cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brookhaven National Laboratory Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Facility

When evaluating the effects of gases on crops, forests or other ecosystems, the experimenter is faced with the problem of trying to produce an exposure regime in which only the variables chosen to be investigated are altered, while other features of the remaining edaphic environment remain in a natural state. This type of experiment has often been hampered by an inability to create an experimental environment free of artifacts introduced by the structures and equipment used to expose the target ecosystem to the test gas. These are generally described as {open_quotes}chamber effects{close_quotes} and include changes in wind velocity, humidity, temperature, light quality or intensity, and soil variables. In the quest for a more realistic experimental design, researchers have moved their plant fumigation studies from the highly controlled and unnatural environment of the greenhouse or growth chamber to open-top chambers. The primary benefit of this shift has been to reduce experimental artifacts associated with soil variables. Many of the other limitations of chambers have remained. 7 refs., 3 figs.
"My Face Is My Fate": biological and psychosocial approaches to the treatment of a woman with obsessions and delusions.

At the time of her initial evaluation, Ms. A was a 21-year-old, single, Asian-American woman presenting with the belief that she was extremely ugly and had acromegaly. She had been begging her parents to allow her to undergo extensive plastic surgery on her face. She was a thin, well-dressed college student who was obviously bright and articulate, with an animated and dramatic style of speaking. While describing her life, she made frequent references to philosophical ideas, ancient literature, celebrities, and popular films. She emphasized that her interest in having cosmetic surgery on her face stemmed from her desire to “manipulate people’s responses” to her and to “reinvent” herself in order to regain the control that she felt she had exerted over others earlier in her life, when she believed she had been more attractive. She denied that she had any kind of mental illness, and said that she was coming to treatment only because her parents
Can a Gift Be Commanded? Theological Ethics without Theory by Way of Barth, Milbank and Yoder

L'article est consacre au probleme d'une ethique specifiquement chretienne. L'A. examine le role du commandement et du don dans les theologies de John Milbank et de Barth qui s'opposent, et montre que le debat entre ces deux theologiens est un pseudo-debat en s'appuyant sur John Howard Yoder.
Shake‐table experiment on reinforced concrete structure containing masonry infill wall

SUMMARY A hypothetical 5-storey prototype structure with reinforced concrete (RC) frame and unreinforced masonry (URM) wall is considered. The paper focuses on a shake-table experiment conducted on a substructure of this prototype consisting of the middle bays of its first storey. A test structure is constructed to represent the selected substructure and the relationship between demand parameters of the test structure and those of the prototype structure is established using computational modelling. The dynamic properties of the test structure are determined using a number of preliminary tests before performing the shake-table experiments. Based on these tests and results obtained from computational modelling of the test structure, the test ground motions and the sequence of shakings are determined. The results of the shake-table tests in terms of the global and local responses and the effects of the URM infill wall on the structural behaviour and the dynamic properties of the RC test structure are presented. Finally, the test results are compared to analytical ones obtained from further computational modelling of the test structure subjected to the measured shake-table accelerations. Copyright q 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of the AED and AED programs on survival of individuals, groups and populations.

Objective The automated external defibrillator (AED) is a tool that contributes to survival with mixed outcomes. This review assesses the effectiveness of the AED, consistencies and variations among studies, and how varying outcomes can be resolved. Methods A worksheet for the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2010 science review focused on hospital survival in AED programs was the foundation of the articles reviewed. Articles identified in the search covering a broader range of topics were added. All articles were read by at least two authors; consensus discussions resolved differences. Results AED use developed sequentially. Use of AEDs by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) compared to manual defibrillators showed equal or superior survival. AED use was extended to trained responders likely to be near victims, such as fire/rescue, police, airline attendants, and casino security guards, with improvement in all venues but not all programs. Broad public access initiatives demonstrated increased survival despite low rates of AED use. Home AED programs have not improved survival; in-hospital trials have had mixed results. Successful programs have placed devices in high-risk sites, maintained the AEDs, recruited a team with a duty to respond, and conducted ongoing assessment of the program. Conclusion The AED can affect survival among patients with sudden ventricular fibrillation (VF). Components of AED programs that affect outcome include the operator, location, the emergency response system, ongoing maintenance and evaluation. Comparing outcomes is complicated by variations in definitions of populations and variables. The effect of AEDs on individuals can be dramatic, but the effect on populations is limited. Stokes NA , Scapigliati A , Trammell AR , Parish DC . The Effect of the AED and AED Programs on Survival of Individuals, Groups and Populations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(5):1–6 .
In situ requirements analysis: a deeper examination of the relationship between requirements determination and project selection

