cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

In this paper, the incidence and clinical aspects of acute hydrocephalus were examined in 200 patients with recently ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The following conclusions were reached: (1) acute hydrocephalus is an important complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage that occurs in approximately 20% of all cases and exhibits an incidence that tends to parallel clinical grade (Grade I, 3%; Grade II, 5%; “Good” Grade III, 21%; “Bad” Grade III, 40%; Grade IV, 42%, Grade V, 26%; (2) impaired consciousness leading to a general downgrading of clinical status was the predominant clinical finding (93%), but neither this nor other nonspecific signs of increased intracranial pressure were distinguishable from the effects of the precipitating hemorrhage; (3) the computed tomographic signs of acute hydrocephalus are distinctive and consist of selective ballooning of the frontal horns, rostral-caudal enlargement of the cerebral ventricles, and a halo of periventricular hypodensity (edema) that evolves in sequence with ventricular changes; and (4) the treatment of choice is external ventricular drainage, which results in prompt and often dramatic improvement in approximately two-thirds of the patients.
EVIDENCE THAT CELL SURFACE HY ANTIGEN IS NOT THE SOLE MEDIATOR OF NORMAL HUMAN SPERMATOGENESIS

A 32 year old virile male was evaluated for sterility consequent to hypospermia. Physically he was a normal male other than that his right testis was firm and small. Blood FSH and LH were markedly elevated, testosterone was low normal, cell surface HY antigen was positive, and chromosomal analysis was 46,XY/47,XYY. Sperm ducts aspirates demonstrated 3-4 poorly mobile abnormal sperm per microscopic field but there was no sperm in ejaculate. The patient's Y chromosome was smaller than his chromosome #21. Compared to his chromosome #18, his Y chromosome was significantly smaller than like comparisons in 6 normal males (p=0.0002). Likewise, the patient's short and non-fluorescent long Y chromosome arms were the same relative size as in normal males (p=0.54) suggesting that the patient may have lost some Yq fluroescent DNA. Analysis by DNA probes confirmed no deletions in either the patient's short or non-fluorescent Y long arms and similar analysis for the Yq fluorescent arm is in progress. The patient's father was not available for evaluation. Studies by others suggest that the presence of gene(s) on non-fluorescent Yq are necessary for normal spermatogenesis and that cell surface HY antigen may be their product. Our data support this hypothesis and also suggest that fluorescent Yq may also somehow be involved in normal human spermatogenesis.
Slow conformational dynamics and unfolding of the calmodulin C-terminal domain.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-sensing protein whose physiological function requires large-scale conformational changes. In the absence of Ca2+, the C-terminal domain of CaM exhibits conformational dynamics on a microseconds time scale. This dynamics has been interpreted as transitions between closed (apo) and open (hololike) conformers based on NMR experiments and, alternatively, as a two-state unfolding process based on temperature-jump fluorescence absorption spectroscopy. We develop a coarse-grained model to study the conformational dynamics of the CaM C-terminal domain. By construction, the coarse Hamiltonian reproduces the experimentally estimated conformer populations, melting temperature, and the microseconds time scale of the structural relaxation process. Simulations of this model suggest a three-state equilibrium among the closed apo form, an open hololike form, and a (partially) unfolded form. At lower temperatures, the well-folded apo conformation exchanges with hololike conformers; at elevate...
A general method for comparing the expected performance of tracking and motion capture systems

We introduce a general method for evaluating and comparing the expected performance of sensing systems for interactive computer graphics. Example applications include head tracking systems for virtual environments, motion capture systems for movies, and even multi-camera 3D vision systems for image-based visual hulls.Our approach is to estimate the asymptotic position and/or orientation uncertainty at many points throughout the desired working volume, and to visualize the results graphically. This global performance estimation can provide both a quantitative assessment of the expected performance, and intuition about the type and arrangement of sources and sensors, in the context of the desired working volume and expected scene dynamics.
Monoclonal antibody engineering in plants.

Techniques for plant transformation have been developed to such an extent that a number of foreign genes are currently being introduced into transgenic plants. Tobacco plants that produce monoclonal antibodies are of interest, because in addition to synthesis of two gene products (i.e. the heavy and light chains), the two polypeptides need to be assembled correctly, inorder to result in a functional antibody. The studies on a catalytic antibody suggest that this is the case, and that the antibody functions identically to the native murine-derived antibody. The only difference observed was in the glycosylation of the heavy chain. Further transgenic plants are being generated to produce monoclonal antibodies that may be used therapeutically (and are therefore required in large quantities), or to provide disease resistance in plants. In addition, the ability of plants to assemble antibody complexes is being investigated further, to study the possibility of generating secretory IgA, which consists of heavy and light chains as wall as two additional polypeptide units.
Cord compression caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis within the epidural space.

