cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geometry‐based efficient rata coordination for manipulators with kinematic redundancy

The redundancy resolution problem for kinematically redundant serial chain manipulators is addressed. In this article we present a generalization of the geometry-based rate allocation algorithm, developed initially for only a minimum norm solution, to obtain the optimal joint rate solution for any specified objective function, with or without weightage. This generalization is made possible through a physial interpretation of the common pseudoinverse-based gradient solution scheme, and by developing a modified formulation for the objective function as a minimum criterion not with respect to the origin of the joint rate space, but with respect to another point in the joint rate space represented by the gradient of the specified objective. Application examples of the algorithm including procedures of solution are demonstrated using 7R manipulators with two generic types of geometry. Moreover, a closed form optimal solution for the class of 7R anthropomorphic arms is also given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Muscularity and the density of the fat-free mass in athletes

The purpose of this study was to use estimates of body composition from a four-component model to determine whether the density of the fat-free mass (DFFM) is affected by muscularity or musculoskel...
THE DYNAMICS OF DIMENSIONS OF AGE-RELATED DISABILITY 1982 TO 1994 IN THE U.S. ELDERLY POPULATION

Declines in chronic disability were observed in the National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) 1982 to 1994. We analyzed the 1982, 1984, 1989, and 1994 NLTCS to identify the dimensions of chronic disability from multivariate analyses of a rich battery of measures of the ability (or inability) to perform specific activities. Changes over time in the prevalence of individual disability dimensions can be tracked to evaluate the rate of age-related losses of specific functions, 1982-1994. Seven dimensions described changes in the age dependence of 27 activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and physical performance measures in community and institutional resident elderly individuals over the 12 year period. Adjusted for age, the healthiest dimension with the best physical function experienced the largest increase in prevalence (3.3%) implying a decline in age-related disability. Disability declines were correlated with reductions in select health conditions (e.g., dementia and circulatory disease) over the study period.
World embedded interfaces for human-robot interaction

Human interaction with large numbers of robots or distributed sensors presents a number of difficult challenges including supervisory management, monitoring of individual and collective state, and apprehending situation awareness. A rich source of information about the environment can be provided even with robots that have no explicit representations or maps of their locale. To do this, we transform a robot swarm into a distributed interface embedded within the environment. Visually, each robot acts like a pixel within a much larger visual display space so that any robot need only communicate a small amount of information from its current location. Our approach uses augmented reality techniques for communicating information to humans from large numbers of small-scale robots to enable situation awareness, monitoring, and control for surveillance, reconnaissance, hazard detection, and path finding.
The Case of Reuel

The sight of Reuel Bronstein, an eighty-nine-year-old man attached to a respirator and barely clinging to life was a sharp contrast to the man described by his Children as a “ball of fire,” a man who, as a rabbi, could deeply inspire his congregants and as a family man would scream and argue with his mother-in-law every time she came to his home to care for a new baby. This once vivacious and feisty man lay silently in his hospital bed, the only signs of life being his rhythmic breathing with the aid of a tube pumping oxygen into his non-functional body. Yet, despite his extremely poor prognosis for recovery and even poorer prognosis of regaining a meaningful life, his children never wavered in their steadfast belief that his body should be maintained on the respirator for as long as was required under religious law, regardless of whether his condition lasted for months or even years.
Activation of mast cells by influenza A virus stimulates virus-induced immunopathology (HYP3P.353)

Influenza A virus (IAV), a seasonal respiratory pathogen, results in severe lung pathology. Recent global analysis of lungs from mice infected with highly pathological IAV strains demonstrated enrichment of mast cells, but the role of mast cells during severe pulmonary viral infections has been under studied. We have recently shown that A/WSN/33 causes significant immunopathology in C57BL/6 mice and is mast cell-dependent. A/WSN/33(WSN) was able to directly activate mast cells to produce histamine, leukotrienes, inflammatory cytokines, and anti-viral chemokines. IAV-induced cytokine storm is thought to induce viral immunopathology, therefore we explored the importance of this response from mast cells. Mast cell cytokine production occurred in a RIG-I/MAVS-dependent fashion, but reconstitution of mast cell-deficient mice with RIG-I-/- mast cells generated lung pathology similar to wild type mast cells. Thus, it appears that mast cell degranulation rather than production of cytokines causes WSN-induced lung pathology. Mast cell degranulation occurs early in the viral entry cycle through a RIG-I/MAVS- and MyD88/Trif-independent mechanism. Using recombinant WSN strains, we found an association between the WSN hemaggultinin and neuraminidase proteins in the activation of mast cell degranulation and WSN-induced disease. We have identified a unique inflammatory cascade which could be therapeutically targeted to limit morbidity following infection with influenza virus.
The swinging pendulum: a national perspective of nonoperative management in severe blunt liver injury.

