cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the origin of the receptor potential in the lateral eye of Limulus.

Abstract This communication is addressed to the hypothesis that the components of the light-evoked receptor potential of retinuiar cells in ommatidia of the lateral eye ofLimulus polyphemus originate in different regions of the cell: C1 (the initial non-propagated “spike”) and, perhaps, C3 (the plateau) originate in the rhabdomeric microvillar membrane deep within the retinular cell and C2 (the transient or dynamic phase) originates in non-rhabdomeric membrane. This hypothesis is supported by the following observations. 1. The reversal potentials of components C1 and C3 are higher than that of C2. 2. The depletion and replenishment of Na+ in the medium bathing the excised lateral eye affects the magnitude of C2 more rapidly than C1. 3. Advancement of the recording micropipette into superficially located retinular cells has clearly resulted, albeit in relatively few experiments, in an increase in the rate of rise of C1 and a reduction in latency and time to peak of C1. These findings are discussed in the context of other observations on theLimulus lateral eye and other invertebrate photoreceptors.
Tension buckling in rubber bearings affected by cavitation

Abstract Multilayer laminated rubber bearings are the most common antiseismic devices, typically used to isolate buildings. They are made with steel reinforcing layers that provide a vertical stiffness several hundred times the horizontal one. Although these bearings appear to be very stable, they face a buckling phenomenon, caused by low shear stiffness, that needs to be investigated. In particular cases, seismic codes might require that bearings take some amount of tension that should be contemplated in the design. Several studies demonstrated that the buckling analysis for compression leads to the prediction that the isolator can buckle in tension at a load close to that for buckling in compression. Moreover, the predicted tensile buckling load is in general, not achievable, since the elastomer in tension experiences cavitation at relatively low tension stresses. However, numerical simulations have shown that tensile buckling in multilayer elastomeric bearings is also possible in the absence of cavitation. In this paper an analytical formulation to predict the instability of a rubber bearing affected by cavitation is elaborated. A procedure to calculate buckling load in tension in the presence of cavitation is developed for both long strip bearings and circular bearings. The analysis is conducted by using an analytical model that describes the effects of cavitation on both compressive and bending stiffness of rubber bearings used for antiseismic purposes.
Design and Implementation of 30kW Three-Phase PV Grid-Connected Inverter

This paper developed a mathematical model of three-phase PV grid-connected inverter, and studied the grid-connected current control method based on PI control in synchronous rotating reference frame. Simulation and experimental results from the prototype of 30kW three-phase PV grid-connected inverter proved the correctness and the feasibility of the control strategy, and this grid-connected inverter can operate at the unity power factor state with a nice dynamic performance, and the output current has high sinusoidal and low harmonic content as well as good symmetry.
Life before the chips: simulating digital video interactive technology

Advances in computers, such as DVI technology, are driven by new hardware functionality—more magic in the silicon. But before the chips came the ideas, and years of visual and interactive technical simulations to evaluate product designs and build the support necessary to develop them.
Charged-particle emission in reactions of 15-MeV neutrons with isotopes of chromium, iron, nickel, and copper

Cross sections have been measured for the emission of protons, deuterons, and alpha particles for 15-MeV neutrons on $^{54,56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58,60}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{50,52}\mathrm{Cr}$, and $^{63,65}\mathrm{Cu}$, as well as on natural iron, nickel, and chromium. A quadrupole spectrometer served to detect particles with energies as low as 1 MeV. For some of the targets, a substantial fraction of the charged-particle spectrum is at energies below the Coulomb barrier. Cross sections and spectra are compared with statistical and pre-equilibrium model predictions.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{50,52}\mathrm{Cr}$, Cr, $^{54,56}\mathrm{Fe}$, Fe, $^{58,60}\mathrm{Ni}$, Ni, $^{63,65}\mathrm{Cu}$, ($n$,$p$), ($n$,$d$), ($n$,$\ensuremath{\alpha}$), $E=14.8$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{p},\ensuremath{\theta})$, (${E}_{d}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}$), (${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}$), enriched and natural targets. Hauser-Feshbach analysis, deduced reaction mechanism.
An improved muscle-reflex actuator for use in large-scale neuro-musculoskeletal models.

This paper extends the systematic approach described in Winters and Stark (62) for developing muscle models. The underlying motivation is our finding that for larger scale shoulder and head-neck postural systems to be mechanically stable, open-loop muscle properties are often not sufficient. There are three primary contributions. First, the previous muscle mechanical model structure and parameter estimation process of (62) is updated to reflect recent experimental findings. Second, an intrafusal (IF) muscle model is developed that includes a γ static motoneuron (MN) drive, a Hill muscle model, and a muscle spindle sensor across the IF series element; this provides a more appropriate muscle spindle output signal, especially for studies of posture. Third, the conceptual cut between the neurocontrol input and the actuator is raised from just below the MN summing junction to a higher location, allowing a “musclereflex actuator” to be defined that satisfies the formal theoretical requirement for possessing passive spring-like behavior when the neurocontrol input is constant. α−ψ MN coactivation is assumed, and three types of intrinsic autogenic reflex responses (spindle, Golgi tendon organ, Rhenshaw cell) are developed. Default feedback gains are set based on the criteria that inherent feedback should not sculpt the feedforward excitation drive by more than ±10% of maximum. This new actuator model only mildly affects voluntary goal-directed dynamic performance, but enhances spring-like performance around the postural equilibrium state, in line with available animal and human studies and with several theories on postural regulation.
Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays on breast carcinoma from mastectomy specimens.

