cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Three Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Estrogen-Induced Mammary Cancer within the Emca8 Locus on Rat Chromosome 5

The ACI rat model of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary cancer has gained wide use in the study of breast cancer etiology, prevention and genetics. Emca8, a QTL that determines susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer, was previously mapped to rat chromosome 5 (RNO5) in an intercross between resistant Brown Norway (BN) and susceptible ACI rats. In this study, a panel of congenic rat strains, each of which carries BN alleles across a defined segment of RNO5 on the ACI genetic background, was generated and used to map more precisely the Emca8 determinants of mammary cancer susceptibility. Three distinct genetic determinants were localized within Emca8, and two of these were mapped to intervals of less than 15 megabases. Emca8.1 harbors Cdkn2a, Cdkn2b and other genes and is orthologous to the 9p21 breast cancer locus identified in genome wide and candidate gene association studies. Emca8.2 harbors Cdkn2c and other genes and is orthologous to the 1p32 locus in humans that is frequently deleted in breast cancers. Both Emca8.1 and Emca8.2 harbor copy number variants that are orthologous to copy number variant regions in humans. Gene expression profiles were defined for mammary tissues from E2 treated ACI and ACI.BN-Emca8 rats to define the impact of Emca8 on gene expression and identify differentially expressed genes residing within Emca8.1 and Emca8.2. This study further illustrates the relevance of the ACI rat model of E2-induced mammary cancer for identifying novel genetic determinants of breast cancer susceptibility and defining the mechanisms through which estrogens contribute to breast cancer development.
System concepts and technologies for high orbit SAR

This paper discusses large aperture, high orbit radar concepts for measuring sub-centimeter-level surface displacements from space. These measurements will enable applications such as earthquake simulation, modeling and forecasting. We explain the need for large aperture, high orbit arrays and discuss the technologies required to achieve these missions.
End-wise admission control delegation for effective end-to-end quality of service

Despite the significant body of research that has been conducted on quality of service (QoS), the notion of a dominant approach to end-to-end (E2E) QoS remains elusive. Beyond the ever present issue of deployment, the complexity and limited speed of resource negotiation arising from per-hop or per-domain interactions limit the general utility of the existing approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to make significant strides in practical end-to-end QoS by leveraging the over-provisioned nature of the core and cooperative interactions amongst end autonomous systems. Our approach, E3AC (End-wise delegation for End-to-End Admission Control), provides a framework for catalyzing QoS amongst end ISPs while dramatically reducing the setup latency for QoS negotiations
Civil Death and the Execution of Democracy: Black Political Power in 'New Jim Crow' Era of Mass Incarceration

Under the concept of "civil death", felony convictions trigger disenfranchisement laws that suspend the voting rights of prisoners, parolees and probationers. A disproportionate number of prisoners are African-American. Consequently, these laws disproportionately fetter black voting rights and political power as well. Many states and localities engage in prison-based gerrymandering: counting the incarcerated at their prison residences when reapportioning and redistricting. This practice enhances the political power of regions where prisons are located, while reducing that of the prisoners' home communities and of neighboring regions without prisons. Felon disenfranchisement and prison-based gerrymandering conflict with the core American principles of equality and democracy. Both policies constrain the spirit if not the letter of the Civil War amendments and the Voting Rights Act of 1965; the latter breathes new life into the Three-Fifths clause. In these respects, mass incarceration effectively executes a significant amount of African-American political power.
NEONATAL MORTALITY IN UTAH

A cohort study of 106 neonatal deaths occurring in 14486 white singleton births in Utah in 1975 is presented. "Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices i.e. tobacco and alcohol abstinence differential neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The influence of potential confounding factors was evaluated. Low activity LDS members had an excess risk of neonatal death five times greater than high activity LDS with an upper bound of a two-sided 95% confidence interval of 7.9. The data consistently indicate a lower neonatal mortality rate for active LDS members. Non-LDS had a lower rate than either medium or low activity LDS." (EXCERPT)
What Would Paulo Freire Think of Blackboard: Critical Pedagogy in an Age of Online Learning

The rise of online learning in higher education presents a unique challenge for educators committed critical pedagogy. While Paulo Freire formulated his ideas about teaching in a pre-Internet era, he did not object to the use of technology in the teaching-learning process. He urged educators to think critically about the use of technology and to find new ways of seeking and creating knowledge with the aid of technology. This article offers a brief review of the development of online learning. Then with the assistance of Feenberg’s Critical Theory of Technology, I analyze the practice of online teaching and learning through the lens of several Freirean concepts. Then I conclude with a series of problem-posing which guide our exploration moving forward.
On Vision-Based Target Tracking and Range Estimation for Small UAVs

