cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Temporal Memory based One-pass Learning for Real-Time Anomaly Detection and Simultaneous Data Prediction in Smart Grids

A neuro-cognitive inspired architecture based on the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is proposed for anomaly detection and simultaneous data prediction in real-time for smart grid μPMU data. The key technical idea is that the HTM learns a sparse distributed temporal representation of sequential data that turns out to be very useful for anomaly detection and simultaneous data prediction in real-time. Our results show that the proposed HTM can predict anomalies within 83%-90% accuracy for three different application profiles, namely Standard, Reward Few False Positive, Reward Few False Negative for two different datasets. We show that the HTM is competitive to five state-of-the-art algorithms for anomaly detection. Moreover, for the multi-step prediction in the online setting, the same HTM achieves a low 0.0001 normalized mean square error, a low negative log-likelihood score of 1.5 and is also competitive to six state-of-the-art prediction algorithms. We demonstrate that the same HTM model can be used for both the tasks and can learn online in one-pass, in an unsupervised fashion and adapt to changing statistics. The other state-of-the-art algorithms are either less accurate or are limited to one of the tasks or cannot learn online in one-pass, and adapt to changing statistics.
CLB18: A New Structural Database with Unusual Carbon–Carbon Long Bonds

Abstract We introduce a new database called Carbon Long Bond 18 (CLB18), composed of 18 structures with one long C–C bond. We use this new database to evaluate the performance of several low-cost methods commonly used for geometry optimization of medium and large molecules. We found that the long bonds in CLB18 are electronically different from those found in barrier heights databases. We also report the unexpected correlation between the results of CLB18 and those of the energetics of spin states in transition-metal complexes. Given this unique property, CLB18 can be a useful tool for assessing existing electronic structure calculation methods and developing new ones.
Double Vision

When evaluating a patient with a complaint of double vision, it is important to distinguish monocular versus binocular diplopia, which are differentiated by asking the patient to cover each eye separately. In the setting of binocular double vision, one of the two images disappears when either eye is covered, because diplopia is the result of ocular misalignment. On the other hand, monocular double vision resolves when the affected eye is covered, but remains when the opposite eye is occluded. Causes of monocular diplopia include cataract, refractive error, and retinal disease, which can be managed accordingly by an ophthalmologist [1, Class III]. However, an unusual form of monocular double vision can occur in the setting of cortical dysfunction. Cerebral polyopia describes the perception of multiple images and arises from an occipital disturbance. It can occur with migraine headaches and can be accompanied by a homonymous hemianopia. Palinopsia refers to the persistence of an image that is no longer in view (visual perseveration or stroboscopic effect) and results from an occipital lesion as well. The exact mechanism of polyopia and palinopsia are uncertain and both conditions are extremely rare.
Second-Order Phase Transitions

Conduction electrons in metals are nearly free. That is largely due to the fact that the positive ion-core in a metal can be approximated by smearing out so that it can be represented by a uniform background charge. Then in a mean-field type of approximation the ion-core interaction with the electrons almost cancels out the electron–electron interaction. This cancelation leaves the metal effectively to have nearly free, weakly-interacting, electrons. In Sect. 12.1 we describe the Landau theory. It originated with his desire to formulate a theory that is both analytic and obeys the symmetry of the Hamiltonian. Section 12.1.1 deals with Ginzburg’s work who followed Landau and recommended additions should be made to the Landau free energy. He suggested, the free energy \(\varPhi _{\mathrm{T}}\), rather than being given by (12.3), should also include additional terms.
STING agonism enhances anti-tumor immune responses and therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibition in BRCA-associated breast cancer

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exert their efficacy by inducing synthetic lethal effects, as well as cGAS/STING-mediated immune responses in BRCA- and other homologous recombination repair-deficient cancer cells. Here we investigated whether the immunologic and therapeutic effects of PARP inhibition in BRCA-deficient breast cancer models could be augmented by synthetic cyclic dinucleotide agonists of STING. Combined PARP inhibition and STING agonism induced a greater degree of STING pathway activation and proinflammatory cytokine production compared to monotherapies in BRCA1-deficient human and mouse triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. In a mouse model of BRCA1-deficient TNBC, the combination also induced an improved immune response compared to either monotherapy alone, evidenced by a greater degree of cytotoxic T cell recruitment and activation, and enhanced dendritic cell activation and antigen presentation. Nanostring mRNA analysis indicated that combinatorial effects were the result of augmented interferon signaling and antigen processing, as well as of heightened leukocyte and dendritic cell functions. Finally, the combination markedly improved anti-tumor efficacy in vivo compared to monotherapy treatment, with evidence of complete tumor clearance and prolongation of survival. These results support the development of combined PARP inhibition and STING agonism in BRCA-associated breast cancer.
Markov-Chain Approximations of Vector Autoregressions: Application of General Multivariate-Normal Integration Techniques