BACKGROUNDDespite a shift toward nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt liver trauma, severe injuries continue to require operative management. Our objective was to examine current trends of NOM for severe blunt liver injury from a national perspective.METHODSPatients with blunt liver injury with Ab
The Nymphs of North and Central American Leptohyphes (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae)

The 36 described species of North and Central American Leptohyphes are discussed, and synonymies and other pertinent data are presented for all. Characters allow the North and Central American nymphs to be placed in species-groups; L. dicinctus and L. melanobranchus in the dicinctus -group, and all other described nymphs in the apache -group. Accounts are given for the 27 valid species known from the nymphal stage, including an illustrated key, synonymies, description or diagnosis, distribution and new collection records, and maps. L. baumanni is regarded as a synonym of L. mirus, L. consortis of L. sabinas, L. lumas of L. hispidus, and L. phalarobranchus of L. packeri. L. michaeli, L. paraguttatus, L. succinus, and L. vescus are described from nymphs collected in Texas; L. piraticus, L. vulturnus, and L. zelus from nymphs collected in Honduras.
User Tolerance of Message Transmission Delay in Electronic Mail: A Cross-National Comparison

Speed of message delivery is an important factor when users make a choice of electronic mail over other forms of communication. Although e-mail promises close to instantaneous message delivery, delays ranging from a few seconds to several hours are commonly seen. In evaluating user tolerance for delay in message transmission for electronic mail, this study focuses on situational variables, individual personality characteristics and cross-national differences (US and India). Results from this study indicate that user tolerance for delay is dictated by situational factors rather than individual personality characteristics based on time perception. The three situational variables, Urgency of message, Content and Distance between the sender and receiver drive user tolerance for delay differently in the two groups. Personality factors measured by Type A behaviour scores and Speed and Impatience Ratings do not significantly affect delay tolerance. This study provides empirical evidence that users do have differ...
Comparisons of Fluticasone to Budesonide in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background Topical steroids are first-line treatment agents for eosinophilic esophagitis; however, some studies have demonstrated modest efficacy in inducing histologic remission.
Schelling: Methodologies of the Unconscious

Like Fichte, Schelling strives to overcome Kant’s dualisms. Unsatisfied with Fichte’s appeal to the I’s activity, Schelling attempts to derive both the subject and the object from what he takes to be a higher ground, which he calls the Absolute. Although the Absolute is necessarily opaque to consciousness, he proposes two methods of philosophical investigation: a negative philosophy that examines the development of the world as it is comprehended by reason, and a positive philosophy that apprehends the Absolute on its own (nonrational) terms. Schelling thus presents us with two alternatives: either the ground of consciousness is ignored in favor of consciousness itself, or it can be known directly, but without using reason to understand it. In appealing to nonrational intuition, he attempts to transcend the limits of reason and make claims about the basis of existence, but because they transcend the limits of reason, those claims cannot be rationally justified. Schelling is grappling with the epistemic problem of how consciousness can understand its own origins, but in doing so he runs afoul of Kant’s critique of metaphysics.
2013 HRM Teaching Conference

Announcement: The 2013 Innovation in HRM Teaching Conference will be held on Saturday, June 15, 2013 in Chicago, Illinois. The conference will be held in conjunction with the SHRM 2013 AnnualConference and Exposition, June 16-19. If you present at the teaching conference, yourregistration fee will be waived, and you will receive a discount on registration for the SHRMconference.
Acroangiodermatitis A Presentation of Two Cases of Nonhealing Ulcerations in the Lower Extremity

Acroangiodermatitis (AAD), also known as pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma, is an uncommon benign angioproliferative condition most commonly seen in the lower extremities. This condition often presents as discolored patches that progress to painful ulcerations. The list of vascular conditions associated with this diagnosis is vast. Acroangiodermatitis presents similarly to more aggressive conditions such as Kaposi's sarcoma, making histopathologic examination helpful in its diagnosis. We present two cases of AAD in the setting of chronic venous insufficiency.
Psychosocial Factors in Coronary Risk and Rehabilitation

The depressed mental state following myocardial infarction is considered to be the largest psychological barrier to rehabilitation. It has been recommended that the management of depression should begin by the third coronary care unit day. The most convenient practical focus for this is restoration of activity which is the most potent antidote known to combat mental distress of postcoronary convalescence. (Cassem and Hackett, 1973). Individual and group psychotherapy are prominent among other treatment modalities that have been employed during the immediate and long term postcoronary period.
Fulminating Soft-Tissue Infections

