cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation for semantic-based risk factors extraction from clinical narratives

Precision medicine is the new perspective in healthcare that requires a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan for a patient. This new approach mandates that clinical decision support system (CDSS), an essential element of preventive and precision medicine processes, uses state-of-the-art technologies in terms of clinical knowledge extraction. To assist a physician's precise prognosis using CDSS, it is important that a patient's health data is properly and automatically analyzed. The unstructured part of the data in electronic health records (EHR) is critical, as it may contain hidden risk factors. We propose a new approach for CDSS to extract risk factors concepts from the clinical narratives using natural language processing techniques (NLP) and semantic web technologies (SWT). We evaluate our model using a case study dataset of patients’ records with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our model extracts risk factors of VTE to make a prognosis. Results of proposed technique yielded precision of 85% and recall of 84% to identify and extract risk factors concepts.
Pregnancy as a Window to Racial Disparities in Hypertension.

Abstract Background: The black-white disparity in hypertension (HTN) among U.S. women persists after accounting for known risk factors. Pregnancy complications may reveal increased risks for later HTN. We examined the contribution of HTN risk factors measured at both midlife and pregnancy to black-white disparities in midlife HTN. Methods: Data came from a Michigan-based longitudinal study beginning in pregnancy. At 7–15 years postpregnancy (n = 615, mean age = 37), women were assessed for cardiovascular health, including blood pressure, and categorized as hypertensive (n = 126), prehypertensive (n = 149), and normotensive (n = 340). Midlife risk factors for HTN were assessed in four domains: socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial, behavioral, and physiological. We used generalized logit models to assess the degree to which each domain attenuated the black (vs. white) odds ratio (OR) for HTN at midlife. We then added indicators of pregnancy health, that is, preterm delivery, prepregnancy body mass index...
donde se encuentra el enigma sobre la creencia

This paper investigates S. Kripke’s, “A Puzzle about Belief”. I focus on three areas. First, it is not always clear where the puzzle lies. In what does the puzzle consist, exactly? A second focus is the methodology of Kripke’s paper. I believe Kripke’s use of the puzzle to defend Millianism involves an interesting methodology which has not received the attention it deserves. Third, I discuss relations between rationality, semantic value and reference. The current unfashionability of Fregean theories may be sustained by insensitivity to these relations. Toward the end I consider and reject a challenge to the Fregean position defended.
The Model Projection Problems in the Global Instrumentation of a Process

Abstract A number of important control theory problems are involved in the selection of input-output schemes of a given process and one family of such problems is referred to as Model Projection Problems (MPP); these problems deal with the selection of effective sets of inputs, outputs out of larger potential sets of inputs, output respectively. The aim of this paper is to classify the different types of MPPs, discuss their relevance is the Early Process Design Stages, provide a framework for their study and suggest tools, methodologies, which are essential for their solution. The dominant idea running through the present treatment of MPPs is that the suggested solutions aim a producing final models with inherently “good” control structure characteristics.
Regulation of platelet production and function by megakaryocyte growth and development factor in nonhuman primates

The primary physiologic regulator of platelet production, Mpl ligand, has recently been cloned and characterized. To define the regulatory role of Mpl ligand on platelet production and function we measured the effects of a recombinant truncated human Mpl ligand, megakaryocyte growth and development factor (rHu-MGDF) on megakaryocytopoiesis, platelet function, and thrombogenesis in nonhuman primates. rHu-MGDF was administered to 10 baboons for 28 days while performing pharmacokinetics and repeated measurements of the following: (1) platelet count, volume, turnover, and function ex vivo and in vitro; (2) marrow megakaryocyte number, volume, and ploidy; and (3) platelet deposition and fibrin accumulation on segments of vascular graft and endarterectomized aorta in vivo. Daily subcutaneous injections of rHu-MGDF (5 microgram/kg/d) attained plasma concentrations averaging 1,300 +/- 300 pg/mL 2 hours after injection with trough levels of 300 +/- 65 pg/mL before the next dose. These levels of rHu-MGDF incrementally increased the peripheral platelet concentration threefold by day 7 and fivefold by day 28 (P .1 in all cases). The platelet count gradually returned to baseline within 2 weeks after discontinuing rHu-MGDF infections. Marrow megakaryocyte volume doubled (P .5 in both cases). During the first week of rHu-MGDF treatment ex vivo platelet aggregatory responsiveness was enhanced to physiologic agonists (adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and thrombin receptor agonist peptide, TRAP1-6) (P .5), rHu-MGDF enhanced aggregatory responses to low doses of physiologic agonists, effects that were maximal at 10 ng/mL for baboon platelets and 100 ng/mL for human platelets, and were blocked by excess soluble c-Mpl receptor. Flow cytometric expression of platelet activation epitopes was not increased on resting platelets (ligand-induced binding sites, P-selectin, or Annexin V binding sites; P > .1 in all cases). Megakaryocyte growth and development factor regulates platelet production and function by stimulating endoreduplication and megakaryocyte formation from marrow progenitor cells, and transiently enhancing platelet functional responses ex vivo. rHu-MGDF has the potential for achieving platelet hemostatic protection with minimal thrombo-occlusive risk.
A first look at parental work schedules and children’s well-being in contemporary China

