of 110 participants. Results: Analysis of the descriptive data demonstrated three general themes of types of near misses experiences: wrong medication to wrong patients; error caught just before reaching patient; and recognition of error, correction made before implementation. Thematic analysis disclosed six themes related to actual examples of near misses: patient identified the near miss; medication was already administered by another nurse; a systems error occurred with the computerized dispending unit; the five rights were breeched; timing of administration was incorrect; and the wrong medication was dispensed directly from the pharmacy. Three themes emerged concerning miscommunication and near misses: between healthcare team members; between shifts; and pharmacy verifying and approving wrong med/wrong dose. Power distance was only minimally found to be of concern to the participants in relation to near misses. Conclusions: Nurses’ experiences with near misses, recovery and Power Distance illuminate the need to further investigate what recovery behaviors and prevention practices are taking place. Further knowledge in this area may improve communication, reduce errors and ultimately increase patient safety.
Glucagon in physiological concentrations stimulates brown fat thermogenesis in vivo

Our aims were to further characterize the stimulatory effect of glucagon on brown fat and to test the hypothesis that physiological levels of hyperglucagonemia would stimulate brown fat thermogenesis. In the first set of experiments, glucagon (1 mg/kg sc twice daily) or vehicle control was administered three times in 26 h. This large dose of glucagon produced increases in GDP binding to brown fat mitochondria. In addition, Scatchard analysis indicated a glucagon-induced increase in number of GDP binding sites without evidence for alteration in binding site affinity. No consistent increase in brown fat mitochondrial GDP binding was produced 2 h after a single injection of glucagon (1 mg/kg). In the second set of experiments, glucagon was administered intraperitoneally by constant osmotic minipump infusion. Glucagon in a dose of 150 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 for 5 days produced significant increases in GDP binding to brown fat mitochondria, whereas glucagon serum levels were increased but stayed within the usual physiological range. A larger dose of glucagon administered by constant infusion virtually eliminated body weight gain over 7 days while significantly increasing nucleotide binding (GDP) to brown fat mitochondria. An important role for glucagon in thermogenic regulation is suggested.
BODE index: a new tool to stage and monitor progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Praca wplynela do Redakcji: 28.01.2009 r. Copyright © 2009 Via Medica ISSN 0867–7077 Claudia G. Cote, Bartolome R. Celli Associate Professor of Medicine, University of South Florida, Medical Director, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, Bay Pines Veterans Administration Health Care System, Bay Pines. Floryda, Stany Zjednoczone Professor of Medicine, Tuft University Medical School and Chief Pulmonary and Critical Care, Caritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston. Massachusetts, Stany Zjednoczone
On behalf of the public: the reports of Ruth Leger Sivard

First at the Arms Control Disarmament Agency and then on her own, Ruth Leger Sivard documents the allocation of world resources to military purposes and analyzes the Impact upon social and economic growth.
An Analysis of Aureobasidium Pullulans Developmental Stages by Means of Scanning Electron Microscopy

Blastospores of Aureobasidium pullulans germinate within 4 h postinoculation on malt extract medium. Small amounts of mucilaginous material are present on the cell surface at this time. By 10 h pos...
The thermodynamics of melts in the system VO 2 -V 2 O 5

Using a gravimetric technique, the oxygen isobars in the liquid phase field of the system VO2−V2O5 have been determined in the temperature range 1020° to 1100°C and in the oxygen pressure range 0.01 to 0.4 atm, and the VO2 liquidus and solidus curves have been determined in the temperature range 953° to 1081°C. From these results have been calculated the activities of the components VO2 and VO2.5 in the system and the standard free energy change for the reaction 2VO2 (S)+1/2O2 (g)=V2O5 (1). The latter was determined to be ΔG o=−17780+7.64T in the temperature range 1020° to 1100°C.
Forces Exerted On The Dentition By The Perioral And Lingual Musculature During Swallowing

Abstract No Abstract Available. *This investigation was supported by a research grant from the Division of Research Grants and Fellowships of the National Institutes of Health, United States Public...
Effects of Oxidative Stress and Testosterone on Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in a Female Rat Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Line

Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These pathological markers can contribute to the loss of dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Interestingly, men have a 2-fold increased incidence for Parkinson's disease than women. Although the mechanisms underlying this sex difference remain elusive, we propose that the primary male sex hormone, testosterone, is involved. Our previous studies show that testosterone, through a putative membrane androgen receptor, can increase oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity in dopamine neurons. Based on these results, this study examines the role of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and apoptosis in the deleterious effects of androgens in an oxidative stress environment. We hypothesize, under oxidative stress environment, testosterone via a putative membrane androgen receptor will exacerbate oxidative stress-induced NF-κB/COX2 signaling in N27 dopaminergic neurons, leading to apoptosis. Our data show that testosterone increased the expression of COX2 and apoptosis in dopamine neurons. Inhibiting the NF-κB and COX2 pathway with CAPE and ibuprofen, respectively, blocked testosterone's negative effects on cell viability, indicating that NF-κB/COX2 cascade plays a role in the negative interaction between testosterone and oxidative stress on neuroinflammation. These data further support the role of testosterone mediating the loss of dopamine neurons under oxidative stress conditions, which may be a key mechanism contributing to the increased incidence of Parkinson's disease in men compared with women.
Effects of Pent-4-Enoic Acid on Renal Free Water, Bicarbonate and Phosphate Excretion in the Dog

1. The effects of pent-4-enoic acid, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, were studied in dogs undergoing water diuresis and acetazolamide diuresis. Free water excretion and distal solute delivery were increased when infusion of pent-4-enoic acid was superimposed on an increasing mannitol diuresis. 2. Bicarbonate excretion increased significantly when infusion of pent-4-enoic acid was superimposed on maximum acetazolamide diuresis. 3. Phosphate excretion exceeded 90% of filtered load when pent-4-enoic acid was administered under stable free water conditions and increased significantly when pent-4-enoic acid was superimposed on stable acetazolamide diuresis. 4. The results are interpreted as indicating inhibition of proximal tubular reabsorption by pent-4-enoic acid, emphasizing the importance of fatty acids as a major fuel for proximal tubular metabolism.
On Relativistic Space Charge Limited Current in Planar, Cylindrical, and Spherical Diodes

This paper revisits the relativistic limiting current in planar, cylindrical, and spherical diodes, with alternative analytic and numerical treatments which are easy to implement. Convenient, approximate expressions for the limited current are presented for gap voltages up to 10 MV. They are accurate to within 1% for planar diode, and to within 4% for both cylindrical and spherical diode in the range 10−5<rc/ra<500, where ra and rc are, respectively, the anode and cathode radius.
Development of a rapid response plan for intraoperative emergencies: the Circulate, Scrub, and Technical Assistance Team

Abstract Background Unplanned intraoperative events are inevitable and cause stress and inefficiency among staff. We believe that developing a technical rapid response team with explicitly defined, narrow roles would reduce the amount of chaos during such emergencies. This article provides a detailed description of the development and implementation of such a program. Methods In-situ simulation of an intraoperative emergency was used for a formal assessment of the current practice. Debriefing sessions identified areas of improvement and solicited solutions. A multidisciplinary working group then developed and implemented the technical rapid response team based on the needs assessment. The program was designed to create a Circulating, Scrubbing, and Technical Assistance Team that helps with equipment, supplies, anesthesia, and communication. Results We anticipate the program will foster a culture of safety, and promote positive relationships and attitudes of the entire multidisciplinary team. Conclusions In the future, research regarding patient outcomes and staff satisfaction and safety attitudes may help provide objective evidence of the benefits of the program.
Using a Financial Health Model to Provide Context for Financial Literacy Education Research: A Commentary.

1Department of Personal Financial Planning, Texas Tech University,1301 Akron Street—MS 1210, Lubbock, TX 79409-1210, 806-834-8395, sandra.huston@ttu.edu In the article, “Enhancing links between research and practice to improve consumer financial education and wellbeing” Billy J. Hensley, Director of Education at National Endowment for Financial Education® (NEFE®), outlines his perspective on the current relation between financial education and financial outcome (downstream financial behavior) by drawing on a recent study by Fernandes, Lynch & Netemeyer (2014). Evidence from this meta-analysis study indicates that financial education has little to no impact on financial outcome and the three main conclusions Hensley highlights from the Fernandes et al. (2014) study relate to education timing and decay, weak linkage between education and behavior, and the need for improvement both in terms of education programs and research design.
Anisotropic cubic curvature couplings

To complement recent work on tests of spacetime symmetry in gravity, cubic curvature couplings are studied using an effective field theory description of spacetime-symmetry breaking. The associated mass-dimension-eight coefficients for Lorentz violation studied do not result in any linearized gravity modifications and instead are revealed in the first nonlinear terms in an expansion of spacetime around a flat background. We consider effects on gravitational radiation through the energy loss of a binary system and we study two-body orbital perturbations using the post-Newtonian metric. Some effects depend on the internal structure of the source and test bodies, thereby breaking the weak equivalence principle for self-gravitating bodies. These coefficients can be measured in Solar-System tests, while binary-pulsar systems and short-range gravity tests are particularly sensitive.
Dental and Skeletal Applications of Silica-Based Nanomaterials

