cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visionary and artistic transformations in Blake's Visions of the Daughters of Albion

The essay offers a revisionist reading of William Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion in the context of the Renaissance notion of melancholia, and argues that the poem’s main female character, Oothoon, becomes the embodiment of a spiritualized concept of melancholy where imagination is equated with vision and associated with ingenium which corresponds to the Renaissance sapientia.
A vacuum-isolated thermal microflowmeter for in-vivo drug delivery

A thermal microflowmeter has been integrated into a bulk-micromachined recording probe to monitor drug delivery in the central nervous system at the cellular level. The flowmeter uses an arsenic-doped polysilicon heater/sensor supported on a dielectric membrane over the flow channel. It is capped by a vacuum-sealed microchamber to minimize heating of the surrounding tissue and maximize heating efficiency. Efficiencies of 18.8degC/mW in air and 17.4degC/mW in water are achieved. At an input power of 0.18mW, the flowmeter can detect a volumetric flow of 1.3nL/sec for a channel cross-section of 318mum2, corresponding to a flow velocity of 4.2mm/sec
Chemical States of Bacterial Spores: Dry-Heat Resistance

Mature bacterial spores can be manipulated by chemical pretreatments between states sensitive and resistant to dry heat. The two chemical forms of the spore differ in dry-heat resistance by about an order of magnitude. Log survivor curves for each chemical state were approximately straight lines. The temperature dependence of dry-heat resistance for each chemical state was similar to that usually found for dry-heat resistance. A method of testing spore resistance to dry heat has been designed to minimize artifacts resulting from (i) change of chemical state during the test, (ii) effects of water vapor activity, (iii) incomplete recovery of spores from the test container and clumping of spores. Implications of the existence of different chemical resistance states for experimental strategy and testing of dry-heat resistance are discussed.
SNPNB: analyzing neighboring-nucleotide biases on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Summary: SNPNB is a user-friendly and platform-independent application for analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism NeighBoring sequence context and nucleotide bias patterns, and subsequently evaluating the effective SNP size for the bias patterns observed from the whole data. It was implemented by Java and Perl. SNPNB can efficiently handle genome-wide or chromosome-wide SNP data analysis in a PC or a workstation. It provides visualizations of the bias patterns for SNPs or each type of SNPs. Availability: SNPNB and its full description are freely available at http://bioinfo.vipbg.vcu.edu/SNPNB/ Contact: [email protected]
Limited flooding tolerance of juveniles restricts the distribution of adults in an understory shrub (Itea virginica; Iteaceae)

Juvenile plants often have tight microhabitat associations because of specific requirements for seed germination and subsequent establishment. Due to their larger size, adults may be more adept at coping with stress. However, few studies consider the role of ontogeny in structuring plant populations, even though phenotypic expression can change through life history. In cypress-tupelo swamps of the United States, understory species often grow on microsites above floodwaters. In a field survey of one such species, Itea virginica, we found that more than 98% of seedlings occurred on elevated microsites, which were relatively infrequent. However, this strict association relaxed through ontogeny, with nearly 8% of subadults and adults rooted directly on the forest floor. We hypothesized that flooding inhibits juvenile establishment on the forest floor. In greenhouse experiments, we investigated the effects of flooding and substrate on Itea performance. Seeds had similar germination rates on drained swamp soil and cypress knee wood. Seedling growth was high on unflooded soil, but declined precipitously when submerged. Finally, performance of seedlings, but not older plants, decreased with flood severity. Our results highlight the importance of assessing stress tolerance over multiple life history stages because limitations of juveniles can constrain the distribution patterns of future ontogenetic stages.
Neural networks: binary monotonic and multiple-valued

This paper demonstrates how conventional neural networks can be modified, extended or generalized by introducing basic notions of multiple-valued logic to the definition of neurons. It has been shown that multilevel neurons produce useful attractor-type neural networks and lead to multistable memory cells. This opens up a possibility of storing a multiplicity of logic levels in a "generalized" Hopfield memory. Another interesting attractor-type network encodes information in complex output values of the neurons, and specifically, in their phase angles. This network working as a memory is able to recognize many stored grey-level values as output of a single neuron. As such, this network represents an extension of bivalent information processors. Multilevel neurons can also be employed in perceptron type classifiers trained with the error backpropagation algorithm. This offers the advantage that the resulting networks are smaller, with fewer weights and neurons to perform typical classification tasks. This improvement is achieved at a cost of considerable enhancement to the neurons' activation functions.
The scientific study of poetic writing

