cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of significance of proportions of intraductal and infiltrating tumor growth in ductal carcinoma of the breast

A series of 267 mammary carcinomas of intraductal or infiltrating duct type treated by mastectomy was divided by histologic examination into 6 groups: pure intraductal carcinoma (14 cases); intraductal carcinoma with less than 10% stromal infiltration (14 cases); predominantly intraductal carcinoma with 10-49% stromal infiltration (16 cases); infiltrating duct carcinoma with a large component of intraductal growth (50-89% infiltration—26 cases); infiltrating duct carcinoma with minimal intraductal growth (90-99% infiltration—64 cases); and pure infiltrating duct carcinoma with no intraductal component (133 cases). There were no axillary nodal metastases and no tumor-related deaths among the patients with pure intraductal carcinoma, but women whose tumors showed minimal (less than 10%) stromal infiltration had low but significant incidences of metastases and mortality. It appears from the present series and a review of the literature that women with pure intraductal carcinoma (which should be diagnosed only after multiple permanent sections) can safely be treated by less than radical mastectomy, and should have virtually normal life expectancies after treatment. In tumors with increasing proportions of infiltrating growth, there is a progressive increase both in nodal metastases and in mortality. Data are also presented which indicate that, unlike lobular carcinoma of the breast, ductal carcinoma has a very transitory pre-infiltrating phase and may evolve by different mechanisms. Paget's disease of the nipple in this series was never associated with infiltrating carcinomas lacking an intraductal component, and occurred most frequently with predominantly intraductal tumors.
Habitat associations of an Odonata community in a lower montane rainforest in Papua New Guinea

Abstract I sampled odonates in pristine lower montane rainforest in Papua New Guinea over several months, recording habitat characteristics for all encounters with adult odonates. Using ordination techniques such as cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis I then classified the odonate fauna into assemblages correlated with environmental factors. Within the 2.5 km2 study area I found 61 species and a very high ratio of Zygoptera vs Anisoptera. Cluster analysis identified seven distinct assemblages associated with permanent rivers and creeks, temporary streams, puddles, or permanent standing water. Shading, water speed and water permanence were important factors distinguishing the assemblages. Anisoptera were absent from three habitats in the forest interior with temporary water sources. Species associated with temporary water sources and other microhabitats in the forest interior are presumed to be reliant on the high and aseasonal rainfall and the humid conditions of the rainforest. These s...
Bacterial communities in soil mimic patterns of vegetative succession and ecosystem climax but are resilient to change between seasons

Organism succession during ecosystem development has been researched for aboveground plant communities, however, the associated patterns of change in below-ground microbial communities are less described. In 2008, a study was initiated along a developmental sand-dune soil chronosequence bordering northern Lake Michigan near Wilderness Park (WP). It was hypothesized that soil bacterial communities would follow a pattern of change that is associated with soil, plant, and ecosystem development. This study included 5 replicate sites along 9 soils (n = 45) ranging in age from ∼105 to 4010 years since deposition. Soil bacterial community composition and diversity were studied using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bray–Curtis ordination indicated that bacterial community assembly changed along the developmental soil and plant gradient. The changes were not affected by seasonal differences, despite likely differences in plant root C (e.g. exudates), temperature, and water availability in soil. Soil base cations (Ca, Mg) and pH declined, showing log-linear correlations with soil age (r ∼ 0.83, 0.84 and 0.81; P 450 y) did not change. Turnover of plant taxa was also more rapid early during ecosystem development and correlated with bacterial community structural change (P < 0.000001; r = 0.56). It is hypothesized that plants help to drive pedogenic change during early (<450 y) soil development (e.g. pH decline, cation leaching) which drive selection of soil bacterial communities. In mature soils (∼450–4000 y), resilient and stable soil bacterial community structures developed, mimicking steady-state climax communities that were observed during latter stages of primary plant succession. These relationships point to possible feedbacks between plant and bacterial communities during ecosystem development.
Thermo-electro-mechanical simulation of aluminum-steel imperfect electrical contact with extremely high interfacial temperature

This paper introduces the frequency response function (FRF)-based continuous convolution and fast Fourier transform (CC-FFT) algorithm to simulate a periodically large contact area rather than the influence coefficient (IC)-based discrete convolution fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT). The former and the latter may be called as a periodic boundary condition (PBC) and a non-periodic boundary condition (nPBC) based on their periodicity. In the calculation, the contact pressure, surface displacement, and surface temperature are analyzed and compared by means of PBC CC-FFT and nPBC DC-FFT.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Amygdala-orbitofrontal resting-state functional connectivity is associated with trait anger