Necrotizing soft-tissue infections are a rare but often fatal complication of cancer. Delay in diagnosis and surgical treatment of oncology patients afflicted with necrotizing infections is unfortunately common because classic signs and symptoms are frequently obscured by malignancy and its treatments. Malnutrition and immune compromise render surgical and medical management of this already life-threatening condition even more difficult. Pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, physical examination, laboratory studies, and imaging of necrotizing fasciitis are reviewed. Current recommendations for surgical and antimicrobial treatment are provided. Differences between oncology patients and immune-competent individuals afflicted with these infections are emphasized. The need for new research and treatments to improve survival and lessen morbidity in this population is summarized, and some promising future treatment options are briefly described.
The evidence for olfactory training in treating patients with olfactory loss.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to go over the only therapy for olfactory loss supported by level 1a evidence that is currently available, which is olfactory training. This therapy is widely underutilized and has the potential to help many patients with olfactory dysfunction who are otherwise offered no management options. Recent findings We will review the rationale, clinical studies, and quality of the evidence regarding olfactory training, specifically the olfactory system's inherent ability to regenerate, the plasticity of the system, and the multiple protocols and modifications of protocols present in the literature. Summary Olfactory training is an effective therapy for some patients suffering from olfactory loss, and, while we do not yet know the optimal duration or number of odorants or exact patient population it may be most beneficial for, as an extremely easy, self-driven therapy with no significant side-effects, it should be consistently offered to this patient population.
SUPPLEMENT TO APOCALYPSE: GIRARD AND DERRIDA

We might begin with Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the eighteenth century. For that is where our problematic quest for origins begins, with the discrediting of Biblical authority, of Scriptural orthodoxy, in terms of which, origins, being divine, are by definition no problem. This in part is the point of Rousseau’ s insistence, towards the beginning of his Discours sur l’ origine de l’ inegalite parmi les hommes, that “We must begin by discarding all the facts” (III: 132). The context of this remark clearly suggests that he is sidestepping the authority of Biblical narrative, la lecture des livres sacres, which officially at least represents the facts for his culture. This in turn appears to be no problem for our resolutely profane, scientific culture, though part of my argument will concern a relation to the sacred informing and deforming our own quest for origins.
Dietary Reference Intakes: The New Basis for Recommendations for Calcium and Related Nutrients, B Vitamins, and Choline

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) represent the new approach adopted by the Food and Nutrition Board to providing quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes for use in a variety of settings, replacing and expanding on the past 50 years of periodic updates and revisions of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The DRI activity is a comprehensive effort undertaken to include current concepts about the role of nutrients and food components in long-term health, going beyond deficiency diseases. The DRIs consist of 4 reference intakes: the RDA, which is to be used as a goal for the individual; the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which is given to assist in advising individuals what levels of intake may result in adverse effects if habitually exceeded; the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the intake level at which the data indicate that the needs for 50% of those consuming it will not be met; and the Adequate Intake (AI), a level judged by the experts developing the reference intakes to meet the needs of all individuals in a group, but which is based on much less data and substantially more judgment than that used in establishing an EAR and subsequently the RDA. When an RDA cannot be set, an AI is given. Both are to be used as goals for an individual. Two reports have been issued providing DRIs for nutrients and food components reviewed to date: these include calcium and its related nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride; and most recently, folate, the B vitamins, and choline. The approaches used to determine the DRIs, the reference values themselves, and the plans for future nutrients and food components are discussed.
Review of the Fossil Evidence For Human Evolution; Geology of the Himalayas; Geology of Granite; Carbonatites

A review of the fossil evidence for human evolution, geology of the Himalayas, geology of granite, and carbonatites.
Preoperative geriatric assessment reduced hospital stay and complications in patients ≥ 65 y having vascular surgery.

Source Citation Partridge JS, Harari D, Martin FC, et al. Randomized clinical trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimization in vascular surgery. Br J Surg. 2017;104:679-87. 28198997
Chemoradiation for pancreatic and biliary cancer: current status of RTOG studies.