A 72-year-old man with history of polycythemia rubra vera complained of leg weakness progressing over the course of five months. He started using a wheelchair for longer distances and three months later, he had become completely wheelchair dependent. One month prior to this presentation he started noticing urinary frequency and difficulty initiating micturition. On neurologic examination, there was an asymmetric paraparesis (right 2/5 proximally, 4/5 distally; left 4 + /5 proximally, 5/5 distally). Babinski sign was positive bilaterally. There was no sensory level on his trunk. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural mass extending from the third to the twelfth thoracic vertebral body. The lesion appeared hyperintense on T2-weighted images [B, C] and enhanced homogeneously after gadolinium administration [A]. The spinal cord was compressed upon and displaced anteriorly and to the left (arrow). Of note was also the complete absence of osseous marrow signal within the vertebral column (T6 sixth thoracic vertebral body, A descending aorta). A laminectomy and incisional biopsy of the epidural mass was performed at the level of the sixth thoracic vertebral body. Histopathological examination revealed large islands of trilineage hematopoiesis. The erythroid islands appeared to have normal maturation. The myeloid to erythroid ratio was inverted at approximately 1:7. Findings were consistent with extramedullary hematopoiesis. There was no evidence for a lymphoid malignancy or leukemia. The patient was treated with fractionated external beam radiotherapy.
An Update on Fibre Optic Distributed Temperature Systems

The preceding example demonstrates the capability of fibre optic distributed temperature monitoring systems in elevated (extreme) operating environments. The data in this application helped the client assess/confirm the existence of fluid mobility behind casing which was not possible with conventional monitoring or logging technology.
The imbalance of stuttering behavior in bilingual speakers

Abstract This study compares stuttering in two different languages in the same speaker in sixteen bilingual stutterers from Anambra State, Nigeria. Both spontaneous speech and reading aloud were analyzed, and further information was obtained through a case history and questionnaire. It was found that almost all stutterers believed they stuttered more in one language than the other, and this way confirmed by the data. Linguistic and socio-cultural factors are discussed in relation to these findings.
The JWST science instrument payload: mission context and status

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 sq m aperture (6 m class) telescope that will achieve diffraction limited angular resolution at a wavelength of 2 micrometers. The science instrument payload includes four passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad- and narrow-band imagery, coronography, as well as multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy over the 0.6 is less than lambda is less than 5.0 micrometers spectrum. An actively cooled mid-infrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, coronography, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 is less than lambda is less than 29 micrometers spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble Space Telescope. Technology development and mission design are complete. The science instrument payload is in the final stage of testing ahead of delivery for integration with the telescope during early 2016. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018.
Theory of muonic molecule formation: Survey of progress and open questions

The Auger mechanism of muonic molecule formation is operative for all the isotopic reaction channels, and the agreement between theory and experiment is quite good for all the observable reactions. For ddμ and dtμ formation, however, the resonance mechanism of Vesman is dominant and produces some dramatic effects. For ddμ, the temperature dependences for the different hyperfine states provide a striking confirmation of the theory. For dtμ, the comparison with experimental is much more difficult, and furthermore the appearance of an evident three-body contribution to the formation cross section presents a formidable challenge to theory. A completely convincing and practical method of calculating this term has yet to be achieved, but a classical trajectory model which provides some insight into the underlying physics is presented.
Seasonal Variation of Airborne Particle Deposition Efficiency in the Human Respiratory System

Particulate matter (PM) is associated with human health effects but the apparent toxicity of PM in epidemiological studies varies with season. PM toxicity may change due to seasonal shifts in composition or particle size distributions that in turn affect respiratory deposition efficiencies. In the current study, size-resolved PM composition was measured in the largest city (Fresno) in California's heavily polluted San Joaquin Valley during the summer (30 days) and winter (20 days) between 2006 and 2009 for 21 metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and 7 water-soluble ions. The Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model was applied to determine if seasonal variation in size-resolved composition influences respiratory deposition patterns. Mg, Al, S, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Ba, SO4 2-, Na+, and Ca2+ had larger total deposition efficiencies (p < 0.004) during the summer versus the winter in all three regions of the respiratory tract. This trend results from increased relative concentrations of the target analytes per μ...
An averaged lagrangian-finite element technique for the solution of nonlinear vibration problems

Abstract In this paper, a technique for the dynamic analysis of geometrically nonlinear structures is developed. A Lagrangian function is employed to construct the structural Hamiltonian. The temporal variation of the response is then expressed in terms of the spatial variables through the use of the Hamiltonian function. To demonstrate the proposed technique, the nonlinear vibration of certain axisymmetric shells is analyzed. A variational formulation is presented and implemented by the finite element method. An incremental-iterative scheme is then developed to solve the governing set of discrete equations. Numerical computations are presented for a circular plate and various spherical caps.
Contractor Accreditation: A Probabilistic Model