An important distinction in research on the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation involves the relatively limited duration of emotional states versus emotional traits that are defined as the stable tendency to experience particular emotions in daily life. Neuroimaging investigations of the regulation of anger states point to the involvement of reciprocal changes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala activity, but the neural substrate of trait anger has received less attention. We used resting-state functional MRI to determine whether the variation in the strength of functional connectivity between the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with trait anger. Sixteen healthy men completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Correlational analysis for resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was carried out with the left and the right amygdala as separate seed regions. Anger measures were correlated to RSFC involving the right and the left amygdala on a voxel-by-voxel basis across all individuals. We found that Trait Anger was inversely associated with the strength of RSFC between the amygdala and the contralateral middle orbitofrontal cortex. The association was stronger for the right amygdala-left orbitofrontal connection. Anger Control, the tendency to try to control expressions of anger, showed the opposite pattern of being positively correlated with amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity. The present study provides evidence that RSFC in a corticolimbic circuit might subserve stable differences in anger regulation. Our findings also suggest that RSFC may prove valuable as a trait marker for disorders characterized by emotional dysregulation such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.
Azimuthal correlations from transverse momentum conservation and possible local parity violation

We analytically calculate the contribution of transverse momentum conservation to the azimuthal correlations that have been proposed as signals for possible local strong parity violation and recently measured in heavy ion collisions. These corrections are of the order of the inverse of the total final state particle multiplicity and thus are of the same order as the observed signal. The corrections contribute with the same sign to both like-sign and oppositesign pair correlations. Their dependence on the momentum is in qualitative agreement with the measurements by the STAR collaboration, while the pseudorapidity dependence differs from the data.
Nonparametric Estimation of the Probability of Ruin.

Abstract : The finite and infinite horizon time probability of ruin are important parameters in the study of acturial risk theory. This paper introduces procedures for directly estimating these key parameters from a random sample of observations without assumptions as to the parametric form of the distribution from which the observations arise. The estimators introduced apply to most of the classical models in which ruin probabilities are used and also apply to a much broader class of models. The procedures are based on the concept of sample reuse, and old idea in statistics which is becoming more popular due to the widespread availability of high speed computers. In this paper, the almost sure consistency of the estimators is established, Further, finite sample properties of the estimators are investigated in a simulation study. Keywords: Reverse martingdale, Bootstrap.
Quinone methide chemistry of prekinamycins: 13C-labeling, spectral global fitting and in vitro studies.

In this article, we address the presence of the prekinamycin quinone methide using the techniques of spectral global fitting and the13C-labeling of the reactive centre. Two-electron reduction of a prekinamycin affords a long-lived quinone methide species that was characterised spectrally. A correlation was made between the calculated ΔE (kcal/mol) values for quinone methide tautomerisation and cytostatic activity to support the postulate that the quinone methide plays a role in prekinamycin biological activity. We also prepared a stable quinone methide of prekinamycin and studied its solution chemistry directly.
Sonographic assessment of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation.

Dilatation of the ventricular system is a common complication of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the premature newborn. Sonography plays an important role in identifying the presence and severity of ventricular dilatation and in monitoring the effectiveness of the various therapies currently used in its treatment. This article reviews the pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and describes some of the newer sonographic techniques developed to improve visualization of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways and to monitor intracranial compliance in infants with ventricular enlargement.
Ultrasonic Resonance Spectroscopy of Composite Rings for Flywheel Rotors

Flywheel energy storage devices comprising multilayered composite rotor systems are being studied extensively for utilization in the International Space Station. These composite material systems were investigated with a recently developed ultrasonic resonance spectroscopy technique. The system employs a swept frequency approach and performs a fast Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum of the response signal. In addition. the system allows for equalization of the frequency spectrum, providing all frequencies with equal amounts of energy to excite higher order resonant harmonics. Interpretation of the second fast Fourier transform, along with equalization of the frequency spectrum, offers greater assurance in acquiring and analyzing the fundamental frequency, or spectrum resonance spacing. The range of frequencies swept in a pitch-catch mode was varied up to 8 MHz, depending on the material and geometry of the component. Single and multilayered material samples, with and without known defects, were evaluated to determine how the constituents of a composite material system affect the resonant frequency. Amplitude and frequency changes in the spectrum and spectrum resonance spacing domains were examined from ultrasonic responses of a flat composite coupon, thin composite rings, and thick composite rings. Also, the ultrasonic spectroscopy responses from areas with an intentional delamination and a foreign material insert, similar to defects that may occur during manufacturing malfunctions, were compared with those from defect-free areas in thin composite rings. A thick composite ring with varying thickness was tested to investigate the full-thickness resonant frequency and any possible bulk interfacial bond issues. Finally, the effect on the frequency response of naturally occurring single and clustered voids in a composite ring was established.
Moundville: Forgotten Textile Fragments Reveal the Past

The multi-mound site of Moundville in west central Alabama provided the samples, dated to Moundville II (ad 1250-1400) and III (ad 1400-1550) phases. Mound W, Mound R and the Rhodes site within the...
Statistical thermodynamics of A–B–A block copolymers: I

A-B-A block copolymers statistical thermodynamics, describing postulated microstructure theoretical model for phase transition prediction
Task-based strategy for optimized contrast enhanced breast imaging: analysis of six imaging techniques for mammography and tomosynthesis.