Abstract Discrete Markov chains are helpful for approximating vector autoregressive processes in computational work. We relax G. Tauchen (1986) [Finite state Markov-chain approximations to univariate and vector autoregressions. Economics Letters 20, 177–181] in practice using multivariate-normal integration techniques to allow for arbitrary positive-semidefinite covariance structures. Examples are provided for non-diagonal and singular non-diagonal error covariances.
A nalyzing diagnostic errors in the acute setting: a process-driven approach

Objectives We describe an approach for analyzing failures in diagnostic processes in a small, enriched cohort of general medicine patients who expired during hospitalization and experienced medical error. Our objective was to delineate a systematic strategy for identifying frequent and significant failures in the diagnostic process to inform strategies for preventing adverse events due to diagnostic error. Methods Two clinicians independently reviewed detailed records of purposively sampled cases identified from established institutional case review forums and assessed the likelihood of diagnostic error using the Safer Dx instrument. Each reviewer used the modified Diagnostic Error Evaluation and Research (DEER) taxonomy, revised for acute care (41 possible failure points across six process dimensions), to characterize the frequency of failure points (FPs) and significant FPs in the diagnostic process. Results Of 166 cases with medical error, 16 were sampled: 13 (81.3%) had one or more diagnostic error(s), and a total of 113 FPs and 30 significant FPs were identified. A majority of significant FPs (63.3%) occurred in "Diagnostic Information and Patient Follow-up" and "Patient and Provider Encounter and Initial Assessment" process dimensions. Fourteen (87.5%) cases had a significant FP in at least one of these dimensions. Conclusions Failures in the diagnostic process occurred across multiple dimensions in our purposively sampled cohort. A systematic analytic approach incorporating the modified DEER taxonomy, revised for acute care, offered critical insights into key failures in the diagnostic process that could serve as potential targets for preventative interventions.
Parasocial relationships as functional social alternatives during pandemic-induced social distancing

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled people to engage in social distancing protocols that increased media exposure and transitioned social interactions to digital spaces, providing a unique context to study the compensation function of parasocial relationships (PSRs) with fictional characters and celebrities. Published analyses from a 4-wave panel survey conducted with U.S. adults (N = 166) during the pandemic revealed that decreased face-to-face interactions and increased mediated interactions with friends predicted PSR growth (Bond, 2021). This study concluded that pandemic-induced reliance on screens to engage with real-life friends may have blurred the cognitive distinctions between real-life friends and liked media personae, thereby strengthening PSRs. The present study aimed to further investigate this line of reasoning by incorporating parasocial interaction (PSI) into a secondary analysis of the longitudinal data. Participant-reported liked media personae were coded for their PSI potential, defined as likelihood of engaging audiences in illusory interactions. Results suggest that PSRs experienced significant growth during the pandemic, particularly PSRs with media personae more likely to invoke PSI among those who also increased their mediated social interactions with real-life friends. These findings support and extend the conclusions of the initial analyses: PSRs may serve a compensation function during social distancing, and increased exposure to real-life friends through screen media may blur the lines between the social and parasocial, increasing the value of PSRs during social distancing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Individuals develop affective bonds with favorite celebrities and fictional characters known as parasocial relationships. Parasocial relationships provide companionship, especially when the liked media personae are depicted performing cues that encourage illusory interactions among viewers and when individuals are dependent on mediated social communication to sustain their real-life social relationships. The function of liked media personae as components of individuals' social circles more closely mimics real-life friends during periods of media dependency and, in turn, could serve beneficial emotional and coping purposes during global crises that stymie social relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Elastic Scattering of 4He from Polarized 3He

Below an excitation energy of 12 MeV in 7Be, the 3He-4He elastic scattering differential cross sectionsl) provide clear evidence for the expected shell model states with p-shell configurations. Only minor changes in the phase shifts determined from the cross section data are required to fit polarized 3He measurements2) up to 9 MeV excitation. In higher energy differential cross section measurements3,4) up to 42 MeV excitation some broad structure is apparent, but attempts to extend the phase shifts to excitation energies above 12 MeV have not been sucessful. Resonating group calculations5) employing an l-dependent phenomenological imaginary potential reproduce the cross section data over a wide energy range and predict a broad l = 2 level at 11.6 MeV and both l = 4 and l = 5 levels near 25 MeV excitation.
Beyond Semantic Accuracy: Preschoolers Evaluate a Speaker’s Reasons

