cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selection of input features across subjects for classifying crewmember workload using artificial neural networks

The issue of crewmember workload is important in complex system operation because operator overload leads to decreased mission effectiveness. Psychophysiological research on mental workload uses measures such as electroencephalogram (EEG), cardiac, eye-blink, and respiration measures to identify mental workload levels. This paper reports a research effort whose primary objective was to determine if one parsimonious set of salient psychophysiological features can be identified to accurately classify mental workload levels across multiple test subjects performing a multiple task battery. To accomplish this objective, a stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis heuristic and artificial neural network feature selection with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used. In general, EEG power in the 31-40-Hz frequency range and ocular input features appeared highly salient. The second objective was to assess the feasibility of a single model to classify mental workload across different subjects. A classification accuracy of 87% was obtained for seven independent validation subjects using neural network models trained with data from other subjects. This result provides initial evidence for the potential use of generalized classification models in multitask workload assessment.
Racial disparities in magazine coverage of mammography.

CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts Abstract #5100 Background: African-American (AA) women are diagnosed with breast cancer later, at a higher stage disease, and have a higher mortality than European-American (EA) women. AA women have a lower rate of mammography screening and this lower rate may account, in part, for AA women's more severe disease at diagnosis and higher mortality. One possible reason for this racial disparity in mammography screening may be that AA women receive a different message than EA women from mass circulation magazines about mammography. Material and Methods: A computer-aided content analysis was performed of AA and EA women's magazines with a circulation of greater than one million that contained at least 1,000 words across all the mammography-related articles or sections of articles that were published between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2007. The words that shared similar meanings were grouped into seven categories: (1) religiosity, (2) activity, (3) positive and (4) negative emotions, (5) medical terms, (6) risk factors, (7) race portrayed, by which is meant when race was noted in articles as African American/Black or European American/White. The frequencies of each word were counted across all articles by type of magazine, i.e., predominately AA readers and EA readers. The Pearson product-moment method was used to calculate correlations, the Student's t-test was used for correlated samples to compare the means of the continuous variables, and McNemar's test was used to assess the difference between two correlated proportions. Significance was set at the 0.05 level. Results: The magazines that met the study criteria were the African-American magazines Ebony and Essence and the European-American magazines Good Housekeeping, Marie Claire, Redbook, and Vogue . The six magazines yielded the following total number of words per magazine that focused on mammography: (a) Ebony : 17,221 words, (b) Essence : 20,257 words, (c) Good Housekeeping : 12,998 words, (d) Marie Claire : 7,654 words, (e) Redbook : 29,201 words, and (f) Vogue : 11,482 words. The word categories were compared in terms of their relative word frequencies, AA and EA. ![][1] Discussion: There were clear differences in the mammography messages presented in the AA and the EA magazines. The AA magazines contained more references to religiosity, activity, positive and negative emotions, and risk. It was striking that racial references to African Americans were ubiquitous in the African-American magazines, whereas, racial references to either African Americans or European Americans were almost completely absent from the European-American magazines. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5100. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Lung cyclic AMP: selective decrease with hypoxia.

SummaryRats, food-deprived and exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7193 m or 23,600 ft) for 24 hr showed a significant decrease in lung adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Lung guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) was unaltered as well as liver cAMP and cGMP. In contrast, rats fasted for 72 hr showed a significant threefold increase in lung cAMP and eightfold increase in liver cAMP. Endogenous cGMP for both tissues was unchanged by a 72-hr fast. These data indicate that acute hypoxic stress has a selective action in decreasing lung cAMP and that this effect is not related to anorexia.Supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant No. 2767. We thank M. E. Shaw and E. G. Whittle for expert assistance, and W. C. Hymer and R. J. Martin for critical review of the manuscript.
Types of Disturbances of Mineral Metabolism Associated With Bone Dystrophies

In addition to rickets arising from diets deficient in vitamin D or salts of calcium or phosphorus, bone dystrophy has been noted in various disturbances of mineral metabolism which lead to imperfect deposition of the mineral constituents of bone, or to their excessive mobilization. Because of the similarity of clinical picture and the mechanics of production, the term rickets may justifiably be applied to the whole of this diverse group of bone dystrophies. Those cases arising from deficient absorption of inorganic bone constituents should be considered of exogenous origin, whether the deficient absorption be due to inadequate intake of minerals or of vitamin D, to inadequate ultraviolet irradiation, or to other cause. Those instances in which the metabolic disturbance is not dependent upon inadequate absorption are secondary to some endogenous disturbance of metabolism.Several patients with endogenous rickets have been studied intensively in this clinic, and while their bone lesions were very similar, t...
Shakespeare at Antioch, 1957: Past Record and Present Achievement