This article examines the association between parental work schedules and children’s well-being using a 2014 sample of first-graders in Shanghai, China (N = 2282), a society undergoing rapid econom...
Comparative Price Advertising: An Integrative Review:

After two decades of research, public policymakers, researchers, and managers still have questions regarding the use, abuse, and overall effectiveness of comparative price advertising. Using an int...
Predicting response to chronic antihypertensive treatment with fosinopril: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism.

Insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene has been reported to be involved in various cardiovascular diseases. We investigated prospectively whether the response to the ACE inhibitor fosinopril varied according to the ACE genotype in previously untreated Greek hypertensive patients. After a 4-week observation period, fosinopril was administered at a dose of 20 mg daily and blood pressure was measured weekly for 6 months. The study population consisted of 104 hypertensive patients (46 male, 58 female). There were no differences in age, gender, body mass index, and pretreatment blood pressure levels among patients with the DD, ID, and II genotypes (n = 42, 30, 32, respectively). The reduction in systolic blood pressure was significantly greater in patients carrying the DD compared to II or ID genotypes (5.6 ± 3.1 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 or 3.6 ± 2.2, respectively; ANOVA, p < 0.05). The reduction in diastolic blood pressure was also significantly greater in DD hypertensives compared with II or ID (8.9 ± 6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.4 or 5.8 ± 4, respectively; ANOVA, p < 0.05). The age and BMI were not correlated with the changes in SBP or DBP that were observed after fosinopril administration. In conclusion, the ACE gene genotype was shown to influence the response to fosinopril in hypertensive patients.
Communication Technologies and the Futures of Courts and Law

In order to forecast alternative futures of law, lawyers, courts, and judges it is necessary to understand their alternative pasts and presents, and to determine what aspects of the pasts and presents might continue to influence the futures, and what novelties might arise creating new conditions. This paper looks at the way judicial systems have been shaped by communication technologies in the pasts and might be shaped by current and emerging communication technologies in the futures. For most of our existence, homosapiens, sapiens lived as nomadic hunters and gatherers in small, face-to-face groups. We are biologically and in many ways psychologically evolved for that kind of life, and not for the world in which we now live. Agriculture and cities—civilization—is only a few thousand years old for anyone, and still new for many. Industrial and information societies are mere recent eye-blinks in human history. Alfred North Whitehead said that civilization is a race between education and disaster. It is also a race between biology and our built environment, and the cultures we have created within it. including the cultures of law.
Experimental Investigation of Mismatched Weld Joint Performance

A mismatched welded component exists when the strength of the weld material is different than the strength of the base material. This research examined the effect of weld joint geometry and the mismatch level on the strength and fracture performance of high-strength steel weld components. Eleven different welded systems were constructed with the mismatch ranging between -36% to +47% and various weld joint profiles to sculpt fusion zone widths between 2 and 13 mm at the crack tip. Instrumented tension tests were utilized to characterize weldment strength behavior, while single-edge bend J-R curve testing of short (a/W = 0.15) and deeply (a/W = 0.5) cracked specimens was conducted to measure both baseline weld metal toughness properties and to determine the fracture performance of mismatched systems. The results indicate that more contact strengthening occurs in beveled, structural undermatched weldments compared to straight-sided welds. Flawed undermatched performance is highly dependent on the fusion zone width as well, while the degree of mismatching is a secondary effect. As the zone width decreases, the apparent tearing resistance also decreases. The overall performance of undermatched systems, however, can still be better than overmatched systems when the inherent toughness of the overmatching weld metal consumable is poor.
Additive Manufacturing AiP Designs and Applications

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are emerging fabrication methods that are expanding rapidly in both industrial applications and academic research. The most popular AM technologies are inkjet printing and three‐dimensional (3D) printing. This chapter first provides a detailed introduction to different AM technologies, including inkjet printing, and discusses a variety of 3D printing technologies and their relevance to radio frequency applications. Next, the material characterization methods are given, and a hybrid fabrication process by integrating 3D printed packaging substrates and inkjet printing conductive traces are introduced. The chapter also introduces a broadband 5G antenna‐in‐package (AiP) design realized with AM and the respective measurement results. Finally, the summary and future visions of realizing complex 3D AiP and system‐on‐package design using AM are included.
Ketamine metabolites, clinical response, and gamma power in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial for treatment-resistant major depression