There has been sparse study of how requirements analysis is performed in situ, i.e. by organizations building large, complex systems. We assert that a better understanding of in situ requirements practice is necessary to improve and ground current theories of requirements analysis. We performed an empirical field study to examine in detail the issues faced by practitioners in forming and stabilizing requirements and the procedures they created to overcome them. We found that the process of requirements determination was intimately related to project selection. We further observed that these two processes were based on the interplay of 1) applied technical, project, and organizational authority with 2) design, sensemaking, and negotiation activity. The ethnography produced an idealized, grounded authority-activity model of requirements analysis and project selection. The model is a generalized form of requirements analysis-project selection for large, complex, risk adverse (highly sensitive to failure) projects. It represents a method to balance the differentiated authority of the stakeholder groups with the activities necessary to form and stabilize technology-project candidates and their related requirements. We argue that the core issues addressed in this field study are generalizable across organizations that build large, complex systems and hence, the results of this study form a basis for a general theory of requirements analysis practice.
Sublimation from sharp‐edged cylinders in axisymmetric flow, including influence of surface curvature

An experimental investigation was performed on the mass transfer by sublimation from the outer surfaces of hollow naphthalene cylinders, 0.75 and 1.00 in. in diam., in parallel air streams at velocities between 20 and 120 ft./sec. Local mass transfer rates on the cylinders were obtained by a profilometric technique consisting of accurate determinations of changes in radii of the subliming surfaces at points along elements of the cylinders. Local coefficients of mass transfer obtained with laminar boundary layers for Reynolds numbers (based on axial length) between 12,000 and 100,000 were found to be up to 8% greater, because of surface curvature, than corresponding values for flat surfaces. Moreover comparison of the mass-transfer data with a theoretical prediction for laminar skin friction on circular cylinders indicates an effect of surface curvature on the Chilton-Colburn anology between momentum and mass transfer amounting to as much as 6% in the range of air velocity employed. For turbulent boundary layers obtained by artificial triggering of turbulence at the leading edges of the cylinders no effect of surface curvature was found. The results obtained for Reynolds numbers of 40,000 to 1,000,000 are lower than previously published correlations of turbulent heat, mass, and momentum transfer, when compared by the Boelter, Martinelli, and Jonassen form of the analogy.
Directly diode-pumped Yb:glass regenerative chirped pulse amplifier

Summary form only given. We present, for the first time, chirped pulse amplification (CPA) in a directly diode pumped Yb:glass laser. The injected pulses were obtained from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (coherent) tuned to 1040 nm with a pulse width of 200 fs. The pulses were then stretched in a fibre.
Police hiring and retention of sexual minorities in Georgia and Texas after Lawrence v. Texas

Abstract In this telephone interview study, hiring and retention policies and practices relevant to sexual minority officers among twenty selected police departments in Georgia and Texas were examined. The authors examined policies and practices in place before and after the U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 decision in Lawrence v. Texas, in which the Court struck down Texas' sodomy law on grounds that it violated due process and the right to privacy, in effect decriminalizing homosexual conduct throughout the nation. Conclusions and policy implications for law enforcement hiring practices in light of this landmark decision are discussed.
Development of a FRET based fiber-optic biosensor for early detection of myocardial infarction

A novel optical biosensor technique is being investigated for early detection of myocardial infarction utilizing the distance-dependent chemical transduction method of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET process requires two fluorophores termed the donor and the acceptor. When in close proximity, the donor absorbs energy from the excitation source and nonradiatively transfers the energy to the acceptor, which in turn emits fluorescent energy. This distance dependent property was utilized to detect conformational changes when antibodies combine with their respective antigens. The fluorophores were conjugated to an antibody-protein A complex and then immobilized to the distal end of an optical fiber. FRET-induced changes in fluorescence were measured as the maximum areas under the donor and acceptor fluorophore emission spectrum, P1 and P2 respectively. Results showed that the addition of specific HuIgG antigen reduced the P1/P2 ratio in five of the six fibers tested. A reduction in the P1/P2 ratio indicated that the antibodies underwent a conformational change upon binding, reducing the distance between the FRET fluorophores. More experiments need to be performed to further characterize the effects of the fiber preparation, immobilization procedure, instrumental sensitivity, and fluorophores concentration on the function and calibration of FRET-based biosensors.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome—Trigger Points Literature Review: Comment on Dorsher Study

To the Editor:The review by Simons and Dommerholt ([1]) that discussed my 2006 study ([2]) makes several comments that either do not accurately reflect my paper's contents or are unsupported.The re...
Issues Concerning the Chemical Synthesis of Ceramic Superconducting Coatings in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System with High Critical Current Densities.

