cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon Cycling in a Shallow Turbid Estuary of Southeast Texas: The Use of Plant Pigment Biomarkers and Water Quality Parameters

Particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and plant pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) were measured approximately bimonthly from March 1992 to October 1993 in the Sabine-Neches estuary (Sabine Lake region), located on the Texas-Louisiana border. High freshwater inflow into this shallow turbid estuary results in the shortest hydraulic residence time (ca. 7 d) of all Texas estuaries (Baskaran et al. in press). Annual averages of chlorophyll-a (3.0 μg l−1) and particulate organic carbon (1.1 mg l−1) in the water column were extremely low in comparison to other shallow estuaries. The highest chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed in October 1993, in the mid and lower regions of the estuary, during the lowest river discharge. Zeaxanthin and fucoxanthin concentrations suggested that much of the chlorophyll-a during this low flow period was represented by cyanobacteria and diatoms that entered from the Gulf of Mexico. The range of DOC concentrations was generally high (4.4–20.9 mg l−1) and were significantly correlated with POC, but not with chlorophyll-a concentrations. When total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations were below 20 to 30 mg l−1, there were significant increases in %POC and %PON of the TSP. The unusually high POC: chlorophyll-a ratios (highest value of 1423) suggested that much of the POC contained low concentrations of chlorophyll-a that had degraded during transport from wetlands in the Sabine and Neches rivers. Based on these data, this estuary can be characterized as a predominantly heterotrophic system, with low light penetrance, short particle-residence times, high DOC, and low inputs from autochthonous carbon sources.
Kinetics of adenovirus dna replication II. Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication

Abstract We have developed three methods to estimate the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication: (a) direct measurement during density-shift experiments, (b) calculation using the saturation kinetics of viral DNA accumulation, and (c) calculation using the steady-state kinetics of viral DNA replication. The values for the rate of initiation measured by each method agree quantitatively and confirm the postulate that initiation is the rate-limiting step in adenovirus replication. Newly replicated viral DNA molecules are preferentially initiated. This preference is slight early in infection, but increases markedly over the course of infection. We interpret these results to mean that adenovirus is partitioned into several pools, and at least one pool contains molecules destined for replication. The average rate of initiation in this pool is 0.0042 ± 0.0007 initiation/min/end and is constant throughout infection. The maximum size of the replication pool is 50,000 ± 7000 molecules/cell. Steady-state calculations indicate that displacement synthesis is faster than complementary synthesis. The differential between these rates of synthesis leads to premature displacement of nascent strands in type I/II replicating molecules, a process we call premature displacement synthesis. We propose that this process provides the raw material for generating defective adenovirus DNA molecules.
Resolved "fine structure" in the magnetic resonance of a localized moment in a metal

The first observation of the resolved fine-structure splitting of a localized moment in a metal is reported in the EPR spectrum of single-crystal dilute Au:Gd alloys. A theory of line narrowing of fine-structure lines from spin-spin couplings and localized-conduction electron exchange is developed. The narrowing distorts the observed resonance line shape, and is essential to the extraction of the fine-structure splitting parameter: ${b}_{4}=\ensuremath{-}20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ G.
GSTM1-null polymorphism as possible risk marker for hypertension: Results from the aging and longevity study in the Sirente Geographic Area (ilSIRENTE study)

Abstract Background Involvement of various gene mutations in hypertension have been already reported, including GST (detoxification Phase II enzymes), with contrasting results. This study analyzes a possible association between GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null polymorphisms and the hypertension status in a very old population (> 80 years). Methods 354 old patients were collected (255 were hypertensive and 99 were not). Results GSTM1-null individuals (n = 156) were significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension [OR = 2.25 (1.36–3.72); p = 0.005]. This association was confirmed both in 115 male and 239 female subjects. In contrast, no significant association was observed [p = 0.52, OR = 1.24 (0.67–2.29)] in the 57 hypertensive GSTT1-null genotypes vs 198 wild-type individuals. The above mentioned significances were obtained by multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounder variables. Alcohol consumption and/or smoke habits were not significantly different between the two groups, as well as gender, marital status, education, number of concomitant diseases, and presence of cardiovascular diseases. No synergistic association was observed for the combined null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1. Conclusions The knowledge of GSTM1 variant status seems to be potentially useful to predict a possible hypertensive status after 80 years of age. This study underlines a possible importance of the GSTM1 enzyme for blood pressure regulation.
Chemical compatibility between Sr-doped lanthanum manganite air electrode and AISI 441 interconnect