Purpose: The use of contrast agents in breast imaging has the capability of enhancing nodule detectability and providing physiological information. Accordingly, there has been a growing trend toward using iodine as a contrast medium in digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Widespread use raises concerns about the best way to use iodine in DM and DBT, and thus a comparison is necessary to evaluate typical iodine-enhanced imaging methods. This study used a task-based observer model to determine the optimal imaging approach by analyzing six imaging paradigms in terms of their ability to resolve iodine at a given dose: unsubtracted mammography and tomosynthesis, temporal subtraction mammography and tomosynthesis, and dual energy subtraction mammography and tomosynthesis. Methods: Imaging performance was characterized using a detectability index d′, derived from the system task transfer function (TTF), an imaging task, iodine signal difference, and the noise power spectrum (NPS). The task modeled a 10 mm diameter lesion containing iodine concentrations between 2.1 mg/cc and 8.6 mg/cc. TTF was obtained using an edge phantom, and the NPS was measured over several exposure levels, energies, and target-ﬁlter combinations. Using a structured CIRS phantom, d′ was generated as a function of dose and iodine concentration. Results: For all iodine concentrations and dose, temporal subtraction techniques for mammography and tomosynthesis yielded the highest d′, while dual energy techniques for both modalities demonstrated the next best performance. Unsubtracted imaging resulted in the lowest d′ values for both modalities, with unsubtracted mammography performing the worst out of all six paradigms. Conclusions: At any dose, temporal subtraction imaging provides the greatest detectability, with temporally subtracted DBT performing the highest. The authors attribute the successful performance to excellent cancellation of inplane structures and improved signal difference in the lesion.
Generating Bessel beams using an electrically-large annular slot

This paper investigates the electromagnetic near field of an electrically large, uniformly excited annular slot. It is shown analytically that such a structure produces a Bessel beam in the reactive near field close to its axis. The theoretical predictions are verified through full-wave simulation and experiment. Furthermore, the beam excited by the plate retains an almost constant beamwidth and shape, thereby verifying the generation of a Bessel beam. Such a structure may find applications in high resolution imaging and probing, and possibly biomedical targeting devices.
A College that Reinvented Itself: The Wilson College Story.

When trustees vote to close a college, and alumnae and students sue them, courts can override the decision, although winning the right to stay open is only part of the battle. A president instrumental in the revival of the college offers her viewpoint.
Accelerate Sampling in Atomistic Energy Landscapes Using Topology-Based Coarse-Grained Models

We describe a multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) method where efficient topology-based coarse-grained models are coupled with all-atom ones to enhance the sampling of atomistic protein energy landscape. The bias from the coupling is removed by Hamiltonian replica exchange, thus allowing one to benefit simultaneously from faster transitions of coarse-grained modeling and accuracy of atomistic force fields. The method is demonstrated by calculating the conformational equilibria of several small but nontrivial β-hairpins with varied stabilities.
Atomistic tight-binding theory of multiexciton complexes in a self-assembled InAs quantum dot

We present atomistic tight-binding theory of electronic structure and optical properties of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots. The tight-binding model includes zincblende symmetry, faceting, and $s{p}^{3}{d}^{5}{s}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ atomic orbitals accounting for interband and intervalley couplings. The equilibrium positions of atoms are calculated using valence force field method and modification of the tight-binding Hamiltonian due to strain is accounted for using Harrison's law. The electronic and optical properties of multiexciton complexes are then determined by diagonalizing the many-body Hamiltonian for interacting electrons and holes using the configuration-interaction approach. The calculations of strain distribution approach ${10}^{8}$ atoms while the electron and valence hole single-particle states are calculated by diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix with size on the order of ${10}^{7}$. The dependence of predicted electronic and optical properties on InAs/GaAs valence-band offset and InAs absolute valence-band deformation potentials are described. The reliability of the atomistic calculations is assessed by comparison with results obtained from the effective bond orbital model and empirical pseudopotentials method.
On the accuracy of λ-based FETI method for electromagnetic problems