Superconducting thin films of the two Cu-layer phase in the Pb-doped Bi- Sr-Ca-Cu-O system have been fabricated on {100} LaAlO3 single crystals by the metalorganic deposition (MOD) from ethyl hexanoate precursors. Some of the major issues pertinent to the synthesis of high quality films have been studied. Thin films of composition Bi1.8Pb0.3Sr1.6CaCu2Ox given heat treatments in air at 850–860 °C for several hours had sharp resistive transitions with a Tc of 85–89 K. The zero-field transport critical current densities were in the range of 1–4×105 A.cm−2 at 77 K and 106 A.cm−2 at 45 K in 200–300 nm thick films. In contrast to caxis oriented films grown on (100) MgO, X-ray pole figures show that the polycrystalline films grown on (100) LaAlO3 are epitaxial, a result confirmed by electron channeling patterns.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein UL37 Interacts with Viral Glycoprotein gK and Membrane Protein UL20 and Functions in Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment

We have shown that glycoprotein K (gK) and its interacting partner, the UL20 protein, play crucial roles in virion envelopment. Specifically, virions lacking either gK or UL20 fail to acquire an envelope, thus causing accumulation of capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL37 protein has also been implicated in cytoplasmic virion envelopment. To further investigate the role of UL37 in virion envelopment, the recombinant virus DC480 was constructed by insertion of a 12-amino-acid protein C (protC) epitope tag within the UL37 amino acid sequence immediately after amino acid 480. The DC480 mutant virus expressed full-size UL37 as detected by the anti-protC antibody in Western immunoblots, accumulated unenveloped capsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and produced very small plaques on African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells that were similar in size to those produced by the UL20-null and UL37-null viruses. The DC480 virus replicated nearly 4 log less efficiently than the parental wild-type virus when grown on Vero cells. However, DC480 mutant virus titers increased nearly 20-fold when the virus was grown on FRT cells engineered to express the UL20 gene in comparison to the titers on Vero cells, while the UL37-null virus replicated approximately 20-fold less efficiently than the DC480 virus on FRT cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and proximity ligation assays showed that gK and UL20 interact with the UL37 protein in infected cells. Collectively, these results indicate that UL37 interacts with the gK-UL20 protein complex to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex viruses acquire their final envelopes by budding into cytoplasmic membranes derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The tegument proteins UL36 and UL37 are known to be transported to the TGN sites of virus envelopment and to function in virion envelopment, since mutants lacking UL37 accumulate capsids in the cytoplasm that are unable to bud into TGN membranes. Viral glycoprotein K (gK) also functions in cytoplasmic envelopment, in a protein complex with the membrane-associated protein UL20 (UL20mp). This work shows for the first time that the UL37 protein functionally interacts with gK and UL20 to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment. This work may lead to the design of specific drugs that can interrupt UL37 interactions with the gK-UL20 protein complex, providing new ways to combat herpesviral infections.
Antipyretic Therapy in Patients with Sepsis

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection. Mortality rates in sepsis have remained high, despite recent advances in our understanding of the immunological mechanisms that cause sepsis. Fever, a nonspecific acute-phase response, has been associated with improved survival and shortened disease duration in some infections. This article reviews the biological effects of fever and the influence of antipyretic therapy on the outcome in sepsis in experimental models and in humans and offers clinical recommendations for antipyretic therapy in early and late stages of the disorder.
Numerical Approximations for Optimal Controls for Stochastic Systems With Delays

The Markov chain approximation numerical methods are widely used to compute optimal value functions and controls for stochastic and deterministic systems. We extend them to controlled general nonlinear delayed reflected diffusion models. The path, control, and reflection terms can all be delayed. Previous work developed convergent numerical approximations. But when the control and reflection terms are delayed there are impossible demands on memory. An alternative "dual" approach was proposed by Kwong and Vintner for the linear deterministic system with a quadratic cost function. We extend it to the general nonlinear stochastic system, develop the Markov chain approximations and numerical algorithms, and outline the convergence theorems. The approach reduces the memory requirement significantly.
The glutamine commute: take the N line and transfer to the A

The transfer of glutamine between cells contributes to signaling as well as to metabolism. The recent identification and characterization of the system N and A family of transporters has begun to suggest mechanisms for the directional transfer of glutamine, and should provide ways to test its physiological significance in diverse processes from nitrogen to neurotransmitter release.
Effect of Vascularization on Glioma Tumor Growth