*† ‡ § Development of a vision-based target tracking algorithm for an unmanned air vehicle is described. The algorithm provides an autonomous target tracking capability, while simultaneously estimating GPS coordinates of the target. A low cost, primarily COTS system is utilized, with a modified RC aircraft airframe, gas engine and servos. Tracking is enabled using a low-cost, miniature pan-tilt gimbal, driven by COTS servos and electronics. The control algorithm provides rapid and sustained target acquisition and tracking capability. A target position estimator was designed and shown to provide reasonable targeting accuracy. Impact of target loss events on the control and estimation algorithms is analyzed in detail.
Effect of thyroid hormone on the pathways of glucose oxidation in the intact rat.

SummaryThese experiments suggest that whereas in the hyperthyroid animal the rate of oxidation of both the C-1 and C-6 carbon of glucose are increased to approximately the same extent, removal of the thyroid hormones leads to a proportionally greater reduction in rate of oxidation of the C-1 carbon. Thus it appears probable that in the euthyroid animal the rate of oxidation of the carbon-1 of glucose (presumably reflecting rate of oxidation via the phosphogluconate pathway) is under the influence of the thyroid gland.
FRI0401 Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) clinical characteristics and response to mtx therapy

Background The treatment of EF is still a challenge for rheumatologists. Objectives To report our experience with fourteen EF patients on MTX followed over a period of 1 to 14 years in the rheumatology clinic. Methods Chart reviews of the patients with biopsy proven EF treated with MTX 15-20 mg/week from 1998-2012. Results There were 6 women and 8 men, aged 30 to 75 (mean age 52). None had used tryptophan. All patients had clinical induration of the arms and legs. Six had truncal involvement, seven had abdominal wall involvement and none had Raynaud’s. Eight patients had localized morphea. One patient had clinical evidence of EF involvement limited to the left side of the body but MRI showed bilateral fascial involvement of the extremities. Eleven patients were started on MTX therapy either after a trial of Prednisone or combination immunosupressive therapy. Two patients were simultaneously started on MTX and Prednisone. One patient was started on MTX alone. Three patients had been treated initially with Hydroxychloroquine/Prednisone therapy and two with Azathioprine/Prednisone without any further benefit after the partial improvement with steroids. Eleven patients were able to taper off Prednisone within 10 to 33 months (mean 16.5 months). After initiation of the MTX therapy nine patients achieved complete clinical remission within 12 months to 7 years of therapy (mean 32.3 months). Three patients maintained remission and are off all medications at 1 to 3 years of follow up. One patient is in complete clinical remission still on low dose MTX. Five patients had relapses of the disease while off MTX therapy within 7 months to 3 years (mean 24.2 months). All of relapses responded well to restarting MTX therapy and two of these patients achieved a second remission on additional MTX therapy within 18 months to 5 years. Four patients had partial remission on MTX 3-5 years after initiation of therapy. One patient had only a minimal response to MTX after 4 years of therapy. Conclusions The majority of patients (13 out of 14) had improvement on the MTX/Prednisone therapy; Eleven patients were able to taper off steroids; Nine patients achieved complete remission. We believe that MTX represents an effective treatment option for EF. References Eosinophilic fasciitis: clinical spectrum and therapeutic response in 52 cases. Lakhanpal S, Ginsburg WW, Michet CJ, Doyle JA, Moore SB, Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1988;17(4):221 Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman disease): new insights into the therapeutic management from a series of 34 patients. Lebeaux D, Frances C, Barete S, Wechsler B, Dubourg O, Renoux J, Maisonobe T, Benveniste O, GatfosseM, Bourgeois P, Amoura Z, Cacoub P, Piette JC, Sene D; Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Mar;51(3):557-61. Epub 2011 Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Abstract 1472: Comprehensive evaluation of PEGylated gold nanorods for two photon photoluminescence image guided radiation therapy enhancement