Over the last years Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting (FETI) Domain Decomposition Methods (DDM) have emerged as formidable parallel solvers for large scale finite element electromagnetic computations. In [1] an efficient λ-based FETI with first order transmission conditions was proposed and its stability and scalability characteristics were described. However, the accuracy of the method has not been carefully scrutinized. This paper presents a study of the accuracy of that FETI DDM with various choices of the Lagrange multiplier space and for conforming and non-conforming discretizations.
Body, Society, and Subjectivity in Religious Studies

Attention to bodies has transformed the study of religion in the past thirty years, aiding the effort to overcome the discipline’s Protestant biases by shifting interest from beliefs to practices. And yet much of this work has unwittingly perpetuated an individualist notion of the religious subject. Although religionists are now well aware that bodies cannot be studied apart from the social forces that shape them, all too often the religious subject stands alone in a crowd, participating in communal rituals, subject to religious authorities and disciplinary practices, but oddly detached from intimate relationships. In this article, I first argue that the turn to the body was motivated by what it appeared to reject: theoretical questions about subjectivity. I then seek to challenge prevailing trends by arguing that these same theoretical insights should now prod us to attend to the import of intimacy and personal relationships.
Analog circuit synthesis and exploration in OASYS

Experimental results obtained with OASYS, a behavior-to-structure synthesis tool for analog circuits, are described. In particular, measurements from fabricated analog ICs based on OASYS-synthesized designs are presented, and used to verify that OASYS is capable of producing real, functional circuits. Possibilities for automatically exploring the space of designable analog circuits, an ability made possible by a fast, automatic synthesis tool such as OASYS, are also described. Examples of using OASYS to explore tradeoffs among process and performance specifications are presented. >
Comparative Effects of Whole, Ground, Dry-Rolled, and Steam-Flaked Corn on Digestion and Growth Performance in Feedlot Cattle

Abstract Two trials were conducted to evaluate four common methods of corn processing for cattle simultaneously. Experimental diets contained 75.3% corn grain. Corn processing treatments were 1) steam-flaked corn ( SFC ; density = 0.31 kg/L), 2)dry-rolled corn ( DRC ; density = 0.58 kg/L), 3) ground corn ( GC ), and 4) whole corn ( WC ). Treatment effects on feedlot performance were evaluated in a 112-d finishing trial involving 120 crossbred yearling steers (311 kg). Cattle fed WC had less (7%; P m and NEg were similar (P=0.46) for dry corn treatments, but increased (11.5 and 14.7%, respectively; P FS ; %) and apparent total tract starch digestion: Total tract starch digestion (%) = 102.4 − 0.72FS (n = 16; r 2 = − 0.97; P
Evaluation of 1‐D and 3‐D seismic models of the Pacific lower mantle with S, SKS, and SKKS traveltimes and amplitudes

[1] In this study, we analyzed the seismic phases S, SKS, and SKKS from 31 deep-focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji region recorded in North America between epicentral distances of 85° and 120°. The differential traveltimes and amplitude ratios for these phases reveal clear epicentral distance trends not predicted by standard one-dimensional (1-D) reference Earth models. The increase of the S/SKS amplitude ratio up to a factor of 10 is accompanied by an increase of the S-SKS differential traveltime of up to 10 s. SKKS-SKS differential traveltimes of 2–3 s and SKKS/SKS amplitude ratios of a factor of 2–4 across the epicentral range have maxima near 107°. We examined these observations using full (1-D and 3-D) waveforms for three 1-D seismic velocity profiles for the central Pacific region and for the tomographic model S40RTS including modifications: different regularization parameters, great-circle path azimuthal variation, strength of S wave velocity perturbations, S wave velocity gradients in the lower mantle, and ultra–low velocity zones. To explain these data, we constructed a hybrid model that combines both features of S40RTS and short-wavelength features from the 1-D profiles. The large-scale seismic structure is represented by S40RTS. Embedded within S40RTS are a 20 km thick ultra–low velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary near the source side and a 200 km thick negative velocity gradient zone near the receiver side of the paths. Our analysis demonstrates that the S wave velocity structure of the Pacific large low shear-velocity province cannot be interpreted solely by global tomographic or regional modeling approaches in exclusion of each other.
Real-Time Hierarchical Swarms for Rapid Adaptive Multi-Level Pattern Detection and Tracking

In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical extension to the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm that allows swarms to cope better with dynamically changing fitness evaluations for a given parameter space. We present the formal framework and demonstrate the utility of the extension in an application system for dynamic face detection. Specifically, the feature detector/tracker uses the proposed "hierarchical real-time swarms" for a continuous concurrent dynamic search of the best locations in a two-dimensional parameter space and the image space to improve upon feature detection and tracking in changing environments. We show in several experimental evaluations on a robot interacting with people in real-time that the proposed method is robust to lighting changes and does not require any calibration. Moreover, the method is not limited to face detection, but can be applied to any n-dimensional search space
Design and development of compact conformal RFID antennas utilizing novel flexible magnetic composite materials for wearable RF and biomedical applications