The unique combination of semistructured extracellular matrix, biomechanical properties, and active remodeling makes dentin and bone unique tissues, particularly suited to nanomaterials. Silica has long been used for dental applications because of its physical and optical properties as well as compatibility in composites; however, the emergence of nanotechnology has provided new opportunities to package and deliver certain elements at the nanoscale, with the intent of enhancing biological effects or properties. Recent studies have suggested that engineered silica nanoparticles possess beneficial properties that endow them with enhanced physical and mechanical properties for dental applications as well as therapeutic properties for bone. In this chapter, we will discuss the specific physicochemical properties of silica-based nanomaterials including synthesis methods, size, shape, surface properties, and biocompatibility in the context of both mechanical properties and potential biological applications to living cells relevant to both dentition and the skeleton.
Synovial Joint: In Situ Regeneration of Osteochondral and Fibrocartilaginous Tissues by Homing of Endogenous Cells

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) involves a structural breakdown of cartilage and bone and is a leading chronic disability worldwide, affecting about 80 million individuals in the USA alone. To overcome the limitations of the arthritic joint replacement, tissue engineering strategies involving cell delivery have been tested to regenerate articular cartilage and knee meniscus, the major components of synovial joints. Despite a few promising outcomes, cell delivery has encountered crucial barriers in therapeutic translation, including immune rejection, pathogen transmission, potential tumorigenesis, and regulatory difficulties. Accordingly, a new strategy has recently emerged for synovial joint regeneration by endogenous cell homing instead of cell delivery. In this chapter, we review the current status of development of cell homing-based therapies for regenerating articular cartilage and knee meniscus, and the key obstacles and perspectives are discussed.
Transition metal catalysis for non-directed C-H functionalization

C is one of the most powerful tools of green chemistry, enabling reactions with lower energy consumption and providing new pathways for bond formation. Catalytic C-H functionalizations, in particular, are powerful methodologies for installing functional groups in previously non-functionalized positions of a molecule and the use of catalyst directing groups has enabled a wide variety of exciting bond formations with remarkable selectivities and broad applicability. One of the greatest current challenges in this research area is how to catalyze analogous C-H functionalization reactivity without the presence of catalyst directing groups. Such transformations often suffer from the lack of a strong catalyst pre-coordination, which can lead to lower reactivities. The research described in this presentation will showcase basic principles of catalyst and methodology design to achieve non-directed C-H functionalizations and provide insights into reactivity and selectivity-determining factors for the C-H aminations of arenes and the alpha-C H oxidation of tertiary amines.
Are magnetic resonance imaging undetectable prostate tumours clinically significant? Results of histopathological analyses.

Abstract Objective To investigate whether tumours at threshold values for detection on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent clinically significant tumours or not, and therefore the utility of MRI in active surveillance (AS) protocols. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of a single institution database was performed after Institutional Review Board approval. Between 2010 and 2013, 1633 patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at a single institution by a single surgeon. Of these, 1361 had complete clinical data and were included in analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess histopathological grade compared to tumour size whilst controlling for biopsy Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level, body mass index, race, and age. Results Of 120 tumours 3 + 4) at RALP compared to larger tumours (3.3% vs 25.1%, P P P Conclusions Prostate tumours below the detection threshold for MRI (5 mm) most probably represent clinically insignificant tumours, which alone would not necessitate leaving AS in favour of more aggressive therapy. These findings point to a possible role of MRI in modern AS protocols.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Cancer Therapeutics

Novel anticancer therapeutics have transformed subsets of human cancers from fatal illnesses to chronic diseases. As more individuals survive cancer, cardiovascular disease begins to represent a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and cancer survivors. Complications seen with novel treatment regimens can include cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, and hypertension. Recent findings suggest that cardiotoxicity of novel anticancer agents may be due to “on-target” drug effects, suggesting an overlap between the signaling pathways that drive cancer growth and progression and the signaling pathways that are critical for maintenance of normal cardiovascular function or cardiac function under conditions of physiologic stress. The cardiotoxic effects of anticancer drugs warrant further careful evaluation in regard to various targets in both the clinical and preclinical settings. A more comprehensive understanding of the long-term side effects anticancer agents on the cardiovascular system may provide clues about proper management of heart disease in cancer patients on this therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the cardiovascular effects of anticancer agents used in the treatment of various cancers.
Mechanics and regulation of cytokinesis in budding yeast

Cytokinesis is essential for the survival of all organisms. It requires concerted functions of cell signaling, force production, exocytosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Due to the conservation in core components and mechanisms between fungal and animal cells, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as an attractive model for studying this fundamental process. In this review, we discuss the mechanics and regulation of distinct events of cytokinesis in budding yeast, including the assembly, constriction, and disassembly of the actomyosin ring, septum formation, abscission, and their spatiotemporal coordination. We also highlight the key concepts and questions that are common to animal and fungal cytokinesis.
Association of Delayed Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Survival After Lung Cancer Surgery.