Chromium poisoning of the air electrode of solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells is a critical issue when stainless steel with high Cr content is used as an interconnect material. The mechanism of the diffusion and deposition of the Cr species is not totally clear yet. In this work, an yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (YSZ)/strontium-doped lanthanum manganite electrode (LSM)/AISI 441 alloy interconnect tri-layer structure has been fabricated by screen printing in order to simulate the working environment of a real cell. The samples are thermally treated in moist air atmosphere at 800 °C for up to 500 h. The porous LSM layer thickness has been controlled to investigate the Cr distribution in the porous layer and the diffusion behavior of the Cr species. The microstructure and elemental analysis show that Cr species diffuses into the porous LSM layer and deposits on the LSM surface. The deposition occurs simultaneously with the LSM grain growth.
Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour in a demographically diverse population.

This study used structural equation modelling to examine the effects of socio-demographic variables and outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among an ethnically diverse population of adult state-park visitors near Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N = 319). Data collected through intercept surveys at three state parks were used to examine interactions among potential predictors of PEB, including socio-demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, and income), outdoor recreation participation (during childhood and adulthood), and environmental value orientations (biocentric and anthropocentric). The best fitting model accounted for 40% of the variance in self-reported PEB and indicated the strongest positive relationship between adult outdoor recreation participation and PEB (β = 0.54, t = 5.70). Biocentric and anthropocentric value orientation scores were also significant antecedents of PEB (β = 0.17, t = 1.99, and β = 0.19, t = 2.56, respectively), and both were influenced by socio-de...
CANTED FERROMAGNETISM AND OTHER MAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN SQUARE-PLANAR, NEUTRAL MANGANESE(II) AND IRON(II) OCTAETHYLTETRAAZAPORPHYRINS

Iron(II) octaethyltetraazaporphyrin has been discovered to exist as two polymorphs at room temperature, α- and β-Fe(OETAP). This has been established by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Both ac and dc SQUID magnetometry show that the α phase is a soft molecular ferromagnet with TCurie = 2.8 K. The β phase possesses the same number of unpaired spins and a similar g value, but it does not order above ∼1 K. Zero-field splitting is likely competing with ferromagnetic coupling in this compound. 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used to support the local structural similarity between the two phases and to study the ferromagnetic transition. The isomorphous manganese analogue of α-Fe(OETAP), α-Mn(OETAP), expected to be a ferromagnet with a higher TCurie, exhibits many characteristics of ferromagnetism, notably hysteresis at 1.8 K with Hcoer = 2.5 kG and Mrem = 4 kemu-G/mol. However, in contrast to ferromagnetic α-Fe(OETAP), α-Mn(OETAP) shows strongly frequency-dependent ac susceptibi...
Influence of sulfate reducing bacterial biofilm on corrosion behavior of low-alloy, high-strength steel (API-5L X80)

Abstract The utilization of high strength carbon steels in oil and gas transportation systems has recently increased. This work investigates microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of API 5L X80 linepipe steel by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The biofilm and pit morphology that developed with time were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization resistance ( R p ) and open circuit potential (OCP) were used to analyze the corrosion behavior. Through circuit modeling, EIS results were used to interpret the physicoelectric interactions between the electrode, biofilm and solution interfaces. The results confirmed that the extensive localized corrosion activity of SRB is due to a formed biofilm and a porous iron sulfide layer on the metal surface. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of different sulfide and oxide constituents in the corrosion products for the system exposed to SRB.
Restricted diffusion in biophysical systems: theory.

Abstract Theoretical results are presented on measurements of restricted diffusion in biophysical systems by the pulsed gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSENMR) technique. A Fokker-Planck equation is developed to describe restricted diffusion, and it is shown that only two basic types of penetrable diffusion barriers exist, those in which the diffusing particles are partially excluded from the barrier region because of an increased free energy, and those in which the diffusing particles are not excluded but experience increased viscosity in the region. The Fokker-Planck equation is used to obtain expressions for the spin echo amplitude in PGSENMR experiments, and it is shown that for restricted diffusion the average diffusion coefficient measured in these experiments over short intervals is larger than that measured over long intervals. The possibility of distinguishing between the two types of barriers is considered. The experimental parameters required for intracellular restricted diffusion measurements are discussed, and it is shown that the interpretation of PGSENMR results in animal tissues should include the possibility of penetrable barriers rather than just the impenetrable barriers of previous PGSENMR calculations.
The Effect of Litigation on Independent Auditor Selection