This paper reports the first conformal RFID antenna printed on a flexible magnetic composite material for the UHF frequency band. The target applications are wearable RFIDs and bio-monitoring wireless probes. The successful implementation of the flexible magnetic composite material allows the tag miniaturization and provides excellent electrical performance in the 480 MHz band. First, the material is chosen for optimal electric and magnetic losses, then the antenna is designed for both the non-magnetic material and the magnetic one to prove the miniaturization. Finally, the effect of bending the antenna on the measured return loss performance is investigated.
Six-month progression-free survival as an alternative primary efficacy endpoint to overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients receiving temozolomide

We assessed six-month progression-free survival (PFS) as an alternative primary efficacy endpoint to overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients receiving temozolomide (TMZ). A total of 183 patients with newly diagnosed GBM enrolled in 3 phase II protocols at the University of California–San Francisco were included. Patients were treated with interventions based on the Stupp regimen, each with the added component of a second oral agent given concurrently with radiotherapy and TMZ, followed by its coadministration with adjuvant TMZ. We examined whether progression status at 2, 4, and 6 months predicted subsequent survival using the landmark analysis. The hazard ratios of death as a function of progression status were estimated based on the Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for putative prognostic factors. Progression status at 2, 4, and 6 months were all consistently found to be strong predictors of subsequent survival in all studies. The study-specific hazard ratios associated with progression status at 6 months ranged from 2.03 to 3.39. The hazard ratios associated with the earlier time points (2- and 4-month progression) all exceeded 2 in magnitude, ranging from 2.29 to 4.73. P-values were statistically significant for all time points. In this report, we demonstrated a strong association between the endpoints of PFS at 2, 4, and 6 months and survival. Patients who showed the signs of early progression were at significantly higher risk of earlier death. Our analysis suggests that 6-month PFS may be an appropriate primary endpoint in the context of phase II upfront GBM trials in the TMZ era.
Adaptation of torsional eye alignment in relation to head roll.

Abstract The coordination of head tilt, ocular counterroll and vertical vergence is maintained by adaptive mechanisms; the desired outcome being clear single vision. A disruption or imbalance in otolith-ocular pathways may result in diplopia which stimulates these adaptive processes. In the present experiment, dove prisms were used to create cyclodisparities that varied with head tilt about a naso-occipital axis (roll). A stimulus for incyclovergence was presented with the head rolled 45° to one side and a stimulus for an excyclovergence was presented with the head rolled 45° to the other side. At the end of 1 h of training, all subjects demonstrated a change in open-loop cyclovergence that would help to correct for the cyclodisparities experienced during the closed-loop training period. The change appeared to be a simple gain change in the ocular counterroll of one or both eyes.
The Promise and Problems of Organizational Culture: CEO Personality, Culture, and Firm Performance

Studies of organizational culture are almost always based on two assumptions: (a) Senior leaders are the prime determinant of the culture, and (b) culture is related to consequential organizational outcomes. Although intuitively reasonable and often accepted as fact, the empirical evidence for these is surprisingly thin, and the results are quite mixed. Almost no research has jointly investigated these assumptions and how they are linked. The purpose of this article is to empirically link CEO personality to culture and organizational culture to objective measures of firm performance. Using data from respondents in 32 high-technology companies, we show that CEO personality affects a firm’s culture and that culture is subsequently related to a broad set of organizational outcomes including a firm’s financial performance (revenue growth, Tobin’s Q), reputation, analysts’ stock recommendations, and employee attitudes. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on organizational culture.
Abstract P031: Multimorbidity in Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Community Study

Background: Multimorbidity is common in heart failure (HF), yet differences in co-morbid chronic conditions by type of HF (HF with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction (EF)) are not well documented. Methods: We determined the prevalence and distribution of 25 chronic conditions by preserved vs. reduced EF among patients with incident HF enrolled in a community study from 9/2003-6/2012. HF was validated by the Framingham criteria, and an EF ≥50% defined preserved EF. Chronic conditions were identified within the 5 years prior to HF by codes defined by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Logistic regression determined associations of each comorbidity with type of HF (preserved vs. reduced EF) after adjusting for age and sex. Results: Among 668 incident HF patients (mean age 74±14, 51% male), the most common co-morbid conditions were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. Cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and anemia were also common, occurring in >1/3 of HF patients....
Stochastic Relaxation of Variational Integrals with Non-attainable Infima

We provide an example of a stochastic approach to relaxation of the variational integrals with non-attainable infima in one dimension. We provide an approximation for the coefficients of the Laplace transformation of the Probability Density Function. This approaximation yields the relaxing microstructures.
Viral studies of chronic fatigue syndrome.