To determine whether autolytic loss of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors might affect results of assays performed on primary carcinoma samples taken from fresh mastectomy specimens rather than from biopsy specimens, a group of 71 cases were examined, in which both types of samples were assayed. The comparisons showed a small significant reduction in the proportion of positive ER assay results in mastectomy-primary specimens compared with biopsy specimens, although the frequency of high-binding ER results in the mastectomy-primary specimens was not reduced. The number of positive PgR assays on mastectomy-primary specimens was not reduced in comparison with biopsy specimens. Correlation coefficients for ER values in the paired data were r = 0.836 for biopsy versus mastectomy, and r = 0.795 for primary tumor versus nodal metastasis. For PgR biopsy versus mastectomy r = 0.664, and for PgR primary versus node r = 0.352. The mean quantitative ER and PgR values were significantly higher in axillary lymph nodal metastases than in primary carcinomas, and the higher nodal receptor levels were explained in part by significantly higher tumor cellularity. It is concluded that while loss of ER sufficient to cause a false-negative interpretation may possibly occur in a few cases during the course of mastectomy, as a general rule, significant losses do not occur. The performance of assays on axillary metastases in mastectomy specimens is advantageous because of their high cellularity. Cancer 52:2139-2143, 1983. HE known lability of estrogen receptors (ER)'-3 and T progesterone receptors (PPR)~,~ led us to investigate the question of whether assays of breast carcinomas from mastectomy specimens for these receptors would yield valid results. In a prior study of a dextran-charcoal method for assaying ER, the authors noted no evidence of deterioration of ER from the time of biopsy to the completion of mastectomy, and observed a tendency for the more cellular axillary lymph nodal metastases to show higher values of ER than the less cellular primary lesions6 More recently, Hasson and coworkers used a similar assay to compare results in 13 cases and observed lower ER values in the mastectomy specimen than in the biopsy.' We therefore undertook a comparison of our results from the time of our initial study to the present in order to
Studies of the relationship between satisfaction, goal-setting, and performance

Abstract Previous research and theory has indicated that ( a ) goals and intentions are the most immediate motivational determinants of task performance; ( b ) external incentives affect behavior through their effects on goals; and ( c ) emotional (affective) reactions are the result of value judgments. The present research was concerned primarily with the problem of how evaluations and emotions lead to goal-setting. It was argued that being dissatisfied with one's past performance generates the desire (and goal) to change one's performance, whereas satisfaction with one's performance produces the desire (and goal) to repeat or maintain one's previous performance level. Five experiments were reported in which: ( a ) satisfaction was predicted from value judgments; ( b ) goal-setting was predicted from satisfaction; and ( c ) performance was predicted from goals. In nearly all cases the correlations were both high and/or significant. It was found, however, that in some cases the level of performance that yielded satisfaction in the past was not necessarily that which produced it in the future. In these cases it was the individual's anticipated (rather than past) satisfaction that best predicted subsequent goal-setting. The relationship of the present theory to other theories of task motivation is discussed briefly (e.g., Dulany; Miller, Galanter, & Pribram; Porter & Lawler; Ryan; and Vroom).
Rapid Clinical Determination of Urinary 17-Ketosteroids

DETERMINATION of the 17-ketosteroid content of urine specimens has been a lengthy procedure because of the time required for extraction and the detailed process involved in the purification and measurement of the extract. Since the normal variation between individuals is great and since there is considerable change from the normal in clinical conditions in which the test may be used as a diagnostic aid, it seems justifiable to place more emphasis on convenience and speed than on matters of detail that might add slightly to accuracy. The following article describes more fully the method previously outlined by the authors (1). An effort has been made to reduce to a minimum the time required for the determination without a corresponding decrease in accuracy. The resulting method is simple and rapid and yet compares favorably with other published techniques in completeness of recovery and reproducibility of results. METHOD The method is used in determining the 17-ketosteroid content of a urine sample.
The effect of 12, oxo‐cis, 9‐octadecenoic acid on the autoxidation of stripped corn oil

The effect of 12, oxo-cis, 9-octadecenoic acid (keto acid) on the autoxidation of stripped corn oil at 37°C. has been studied. The stripped corn oil containing 50 μg. of tocopherol per g. was prepared by Distillation Products Industries by removal of approximately 10% of the corn oil in a molecular still. Addition of 2.5% of the keto acid resulted in a higher rate of oxidation. As the concentration of keto acid was increased from 0 to 10%, peroxides increased rapidly, resulting in a shorter induction period.
A method for the determination of polyamines in cerebrospinal fluid.