This aim of this brief paper is to promote the scientific study of creative writing and make it an integral part of the research agenda of the scientific study of literature. This paper focuses on the genre of poetry and is organized around three basic questions: (1) What do we currently know about poetry writing? (2) Why study poetry writing? (3) How can poetry writing be studied? Together the answers to these questions provide a rationale for the proposed research agenda and an overview of ways in which this project can be accomplished. A review of the literature on poetry writing reveals a process which involves extensive revision within a recursive writing process that reaffirms the characterization of poetry as a genre that combines attention to meaning with attention to form.
Power line frequency field measurements in and about an office building located near a 240 kV transmission line

Measurements of power line frequency fields resulting from an alley on (vertical-conductor orientation), high-voltage transmission line located approximately 30 ft from the recently occupied New Orleans Corps of Engineers District office building are presented. Two sets of measurements were made, the first after completion of construction and immediately preceding occupation, and the second approximately a year later with the building in use. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the data are discussed. Comparison of the electric field on the exterior of the building to that inside the building shows a considerable reduction. >
A fair resource allocation algorithm for peer-to-peer overlays

Over the past few years, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become very popular for constructing overlay networks of many nodes (peers) that allow users geographically distributed to share data and resources. One non-trivial question is how to distribute the data in a fair and fully decentralized manner among the peers. This is important because it can improve resource usage, minimize network latencies and reduce the volume of unnecessary traffic incurred in large-scale P2P systems. In this paper we present a technique for fair resource allocation in unstructured peer-to-peer systems. Our technique uses the fairness index of a distribution as a measure of fairness and shows how to optimize the fairness of the distribution using only local decisions. Load balancing is achieved by replicating documents across multiple nodes in the system. Our experimental results demonstrate that our technique is scalable, has low overhead and achieves good load balance even under skewed demand.
Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

E A a n ffective postoperative analgesia is important from the atient’s perspective and can also improve clinical outomes. Recent surveys report only modest success in roviding suitable analgesia, as 30% to 86% of surgical atients report moderate to severe pain after a surgical rocedure. Although “advanced” analgesic techniques, uch as epidural analgesia or perineural catheters, can rovide superior analgesia, many of these analgesic moalities are labor-intensive and expensive. A promising odality that might help improve postoperative analgeia is the relatively simple technique in which the sureon directly places a catheter to infuse local anesthetic nto wounds at the end of the procedure. This modality an be widely used, is technically efficient, offers the otential to provide complete analgesia or to substanially reduce the need for opioids and their related side ffects, can be used for several days, and can now, with he introduction of new portable pumps, be used on an mbulatory basis. Although there are multiple reports nd small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examinng use of continuous wound catheters in multiple surical procedures, there have been conflicting reports of he overall efficacy, and no single, large RCT has defintively assessed the risk benefit of this modality. We conucted this systematic review of randomized trials to etermine the efficacy of this modality.
Tackling Child Neglect: A Role for Pediatricians

Child neglect, the most prevalent form of maltreatment, poses challenges for pediatricians. There often is uncertainty regarding what constitutes neglect and how best to address it. The complexity is compounded by the many ways neglect can manifest. This article first discusses why neglect is so important a concern and then provides definitional considerations and a description of forms of neglect. Next presented are principles for assessing and addressing neglect and suggestions for prevention and advocacy.
Bacterial endotoxins and pathogenesis of Gram-negative infections: current status and future direction

100 years after the discovery of a bacterial 'endotoxin', 50 years after the introduction of antibiotics and 25 years after the routine use of intensive care units to support septic shock patients,...
Measuring complex spectra of long-period surface waves for earthquake source analysis

Long-period surface waves from large earthquakes can provide reliable estimates of the source depth, rupture dura- tion, seismic moment, and fault orientation. This requires accu- rate surface wave phase and amplitude spectra and precise propa- gation corrections. Standard procedures for estimating spectra of traveling waves in source analyses are inaccurate for periods exceeding 300 s, so the longer periods are usually analyzed by free oscillation analysis if at all. We apply a multiple filter analysis to extract complex spectra for periods up to 500 s suit- able for traveling wave spectral inversions. This will allow improved constraints on the rupture process of large earthquakes to be obtained by inversion methods using a single formalism.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Evolution in Penstemon subg. Dasanthera (Veronicaceae)

Abstract Penstemon subgenus Dasanthera is a group of nine species distributed at high elevations in western North America. Hybridization is common in the subgenus when two or more species occur in sympatry. We examined evolutionary trends and the importance of hybridization to the evolution in the subgenus. Phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns among members of Penstemon subgenus Dasanthera were assessed using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast matK sequence data, and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. These data support previous hypotheses suggesting that the Cascade-Sierra Nevada lineage is derived from the northern Rocky Mountain lineage. Furthermore, there is a shift in growth form from suffructescent perennials to evergreen subshrubs concurrent with migration to the Cascade-Sierra Nevada mountains. Within the Cascade-Sierra lineage, P. newberryi and P. rupicola exhibit floral characters that may represent adaptations for hummingbird pollination. The ISSR data demonstrate the utility of...
Accessing Rydberg-dressed interactions using many-body Ramsey dynamics