The sudden onset of "flu-like" symptoms that occurs in the vast majority of cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), followed by persistent illness and fatigue [1-3], suggests a viral etiology for this condition. Over the years, many different RNA and DNA viruses have been suspected of being associated with CFS, but thus far no particular virus has been uniquely linked to this disorder. The presentations and discussions at this meeting strongly supported the hypothesis that CFS may be triggered by more than one viral agent and/ or a variety of organic factors. Komaroff et al. [1] view CFS as centrally an immunologic disturbance that allows reactivation of latent and persistent infectious agents, particularly viruses, in the host. The reactivation of such viral agents may only be an epiphenomenon. Komaroff, however, suggests that once reactivated, these viruses contribute directly to the morbidity of CFS by damaging certain tissues and indirectly by eliciting an ongoing immunologic response. Levy [4] believes that although no viral agent has been found consistently in patients with CFS, an infectious organism may be the cause of this condition and may continue to be present in the individual. Therefore, he has proposed a "hit and run" effect based on the lack of recovery of an agent. According to this hypothesis, a virus might enter the host, cause immune abnormalities leading to CFS, and then be eliminated. The immune system may, however, not fully recover. It thus appears that the reduction in NK cell function [5-7] and/or suppression of CD8+ T cell (CD8+ 1 Ib+ cells) activity is involved.
Interferon induction by Colorado tick fever virus: a double-stranded RNA virus.

SummaryL cell monolayers and mice were exposed to infectious and to inactivated Colorado tick fever virus. Ultraviolet irradiation of the virus was able to increase the rate of appearance of interferon in both in vitro and in vivo. Heat- and pH-inactivated virus failed to evoke an interferon response in both systems. It is proposed that UV irradiation permits faster release of the CTF virus RNA while heat and pH inactivation prevent this release.
R&D of Mobile Warehouse Vehicle for Live Work Tool

To ensure the safety in live work and to solve the hidden trouble caused by moist tool of live work due to transportation for a long time especially in high wet area, the mobile warehouse vehicle for live work tool was designed and developed. The paper introduced the enforcement condition of design and development basis and technical design for mobile warehouse vehicle of live work tool, and the application condition in practice was also described.
Etiological diagnosis and analysis of an outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease

To clarify the etiology of an outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fujian province and to analyse its heredity, the stool specimens and the serum specimens taken from acute and convalescent periods of the suspected patients were collected and the traditional methods for virus isolation and identification, antibody changes in the double serum specimens as well as the modem techniques of molecular biology were employed for the etiological diagnosis. Furthermore, the genetic sequence of pathogens determined and the phylogenetic analysis was performed. It was found that Coxsackie virus type A 16 (CAVI 6) was isolated from stool specimens of patients with hand-foot-mouth disease and rapidly identified. Also, this type of virus could be identified with RT-PCR and sequence analysis from stool specimens of patierns and those of closed contacts. Three cases out of eight patients with positire virus isolation, who were all un-typable by RIVM enterovirus set serum, were etiologically diagnosed by means of RT-PCR using CAV-16-specific primers. Ten of thirty-five closed contacts showed positive virus isolation, of which 6 were proved to be CAV-16 (60%), but to be negative with EV-71. The titers of the CAV-16 neutralyzing antibodies in sera of acute and convalescent periods of three patients became positive or increased up to 4 times, phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene of these CAV-16 isolates demonstrated that their nucleotide identity was 99.7%-99.9%,which were different from CAV-16 of GenBank database by 4.1%-5.1%. From these observations, it is apparent that the etiology of an outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease in Fijian province is attributed to Coxsackie virus type A16.
211 CORRELATION BETWEEN TRADITIONAL EVALUATIONS AND OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN A PEDIATRIC CONTINUITY CLINIC.

Background The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education requires training programs to objectively measure quality improvement for physicians-in-training. Monitoring quality indicators of performance is a novel approach to meet this requirement. The degree to which this technique correlates with traditional evaluations such as standardized testing or attending evaluations has not been established. Objective To determine whether traditional measures of resident performance correlated with objective measures of performance in a pediatric continuity clinic. Methods Resident performance was measured using a select group of quality indicators obtained by blinded chart abstraction from patients seen in the pediatric resident continuity clinic. The performance measures included assessment of eye alignment, car seat counseling, smoke exposure screening, smoking cessation counseling for parents, and immunization status. The traditional measures of resident performance that were obtained included match list ranking, US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, and attending evaluations from the continuity clinic and general inpatient wards. Performance measures were compared using Pearson product moment correlation coefficients. Subjects included 80 residents over a 4-year period. Correlations between 0.4 and 0.7 were considered moderate. Results USMLE Part 3 scores showed moderate correlation with performance on eye alignment (0.49) but not with the other indicators of performance. Traditional measures, including position on the rank list and attending evaluations, did not correlate well with the objective performance measures. Conclusions There is generally poor correlation between traditional resident performance measures and objective performance measures in this pediatric training program.
Older Age Results in Differential Gene Expression after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Is Linked to Imaging Differences at Acute Follow-up.