A single, subanesthetic dose of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) exerts rapid and robust antidepressant effects. Several groups previously reported that (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) had antidepressant effects in rodents, and that (2R,6R)-HNK increased cortical electroencephalographic gamma power. This exploratory study examined the relationship between ketamine metabolites, clinical response, psychotomimetic symptoms, and gamma power changes in 34 individuals (ages 18-65) with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) who received a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg) over 40 min. Plasma concentrations of ketamine, norketamine, and HNKs were measured at 40, 80, 120, and 230 min and at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infusion. Linear mixed models evaluated ketamine metabolites as mediators of antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects and their relationship to resting-state whole-brain magnetoencephalography (MEG) gamma power 6-9 h post-infusion. Three salient findings emerged. First, ketamine concentration positively predicted distal antidepressant response at Day 11 post-infusion, and an inverse relationship was observed between (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK concentration and antidepressant response at 3 and 7 days post-infusion. Norketamine concentration was not associated with antidepressant response. Second, ketamine, norketamine, and (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK concentrations at 40 min were positively associated with contemporaneous psychotomimetic symptoms; post-hoc analysis revealed that ketamine was the predominant contributor. Third, increased (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK maximum observed concentration (Cmax) was associated with increased MEG gamma power. While contrary to preclinical observations and our a priori hypotheses, these exploratory results replicate those of a recently published study documenting a relationship between higher (2S,6S;2R,6R)-HNK concentrations and weaker antidepressant response in humans and provide further rationale for studying gamma power changes as potential biomarkers of antidepressant response.
P151 Eye to the Future: Developing the Next Generation of Childhood Obesity Prevention Educators

Background Latinx minorities are critically underrepresented in the nutrition/dietetics (ND) profession. The Eye to the Future (ETTF) internship aims to increase the diversity of the ND and healthcare field by providing an internship experience that offers obesity prevention and treatment training, mentoring, and career/professional development for Latinx undergraduate students. Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether the ETTF internship improved nutrition knowledge, health career readiness, and professional development. Study Design, Setting, Participants Quasi-experimental one-group design study conducted at university setting. The sample consisted of 24 Latinx undergraduate students with 21 students (87.5%) completing the internship program. Interns’ mean age was 23.9 (SD = 6.9). Most of interns reported a major in Nutrition. Interns participated in 20 weekly sessions that included: 1) didactic and experiential learning activities related to the development, implementation, and evaluation of a community-based lifestyle program for minority adolescents; and 2) mentoring, career/professional development workshops and career fairs. Analysis Health career readiness was assessed with an 8-item self-report survey, rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (extremely confident), at baseline (Cronbach's α = .82) and post-practicum (Cronbach's α = .87). Interns also completed a 72-item nutrition knowledge exam at baseline and post-internship. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to compare career readiness and nutrition knowledge pre- and post-internship. Qualitative interviews were recorded and coded for major themes. Results Students reported a significant increase in career readiness from baseline (M = 3.53, SD = 0.63) to post-practicum (M = 4.22, SD = 0.56) [t(7) = 3.06, P = .018]. Moreover, students significantly improved their nutrition knowledge from baseline (M = 37.60, SD = 7.49) to post-practicum (M = 44.00, SD = 6.66) [t(9) = 3.70, P = .005]. Students also reported that they gained better communication skills from their participation in the internship program. Conclusions The Eye to the Future internship serves as a model for educators to encourage underrepresented students to enter the ND profession.
My neighborhood has a good reputation: Associations between spatial stigma and health.

Abstract Health researchers increasingly recognize the influence of spatial stigma, or negative reputation of place, as a social determinant of health. Drawing from a New Haven-based cohort study (n = 251), we assessed the relationships between spatial stigma, self-rated health, and psychological distress using generalized estimating equation models. Adjusting for neighborhood-level poverty and racial composition, those who perceived living in spatially stigmatized neighborhoods were significantly more likely to report severe psychological distress compared to those that did not perceive their neighborhoods to be stigmatized (B = 1.09, CI: 0.31, 1.87). Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature that suggests that socially constructed meanings of place may influence health.
ML Track Fitting in Nuclear Physics

Charged particle tracking represents the largest consumer of CPU resources in high data volume Nuclear Physics (NP) experiments. An effort is underway to develop machine learning (ML) networks that will reduce the resources required for charged particle tracking. Tracking in NP experiments represent some unique challenges compared to high energy physics (HEP). In particular, track finding typically represents only a small fraction of the overall tracking problem in NP. This presentation will outline the differences and similarities between NP and HEP charged particle tracking and areas where ML learning may provide a benefit. The status of the specific effort taking place at Jefferson Lab will also be shown.
Periscope's Dawn: Up or Down?