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Nanoparticle formulations of gold have shown a tremendous potential in various biomedical applications. The use of high atomic number (Z) materials presents an attractive approach in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the radiation therapy. The high Z number for gold (Z=79) makes them an ideal candidate for radiosensitization enhancement. The ability of the anisotropic gold nanorods to sustain the resonating surface plasmon with minimal damping results in highly efficient two-photon induced photoluminescence imaging. Here we present the synthesis and in vitro characterization of PEGylated gold nanorods as efficient radiosensitizing agents which can be imaged using inherent two-photon photoluminescence without a conjugated fluorophore. We have synthesized gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of 2.5 and functionalized the surface with different ratios of methoxy and amine PEG for modulating the charge and imparting the functional groups. The cellular uptake behavior in prostate cancer cell line PC3 was studied and the results indicated a robust uptake of the amine functionalized nanorods. The quantitative estimation of the nanorods uptake was performed with BCA assay as amount of nanorods present in per microgram of protein. Two photon photoluminescence imaging also confirmed a robust cellular uptake of the amine functionalized nanorods. The radiation damage enhancement of the gold nanorods was confirmed using PC3 cells. The cells treated with gold nanorods were irradiated with kilovoltage X-rays. A γH2AX assay was used for quantitation of the DNA damage with and without nanorods as controls. The results indicated an increased highly efficient DNA damage in cells treated with gold nanorods. The outcome of this research will enable further application of targeted nanorods in advanced animal models as efficient radiation dose enhancement agents wherein two-photon photoluminescence imaging will provide a real time assessment of the therapeutic response and disease progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1472. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1472
Case management accountability for safe, smooth, and sustained transitions: a plea for building "wrap-around" case management services now.

Purpose The purpose is to encourage hospital administrations to address readmissions immediately and to restructure and significantly enhance case management services once and for all so that they can provide a "wraparound" service for the full clinical course from admission to transition for all patients and families. If 10 basic interventions cannot be provided because of staffing limitations or processes, case management will continue to operate in a crisis mode and hospitals will suffer potentially large financial, quality, and satisfaction losses. If further customization cannot be provided to patients and their families, hospitals will be at risk to fail both their margin and their mission. Although other professionals and support staff will have distinct responsibilities, case management must be built, resourced, and restructured to be the authorized and accountable central control operation between level-of -care transitions. Primary practice setting Acute care hospitals. Implications for case management The national length of stay (LOS) has lowered from 7.8 days in 1970 to 5.2 days (males) and 4.5 days (females) in 2006 (DeFrances, C., Lucas, C., Buie, V., & Golosinskiy, A., 2008), whereas the national readmission rate for adult medical-surgical patients, depending on the diagnosis and the payer, has risen from a range of 5%-29% after 30 days (The Center for Case Management, 2009) to an average of 19% (Jencks, S., Williams, M., & Coleman, E., 2009). Of the key results for return on investment claimed by case management, the largest combined measure of quality, financial, and satisfaction outcomes lies in the delivery of safe, smooth, and sustained discharges/transitions. In other words, readmission rates should be the conscience of the hospital, especially of case management services. 2010 is the year for case management services and departments to adamantly request the authority and take the accountability that will be required to prevent readmissions while maintaining or continuing to decrease LOS, thus increasing flow and capacity. To achieve full accountability for 100% of patients' transitions from admission to transition, case management must build a wraparound service that covers 10 basic interventions and a handful of best practices to customize each transition. Two principles pertain: (1) If you have not met the patient or family until the discharge day, you don't know them and will make mistakes, and (2) there is no such thing as a simple discharge! If hospitals do not undertake the full support of case management as the accountable agent for preventing readmissions as their biggest challenge (potentially larger than Retrospective Audit Contractors' financial take-backs) and provide case management with a full contingent of strategically positioned full time equivalents (FTEs), hospitals and their patients and families will suffer from a predictable imbalance in LOS, readmissions, and the greater community's loss of confidence.
Algorithms That Use Two Number Systems Simultaneously

(1967). Algorithms That Use Two Number Systems Simultaneously. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 91-97.
3,3′-Dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan and Its Derivatives: An Assembly of Diverse N–O Building Blocks for High-Performance Energetic Materials

On the basis of a design strategy that results in the assembly of diverse N–O building blocks leading to energetic materials, 3,3′-dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan and its nitrogen-rich salts were obtained and fully characterized via spectral and elemental analyses. Oxone (potassium peroxomonosulfate) is an efficient oxidizing agent for introducing the azoxy N-oxide functionality into the furazan backbone, giving a straightforward and low-cost synthetic route. On the basis of heats of formation calculated with Gaussian 03 and combined with experimentally determined densities, energetic properties (detonation velocity, pressure and specific impulse) were obtained using the EXPLO v6.01 program. These new molecules exhibit high density, moderate to good thermal stability, acceptable impact and friction sensitivities, and excellent detonation properties, which suggest potential applications as energetic materials. Interestingly, 3,3′-dinitroamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (4) has the highest calculated crystal density ...
The Market for Small-Cap Stocks (NYSE MKT)