Older age consistently relates to a lesser ability to fully recover from a traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, there is limited data to explicate the nature of age-related risks. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship of age on gene-activity following a TBI, and how this biomarker relates to changes in neuroimaging findings. A younger group (between the ages of 19-35 years), and an older group (between the ages of 60-89 years) were compared on global gene-activity within 48 hours following a TBI, and then at follow-up within 1-week. At each time-point gene-expression profiles, and imaging findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were obtained and compared. The younger group was found to have greater gene expression of inflammatory regulatory genes at 48 hours and 1 week in genes such as basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (BACH2), leucine rich repeat neuronal 3 (LRRN3) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) compared to the older group. In the older group, there was increased activity in genes within S100 family, including calcium binding protein P (S100P) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8), which previous studies have linked to poor recovery from TBI. The older group also had reduced activity of the noggin (NOG) gene, which is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and is linked to neuro-recovery and neuro-regeneration compared to the younger group. We link these gene-expression findings that were validated to neuroimaging, reporting that in the older group with a MRI finding of TBI related damage, there was a lesser likelihood to then have a negative MRI finding at follow-up compared to the younger group. Together, these data indicate that age impacts gene activity following a TBI, and suggests that this differential activity related to immune regulation and neuro-recovery contributes to a lesser likelihood of neuronal recovery in older patients as indicated through neuroimaging.
Comparing the Accuracy of Reconstructed Image Size in Super-Resolution Imaging of Fluorophore-Labeled Gold Nanorods Using Different Fit Models

We use a triplet-state-mediated super-resolution fluorescence imaging technique to localize the position of individual fluorescently labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bound to the surface of gold nanorods. Within each diffraction-limited spot, we must account for two different emission sources: the stochastic fluorescence from the fluorescent labels and the steady background luminescence of the gold nanorod. To isolate the contribution from the fluorescent label, we subtract the average gold nanorod luminescence contribution, modeled with either a two-dimensional Gaussian or a dipolar emission model. The fluorescence from the labeled dsDNA is then fit with a two-dimensional Gaussian to reconstruct the positions of each individual emitter on the nanorod surface. The resulting reconstructed images, using either luminescence model, agree with the shape and orientation of the underlying nanorod, and show similar apparent dsDNA binding heterogeneity across the surface of the nanorod based on the localization...
Complex Signal Amplitude Estimation and Adaptive Detection in Unknown Low-rank Interference

We propose a Bayesian method for complex signal amplitude estimation in low-rank interference. We assume that the received signal follows the generalized multivariate analysis of variance (GMANOVA) patterned-mean structure and is corrupted by low-rank spatially correlated interference and white noise. An iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm is developed for estimating the unknown complex signal amplitudes and interference and noise parameters. We also discuss initialization of the ICM algorithm and propose an adaptive-matched- fllter (AMF) signal detector that utilizes the ICM estimation results. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Application of Social Media Data to High-Resolution Mapping of a Special Event Population

Society’s increasing participation in social media provides access to new sources of near-real-time data that reflect our activities in space and in time. The ability for users to capture and express their geolocations through their phones’ global positioning system (GPS), or through a particular location’s hashtag or Facebook page, provides an opportunity for modeling spatiotemporal population dynamics. One illustrative application is the modeling of dynamic populations associated with special events such as sporting events. To demonstrate, Twitter posts and Facebook check-ins were collected across a 24 h period for several football game days at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, during the 2013 season. Population distributions for game hours and nongame hours of a typical game day were modeled at a high spatial resolution using the spatiotemporal distributions of the social media data.
The effects of perceived racism on psychological distress mediated by venting and disengagement coping in Native Hawaiians

Studies have linked perceived racism to psychological distress via certain coping strategies in several different racial and ethnic groups, but few of these studies included indigenous populations. Elucidating modifiable factors for intervention to reduce the adverse effects of racism on psychological well-being is another avenue to addressing health inequities. We examined the potential mediating effects of 14 distinct coping strategies on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress in a community-based sample of 145 Native Hawaiians using structural equation modeling. Perceived racism had a significant indirect effect on psychological distress, mediated through venting and behavioral disengagement coping strategies, with control for age, gender, educational level, and marital status. The findings suggest that certain coping strategies may exacerbate the deleterious effects of racism on a person’s psychological well-being. Our study adds Native Hawaiians to the list of U.S. racial and ethnic minorities whose psychological well-being is adversely affected by racism.
Turning coders into makers: the promise of embedded design generation