URING its first five years, the Antioch Shakespeare Festival put Antioch College and Yellow Springs, Ohio, on the map t9 d by undertaking to produce the entire canon. Since the noble experiment ended last year and the Festival has now embarked on a more modest schedule, the record of those first five not-always-starlit summers is worth reviewing as partial explanation of the nature of this season's repertory: Henry VIII, Julius Caesar, Twelfth Night, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Under Arthur Lithgow's guidance, "Shakespeare Under the Stars" began in I952 with the eight Chronicle Plays (including a collapsed version of the Henry VI trilogy), presented to suggest that Shakespeare had seen the entire sweep of English history from King John to Henry VIII in a single vision. In 1953, a cycle of seven Greek and Roman Plays revealed surprisingly little thematic coherence, but the chance to see such rarely performed works as Pericles, Timon of Athens, and Titus Andronicus made the season a scholar's delight. From 1954 to 1956, the three repertories inevitably contained fewer rarities and a preponderance of comedies; Hamlet and King Lear were reserved for the fifth repertory (I956) and, especially when the magnificent Antioch King Lear emerged, one saw Lithgow's wisdom in waiting until these plays could be staged against the widest possible experience in Shakespearian production. Many lessons were being learned during this period, not only by the actors and directors, but by audiences as well. Indeed, a pervasive sense of discovery gave those five years a special excitement felt by everyone who found his way to this small Ohio town. The Antioch stage, stark in its openness but unlimitedly flexible with its many playing areas, implied the Elizabethan theatre without any oppressive antiquarianism. Audiences learned to detach themselves from the proscenium and entered easily the theatricalized worlds opened before them. Every season we learned anew the strengths and weaknesses of repertory companies. Watching promising newcomers learning from more experienced hands in a breathtaking variety of roles, hearing actors achieve a feeling for Shakespeare's lines, Antioch audiences learned how Elizabethans undoubtedly followed Shakespeare and his acting fellows. The little-known plays revealed unsuspected strengths, and on occasion, as with the intractable Two Noble Kinsmen, audiences willingly allowed Shakespeare but the smallest share in joint-authorship. Most important, everyone ultimately grasped the coherence amidst complexity which the entire canon represents.
Effect of Low Atmospheric Pressure on the Adrenals, Thymus and Testes of Rats

SummaryRats exposed to low atmospheric pressure for more than 2 days exhibited a significant increase in adrenal weight and a significant decrease in the weight of the thymus and testes. This pattern is similar to that found following other forms of stress. No significant effect of diet upon this change was demonstrated.
Lifetime Changes in Financial Problems of Farmers

Since we are interested in discussing financial problems of farmers, a scheme for classifying these problems is needed. A possibility is to classify on the basis of financial experiences that farmers typically encounter at different stages in their life-spans. One way to do this is to consider the farmers' age as the classifying variable. In this case, one might delimit stages by setting specific age boundaries such as young farmers (less than 35), middle-aged farmers 35-54), and older farmers (55 and older). A parallel classification but oriented more toward the firm is Garoian and Haseley's characterization of stages as establishment, expansion, and consolidation." And there are many others. In fact, any number of classification schemes could be advanced that are in some way correlated with a farmer's life-span. And the usefulness of these constructs would vary depending upon the objectives of the analysis. The dividing lines between stages are often difficult to define. Overlap among stages will occur and thus some misclassification will also occur. But in spite of the many shortcomings, the general concept of stages is useful in classifying events that are common to various phases in a farmer's life-span.
Study of the Influence of Shed Shapes of UHV Composite Post Insulators on DC Pollution Flashover Performance at High Altitude