Importance Adjuvant chemotherapy offers a survival benefit to a number of staging scenarios in non–small-cell lung cancer. Variable recovery from lung cancer surgery may delay a patient’s ability to tolerate adjuvant chemotherapy, yet the urgency of chemotherapy initiation is unclear. Objective To assess differences in survival according to the time interval between non–small-cell lung cancer resection and the initiation of postoperative chemotherapy to determine the association between adjuvant treatment timing and efficacy. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective observational study examined treatment-naive patients with completely resected non–small-cell lung cancer who received postoperative multiagent chemotherapy between 18 and 127 days after resection between January 2004 and December 2012. The study population was limited to patients with lymph node metastases, tumors 4 cm or larger, or local extension. Patients were identified from the National Cancer Database, a hospital-based tumor registry that captures more than 70% of incident lung cancer cases in the United States. The association between time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival was evaluated using Cox models with restricted cubic splines. Exposures Adjuvant chemotherapy administered at different time points after surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy according to time to initiation after surgery. Results A total of 12 473 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 64 [57-70] years) were identified: 3073 patients (25%) with stage I disease; 5981 patients (48%), stage II; and 3419 patients (27%), stage III. A Cox model with restricted cubic splines identified the lowest mortality risk when chemotherapy was started 50 days postoperatively (95% CI, 39-56 days). Initiation of chemotherapy after this interval (57-127 days; ie, the later cohort) did not increase mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.037; 95% CI, 0.972-1.105; P = .27). Furthermore, in a Cox model of 3976 propensity-matched pairs, patients who received chemotherapy during the later interval had a lower mortality risk than those treated with surgery only (HR, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.623-0.707; P Conclusions and Relevance In the National Cancer Database, adjuvant chemotherapy remained efficacious when started 7 to 18 weeks after non–small-cell lung cancer resection. Patients who recover slowly from non–small-cell lung cancer surgery may still benefit from delayed adjuvant chemotherapy started up to 4 months after surgery.
Bidirectional associations between chronic medical conditions, disability, and depressive symptoms over 25 years: Black- White differences

Background and aims: Blacks have a higher rate of chronic medical conditions (CMC), disability, and depressive symptoms compared to Whites. The present study compared Blacks and Whites for bidirectional associations between CMC, disability, and depressive symptoms over a 25-year period. Methods: Data came from all five waves (1986, 1989, 1994, 2001, and 2011) of the Americans’ Changing Lives Study (ACL). This study followed 3,497 Whites and Blacks for up to 25 years. Number of CMC, disability, and depressive symptoms Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) were measured at all waves. Multi-group crossed lag modeling was used to test four models, where race defined the groups. Results: Based on Models 1 and Model 2, cross-sectional associations between CMC and depressive symptoms at 1989, 2001, and 2011 were significant among Whites but not Blacks. Based on Model 3, lagged effect of CMC in 2001 on depressive symptoms in 2011 was only significant for Whites. Based on Model 4, cross-sectional associations between disability and depressive symptoms in 1989 were found among Whites but not Blacks. Conclusion: Compared to Whites, Blacks show fewer cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between CMC, disability, and depressive symptoms over time. These findings are robust, regardless of whether we conceptualize disability or depressive symptoms as the outcome.
Further evidence for the relationship between eating frequency, body mass index, and physical activity

OF THE THESIS FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EATING FREQUENCY, BODY MASS INDEX, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY by Mona Jahjah Ashchi Florida International University, 2000 Miami, Florida Professor Victoria Hammer Castellanos, Major Professor The relationship between the frequency of eating, physical activity and Body Mass Index (BMI) was investigated. Seventy five women, aged 24 to 55, were recruited from Florida International University. Via interview, subjects provided information regarding demographics and habitual eating frequency over 24-hours, and completed both the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity and the Health Insurance Plan of New York Questionnaire on Physical Activity. Pearson correlations and partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between eating frequency, physical activity, age, and BMI. Results revealed significant positive correlations between eating frequency and total physical activity scores, and leisure time physical activity scores, but not between eating frequency and physical activity on the job. Partial correlations suggest that there may be an effect of eating frequency on BMI both through an effect on physical activity and through another mechanism. These results suggest that more frequent eaters tend to be more physically active, which may partially explain why lower body weights is associated with more frequent eating.
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Presenting as a Medical Examiner Case

Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite, with infection rates ranging from 16–40% of the United States population to up to 80% in some Central and South American and European countries. Clinically s...
Distributed virtual leader tracking of multi-agent systems with second order agent dynamics under a state dependent jointly connected topology

We revisit the problem of virtual leader tracking by a group of agents of second order dynamics when only a portion of the agents are informed of the information of the virtual leader. By proposing a simpler controller structure, we obtain results on coordinated consensus tracking control under a state dependent jointly connected topology. Such a network connectivity condition is weaker than the assumption that the interaction topology is connected all the time, which is an assumption made in most existing literature on this type of problems.
A Second-Generation Aerosol Shock Tube and Its Use in Studying Ignition Delay Times of Large Biodiesel Surrogates

Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel composed of large fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and is derived from plant oils and animal fats. Its combustion is associated with significant decreases in pollutant emissions such as hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide relative to fossil diesel [1]. However, combustion of methyl esters in diesel engines has yielded several troublesome problems, including changes in ignition timing and significant increases in nitrogen oxide emissions [2]. These problems can be overcome by developing and applying detailed chemical kinetic models to the design of diesel engines and fuel blends [3, 4]. Chemical kinetic models are based on experimental combustion data, such as those gathered in jet-stirred reactors, rapid compression machines, flow reactors, laminar flame burners, and shock tube experiments.
Innovative Technology Using Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Pain: Does It Reduce Pain via Distraction, or Is There More to It?

Objective Virtual reality (VR) is an exciting new technology with almost endless possible uses in medicine. One area it has shown promise is pain management. This selective review focused on studies that gave evidence to the distraction or nondistraction mechanisms by which VR leads to the treatment of pain. Methods The review looked at articles from 2000 to July 29, 2016, focusing on studies concerning mechanisms by which virtual reality can augment pain relief. The data was collected through a search of MEDLINE and Web of Science using the key words of "virtual reality" and "pain" or "distraction." Results Six studies were identified: four small randomized controlled studies and two prospective/pilot studies. The search results provided evidence that distraction is a technique by which VR can have benefits in the treatment of pain. Both adult and pediatric populations were included in these studies. In addition to acute pain, several studies looked at chronic pain states such as headaches or fibromyalgia. These studies also combined VR with other treatment modalities such as biofeedback mechanisms and cognitive behavioral therapy. Conclusions These results demonstrate that in addition to distraction, there are novel mechanisms for VR treatment in pain, such as producing neurophysiologic changes related to conditioning and exposure therapies. If these new mechanisms can lead to new treatment options for patients with chronic pain, VR may have the ability to help reduce opioid use and misuse among chronic pain patients. More studies are needed to reproduce results from prospective/pilot studies in large randomized control studies.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sera from children 3 to 11 years of age participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014

Several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been measured in U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants 12 years of age and older since 1999-2000, but PFAS data using NHANES individual samples among children younger than 12 years do not exist. To obtain the first nationally representative PFAS exposure data in U.S. children, we quantified serum concentrations of 14 PFAS including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), in a nationally representative subsample of 639 3-11year old participants in NHANES 2013-2014. We used on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limits of detection were 0.1ng/mL for all analytes. We calculated geometric mean concentrations, determined weighted Pearson correlations, and used linear regression to evaluate associations of sex, age (3-5 vs 6-11 years), race/ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic), household income, and body mass index with concentrations of PFAS detected in more than 60% of participants. We detected PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA in all children at concentrations similar to those of NHANES 2013-2014 adolescents and adults, suggesting prevalent exposure to these PFAS or their precursors among U.S. 3-11year old children, most of whom were born after the phase out of PFOS in the United States in 2002. PFAS concentration differences by sex, race/ethnicity, and age suggest lifestyle differences that may impact exposure, and highlight the importance of identifying exposure sources and of studying the environmental fate and transport of PFAS.
Faculty and student perspectives of and experiences with TPACK in PETE

Physical education teacher education (PETE) students are required to use technology to enhance planning and implementation, instructional delivery and management, and professional responsibility (S...
Readability, suitability, and writing for clients with limited literacy skills:

SummaryThis study evaluated 56 documents developed by 11 nonprofit and public social service agencies to provide information to clients. The author used the Flesch Reading Ease, Simple Measure of G...
Introduction to Belief Functions

This chapter introduces a theoretical perspective that may be used in business research and practice when confronting decision tasks that involve uncertainly. The main body of the chapter is an introduction to Belief Functions. The introduction includes a discussion of the fundamental constructs and then illustrates the use of belief functions in a business (audit) setting.
Hip morphology predicts posterior hip impingement in a cadaveric model.