Summary Chemoradiation for gastrointestinal cancers is actively under study in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and consists of external irradiation combined with simultaneously administered chemotherapy given to provide radiation sensitization and to attack micro metastatic disease. Two national protocols for the treatment of patients with pancreatic and biliary cancers are now active. RTOG 97-04 is a phase HI post-operative combined modality program for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. All patients receive protracted infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with 50.4 Gy given in 28 fractions. Prior to and after chemoradiation all patients are randomized to receive multiple cycles of either infusional 5-FU or Gemcitabine to determine the effect on survival. In the other study (RTOG 98-12) patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer are given 50.4 Gy combined with weekly Paclitaxel (50 mg/m2) to examine the efficacy of this active combination in a phase II trial in a multi-institutional setting. Both of these trials have recently been opened to accrual. A third RTOG study for patients with biliary cancer will examine the efficacy of giving pre-operative chronomodulated infusional 5-FU chemoradiation. The background and the rationale for these studies is based on the long history of 5-FU radiation sensitization in the treatment of cancers of these anatomic sites and will be summarized. A brief review of recently published trials using chemoradiation in conjunction with new irradiation treatment techniques with "3D"conformal therapy for these diseases will be discussed.
Technological Un/employment

The conventional wisdom is that intellectual property (IP) is good for jobs. Indeed, according to legislators and the U.S. patent office, IP “creates jobs.” But this is not quite right. The purpose of IP is to increase the amount of innovation in the economy. Yet a significant subset of the innovations protected by IP, from self-service kiosks to self-driving cars, are in fact labor-saving. They reduce the amount of human labor required to complete a task. Therefore, to the extent IP is successful at incentivizing innovation, IP actually contributes to job loss. More precisely, IP contributes to what this article terms technological un/employment: job loss, and job creation, resulting from technological change. Commentators concerned about the “end of work” have suggested using taxation to slow down the pace of automation and provide aid to displaced workers. But this article yields another surprising insight: IP law itself could be designed to effectuate similar goals, either alone or in coordination with the tax system. For example, rather than taxing businesses that employ robots, legislators could deny patents on robots, or tax IP owners and use the proceeds to fund social programs like a universal basic income. IP’s relationship to technological un/employment, and the implications for public policy, seem obvious in hindsight. Yet the connection has been overlooked. Lawyers and academics who study IP must pay more attention.
Model-Centric Decision-Making: Exploring Decision-Maker Trust and Perception of Models

Ongoing research is exploring various dimensions of enabling model-informed decisions, as motivated by the increasing need for individuals and teams to make decisions based on models and model-generated information. Central to this topic is the need to understand what engenders trust in models. This exploratory study uses expert interviews to investigate how various types of decision-makers and actors interact with and use models, including to what degree models are used to inform system decisions and how individuals build trust in models. While anecdotal stories of success and failure exist, empirical studies are needed to truly understand the many facets of human decision-making in model-centric engineering. Such research is expected to generate key insights that can inform current and future practice, as well as determine areas for more extensive study.
3D Recording in the Field: Style Without Substance?

3D recording of archaeological sites is one of the trendiest applications in archaeology today. Archaeologists are increasingly devoted to applying three-dimensional approaches, with a variety of techniques and results. As these methods become increasingly common, archaeologists face an important challenge: that of ensuring the data they collect is relevant to the research questions they investigate. For many archaeologists, anthropologically focused or otherwise, these questions may often relate to grand narratives of culture change or similarly broad topics. Very little effort has gone into connecting the results or outputs of the ongoing “3D revolution” in archaeology to broader theoretical issues, with no middle range theory adequately connecting these new methods to one of archaeology’s ultimate goals—studying culture change. It has yet to be established whether or not 3D recording will form the basis of the next revolution in archaeological practice akin to the development and ubiquitous adoption of archaeological GIS, if it will be seen as a purely methodological advance, or even if it will be relegated to sideshow status as an aesthetically pleasing but ultimately unproductive party trick. This chapter will discuss the usefulness of 3D field recording for contributing to the grand narratives told by archaeology and take a critical perspective as to whether or not 3D recording can truly contribute to answering the questions asked by archaeologists worldwide regardless of region or era of focus.
The short-a split in a suburban area of the New York City dialect region

In American English, the most common pattern for the pronunciation of the allophones of the vowel phoneme /ae/ is the "nasal-split," where the vowel is tense (raised, fronted) when followed by a nasal consonant and lax (lowered, backed) otherwise. In contrast, historically New York City English (NYCE) has had a "complex short-a split" with different conditioning factors for each allophone. This paper reports on new data from the eastern edge of the NYCE dialect region: suburban Nassau County, Long Island. Using word-list data from the sociolinguistic interviews of 24 high school students, aged 14-18, and 7 of their teachers and mentors, this paper shows that while young speakers in this region are moving towards the wider American nasal-split, the local version of that nasal-split still includes components of the traditional NYCE complex-split.
Effect of intensive versus standard blood pressure control on major adverse cardiac events and serious adverse events: A bivariate analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering may offer protective effects against major adverse cardiac event (MACE) but is also associated with a greater risk of a serious adverse event (SAE). The risk-benefit profile of intensive versus standard BP control has not been comprehensively assessed. Methods: Four studies were identified from a systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials comparing intensive versus standard BP lowering that reported both MACE and SAE endpoints. A previously described statistical approach was applied to characterize the efficacy-safety tradeoff of BP control. The bivariate outcome was computed to quantitatively assess the net clinical benefit (NCB) of intensive BP lowering as compared to standard treatment, with positive values indicating increased risks and negative values indicating decreased risks. Results: Data from the SPRINT trial demonstrated that intensive strategy was superior in MACE but inferior in SAE, thereby eroding the NCB (bivaria...
Radical Politics in Practice: The Self-organising and Self-managing Kurdish Confederalism