In this paper, the influence of shed shape on the DC pollution flashover performance of composite post insulator at high attitude areas is studied. Artificial pollution tests were carried out on six composite post insulators with four different shed shapes and one composite post insulator without shed. All experiments were taken place in National Engineering Laboratory of Ultra High Voltage Engineering Technology(Kunming) at high altitude areas(2100m). The relationship between the utilization coefficient of creepage distance and the shed shape was analyzed. The ultraviolet photons of partial discharge phenomena of samples and the total counts of the ultraviolet photons were characterized with an ultraviolet camera(UVC). The development path of arcs along the surface was observed using a high speed camera. In addition, the influence of the shed parameters of composite post insulators(with shed shape of alternating large and medium shed and four small sheds(denoted by LMS)) on DC pollution flashover voltage were analyzed. The results showed that the shed shape of alternating large and two small sheds(denoted by LSS) among the four shed shapes was the most optimal one which had the highest DC pollution flashover voltage, most effective coefficient of creepage distance of this shed shape and the lowest shed shape is the same shed overhang(denoted by SS). The effective coefficient of creepage distance of all specimens was increased with the increment of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD). The number of ultraviolet photons of SS shed shape is largest and the phenomenon of arc bridging is the most seriously which leads to the reduction of the utilization coefficient of creepage distance. Therefore, the composite post insulator with the shed shape of alternating large and small shed had less ultraviolet photons, less arc bridging and higher utilization rate of creepage distance. The recommending range of creepage coefficient for composite post insulator of LMS shed shape is about 3.5 at high altitude areas. The shed spacing between adjacent sheds should be larger than 35 mm. Since the phenomenon of partial arc bridging between adjacent sheds is the most serious, it is difficult for LMS shed shape to improve the pollution flashover voltage by changing its shed parameters. Therefore, LSS shed shape outperforms LMS shed shape.
Relationship Functioning in Vietnam Veteran Couples: The Roles of PTSD and Anger.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger have been implicated separately in relationship dysfunction for veterans; however, no studies have simultaneously examined the roles of each of these constructs. Method This study examined the roles of PTSD and anger in the relationships of Vietnam veterans and their partners (n = 33 couples) with actor–partner interdependence modeling (APIM). Couples in which the veteran was diagnosed with PTSD (PTSD-positive; n = 20) were compared to couples in which the veteran did not have PTSD (PTSD-negative; n = 13) on measures of frequency of anger and relationship functioning. Results PTSD-positive and PTSD-negative couples reported similar levels of relationship functioning, yet PTSD-positive veterans reported experiencing anger significantly more often than PTSD-negative veterans. Across groups, anger was predictive of relationship functioning, but PTSD severity was not. Conclusions Trait anger may have a more deleterious effect on relationship functioning than PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Update On Light Higgs’ Searches

We review current knowledge about the existence of light Higgs bosons, present new experimental results and discuss the implications of new theoretical calculations.
Introduction: Reconfiguring Precarious Landscapes: The Road Movie in Latin America

Forty minutes into Walter Salles’s Diarios de motocicleta (2004), the bikers Ernesto Guevara (Gael Garcia Bernal) and Alberto Granados (Rodrigo de la Serna) bump into a herd of cows while traveling an unpaved Chilean road and wreck their already unreliable motorcycle, which they have ironically named La Poderosa (the mighty one). An editing cut takes viewers to the back of a truck that transports the protagonists and their broken motorcycle to Los Angeles, the nearest town with a repair shop. They share the space with a cow and two indigenous men, a Mapuche father (Juan Maliqueo) and his son (Samuel Cifuentes), who are conversing in Mapudungun. The camera pans to show us Ernesto’s fascination with the pair of indigenous men, the first of a number of indigenous peoples they will encounter during their journey. A cut to a close-up of the cow’s face from Ernesto’s point of view is followed by Ernesto’s attempt to reciprocate the generosity of the locals who are giving them a ride by offering his expert medical opinion: “That cow’s going blind.” The son replies with indifference to Ernesto’s diagnosis and surprises both Ernesto and the viewers by making a nonchalant observation that is nonetheless replete with social critique: “All she’s going to see is shit.” Although seemingly inconsequential in the broader context of the film, this brief scene encapsulates several distinctive features that make Latin American road movies unique: the tense relationship of Latin American countries with modernity as epitomized by the precarious infrastructures and the uneven access to motorized vehicles and other modern technological advances; and the use of nonprofessional actors, shooting on location, and natural lighting as neorealist techniques to showcase such tough realities of the region as persistent poverty, class differences, and marginalization of indigenous populations.
Abstract #3977: Inhibition of p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) increases radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Purpose: For patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer, biochemical and clinical relapse after radiotherapy remains a significant problem. New therapeutic target for radiation sensitization is needed. p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the p21-activatedkinase (PAK) family, was first identified as an androgen receptor (AR)-interactingprotein able to inhibit AR-mediated transcriptional responses.In this study, we investigated the role of PAK6 in radiation-induced cell death in human PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Experimental Design: We used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to stably knock down PAK6 in PC-3 and DU-145 cells.Radiation sensitivities were compared in PAK6 stably knockdown cells and in scrambled shRNA-expressing cells. Results: 6 Gy of irradiation upregulated PAK6 mRNA and protein levels in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Transfection with PAK6 shRNA resultedin a significant decrease of PAK6 mRNA and protein expression. After irradiation, an increased percentage of apoptoticcells and an increased cleaved caspase 3 level in parallel witha decreased cell viability and a reduced clonogenic survivalwas shown. Furthermore, transfection withPAK6 shRNA blocked cells in a more radiosensitive G2/M phaseand increased levels of DNA double-strand breaks as indicated by a higher amount of \#947;-H2AX in irradiated cells.We further explored the potential mechanisms by which PAK6 mediates resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of PAK6 caused a decrease in Ser112 phosphorylation of BAD, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, which led to enhanced binding of BAD to Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and release ofcytochrome c culminating into caspase activation and cell apoptosis. Conclusions: The combination of PAK6 inhibition and irradiation resulted in significantly decreased survival of prostate cancer cells. The underlying mechanisms by which targeting Pak6 may improve radiation response seem to be multifaceted, and involve alterations in cell cycle distribution and impaired DNA double-strand break repair as well as relieved BAD phosphorylation. Additional studies are ongoing to validate PAK6 as a target for radiation sensitization in animal models of prostate cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3977.
THE THEORY OF THE REFRACTION OF A SHORT CRESTED GAUSSIAN SEA SURFACE WITH APPLICATION TO THE NORTHERN NEW JERSEY COAST