The selection of competent contractors is a critical function in all business organizations. In contrast to other types of vendors (e.g., distributors, manufacturers, etc.), contractors are typically accredited before any business transaction takes place. In such situations, there is often a considerable amount of uncertainty associated with the accreditation process. This research presents a probabilistic model for accrediting contractors. We discuss a methodology in which probability measures are used to capture the uncertainty inherent in the decision process. These probabilities are estimated from data on (i) past applicants and (ii) their eventual performance, if accredited. Furthermore, these probabilities are used to determine when additional information about an applicant should be collected, as well as what kind of information would be most relevant for the vendor under consideration.
Old and new data, new issues: The mitochondrial ΔΨ

Abstract New and old data pertinent to the electrochemical potentials across the inner mitochondrial membrane are reviewed with the intent of reconciling the various findings in the light of new perspectives provided by more recent knowledge. A careful scrutiny of old data permits ruling out the presence of a significant metabolically dependent electrical membrane potential. Recent technological advances make it possible to test the proposed alternatives. These proposals recast the original idea, and the possible mechanisms that are emerging also invoke a protonmotive force. Our conclusions that Δ Ψ is not involved in oxidative-phosphorylation finds parallel observations in Halobacterium halobium [H. Michel, D. Oesterhelt, Electrochemical proton gradient across the cell membrane of Halobacterium halobium : comparison of the light-induced increase with the increase of intracellular adenosine triphosphate under steady-state illumination, Biochemistry 19 (1980) 4615–4619] and thylakoid vesicles [D.R. Ort, R.A. Dilley, N.E. Good, Photophosphorylation as a function of illumination time II. Effects of permeant buffers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 449 (1976) 108–129] in which light-induced ATP synthesis occurs in the absence of an apparent Δ Ψ or ΔpH, suggesting the presence of mechanisms similar to the one proposed for mitochondria.
Optimally routing LC permutations on k-extra-stage cube-type networks

It is difficult to partition an arbitrary permutation into a minimum number of groups such that conflict-free paths for all source-destination pairs in each group can be established on an omega network. Based on linear algebra theory, this paper presents an optimal algorithm which solves this problem for the LC class of permutations on a large class of multi-stage networks. This algorithm extends the previous result which deals with the BPC class of permutations on the omega network.
An analysis of modern pollen representation and climatic conditions on the Galápagos Islands.

In the first modern pollen trapping study conducted in the Galapagos Islands, 58 clusters of pollen traps were established on four islands: Genovesa, Rocas Bainbridge, Santa Cruz, and San Cristobal. HOBO data loggers collected temperature, humidity, and dew point every 30 min for 1 year at eight locations. The trapping locations were selected to provide a wide diversity of Galapagos habitat types and to support active or future analyses from bog and lake core records recovered from the islands. Pollen influx to the traps was generally low (<100 grains/cm 2 per yr), but broad habitat types were clearly identifiable based on the pollen collected. More precise identification of trapping sites and vegetation zones within the islands were identified using ordinations of the pollen and climate data. Long-distance dispersal from the mainland and neighboring islands were found to be significant elements of pollen records, particularly those where local pollen production was low (<150 grains/cm 2 per yr). Over-rep...
Connective tissue reactions to acid glutaraldehyde

Abstract Acid glutaraldehyde, 2 per cent and 1 per cent, along with sodium hypochlorite, 5.5 per cent, was tested on the connective tissue of rabbits and rats. Two per cent acid glutaraldehyde was very destructive, whereas the NaClO and 1 per cent acid glutaraldehyde were moderately irritating.
Metabolism of puromycin by yeast cells.

Abstract Yeast cells, supplied with high concentrations of puromycin, formed acyl aminoacyl puromycins and aminoacyl puromycins. These compounds were identified by their behaviour in chromatography and electrophoresis, by the incorporation of radioactive amino acids, acetate, and formate, and by reaction with 1-dimethylamino naphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride. Methionyl puromycin, contrary to expectation, was not a major product. Although formation of puromycin derivatives closely resembled inhibition of protein synthesis as to its dependence on puromycin concentration, chloramphenicol, cycloheximide, and anisomycin did not affect the formation of these compounds.
Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography Using Mixture Model Priors and Deterministic Annealing Algorithms