We demonstrate that Ramsey spectroscopy can be used to observe Rydberg-dressed interactions in a many-body system well within experimentally measured lifetimes, in contrast to previous research, which either focused on interactions near F\"orster resonances or on few-atom systems. We build a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ from one level that is Rydberg-dressed and another that is not. These levels may be hyperfine or long-lived electronic states. An Ising spin model governs the Ramsey dynamics, which we demonstrate can be used to characterize the Rydberg-dressed interactions. Furthermore, the dynamics can differ significantly from that observed in other spin systems. As one example, spin echo can increase the rate at which coherence decays. The results also apply to bare (undressed) Rydberg states as a special case, for which we quantitatively reproduce recent ultrafast experiments without fitting.
Bitter taste receptors confer diverse functions to neurons

Insects and other animals use their sense of taste to tell if their food is safe to eat. Plant toxins, for example, often have a bitter flavor that animals can detect and avoid. Fruit flies have many bitter-sensitive nerve cells, but it is not known how the receptors on these nerve cells signal the detection of bitter-flavored compounds. Delventhal and Carlson have now used fruit flies to investigate how taste receptors of the so-called Gustatory receptor family detect bitter flavors. The experimental approach involved genetically modifying four different types of nerve cells that sense bitter compounds so that they produced higher levels of particular taste receptors than normal. Then, the flies were exposed to a range of bitter compounds while the electrical activity of each cell was measured. The analysis involved about 600 combinations of receptors, nerve cells and compounds. In some bitter-sensing nerve cells, increasing the number of taste receptors increased the cell’s responsiveness to bitter compounds. However, in other nerve cells, similar modifications suppressed an existing response or resulted in a new response. Delventhal and Carlson propose that these results suggest the specific response of a bitter-sensing nerve cell depends on the interactions between its different taste receptors. Furthermore, the ability of receptors to compete, inhibit or activate each other in different ways could have implications for evolution. For example, such flexible interactions might allow a taste system to evolve new, enhanced or diminished responses to new food sources and tastes in a changing environment. It now remains to be investigated how such receptor interactions take place at a molecular level.
Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Tetracycline Residues in Milk Using Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography

A method was developed for the determination of 7 tetracyclines in milk. Raw milk samples are defatted, acidified, and centrifuged to remove proteins, and the tetracyclines are specifically absorbed from the milk by chelation with metal ions bound to small Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow columns. The tetracyclines are removed from these columns with EDTA-containing buffer, and the extracts are further cleaned up by centrifugal ultrafiltration. Finally, the extracts are concentrated and analyzed simultaneously by on-line concentration. This method has limits of detection for individual tetracyclines of < 5 ng/mL and was validated with fortified milk samples at 15, 30, and 60 ng/mL. Recoveries exceeded 60% for all tetracyclines at all levels, with good precision. The method was also tested on milk from cows dosed with each of the tetracyclines. Advantages of this method over existing methods include its sensitivity, minimal use of organic solvents, and speed; with an autosampler, at least 14 samples can be processed and analyzed in 1 day.
The military and the new biology

U.S. military interest in new chemical and biological technologies—especially recombinant DNA and binary nerve gases—threatens to revive a deadly arms race that was once on the wane.
On the Identity of Polyporus Lacteus

A white species of Tyromyces with a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, with a disagreeable taste, and the cause of a brown rot of the wood of both angiosperms and gymnosperms, is proposed as the original concept of Polyporus lacteus Fr. It is considered specifically distinct from the morphologically similar T. tephroleucus which is mild in taste and causes a white rot. Descriptions of the basidiocarp and cultures are given.
Forecasting streamflow response to increased imperviousness in an urbanizing Midwestern watershed using a coupled modeling approach

Abstract Increased impervious surface (IS) cover is often the primary disturbance contributing to altered hydrology in urbanizing watersheds, affecting various components of the hydrologic balance. To improve the understanding of how future urban development will influence watershed streamflow characteristics, and to develop growth strategies that preserve water resources, it is necessary to combine detailed estimates of future IS cover with hydrologic models. A coupled modeling approach is presented to help address this problem. Pixel-based percentage IS cover for the period 2011–2031 was derived using the Imperviousness Change Analysis Tool (I-CAT) for three urban growth scenarios and coupled with the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the potential hydrologic impacts of future urbanization in Hinkson Creek watershed, located in the Midwestern U.S. state of Missouri. Increases to average annual streamflow (+12.81% to +19.74%), increases to average annual surface runoff (+14.32% to +16.77%), reductions to evapotranspiration (−8.68% to −13.37%), and slight increases to baseflow were observed for the three growth scenarios. The approach used here created a range of possible future conditions for the study watershed and presented a framework that allows planners to couple realistic IS cover estimates with hydrologic models. Additionally, this study emphasized that a controlled, more environmentally conscious growth pattern does not necessarily produce less pronounced hydrologic impacts for the study watershed compared to an uncontrolled growth pattern, underscoring the importance of considering neighboring watersheds when analyzing the hydrologic impacts of urban development for an area.
Chapter 14 – Mid-Holocene culture and climate on the Northwest Coast of North America