We examine the role of past litigation in the selection of independent auditors. Using a sample of persons typically involved in auditor selection, we find that any litigation announcement alleging audit improprieties greatly reduces the auditor’s likelihood of hire regardless of the type of legal action announced or the degree of direct involvement by the auditor. Based on these findings, litigation imposes an indirect (and potentially substantial) cost by impeding the CPA’s ability to attract new clients.
Quantitative Measurements of Individual Gold Nanoparticle Scattering Cross Sections

Dark field microspectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying plasmon resonances of noble metal nanoparticles and for developing their applications in sensing and imaging. Here we calibrate a dark field microspectrometer with measurements on gold nanospheres in a uniform dielectric medium to yield quantitative spectral scattering cross sections for elongated nanoparticle shapes. Gold bipyramids, 135 nm in length, were found to have a peak differential cross section of 1.2 × 10−16 m2. Measurements of a small ensemble of gold nanorods, 13 nm in diameter and 45 nm in length on average, were found to have a peak differential cross section of only 1 × 10−18 m2. For the smaller gold nanorods, approximate expressions for the total scattering cross section may be used to indicate their scattering signal in microscopy applications.
Emerging technologies in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and celiac disease

Despite advances in our knowledge of celiac disease, the most current and authoritative recommendations conclude that diagnosis requires at least four biopsy specimens to be taken from the duodenal area. These recommendations are based on the perception that classic endoscopic markers are not adequate to target biopsy sampling to sites of villous damage in the duodenum. In the past few years, newly developed procedures and technologies have improved endoscopic recognition of the duodenum. These advances make possible the real-time recognition of the duodenal villous pattern during an upper endoscopy procedure, and thereby have the potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that upper endoscopy might have a more incisive role in the diagnosis of celiac disease than merely providing a means of obtaining biopsy specimens for histological analysis. This Review highlights the new technologies in the field of upper endoscopy that could be helpful for the diagnosis of celiac disease, including the water-immersion technique, chromoendoscopy, high-resolution magnification endoscopy, optimal band imaging, optical coherence tomography and confocal endomicroscopy.
Basal Archosaurs: Phylogenetic Relationships and Functional Implications

Archosaurs first appeared in the Middle Triassic and within a short interval of time came to dominate all faunas of large vertebrates for the remainder of the Mesozoic. It is widely held that short...
Structural basis of DNA bending and oriented heterodimer binding by the basic leucine zipper domains of Fos and Jun

Interactions among transcription factors that bind to separate sequence elements require bending of the intervening DNA and juxtaposition of interacting molecular surfaces in an appropriate orientation. Here, we examine the effects of single amino acid substitutions adjacent to the basic regions of Fos and Jun as well as changes in sequences flanking the AP-1 site on DNA bending. Substitution of charged amino acid residues at positions adjacent to the basic DNA-binding domains of Fos and Jun altered DNA bending. The change in DNA bending was directly proportional to the change in net charge for all heterodimeric combinations between these proteins. Fos and Jun induced distinct DNA bends at different binding sites. Exchange of a single base pair outside of the region contacted in the x-ray crystal structure altered DNA bending. Substitution of base pairs flanking the AP-1 site had converse effects on the opposite directions of DNA bending induced by homodimers and heterodimers. These results suggest that Fos and Jun induce DNA bending in part through electrostatic interactions between amino acid residues adjacent to the basic region and base pairs flanking the AP-1 site. DNA bending by Fos and Jun at inverted binding sites indicated that heterodimers bind to the AP-1 site in a preferred orientation. Mutation of a conserved arginine within the basic regions of Fos and transversion of the central C:G base pair in the AP-1 site to G:C had complementary effects on the orientation of heterodimer binding and DNA bending. The conformational variability of the Fos–Jun–AP-1 complex may contribute to its functional versatility at different promoters.
Improving Project Success in an Online Mathematics Course

With more mathematics courses migrating to online environments, it is important to know whether these courses are comparable to their face-to-face counterparts. To that end, in two different years, I taught an online and a face-to-face section of the same finite mathematics course. After analyzing the data regarding differences in the two sections for the first year, I incorporated changes intended to improve the consistency of project success between the two sections as well as the overall success of the class projects in the online section. My main tool was mimicking the interaction of group members and providing immediate instructor feedback in the early stages of project completion. Happily, I saw an increase in the success of the class projects in the online section.
Can positive frequency dependence facilitate plant coexistence