Children’s sensitivity to the quality of epistemic reasons and their selective trust in the more reasonable of 2 informants was investigated in 2 experiments. Three-, 4-, and 5-year-old children (N = 90) were presented with speakers who stated different kinds of evidence for what they believed. Experiment 1 showed that children of all age groups appropriately judged looking, reliable testimony, and inference as better reasons for belief than pretense, guessing, and desiring. Experiment 2 showed that 3- and 4-year-old children preferred to seek and accept new information from a speaker who was previously judged to use the “best” way of thinking. The findings demonstrate that children distinguish certain good from bad reasons and prefer to learn from those who showcased good reasoning in the past.
Knowing a Good Feature When You See It: Ground Truth and Methodology to Evaluate Local Features for Recognition

While the majority of computer vision systems are based on representing images by local features, the design of the latter has been so far mostly empirical. In this Chapter we propose to tie the design of local features to their systematic evaluation on a realistic ground-truthed dataset. We propose a novel mathematical characterisation of the co-variance properties of the features which accounts for deviation from the usual idealised image affine (de)formation model. We propose novel metrics to evaluate the features and we show how these can be used to automatically design improved features.
An internet platform to support public participation in transportation decision making aka participatory GIS for transportation (PGIST)

The PGIST project involves the development of an Internet portal to support three phases of participatory, transportation improvement program modeling, and evaluate its use. Funding for the project is provided by the National Science Foundation, Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, Division of Experimental and Integrative Activities, Information Technology Research Program (a cross-foundation program). Funded as grant EIA 0325916 - medium-size project managed by the Digital Government Program. (September 1, 2003 - August 31, 2007). Project management structure is shown in Figure 1.
Phase and amplitude tracking for seismic event separation

We have developed a method to decompose seismic records into atomic events, each defined by a smooth phase function and a smooth amplitude function. This decomposition is intrinsically nonlinear and calls for a nonconvex least-squares optimization formulation, along the lines of full-waveform inversion. To overcome the lack of convexity, we have developed an iterative refinement-expansion scheme to initialize and track the phase and amplitude for each atomic event. For short, we called the method phase tracking. The initialization is carried out by applying multiple signal classification to a few seed traces in which events can be separated and identified by their arrival times and amplitudes. We then construct the initial solution at the seed traces using linear phase functions from the arrival times and constant amplitude functions, assuming the medium is mostly dispersion free. We refine this initial solution to account for dispersion and imperfect knowledge of the wavelet at the seed traces by fitting the observed data using a gradient descent method. The resulting phase and amplitude functions are then carefully expanded across the traces in an adequately smooth way to match the whole data record. We have evaluated the proposed method on two synthetic records and a field record. Because the parametrization of the seismic events is physically meaningful, it also enables a simple form of bandwidth extension of the observed shot record to unobserved low and high frequencies. We tested this procedure on the same shot records. Bandwidth extension is in principle helpful to initialize full-waveform inversion with frequency sweeps and enhanced its resolution.
Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice.

Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice. Joe Watkins. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2001. 234 pp.
Interdisciplinary Teaching Artists: Moving Dialogue

Interdisciplinary teaching artistry provides ample territory, much of which remains uncharted (Rhodes 2006), for examining current connections and developing new relationships and dialogue across t...
The interaction between memorized objects and abrupt onsets in oculomotor capture

Recent evidence has been found for a source of task-irrelevant oculomotor capture (defined as when a salient event draws the eyes away from a primary task) that originates from working memory. An object memorized for a nonsearch task can capture the eyes during search. Here, an experiment was conducted that generated interactions between the presence of a memorized object (a colored disk) with the abrupt onset of a new object during visual search. The goal was to compare memory-driven oculomotor capture to oculomotor capture caused by an abrupt onset. This has implications for saccade programming theories, which have little to say about saccades that are influenced by object working memory. Results showed that memorized objects capture the eyes at nearly the same rate as abrupt onsets. When the abrupt onset and a memorized color coincide in the same object, this combination leads to even greater oculomotor capture. Finally, latencies support the competitive integration model: Shorter saccade latencies were found when the memorized color combined with the onset captured the eyes, as compared to either color or onset only. Longer latencies were also found when the color and onset occurred in the same display but were spatially separated.
Development of a Computational Hydrodynamic Model for a Biomimetic Underwater Autonomous Vehicle

This work describes the development of a computational model created to autonomously navigate a fishlike underwater vehicle with a multivertebra spine and a flexible tail. First, a two-dimensional numerical simulation, developed previously, and based on an unsteady panel method, was coupled with the vehicle, spine, and tail dynamics. Numerous test cases spanning a wide range of swimming conditions were processed with the simulation, and these data were subsequently used to train an artificial neural network. The navigation procedure/neural network uses as input a set of vehicle geometric and state variables, and from that, it predicts the needed vehicle body deformations, i.e., necessary spine vertebrae rotations, so that the vehicle can navigate through a set of given waypoints. Validation results are presented that show the accuracy of the present flow-structure interaction solver, and several test cases of autonomous navigation are presented to show the capabilities of the current method.
What Drives the Return on CMBS