As a tumor grows beyond a critical size and becomes nutrient-limited, it requires delivery of new resources and removal of waste products. The development of a new vascular network to support tumor growth allows then oxygen and nutrient to reach tumor cells. In this chapter, we study the influence of vascularization on tumor growth with the help of a combination of in vivo data from implanted xenografts of U87 MG in nude mice brain and a mathematical model. We identify three different growth regimes occurring during the tumor development and investigate the interplay among these regimes and the vascularization dynamics. Our results show that the initial (avascular) tumor growth is followed by a transient regime characterized by over-vascularization, before relaxing to a dynamics where the tumor radius increases linearly in time. Our model suggests that this linear regime corresponds to the equilibration of vascularization and metabolic dynamics. We use our findings to discuss the initiation of angiogenic processes and the implications for anti-angiogenic therapy.
Operation and impact of energy storage system in an industrial microgrid

This paper analyzes the performance of a stone crushing facility powered by an islanded microgrid comprising two natural gas engine driven generator sets (also known as gensets). The goal is to achieve the microgrid performance in accordance with the ISO 8528-5 Standard. For improving the system frequency response, different approaches are evaluated including applying underfrequency load shedding and increasing generator inertia. However, it is shown that integration of energy storage system with fast frequency controls offers the best solution for satisfying the ISO 8528-5 Standard. Results from modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink are presented to show the impact on microgrid performance.
Marital Status After DOMA: Exploring the Practical Tax Implications

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) defines marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman for federal issues. The tax implications of this law has been that same-sex couples who were legally married in their state are treated as single taxpayers for federal tax purposes. However, the Attorney General has announced that the Justice Department would no longer enforce Section 3 of DOMA because the President believes that this part of the act is unconstitutional. This implies that while DOMA is still law, the Justice Department will not take any measures to uphold it. We examine the tax implications for same-sex couples that apparently have the option to file as single individuals (according to DOMA) or married couples (since the law is not being enforced).
To Track or Not to Track: Recent Legislative Proposals to Protect Consumer Privacy

This note evaluates two privacy bills introduced in 2011 (the Commercial Privacy Bill of Rights and the Do Not Track Online Act) and concludes that the Commercial Privacy Bill of Rights will provide the best protection for consumers, while preserving the vibrancy and generativity of the Internet.
Reversal of MicroRNA Dysregulation in an Animal Model of Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background Animals models have played an important role in enhancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Dysregulation of the profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated in human tissues from PAH patients and in animal models. In this study, we measured miRNA levels in the monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of PAH and examined whether blocking a specific dysregulated miRNA not previously reported in this model, attenuated PAH. We also evaluated changes in miRNA expression in lung specimens from MCT PAH rats overexpressing human prostacyclin synthase, which has been shown to attenuate MCT PAH.
Improving Communication and Building Communities with Google

With assistance from the Academic Technology arm of Information Technology (IT), Pima Community College staff and faculty have been improving communication and building learning communities to meet the growing academic demands of our community. Utilizing Google Hangouts, college employees can quickly and easily communicate with struggling students, offering a variety of services including counseling, advising, and tutoring. Faculty have explored Google's ability to share relevant documents, images and videos to create personalized learning environments for students and peers. Employee groups have also explored the use of Google+ Communities as a means to storing departmental artifacts and chronicling the evolution of departmental processes. When used as a knowledge base for current and future employees, Google and its variety of apps create synergy of learning, collaboration and services between faculty, staff and students. This paper describes how IT has worked with stakeholders to leverage Google tools and address a variety of concerns to improve communication and build communities. The presenter will provide how-to examples to using and implementing these tools and hands-on activities for session participants.
Serum Ferritin and Bone Marrow Biopsy Iron Stores. II: Correlation with Low Serum Iron and Fe/TIBC Ratio Less Than 15%

Diseases associated with defective reticuloendothelial release of iron may be difficult to distinguish from the iron-deficient state, since serum iron parameters (serum iron, percentage saturation of transferrin less then 15%) may overlap. Assessment of the bone marrow biopsy iron stores was often necessary to resolve the diagnosis. Serum ferritin levels have proved very useful in distinguishing the uncomplicated iron-deficient state from other disorders associated with low serum iron and low percentage saturation of transferrin. However, a small percentage of iron-deficient persons may have normal ferritin values, particularly if these persons have liver disease or hematopoietic or lymphoreticular neoplasms. In these cases, assessment of the bone marrow biopsy iron would still be necessary to evaluate the body iron stores.
Numerical Simulation of Massively Separated Flow over a Model of the Apollo Command Module