The Thorndike Barnhart Dictionary (1951) defines a wave as a "moving ridge or swell of water." Almost everyone will agree to this definition. Milne-Thompson (1938) in Theoretical Hydrodynamics begins Chapter Fourteen on waves with the two paragraphs quoted in full below: "14.10 Wave motion. A wave motion of a liquid acted upon by gravity and having a free surface is a motion in which the elevation of the free surface above some chosen fixed horizontal plane varies with time. Taking the axis of x to be horizontal and the axis of z to be vertically upwards, a motion in which the vertical section of the free surface at time t is of the form z = a sin(mx - nt) (1), where a, m, n are constants, is called a simple harmonic progressive wave."
Effect of Sucrose Esters in Combination with Selected Mold Inhibitors on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus1

The effects of sucrose esterified with a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids (commonly referred to as sucrose ester) in combination with cinnamon, potassium sorbate, or calcium propionate on growth of and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus was studied in broths at two pH values. Cinnamon in combination with sucrose ester did not result in additive or synergistic inhibitory effects on growth or aflatoxin production. At pH 4.0, subinhibitory amounts of cinnamon were stimulatory toward growth and antagonistic to inhibition of growth by sucrose ester. Complete inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production was observed with a cinnamon level of 1.0%, alone and in combination with sucrose ester. Low levels (0.1%) of calcium propionate or potassium sorbate combined with sucrose ester did not enhance inhibition of growth or aflatoxin production. A synergistic effect on inhibition of growth was observed with high levels of propionate or sorbate in combination with sucrose ester, while aflatoxin production remained relatively unaffected. However, subinhibitory levels of propionate resulted in a 10-fold increase of aflatoxin production and a shift in the ratio of aflatoxin B1 and G1, from 1:1 to 1:8. Subinhibitory levels of sorbate also caused a stimulation of aflatoxin production during the latter stages of incubation, though to a lesser degree than propionate.
Modeling the resilience of critical infrastructure: the role of network dependencies

AbstractWater and wastewater network, electric power network, transportation network, communication network, and information technology network are among the critical infrastructure in our communities; their disruption during and after hazard events greatly affects communities’ well-being, economic security, social welfare, and public health. In addition, a disruption in one network may cause disruption to other networks and lead to their reduced functionality. This paper presents a unified theoretical methodology for the modeling of dependent/interdependent infrastructure networks and incorporates it in a six-step probabilistic procedure to assess their resilience. Both the methodology and the procedure are general, can be applied to any infrastructure network and hazard, and can model different types of dependencies between networks. As an illustration, the paper models the direct effects of seismic events on the functionality of a potable water distribution network and the cascading effects of the dama...
Effect of three-dimensional spine stabilization exercise on trunk muscle strength and gait ability in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background Three-dimensional spine stabilization exercise can strengthen the trunk muscles with minimal spine movement. Objective To investigate the effects of the newly developed Spine Balance three-dimensional (3D) system on trunk strength and gait abilities of chronic stroke patients. Methods Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 12) or control group (n = 12). The experimental and control groups performed spine stabilization exercise by using the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system and the well-known Bridge exercise thrice a week for 30 min per day for 7 weeks. Timed up and go (TUG) test, 10-m walking test (10-m WT), trunk muscle strength, and gait ability were evaluated before and after 7 weeks of intervention. Results The 10-m WT, TUG, walking speed, non-affected side step length, and distance in the experimental group, wherein trunk muscle strength was checked by using the Spine Balance 3D system evaluation program, showed more significant improvement than those in the control group (p Conclusion We suggest that the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system can be a more useful therapeutic tool for rehabilitation of trunk muscle strength and gait abilities than bridge exercise-based spine stabilization exercise in chronic stroke patients.
MTComm: A Semantic Ontology Based Internet Scale Communication Method of Manufacturing Services in a Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud

A Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud (CPMC) is an Internet-of-Things (IoT) enabled manufacturing framework that facilitates monitoring and operation of manufacturing machine tools remotely through the integration of IoT, cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, and advanced manufacturing technologies. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop a communication method of manufacturing services over the Internet in order to access and manage manufacturing resources from the cloud. This paper presents a semantic ontology based Internet scale communication method of manufacturing services named Machine Tool Communication (MTComm) in a CPMC to enable manufacturing with various physically connected machines from geographically distributed locations over the Internet. This paper presents design of an agent-adapter architecture of the communication method of exchanging manufacturing services across Internet, a semantic ontological representation of manufacturing machines and services, and specification of the ontology based MTComm method. It is the first Internet scale manufacturing service communication method of enabling manufacturing operations over the internet in addition to monitoring manufacturing services. MTComm is a significant improvement over the MTConnect, a widely popular communication method of manufacturing services which allows only monitoring machine tools over the Internet. It is implemented and tested in a testbed of the CPMC to analyze its performance in multiple manufacturing application scenarios. The experiments demonstrate excellent feasibility of monitoring and performing manufacturing operations over the Internet.
Trait attentional control modulates neurofunctional response to threat distractors in anxiety and depression

Accumulating data suggest attentional control capability varies across psychiatric diagnostic boundaries. The Attentional Control Scale (ACS) assesses self-reported trait attentional control (TAC) and tracks the anterior attention system. Greater TAC is associated with less negative affect, however, its mechanisms in anxiety and depression are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined whether individual differences in TAC modulated top-down mechanisms in a clinical sample. During fMRI, 104 patients with social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and/or major depression and 34 healthy participants completed a validated attentional control paradigm comprising strings of letters superimposed on threatening and neutral face distractors. In the low perceptual load condition, a target letter was in a string of identical letters. In the high load condition, a target letter was in a mixed letter string. Whole-brain regression results for low load revealed more activation to threat (vs. neutral) distractors in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex was predicted by better TAC (i.e., higher ACS scores). For high load, regression results showed less activation to threat (vs. neutral) distractors in the inferior frontal gyrus was predicted by better TAC. An exploratory whole-brain ANOVA revealed a main effect of group in the superior temporal gyrus and a main effect of perceptual load in parietal, frontal, and limbic regions. No other effects were detected and activation derived from significant ANOVA results did not correlate with ACS scores. In conclusion, regression findings suggest individual differences in brain-behavioral ACS-related activity in frontal structures may be useful in identifying phenotypes in internalizing conditions.
Examination of the Neonate

The examination of the newborn infant relies mainly on observation and the elicitation of responses to manipulation. There are three important rules to keep in mind: 1. The neurological examination will be abnormal if the child is ill for any reason. 2. The findings can be expected to vary daily, especially if the infant was the product of a difficult labor or delivery. 3. The findings are highly dependent on the infant’s state at the time of the examination.
Ischemic and Visceral Pain

Ischemic pain is a distinct type of pain associated with decreased or complete cessation of blood flow rather than direct damage to tissues or neuropathic processes. The variety of pathological conditions which produce arterial or venous blood flow obstruction will be discussed. Ischemic pain is often intractable and requires acute intervention aimed at reperfusion of the ischemic tissues. This chapter describes various pain management tools which may be utilized for treatment of patients with chronic ischemic pain as adjuncts to reperfusion techniques for the most common condition associated with ischemic pain, peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
Consideration of the Cell Cycle in Chemotherapy of Acute Leukemia

There is now convincing evidence that it is possible to regularly cure certain experimental leukemias by using chemotherapeutic schedules specifically designed to exploit known information about the kinetic behavior of the leukemic cells, whereas other treatment schedules employing the same or higher total doses of the same drugs fail to effect any cures [1–9]. Much greater difficulty is encountered in treating spontaneous animal leukemias and human leukemia effectively, and the present paper is concerned with what we believe are the main reasons for these different results. To help focus attention on some of the critical points, two representative studies in patients with acute leukemia will be described for illustrative purposes, and general conclusions drawn from these studies in the context of previous information.
Ridge characteristics as influenced by ridge building methods

3 5 INTRODUCTION 3 6 MATERIALS AND METHODS 39 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 46 Soil Growing Degree Days 46 Soil Water Content 57 Soil Air-Filled Porosity 57 Soil Water Desorption Characteristic 62 Soil Penetration Resistance 65 CONCLUSION 68 REFERENCES 69 GENERAL SUMMARY 72 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 75 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 77 APPENDIX A: RIDGE SHAPES BUILT WITH DIFFERENT TREATMENTS 78 APPENDIX B; ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION (PAPER I) 82
Quantum Theory of Particle Trapping by Oscillating Fields

The technique of trapping atomic particles in electromagnetic fields has opened the possibility of dramatic advances in high-precision spectroscopy. Most theoretical analyses of trapping have thus far been carried out in classical terms, but since the very purpose of such techniques is to minimize the energy of particle motion, it is clear that their success implies a need for quantum mechanical analysis. Only by treating such systems quantum mechanically can we hope to understand the influence of residual particle motions on radiative interactions, or any fundamental limits on the lowest attainable particle temperatures.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer Using Colonoscopy