1. Introduction Data are rapidly accumulating which indicate that the determination of polyamine levels in physiological fluids may prove useful in diagnosing cancer and in evaluating the efficacy of various cancer treatment modes [l-3]. Methods are presently available for the determina- tion of the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermi- dine and spermine in urine [l-8], and some inroads have been made into their determination in serum [2]. However, though attempts have been made to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for polyamines [9], no definitive results have thus far been achieved due to the lack of an adequate method of analysis. In the present study we have utilized a Durrum D-500 amino acid analyzer to quantitatively deter- mine polyamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid. The method described allows for good sensitivity and reproducibility and is also applicable to urine and serum analyses. 2. Materials and methods 2.1.
Identification of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor-interacting Factor 1 (TRAK2) as a Trafficking Factor for the K+ Channel Kir2.1 *

To identify proteins that regulate potassium channel activity and expression, we performed functional screening of mammalian cDNA libraries in yeast that express the mammalian K+ channel Kir2.1. Growth of Kir2.1-expressing yeast in media with low K+ concentration is a function of K+ uptake via Kir2.1 channels. Therefore, the host strain was transformed with a human cDNA library, and cDNA clones that rescued growth at low K+ concentration were selected. One of these clones was identical to the protein of unknown function isolated previously as γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-interacting factor 1 (GRIF-1) (Beck, M., Brickley, K., Wilkinson, H., Sharma, S., Smith, M., Chazot, P., Pollard, S., and Stephenson, F. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30079-30090). GRIF-1 specifically enhanced Kir2.1-dependent growth in yeast and Kir2.1-mediated 86Rb+ efflux in HEK293 cells. Quantitative microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of immunolabeled surface Kir2.1 channel showed that GRIF-1 significantly increased the number of Kir2.1 channels in the plasma membrane of COS and HEK293 cells. Physical interaction of Kir2.1 channel and GRIF-1 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation from HEK293 lysates and yeast two-hybrid assay. In vivo association of Kir2.1 and GRIF-1 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation from brain lysate. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that an N-terminal region of GRIF-1 interacts with a C-terminal region of Kir2.1. These results indicate that GRIF-1 binds to Kir2.1 and facilitates trafficking of this channel to the cell surface.
Development of resistance and cross-resistance in vitro to erythromycin, carbomycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin and streptogramin.

Summary and conclusionsFour strains of M. aureus were rendered resistant to erythromycin, carbomycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin and streptogramin by repeated subcultures in the presence of increasing concentrations of these antibiotics. Cross-resistance to about the same degree developed to all of these agents except to streptogramin; the latter produced homologous resistance at a slower rate than the others, but this was associated with a corresponding increase in cross-resistance to the other 4 antibiotics.
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor analysis of satellite cell-derived myotube membranes established from two lines of targhee rams selected for growth rate

Abstract Ovine-derived fibroblasts were used to validate an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) membrane-receptor binding assay system. Competitive binding using fibroblasts revealed that half-maximal inhibition of 125 I-IGF-I binding by IGF-I was 2.3 nM. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of specific protein-associated 125 I-IGF-I was consistent with the migration of 125 I-IGF-I-labeled Type I IGF receptor α-subunits at M r 133,000 daltons. Further, the efficiency of two cell solubilization methods was examined and time-dependent binding equilibrium was determined for the membrane assay system. Satellite cell-derived myotubes were subsequently isolated from primary satellite cell cultures established from the semimembranosus muscles of high and low efficiency-of-gain (EOG) Targhee rams, and IGF-I receptor dynamics were measured. A membrane competitive binding study revealed that half-maximal inhibition of 125 I-IGF-I binding was achieved by 1-ng IGF-I for low, and 10-ng IGF-I for high, EOG myotube membrane preparations. Kd values were similar between the high EOG (4.78 nM) and low EOG (2.95 nM) groups; however, receptor concentrations (B max ) appeared to differ between groups. High EOG membrane receptor B max was 3.88 pmole/μg protein (19.87 pmole/μg DNA), whereas low EOG membrane receptor B max was 1.22 pmole/μg protein (9.28 pmole /μg DNA). These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that genetic selection for EOG results in altered satellite cell responsiveness to IGF-I.
Visualization of the nanospring dynamics of the IκBα ankyrin repeat domain in real time

IκBα is a crucial regulator of NFκB transcription. NFκB-mediated gene activation is robust because levels of free IκBα are kept extremely low by rapid, ubiquitin-independent degradation of newly synthesized IκBα. IκBα has a weakly folded ankyrin repeat 5–6 (AR5–6) region that is critical in establishing its short intracellular half-life. The AR5–6 region of IκBα folds upon binding to NFκB. The NFκB-bound IκBα has a long half-life and requires ubiquitin-targeted degradation. We present single molecule FRET evidence that the native state of IκBα transiently populates an intrinsically disordered state characterized by a more extended structure and fluctuations on the millisecond time scale. Binding to NFκB or introduction of stabilizing mutations in AR 6 suppressed the fluctuations, whereas higher temperature or small amounts of urea increased them. The results reveal that intrinsically disordered protein regions transition between collapsed and extended conformations under native conditions.
Carbon dioxide activation by cobalt macrocycles: evidence of hydrogen bonding between bound CO2 and the macrocycle in solution