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the cultural dynamics as a result of climatic changes in the Northwest Coast of North America. It reviews the paleoclimatic and archaeological records of this region to establish possible causal relationships between them. It suggests that on the Northwest Coast of North America, the middle Holocene was a time of changing climate and culture. The mid-Holocene climate of the Northwest Coast was cooler and wetter than the early Holocene, but warmer and somewhat drier than today. 5800 cal yr BP (5000 14C yr BP) is viewed as a major turning point in the prehistory of the Northwest Coast. Compared to the early Holocene, during the mid-Holocene the number of archaeological sites increased, their average size was larger, and shell middens became common, preserving bone and antler technologies as well as abundant faunal remains. To explain this, the study presents a synthesis of mid-Holocene environmental history based on records of pollen, plant macrofossil, charcoal, limnologic, glacial, and marine sediments. It indicates that the environmental changes during the transition from early Holocene to mid-Holocene and then late Holocene were registered throughout the Northwest Coast, and superimposed on these long-term shifts, were climate variations that took place more locally on annual-to-centennial time scales. Finally, it suggests a collaboration and frequent data sharing between paleoecologists and archaeologists as an obvious first step in approaching the effects of climate change on culture.
Abstract 3735: A novel ALDH1A selective inhibitor induces necroptosis in ovarian cancer stem-like cells

Background: The high relapse rate in ovarian cancer patients is highly consistent with a cancer stem cell (CSC) model in which rare, inherently chemoresistant CSC are capable of proliferating and differentiating to cause disease. We recently demonstrated ovarian CSC (OvCSC) can be defined by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity. ALDH expression is increased in chemotherapy resistant OvCSC and ALDH KO can reverse chemotherapy resistance. While ALDH inhibitors exist, they are not isoform specific. We therefore identified and screened numerous putative ALDH inhibitors, based on molecular homology to the known ALDH inhibitor DEAB, and assessed their impact on OvCSC. Methods and Results: While most ALDH inhibitors, including DEAB, had no impact on CSC, we identified a novel compound, 673A which specifically depletes OvCSC in vitro. Supporting functional depletion of OvCSC, treatment of primary tumor ascites resulted in 4-20 fold decrease tumor sphere formation. ALDH inhibition is highly synergistic with cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo as assessed by cell growth curves and tumor growth. Pre-treatment of tumor cells with 673 significantly reduced tumor in tumor initiation and growth rates. Unlike non-CSC depleting ALDH inhibitors, 673A is a pan-ALDH1A isoform specific inhibitor with IC50 Conclusions: We have identified a novel ALDH inhibitor, 673A, which selective inhibits three ALDH1A isoforms. 673A mediated ALDH1A isoform inhibition triggers programmed cell necrosis of OvCSC. Our data suggest that pan ALDH1A1 targeted therapy this may be a powerful new therapeutic approach to target OvCSC and bypass their resistance to apoptosis inducing drugs. Future studies will elucidate the importance of mitochondria metabolic pathways (Glycolysis, OXPHOS, and TCA cycle) in ALDH inhibition-induced necroptosis. Citation Format: Ilana Chefetz-Menaker, Kun Yang, Ron Buckanovich. A novel ALDH1A selective inhibitor induces necroptosis in ovarian cancer stem-like cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3735.
The Online Participation Divide

Women, members of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, and those of lower socioeconomic status tend to contribute to online conversations at lower levels. Such unequal participation then results in the underrepresentation of certain perspectives on the many user-generated content platforms that hundreds of millions of people peruse on a daily basis. Also, as more and more studies rely on automatically generated log data, or so-called “big data,” from such sites to study social behavior, the perspectives of people not participating on sites are also less likely to show up in an increasing number of scientific studies that may then form the basis of policy interventions.
A method for identifying color vision deficiency malingering.