In his opinion piece, Pauw [1] advocated a niche theoretical approach for studying the coexistence of plant species that differ in pollinator use, but are otherwise ecologically equivalent. By treating pollinators as a resource, one can apply the conceptual framework of the Lotka–Volterra model, which shows that coexistence can occur when each species limits its own growth rate more than that of others (i.e., negative frequency dependence). He presented a list of seven predictions, applicable to plant–pollinator communities, that follow from this theory.
The Contributions of Lattice Anharmonicity to the Zero-Phonon Linewidth

The influence of the host lattice anharmonicity on the optical absorption and emission by an impurity center or a defect in a solid is studied theoretic'ally. Lattice anharmonicity is shown to contribute to the width of the zero-phonon line via two mechanisms: the finite lifetimes of phonon states and those impurity (defect)-phonon collisions which are mediated by another phonon
SINGULARITY STRUCTURE OF THE DOUBLE-REGGE VERTEX IN THE NONPLANAR VENEZIANO MODEL.

Previously studied models of the double-Regge vertex have exhibited only right-hand cuts in the Toller variable. We show that the nonplanar dual model of Mandelstam has left-hand cuts in the Toller variable. We also use this function to calculate all possible total (planar plus nonplanar) Reggeon-Reggeon-particle vertex functions.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE CL + CO REACTION IN AIR

Long-path FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with CO in air. The relative rate constants at 298 K and 760 torr for the forward direction of the reaction of Cl with 13CO and the reaction of Cl13CO with O2 were k1 = (3.4 ± 0.8) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k2 = (4.3 ± 3.2) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively (all uncertainty limits are 2σ). The rate constant for the net loss of 13CO due to reaction with Cl in 1 atm of air at 298 K was kCl+COobs = (3.0 ± 0.6) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The only observed carbon-containing product of the Cl + 12CO reaction was 12CO2, with a yield of 109 ± 18%. Our results are in good agreement with extrapolations from previous studies. The reaction mechanism and the implications for laboratory studies and tropospheric chemistry are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit in running and cycling.

The purpose of this study was to compare values of maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD; a measure of anaerobic capacity) in running and cycling. Twenty-seven women and 25 men performed exhaust...
Completing the Li\'enard-Wiechert potentials: The origin of the delta function fields for a charged particle in hyperbolic motion

Calculating the electromagnetic field of a uniformly accelerated charged particle is a surprisingly subtle problem that has been long discussed in the literature. While the correct field has been obtained many times and through various means, it remains somewhat unclear why the (supposedly general) field expression derived from the Lienard-Wiechert potentials misses some terms. We present new derivations of the missing field and potential terms by considering only pure hyperbolic motion, and we amend the offending step in the standard Lienard-Wiechert construction.
Admittance calculation of a slot in the shield of a multiconductor transmission line

The admittance calculation for a narrow slot in the conducting shield of a multiconductor transmission line (MTL) is presented. An approximate calculation is given for the admittance seen looking into a slot in the shield of a multiconductor transmission line when a uniform magnetic current is placed over the slot. The calculation presented is approximate in that only the transmission line mode is used in the calculation. All higher-order waveguide modes are neglected. This allows the magnetic current to be replaced by a point voltage source at the slot location. The admittance calculation then corresponds to calculating the driving point admittance of a point voltage source located in the shield of an MTL. >
Single scattering of parallel direct and axially symmetric diffuse solar radiation in vegetative canopies

Abstract Knowledge of the distribution of solar radiant energy in vegetated canopies facilitates computation of canopy photosynthetic rates and/or reflectance/ transmittance. The classical turbid medium theory is extended to describe single scatter of parallel direct and axially symmetric diffuse flux inputs in a family of vegetative canopies where the spatial dispersion of the leaves follows the binomial distributions. The penetration functions for upward and downward scattered flux densities are formulated in terms of the interception functions of the corresponding flux inputs. The pattern of upward and downward single scattered horizontal flux generation and the dependence of the boundary valued fluxes (reflectance/transmittance) on leaf area index, sun position, and leaf angle distribution are presented. Finally, we show that the inversion problem is reduced to finding the roots of a polynomial, relating leaf area index, extinction coefficients, and the albedo.
Insulin Degradation by Liver Cell Membranes