The equilibrium between five-coordinate CoL(CO[sub 2])[sup +](L = 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene) and six-coordinate CoL(CO[sub 2])(CD[sub 3]CN)[sup +] (formed at the expense of the five-coordinate form as the temperature is lowered) was examined by both [sup 1]H NMR and FT-IR. The equilibration is rapid on the NMR time scale, but the spectra of the limiting forms have been derived from the temperature dependence of the spectrum. The FT-IR spectra measured over the range 25 to [minus]75[degrees]C in CD[sub 3]CN and in a CD[sub 3]CN/THF mixture indicate the existence of four CO[sub 2] adducts, two with intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the bound CO[sub 2] and the amine hydrogens of the ligand: a five-coordinate, non-hydrogen-bonded form (v[sub c[double bond]O] = 1710 cm[sup [minus]1], v[sub NH] = 3208 cm[sup [minus]1]), a five-coordinate intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded form (v[sub C[double bond]O] = 1626 cm[sup [minus]1]), a six-coordinate non-hydrogen-bonded form (v[sub C[double bond]O] = 1609 cm[sup [minus]1], v[sub NH] = 3145 cm[sup [minus]1]). The binding of CO[sub 2] via both its electrophilic center (carbon atom) and its nucleophilic center (oxygen atom) is thus implicated in the stabilization of the CO[sub 2] complex at low temperature.
Sclerostin antibody prevents particle-induced implant loosening by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in a rat model.

Objective To assess the ability of sclerostin antibody therapy to blunt the negative effects of polyethylene particles on implant fixation and peri-implant bone structure in a rat implant fixation model. Methods Thirty-six adult male rats received intramedullary titanium implants; 12 rats received vehicle injections only (control), and 24 rats received intraarticular injections of lipopolysaccharide-doped polyethylene particles. Twelve of the rats that received particles also received sclerostin antibody treatment. The 3 groups of rats were maintained for 12 weeks in a pathogen-free environment, at which time mechanical, micro–computed tomography, and dynamic and static histomorphometry end points were assessed. Results Sclerostin antibody treatment completely blocked the negative effect of the lipopolysaccharide-doped polyethylene particles on implant fixation and peri-implant bone volume by increasing the bone formation rate and depressing bone resorption. Conclusion Anabolic agents targeting the Wnt signaling pathway are a promising new alternative for the prevention of periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening.
The structural stability of the co-chaperonin GroES

The structural stability of the co-chaperonin GroES has been studied by high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism under different solvent conditions. The thermal folding/unfolding of GroES is a spontaneous reversible process involving a highly cooperative transition between folded heptamers and unfolded monomers. During the denaturation process folded monomers are energetically unfavourable and consequently never become populated to an appreciable degree. Analysis of the high resolution structure indicates that isolated folded monomers of GroES bury a significantly smaller fraction of their total surface than typical globular proteins of similar molecular mass. For this reason the intramolecular interactions within each GroES monomer appear not to be sufficient for thermodynamic stabilization. The stabilization of the heptameric structure is due primarily to intersubunit interactions rather than intrasubunit interactions. These interactions favor oligomerization both enthalpically and entropically. Despite the high density of charged residues, the stability of GroES shows no measurable dependence on salt concentration at pH 7. On the other hand, millimolar concentrations of magnesium stabilize GroES, presumably by specific binding. The stabilization elicited by Mg2+ is consistent with a dissociation constant of the order of 0.5 mM and approximately three binding sites per heptamer. These results emphasize the role of quaternary structure in the stabilization of small oligomeric proteins.
Pore structure evolution in silica gel during aging/drying I. Temporal and thermal aging