The problem of a three-dimensional massively separated flow behind the Apollo capsule in a supersonic flow at different angles of attack is studied computationally using the general purpose CFD code ANSYS Fluent. Density-based and pressure-based coupled solver formulations are considered. Steady-state and transient solutions are compared. The SST k- turbulence model is employed to simulate turbulence effects in steady-state cases. In addition, the SST transition model is applied to investigate the importance of transitional effects in steady-state. The Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model is applied to compute transient solutions. This unsteady turbulence model introduces Von Karman length-scales to dynamically adjust to the resolved structures in the flow field, which produces LES-like results for sufficiently resolved computational domains in space and time, and it reverts to a RANS solution otherwise. The near-wall mesh is fine enough to resolve the viscosity-affected near-wall region all the way to the laminar sublayer. Second-order upwind discretization is used in steady state, and a higher-order central differencing scheme for the momentum equation is applied in the transient set-up. A mesh refinement study on three meshes (two hexahedral and one Cut-Cell Cartesian) is carried out. The transient SAS solution on the Cut-Cell mesh is found to be the most accurate, as it captures the unsteady vortex shedding phenomena behind the capsule, and predicts the drag coefficient within 1.6% of the experimental data 1
Genetics of two mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) exon I polymorphisms: population studies, and allele frequencies in alcohol- and drug-dependent subjects.

The gene encoding the μ opioid receptor, OPRM1, contains at least two polymorphisms affecting protein sequence in exon 1, Ala6Val and Asp40Asn. In previous studies, each variant has been reported to be associated with some form of drug dependence. Although past reports have not been consistent, they have also not considered comparable populations. The goals of the present study were to delineate allele and haplotype frequencies of these variants in a range of populations, and in drug- or alcohol-dependent subjects deriving from some of those populations. We developed new PCR-RFLP methods to detect both of these polymorphisms and studied them in control and substance-dependent populations of African American (AA), European American (EA) and Hispanic origin, and in a series of populations differing in geographic origin (Japanese, Ethiopians, Bedouins, and Ashkenazi Jews), 891 subjects overall. We designed primers flanking the DNA segment containing both polymorphisms, each primer creating a different artificial restriction site, such that a single PCR reaction can be completed, then divided, and the PCR product digested with either of two enzymes to reveal both polymorphisms. We found that allele frequencies for both polymorphic systems were significantly different between AA and EA subjects, and there was significant heterogeneity among the more extensive set of populations. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in allele frequency by diagnosis; that is, neither polymorphism appears to be a direct risk factor for substance dependence. Finally, we demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between the two exon 1 markers, and a previously described short tandem repeat (STR) marker.
Racial Disparity in Iowa Prisons: Possible Theoretical Explanations for Racial Differences Between Inmates on the Level of Service Inventory–Revised:

This article presents a test of several theoretically informed hypotheses that characterize differences between Whites and African Americans incarcerated in the Iowa prison system. The authors judg...
Prospects for “Lincoln 2.5”

Matthew Pinskers extraordinary survey of the field of Lincoln studies is a valuable piece of historiography, offering Lincoln scholars and historians generally an opportunity to reflect on the varied directions and range of topics that have been pursued in recent years. Pinskers findings suggest persuasively that the field has undergone notable reorientation over time, both in subject matter and in sources; issues previously regarded as settled have been forcefully reopened and sources previously disparaged or discredited are be ing reconsidered. Because knowledge and understanding are always in flux the one "true path" has not, of course, been found and the prevailing wisdom is never unassailable. What follows are some brief observations on a few of the matters addressed in Pinsker 's survey. One of the developments that he identifies?a resurgence of interest in Abraham Lin coln's personal life?would surely have seemed misguided, and perhaps even counter productive, to J. G. Randall in 1936, given his assumption that the professional study of history should mainly focus on the subject's public life, in this case, Lincolns political career and his presidential administration. Randall was a great scholar but, like all of us, a product of his time. By his lights, such things as Lincoln s romantic relationships with women, his intense interest in poetry, his emotional vulnerabilities, and his troubled do mestic life were largely distractions, siren songs luring serious students away from what was important about the historical Lincoln. But for scholars working in the field today, who have, in Pinskers words, "pushed deeper into the narrative of Lincolns self-propelled rise," these "distractions" constitute very promising avenues for getting at critical aspects of Lincoln's formative experience and his development over time.1 Although offered as contributions toward the same general goal of better understand ing and appreciating the historical Lincoln, such efforts necessarily alter and expand the research agenda. The lists that both Randall (in 1936) and Mark E. Neely Jr. (in 1979) provided of persons connected to Lincoln for whom biographical information would be helpful, for example, apply almost exclusively to Lincoln's political career. To help further illuminate the personal Lincoln and restore some of what Pinsker calls the "lost connec tive tissue essential for a more dynamic portrait of Lincoln," additional information about a wider range of informants is clearly desirable.2 Take, for example, some potential sources
Hydroxyurea significantly enhances tumor growth delay in vivo with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy.