Venture exchanges are currently perceived by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as a possible solution to the liquidity problem of small-cap stocks. This article assesses liquidity on the NYSE MKT, a market for small-cap stocks. We find that both the quoted spread and the relative quoted spread of the stocks listed on the NYSE MKT are higher than their matched peers on the NYSE. Compared with NASDAQ stocks, we find that the NYSE MKT stocks have a higher quoted spread but a lower relative quoted spread. Our event study shows that when stocks switch their listing from the NYSE MKT to the NYSE, they experience a liquidity improvement in terms of the quoted spread and relative quoted spread. However, the evidence on the liquidity changes when stocks switch to NASDAQ is mixed.
Dismantling an Ethos of Conflict: Strategies for Improving Intergroup Relations

Social psychological theory and research have proposed many strategies that are designed to improve intergroup relations. Two strategies in particular—promoting contact between groups and creating a common group identity—are more often considered in contexts where members of different groups may be willing to engage in reconciliation efforts, or long after violent conflict between the groups has dissipated. In light of Bar-Tal’s work on intractable conflicts, this chapter explores how these strategies for improving intergroup relations may be usefully applied in conflict settings, as well as some of the obstacles associated with their implementation in contexts of protracted conflict.
Ventricular muscle-restricted targeting of the RXRalpha gene reveals a non-cell-autonomous requirement in cardiac chamber morphogenesis.

Mouse embryos lacking the retinoic acid receptor gene RXR(alpha) die in midgestation from hypoplastic development of the myocardium of the ventricular chambers and consequent cardiac failure. In this study, we address the issue of whether the RXRalpha gene is required in the cardiomyocyte lineage by generating mice that harbor a ventricular restricted deficiency in RXRalpha at the earliest stages of ventricular chamber specification. We first created a conditional (9floxed9) allele of RXRalpha by flanking a required exon of the gene with loxP recombination sequences. To achieve ventricular myocardium-specific gene targeting, and to avoid potential transgenic artifacts, we employed a knock-in strategy to place cre recombinase coding sequences into the myosin light chain 2v (MLC2v) genomic locus, a gene which in the heart is expressed exclusively in ventricular cardiomyocytes at the earliest stages of ventricular specification. Crossing the MLC2v-cre allele with the floxed RXRalpha gene resulted in embryos in which approximately 80% of the ventricular cardiomyocytes lacked RXRalpha function, and yet which displayed a completely normal phenotype, without evidence of the wide spectrum of congenital heart disease phenotype seen in RXRa−/− embryos, and normal adult viability. We conclude that the RXRalpha mutant phenotype is not cell autonomous for the cardiomyocyte lineage, and suggest that RXRalpha functions in a neighboring compartment of the developing heart to generate a signal that is required for ventricular cardiomyocyte development and chamber maturation.
Don't be one more logo on the back of the T-shirt: Optimizing sponsorship recall

ABSTRACTThis article examines participant recall of a total of 87 sponsorships of a local running event over a 5-year period. Participant unaided recall was measured with an online survey administered shortly after the events. The study then used management interviews, event observation, and sponsorship data to provide an in-depth analysis of recall. The results indicate that sponsor engagement with event participants is the key factor in optimizing recall. Sponsors maximizing leveraging opportunities received much higher level of recall than those that did not. Lower level sponsors received almost no unaided recall except in specialized cases.
Predator recognition learning in rainbow darters Etheostoma caeruleum: specific learning and neophobia.

This study investigated whether rainbow darters Etheostoma caeruleum can learn to recognize unfamiliar predators through the process of classical conditioning. Etheostoma caeruleum were conditioned by exposing them simultaneously to their chemical alarm cues (a known fright stimulus) and either chemical cues from larval ringed salamanders Ambystoma annulatum (unfamiliar predator) or to a blank water cue (control). Conditioning could result in either specific learning of the A. annulatum cue or increased wariness in response to any novel cue (neophobia). To distinguish between these possibilities, E. caeruleum in both groups were exposed to either A. annulatum cues alone or to chemical cues from western rat snakes Pantherophis obsoletus (novel cue) 2 days after conditioning. Treatment (A. annulatum-conditioned) E. caeruleum, but not control E. caeruleum, showed a fright response when they were exposed to both the conditioned (A. annulatum) and novel (P. obsoletus) cues, indicating increased sensitivity to new stimuli. When E. caeruleum were retested after an additional 32 days, however, the fright response occurred only following exposure to the conditioned (A. annulatum) stimulus, indicating that specific learning of the A. annulatum cue had been retained whereas the neophobia to novel stimuli was temporary.
Verification of Experimental Component Mode Synthesis in the Sierra Analysis Framework