Fledgling social media platform Periscope has become a worldwide phenomenon thanks to the acquisition and global support by Twitter in 2015. Yet in 2016, its founders find themselves at the usual crossroads between monetization vs. growth, and Twitter itself is under pressure for monetization. Meanwhile, competitors such as Meerkat and Facebook Livestream are gaining ground. Should Periscope dance with the enemy and integrate its service with Facebook to boost user growth? What are the best alternatives to market Periscope, and what are the possible uses of Periscope for marketing? These are only the beginning questions that need to be answered.
Incorporating Shrub Neighborhood Dynamics to Predict Forest Succession Trajectories in an Altered Fire Regime

As fire regimes shift in western North America, patches of stand-replacing fire are becoming larger. Forest succession in these patches is not well understood. There is concern that competition with rapidly reestablishing shrubs, combined with dispersal limitation, may delay or impede conifer recovery and/or shift tree composition toward shade-tolerant species. However, tree–shrub interactions and shrub neighborhood dynamics have not been closely examined. To investigate the patterns and processes determining forest recovery after severe wildfire, we developed a data-driven simulation model that we use to predict conifer emergence above the shrub canopy. Our model results showed that ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) emerged at a faster rate than white fir (Abies concolor) under whitethorn ceanothus (Ceanothus cordulatus) and deerbrush (Ceanothus integerrimus), and at a similar rate under greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula). Across all shrub species, ponderosa pine had a relative advantage over fir in the period between conifer establishment and peak shrub competition, requiring a mean of 16 years for 50% of individuals to emerge compared to 22 years for fir. Fir emergence rates then surpassed those of pine, leading to similar overall emergence by simulation end: 83% ± 7% for pine and 82% ± 7% for fir. These results show that, on balance, shrub neighborhood dynamics do not produce an ecological filter favoring firs for the initial cohort of established seedlings, but emergence patterns are sensitive to shrub species. Further applications of this data-driven simulation framework could improve understanding of other important components of post-fire succession.
Travel mode and participation in structured activities among U.S. teens

Abstract In the United States, low-income and minority teens are less likely than their affluent and white peers to engage in structured activities like team sports, clubs, and paid work. This gap is problematic because teens who participate earn higher grades, are less likely to drop out of high school, and are more likely to enroll in college. While scholars in other fields focus on program availability and affordability, this paper asks: Could transportation barriers keep some teens from participating? To answer that question, we analyze data on the travel and time use of teens ages 15 to 18 from the American Time Use Survey (2004 to 2018). We find that teens who use a car are far more likely than otherwise similar teens who walk, bike, or ride public transit to participate in extramurals, athletics, and paid work. Because minority and low-income teens are less likely to have a car or a driver’s license, they are less likely to use a car on the survey day. This restricts their ability to participate. What is worse, gaps in automobility have widened over time, particularly by income. While this cross-sectional data cannot definitively indicate causality, we draw on the modal mismatch and transportation disadvantage literatures to interpret these findings. Many teens, particularly low-income and minority teens—cannot reliably access structured activities.
GC/MS for Combustion and Pyrolysis Research

The ability to determine combustion and thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) products at trace concentrations can lead to important information on catalytic pathways, the degradation process itself, and structural (fingerprint) information on the parent molecule(s), among others. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is well suited to separate and identify the volatile molecules and molecular fragments generated by combustion and pyrolysis processes. Whereas, pyrolysis (conducted in an inert atmosphere) is often used as a sample introduction device directly coupled to GC/MS, combustion is generally carried out offline and its products are collected and analyzed with GC/MS, or even pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the past few years, this powerful technique has been used to examine a variety of sample types for quite diverse applications. This chapter describes the state of the art and the progress of GC/MS for the measurement of combustion and pyrolysis products. An introduction to the technique, including the principles of GC/MS, is first provided, followed by a demonstration of the instrument's capabilities for combustion and pyrolysis research. All reports discussed herein were selected in part to demonstrate the diversity of current combustion and pyrolysis research using GC/MS. The present authors' studies with temperature-programmed desorption in conjunction with GC/MS to characterize oxygen shuttling on the chars derived from different gaseous environment, are highlighted. Finally, the use of GC/MS in combination with isotope-labeling techniques to reveal complex reaction pathways and mechanisms is discussed. Keywords: Gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; combustion; pyrolysis; temperature-programmed desorption
Tangential flow filtration and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of marine picoplankton.