Low field NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements of pore fluids contained in silica gels are employed as a pore structure probe to ascertain the changes that occur in a two-step acid/base-catalyzed silica gel during aging in its mother liquor. It has been shown that both a narrowing of pore size distribution and an increase in mean pore size is obtained for a gel aged at 303 K over a time period of several weeks. By increasing the aging temperature from 303 to 333 K, the time required for this same degree of pore size distribution narrowing is decreased by an order of magnitude. Increasing the gel solids content from 15 to 30 wt% SiO 2 results in smaller pore sizes and pore volumes (a factor of ∼ 2) but a similar pore size narrowing with comparable kinetics. In contrast, little change in pore structure is observed in a two-step acid-catalyzed gel aged in its mother liquor at 303 K for similar time periods.
Postmarketing reports of QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia in association with cisapride and Food and Drug Administration regulatory actions.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the postmarketing safety data used in the risk assessment of cisapride and to summarize the regulatory actions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). METHODS: The FDA analyzed reports of patients who developed QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, and ventricular arrhythmia in association with the use of cisapride to assess probable etiology and risk factors. RESULTS: While cisapride was being marketed from 1993-1999, the FDA received reports of the following patients: 117 who developed QT prolongation; 107, torsades de pointes; 16, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; 18, ventricular fibrillation; 27, ventricular tachycardia; 25, cardiac arrest; 16, serious (unspecified) arrhythmia; and 15, sudden death; for a total of 341 individual patients affected, following use of cisapride. Eighty (23%) of the 341 patients died. Deaths were directly or indirectly associated with an arrhythmic event. Factors that suggested an association with cisapride included a temporal relationship between use of cisapride and arrhythmia, the absence of identified risk factors and other explanations for arrhythmia in some patients, and cases of positive dechallenge and rechallenge. In most individuals, the arrhythmia occurred in the presence of risk factors (other drugs and/or medical conditions). CONCLUSIONS: Postmarketing reports and pharmacokinetic and electrophysiological data provided evidence that cisapride is associated with the occurrence of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. The risk of fatal arrhythmia with cisapride was believed to outweigh the benefit for the approved indication, treatment of nocturnal heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, leading to the drug's discontinuation in the United States.
Approximating gradients for meshes and point clouds via diffusion metric

The gradient of a function defined on a manifold is perhaps one of the most important differential objects in data analysis. Most often in practice, the input function is available only at discrete points sampled from the underlying manifold, and the manifold is approximated by either a mesh or simply a point cloud. While many methods exist for computing gradients of a function defined over a mesh, computing and simplifying gradients and related quantities such as critical points, of a function from a point cloud is non-trivial. In this paper, we initiate the investigation of computing gradients under a different metric on the manifold from the original natural metric induced from the ambient space. Specifically, we map the input manifold to the eigenspace spanned by its Laplacian eigenfunctions, and consider the so-called diffusion distance metric associated with it. We show the relation of gradient under this metric with that under the original metric. It turns out that once the Laplace operator is constructed, it is easier to approximate gradients in the eigenspace for discrete inputs (especially point clouds) and it is robust to noises in the input function and in the underlying manifold. More importantly, we can easily smooth the gradient field at different scales within this eigenspace framework. We demonstrate the use of our new eigen-gradients with two applications: approximating / simplifying the critical points of a function, and the Jacobi sets of two input functions (which describe the correlation between these two functions), from point clouds data.
Post School Results for Youth with Disabilities: Key Indicators and Policy Implications.

This article presents information on the post school results of 720 former students who had received special education services. The results focused on employment, postsecondary education, and comm...
Enhancing perinatal outcome in homeless women: The challenge of providing comprehensive health care

Homeless women who are pregnant present a number of challenges to health care providers. As a group, they are at risk for a variety of illnesses that could affect their pregnancies, including sexually transmitted diseases and substance abuse. Poor access to health care, inadequate prenatal care, poor nutrition, and poor housing cause these women to suffer poor birth outcomes. They are more likely to deliver low birth weight infants and have higher rates of infant mortality. It should be understood that homeless pregnant women are a heterogeneous group. Generally, they are pregnant adolescents and women in homeless families. Additionally, there are differences within these two groups. The causes of homelessness for these women vary as do their needs during pregnancy. Any provider of health care to the homeless must understand the different situations of these women to deliver directed, effective care.
Pharmacogenetic studies on the drug‐related lupus syndrome. differences in antinuclear antibody development and drug‐induced DNA damage in rapid and slow acetylator animal models

Pharmacogenetic study of an inbred mouse model system derived from A/J (slow acetylator) and C57BL/6J (rapid acetylator) parental strains shows that spontaneous occurrence of antinuclear antibodies is associated with the slow acetylator phenotype although the development of spontaneous and procainamide-induced antinuclear antibodies is a dissociable process. In another study using primary cultures of intact hepatocytes obtained from slow and rapid acetylator rabbits, observations indicate that the amount of DNA damage induced by exposure to hydrazine and arylamine containing foreign compounds depends on the concentration of the foreign compound used as well as on the acetylator phenotype. Exposure to hydralazine induced greater DNA damage in slow acetylator hepatocytes whereas exposure to the arylamine carcinogen, 2-aminofluorene, induced greater DNA damage in rapid acetylator hepatocytes.
A Resource-Based View of Partnership Strategies in Health Care Organizations

The distribution of management structures in health care has been shifting from independent ownership to interorganizational relationships with other firms. A shortage of resources has been cited as one cause for such collaboration among health care entities. The resource- based view of the firm suggests that organizations differentiate between strategic alliances and acquisition strategies based on a firm's internal resources and the types of resources a potential partner organization possesses. This paper provides a review of the literature using the resource-based theory of the firm to understand what conditions foster different types of health care partnerships. A model of partnership alliances using the resource-based view is presented, strategic linkages are presented, managerial implications are outlined, and directions for future research are given.
Protein kinase Cδ mediates the activation of protein kinase D2 in platelets.