Experimental component mode synthesis (CMS) seeks to measure the fundamental modes of vibration of a substructure and develop a structural dynamics model of an as-built structural component through modal testing. Experimental CMS has the potential to circumvent laborious and costly substructure model development and calibration in lieu of a structural dynamics model obtained directly from experimental measurements. Previous efforts of interfacing an experimental CMS model with a production finite element code proved cumbersome. Recently an improved “Craig-Mayes” approach casts an experimental CMS model in the familiar Craig-Bampton form. This form is easily understood by analysts and more readily interfaced with non-trivial, discrete finite element models. The approach/work-flow for interfacing an experimental Craig-Mayes CMS model with the Sierra analysis framework is discussed and the procedure is demonstrated on a verification problem.
Power Plays: How International Institutions Reshape Coercive Diplomacy

Coercive diplomacy - the use of threats and assurances to alter another state's behavior - is indispensable to international relations. Most scholarship has focused on whether and when states are able to use coercive methods to achieve their desired results. However, employing game-theoretic tools, statistical modeling, and detailed case study analysis, Power Plays builds and tests a theory that explains how states develop strategies of coercive diplomacy, how their targets shield themselves from these efforts, and the implications for interstate relations. Focusing on the World Trade Organization, Power Plays argues that coercive diplomacy often precludes cooperation due to fears of exploitation, but that international institutions can solve these problems by convincing states to eschew certain tools for coercive purposes.
Procedure for selecting and modifying earthquake motions to multiple intensity measures

Abstract A new ground motion selection and modification procedure is presented that selects a set of ground motions to capture multiple intensity measure targets. The ground motion selection and modification procedure involves selecting a set of candidate ground motions scaled to a conditioning intensity measure that is subsequently trimmed down using a semi-automated selection process to reach a final set that satisfies statistical considerations. The new procedure is relatively straightforward to implement using common tools and knowledge yet is still based on the principles of conditioning and on aspects of previously-developed selection and modification procedures. A single example is provided to demonstrate the use of these concepts to ground motion development.
Differentiated Linguistic Strategies of Bilingual Professionals on the U.S.-Mexico Border

The authors present three distinct cases of English-Spanish bilinguals on the U.S.-Mexico border to illustrate how legitimate and authentic language use functions as forms of symbolic capital (P. Bourdieu, 1991). Language practices in the occupational domain exemplify how varieties of English and Spanish come into contact, are negotiated, and strategically utilized to situate oneself in a position of power within a linguistic market. The authors argue that because bilinguals have access to different forms of linguistic capital, in a highly bilingual context such as the U.S.-Mexico border, they develop differentiated strategies for employing language resources. The three strategies identified are avoidance, distribution, and engagement. Employing English-Spanish bilingualism through these differentiated strategies, participants exploit or compensate for their particular linguistic repertoire to meet the multilingual demands and language expectations of their workplace and, in doing so, reveal how languages...
Return on Capital (ROC), Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and Return on Equity (ROE): Measurement and Implications

If there has been a shift in corporate finance and valuation in recent years, it has been towards giving excess returns a more central role in determining the value of a business. While early valuation models emphasized the relationship between growth and value - higher growth firms were assigned higher values - more recent iterations of these models have noted that growth unaccompanied by excess returns creates no value. With this shift towards excess returns has come an increased focus on measuring and forecasting returns earned by businesses on both investments made in the past and expected future investments. In this paper, we examine accounting and cash flow measures of these returns and how best to forecast these numbers for any given business for the future.
Willingness to participation of local communities in the conservation of national parks

Removing local communities from lands that they have been exploiting for generations without consultation or adequate compensation can result in retaliation and hostile attitudes toward the objectives of the protected areas.Therefore, this study examines the application of willingness to participate of local communities in the conservation of national parks. For the empirical observations, Iran’s Khabr National Park was studied. The required data were collected using questionnaires fulfilling and interviewing with locals and tourists of the Khabr National Park. For analyzing the data, the logit econometric model was applied. Results indicated that 80 percent of them were eager to participate and they wanted the park to be managed by private sectors. Therefore, it is recommended that the government provide a condition where the private sector act and engage people in the conservation of the park. Factors such as a history of participation in previous projects, being Indigenous, lack of management organization, and familiarity with the environment were determined as the factors which affected the participation in this project.
Clinical and economic burden of dyspnea and other COPD symptoms in a managed care setting.