We previously introduced a new Bayesian reconstruction method for transmission tomographic reconstruction that is useful in attenuation correction in SPECT and PET. To make it practical, we apply a deterministic annealing algorithm to the method in order to avoid the dependence of the MAP estimate on the initial conditions. The Bayesian reconstruction method used a novel pointwise prior in the form of a mixture of gamma distributions. The prior models the object as comprising voxels whose values (attenuation coefficients) cluster into a few classes (e.g. soft tissue, lung, bone). This model is particularly applicable to transmission tomography since the attenuation map is usually well-clustered and the approximate values of attenuation coefficients in each region are known. The algorithm is implemented as two alternating procedures, a regularized likelihood reconstruction and a mixture parameter estimation. The Bayesian reconstruction algorithm can be effective, but has the problem of sensitivity to initial conditions since the overall objective is non-convex. To make it more practical, it is important to avoid such dependence on initial conditions. Here, we implement a deterministic annealing (DA) procedure on the alternating algorithm. We present the Bayesian reconstructions with/out DA and show the independence of initial conditions with DA.
Introduction to the Special Issue: SpORts in the OR Classroom

Applied quantitative methods (Statistics and Operations Research) can intimidate students at all levels many students are apprehensive about the required mathematics and have difficulty understanding the relevance of quantitative methods to their lives or careers. This problem is compounded when applied quantitative methods are taught within the context of some area of application that is unfamiliar to these students.
Carbon budget for the mid-slope depocenter of the Middle Atlantic Bight

A mass budget was constructed for organic carbon on the upper slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight, a region thought to serve as a depocenter for fine-grained material exported from the adjacent shelf. Various components of the budget are internally consistent, and observed differences can be attributed to natural spatial variability or to the different time scales over which measurements were made. The flux of organic carbon to the sediments in the core of the depocenter zone, at a water depth of ∼1000 m, was measured with sediment traps to be ∼65 mg C m−2 day−1, of which 6–24 mg C m−2 day−1 is buried. Oxygen fluxes into the sediments, measured with incubation chambers attached to a free vehicle lander, correspond to total carbon remineralization rates of 49–70 mg C m−2 day−1. Carbon remineralization rates estimated from gradients of Corg within the mixed layer, and from gradients of dissolved ammonia and phosphate in pore waters, sum to only ∼4–6 mg C m−2 day−1. Most of the Corg remineralization in slope sediments is mediated by bacteria and takes place within a few mm of the sediment-water interface. Most of the Corg deposited on the upper slope sediments is supplied by lateral transport from other regions, but even if all of this material were derived from the adjacent shelf, it represents <2% of the mean annual shelf productivity. This value is further lowered by recognizing that as much as half of the Corg deposited on the slope is refractory, having originated by reworking from older deposits. Refractory Corg arrives at the sea bed with an average 14C age 600–900 years older than the pre-bomb 14C age of DIC in seawater, and has a mean life in the sediments with respect to biological remineralization of at least 1000 years. Labile carbon supplied to the slope, on the other hand, is rapidly and (virtually) completely remineralized, with a mean life of < ∼ 1 year. Carbon-14 ages of fine-grained carbonate and organic carbon present within the interstices of shelf sands are consistent with this material acting as a source for the old carbon supplied to the slope. Winnowing and export of reworked carbon may contribute to the often-described relationship between organic carbon preservation and accumulation rate of marine sediments.
Futures research report card—quantity: A; quality: C; and impact: F

Abstract Futures research has at best only a slight influence on public and private sector decision-making. Bridging the wide gap between analysis and action means reexamining how we are looking and what we are looking at. The ability to deal with multiple, even conflicting, perspectives simultaneously and to focus on vital substantive problem areas should help. The traditional ‘rational actor’ approach must be augmented and balanced with organizational/societal and personal/individual perspectives. Priority attention should be placed on prevention of a nuclear holocaust, exploration of new social system alternatives, and probing of the next technological innovation cluster.
The activity of late inspiratory cells during the behavioral inhibition of inspiration.

Abstract Cats can be trained to stop inspiration behaviorally — a response mediated by inactivation of brainstem inspiratory neurons. Neurons that discharge late in the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle may terminate that phase; therefore, such cells may be activated behaviorally to inhibit inspiration. To test this hypothesis, we studied the activity of late-onset inspiratory neurons located in the dorsal and ventral medullary respiratory groups in cats trained to stop inspiration behaviorally. Twenty-eight of 112 respiratory neurons were classified as late-onset inspiratory neurons. They had an average ν2 value of 0.58 (±0.13,S.D.) and an average maximal discharge rate of 42 Hz (±18,S.D.). For most cells, the period of activity varied under different conditions: some extended their activity into early inspiration; others, into early expiration. Eighteen of these late-onset inspiratory neurons were completely silent when the animals stopped inspiration behaviorally, and 10 discharged only a few action potentials. The latter response was weak and inconsistent, and we conclude that late inspiratory cells do not inhibit other brainstem inspiratory cells when animals stop inspiration behaviorally.
Feasibility study of a mechanical suturing device for less invasive mitral operations