Today, looking at the Middle East, through and beyond the dust and smoke of war, it is apparent that new forms of politics and democracy are being shaped in social practices and by social experimen...
Plastic breeding system response to day length in the California wildflower Mimulus douglasii.

Premise of the study Angiosperms have evolved multiple breeding systems that allow reproductive success under varied conditions. Striking among these are cleistogamous breeding systems, where individuals can produce alternative flower types specialized for distinct mating strategies. Cleistogamy is thought to be environmentally-dependent, but little is known about environmental triggers. If production of alternate flowers is environmentally induced, populations may evolve locally adapted responses. Mimulus douglasii, exhibits a cleistogamous breeding system, and ranges across temperature and day-length gradients, providing an ideal system to investigate environmental parameters that control cleistogamy. Methods We compared flowering responses across Mimulus douglasii population accessions that produce distinct outcrossing and self-pollinating flower morphs. Under controlled conditions, we determined time to flower, and number and type of flowers produced under different temperatures and day lengths. Key results Temperature and day length both affect onset of flowering. Long days shift flower type from predominantly chasmogamous to cleistogamous. The strength of the response to day length varies across accessions whether temperature varies or is held constant. Conclusions Cleistogamy is an environmentally sensitive polyphenism in Mimulus douglasii, allowing transition from one mating strategy to another. Longer days induce flowering and production of cleistogamous flowers. Shorter days induce chasmogamous flowers. Population origin has a small effect on response to environmental cues.
The Isolation of Herpes Simplex Virus from Rabbit Corneas during Latency

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency, as operationally defined, is a state in which cell-free infectious virus cannot be demonstrated in tissue at the time of sacrifice, but infectious virus can be isolated from the same tissue after prolonged cultivation. Latent HSV has been routinely detected in sensory ganglia of the infected dermatome. We have isolated HSV-1 (RE) from the corneas of 11% of infected rabbits which harbored virus in a latent state in trigeminal ganglia. HSV-1 (RE) was isolated from 10 of 88 cultures of corneal cells established following collagenase digestion of individual corneas taken from asymptomatic animals 118 days after infection. Virus was recovered only after prolonged primary culture and in some cases serial passage of corneal cells (range 5 to 26 days to initial cytopathic effect, n = 10). Virus was isolated from 68 of 68 trigeminal ganglia from the same rabbits by cocultivation of ganglion pieces with Vero cells (range 9 to 20 days to initial cytopathic effect, n = 68) while no cell-free virus was isolated from ganglia at the time of sacrifice. Virus isolation from corneas during the latent period occurred in a manner independent of prior antiviral or antiviral plus immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical evaluation of the corneas throughout the course of acute disease, stromal disease, and at the time of sacrifice provided no evidence that could be used to predict which corneas would yield virus. These data suggest that HSV-1 can remain in a nonreplicative state characteristic of latency in cells of rabbit corneas for long periods after infection and therapy of herpetic eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:357-364, 1989 The pathogenesis of herpetic eye disease is a multifaceted problem in which inherited properties of both the virus and the host, together with the unique anatomical structure of the eye, present a spectrum of manifestations of infection. One universal manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, however, is the establishment of a latent infection in the sensory neurons which serve the infected dermatome. 1 ' 2 The operational definition of HSV latency has been that infectious virus can be isolated upon prolonged cocultivation of cells or organ cultures prepared from sensory ganglia which serve the site of initial infection, while no cell-free infectious virus can be detected in either the ganglia or tissues of the in
Across the Life Span

Prerequisite skills for doing more advanced child, adolescent, and geriatric role plays include self-awareness , open-ended inquiries , obtaining theory of illness , eliciting feelings and responding to feelings, and identifying strengths/ affirmations (see Introduction and Chaps. 1– 8).
Torture and the Regulation of the Health Care Professions