A procedure was developed for harvesting gram quantities of microbial biomass from oligotrophic waters, when mixed populations are present in low abundance. Picoplankton from Atlantic Ocean (Hydrostation S, Sargasso Sea) and Pacific Ocean (Aloha Station) sites were collected in a three-stage process: (i) collection of seawater through an intake covered with 10-microns-pore Nytex; (ii) concentration by a tangential flow filtration device equipped with 10 ft2 (0.929 m2) of 0.1-micron-pore fluorocarbon membrane; (iii) collection of cells from concentrate by centrifugation. The overall efficiency of picoplankton recovery was at least 37%. The cellular morphotypes recovered matched those of the original population. DNA was prepared from frozen cell pellets by enzymatic digestion, solvent extraction, and isopycnic centrifugation. As indicated by the binding of kingdom-specific hybridization probes to the purified DNA, the Sargasso Sea picoplankton in this collection were largely eubacteria. Images
The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups

General introduction to the special odd case General lemmas Theorem $C^*_2$: Stage 1 Theorem $C^*_2$: Stage 2 Theorem $C_2$: Stage 3 Theorem $C_2$: Stage 4 Theorem $C_2$: Stage 5 Theorem $C_3$: Stage 1 Theorem $C_3$: Stages 2 and 3 IV$_K$: Preliminary properties of $K$-groups Background references Expository references Glossary Index.
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway negatively regulates Ca2+-activated K+ channel trafficking in developing parasympathetic neurons

The trafficking of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (K(Ca)) in chick ciliary ganglion neurons is regulated by growth factors. Here we show that a canonical p38 cascade inhibits K(Ca) trafficking in ciliary ganglion neurons. Two different p38 inhibitors (SB202190 or SB203580) or over-expression of dominant-negative forms of several components of the p38 cascade increased K(Ca) in ciliary neurons. Inhibition of protein synthesis or Golgi processing had no effect on this phenomenon, suggesting that p38 is acting at a distal step of the trafficking pathway. Depolymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) increased functional expression of K(Ca), whereas stabilization of F-actin inhibited the effect of SB202190 on K(Ca) trafficking. SB202190 also caused an immunochemically detectable increase in K(Ca) on the plasma membrane. Inhibition of p38 decreased the extent of cortical F-actin in ciliary neurons. Macroscopic K(Ca) is suppressed by transforming growth factor (TGF) beta3. Application of TGFbeta3 increased the phosphorylation of p38 in ciliary neurons and increased cortical F-actin. Thus, the p38 signaling cascade endogenously suppresses development of functional K(Ca), in part by stabilizing an F-actin barrier that prevents plasma membrane insertion of functional channel complexes. This cascade also appears to mediate inhibitory effects of TGFbeta3 on the expression of K(Ca).
Being Small in a Supersized World: Tackling the Problem of Low-Level Exposures in Toxic Tort Actions

Low-level toxic tort claims are challenging traditional tort notions of injury and causation. Low-level exposures form the basis of claims in both environmental contamination cases and toxic product liability actions and may involve exposures below thresholds set in government health and safety standards. Establishing injury-in-fact and causation is especially problematic in low-level toxic tort claims due to latent harms, multiple defendants, and scientific uncertainty. In addition, the courts increasingly are asked to address whether relevant government standards should be accepted as legal thresholds that would bar plaintiffs’ claims when the defendant is in compliance with the standard. Traditionally, tort law has treated compliance with government standards as evidence of proper conduct, but not as a defense to suit. Courts today struggle with these issues and have applied various rules in individual cases. Although tort law and government regulation seem to be at odds, courts should seek a middle ground that values both. This Article explores the doctrinal underpinnings of the problem of low-level toxic tort claims, the various approaches undertaken by the courts, and the goals that should form the basis of a solution.
Frequency of neonatal bilirubin testing and hyperbilirubinemia in a large health maintenance organization.

Objective. To determine the frequency and interhospital variation of bilirubin testing and identified hyperbilirubinemia in a large health maintenance organization. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Eleven Northern California Kaiser Permanente hospitals. Subjects. A total of 51 387 infants born in 1995–1996 at ≥36 weeks9 gestation and ≥2000 g. Main Outcome Measure. Bilirubin tests and maximum bilirubin levels recorded in the first month after birth. Results. The proportion of infants receiving ≥1 bilirubin test varied across hospitals from 17% to 52%. The frequency of bilirubin levels ≥20 mg/dL (342 μmol/L) varied from .9% to 3.4% (mean: 2.0%), but was not associated with the frequency of bilirubin testing (R2 = .02). Maximum bilirubin levels ≥25 mg/dL (428 μmol/L) were identified in .15% of infants and levels ≥30 mg/dL (513 μmol/L) in .01%. Conclusions. Significant interhospital differences exist in bilirubin testing and frequency of identified hyperbilirubinemia. Bilirubin levels ≥20 mg/dL were commonly identified, but levels ≥25 mg/dL were not.
Formal and informal governance in biotechnology alliances: board oversight, contractual control, and repeated deals