To propose a new test to identify color vision deficiency malingering. An online survey was distributed to 130 truly color vision deficient participants and 160 participants willing to simulate color vision deficiency. The survey contained three sets of six color-adjusted versions of the standard Ishihara color plates each, as well as one set of six control plates. The plates that best discriminated both participant groups were selected for a “balanced” test emphasizing both sensitivity and specificity. A “specific” test that prioritized high specificity was also created by selecting from these plates. Statistical measures of the test (sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index) were assessed at each possible cut-off threshold, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) function with its area under the curve (AUC) charted. The redshift plate set was identified as having the highest difference of means between groups (−58%, CI: −64 to −52%), as well as the widest gap between group modes. Statistical measures of the “balanced” test show an optimal cut-off of at least two incorrectly identified plates to suggest malingering (Youden index: 0.773, sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 94.0%, AUC of ROC 0.918). The “specific” test was able to identify color vision deficiency simulators with a specificity of 100% when using a cut-off of at least two incorrectly identified plates (Youden index 0.599, sensitivity 59.9%, specificity 100%, AUC of ROC 0.881). Our proposed test for identifying color vision deficiency malingering demonstrates a high degree of reliability with AUCs of 0.918 and 0.881 for the “balanced” and “specific” tests, respectively. A cut-off threshold of at least two missed plates on the “specific” test was able to identify color vision deficiency simulators with 100% specificity.
Utility of MiRNA Profile for Predicting Recurrence of Rectal Cancer

Background In early-stage rectal cancer, the surgeon must decide between the high morbidity of radical surgery and the high recurrence rates of local excision. A prognostic marker could improve patient selection and lower recurrence rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small RNAs that often inhibit tumor suppressors, have shown prognostic potential in colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that high miRNA levels in malignant tissue from early-stage rectal cancer patients could predict recurrence after local excision.
The Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been extensively studied as drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases, but less is known about their role in healthy neurons. We tested zinc-dependent HDACs using RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster and found memory deficits with RPD3 and HDAC6. We demonstrate that HDAC6 is required in both the larval and adult stages for normal olfactory memory retention. Neuronal expression of HDAC6 rescued memory deficits, and we demonstrate that the N-terminal deacetylase (DAC) domain is required for this ability. This suggests that deacetylation of synaptic targets associated with the first DAC domain, such as the active-zone scaffold Bruchpilot, is required for memory retention. Finally, electrophysiological experiments at the neuromuscular junction reveal that HDAC6 mutants exhibit a partial block of homeostatic plasticity, suggesting that HDAC6 may be required for the stabilization of synaptic strength. The learning deficit we observe in HDAC6 mutants could be a behavioral consequence of these synaptic defects.
Methods guiding stakeholder engagement in planning a pragmatic study on changing stroke systems of care.

Background: The Comprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services (COMPASS) Study is one of the first large pragmatic randomized-controlled clinical trials using comparative effectiveness research methods, funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. In the COMPASS Study, we compare the effectiveness of a patient-centered, transitional care intervention versus usual care for stroke patients discharged home from acute care. Outcomes include stroke patient post-discharge functional status and caregiver strain 90 days after discharge, and hospital readmissions. A central tenet of Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded research is stakeholder engagement throughout the research process. However, evidence on how to successfully implement a pragmatic trial that changes systems of care in combination with robust stakeholder engagement is limited. This combination is not without challenges. Methods: We present our approach for broad-based stakeholder engagement in the context of a pragmatic trial with the participation of patients, caregivers, community stakeholders, including the North Carolina Stroke Care Collaborative hospital network, and policy makers. To maximize stakeholder engagement throughout the COMPASS Study, we employed a conceptual model with the following components: (1) Patient and Other Stakeholder Identification and Selection; (2) Patient and Other Stakeholder Involvement Across the Spectrum of Research Activities; (3) Dedicated Resources for Patient and Other Stakeholder Involvement; (4) Support for Patient and Other Stakeholder Engagement Through Organizational Processes; (5) Communication with Patients and Other Stakeholders; (6) Transparent Involvement Processes; (7) Tracking of Engagement; and (8) Evaluation of Engagement. Conclusion: In this paper, we describe how each component of the model is being implemented and how this approach addresses existing gaps in the literature on strategies for engaging stakeholders in meaningful and useful ways when conducting pragmatic trials.
I am not myself: understanding illness as unhomelike being-in-the-world.