The first study to clearly demonstrate the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening was a case-control study published in 1992, which found a 60% reduction in distal colorectal cancer mortality associated with sigmoidoscopy [1]. Subsequently, casecontrol studies at the Marshfield Clinic in Wisconsin [2] and in Washington State [3] demonstrated that flexible sigmoidoscopy was associated with an 80% reduction in distal colorectal cancer incidence. In addition, evaluation of a randomized controlled trial of fecal occult blood testing demonstrated that fecal occult blood testing had resulted in not only a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality but also in a 20% reduction in incidence of colorectal cancer [4]. The latter appeared related to identification of large colorectal polyps by fecal occult blood testing and their subsequent removal by colonoscopy and polypectomy. In 1993, evaluation of an adenoma cohort participating in the National Polyp Study reported that colonoscopy and polypectomy was associated with a 76–90% reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer by comparison of incident cancer rates in the adenoma cohort compared to expected rates in three reference populations [5].
Manufacturing Competitiveness Requires More Than Downsizing

Downsizing is currently one of the hottest topics in the country today. In fact, it appears to be the number one management fad. Downsizing, the title of a best-selling book which graphically illustrates its popularity, is an indication that it is a household word in the business world.
Genetics of Thyroid Autoimmunity

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are the commonest autoimmune endocrine diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of AITD as evidenced by the strong familial aggregation of the AITD and the high concordance rates in monozygotic twins. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in our understanding of the genetic contribution to the etiology of AITD, and several major AITD susceptibility genes have been identified and characterized. Some susceptibility genes are specific to either Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, while others are common to both conditions. The first AITD susceptibility gene locus identified was the HLA-DR gene locus. Subsequently, five major non-HLA genes, including the CTLA-4, CD40, PTPN22, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor (TSHR) gene, have been shown to contribute to the susceptibility to AITD; other putative genes are still being tested and confirmed. Excitingly, we are now beginning to unravel the mechanisms by which these AITD susceptibility genes confer risk for disease.
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender Females

The provision of hormone therapy, both estrogens and antiandrogens, to adult transgender females is well within the scope of practice of the obstetrician gynecologist. The goal is to induce feminizing changes and suppress previously developed masculinization. Estrogens in sufficient doses will usually achieve both goals with augmentation by antiandrogens. The primary short-term risk of estrogens is thrombosis, but long-term risk in transgender females is unclear. Optimal care requires pretreatment education and assessment, individualized dosing, ongoing routine monitoring, and standard breast and prostate cancer screening.
KEAP1 gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 for therapeutic NRF2 activation in human T cells

Background T lymphocytes mediate ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) during organ transplantation. We recently demonstrated that augmentation of NRF2 dependent antioxidant response in T lymphocytes by deleting KEAP1 significantly protects from IR induced kidney injury. In order to develop clinically translatable T cell specific antioxidant therapy, we used CRISPR technology to delete KEAP1 , the inhibitor of NRF2, in human Jurkat T cells and primary T cells. Methods We targeted KEAP1 exon 2 using site specific guide RNA. Briefly, 5×10 5 cells were electroporated 1.5μM of Cas9 protein and 1.8μM crRNA:tracrRNA complex. Control cells were electroporated without cas9:guide RNA complex. Cells were harvested 72h after electroporation and assessed for cell number and viability, KEAP1 editing and qPCR based analysis of NRF2 target genes. Results Electroporation of cas9:guide RNA complex had no adverse effect on cell expansion and viability (≥ 95%) in either Jurkat or primary T cells. Furthermore, genomic cleavage analysis showed editing of KEAP1 in upto 75% Jurkat cells. qPCR based studies in Jurkat cells showed significant (p≤0.05) increases in NRF2 targets NQO1 (~10 fold), HO-1 (~13 fold) and GCLM (~2.6 fold) mRNA following KEAP1 deletion, compared to control cells. Similarly, CRISPR mediated KEAP1 editing in primary T cells resulted in significant increase (p≤0.05) in NQO1 (~24 fold), HO-1 (~48 fold), GCLM (~6 fold) and GCLC (~3.5 fold) compared to control cells. Conclusions These data show that KEAP1 editing is feasible using CRISPR technology to augment NRF2 regulated antioxidant response in primary human T cells. This approach could improve immune cell based therapy for IRI during transplantation and help treat allograft rejection.
Abstract 1148: A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus

Recently, we made a provocative and novel discovery in our laboratory that a muscle-specific protein, myoferlin, is markedly upregulated in head and neck cancer cells. Myoferlin is a member of ferlin family of membrane proteins and most of the studies related to myoferlin9s biological and molecular function(s) were carried out on muscle cells, as it was assumed that myoferlin is predominantly present only in the muscle cells. Recent studies have shown that myoferlin is also expressed in endothelial and cancer cells and it modulates VEGFR-2 and EGFR stability and function. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that myoferlin might be regulating IL-6 signaling by modulating IL-6R stabilization and recycling. However, in our immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments, we did not observe myoferlin binding with IL-6R. Instead, we observed that myoferlin is bound to EHD2 protein in the resting cells and when the cells are treated with IL-6, myoferlin dissociates from EHD2 and binds to activated STAT3. Interestingly, myoferlin knock-down did not affect STAT3 phosphorylation, but completely blocked STAT3 translocation to nucleus and expression of its target proteins including Snail and Nanog. In addition, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by phosphorylation defective STAT3 mutants or JAK inhibitor blocked STAT3 binding to myoferlin and nuclear translocation. Myoferlin knockdown significantly decreased IL-6-mediated tumor cell migration, tumorsphere formation and ALDH positive cancer stem cell population, in vitro. Furthermore, myoferlin knockdown significantly decreased IL-6-meditated tumor growth and tumor metastasis, in vivo. Based on these results, we have proposed a novel model for the role of myoferlin in chaperoning phosphorylated STAT3 to the nucleus. Citation Format: Arti Yadav, Bhavna Kumar, Theodoros N. Teknos, Pawan Kumar. A muscle specific protein “myoferlin” modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling by chaperoning activated STAT3 to nucleus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1148.
In-the-Moment Drinking Characteristics: An Examination Across Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder History and Race

Background Adults with a history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Black drinkers are at elevated risk for alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder. Processes that increase risk for these distinct populations have not focused on in-the-moment behaviors that occur while drinking. The present study examined in-the-moment drinking characteristics (i.e., location, social context, day, time, drink type, speed of consumption) that may differ for individuals with and without ADHD histories or for Black and White drinkers. We also examined the interplay among these in-the-moment drinking characteristics to further understanding of contexts when risk may be momentarily increased. Methods As part of a larger study, 135 individuals (Mage = 27.81, 69.6% male, 45.9% ADHD, 69.6% White) completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol that included self-initiated reports following consumption of an alcoholic drink. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling. Results Controlling for multiple demographic covariates, Black drinkers drank significantly more quickly than White drinkers and were more likely to consume hard liquor-containing beverages. Differences in drinking speed remained significant when adjusting for Black drinkers' greater likelihood to consume liquor-containing beverages and momentary experience of discrimination; however, Black drinkers' increased likelihood to consume liquor-containing beverages was no longer significant when adjusting for momentary experience of discrimination. Individuals with ADHD histories did not differ from those without ADHD histories in any in-the-moment drinking characteristics. ADHD and race did not interact to predict any drinking characteristic. Conclusions Differences in speed of alcohol consumption and propensity to consume liquor-containing beverages may contribute to increased risk for alcohol problems experienced by Black drinkers compared to White drinkers.
The effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) and porcine somatotropin (pST) on growth factor and metabolic variables in horses.

Effects of exogenous pST and bST on metabolic and growth factor variables were examined in three studies with lighthorse mares (455 to 545 kg). In Study 1, eight mares received five s.c. injections of bST or pST (30 mg/d). In Studies 2 and 3, five mares received one s.c. injection of a prolonged release formulation designed to deliver 500 mg of bST (Study 2) or pST (Study 3) over 14 d. Blood samples were collected for several days before injection to establish baseline values, at frequent intervals during treatment, and for several days thereafter. In all studies, blood urea nitrogen concentrations were decreased (P 96 kDa. These results indicate that 1) bST and pST are biologically active in horses, which respond metabolically to exogenous ST in a manner similar to other mammalian species, 2) circulating IGF binding proteins are present in horses, and 3) the commercially available dairy cow product POSILAC (Monsanto, St. Louis, MO) is not appropriate for the delivery of bST in horses due to injection site reactions accompanying the administration of the oil-based prolonged release formulation.
Multirate timestepping for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in overlapping grids

Abstract We develop a multirate timestepper for semi-implicit solutions of the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (INSE) based on a recently-developed multidomain spectral element method (SEM) [1] . For incompressible flows, multirate timestepping (MTS) is particularly challenging because of the tight coupling implied by the incompressibility constraint, which manifests as an elliptic subproblem for the pressure at each timestep. The novelty of our approach stems from the development of a stable overlapping Schwarz method applied directly to the Navier-Stokes equations, rather than to the convective, viscous, and pressure substeps that are at the heart of most INSE solvers. Our MTS approach is based on a predictor-corrector (PC) strategy that preserves the temporal convergence of the underlying semi-implicit timestepper. We present numerical results demonstrating that this approach scales to an arbitrary number of overlapping grids, accurately models complex turbulent flow phenomenon, and improves computational efficiency in comparison to singlerate timestepping-based calculations.
Longitudinal neuroanatomical and behavioral analyses show phenotypic drift and variability in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.