Abstract Protein kinase D (PKD) is a subfamily of serine/threonine specific family of kinases, comprised of PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3 (PKCμ, PKD2 and PKCv in humans). It is known that PKCs activate PKD, but the relative expression of isoforms of PKD or the specific PKC isoform/s responsible for its activation in platelets is not known. This study is aimed at investigating the pathway involved in activation of PKD in platelets. We show that PKD2 is the major isoform of PKD that is expressed in human as well as murine platelets but not PKD1 or PKD3. PKD2 activation induced by AYPGKF was abolished with a Gq inhibitor YM-254890, but was not affected by Y-27632, a RhoA/p160ROCK inhibitor, indicating that PKD2 activation is Gq-, but not G12/13-mediated Rho-kinase dependent. Calcium-mediated signals are also required for activation of PKD2 as dimethyl BAPTA inhibited its phosphorylation. GF109203X, a pan PKC inhibitor abolished PKD2 phosphorylation but Go6976, a classical PKC inhibitor had no effect suggesting that novel PKC isoforms are involved in PKD2 activation. Importantly, Rottlerin, a non-selective PKCδ inhibitor, inhibited AYPGKF-induced PKD2 activation in human platelets. Similarly, AYPGKF- and Convulxin-induced PKD2 phosphorylation was dramatically inhibited in PKCδ-deficient platelets, but not in PKCθ- or PKCɛ-deficient murine platelets compared to that of wild type platelets. Hence, we conclude that PKD2 is a common signaling target downstream of various agonist receptors in platelets and Gq-mediated signals along with calcium and novel PKC isoforms, in particular, PKCδ activate PKD2 in platelets.
2-deoxyglucose autoradiography of single motor units: labeling of individual acutely active muscle fibers

Abstract 2-Deoxy- d -[l- 14 ]glucose (2DG) was given intravenously during repetitive stimulation of single motor units in adult cats and autoradiographs were made of frozen sections of the target muscles in order to evaluate methods designed to improve the spatial resolution of [ 14 C]2DG autoradiography. With the modifications used, acutely active muscle fibers, independently identified by depletion of intrafiber glycogen, were associated with highly localized accumulations of silver grains over the depleted fibers. The results indicate that [ 14 C]2DG autoradiography can successfully identify individual active muscle fibers and might in principle be used to obtain quantitative data about rates of glucose metabolism in single muscle fibers of defined histochemical type. The modifications may be applicable also to other tissues to give improved spatial resolution with [ 14 C]-labeled metabolic markers.
Durability of Posthypnotic Suggestions: Type of Suggestion and Difficulty Level

Abstract This study investigated the impact of Difficulty Level and Type of Suggestion upon the durability of posthypnotic suggestion over an 8-week period. Seventy-eight highly susceptible subjects selected by both the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Form A (HGSHS:A) and Stanford Hypnotic Scale of Susceptibility: Form C (SHSS:C) were assigned to six groups (two levels of Difficulty x three Types of Suggestion). S's were tested for posthypnotic suggestion at 1, 3, 6, and 8 weeks. A 2 × 3 × 4 (Difficulty × Suggestion × Time) factorial ANOVA was conducted, with Time treated as a repeated-measure. The outcome variable at each time was either pass or fail for relevant suggestion. We found a signficant Time effect, a significant Difficulty effect, and a significant Time × Difficulty interaction. Fewer subjects passed the difficult suggestions than passed the easy suggestions; fewer passed suggestions at a later time; and the decay in pass rate was more pronounced for the easy suggestion conditi...
Pharmacotherapy of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are the most responsive of all solid tumours to chemotherapy leading to an overall cure rate of > 90%. Nonmetastatic disease (FIGO Stage I) and low-risk metastatic disease (FIGO Stages II and III; WHO score 7) should be treated with initial intensive multimodality therapy with combination chemotherapy, consisting of etoposide, high-dose methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery when indicated. Despite this aggressive approach, ∼ 30% of patients with high-risk disease will fail initial therapy or relapse from remission. Salvage chemotherapy with drug regimens containing platinum agents and etoposide, usually in conjunction with bleomycin or ifosfamide, as well as surgical resection of sites of resistant disease, will ultimat...
Experimental and analytical separation of hydrodynamic, entropy and combustion noise in a gas turbine combustor

This paper deals with noise sources which are central to the problem of core engine noise in turbopropulsion systems. The sources dealt with are entropy noise and direct combustion noise, as well as a non-propagating psuedosound which is hydrodynamic noise. It is shown analytically and experimentally that a transition can occur from a combustion noise dominant situation to an entropy noise dominant case if the contraction of a terminating nozzle to the combustor is high enough. In the combustor tested, entropy noise is the dominant source for propagational noise if the combustor is choked at the exit. Analysis techniques include spectral, cross spectral, cross correlation, and ordinary and partial coherence analysis. Measurements include exterior and interior fluctuating and mean pressures and temperatures.
Sequences required for in vitro transcriptional activation of a Drosophila hsp 70 gene