As personal fabrication becomes increasingly accessible and popular, a larger number of makers, many without formal training, are dabbling in embedded and electronics design. However, existing general-purpose, board-level circuit design techniques do not share desirable properties of modern software development, like rich abstraction layers and automated compiler checks, which facilitate powerful tools that ultimately lower the barrier to entry for programming, by allowing a higher level of design-separating specification from implementation-and providing automated guidance and feedback. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for embedded design generation that allows the generation of complete designs from high-level specifications. We present an implementation capable of synthesizing a variety of examples to show that our approach is viable. Starting from user-specified requirements and a library of available components, our tool encodes the design space as a system of constraints. Off-the-shelf solvers then reason over these constraints to create a block diagram with sufficient information to generate the device firmware and circuit netlist.
Efficacy of self-retained cryopreserved amniotic membrane for treatment of neuropathic corneal pain

Abstract Purpose Treatment of neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) remains intricate, and involves a long-term combined multistep approach. The self-retained cryopreserved amniotic membrane (PROKERA ® , Bio-Tissue, Miami,FL) has been utilized for multiple ocular surface disorders. We evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ProKera ® Slim [PKS] and ProKera ® Clear [PKC] in the treatment of NCP. Methods Retrospective case series of 9 patients who received PKS/PKC for the acute treatment of NCP. Patient demographics, prior therapies, clinical examination, duration of PKS/PKC retention, changes in pain severity, corneal subbasal nerve density and morphology by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM; HRT3/RCM, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and adverse events were recorded. Results PKS/PKC were placed in 10 eyes of 9 patients. Pain severity improved by 72.5 ± 8.4% (from 6.3 ± 0.8 to 1.9 ± 0.6, scale 1–10, p = 0.0003) after retention for 6.4 ± 1.1 days. Despite shorter retention for 4.0 ± 0.7 days in patients with ring dysesthesia (4 eyes) or premature implant disengagement (2 eyes), pain severity still improved by 63.1 ± 12.5% (from 6.8 ± 1.0 to 2.4 ± 0.9, p = 0.009). During a follow-up of 9.3 ± 0.8 months, two patients reported recurrence of pain after 2.3 and 9.6 months respectively, treated effectively with additional PKS/PKC. IVCM showed a 36.6 ± 17.6% increase in total nerve density, from 17,700.9 ± 1315.7 to 21,891.3 ± 2040.5 μm/mm 2 (p = 0.047), while the fellow PKS/PKC-untreated eyes did not show a significant interval change. Main nerve trunk and branch nerve densities were not statistically different. Dendritiform cell density decreased from 46.0 ± 8.2 to 32.0 ± 6.0 cells/mm 2 (p = 0.01). Conclusions PKS/PKC provide a safe and effective treatment approach to achieve sustained pain control in patients with NCP.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Utilization of Labor Management Strategies Intended to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates.

OBJECTIVE:To examine whether racial and ethnic differences exist in the frequency of and indications for cesarean delivery and to assess whether application of labor management strategies intended to reduce cesarean delivery rates is associated with patient's race and ethnicity.METHODS:This is a sec
Mutual Impedivity Spectrometry and the Feasibility of its Incorporation into Tissue-Diagnostic Anatomical Reconstitution and Multivariate Time-Coherent Physiological Measurements

Measurement of the electrical impedance of biological tissue in vitro and in vivo has entered prominently into three classes of biological research and biomedical applications. Pioneered some half century ago by Fricke (1922, 1924, 1925A, 1925B) and perfected by his followers Cole and Curtis (1934, 1950), measurements of the electrical self-impedance of a variety of cell and tissue systems were made across the audio, lower radio, and even into the medium to high radio frequencies. These data were examined most commonly in the more familiar impedance domain comprised of resistance and reactance rather than in the electrically equivalent admittance domain of conductance and susceptance, thus giving, unintentionally, an implicit preference to serially organized circuit models.
Dementia and the Future

Clearly, there have been major efforts in the past quarter-century to understand the nature and meaning of syndromes leading to dementia as well as to disclose the course of significance of the dementing process. The literature is increasing with each decade. Indeed, in a book such as this one, it is impossible to review all of the published material even of the past decade. Such activity should indicate that our knowledge and competencies have increased just as much. Unfortunately, the increase in publication rate does not guarantee equal increases in usable results. There has certainly been an accumulation of helpful data, but it seems disproportionate to the volume. Because it is probable that the amount of research—of whatever value—will increase in the future, it would seem well to summarize where we currently are on several dimensions.