Despite the significance of commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) as one of the fastest growing asset classes and the increasing interest in CMBS by institutional investors, available empirical evidence on CMBS is lacking. This article sheds light on the investment performance of CMBS, the driving forces behind CMBS return variability, and the relative importance of these variables in predicting CMBS returns. Using monthly data for the Lehman Brothers fixed income indices from January 1997 to June 2006, the author finds that mean return and total risk-adjusted return on investment-grade and high-yield CMBS clearly dominate those on investment-grade and high-yield corporate bonds, Treasuries, and stocks. The autor uses a structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model to examine what drives the excess returns on CMBS and how. Impulse response analysis suggests that the growth in industrial production, inflation rate, change in 30-year mortgage rate, change in term structure spread, and excess return on the S&P 500 all have a significant and inverse contemporaneous effects on the excess returns on investment-grade and high-yield CMBS. Variance decomposition reveals that the change in mortgage rate and the term structure spread together explain 57% and 44% of the variance in investment-grade and high-yield CMBS excess returns, respectively. Changes in the amount of CMBS issuance show a significant negative lag effect on CMBS excess returns. The required returns on CMBS are positively driven by the changes in credit spread, but this positive effect is much stronger for high-yield CMBS than for investment-grade CMBS.
Cognitive impairment in three subtypes of multiple sclerosis

Patients with relapsing, primary progressive, and secondary progressive MS were administered the Tower of London and the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, yielding several measures of executive function and speeded information processing. MS patients' performance was compared with healthy controls and with a clinical control group consisting of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The MS patients performed the tests more slowly, but did not differ from either group of controls on measures of executive function. Slowing in the speed of information processing was characteristic of MS patients across two basic tasks differing in terms of controlled versus automatic processing and in terms of whether or not rapid responding was an explicit feature of successful performance. Although evident in all subtypes, this slowing was more pronounced in secondary progressive patients and somewhat less pronounced in primary progressive patients. Furthermore, the slowing was unrelated to patients' disability status or level of depression.
Temporal Regulation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1UL24mRNA Expression via Differential Polyadenylation

Abstract Using Northern blot, primer extension, and S1 nuclease analyses of wild-type and deletion-containing herpes simplex type 1 viruses, we found that UL24 sequences are contained in six different transcripts that originate from three previously identified mRNA start sites. Thus, the six UL24 transcripts represent three different pairs of 5′ coterminal mRNAs. Each transcript pair consists of a short species whose 3′ end corresponds to a polyadenylation signal located just downstream of the UL24 open reading frame, and a longer species whose 3′ end corresponds to a polyadenylation signal located downstream of the UL26 gene. Maximal accumulation of the short UL24 transcripts was at early times during infection, while accumulation of the longer species did not decrease at late times. Consistent with early kinetics, the short transcripts were less sensitive to drugs that inhibited viral DNA replication than the longer transcripts which exhibited leaky–late kinetics. Quantitative S1 nuclease analysis indicated that 3′ ends corresponding to the UL24 polyadenylation site were significantly more abundant at early times than at late times. Thus, differential polyadenylation determines the kinetics of accumulation of different UL24 transcripts.
Response of nearshore marine assemblages to global change: a comparison of molluscan assemblages in Pleistocene and modern rhodolith beds in the southwestern Gulf of California, México

Abstract Marine life in the Gulf of California has experienced large changes in climate and sea level during the past several hundred thousand years. To evaluate the potential effects of these changes on marine mollusc species richness and similarity, modern molluscan assemblages associated with rhodolith beds in the southwestern Gulf of California were compared to their fossil counterparts from the oxygen isotope substage 5e ( I.S. 5e) interglacial period, approximately 125 000 yr ago. A combined total of 219 taxa were found in I.S. 5e and modern assemblages. In general, raw and rarefied richnesses were significantly greater in I.S. 5e assemblages than in modern assemblages, and differences between assemblages suggest I.S. 5e are time-averaged deposits. Similarities between I.S. 5e and modern assemblages were lower than similarities within I.S. 5e assemblages. The results indicate that molluscan assemblages in the Gulf of California experienced some changes in taxonomic richness and composition during the environmental fluctuations of the past 125 000 yr, but not large scale taxonomic reorganization. The precise amount of taxonomic change is difficult to quantify due to time averaging.
PUMA binding induces partial unfolding within BCL-xL to disrupt p53 binding and promote apoptosis

π-stacking interactions unique between residues of PUMA and Bcl-xL, which lead to the unfolding of Bcl-xL via an allosteric mechanism, are required to disrupt p53–Bcl-xL interaction and induce apoptosis. This is the first example of regulated protein unfolding for signal transmission.
Depth migration and interpretation of the COCORP Wind River, Wyoming, seismic reflection data