In complex transactions like strategic alliances, firms are likely to employ both formal and informal governance mechanisms to achieve effective alliance governance. The question of whether formal and informal governance mechanisms are complements or substitutes needs to be addressed within the context of effective governance as a means to economic value creation for the transacting partners. Rather than an �either�or� choice between the two perspectives�the substitute hypothesis and the complement hypothesis�on the relationship between formal and informal governance mechanisms, I provide evidence from the biotechnology industry that alliances characterized by high levels of exchange hazards utilizing both mechanisms, supporting the complements hypothesis, whereas those alliances with lower levels of exchange hazards utilize only one type of governance mechanism. Finding seemingly contrasting results within a single institutional setting suggests that, in addition to institution-specific characteristics, alliance-specific characteristics may also be critical for understanding how alliance partners utilize multiple governance mechanisms.
Vulcans, terminators and science

Fantastic Voyages: Learning Science Through Science Fiction Films. Edited by Leroy W. Dubeck, Suzanne E. Moshier and Judith E. Boss. American Institute of Physics/Oxford University Press: 1994. Pp. 327. $40, £25.
The SIRTF First-Look Survey. I. VLA Image and Source Catalog

The First-Look Survey (FLS) of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) will cover about 5 deg^2 centered on J2000.0 α = 17^h18^m, δ = +59°30' in order to characterize the extragalactic infrared sky 2 orders of magnitude deeper than the IRAS survey. We expect that most of the FLS far-infrared (λ = 160, 70, and 24 μm) sources will be star-forming galaxies obeying the very tight far-infrared/radio correlation and will be continuum radio sources with flux densities S ≳100 μJy at ν = 1.4 GHz. Conversely, radio sources stronger than 100 μJy are usually powered by star-forming galaxies, plus some active galactic nuclei, and most should be detectable by the SIRTF FLS. Thus, a sensitive radio survey can be used to select and identify most of the SIRTF FLS source population before launch. We used the B configuration of the VLA to make an image of the FLS area at ν = 1.4 GHz with σ ≈ 23 μJy beam^(-1) rms fluctuations, θ = 5.”0 resolution, and σ_α ≈ σδ ≾0.”5 rms uncertainties in right ascension and declination. The resulting radio image and catalog of 3565 radio components with peak flux densities S_p ≥ 5 σ = 115 μJy beam^(-1) have been released via the Web to expedite follow-up optical identification and spectroscopy.
Afghanistan: The consolidation of a rogue state

It is imperative that the United States initiate a proactive offensive on the Taliban, whose agenda presents a significant threat to our national security and moral leadership. By aiding the Taliban's victims, supporting moderate Afghans, and elevating the importance of Afghanistan at home, the United States can implement a policy that will prevent this group from further consolidating its power and asserting itself as an uncontrollable rogue state.
On the fluctuations of simple matching

For n points X"1, ..., X"n that are independent uniformly distributed over [0, 1]^2 we denote by M"n = M"n("1,...,X"n) the length of a shortest matching of these points. (That is, the points are grouped two by two, and we add the distances of each pair of matched points). We prove that for some universal constant K, we have P(|M"n - EM"n|>=K(logn)^3^2) =< n^-^2.
Rates of hand disinfection associated with glove use, patient isolation, and changes between exposure to various body sites

Abstract Background: Handwashing is the most effective and economic intervention shown to reduce nosocomial infection rates. However, studies have consistently documented low hand disinfection compliance. Literature regarding the roles that concomitant glove use and isolation precautions play in health care worker compliance with hand disinfection is limited. It is unclear whether workers change gloves and disinfect hands adequately between exposures to different body sites/secretions while caring for a patient. Methods: This was an observational study in which hand disinfection compliance and glove use among workers was evaluated in 2 intensive care units at a tertiary care hospital. Results: Five hundred eighty-nine opportunities for hand disinfection were recorded in 40 hours of observation. Overall compliance was 22.1%. We found a statistically significant, positive association between glove use and subsequent hand disinfection (relative risk [RR], 3.9 [95% CI, 2.5–6.0]; P Conclusions: Glove use increases compliance with hand disinfection. Isolation precautions do not increase compliance. Workers do not appropriately comply with disinfection guidelines when attending to multiple body sites/secretions on the same patient. Compliance with hand disinfection remains low. (Am J Infect Control 2002;31:97-103.)
Reconstructing trees from two point deleted subtrees

The main theorem of this paper states that any tree having at least five vertices can be recovered up to isomorphism from its two point deleted subtrees. The proof makes use of partially labelled trees.
Perceived importance of selected product information sources in two time periods by United States and West German consumers

Abstract Perceived use of different types of information sources in the purchase of a major durable good is investigated in two countries (West Germany and the U.S.), two age groups (under 35, 35 and over), and two time periods (1970 and 1976). A logit model is constructed to allow probabilistic conclusions about the relationships among time, country, and age as explanatory variables and information source types as response variables. Product testing is found to increase in importance between time periods in both countries and to have the highest probability of use in combination with peer group as a source. Advertising has twice the probability of perceived use in the U.S. as in West Germany, and probability of use has not changed between years. Age is found not to be significant in perceived importance of sources.
SQV-7, a protein involved in Caenorhabditis elegans epithelial invagination and early embryogenesis, transports UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-N- acetylgalactosamine, and UDP-galactose