PURPOSE The degree to which symptoms such as dyspnea affect patients with COPD is individualized. To address the gap between clinical symptom measures and self-perceived disease burden, we investigated the symptom status of adult patients with COPD and followed with an administrative claims analysis of health care resource utilization and costs. METHODS This was a hybrid US observational study consisting of a cross-sectional patient survey followed by a retrospective analysis of administrative claims data. The primary COPD symptom measures were the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea scale and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). RESULTS A total of 673 patients completed the survey. Of these, 65% reported mMRC grades 0-1 (low symptomatology) and 35% reported mMRC grades 2-4 (high symptomatology); 25% reported CAT score <10 (low symptomatology) and 75% reported CAT score ≥10 (high symptomatology). More patients with high symptomatology (by either measure) had at least one COPD-related inpatient hospitalization, emergency room visit, physician office visit, or other outpatient services, and filled at least one COPD-related prescription medication vs patients with low symptomatology. COPD-related costs were higher for patients with high symptomatology than patients with low symptomatology. In a multivariate analysis, COPD-related costs were also higher in patients reporting severe symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients with high COPD symptomatology utilized more health care resources and had higher COPD-related health care costs during the 6-month post-survey period than patients with low symptomatology.
High-temperature superconducting microwave devices: fundamental issues in materials, physics, and engineering

High-Tcsuperconductivity has generated a great deal of interest because of the challenges it presents in the fields of material science, condensed matter physics, and electrical engineering, and because of the potential applications which may result from these research efforts. Thin-film passive microwave components may become the first high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices available for widespread use and commercialization. In this article, we review aspects of material science, physics, and engineering which directly impact high-Tcsuperconducting microwave devices and discuss issues which determine the performance of these devices. Methods of growing HTS thin films on large-area substrates, techniques for fabricating single-level HTS passive microwave components, and the relevant properties of high-Tcsuperconducting films are discussed, with a focus on thin films of the HTS material YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Several known mechanisms for microwave loss in both the superconductor and the dielectric substrate are presented. An overview of the general classes of superconducting passive microwave devices is given, and representative microwave devices which have been recently demonstrated are described in detail. Examples of a select few HTS active microwave components are also presented. Potential microwave applications are illustrated with comparisons to current technology.
Perspectives of Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 1. By E. Atlee Jackson

(1990). Perspectives of Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 1. By E. Atlee Jackson. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 97, No. 6, pp. 544-546.
South–South Cooperation in the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body

The South–South Cooperation (SSC) strategy advocates that Global South states cooperate within international organizations to gain bargaining leverage and advance their interests in global governance. The SSC agenda advances a multipolar international system, multilateral negotiations, and mutual economic development, especially for less developed states. This research examines qualitative and quantitative documentation of SSC leadership of Brazil and India in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Body. The analysis uses case studies of each actor’s profile in trade disputes and cross-tabulations of their success, both individually and collectively against Global North states. The findings support the proposition that Global South states have relatively high rates of success, especially when they collaborate in disputes against the Global North. This research extends the institutional analysis of SSC to the Dispute Settlement Body as an arena for rule-based decision making and adds a qualitative analysis of the SSC leadership and a quantitative analysis of categorical data of trade disputes. The conclusion summarizes the findings and suggests areas for future research.
A Risk- and Science-Based Approach to the Acceptance Sampling Plan Inspection of Protein Parenteral Products.

Abstract The requirement for visual inspection of pharmaceuticals has been a compendial expectation for over a century, with some advancement of visible particle control strategies in recent years. Current philosophies include a 100% inspection and an Acceptance Sampling Plan inspection. The particles found during these inspections are normally categorized simply by particle size (visible vs. subvisible), particle source (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) and particle type (inherent vs. extraneous). We believe that a more risk- and science-based approach is attainable, which is grounded in forensic data, toxicological/medical opinions and prior knowledge. We have provided an outline for how to determine patient safety impact of visible particles found in parenteral products and potential actions that could be taken within the quality system regarding lot disposition. We believe this approach focuses efforts on patient safety risks, enhances the use of prior knowledge and improves consistency in how particle observations are handled.
Locomotion and Perception as Communication over Principal Fiber Bundles

This chapter can be viewed as a demonstration of applications of the Lie-theoretic methods presented in Chapters 10–12, the inequalities in Chapter 19, and the stochastic processes on Lie groups in Chapter 20. As in Chapter 1, the simple system used to illustrate these concepts is the nonholonomic kinematic cart. When any trajectory of the cart is discretized into smaller segments which are drawn from a set of intended maneuvers, then this set serves as an alphabet of basic moves. As the cart moves and noise is added to these intended moves, it will not move exactly as planned. This corruption of the resulting output position and orientation can be viewed as an injection of noise through the combined space of pose and wheel angles. This space is an example of the differential geometric structure called a principal fiber bundle.1 An external observer (which might be a human or another robot) watching the motion of the robot can then attempt to infer the robot’s intent and functionality. The combination of stochastic models, information theory, and Lie groups is helpful in studying such scenarios.
A Comprehensive Model of Economy-Environment Interactions