Stories about doctors involved with torture routinely contain statements that doctors are bound by a "code of ethics" that prohibits them from participating in torture. The question is, though, of what use is the code of ethics if doctors are a necessary part of torture and torture is practiced by 150 countries? Is there a disconnect between conditions that require the presence of a doctor and conditions under which the code of ethics applies? Are there two kinds of doctors, those that can assist in torture, and those that cannot? Are there laws regarding torture that exempt doctors? I examine those questions in this paper. In the first section I identify the laws that prohibit torture, and then briefly describe the concerted efforts of the Executive Branch of the United States Government to disentangle the U.S. from its legal obligations not to torture. I intend to show there are no exemptions from the laws on torture for the health care professions (HCP). In the second section I describe the existing regulation of the health care professions, distinguishing the regulation of medical doctors from other health care professions, and describing the discrepancy between medical training and the license to practice given to medical doctors by their licensing authority. Although doctors are only trained (competent) in a few of the many known health care modalities, they are legally competent to undertake and manage all but a few of the modalities. This points to one of the themes of this paper, that the rhetoric and regulation of medicine are not coherent. In the section that follows I identify and discuss the ethical code that is referred to by journalists, lawyers, human rights activists, doctors, historians, and other experts when discussing the presence of health care professionals before, during and after torture. I conclude it is weak, has no legal authority, perhaps being nothing more than a reference to a character trait of some HCPs, and is therefore insufficient as regulation of the problem of HCPs and torture. Finally, I propose two independent regulatory approaches to the problem of HCPs and torture. I begin with the observation that HCPs are regulated by the states, that state-based regulation does not by design look beyond state borders, and that it fails on two fronts. First, it does not distinguish between the two types of employment facing its graduates, work primarily for patients, or primarily for an institution. Beyond the general training those whose primary loyalty will be to patients should be on one track, those whose primary loyalty will be to institutions should be on another track, and the licensing scheme should recognize that. Second, the legally mandated adherence of the licensee to a code of ethics is weakened to virtual non-existence at the state border. The state should criminalize torture for every HCP that trains or ever has privileges in the state. Each of these failures or inefficiencies can be remedied by statute in such a way that the state functions to implement the otherwise weak code of ethics.
Multiple Criteria Optimization; A State of the Art Review

This paper reviews some important concepts, theories and techniques for multiple criteria optimization and decision making. The classes of MCDM problems considered highlight deterministic vs. stochastic and implicit constraint (or discrete alternatives) vs. explicit constraints problems.
The Jacobean Theater of Horror

The playwrights of early modern Britain, including Marlowe, Kyd, Webster, and Shakespeare, created immensely popular works that explore, in gory detail, themes of blood revenge and the horror that it breeds in the viscera of the social body. Today, interest in revenge horror is seeing a marked resurgence of popularity. This chapter explicates the horror of early modern tragedy, from its onstage inception with Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy to the plays of John Webster, tracing links between tragedies of blood and current horror fiction and film. Aside from exploring the motifs and images that recur in these not-so-distinct genres, such as dismemberment, incest, and cannibalism, the chapter treats the archetypal figure of the hero-avenger, who—like potentially any ordinary person—harbors a monster within.
De novo temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity after laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy predicts poor seizure outcome.

Abstract Objective To evaluate EEG abnormalities, particularly development of temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA) after laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and assess the role of further surgery after LITT. Methods We retrospectively identified consecutive cases of LITT for the prevalence of post-operative TIRDA. We assessed baseline demographics, clinical variables including age of seizure onset, age at surgery, pre-operative and post-operative EEG changes. Results 40 patients underwent LITT for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 29 met inclusion criteria. Median duration of follow-up was 15 months. Ten patients had post-LITT ipsilateral TIRDA, another two demonstrated post-operative TIRDA but they occurred contralateral to the side of ablation. None of the patients with TIRDA on their post-LITT EEG became seizure-free. Six out of 29 patients (21%) eventually required anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), and of those 6 patients 4 (66%) had evidence of TIRDA on their post-LITT follow up EEG. The sensitivity and specificity of post-LITT TIRDA in predicting surgical failure was 57.14% and 100% respectively. Conclusions Post-LITT TIRDA may serve as a biomarker to predict unsuccessful seizure outcome following LITT and be an early indicator for ATL. Significance The presence of TIRDA following LITT should prompt early consideration for reoperation.
“Now is Not the Time to Take a Breather”: United States Federal Land Management Agency Professionals’ Perceptions at the 40th Anniversary of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977

AbstractPoor air quality has long been one of the dominant transboundary issues facing protected areas worldwide. In 1977, the United States Congress amended the Clean Air Act to address federally-...
Partnering with postdocs: a library model for supporting postdoctoral researchers and educating the academic research community