We have previously demonstrated with several cell lines in vitro that hydroxyurea (HU) synergistically enhances ganciclovir (GCV)-mediated cytotoxicity in bystander cells. In this study, we evaluated the role of DNA synthesis inhibition on enhanced bystander killing and assessed whether addition of HU would improve the efficacy of the HSV-TK/GCV system in vivo. Compared with GCV treatment alone, addition of HU resulted in increased DNA synthesis inhibition and delayed progression through S phase following removal of drug. In a xenograft tumor model, 1:10 and 1:1 mixtures of HSVtk- and LacZ-expressing SW620 cells were injected s.c. in the flanks of nude mice and treated i.p. (100 mg/kg GCV, 1500 mg/kg HU) daily for 5 days. Tumors from mice treated with GCV alone grew rapidly and increased to 10 times their initial size in 15.7 +/- 1.8 and 16.0 +/- 0.9 days for 1:10 and 1:1 mixtures, respectively. However, when both GCV and HU were administered in combination, a single complete tumor regression was observed in both the 1:10 and 1:1 groups. In the remaining mice treated with GCV/HU, it took 23.2 +/- 2.1 (1:10) and 26.4 +/- 3.8 days (1:1) to obtain a similar 10-fold increase in tumor size.
The Urgency of Poverty and the Hope of Genuinely Fair Trade: Surresponse

I am quite surprised that the heart of Mr. Myers’s response is that we need to slow down and ponder the circumstances of the poor more carefully. I find this stance troubling. We have allowed the global poor to twist in the wind for too long. To make matters worse, we often tell them that they need to wait even longer while “wise, caring Westerners” deliberate how best to “fix” them. I am simply not reconciled to this notion. The existences of today’s poor are fragile indeed — so much so that they may not live to see the better day we are slowing down to create for them.
Hemiacidrin Renal Irrigation: Complications and Successful Management

The complications of hemiacidrin irrigation of the kidneys for postoperative residual struvite calculi can test the ingenuity and perseverance of the clinician. The complications encountered during the irrigation of 9 kidneys in 8 patients included Candida urinary tract infection, irrigant extravasation, ureteral obstruction and chemical cystitis. Some causes and the management of these problems are discussed. Although the period of irrigation and the hospitalization are prolonged by these complications hemiacidrin irrigation remains a safe procedure when used meticulously.
Diagnosis and Management of Stroke (Brain Attack)

Clinicians commonly encounter patients with cerebrovascular disorders in the hospital. Now, as never before, there are many effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Several examples of typical cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack are presented in order to illustrate a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment. A redefinition of transient ischemic attack and stroke, salient elements of the neurological history and examination, localization techniques, stroke mimickers, mechanisms of infarction and hemorrhage, acute stroke teams, thrombolysis, and secondary prevention are highlighted.
Advances in Echocardiographic Imaging in Heart Failure With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Echocardiography, given its safety, easy availability, and the ability to permit a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, is an indispensable tool in the evaluation and management of patients with heart failure (HF). From initial phenotyping and risk stratification to providing vital data for guiding therapeutic decision-making and monitoring, echocardiography plays a pivotal role in the care of HF patients. The recent advent of multiparametric approaches for myocardial deformation imaging has provided valuable insights in the pathogenesis of HF, elucidating distinct patterns of myocardial dysfunction and events that are associated with progression from subclinical stage to overt HF. At the same time, miniaturization of echocardiography has further expanded clinical application of echocardiography, with the use of pocket cardiac ultrasound as an adjunct to physical examination demonstrated to improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Furthermore, ongoing advances in the field of big data analytics promise to create an exciting opportunity to operationalize precision medicine as the new approach to healthcare delivery that aims to individualize patient care by integrating data extracted from clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and genetic assessments. The present review summarizes the recent advances in the field of echocardiography, with emphasis on their role in HF phenotyping, risk stratification, and optimizing clinical outcomes.
THE HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION WITH AN UNBOUNDED INHOMOGENEITY

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Hamilton–Jacobi equation with an unbounded inhomogeneity. Physical considerations demand that there must be a scattering theory for the Coulomb potential, and so it was necessary to create a corresponding mathematical theory. This was done by Dollard for the Coulomb potential and was extended to more general long-range potentials. The chapter discusses the resulting theory of dressing transformations. It also discusses the scattering theory. It discusses the existence and properties of the wave operators W± for two self-adjoint operators H and H0 on a complex Hilbert space H. The chapter also discusses the construction of approximate solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation.
Glandular Neoplasia of the Sinonasal Tract.