There is a small but growing number of studies on economy-environment interactions accounting for thermodynamic constraints on natural resource use (see Chapter 5). A primary contribution of these studies to our understanding of economy-environment interactions is the recognition of the importance of exergy and entropy as measures of the change of quality of natural resources. Guided by thermodynamic concepts, these studies frequently treat all material and energy inputs into each sector of the economic system and waste release into the environment indiscriminately of whether these inputs and outputs are in the form of materials or energy (see Ayres and Miller 1980, Eriksson et al. 1984, and Ayres 1988 for examples). Rather, a single measure reflecting the quantity or quality of inputs is frequently employed to depict these flows. With the sole concentration on a single measure for the quality of inputs, however, information is lost on the substitutability of inputs and the distinct effects of material and energy degradation on the environment.
The selective reduction of NO and combustion of paraffins over MFI zeolites

Abstract Paraffins of increasing complexity have been studied as reducing agents in the SCR of NO over a Na-ZSM-5 zeolite containing Co 2+ , Ni 2+ or Cu 2+ base-exchange cations. A correlation was established between the rates of N 2 and CO 2 formation which was independent of the hydrocarbons employed. The data suggest that NO participates selectively in the combustion process and that the two reactions are coupled.
Lessons Learned from UAV-Based Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture *

This paper presents the lessons learned from the ongoing investigation at Cal Poly Pomona on the effectiveness of UAV-based remote sensing technology in detecting plant stresses due to water and nutrients. UAVs equipped with multispectral/hyperspectral sensors and RGB cameras were flown over lettuce and citrus plants at Cal Poly Pomona’s Spadra farm. The spectral sensor data were used in the determination of various vegetation indices that provide information on the water and nitrogen stresses of the plants. Proximal sensors that were used for the verification of remote sensing data included water potential meter, chlorophyll meter, and handheld spectroradiometer. The paper shows the relationship between the remote sensing and proximal sensor data. The paper also discusses the flight test procedures, data collection methods, and lessons learned so far.
Risk of gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities in patients with cancer treated with regorafenib: A systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials.

e22118Background: Regorafenib is an oral small molecule inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR, KIT, RET, RAF1, BRAF as well as PDGFR and FGFR, and is proven to be beneficial in di...
Welcome, its suppression, and the in-between spaces of refugee sub-citizenship – commentary to Gill

This article argues that geographies of welcome complicate simple binary oppositions between fully enfranchised citizenship and what is often theorized as the ‘bare life’ of refugee rejection in ‘spaces of exception’. Ranging from sanctuary cities and squats to clinics, classrooms, kitchens and gardens, spaces of welcome instead offer islands of limited enfranchisement, agency and hope amidst seas of sub-citizenship, subjugation and fear. The concept of sub-citizenship can be used thus to elucidate how welcome and its suppression create a spectrum of intermediate experiences between the abstract poles of biopolitical belonging and necropolitical rejection. Geographies of welcome thereby become legible as in-between spaces in which the damage done by the suppression of welcome is contested and countered, however incompletely.
Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy: In-session behavior, active ingredients and mechanisms of behavior change.

Abstract Objective Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy (ABCT) is an efficacious alcohol treatment. The purpose of the study was to describe patient and partner language and therapist behavior during therapy sessions and test a proposed causal model linking active ingredients of ABCT as measured by therapist behaviors, hypothesized mechanisms of behavior change as measured by in-session patient and partner language, and alcohol use outcomes. Method Data came from couples in four ABCT clinical trials (N = 188; 86 males, 102 females, and their partners). Patient and partner verbal behaviors in session one and a mid-treatment session were coded using the System for Coding Couples' Interactions in Therapy–Alcohol. Therapist behavior was coded using the Couples Treatment Integrity Rating System. Percent days abstinent was calculated from daily drinking data for the first and second half of treatment and six months post-treatment. Results Therapists delivered an adequate level of the ABCT interventions during treatment. During treatment, couples increased positive behaviors, talked less about drinking, and decreased their amount of motivational language. Therapist behaviors did not predict patient or partner behaviors during treatment or drinking outcomes. Partner advice in the first session predicted poorer drinking outcomes. At mid-treatment, patient behaviors as a block, and specific behaviors of contemptuousness toward their partner and sustain talk, predicted poorer drinking outcomes. Conclusions During ABCT, patients decrease their drinking, and patient and partner behaviors change in predicted ways. Partner advice, patient contemptuousness, and patient sustain talk predicted poorer outcomes. Analyses of within-session verbal behavior did not support the hypothesized mechanisms for change for ABCT.
A most dangerous error: The Boasian myth of a knock-down argument against racism

A genealogy of the English word racism shows that its dominant sense was shaped by Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Ashley Montagu around 1940 in order to establish a broad consensus against a narrow...
Low-temperature specific heat of the high-Tc superconductors La1.8Sr0.2CuO4- delta and RBa2Cu3O7- delta (R=Y, Eu, Ho, Tm, and Yb).