Abstract Background . Because of smaller incisions and limited exposure, less invasive operations on the mitral valve can be arduous and time-consuming. This study examined the feasibility of a mechanical suturing device to facilitate less invasive mitral replacement. Methods . Five mongrel dogs underwent limited left thoracotomy. After conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia, the mitral valve was exposed through a left atriotomy. After excision of the anterior leaflet, subannular sutures were placed using a mechanical suturing device. This device simultaneously passes two ends of a pledgeted 2-0 braided suture through the valvular annulus, then mechanically grasps both needles on the atrial aspect. Hence, a mattress suture is accomplished one-handed in a single continuous motion. This procedure was repeated around the entire annulus. A mechanical valve was seated and the sutures were tied and cut. Results . All mechanical valves were implanted successfully. In the 4 animals in which it was attempted, cardiopulmonary bypass was successfully weaned. No evidence of perivalvular leak was observed by echocardiography. Conclusions . These data establish the feasibility of a mechanical suturing device for operations on the mitral valve. The device is easily mastered, maintains precise spacing between sutures, and permits rapid placement of mattress sutures. We predict widespread application for both less invasive and conventional valve operations.
The Association of Focal Adhesion Kinase with a 200‐kDa Protein that is Tyrosine Phosphorylated in Response to Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase implicated in the signal transduction pathways initiated by integrins. However, we have previously found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) could stimulate the association of FAK with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in NIH 3T3 cells [Chen, H.-C. & Guan, J.-L. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31229–31233], suggesting that FAK might participate in some of the cellular effects of the growth factors in modulating cell morphology and migration. In this report, we describe the association of FAK with a 200-kDa protein (pp200) that is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to PDGF stimulation in NIH 3T3 cells. Although the identity of pp200 is unknown at present, we have excluded the possibilities that it is the PDGF receptor β, tensin, talin, myosin or the guanosine-triophosphatase activating protein-associated p190 protein. Furthermore, we found that the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK-associated pp200 upon PDGF stimulation is largely independent of cell adhesion or the integrity of the cytoskeleton. Therefore, pp200 and its interactions with FAK may also be involved in growth-factor-induced cellular effects such as the modulation of cell adhesion or cell migration via cytoskeleton reorganization or disruption of focal adhesions.
1713 INCREASED MONOCYTE CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS AND OBLIGATE CARRIERS

1713 INCREASED MONOCYTE CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS AND OBLIGATE CARRIERS
Proposals for the Future Raising, Organisation, and Training of the Artillery Militia

(1906). Proposals for the Future Raising, Organisation, and Training of the Artillery Militia. Royal United Services Institution. Journal: Vol. 50, No. 343, pp. 1095-1127.
Ethical considerations in the management of analgesia in terminally ill pediatric patients.

Research has demonstrated the significant symptom burden present at the end of life of terminally ill children. Medicine has always viewed the relief of pain and suffering as a fundamental human right and a moral and ethical obligation. At the end of life, pain and dyspnea are symptoms commonly experienced by both adults and children. Opioids are the mainstay in treating the suffering associated with pain and dyspnea; however, there exist several barriers to the use of opioids. We describe a case in which parents prevent a young patient from receiving adequate pain management during the course of a terminal illness. We discuss the importance of recognizing the barriers to opioid use and the ethical ramifications of failing to find common ground with the family. We highlight parental responsibilities and limitations of parental authority in decision making for their child.
Rearrangement as a probe for radical formation: bromomethylcyclopropane on oxygen-covered Mo(110)

Abstract The reactions of bromomethylcyclopropane on oxygen-covered Mo(1 1 0) were studied in order to investigate the lifetimes of radical intermediates, which are important in heterogeneous oxidation catalysis. The methylcyclopropyl radical is known to rearrange on the nanosecond time scale, providing us with a means of probing for radical formation. Surprisingly, no rearrangement occurs subsequent to C–Br bond dissociation, which commences at ∼220 K. Instead, displacement of bromine by oxygen occurs to yield adsorbed methylcyclopropoxide, which is identified using infrared spectroscopy. The C–O bond of methylcyclopropoxide is cleaved at ∼400 K to yield a transient methylcyclopropyl radical. As shown previously, the methylcyclopropyl radical rearranges and the ring-opened butenyl species is trapped on the surface. Addition to oxygen yields 3-buten-1-oxy and addition to the metal affords the butenyl–Mo moiety. Infrared spectroscopy is used to identify these intermediates. The same linear species are formed from the reaction of 4-bromo-1-butene. The 3-buten-1-oxy species is also formed from reactions of 3-buten-1-ol on O-covered Mo(1 1 0). Upon further heating, the 3-buten-1-oxy reacts to form 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, water, and dihydrogen between 450 and 600 K. Ethene is also evolved at ∼560 K. The primary mechanism for ethene evolution is elimination from metal-bound butenyl. Carbon monoxide is also formed above 900 K, due to reaction of surface carbon and oxygen. The implications of our results for studies where alkyl halides are used as models for radical reactions on surfaces are discussed.
An Ultrastructural Study of Ingestion and Digestion in Tetrahymena pyriformis