Abstract Glandular lesions that cannot be diagnosed readily as salivary gland tumors occur uncommonly in the upper aerodigestive tract. They occur only with some frequency within the sinonasal tract. Well-characterized lesions at this site include the respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma, seromucinous hamartoma, and intestinal and non–intestinal-type adenocarcinomas. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of these fascinating lesions.
Five-year overall survival (OS) in non-metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) patients (pts) treated with nilutamide (N), vaccine (V), and combination therapy

3066 Introduction: There is no standard treatment for pts with non-metastatic AIPC (D0.5).We previously performed the first randomized study in this pt population involving N,V, and combination the...
Symbolic manipulation and algorithms in the curriculum of the first two years

Because of computers, something old can go and something new is coming. That much is certain. The disagreements begin when we start making lists, but in the interest of provoking debate, I’ll take the plunge. This paper is divided into two main portions. First we’ll discuss the impact on the curriculum of computers that do symbolic manipulation. These were originally only large mainframe computers. Now, as described for instance, in [1], small personal computers can do it too. The next stage of the revolution will occur when such capability is available on small portable “pocket computers”, and so we will talk about how the classroom environment might change at that time.
Perceiver as polar planimeter: direct perception of jumping, reaching, and jump-reaching affordances for the self and others

Runeson (Scandanavian Journal of Psychology 18:172–179, 1977) suggested that the polar planimeter might serve as an informative model system of perceptual mechanism. The key aspect of the polar planimeter is that it registers a higher order property of the environment without computational mediation on the basis of lower order properties, detecting task-specific information only. This aspect was posited as a hypothesis for the perception of jumping and reaching affordances for the self and another person. The findings supported this hypothesis. The perception of reaching while jumping significantly differed from an additive combination of jump-without-reaching and reach-without-jumping perception. The results are consistent with Gibson’s (The senses considered as perceptual systems, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA; Gibson, The senses considered as perceptual systems, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1966; The ecological approach to visual perception, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA; Gibson, The ecological approach to visual perception, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1979) theory of information—that aspects of the environment are specified by patterns in energetic media.
Are their designs iterative or fixated? Investigating design patterns from student digital footprints in computer-aided design software

This paper investigates iteration and fixation in design by mining digital footprints left by designers. High school students used computer-aided design software to create buildings in an urban area, with the goal of applying passive solar design techniques to ensure optimal solar gains of the buildings throughout a year. Students were required to complete three different designs. Fine-grained data including design actions, intermediate artifacts, and reflection notes were logged. Computational analytics programs were developed to mine the logs through three indicators: (a) frequency of the action of using energy analysis tools; (b) solar performance of the final designs; and (c) difference in solar performance between the prototype and final designs. Triangulating results from the indicators suggests three types of iteration—efficacious, inadequate and ineffective. Over half of the participants were detected as being efficacious iterative during the first design and becoming more and more fixated toward the end of the project, which resonates with previous findings on fixation effect among college students and professional designers. Overall the results demonstrate the power of applying computational analytics to investigate complex design processes. Findings from this work shed light on how to quantitatively assess and research student performance and processes during design projects.
Tools and Techniques of Quality Management: An Empirical Investigation of their Impact on Performance

An investigation of quality management at an operational rather than a strategic level is described. Using a survey of senior quality personnel, data were collected on four aspects of quality: management; quality tools; documentation; and the dimensio..
Multi-view Clustering with Graph Embedding for Connectome Analysis

Multi-view clustering has become a widely studied problem in the area of unsupervised learning. It aims to integrate multiple views by taking advantages of the consensus and complimentary information from multiple views. Most of the existing works in multi-view clustering utilize the vector-based representation for features in each view. However, in many real-world applications, instances are represented by graphs, where those vector-based models cannot fully capture the structure of the graphs from each view. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a Multi-view Clustering framework on graph instances with Graph Embedding (MCGE). Specifically, we model the multi-view graph data as tensors and apply tensor factorization to learn the multi-view graph embeddings, thereby capturing the local structure of graphs. We build an iterative framework by incorporating multi-view graph embedding into the multi-view clustering task on graph instances, jointly performing multi-view clustering and multi-view graph embedding simultaneously. The multi-view clustering results are used for refining the multi-view graph embedding, and the updated multi-view graph embedding results further improve the multi-view clustering. Extensive experiments on two real brain network datasets (i.e., HIV and Bipolar) demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed MCGE approach in multi-view connectome analysis for clinical investigation and application.
Low survival, high predation pressure present conservation challenges for an endangered endemic forest mammal