Mouse models of Down syndrome (DS) have been invaluable tools for advancing knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of intellectual disability in people with DS. The Ts(1716)65Dn (Ts65Dn) mouse is one of the most commonly used models as it recapitulates many of the phenotypes seen in individuals with DS, including neuroanatomical changes and impaired learning and memory. In this study, we utilize rigorous metrics to evaluate multiple cohorts of Ts65Dn ranging from 2014 to the present, including a stock of animals recovered from embryos frozen within ten generations after the colony was first created in 1990. Through quantification of pre- and post-natal brain development and several behavioral tasks, our results provide a comprehensive comparison of Ts65Dn across time and show a significant amount of variability both across cohorts as well as within cohorts. The inconsistent phenotypes in Ts65Dn mice highlight specific cautions and caveats for use of this model. We outline important steps for ensuring responsible use of Ts65Dn in future research.
An 802.11 Compatible Asymmetric Hybrid Visible-Light and Radio-Frequency Communications System

We present a hybrid Visible-Light Communication (VLC) and Radio-Frequency (RF) communication system based on an open-source platform, which is integrated at the Medium-Access-Control (MAC) layer. Downlink data transmissions of the system use VLC with a commercially available lighting source, and uplink transmissions use RF. An auxiliary, low-power infra-red (IR) control channel is also implemented on the uplink to transmit acknowledgement signals for VLC data packets. We experimentally demonstrate that the system has low latency, and can achieve end-to-end TCP/IP throughput comparable to single antenna, 20 MHz 802.11 links when operated in isolation, and provide a 70% increase in total throughput when operating concurrently and in the same channel as a legacy 802.11 TCP/IP link. We also show that the RF signals of our system can achieve fair usage of the RF spectrum with an independent 802.11 network with UDP transmissions. In addition to addressing some practical challenges of implementing hybrid, asymmetric VLC-RF systems, our system is open-source, and requires no custom components and can serve as a reference for researchers who wish to construct and analyze hybrid VLC-RF systems.
Association of systemic anticancer therapy with an increased risk of death in hospitalized COVID-19 positive oncology patients

e18594Background: Malignancy is thought to be an independent risk factor for increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, neoplastic diseases encompass a heterogenous group of pathologic pr...
Does time since concussion alter the factor structure of a multidomain assessment in adolescents

The utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) approaches to concussion is beneficial to inform the interpretation of clinical outcome data in adolescent patients. While researchers have ide...
Unbiasing Procedures for Scale-invariant Multi-reference Alignment

This article discusses a generalization of the 1-dimensional multi-reference alignment problem. The goal is to recover a hidden signal from many noisy observations, where each noisy observation includes a random translation and random dilation of the hidden signal, as well as high additive noise. We propose a method that recovers the power spectrum of the hidden signal by applying a data-driven, nonlinear unbiasing procedure, and thus the hidden signal is obtained up to an unknown phase. An unbiased estimator of the power spectrum is defined, whose error depends on the sample size and noise levels, and we precisely quantify the convergence rate of the proposed estimator. The unbiasing procedure relies on knowledge of the dilation distribution, and we implement an optimization procedure to learn the dilation variance when this parameter is unknown. Our theoretical work is supported by extensive numerical experiments on a wide range of signals.
Flushing study of South Beach Marina, Oregon

A newly constructed single-opening marina was evaluated to determine flushing characteristics by comparison of a hydraulic model and a mathematical model with field studies of dye releases. Both models simulated well-mixed conditions and agreed well with each other. The dye study was conducted by mixing rhodamine-wt throughout the marina on a flood tide and monitoring dye concentration versus time over several tidal cycles following release. Over the initial 7-10 hours of the field studies, all three methods agreed well; field results thereafter showed three to six times less dye than model predictions. For marinas of simple geometry with single openings and width-to-length ratios similar to the marina studied here, flushing estimates may be conservatively approximated by elementary mathematical methods.
Túvole que pasar lo que pasole Textualidad y autoría en Pasión de historia de Ana Lydia Vega

El presente articulo examina la forma en que Ana Lydia Vega evalua la responsabilidad social del autor y de su obra en el contexto de la narrativa detectivesca. Incorporando en su texto dos vias de reflexion teoricas –el estructuralismo y los estudios culturales–, la escritora puertorriquena plantea una posible via para la elaboracion de un proyecto etica y esteticamente responsable en la produccion literaria hispanoamericana.