SYNOPSIS. When the structures involved in digestive events in T. pyriformis are examined at the electron microscope level, some information is added to that long known from light microscopy. The food trapping mechanism consists of the three membranelles, undulating membrane, oral ribs, and a “valve” apparently closing the opening to the cytopharynx. Both of the latter structures are supported by microtubules. Fibers extend internally from the cytopharynx and are closely associated with the food vacuole as it forms. Clear vacuoles resembling pinocytic vacuoles appear to arise from differentiated areas of the pellicle and plasma membrane. These vacuoles may fuse with primary lysosomes. Hydrolases are thus contributed to the pinocytic vacuoles which may then fuse with food vacuoles. When first formed food vacuoles contain no hydrolases but may acquire them directly, from primary lysosomes or from pinocytic vacuoles. Digestion proceeds to completion in the food vacuole, at which time soluble food products are released to the cytoplasm. Undigested materials are lost through the cytopyge. In stationary growth phase cells autophagic vacuoles form containing mitochondria and other cellular particulates. Such vacuoles probably contain hydrolases when formed and they may receive others by fusion with primary lysosomes.
Rates of Testing for HIV in the Presence of Serodiscordant UAI Among HIV-Negative Gay Men in Committed Relationships

We examined testing rates for HIV-negative men (N = 752) from a sample of gay male couples. Approximately half (52 %) tested in the past year. Among men who had engaged in sexual risk behavior in the past 3 months, 27 % tested within that period and 65 % within the past year. For men in concordant relationships these rates were 25 and 60 %, for men in serodiscordant relationships they were 34 and 72 %. MSM in primary relationships are testing at lower rates than the general MSM population, even after potential exposure to HIV. Testing and prevention messages for MSM should factor in relationship status.
Sonic branding in sport: A model for communicating brand identity through musical fit

The psychological and sociological dynamics of sport participation and sport spectatorship are presaged by and captured in the production and consumption of music. Yet, despite its ubiquity in organized sport, as well as its widely acknowledged significance in our contemporary social realities, few studies in sport marketing have examined the formative role of music in affecting sport consumer behaviour. As such, the field seemingly lacks theoretical and methodological direction in dealing with music as a means of effective marketing communication. Research is needed to inform academics and practitioners about the appropriate use and potential outcomes of music in sport marketing contexts. In this paper, the authors review current literature concerning the role of music in marketing and propose a conceptual framework for analyzing music in various sport marketing contexts using classical and modern theoretical approaches.
Remarks on the structure constants of the Verlinde algebra associated to sl3

We present a new formula for the structure constants of the Verlinde algebra associated to sl3. We show that after an affine change of variables the structure constants, considered as a function of highest weights, become the weight function of a suitable sl3 highest weight representation.
Three dimensional polarization control in 4Pi microscopy

An approach to obtain a diffraction-limited spherical focal spot with controllable three dimensional state of polarization in 4Pi microscopy is proposed. By combining the angular radiation pattern of a dipole antenna and vectorial diffraction method, input field at the pupil plane for creating a spherical focal spot with arbitrary three dimensionally oriented linear polarization is found analytically by solving the inverse problem. A diffraction-limited spherical spot with arbitrary three dimensional elliptical polarization can be realized by introducing a second dipole antenna oriented in the orthogonal plane with appropriate amplitude and phase differences.
Improving Consistency of Crowdsourced Multimedia Similarity for Evaluation

Building evaluation datasets for information retrieval is a time-consuming and exhausting activity. To evaluate research over novel corpora, researchers are increasingly turning to crowdsourcing to efficiently distribute the evaluation dataset creation among many workers. However, there has been little investigation into the effect of instrument design on data quality in crowdsourced evaluation datasets. We pursue this question through a case study, music similarity judgments in a music digital library evaluation, where we find that even with trusted graders song pairs are not consistently rated the same. We find that much of this low intra-coder consistency can be attributed to the task design and judge effects, concluding with recommendations for achieving reliable evaluation judgments for music similarity and other normative judgment tasks.
Thermodynamic properties and nozzle flow of hydrogen to 1000 atm and100,000 K

Thermodynamic properties and nozzle flow calculations for high temperature and pressure hydrogen, presenting results in Mollier diagram
Some Considerations in the Study of Traumatic Stress1

This paper examines the concept of traumatic stress within the broad domain of current stress and health research. The unique nature of “trauma” is rejected because a) clear defining criteria for a unique stimulus condition do not exist, and b) studies of special outcomes, such as PTSD, can be done without postulating a unique stimulus condition. Instead, an integration of the different areas of stress research is advocated. The paper offers methodological recommendations about measurement, which are offered within a framework that emphasizes assessments of objective dimensions of stressful exposures.
Examining the Underlying Values of Food Security Programming: Implications for the Social Work Profession