To better understand Laramide deformation, deep seismic reflection data have been depth migrated (focused or imaged) in order to more clearly reveal structural features associated with the Wind River thrust, Wyoming. Major structural features displayed in the migrated data are the Wind River fault zone and the Pacific Creek anticline. The Wind River fault zone is seen to a depth of at least 25 km and interpretively to 32 km. It is a complex zone that includes numerous splays flattening with depth. The Wind River Range was tilted along these arcuate splays as it was compressionally thrust up. The Pacific Creek anticline is asymmetric and thrust cored, with the top of basement offset 600 m. The Pacific Creek thrust is viewed as an embryonic Wind River thrust.
Craniofacial computed tomography scanning: technology, applications and future trends.

Structured Abstract Author – Vannier MW Objectives – Craniofacial imaging in three dimensions depends on computed tomography (CT) and related technologies. This paper explains the state-of-the-art for medical and dedicated craniofacial cone-beam CT scanners. Method – Current medical CT scanners are surveyed, especially the recently announced 16 simultaneous slice models with subsecond source–detector rotation times and spiral/helical third generation geometry. The medical scanner technology is contrasted with dedicated low-cost craniofacial cone-beam CT scanners to delineate the relevant technologies and clarify the differences. Results – CT scanners performance in any task is determined by their detectors and reconstruction algorithm primarily and to a lesser extent by the X-ray source, dose utilization, computational and display electronics, and software for post-processing. Each of these components differs between medical and low-cost cone-beam scanners, and the differences are tabulated and explained. Conclusion – Low-cost craniofacial CT scanners are significantly different from general purpose medical CT scanners, with compromises in technical performance. Despite their limitations, these instruments are remarkably useful for their intended application domain and should improve as computers continue to increase their performance.
A magnetic study of Etruscan bucchero pottery: An application of rock magnetism to archaeometry

We have applied techniques used in rock magnetism to the study of possible temporal changes in provenance and firing conditions of a collection of Etruscan bucchero pottery fragments representing the interval between 800 B.C. to 400 B.C. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such procedures have been applied to ancient ceramic wares. Our preliminary magnetic measurements demonstrate that this approach can provide useful archaeological information, as exemplified by the following results: (1) Bucchero ceramic styles sottile, spesso, and possibly pesante, contained magnetic particles of similar grain sizes, which suggested a common provenance and similar firing conditions for these pot typologies. (2) Ceramic styles buccheroid impasto and grey bucchero each had magnetic characteristics different from those in (1). However, too few samples of these were available for any definite conclusions. (3) The occurrence of magnetite, and not hematite, in all samples indicated that firing conditions were effectively reducing. (4) Variations in the amount of magnetite in different samples indicated that slight inhomogeneities must have existed in the iron oxide/hydroxide content of the local clay source. Most magnetic techniques are fast, easy, and generally nondestructive. Some magnetic properties, such as initial susceptibility, saturation remanent magnetization, and coercivity of remanence, can even be measured in the field. At the least, magnetic measurements can be used initially to discriminate among different groups of potsherds. Selected samples can then be analyzed with more elaborate methods of archaeometry.
Fabricated or Induced Illness

Abstract Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) is the preferred term for the form of abuse previously referred to as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. This review groups the varied behaviours that result in FII into six Physical Impact Categories (PICs). The age of identification of abuse is inversely related to the severity of physical impact, whereas the age of onset of abuse is early in life in all PICs. PIC 5 (High Toxicity Poisoning) and PIC 6 (Apparent Life-threatening Events) have very significant mortality for both index cases (17% and 12%) and siblings (19% and 57%). 94% of perpetrators are female. The majority of male perpetrators inflict the severest forms of FII (PICs 5 and 6). Intrinsic illness co-exists with FII in 3–56% of cases. Co-morbidity occurred in 15–63% of cases. In PICs 1, 3 and 4 co-morbidity was predominantly FII commonly of the same PIC as the index presentation. In PICs 5 and 6 the commonest co-morbidities were death of a sibling and physical abuse of the index case or sibling. Pregnancy and perinatal problems are common in perpetrators of FII. A number of psychological features have been reported in perpetrators with Personality Disorder and Somatization being the most common features. However, such features may be absent and there is no single ‘profile’ of behaviour which is pathognomic of perpetrators of FII. Identification of FII depends on a clinical method which integrates process, content and physical findings. The concepts of ‘The Bargain in Health Care’ and the ‘Falsifiability Principle’ underpin such a clinical approach. Confirmation of FII abuse is obtained by close observation and separation, toxicology or Covert Video Surveillance.
High-temperature stability of soybean oils with altered fatty acid compositions