Abstract The hsp 70 gene of Drosophila contains three domains to which a heat shock gene specific transcription factor (HSTF) binds. In addition to the previously described 55 bp binding domain proximal to the TATA homology, there are two 25 bp binding sites farther upstream. Footprinting studies with 5′ and 3′ deletion mutations show two contiguous HSTF binding sites of different intrinsic affinities within the 55 bp binding domain. Determinations made with an agarose-acrylamide gel assay suggest that the HSTF possesses a 12.5-fold higher intrinsic affinity for the site closest to the TATA homology than for the more distal site. Binding of HSTF to the distal site thus appears cooperative, requiring occupancy of the first site. Transcription studies in vitro on the 5′ deletions with nuclear extracts and reconstitution experiments show that the TATA proximal site alone is insufficient for maximal transcriptional activation of the hsp 70 gene.
The Open Gate of the KV1.2 Channel: Quantum Calculations Show the Key Role of Hydration

The open gate of the Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel can just hold a hydrated K(+) ion. Quantum calculations starting from the x-ray coordinates of the channel confirm this, showing little change from the x-ray coordinates for the protein. Water molecules not in the x-ray coordinates, and the ion itself, are placed by the calculation. The water molecules, including their orientation and hydrogen bonding, with and without an ion, are critical for the path of the ion, from the solution to the gate. A sequence of steps is postulated in which the potential experienced by the ion in the pore is influenced by the position of the ion. The gate structure, with and without the ion, has been optimized. The charges on the atoms and bond lengths have been calculated using natural bond orbital calculations, giving K(+) ~0.77 charges, rather than 1.0. The PVPV hinge sequence has been mutated in silico to PVVV (P407V in the 2A79 numbering). The water structure around the ion becomes discontinuous, separated into two sections, above and below the ion. PVPV conservation closely relates to maintaining the water structure. Finally, these results have implications concerning gating.
Influence of Dietary Protein and Energy on the Performance of Commercial Egg-type Pullets Reared Under Summer Conditions

Abstract A total of 2400 commercial egg-type pullets was used in three trials to determine the feasibility of using dietary protein, amino acids or energy to increase 20-week body weights of pullets reared under linear, cyclic-temperature environmental conditions common during south-eastern United States summers. A 24-hour linear temperature cycle of 24 to 35 to 24° C. and 9 hours of light per day were provided for the duration of the study. Neither dietary protein nor energy influenced body weights at 20 weeks of age under a high-temperature condition. Furthermore, lysine and methionine plus cystine at levels of 100, 110 or 120% of National Research Council’s requirement levels did not influence 20-week body weights under a high-temperature condition. Feed consumption per pullet was directly related to the energy content of the diet; whereas, lysine, methionine plus cystine or total protein did not appear to influence feed consumption. The same spread in body weights was noted at 20 weeks of age as that noted at 12 weeks of age.
Comparison of the Test–Retest Reliability of the Work Box™ Using Three Administrative Methods

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the test-retest reliability of three administrative methods of the Work Box: (a) the original instructions, (b) a revised version of the original instructions, and (c) another revised version that was based on suggestions made by authors of the first two versions of the instructions. METHOD Sixty subjects without disabilities were randomly grouped so that 20 subjects were tested per administrative method. The assessment was administered to each subject on two occasions, with a 7-day to 14-day period between tests. Scores were recorded as time in seconds, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to calculate the reliability. RESULTS The ICCs for assembly, disassembly, and total scores were .589, .604, and .654, respectively, for the original instructions; .424, .572, and .545 for the revised instructions; and .781, .579, .717 for the second revised instructions. Reliability was found to be higher for men than for women and for subjects who claimed to have more rather than less experience in similar manual dexterity tasks. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the reliability of each administrative method and comments made by subjects about their understanding of the instructions, the second revised version of the instructions is recommended as the standard method. The results also indicate that the assessment is most appropriate for a population of men with manual dexterity experience. With further standardization, the Work Box could be a valuable assessment tool for therapists working in industrial rehabilitation settings.
Interactions between alcohol and nicotine on intracranial self-stimulation and locomotor activity in rats

These studies were aimed at investigating interactions between alcohol and nicotine on operant behavior and on locomotor activity. Independent groups of rats with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus were trained to lever press for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) on either a fixed-ratio 15 (FR 15), FR 30, fixed-interval 15-second (FI 15-s) or FI 30-s schedule of reinforcement. In the FI 15-s experiment, nicotine increased and alcohol decreased responding. This also happened in the FI 30-s experiment; however, when the two drugs were combined, an increase in lever pressing occurred which was greater than that produced by nicotine alone. Nicotine increased rates in the FR 15 schedule but, when combined with alcohol, did not reverse the decrease in rates produced by alcohol. In the FR 30 schedule, nicotine also increased response rates, but did not reverse the decrease produced by alcohol in this paradigm. A separate group of animals was tested in a locomotor activity apparatus following administration of nicotine, alcohol or their combination. Nicotine increased locomotor activity and alcohol depressed it. However, when 0.10 or 0.17 mg/kg nicotine was combined with 0.3 g/kg alcohol, an increase greater than that produced by nicotine alone occurred. We have found that alcohol and nicotine together can produce a potentiation of nicotine's stimulatory effects depending upon the dose and the requirements of the task.
Commentary: An increasing awareness of the complications after transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion procedure