Incongruities between social work’s professional values and dominant public and private responses to food insecurity are discussed. Empowerment theory is positioned as an evaluative lens to examine food assistance. Summaries of dominant forms of food assistance are provided and scrutinized using basic tenets of empowerment theory. Contrasting examples of innovative programs are also discussed in terms of their potential for empowering outcomes. Highlighted programs, including community gardens, community kitchens, and the food rescue and redistribution program D.C. Central Kitchen, demonstrate the evaluative potential of empowerment theory. Implications for social work research and practice are explored.
THE DELINQUENT AND THE INSANE: RIGHT AND ADEQUACY OF TREATMENT

Book reviewed in this article: Recent court decisions have opened the question of whether the rights of offenders are being transgressed when they are involuntarily committed to mental institutions. The question is part of the fundamental moral issue of how to balance society's right to protection against the individual's right to freedom. The mental health professions are directly involved in the issue through the question of “adequacy of treatment.”
Chemical evidence for the genesis of the ureilites, the achondrite Chassigny and the nakhlites

An investigation has been conducted of the ureilites and the achondrite Chassigny to elucidate differences in their petrogenesis. The experimental studies reported include the determination of elemental abundances by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Attention is given to lithophile elements in ureilites, lithophile elements in Chassigny, the relationship between Chassigny and the nakhlites, and siderophile trace elements in the ureilites.
Partition column chromatography of steroid triethylammonium sulfates.

Abstract A number of partition chromatography systems, suitable for the separation of steroid sulfate triethylammonium salts on Celite, have been developed. A procedure is described for converting various cationic salts of steroids into the corresponding triethylammonium derivatives. The presence of either triethylammonium sulfate or triethylammonium chloride in the stationary phase, has been found necessary to inhibit ion exchange during chromatography. The systems have a high capacity for steroid sulfates and sharp peaks are obtained for compounds with large elution volumes.
Orality, literacy, and Somali oral poetry

Abstract Events in the Somali regions on the Horn of Africa beginning with the establishment of the U.N. Trusteeship Territory of Somalia under Italian Administration in 1950 and culminating with the introduction of a written orthography for Somali in 1972 and the subsequent influences and aftermaths of this event on language and literacy in Somalia make a study of this region ideal for generalizing to some degree on the subject of orality and literacy. In this paper, I wish to give a brief overview of literacy in Somalia and address the relationship between literacy and orature (oral literature). I will also comment on two theoretical issues concerning orality and literacy in Africa, namely whether literacy adds complexity to human thinking and whether or not it truly influences human mentality. Only a brief overview of the history of literacy in Somalia is required, as detailed descriptions have already been published outlining the vernacular literacy movement that culminated in the development and lega...
Estimation of merchantable bole volume and biomass above sawlog top in the National Forest inventory of the United States

Emerging markets for small-diameter roundwood along with a renewed interest in forest biomass for energy have created a need for estimates of merchantable biomass above the minimum sawlog top diameter for timber species in the national forest inventory of the United States. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service recently adopted the component ratio method for estimation of aboveground live tree component biomass, which incorporates regionally specific volume models by species and species group. The merchantable bole component is the biomass of sound wood from a 1.0-ft stump height to a minimum 4.0-in. top diameter. Minimum sawlog top diameters for softwoods and hardwoods in the FIA program are substantially larger than the merchantable bole top diameter, leaving additional bole biomass potentially available for utilization. This article describes a method for estimating merchantable bole biomass for the sawlog component and the component above the minimum sawlog top diameter for timber species in the FIA program.
Shamans and Other “Magico‐Religious” Healers: A Cross‐Cultural Study of Their Origins, Nature, and Social Transformations

This paper examines shamans and other "magico-religious" healing practitioners through a cross-cultural study that empirically determines types of magico-religious healers and their characteristics. It is argued that shamanism is found throughout the world because it derives from an ecological adaptation of hunting and gathering societies to biologically based altered-state-of-consciousness potentials. Agriculture and political integration are shown to cause the transformation of the shaman into other types of magico-religious healing practitioners, labeled in this study as shaman/healers, healers, and possession-trance mediums.
Biofilm Formation: A Clinically Relevant Microbiological Process

Microorganisms universally attach to surfaces and produce extracellular polysaccharides, resulting in the formation of a biofilm. Biofilms pose a serious problem for public health because of the increased resistance of biofilm-associated organisms to antimicrobial agents and the potential for these organisms to cause infections in patients with indwelling medical devices. An appreciation of the role of biofilms in infection should enhance the clinical decision-making process.
A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in reducing postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms

Patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy experience a significant amount of postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of omentopexy during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in reducing postoperative food intolerance and GI symptoms. Morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG were randomly assigned to have LSG with or without omentopexy from May 2012 to June 2013. A total of 60 patients were recruited with 30 patients in each group. Patients and the symptom scorer were blinded as to the assigned surgery. All procedures were performed by one of two surgeons utilizing the same surgical technique. Patients were administered standardized surveys, including the Rhodes Index survey, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) impact survey, and Eating Assessment Tool (EAT) survey at various time points postoperatively to assess nausea, vomiting, retching, frequency of GI symptoms, and level of distress. There was no significant difference in patient age, percent decrease in BMI at any time point, or length of hospitalization between the two groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in Rhodes Index scores, GERD impact scores, or EAT scores at any time point (P > 0.05). Patients in the LSG with omentopexy group required significantly more ondansetron perioperatively (16.1 ± 12.9 mg vs. 10.3 ± 10.2 mg, respectively; P = 0.04); however, there was no difference in metoclopramide requirement (P = 0.22). Surgical morbidity was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Finally, there was no significant difference in number of postoperative clinic visits, office telephone encounters, total postoperative readmissions, or postoperative readmissions associated with GI symptoms (P > 0.05). Omentopexy did not significantly decrease postoperative food intolerance or GI symptoms in morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG. Other methods of mitigating postoperative intolerance to oral intake and GI symptoms should be investigated.
Standard reference materials for dietary supplement analysis

IntroductionThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), theNational Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements(NIH-ODS), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) areworkingincollaborationtoproducedietarysupplementStandardReference Materials (SRMs). Efforts began following the crea-tion of the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements by the DietarySupplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 [ 1]and the establishment of the NIH-ODS Analytical Methods andReference Materials Program (AMRM) in 2002 [ 2]. AMRM isresponsible for ensuring that quality calibration materials andmatrix-based certified reference materials (CRMs) are availableto dietary supplement laboratories along with rugged, precise,and accurate analytical methods [ 3–7]. More recently, as of June2010, the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) pub-lished by the FDA are required for all dietary supplementsproduced in the United States [8] The cGMPs require thatproducts be evaluated for identity, purity, and strength as wellas for contaminants (toxic elements, bacteria, persistentorganic pollutants, and other toxins) and adulterants (eitherunintentional or economically motivated), placing increasedemphasis on the importance of the development of dietarysupplementSRMs.NISTstaffareoftenaskedaboutthestatusof new and existing SRMs; this manuscript is designed toprovide an update on the dietary supplement Standard Refer-ence Materials Program. The Certificates of Analysis foravailable SRMs can be found at nist.gov/SRMs [9] and canbe searched for by keyword or SRM number. The brief de-scriptions of different dietary supplements are all taken fromthe NIH-ODS factsheets [10].Material selectionThere are a number of considerations that factor into theprioritization of materials for the development of dietary sup-plement SRMs. Dietary supplement materials (matrices andtarget analytes) are ranked by an AOAC committee based onthe availability of and need for analytical methods and refer-ence standards. The order of the production of the SRMs isbasedontheneedsoftheNIHandtheFDA,informationfromtheAOACingredientrankingsubgroup(IRS)prioritylist,themarket share, and potential safety considerations associatedwith individual dietary supplements.Botanical dietary supplement SRMs have been developedatNISTassuitesofmaterialsinordertorepresenttherangeofchallenges that may be encountered during analysis.Depending on the product, the suite may consist of a rawbotanical material, an extract, and a finished product (e.g.,ground or whole tablets). Significantly different formulationswith different analytical intricacies may also be added to thesuite. For example, the suite of ephedra-containing materialsconsisted of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra sinica Stapf Na-tive Extract, Ephedra sinica Stapf Commercial Extract,Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder. The plant material presented thegreatest extraction challenges. The extracts and tablets repre-sented the commercially available products with a range of
Morphology and transport using the Ising lattice as a morphology description

Abstract One of the simplest and most commonly studied models of transport in disordered media is the random percolation model. Although this model has been of great value in developing our fundamental understanding of the problem, the morphologies generated seldom mimic the features of real disordered composites. For example, the morphologies predicted from the random percolation model are strictly topologically equivalent over the composition range, a feature that rarely occurs in real systems. In this study we expand the range of lattice based morphologies to include ramified/compact cluster shapes with a variable percolation threshold by incorporating nearest neighbor interactions on a square lattice, i.e. the Ising model. We investigate cluster shape, size and number, and percolation characteristics—morphological features that in part determine the effective transport properties—over the Ising state space. A comparison is made between the transport properties arising from random percolation and this model using two conductivity ratios. We show that overall behavior of simple transport processes is sensitive to structural correlations.