Background: A mutually beneficial need exists between postdoctoral scholars (postdocs) who want to grow their science communication, networking, and teaching skills and those in the general health sciences research community who want to learn more about specialized topics. Recognizing this need, interdepartmental teams at two public universities began offering postdocs a teaching opportunity at their health sciences libraries, which serve as discipline-neutral learning spaces for researchers. Case Presentation: At the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), postdocs are invited to submit talk proposals on “how to do something” related to the health sciences. Selected postdoc speakers conduct one-hour talks, get science communication and teaching support, have their talks uploaded to YouTube, and receive feedback from attendees. Conclusions: Postdoc participants appreciated being able to participate in this program, and attendees strongly indicated that the talks are of value. At VCU, surveys of the 25 talks from 2015–2018 showed that 91% of attendees believed they had a better understanding of the topic because of their attendance, and 85% planned to use the knowledge they gained. More than a year after their talks, several postdocs across both institutions informed the coordinators that they were subsequently contacted for advice or further discussion, with 2 postdocs stating that it helped them with job opportunities. This model can be easily adapted at other health sciences libraries to benefit their academic communities.
A whirlwind introduction to computer graphics

Provide a background for the amazing things you will see at SIGGRAPH Asia 2019Create an understanding of common computer graphics vocabularyHelp you understand the significance of the images and animations that you will seeProvide references for further study
Early Detection of Sepsis Using Feature Selection, Feature Extraction, and Neural Network Classification

Introduction: This work represents an entry to the 2019 PhysioNET Computing in Cardiology Challenge.Algorithm: Using the supplied biomedical data, we reduce the original 40 features to 10 principal components. One additional feature is generated from a quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. These 11 features are then fed into a deep neural network classifier implemented in Tensorflow. The features associated with each hour are analyzed independently. A sigmoid function is used for the activation functions, RMSprop for the optimizer functions, and categorical cross entropy for the loss function. We have found that this setup works best for our current method and leads to the highest accuracy with minimal loss.Results: By testing our algorithm on a subset of the given dataset we achieved a validation score of 0.038. The official score received from the competition (under the team name "Whitaker’s Warriors") was 0.022 placing us 65th out of the 78 scored entries.Conclusions: Achieving a positive utility score of 0.022 shows our method of combining PCA with a quick SOFA score and classifying with a neural network is a promising approach. More work in the future could be done to increase the accuracy of the model by adding additional features to the input of the classifier and adjusting the parameters of the neural network.
Abstract 3765: c-Kit mediated phosphorylation of Spred1 regulates Neurofibromin-Spred1 interaction

Spred1 negatively regulates Ras/MAPK signaling following growth factor stimulation. Spred1 inhibits Ras by binding and localizing Neurofibromin, a RasGAP, to the plasma membrane to accelerate Ras GTPase activity. c-Kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is known to interact with Spred1 but the consequence of this interaction is unknown. Here we demonstrate that c-Kit signaling regulates Neurofibromin-Spred1 interaction. Stimulation with c-Kit ligand, SCF, results in a transient disruption in Neurofibromin-Spred1 binding which corresponds to increased Ras signaling, followed by restoration of Neurofibromin-Spred binding which corresponds to nearly basal levels of Ras signaling. Mass spectrometry analysis identified potential phosphorylation sites on Spred1 that correspond to the initial disruption and later restoration of Neurofibromin-Spred1 binding. Phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient mutants affect the interaction. Our findings provide a potential mechanism by which RTK signaling regulates negative feedback to allow transient activation and subsequent termination of Ras signaling. Citation Format: Claire Lorenzo, Lucy C. Young, Alexandra Tannka, Anatoly Urisman, Frank McCormick. c-Kit mediated phosphorylation of Spred1 regulates Neurofibromin-Spred1 interaction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3765.
AUF1 gene transfer increases exercise performance and improves skeletal muscle deficit in adult mice

Muscle function and mass begin declining in adults long before evidence of sarcopenia and include reduced mitochondrial function, although much remains to be characterized. We found that mRNA decay factor AU-rich mRNA binding factor 1 (AUF1), which stimulates myogenesis, is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle of adult and older mice in the absence of evidence of sarcopenia. Muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV)8-AUF1 gene therapy increased expression of AUF1, muscle function, and mass. AAV8 AUF1 muscle gene transfer in 12-month-old mice increased the levels of activated muscle stem (satellite) cells, increased muscle mass, reduced markers of muscle atrophy, increased markers of mitochondrial content and muscle fiber oxidative capacity, and enhanced exercise performance to levels of 3-month-old mice. With wild-type and AUF1 knockout mice and cultured myoblasts, AUF1 supplementation of muscle fibers was found to increase expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α), a major effector of skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. AUF1 stabilized and increased translation of the pgc1α mRNA, which is strongly reduced in adult muscle in the absence of AUF1 supplementation. Skeletal muscle-specific gene transfer of AUF1 therefore restores muscle mass, increases exercise endurance, and may provide a therapeutic strategy for age-related muscle loss.
Changes in the Hierarchy of Functional Impairment from Middle Age to Older Age.