Abstract Knowledge of which population parameters and mortality risks contribute most to population decline and endangerment is necessary to develop informed and actionable conservation plans for threatened and endangered species (Rushton et al., 2006). The federally endangered Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti grahamensis) is restricted to the Pinaleno Mountains, in southeastern Arizona, USA. The population is critically threatened with extensive habitat loss from fire as well as by an introduced non-native squirrel species, the Abert's squirrel (Sciurus aberti). Recovery is challenged by low survival and poor reproduction, such that the subspecies is functionally semelparous. We calculate survival rates and cause-specific mortality hazards from known-fate individuals to understand the impact of predation on survival and demography in this peripheral population. We document the lowest survival and highest rates of mortality in any population of North American red squirrels in both adult and juvenile age classes (mean annual survival: adults = 0.32, juveniles = 0.26). We attributed the majority of confirmed deaths to avian predation (adults 65%, juveniles 75%), and the daily hazard rate for avian predation was 15 times higher than for mammalian predation and 2 times higher than death from unknown causes. It is likely that the presence of an ecologically similar, non-native tree squirrel subsidizes a diverse avian predator guild, which includes two raptor species of conservation concern. In addition to efforts to remove the non-native Abert's squirrel, we recommend immediate forest restoration efforts in the long term, and habitat augmentation to increase structural complexity, cover, shelter, and food resources in the short term.
Areal Sweep Efficiency Improvement by Integrating Preformed Particle Gel and Low Salinity Water Flooding in Fractured Reservoirs

Abstract The oil recovery from fractured reservoirs is usually low, which is usually caused by the existence of areal formation heterogeneity. Two existing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies, low salinity water flooding (LSWF) and preformed particle gel treatment (PPG), have recently drawn great interest from the oil industry. We integrated both of these technologies into one process to improve both oil displacement and areal sweep efficiency. The objective of this study was to test how the integrated method could be used effectively to increase oil recovery and control water production. The semi-transparent five-spot models, which were made of sandstone cores and acrylic plates, were built. We investigated the effect of four parameters on the improvement of oil recovery and areal sweep efficiency of oil, including gel strength, water salinity, injection rate, and number of fractures. Two approaches were followed during core flooding, sequential mode and mixed mode. The result shows that PPG and LSW injected together as one mixture improved oil recovery factor more than the first approach. PPGs plugged the fractures and successfully improved areal sweep efficiency; however, they have little effect on displacement efficiency. LWSF increased displacement efficiency but had little or no effect on sweep efficiency. The integrated methods bypassed the limitations of each method when used individually and improved both displacement and sweep efficiency.
Is the Awareness of the Aerosol State Useful in Predicting Enhanced Lightning for Lightning-Producing Storms over Northern Alabama?

AbstractThe Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the Terra and Aqua satellites currently provide the largest satellite aerosol dataset f...
The Debate about Judicial Supremacy in Canada and the United States: Defusing the Countermajoritarian Tension?

This paper challenges the notion that judicial review embodies a "countermajoritarian tension." It draws upon cases, judicial opinions and scholarly writings in Canada and the United States to demonstrate that the countermajoritarian tension is more myth than reality.
The Gut Microbiota and Effects on Metabolism

The gut microbiota is a large and diverse community of microbes that contribute to human metabolism in two ways: by providing nutrients and vitamins essential for mammalian viability and promoting maximal extraction of calories from dietary nutrients. Long known to benefit human health, emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota also contributes to human disease, specifically diseases with a metabolic dysfunction – obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Putative mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to obesity and its metabolic complications include microbial effects on (1) short-chain fatty acid production, (2) lipid storage and fat oxidation, (3) conversion of choline into methylamines, (4) metabolism of bile acids, (5) intestinal barrier integrity, and (6) inflammatory signaling through pattern recognition receptors. While the majority of mechanistic studies are confined to animal models, including both in vivo and in vitro approaches, recent advances utilizing fecal microbiota transplants in human obesity research offer potential to study the mechanisms of microbiota-mediated metabolic abnormalities in man. Deliberate manipulation of the gut microbiota holds much promise for the development of novel therapeutics and interventions to modify the gut microbiota and thus improve human health.