Introduction:Posterior hip impingement is a recently-identified cause of hip pain. The purpose of this study is to characterise posterior femoroacetabular and ischiofemoral impingement and identify...
Strategies for Developing Policies and Requirements for Secure and Private Electronic Commerce

While the Internet is dramatically changing the way business is conducted, security and privacy issues are of deeper concern than ever before. A primary fault in evolutionary electronic commerce systems is the failure to adequately address security and privacy issues; therefore, security and privacy policies are either developed as an afterthought to the system or not at all. One reason for this failure is the difficulty in applying traditional software requirements engineering techniques to systems in which policy is continually changing due to the need to respond to the rapid introduction of new technologies which compromise those policies. Security and privacy should be major concerns from the onset, but practitioners need new systematic mechanisms for determining and assessing security and privacy. To provide this support, we employ scenario management and goal-driven analysis strategies to facilitate the design and evolution of electronic commerce systems. Risk and impact assessment is critical for ensuring that system requirements are aligned with an enterprise—s security policy and privacy policy. Consequently, we tailor our goal-based approach by including a compliance activity to ensure that all policies are reflected in the actual system requirements. Our integrated strategy thus focuses on the initial specification of security policy and privacy policy and their operationalization into system requirements. The ultimate goal of our work is to demonstrate viable solutions for supporting the early stages of the software lifecycle, specifically addressing the need for novel approaches to ensure security and privacy requirements coverage.
Humans, Transhumans and Humanoids

This chapter introduces the reader to the field of transhumanism and some of the most important philosophers contributing to this recent movement. Related philosophical issues such as moral standing and personhood theory are presented. The possibilities of genetic engineering as a means to fundamentally alter the nature of humankind are discussed, along with the concepts of animal-human hybrids, computer-human hybrids, and fully artificial beings. These ideas are presented to support the premise that there is no unique and unalterable biological form that constitutes humanity, and that our concept of what it means to be human will be forced to evolve in the face of new biotechnologies such as genetic engineering, molecular biology, and nanotechnology, all of which have the potential to alter our nature and character in ethically profound ways.
“My tongue, my own thing”: Reading Sanaaq

Mitiarjuk, who has been called the “accidental Inuit novelist” (Martin, 2014), began writing Sanaaq in the mid-1950s and was “discovered” in the late 1960s by a doctoral student of Claude Levi-Strauss. Bernard Saladin d’Anglure took up this text as his anthropology thesis topic, guided its completion, arranged for its 1984 publication in Inuktitut syllabics, and in 2002 published a French translation; his own former student, Peter Frost, has recently (2013) translated the French version into English. Without the training and tools that would equip an outsider to appreciate Inuit writing and the oral traditions from which it arises, and to judge it on its own merits, scholarly assessment by other than specialist anthropologists or ethnographers has often been felt to be beyond the reach of southerners. Nonetheless, a younger generation of literary scholars such as Keavy Martin, inspired by the work of J. Edward Chamberlin, Robert Allen Warrior and Craig Womack, are working to redress such attitudes. Bringing to bear for the first time the perspective of translation studies, this paper will suggest some ways we can move from ethnography’s purported aim of a systematic study of people and cultures to a rigorous and ethical study of these translated texts, reading them explicitly asliterature, as well as (and perhaps more importantly) asliterary translations.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical response to single agent rucaparib in a dialysis dependent patient with BRCA associated breast and recurrent ovarian cancer