One canola oil and six soybean oils with different fatty acid compositions were heated intermittently, and bread cubes were fried in them to determine the stability of the oils. Two of the soybean oils were commercial varieties Hardin and BSR 101. The other soybean oils were from experimental lines developed at Iowa State University, and included A17 with 1.5% linolenate (18:3) and 15.1% palmitate (16:0), A16 with 1.9% 18:3 and 10.6% 16:0, A87-191039 with 1.8% 18:3 and 29.1% oleate (18:1) and A6 with 27.7% stearate (18:0). The soybean seeds were cold-pressed and crude canola oil was obtained without additives. Oils were refined, bleached and deodorized under laboratory conditions with additions. Each oil (300 mL) was heated to 180 ± 5°C in a minifryer. Bread cubes were fried at the beginning of heating, and half of the cubes were used for analyses. The second half was analyzed after storage at 60°C for seven days. Heating of the oils was continued for 20 h, cooled for 10 h, and then reheated for another 20 h, after which additional bread cubes were fried and analyzed. Results of sensory evaluation of the fried cubes, the peroxide values (PV) of oils extracted from the cubes and the conjugated dienoic acid values of the oils showed that the A17, A16, A87-191039 and A6 oils had better stabilities than did Hardin, BSR 101 and canola oils. The initial 18:3 contents of oils predicted their oxidative and flavor stabilities under heating and frying conditions (for PVvs. 18:3, r=0.89,P=0.008; for flavor qualityvs. 18:3, r=−0.93,P=0.002; for flavor intensityvs. 18:3, r=−0.91,P=0.004).
Tension and Compression Creep Apparatus for Wood–Plastic Composites

Design of structural members made of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) is not possible without accurate test data for tension and compression. The viscoelastic behavior of these materials means that these data are required for both the quasi-static stress–strain response, and the long-term creep response. Their relative incompressibility causes inherent difficulties in creating effective clamping devices that do not preload the specimens. In order to conduct repeats of both test modes at multiple stress levels for at least 90 days, uni-axial test apparatuses must be economical and mass producible. Further, all tests must be conducted in an environment that is moisture and temperature controlled, creating space constraints. This paper describes economical apparatuses for both tension and compression creep testing that do not preload the specimens, require a minimum of floor space, and are easy and safe to load and unload. The operation and typical data for the tests are presented to demonstrate the apparatuses.
Developing a Classroom Management Plan Using a Tiered Approach

Randi, a special education teacher, has worked in an inclusive sixth grade classroom with Colleen, a general education teacher, since August. Although the class has been running fairly smoothly, it is September and some behavior issues have arisen. Transitions between lessons have been taking longer, general noise level during group work is up, and students have been teasing peers or making negative comments during group discussions. In addition, a small group of students is not completing assignments on time. The two students who have individualized education program (IEP) goals directly related to behavior are also experiencing difficulties. One student has shut down and refuses to do work, and the other student has been getting into fights during lunch break. Although Colleen and Randi had rules and consequences in place at the start of the year, they have decided they need to develop a comprehensive classroom management plan.
Analysis of high-requency ignition circuits

THE modern high-voltage magnetos installed on a 2,000-horsepower aircraft engine may not resemble externally the crude induction coil used by Lenoir in 1860 to provide ignition for his gas engine. Yet, both make use of the same method to generate a transient voltage high enough to fire the spark plug. A current is first established in a primary winding surrounding a core of magnetic material and then suddenly interrupted. This interruption produces a high rate of change of flux through a secondary coil wound with a large number of turns, thus inducing a high voltage that is transmitted to the spark plug.
The contribution of color to motion in normal and color-deficient observers

Abstract By opposing drifting luminance and color gratings, we have measured the “equivalent luminance contrast” of color, the contribution that color makes to motion. We found that this equivalent contrast was highest (> 10%) for low spatial and temporal frequencies and was higher for red/green than for blue/yellow stimuli. Equivalent luminance contrast was about 4% for a green/purple stimulus that fell along the tritan confusion line, indicating a modest input to the motion pathway from the short wavelength-sensitive cones (B-cones). Contrast thresholds for the discrimination of the direction of motion showed that the contribution of color to motion was about the same (within a factor of 2) as that for luminance in terms of multiples of threshold contrast. These responses to moving, chromatic gratings could be mediated by any of several factors that can create a residual response in a luminance pathway: temporal phase lag between the responses to the colors of the stimuli, second harmonic distortion in the response and variability in equiluminance points across units. Each of these factors was evaluated experimentally and their combined effect could account for only a small portion of the contribution of color to motion. As a result, we attribute the perception of the motion of equiluminous stimuli to an opponent-color input to directionally selective cortical units. Chromatic stimuli had little or no equivalent contrast for color-deficient observers, whether the stimulus was red/green, which they discriminate less well than normals, or blue/yellow, which they discriminate almost as well as normals. The equivalent contrast measure provided an excellent basis for classifying normal, protan and deutan observers.
Histamine effects on endothelial cell fibronectin interaction studied by atomic force microscopy.

Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the cellular response to histamine, one of the major inflammatory mediators that cause endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leakage. AFM probes were labeled with fibronectin and used to measure binding strength between α5β1 integrin and fibronectin by quantifying the force required to break single fibronectin-integrin bonds. The cytoskeletal changes, binding probability, and adhesion force before and after histamine treatment on endothelial cells were monitored. Cell topography measurements indicated that histamine induces cell shrinkage. Local cell stiffness and binding probability increased twofold after histamine treatment. The force necessary to rupture single α5β1-fibronectin bond increased from 34.0 ± 0.5 pN in control cells to 39 ± 1 pN after histamine treatment. Experiments were also conducted to confirm the specificity of the α5β1-fibronectin interaction. In the presence of soluble GRGDdSP the probability of adhesion events decreased >50% whereas the adhesion force between α5β1 and fibronectin remained unchanged. These data indicate that extracellular matrix-integrin interactions play an important role in the endothelial cell response to changes of external chemical mediators. These changes can be recorded as direct measurements on live endothelial cells by using atomic force microscopy.
Contact Hysteresis and Friction of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold

Nanoindentation has been combined with nanometer-scale friction measurements to identify dissipative mechanisms responsible for friction in hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on Au. We have ...
Transplantation of non-visceral fat to the visceral cavity improves glucose tolerance in mice: investigation of hepatic lipids and insulin sensitivity.

Aims/hypothesis Intra-abdominal transplantation of non-visceral adipose tissue in rodents, simulating increased abdominal fat in obesity, paradoxically improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that this improvement is due to transplant-induced enhanced uptake of fatty acids by adipose tissue, thus reducing fatty acid flux into, and triacylglycerol storage in, the liver.
Strain fabric associated with the Meade thrust sheet: implications for cross-section balancing

Abstract Emplacement of the Meade thrust sheet, southeastern Idaho, U.S.A., was accompanied by the development of a strain fabric and significant footwall deformation. Characteristics of the strain fabric are based on strain estimates using pressure-solution cleavage and deformed fossils within the Jurassic Twin Creek Formation. The strain fabric formed during early layer-parallel shortening at the thrust front and accommodates from 10 to 35% shortening within the incipient thrust sheet. Footwall strata were later folded above a detachment at the base of the Twin Creek Formation, and the early strain fabric was passively rotated. The structural development of this area, consisting of (1) strain fabric development, (2) folding of the footwall and (3) the truncation of footwall structures by imbricates of the Meade thrust, are placed in a relative time frame to aid in section reconstruction. The passive reorientation of the strain fabric and the truncation and incorporation of footwall structures into the thrust sheet are used as kinematic and geometric constraints for cross-section balancing. We present a sequential retrodeformation of the Meade thrust sheet in which strain is removed from the cross-section at the appropriate geometric stages in the deformation. These sections illustrate some methods by which strain data can be incorporated into cross-sections and also indicate the difficulty involved in balancing cross-sections of internally deformed thrust sheets. Interpretation of these sections suggests that a significant amount of footwall deformation accompanied the emplacement of the Meade thrust sheet and that footwall deformation is strongly controlled by the local stratigraphic package. The sections also illustrate that the earliest deformation within a thrust sheet may be unrelated to motion on the underlying incipient thrust, and that the trace of a thrust fault which cuts previously deformed strata will not restore to a typical ramp and flat geometry.
Systematic identification of psychotropic drugs by thin layer chromatography. Part II

Abstract A thin-layer chromatographic technique was applied to ether extracts of blood and urine samples from patients receiving clinical doses of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, chlorprothixene, meprobamate, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine and desipramine. Chromatography of the extracts of blood samples from patients receiving clinical doses of chlorpromazine or thioridazine were negative. Similar specimens extracted after hemolysis of the sample showed the presence of unmetabolized drug and metabolites. In urine extracts, phenothiazine derivatives administered in daily doses lower than 75 mg were not detectable as unchanged drug; only the presence of metabolites was observed. Urine extracts from patients on a stabilized drug dose of each of the compounds examined showed typical chromatographic patterns. The RF values of metabolites constantly found in the samples examined are reported.
Suppression of Plasma Luteinizing Hormone by Prolactin in the Male Rat