Caenorhabditis elegans sqv mutants are defective in vulval epithelial invagination and have a severe reduction in hermaphrodite fertility. The gene sqv-7 encodes a multitransmembrane hydrophobic protein resembling nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi membrane. A Golgi vesicle enriched fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing SQV-7 transported UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, and UDP-galactose (Gal) in a temperature-dependent and saturable manner. These nucleotide sugars are competitive, alternate, noncooperative substrates. The two mutant sqv-7 missense alleles resulted in a severe reduction of these three transport activities. SQV-7 did not transport CMP-sialic acid, GDP-fucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, UDP-glucose, or GDP-mannose. SQV-7 is able to transport UDP-Gal in vivo, as shown by its ability to complement the phenotype of Madin-Darby canine kidney ricin resistant cells, a mammalian cell line deficient in UDP-Gal transport into the Golgi. These results demonstrate that unlike most nucleotide sugar transporters, SQV-7 can transport multiple distinct nucleotide sugars. We propose that SQV-7 translocates multiple nucleotide sugars into the Golgi lumen for the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates that play a pivotal role in development.
Addressing Mental Health Disparities through Clinical Competence Not Just Cultural Competence: The Need for Assessment of Sociocultural Issues in the Delivery of Evidence-Based Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services

Recognition of ethnic/racial disparities in mental health services has not directly resulted in the development of culturally responsive psychosocial interventions. There remains a fundamental need for assessment of sociocultural issues that have been linked with the expectations, needs, and goals of culturally diverse consumers with severe and persistent mental illness. The authors posit that embedding the assessment of sociocultural issues into psychosocial rehabilitation practice is one step in designing culturally relevant empirically supported practices. It becomes a foundation on which practitioners can examine the relevance of their interventions to the diversity encountered in everyday practice. This paper provides an overview of the need for culturally and clinically relevant assessment practices and asserts that by improving the assessment of sociocultural issues the clinical competence of service providers is enhanced. The authors offer a conceptual framework for linking clinical assessment of sociocultural issues to consumer outcomes and introduce an assessment tool adapted to facilitate the process in psychosocial rehabilitation settings. Emphasizing competent clinical assessment skills will ultimately offer a strategy to address disparities in treatment outcomes for understudied populations of culturally diverse consumers with severe and persistent mental illness.
A model of Phanerozoic cycles of carbon and calcium in the global ocean: Evaluation and constraints on ocean chemistry and input fluxes

The relationships between the global carbon cycle and paleo-climates on short and long time scales have been based on studies of accumulation rate of the two main components of the sedimentary carbon reservoir, organic carbon and carbonate carbon. Variations in the rate and proportion of carbonate burial through Phanerozoic time have been attributed to the effects of tectonics on eustasy, atmospheric CO2 concentration, MOR (Mid-Ocean Ridge) hydrothermal flux, and weathering and riverine flux. This study addresses the history of variations in the state of the surface ocean and its degree of saturation with respect to calcite and aragonite, based on a geochemical model that considers the Phanerozoic atmospheric PCO2 and surface ocean temperature reconstructions as the main forcings on the system. The results show that, using near-present-day values of ocean salinity and alkalinity, the Early Paleozoic and Middle Mesozoic oceans are calculated to be undersaturated (or nearly undersaturated) with respect to CaCO3. For the near-present-day values of supersaturation (Ω=ICP/Ksp) of 3–5 with respect to calcite, paleo-alkalinity of ocean water would have been up to 2.5 times greater than at present, although the pH values of surface ocean water would have been somewhat lower than the present values. This alkalinity factor is consistent with a higher calcium concentration (up to ×2.5) due to increased circulation at ocean spreading-zones and also higher salinity (up to ×1.5) attributed by other authors to segments of the geologic past. Our model results indicate that although PCO2 was a contributing factor to shifts between calcite and aragonite saturation of seawater, additional changes in alkalinity were needed to maintain supersaturation at the level of 3–5, comparable to the present. Continental weathering of crystalline and older carbonate rocks, in addition to MOR (Mid-Ocean Ridge) circulation, was likely an important mechanism for maintaining supersaturation of surface ocean water, particularly during times of increased carbonate storage.
A METHOD FOR the DETERMINATION of STRANDEDNESS of DNA FRAGMENTS CLONED IN PHAGE M13

Recombinant M13Hol phage containing Eco R1 restriction endonuclease fragments B, E, and F of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA were constructed by cloning into the unique Eco R1 site of the replicative form of the phage M13Hol176 DNA. Polarity of the adenovirus inserts in recombinant molecules was deduced by the following procedures: Viral DNA fragments obtained from Ad2 DNA molecules were purified, denatured, and subjected to electrophoresis. the separated DNA strands were transferred from agarose to nitrocellulose by the Southern procedure and hybridized with radioactive 3′-end labeled Hae III fragments of the recombinant phage DNAs. This procedure provided a rapid test for assaying strandedness of the cloned fragments.
Evidence for loss of brain [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]ADTN binding sites in rabbit brain with aging