We consult our doctors for expert medical advice, not phenomenological analysis, but perhaps a wide gulf ought not separate empirical science and research from phenomenological reflection and analysis on illness.
Nonlinear Attenuation of S Waves by Frictional Failure at Shallow Depths

Abstract Strong S waves produce dynamic stresses, which bring the shallow subsurface into nonlinear anelastic failure. The construct of coulomb friction yields testable predictions about this process for strong‐motion records. Physically, the anelastic strain rate increases rapidly with increasing dynamic stress, and dynamic stress is proportional to the difference between total strain and anelastic strain. Nonlinear models of vertically propagating S waves in layered media confirmed and illustrated analytical inferences. The effective coefficient of friction bounds (clips amplitude) the resolved horizontal acceleration normalized to the acceleration of gravity. There is a tendency for the random signal from vertically propagating S waves to become transiently circularly polarized at the maximum (clipped) resolved acceleration, as the acceleration component perpendicular to the current acceleration adds weakly the resolved acceleration. Frictional attenuation does not preferentially suppress high‐frequency signal; it cannot be modeled by increasing ordinary linear attenuation. In addition, an effect of shallow cohesion is to allow brief pulses of strong high‐frequency acceleration to reach the surface. Frictional attenuation within deep overpressured aquifers suppresses shaking recorded at the surface, but does not simply clip amplitude at a given resolved acceleration. The anelastic strain rate increases slowly with stress within shallow muddy sediments. The accelerations from reverberations within such layers can exceed 1 g .
Management of Ocular Surface Allergic Diseases

Allergic eye disease encompasses a spectrum of distinct but overlapping conditions. It includes acute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), as well as the chronic conditions of perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). All the allergic eye diseases involve IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity, leading to varying degrees of itching, redness, and tearing as common ocular surface symptoms in these patients. However, AKC and VKC are distinct from seasonal and perennial allergic disease in that the immune mechanisms in AKC and VKC are much more complex. In both conditions, a T-cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity response, as well as activation of other inflammatory cytokine pathways, leads to more severe and prolonged conjunctival inflammation, as well as corneal involvement (Foster et al. Ophthalmology 1991;98(8):1190–1196). Here we will discuss several cases of allergic eye disease, including their diagnosis and management, with emphasis on distinguishing among the different types of allergic eye diseases.
Building Capacity for Evidence-Based Public Health: Reconciling the Pulls of Practice and the Push of Research

Timely implementation of principles of evidence-based public health (EBPH) is critical for bridging the gap between discovery of new knowledge and its application. Public health organizations need sufficient capacity (the availability of resources, structures, and workforce to plan, deliver, and evaluate the preventive dose of an evidence-based intervention) to move science to practice. We review principles of EBPH, the importance of capacity building to advance evidence-based approaches, promising approaches for capacity building, and future areas for research and practice. Although there is general agreement among practitioners and scientists on the importance of EBPH, there is less clarity on the definition of evidence, how to find it, and how, when, and where to use it. Capacity for EBPH is needed among both individuals and organizations. Capacity can be strengthened via training, use of tools, technical assistance, assessment and feedback, peer networking, and incentives. Modest investments in EBPH capacity building will foster more effective public health practice.
Ethanol Metabolism and Pathophysiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease

The hepatocyte contains three main pathways for ethanol metabolism, each located in a different subcellular compartment: the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway of the cytosol or the soluble fraction of the cell, the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system located in the endoplasmic reticulum, and catalase located in the peroxisomes (Fig. 1).
Assessment of temperature and ultraviolet radiation effects on sunburn incidence at an inland U.S. Beach: A cohort study.

Abstract Background Increases in outdoor temperature may lead to increases in sunburn, outdoor exposure, and skin cancer in human populations. Objective This study aimed to quantify sunburn incidence and risk for Ohio beachgoers exposed to varying outdoor conditions. Methods Sunburn incidence data were obtained through a prospective cohort study at East Fork Lake (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA). Recruitment occurred over 26 weekend days. Beach interviews and follow-up telephone interviews obtained exposure and health information. New sunburns were self-reported 8–9 days post-enrollment. Survey data were paired with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) index and temperature data for statistical analysis. Results Among 947 beachgoers, new sunburns were reported in 18% of swimmers. Sunburn incidence was associated with temperature (odds ratio = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1 – 1.4) and UVR index (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0 – 2.5) in models adjusted for water exposure, arrival time, and beach visit frequency. Some evidence of a temperature+UVR interaction was observed. Limitations Exposure and sunburn data were self-reported without clinical diagnosis and date of onset. The follow-up period enabled sunburns to be reported from a variety of days rather than only the beach visit day thereby limiting interpretation. Sun protection behaviors were not evaluated. Conclusions Temperature and UVR influence sunburn frequency. Temperature, however was more strongly associated with sunburn in beachgoers than the nearest measured UVR index, suggesting future investigations are needed to better understand how temperature effects sunburn development. Interventions for decreasing sunburn are needed.
Increasing Cardiac Contractility after Myocardial Infarction Exacerbates Cardiac Injury and Pump Dysfunction