Although a direct effect of PRL on gonadotropins has been previously suggested, it has not been convincingly demonstrated. The secretion of LH and FSH was studied in response to the stimuli of castration and LH releasing hormone administration in adult male rats made hyperprolactinemic with ectopic pituitary glands. Although plasma LH and FSH levels were similar in non-castrate hyperprolactinemic rats vs. controls, LH concentrations 24 h postcastration were less in hyperprolactinemic animals as compared to controls (P less than 0.001). The level of LH achieved was inversely correlated with the PRL concentration generated (r = -0.71; P less than 0.01). LH suppression was evident in hyperprolactinemic rats at 1 and 3 days postcastration but was no longer observable at 7 days postcastration. After LH releasing hormone administration to non-castrate rats the rise in plasma LH was significantly less in the hyperprolactinemic animals (P less than 0.05). These experiments support the hypothesis that PRL directly inhibits LH secretion, presumably at the pituitary level.
Household Archaeology in the Southeastern United States: History, Trends, and Challenges

This review highlights archaeological investigations of prehistoric and historic households in southeastern North America. There are a number of inherent challenges to the archaeology of households in the region, including generally poor preservation and a long history of relatively insubstantial domestic architecture. An appraisal of the historical development of household archaeology developed slowly in the Southeast, largely in reaction to trends in other areas of the world. Over the last decade, however, southeastern archaeologists have been at the vanguard of the application of new approaches to households. From an early focus on generalizable patterns of domestic activities and behavior, researchers increasingly view households as historical constructs situated within larger landscapes. Prominent areas of concern include enduring issues such as status variation, production, and consumption but also newer themes such as gender, identity and ethnicity, agency and power, and ritual and symbolism. Some of the most innovative studies explore the intersections of these topics. Conceptual and methodological challenges remain, but the household endures as a practical and productive focus of analysis and interpretation for southeastern archaeologists more than 30 years after household research in the area began.
Thermomolecular pressure corrections in helium vapour pressure thermometry: The effect of the tube surface

Abstract The equation of Weber and Schmidt has been used for some time to describe thermomolecular pressure difference corrections necessary in precise vapour pressure thermometry. Roberts' and Sydoriak's tables of corrections are based on this equation. Several investigations have shown significant deviations from the constants given by Weber and Schmidt when metallic tubes are used in the measurement. It is shown that constants to fit the data can be found by modifying the equation to explicitly contain the momentum accommodation coefficient, which is a measure of the interaction of the gas with the tube wall. Data are given to show that polishing the tube surface decreases the thermomolecular pressure difference. A procedure is given to obtain single tube thermomolecular pressure corrections for vapour pressure corrections from a single differential measurement.
Low-Cost High-Resolution Spectral Measurements Of Solar And Atmospheric Lines Using A Commercially Available Scanning Interferometer

A technique is described for using a commercially available scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer and a low resolution monochrometer to measure solar rotation produced doppler shifts. A Spectra Physics, Model 380, Scanning Fabry-Perot Interferometer with a reflectivity finesse of greater than 150 was followed with a Heath EU-700, 350 mm Czerny-Turner monochrometer, used as an order separator. The output of the photomultiplier was displayed on an oscilloscope, and the spectral data was obtained photographically. The horizontal sweep of the oscilloscope was used as the driving ramp voltage for the z-axis pizzoelectric stack of the scanning interferometer. Using the known wavelengths of atmospheric 02 lines for calibration, doppler shifts of less than .001 nm were detectable. In order to obtain a flat output without interferometer order overlap, an interferometric mirror separation of .75 mm (0.265 nm free spectral range) was used with a monochrometer slit width of 125 um (2.0 nm/mm dispersion). The monochrometer was centered on the .2 nm spectral region of interest at 630.2 nm. An apparent overall finesse of about 100 was realized.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biological matrix standard reference materials for trace element determinations

Deux nouveaux milieux biologiques SRM-1571 (Feuilles vegetales) et SRM-1577 (Foie de boeuf), viennent d'etre distribues par le NBS comme echantillon de reference (SRM). La concentration d'un certain nombre d'elements a l'etat de trace a ete certifiee dans ces milieux. On decrit la preparation et le programme analytique de ces etalons; le grand interet de tels milieux serait d'assurer un controle de qualite et de permettre le developpement de nouveaux procedes pour l'analyse des milieux biologiques.
Cross-Mating Experiments with Boophilus Annulatus and B. Microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae)

Female Boophilus annulatus (Say) and B. microplus (Canestrini) mated readily with males of the other species when pairs were isolated in a small cell on a calf's back. The crossmated females engorged as readily as females that mated with their own species, the size and fecundity of the females were not altered by cross-mating, the hatch of the F1 eggs equaled that of colony strains of the 2 species, and the F1 hybrid progeny appeared normal in vigor and longevity. However, the eggs resulting from F1 brother × sister matings generally did not hatch. Backcrosses indicated that the sterility of hybrid males exceeded 99% and that the fertility of hybrid females was reduced. The caudal process of the hybrid males was usually intermediate in size between that of normal B. annulatus and B. microplus males. The 2 species are apparently closely related, probably sibling species, but reproductively isolated by sterility of hybrids.