[3H]Spiroperidol and [3H]2-amino-6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride (ADTN) binding were measured in various central nervous system regions of 5 month and 5.5 year old rabbits. In striatum, young animals had a 38% higher number of [3H]spiroperidol binding sites and a 140% higher number of [3H]ADTN binding sites than did the older animals. In frontal cortex and anterior limbic cortex there were respectively 42% and 26% more [3H]spiroperidol binding sites in the young animals. There was no change in the binding site number or affinity for [3H]spiroperidol in retina with aging. Pharmacological characterization demonstrated that [3H]spiroperidol binds to a dopamine receptor in striatum and to a serotonin receptor in cortex.
Giant cell tumor of the lunate bone: A case report

Abstract A case of giant cell tumor occurring in the lunate bone is presented. The rarity of this location is discussed.
Time-resolved europium(III) excitation spectroscopy: a luminescence probe of metal ion binding sites

A laser-induced luminescence technique is introduced for probing the structure and equilibria of lanthanide complexes and lanthanide ion binding to macromolecules. The method involves the excitation of the 7F0 leads to 5D0 transition between nondegenerate levels in the europium(III) ion by means of an intense pulsed dye laser source. Excitation profits obtained by scanning the laser through the transition region reveal distinct peaks characteristic of individual europium(III) ion environments. The technique may be used to characterize the species present in complex equilibria in solution or to study europium(III) binding to macromolecules. Distinct europium(III) binding sites in thermolysin with long and short excited state lifetimes are observed.
Genetic heritage of the Old Order Mennonites of southeastern Pennsylvania.

The Old Order Mennonites of southeastern Pennsylvania are a religious isolate with origins in 16th-century Switzerland. The Swiss Mennonites immigrated to Pennsylvania over a 50-year period in the early 18th century. The history of this population in the United States provides insight into the increased incidence of several genetic diseases, most notably maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), and congenital nephrotic syndrome. A comparison between the Old Order Mennonites and the Old Order Amish demonstrates the unique genetic heritage of each group despite a common religious and geographic history. Unexpectedly, several diseases in both groups demonstrate allelic and/or locus heterogeneity. The population genetics of the 1312T --> A BCKDHA gene mutation, which causes classical MSUD, are presented in detail. The incidence of MSUD in the Old Order Mennonites is estimated to be 1/358 births, yielding a corrected carrier frequency of 7.96% and a mutation allele frequency of 4.15%. Analysis of the population demonstrates that repeated cycles of sampling effects, population bottlenecks, and subsequent genetic drift were important in shaping the current allele frequencies. A linkage disequilibrium analysis of 1312T --> A mutation haplotypes is provided and discussed in the context of the known genealogical history of the population. Finally, data from microsatellite marker genotyping within the Old Order Mennonite population are provided that show a significant but modest decrease in genetic diversity and elevated levels of background linkage disequilibrium.
Effects of nutrition and temperature on metabolic enzyme activities in larval and juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris

The metabolic enzyme activities were determined in larvae of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris, to determine the effect of temperature and nutrition on metabolic enzyme activities and to evaluate if metabolic enzyme activities are useful in assessing the feeding condition of larval fish. During experiments conducted during the spring of 1990, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in both red drum and lane snapper were approximately an order of magnitude lower than values typical for adult fish; LDH and citrate synthase (CS) activities increased during early developmental stages, but nutritional effects were apparent. Clear differences (up to 4-fold) between well-fed and starving fish were evident in both LDH and CS activity in red drum. Differences between well-fed and poorly fed larvae were evident until 9 d after hatching. Lane snapper larvae reared at a 25°C had significantly lower LDH activities than larvae reared at 28°C.
Camouflaging Power and Privilege: A Critical Race Analysis of University Diversity Policies.

Background: Universities continue to undertake a range of initiatives to combat inequities and build diverse, inclusive campuses. Diversity action plans are a primary means by which U.S. postsecondary institutions articulate their professed commitment to an inclusive and equitable climate for all members of the university and advance strategies to meet the challenges of an increasingly diverse society.Purpose: To examine, using critical race theory, how discourses of diversity, circulating in educational policies, reflect and produce particular realities for people of color on university campuses.Data Collection and Analysis:Data were collected from 20 U.S. land-grant universities. Line-by-line analysis, employing inductive and deductive coding strategies, was conducted to identify images of diversity and the problems and solutions related to diversity as represented in 21 diversity action plans generated throughout a 5-year period (1999-2004).Findings: Analysis reveals four predominant discourses shaping...