Myocardial infarction (MI) induces cardiac remodeling and leads to poor cardiac pump function. Increasing the contractility of the surviving myocytes is one therapy thought to improve the function of failing heart. However, the excess sympathetic activity in heart failure coupled with increased inotropic therapy could induce cell death and exacerbate cardiac dysfunction. In this study we tested the effects of increasing Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) in the post MI heart on myocyte contractility, cardiac function and remodeling.Methods: Double transgenic mouse lines with inducible (Tet-off) and cardiac myocyte specific (αMHC promoter) expression of the β2a subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel were used. MI was produced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In-vivo cardiac function was measured with the Visual Sonics Velvo 770 system. Myocytes were isolated and LTCC Current (ICa-L) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured in wild type (WT) and β2a hearts before, and 3 weeks after MI. Results: Echo measurements showed decreased heart function in both groups after MI, but β2a mice had significantly lower ejection fraction (EF) and larger left ventricular internal diameter (LVID) than WT mice (EF: 24.7% vs.42.6%; LVID: 5.2 mm vs. 4.2 mm). ICa-L and FS were greater in uninfarcted myocytes from β2a vs WT mice (ICa-L 24.5±1.7 vs.13.7±1.8 pA/pF FS: 12.31±1.15% vs. 9.0±0.5%). 3 weeks after MI, ICa-L and FS in myocytes from both groups were decreased, but β2a myocytes still had significantly higher ICa-L and FS than in WT myocytes (β2a vs. Control: 18.37±1.90 vs.11.57±0.77 pA/pF and 12.05±0.74% vs. 7.16±0.99%). Conclusions: Increasing Ca2+ influx through the LTCC in the post MI heart increases myocyte contractility but depresses cardiac pump function, possibly by increasing myocyte death.
RECURRENT BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION FROM SUSAC SYNDROME: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Purpose We report a patient with branch retinal artery occlusion predominant Susac syndrome and review the literature on current diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approaches for this rare condition. Methods Case report. Results A 23-year-old white male presented with a 5-month history of a scotoma in his right eye vision, headaches, and intermittent paresthesias of the lower extremities. Ophthalmic examination was normal with the exception of a hypopigmented small retinal area inferonasal to the fovea in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated inner retinal atrophy and optical coherence tomography angiography showed deep capillary layer vessel dropout in both eyes. Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography revealed bilateral arteriolar wall hyperfluorescence. Corpus callosal lesions were present on magnetic resonance imaging. Lumbar puncture demonstrated elevated protein. Audiogram was normal. A diagnosis of Susac syndrome was made. The patient initially received oral steroids followed by intravenous steroids and mycophenolate mofetil because of new branch retinal artery occlusions. Thirteen months after initial presentation, the vision was stable at 20/20 in both eyes. Conclusion It is a diagnostic challenge when recurrent branch retinal artery occlusion secondary to Susac syndrome presents without the classic symptoms. Optical coherence tomography angiography and subtle magnetic resonance imaging findings aided in early recognition of the diagnosis in our patient. Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography was an important tool in disease monitoring. Aggressive management with intravenous corticosteroids and initiation of immunosuppression resulted in long-term preservation of vision and improvement in visual field.
Molecular dynamics studies of ion beam implantation and patterning of silicon: Effect of noble gas cluster formation

The use of energetic ion beams to induce nanopattern formation at surfaces has been well studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, the influence on morphological evolution of the implanted species themselves remains little understood, particularly in the case when the incident ion species does not interact chemically with the target material. In this work, MD simulation results are presented for cumulative ion bombardment of Si to a fluence of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ or more for a range of incident ion energies (20--1000 eV), angles ($0\ensuremath{-}{85}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$), and species (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). For most cases, the implanted ions are observed to form gas clusters or bubbles beneath the surface as the fluence increases. The implantation and cluster formation decrease in magnitude with increasing ion incidence angle, and remain fairly similar for the heavier-than-Si species (Ar, Kr, and Xe). However, the implantation and cluster formation are much more prominent for Ne irradiation. As the fluence continues to increase beyond $\ensuremath{\sim}1{0}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, the gas clusters begin to become exposed to the vacuum as the Si layers trapping the gas atoms are eroded by the incident ions. The exposed gas clusters then degas very rapidly, leading to disruption at the surface and to viscous material flow of Si into the void left behind. Comparison to dynamic binary collision approximation (BCA) simulations indicates that cluster formation and degassing contributes to a wide distribution of single-impact emission yields of implanted ions, contrary to intuitive expectations based on BCA simulations. Notably, the increased size and frequency of many-atom implanted ion emission events contributes to a much lower concentration of the implanted species than is otherwise expected from BCA simulations. Additionally, this cluster degassing phenomenon is conjectured to provide a potential ``antipatterning'' mechanism by disrupting or destroying nanopattern ``seeds'' at the surface. This could provide an additional mechanism to improve model predictions of critical angles for patterning transitions, and may also provide at least a partial explanation for the difficulty of obtaining patterns on Ne-bombarded Si surfaces.
Terahertz Metamaterial Structures Fabricated by PolyMUMPs