Background Understanding the hierarchy of functional impairment in older adults has helped illuminate mechanisms of impairment and inform interventions, but little is known about whether hierarchies vary by age. We compared the pattern of new-onset impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) from middle age through older age. Methods We conducted a cohort study using nationally representative data from 32486 individuals enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study. The outcomes were new-onset impairment in each ADL and IADL, defined as self-reported difficulty performing each task, assessed yearly for 9 years. We used multi-state models and competing risks survival analysis to estimate the cumulative incidence of impairment in each task by age group (ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 or older). Results The pattern of incident ADL impairments differed by age group. Among individuals ages 50-64 and 65-74 who were independent at baseline, over 9 years' follow-up, difficulties dressing and transferring were the most common impairments to develop. In individuals ages 75-84 and 85 or older who were independent at baseline, difficulties bathing, dressing, and walking were most common. For IADLs, the pattern of impairments was similar across age groups; difficulty shopping was most common followed by difficulty managing money and preparing meals. Complementary analyses demonstrated a similar pattern. Conclusions These findings suggest that the hierarchy of ADL impairment differs by age. These findings have implications for the development of age-specific interventions to prevent or delay functional impairment.
The Character of Freedom: Reviewing Lawrie Reznek, Evil or Ill? Justifying the Insanity Defense

In Evil Or Ill? Justifying the Insanity Defense, Lawrie Reznek, a professor of psychiatry, attempts to explain and justify the insanity defense as a reflection of society's wish to punish only those individuals whose criminal acts demonstrate free will and an evil character. Accordingly, Reznek argues, criminal excuses, including insanity, ought to be most successful with a jury when they persuade the jury that the person charged is actually a good person and/or acted involuntarily. The review essay contends that the character theory of blame is a provocative and even compelling one that helps explain legal phenomena (such as the predisposition component of entrapment prosecutions) that are otherwise largely elusive. The essay concludes, however, that the embrace of both a character theory and a robust theory of individual autonomy leads to a paradox: an abiding evil personal characteristic is both aggravating (because it results in crimes that manifest a bad character and are therefore inexcusable) and mitigating (because it reduces the subject's freedom to choose the good and thus may support "diminished capacity" excuses). In the end, the essay proposes a theory of blame in which it substitutes for autonomy a construct called "character detection conditions -- conditions under which a person with a "good character" will predictably do the right thing and a person with a "bad character" will predictably do the wrong thing -- as a prerequisite for blame. One would, on this approach, refrain from condemning or convicting an individual for committing a criminal act if the conditions surrounding her act negate any negative character inferences one might otherwise be inclined to draw.
A Simple Optimal Parallel Algorithm to Solve the Lowest Common Ancestor Problem

The problem of computing the lowest common ancestors of all pairs of nodes in a rooted tree is central in a large number of practical applications. The purpose of this note is to propose a very simple cost-optimal parallel algorithm to solve the lowest common ancestor problem. More precisely, with an n-node rooted tree as input, our algorithm runs in O(log n) time using O(n2/log n) processors in the EREW-PRAM model.
The combinatorics of sequencing the corn genome

The scientific community is engaged in an ongoing, concerted effort to sequence the corn (also known as maize) genome. This genome is approximately 2.5 billion nucleotides long with an estimated 65-80team of university and private laboratory researchers under the auspices of NSF/USDA/DOE is working towards deciphering the majority of the sequence information including all genes, determining their order and orientation, and anchoring them to genetic/physical maps. In this talk, I will present some of the combinatorial problems that arise in this context and outline the role of graph, string and parallel algorithms in solving them.
Transmitter leakage analysis when operating USRP (N210) in duplex mode

The main challenge of operating a radio in full duplex mode, is the direct feedback from its transmission to its reception which is the self interference. However, the internal leakage within the radio has the potential to distort the received signal. This paper presents the measured leakage observed in N210 one of the Universal Serial Radio Peripheral (USRP) family of devices. Also, suppression mechanism has been evaluated in both in hardware and software.
Laser-matter interaction in the "relativistic 3" regime

First results of laser matter interaction in the “Relativistic λ3” regime are reported. The spectroscopy of x-rays and scaling laws are studied experimentally. X-ray source size is also measured.