Low-temperature specific-heat measurements have been carried out between 0.5 and 30--50 K on the high-${T}_{c}$ copper oxide superconductors ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ and R${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (R=Y, Eu, Ho, Tm, and Yb). The specific heat of the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compounds below ${T}_{c}$ can be resolved into a contribution of the form ${C}_{e}$(T)=\ensuremath{\gamma}'T with a finite \ensuremath{\gamma}' and a lattice contribution that consists of Debye and Einstein terms. Specific-heat data for the R${\mathrm{Ba}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compounds with R=Ho, Tm, and Yb exhibit no features due to magnetic order above 0.5 K, but reveal electronic Schottky anomalies associated with crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting of the Hund's-rules ground-state multiplet of the ${R}^{3+}$ ions. The Schottky anomalies can be described by calculations based on tentative energy-level schemes for the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ ions in the CEF which are presented. Specific-heat data for the ${\mathrm{EuBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compound, which can be separated into a \ensuremath{\gamma}'T term, a Debye contribution, and a low-temperature upturn, are consistent with a nonmagnetic J=0 ground state for ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$, as expected from Hund's rules.
Novel determination of effective freeze-thaw cycles as drivers of ecosystem change.

Soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) profoundly influence biophysical conditions and modify biogeochemical processes across many northern-hemisphere and alpine ecosystems. How FTCs will contribute to global processes in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems in the future is of particular importance as climate change progresses and winter snowpacks decline. Our understanding of these contributions is limited because there has been little consideration of inter- and intrayear variability in the characteristics of FTCs, in part due to a limited appreciation for which of these characteristics matters most with respect to a given biogeochemical process. Here, we introduce the concept of effective FTCs: those that are most likely linked to changes in key soil processes. We also propose a set of parameters to quantify and characterize effective FTCs using standard field soil temperature data. To put these proposed parameters into effective practice, we present FTCQuant, an R package of functions that quantifies FTCs based on a set of user-defined parameter criteria and, importantly, summarizes the individual characteristics of each FTC counted. To demonstrate the utility of these new concepts and tools, we applied the FTCQuant package to re-analyze data from two published studies to help explain over-winter changes to N2 O emissions and wet-aggregate stability. We found that effective FTCs would be defined differently for each of these response variables and that effective FTCs provided a 76 and 33% increase in model fit for wet-aggregate stability and cumulative N2 O emission, respectively, relative to conventional FTC quantification methods focusing on fluctuations around 0 °C. These results demonstrate the importance of identifying effective FTCs when scaling soil processes to regional or global levels. We hope our contributions will inform future deductions, hypothesis generation, and experimentation with respect to expected changes in freeze-thaw cycling globally.
Variation in treatment of children hospitalized with new‐onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the United States

OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence supports the conclusion that early initiation of biologics may dramatically improve disease course and reduce glucocorticoid exposure for children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The present study was undertaken to characterize variation in the use of first-line biologic and glucocorticoid therapy and to identify drivers of variation in children hospitalized with new-onset systemic JIA. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with new-onset systemic JIA from 2008 to 2019 utilizing a comparative pediatric database from 52 tertiary care children's hospitals. Subjects and treatment receipt were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 discharge diagnosis codes, pharmacy billing data, and clinical transaction classification codes. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify patient- and hospital-level factors associated with receipt of glucocorticoids and biologics. RESULTS In total, 534 children with new-onset systemic JIA hospitalized during the study period met inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine percent received biologics, and 58% received glucocorticoids. Biologic use increased over time (P < 0.001), methotrexate use decreased (P < 0.01), and glucocorticoid use remained unchanged. Biologics and glucocorticoid use varied significantly between hospitals. High annual hospital volume, intensive care unit stay, and later discharge year were significantly associated with biologic exposure. Medium-high and high annual hospital volume were significantly associated with less glucocorticoid exposure. CONCLUSION Despite increasing evidence demonstrating improved outcomes with first-line treatment with biologics, we found significant treatment variation across hospitals with many children not receiving biologics and a persistent high rate of glucocorticoid exposure. These results underscore the need for comparative efficacy studies and improved treatment standardization.
Primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) in the general autopsy setting: Not just a disease of the elderly

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is generally considered a diagnosis of the elderly. In this letter, the authors present data showing that the pathologic changes of PART can occur in the general autopsy population significantly earlier than largely reported in the recent literature, particularly in woman.