COMMENTARY ON Brier-Jones JE, Palmer DK, Ĭnceoglu S, Cheng WK. Vertebral body fractures after transpsoas interbody fusion procedures. Spine J 2011;11:1068–72 ( in this issue ).
Characterization of the 5q- breakpoint in an acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patient using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Multiple genes of hematopoietic importance have been localized to the long arm of chromosome 5 including granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukins (IL) 3, 4 and 5 to 5q23-31, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) to 5q33.1 and its receptor (c-fms) to 5q33.3. The genes coding for platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGFA) have been localized to 5q31-32 and 5q31.3-33.2, respectively. These genes fall in the region of chromosome 5 which is deleted in the 5q- refractory anemia syndrome (5q- RA) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). We have characterized this region in a 5q- patient with therapy-related ANLL (t-ANLL) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting analysis utilizing DNA probes for PDGFR, c-fms, and FGFA. A single 300 kbp MluI restriction fragment was detected in the patient using a PDGFR probe as compared to a 200 kbp fragment in normal controls. BssHII digestions also showed restriction fragment length difference. Similar data for both MluI and BssHII digestions were also obtained when c-fms was used as a probe. Southern blotting analysis of EcoRI-digested DNA showed that each of the PDGFR, c-fms, and FGFA alleles were deleted. These results suggested that one chromosome 5 has a large deletion involving PDGFR, c-fms and FGFA, which is consistent with the cytogenetic analysis of the patient. In contrast, the other chromosome 5, which appeared normal cytogenetically, may have a smaller deletion (or alteration) in proximity to but not involving any of these 3 genes.
"One Can Learn From Other People's Experiences": Latino adults' preferences for peer-based diabetes interventions.

PurposeTo assess Latino adults’ preferences for peer-based diabetes self-management interventions and the acceptability of the church setting for these interventions.MethodsThe authors partnered wi...
Measurement of exciton correlations using electrostatic lattices

We present a method for determining correlations in a gas of indirect excitons. The method involves subjecting the excitons to an electrostatic lattice. We present findings of strong correlations in systems of indirect excitons.
Steric Accessibility of the HIV-1 gp41 N-trimer Region

During human immunodeficiency virus entry, gp41 undergoes a series of conformational changes that induce membrane fusion. Immediately prior to fusion, gp41 exists in a prehairpin intermediate in which the N- and C-peptide regions of gp41 are exposed. Rearrangement of this intermediate into a six-helix bundle composed of a trimeric coiled coil from the N-peptide region (N-trimer) surrounded by three peptides from the C-peptide region provides the driving force for membrane fusion, whereas prevention of six-helix bundle formation inhibits viral entry. Because of its central role in mediating viral entry, the N-trimer region of gp41 is a key vaccine target. Extensive efforts to discover potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against the N-trimer region have, thus far, been unsuccessful. In this study, we attached a potent C-peptide inhibitor that binds to the N-trimer region to cargo proteins of various sizes to examine the steric accessibility of the N-trimer during fusion. These inhibitors show a progressive loss of potency with increasing cargo size. Extension of the cargo/C-peptide linker partially restores inhibitory potency. These results demonstrate that the human immunodeficiency virus defends its critical hairpin-forming machinery by steric exclusion of large proteins and may explain the current dearth of neutralizing Abs against the N-trimer. In contrast, previous results suggest the C-peptide region is freely accessible during fusion, demonstrating that the N- and C-peptide regions are in structurally distinct environments. Based on these results, we also propose new strategies for the generation of neutralizing Abs that overcome this steric block.
Who Cares for the Kids? Caregiving and Parenting in Disney Films

Disney is recognized as producing powerful cultural products that make major contributions to many forms of children’s media. While it has been suggested that mothers are marginalized in Disney films, there has been no extensive research exploring alternate caregivers, including other-parents. Given the minimal roles of mothers in Disney films and the cultural relevance of biological mothers as primary caregivers, we ask “who cares for the kids?” in these carefully crafted family films with adolescent protagonists. Utilizing a feminist approach, this study explores narrative subtexts surrounding parenting and caregiving by systematically examining feature-length, animated Disney films. A sample of 15 films was analyzed; the films were purposefully sampled using specific family-related criteria. Results reiterate that mothers are marginalized either through their absence or their relatively minor roles. However, fathers and other-parents are significant caregivers in the majority of the films. The use of c...