A 56-year old woman with BRCA-associated breast cancer and recurrent ovarian cancer was treated with a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme (PARP) inhibitor, rucaparib, in the setting of dialysis-dependence which required dose modification. Rucaparib trough levels were obtained before and after dialysis and a clinically significant disease response was appreciated.
The Relationship Between Hemihamate Graft Size and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Flexion for Reconstruction of Fracture-Dislocations: A Biomechanical Study.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hemihamate graft size and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint flexion in a biomechanical fracture-dislocation model. Methods We simulated middle finger PIP fracture-dislocations in 5 cadaver hands by resecting 50% of the palmar articular surface of the middle phalanx (P2) base. Fluoroscopy was used to confirm dorsal subluxation of the middle phalanx base after resection. A 10-mm osteochondral hamate graft was contoured to reconstruct the volar lip of the middle phalanx and was progressively downsized by 2-mm increments for each trial. A computer-controlled articulator and jig simulated active flexion and extension of the fingers. Maximum PIP flexion was measured at each graft size using fluoroscopy and digital imaging software. Clinically significant flexion block was defined as PIP flexion less than 90°. Results The actual mean size of the volar defect created was 52% (3.5 mm) of the middle phalanx articular surface, which created instability and dorsal subluxation in all tested fingers. After hemihamate reconstruction, all specimens were stable throughout flexion and extension for all graft sizes. A flexion block of 90° occurred at a mean graft size of 191% of the defect (6.5 mm). With regard to the volar lip of the P2, grafts that projected an average 0.8 mm past the native volar lip position had 98° (range, 84°–107°) maximum PIP flexion. Grafts that projected an average of 3.1 mm past the native volar lip position had 90° (range, 69°–100°) maximum PIP flexion. Linear regression modeling incorporating all of the results predicted flexion block to occur at a graft size as small as 166% of the 50% volar P2 defect. In this model, for every 50% (1.7-mm) increase in graft size relative to the defect, PIP flexion decreased by approximately 6°. Conclusions Nonanatomical hemihamate grafts produce a PIP flexion block at extreme sizes, predicted to occur at greater than 166% of a 50% P2 base articular defect in our model. This suggests that relatively large grafts can be used for reconstruction of PIP fracture-dislocations without substantial biomechanical block to PIP flexion. We suggest sizing no larger than 3 mm past the native P2 volar lip position to avoid an important mechanical block to PIP flexion. Clinical relevance The information from this study helps surgeons understand how large a hemihamate graft can be used for P2 volar base reconstruction before having a negative impact on PIP flexion.
Finding the Ties that Bind: Coalition Building in Loosely Coupled Academic Libraries

Pressures are building for academic library leaders. Leaders face budget cuts, space re-purposing, staffing shortages, and expectations to meet evolving faculty and students’ research needs. Leaders must not only manage library operations, but also successfully guide and lead within a sea of unpredictable, evolving institutional forces and activities. Loosely coupled organizational theory provides library leaders insights and guidance as they organize and plan. Leaders must recognize, understand, and leverage the strengths of these systems. It is up to them to bring together appropriate coalitions to foster collaborations and cohesions not only among library staff members, but across disciplinary communities within academia. By finding and securing these ties that bind in loosely coupled libraries, leaders can successfully further goals and foster innovation.
Varicella zoster presenting as cranial polyneuropathy

Cranial polyneuropathy is commonly caused by Lyme disease. We discuss the case of a man who presented with cranial nerve deficits causing dysphagia, dysphonia and facial weakness. This diagnostic dilemma stemmed from a workup that ruled out Lyme and vascular causes leading to an expanded search for infectious explanations, which revealed varicella zoster in the cerebrospinal fluid. On review, this phenomenon is rarely reported, but has been observed with a number of herpes family viruses. In emergency department settings, clinical suspicion should be raised for VZV infection even in the absence of rash in patients that present with multiple cranial nerve palsies.
Asymptomatic vs symptomatic septal perforations: a computational fluid dynamics examination.

BACKGROUND A nasal septal perforation (NSP) can lead to frustrating symptoms for some patients while remaining completely asymptomatic for others, without a clear mechanism differentiating them. METHODS We applied individual computed tomography (CT)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the nasal aerodynamics differences between 5 asymptomatic and 15 symptomatic NSP patients. Patients' symptoms were confirmed through interviews, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score (asymptomatic, 25 ± 18.8; symptomatic, 53.7 ± 18.2), nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score (asymptomatic, 28.0 ± 32.1; symptomatic, 62.2 ± 32.2), and review of medical history. RESULTS No statistical differences were found in perforation location, size (asymptomatic, 1.94 ± 1.88 cm2 ; symptomatic, 1.36 ± 1.44 cm2 ), nasal resistance (asymptomatic, 0.059 ± 0.012 Pa·s/mL; symptomatic, 0.063 ± 0.022 Pa·s/mL), and computed flow rate shunting across the perforation (asymptomatic, 52.9 ± 30.9 mL/s; symptomatic, 27.4 ± 23.6 mL/s; p > 0.05). However, symptomatic patients had significantly higher wall shear stress (WSS) and heat flux, especially along the posterior perforation margin (WSS, 0.54 ± 0.12 vs 1.15 ± 0.49 Pa, p < 0.001; heat flux, 0.21 ± 0.05 vs 0.37 ± 0.14 W/cm2 , p < 0.01). A WSS cutoff at 0.72 Pa can separate asymptomatic vs symptomatic NSP with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Flow visualization showed flow peaks toward the posterior margin that may be responsible for the high WSS and heat flux among symptomatic NSPs. CONCLUSION This study is the first CFD examination of asymptomatic and symptomatic NSP with regional aerodynamics and stress abnormalities, beyond size or location, being implicated as the mechanism behind the symptomology of NSP. This finding could serve as an objective basis for future personalized treatment decisions and optimization.
Molecular and metabolic pathways mediating curative treatment of a non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma by Sindbis viral vectors and anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody

Limitations to current therapies for treating non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma include relapse, toxicity and high cost. Thus, there remains a need for novel therapies. Oncolytic viral (OV) therapy has become a promising cancer immunotherapy because of its potential effectiveness, specificity and long-lasting immunity. We describe and characterize a novel cancer immunotherapy combining Sindbis virus (SV) vectors and the agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the T cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1BB (CD137). A20 lymphoma was transfected with luciferase and tumor cells were inoculated to BALB/c mice. Tumor growth was monitored by IVIS imaging. Tumor bearing mice were treated with Sindbis virus, α4-1BB Ab or SV plus α4-1BB Ab. On day 7 after treatment, splenocytes were harvested and surface markers, cytokines, and transcription factors were measured by flow cytometry or Elispot. Splenic T cells were isolated and RNA transcriptome analysis was performed. Tumor cured mice were rechallenged with tumor for testing immunological memory. SV vectors in combination with α4-1BB monoclonal antibody (mAb) completely eradicated a B-cell lymphoma in a preclinical mouse model, a result that could not be achieved with either treatment alone. Tumor elimination involves a synergistic effect of the combination that significantly boosts T cell cytotoxicity, IFNγ production, T cell proliferation, migration, and glycolysis. In addition, all mice that survived after treatment developed long lasting antitumor immunity, as shown by the rejection of A20 tumor rechallenge. We identified the molecular pathways, including upregulated cytokines, chemokines and metabolic pathways in T cells that are triggered by the combined therapy and help to achieve a highly effective anti-tumor response. Our study provides a novel, alternative method for B cell lymphoma treatment and describes a rationale to help translate SV vectors plus agonistic mAb into clinical applications.
What’s New in Alternative Therapies for Glaucoma

The interest in complementary and alternative treatment modalities for glaucoma has essentially been driven by the subset of patients who continue to progress despite rigorous IOP control. As a result, considerable attention has been directed towards the effects of blood flow, neuroprotection and oxidative stress on glaucoma progression. This chapter reviews what is new in the literature regarding complementary and alternative glaucoma treatments.
Monitoring During Periodontal Sedation

Monitoring of physiologic parameters during moderate sedation is integral to the success of the technique. Minute physiologic changes can be detected and managed before they become clinically significant. Comprehensive monitoring of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems acts as an early warning system that can significantly reduce anesthetic-related morbidity and mortality. It is therefore essential that the practitioner become intimately familiar with the function of each monitoring device and know how to interpret and react to the information being provided. Monitoring the level of consciousness and the functionality of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems must be accomplished on each and every patient receiving moderate sedation. Dental auxiliaries must be trained in the basic function and operation of the monitoring devices in order to facilitate treatment.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Lateral Thigh and Hip

Wounds that overlie the greater trochanter are common and at times require flap coverage. Two local flaps are well suited for these defects. The tensor fascia lata (TFL) flap and the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap both have vascular origins from the lateral circumflex femoral artery and can be positioned proximally for hip coverage (Fig. 18.1).
Towards a Smart(er) Social Science Using High-Dimensional Continuous-Time Trajectories from the Open Dynamic Interaction Networks (ODIN) Platform

In this paper, we describe Open Dynamic Interaction Networks (ODIN), a software platform designed to move the social, behavioral, and public health sciences toward a new investigative paradigm. ODIN enables us to collect and analyze rich, contextual continuous-time data on both personal change and interpersonal interaction. It achieves this by supporting dynamic delivery of questions based on the currently sensed context of each participant. The ODIN system extends beyond static (or even stepwise dynamic) graph-theoretic renderings of social life and individual behavior by considering “social relationship” to be measured in terms of high-dimensional continuous-time trajectories. The system is designed to be extensible, allowing seamless incorporation of new sensors, and correspondingly sophisticated compound rules by which contexts of interest may be specified. As such, ODIN opens the door for a "smarter" social science based on continuous contextual data, and a "smarter" data science that is reflective and sociologically informed.
Thomas Cromwell: a revolutionary life

The great Cambridge historian Geoffrey Elton, who “knew more about Thomas Cromwell than anyone since his execution,” declared that the man was “not biographable” (3). Diarmaid MacCulloch, one of El...