We present a novel approach for the fabrication of terahertz (THz) metamaterial structures utilizing PolyMUMPs, a foundry process commonly used in the fabrication of microelectricalmechanical systems (MEMS) devices. The structure has an alternating composition consisting of three polysilicon layers and two silicon dioxide layers each with a unique thickness. A split ring resonator (SRR) structure was fabricated with dimensions to support resonance around 5 THz. The structures were arrayed to cover a 1 cm2 area. The backside of the samples was polished to improve the transmission characteristics of the material during Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements. The data indicates a transmission null around 3.7 THz due to the periodic arrangement of the SRR structures. These results are encouraging for future use of PolyMUMPs in terahertz metamaterial designs which is ideal for the repeatability the manufacturing process lends to the design.
Pharmacologic Reversal Agents

Management of antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapy in patients undergoing dental procedures involves balancing the risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Variability in mechanism of action of commonly employed outpatient anticoagulant medications has increased over the past several years. While many patients may be able to have dental procedures performed on therapeutic anticoagulant therapy, providers must be aware of specific supportive care and reversal techniques to match each patient’s individual scenario. An overview of commonly employed and anticipated FDA-approved anticoagulant reversal agents, including indications and dosing, is provided.
The Fall and Rise of the Welsh Bards, or, How the English Became British

This chapter explores the mutual influence of Evan Evans and Thomas Gray. The chapter begins with a history of Welsh letters, including its bardic and prophetic traditions as expressions of resistance against Saxon conquest and English empire. The early modern use of the pre-Saxon Church of the Britons, i.e. the Welsh, provides the comparative basis for identifying changes in eighteenth-century British thought regarding time and mediation. The chapter then turns to Evans’s Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Antient Welsh Bards and his discovery of Y Gododdin, which provided the raw material for Gray’s Welsh imitations. Gray’s “The Bard” is treated as a poem of Welsh prophecy. His Norse and Welsh imitations are read closely with regard to their relationship to his literary-historical researches.
Application of Floquet-Magnus and Fer expansion approaches during spin-locking radiation in solid-state NMR

Abstract We apply and compare two potential expansion schemes that are developing in the field of NMR, namely, the Floquet-Magnus and Fer expansions. We use these expansion schemes for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators. We present an important iterative approach for the Floquet-Magnus expansion. While both approaches are powerful methods, there are subtle differences among them. To understand these differences, we performed explicit calculations for the multiple-pulse spin-locking experiment. Our work unifies and generalizes existing results of Floquet-Magnus and Fer approaches and delivers illustrations of novel springs that boost previous applications that are based on the classical information.
Spatial capture-recapture reveals age- and sex-specific survival and movement in stream amphibians.

Life-history information sets the foundation for our understanding of ecology and conservation requirements. For many species, this information is lacking even for basic demographic rates such as survival and movement. When survival and movement estimates are available, they are often derived from mixed demographic groups and do not consider differences among life stages or sexes, which is critical, because life stages and sexes often contribute differentially to population dynamics. We used hierarchical models informed with spatial capture–mark–recapture data of Ascaphus montanus (Rocky Mountain tailed frog) in five streams and A. truei (coastal tailed frog) in one stream to estimate variation in survival and movement by sex and age, represented by size. By incorporating survival and movement into a single model, we were able to estimate both parameters with limited bias. Annual survival was similar between sexes of A. montanus [females = 0.885 (95% CI 0.614–1), males = 0.901 (0.657–1)], but was slightly higher for female A. truei [0.836 (0.560–0.993)] than for males [0.664 (0.354–0.962)]. Survival of A. montanus peaked at mid-age, suggesting that lower survival of young and actuarial senescence may influence population demographics. Our models suggest that younger A. montanus moved farther than older individuals, and that females moved farther than males in both species. Our results provide uncommon insight into age- and sex-specific rates of survival and movement that are crucial elements of life-history strategies and are important for modeling population growth and prescribing conservation actions.
RuDaS: Synthetic Datasets for Rule Learning and Evaluation Tools.

Logical rules are a popular knowledge representation language in many domains, representing background knowledge and encoding information that can be derived from given facts in a compact form. However, rule formulation is a complex process that requires deep domain expertise,and is further challenged by today's often large, heterogeneous, and incomplete knowledge graphs. Several approaches for learning rules automatically, given a set of input example facts,have been proposed over time, including, more recently, neural systems. Yet, the area is missing adequate datasets and evaluation approaches: existing datasets often resemble toy examples that neither cover the various kinds of dependencies between rules nor allow for testing scalability. We present a tool for generating different kinds of datasets and for evaluating rule learning systems, including new performance measures.