Liver cell membranes actively degrade insulin, but the mechanism for this process has not been established. Exposure of [125I]iodoinsulin for various times to a liver cell membrane preparation enriched in blood sinusoidal surfaces resulted in the generation of labeled products of varying sizes. Separation of these products on a molecular sieve column demonstrated a progressive decrease in 125I-labeled material eluting in the insulin peak and an increase in both larger and smaller molecular weight materials. The latter could be separated into at least three distinct peaks. In addition, the material eluting in the insulin peak had a decreased immunoprecipitability, suggesting that this peak was also heterogeneous. The 125I-labeled material extracted from the membranes eluted from the molecular sieve column predominantly in the void volume and in the insulin peak. There was an increase with time in the larger molecular weight fraction. The liver membrane insulin-degrading activity was characterized by polyac...
Predictive dynamic thermal management for multicore systems

Recently, processor power density has been increasing at an alarming rate resulting in high on-chip temperature. Higher temperature increases current leakage and causes poor reliability. In this paper, we propose a Predictive Dynamic Thermal Management (PDTM) based on Application-based Thermal Model (ABTM) and Core-based Thermal Model (CBTM) in the multicore systems. ABTM predicts future temperature based on the application specific thermal behavior, while CBTM estimates core temperature pattern by steady state temperature and workload. The accuracy of our prediction model is 1.6% error in average compared to the model in HybDTM [8], which has at most 5% error. Based on predicted temperature from ABTM and CBTM, the proposed PDTM can maintain the system temperature below a desired level by moving the running application from the possible overheated core to the future coolest core (migration) and reducing the processor resources (priority scheduling) within multicore systems. PDTM enables the exploration of the tradeoff between throughput and fairness in temperature-constrained multicore systems. We implement PDTM on Intel's Quad-Core system with a specific device driver to access Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS). Compared against Linux standard scheduler, PDTM can decrease average temperature about 10%, and peak temperature by 5°C with negligible impact of performance under 1%, while running single SPEC2006 benchmark. Moreover, our PDTM outperforms HRTM [10] in reducing average temperature by about 7% and peak temperature by about 3°C with performance overhead by 0.15% when running single benchmark.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of shave biopsy wounds: feasibility of intraoperative mapping of cancer margins

Background Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images skin at cellular resolution and has shown utility for the diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer in-vivo. Topical application of Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) enhances contrast in RCM images by brightening nuclei.
Suppression of Pressure Loads in Cavity Flows

The need to suppress dynamic-pressure loads in open cavities represents an important problem in many aeronautical applications. Many studies have been conducted using passive and active control techniques at the leading and trailing edges of cavities that have shown some success at reducing the dynamic-pressure levels in simulated weapons bays. In this work a leading-edge fence along with a cylindrical rod, suspended in the approaching boundary layer parallel to the leading edge of the cavity, was examined. The overall pressure levels along with the spectral distribution of the surface pressure in the cavity have been shown to he altered in a favorable manner by both of these devices. Suppressing the dynamic-pressure levels in the cavity was also found to alter the correlation between sensors along the floor cavity. Although it was found that both leading-edge devices lift the shear layer away from the cavity, the manner in which it is lifted appears to play an important role in the level of surface-pressure suppression.
The bldB Gene Encodes a Small Protein Required for Morphogenesis, Antibiotic Production, and Catabolite Control in Streptomyces coelicolor

Mutants blocked at the earliest stage of morphological development in Streptomyces species are called bld mutants. These mutants are pleiotropically defective in the initiation of development, the ability to produce antibiotics, the ability to regulate carbon utilization, and the ability to send and/or respond to extracellular signals. Here we report the identification and partial characterization of a 99-amino-acid open reading frame (ORF99) that is capable of restoring morphogenesis, antibiotic production, and catabolite control to all of the bldB mutants. Of the existing bld mutants, bldB is of special interest because the phenotype of this mutant is the most pleiotropic. DNA sequence analysis of ORF99 from each of the existing bldB mutants identified base changes either within the coding region of the predicted protein or in the regulatory region of the gene. Primer extension analysis identified an apparent transcription start site. A promoter fusion to the xylE reporter gene showed that expression of bldB is apparently temporally regulated and that the bldB gene product is involved in the regulation of its own expression.
Child and Parental Self-Monitoring as Determinants of Success in the Treatment of Morbid Obesity in Low-Income Minority Children

Objective To examine self-monitoring by children and parents as related to weight control over 6 months within a long-term multidisciplinary program for low-income minority children with morbid obesity. Methods The weight changes of 228 children with obesity were evaluated according to frequency of child and parental self-monitoring. Predictors of self-monitoring were also evaluated. Results Children who self-monitored on most days lost more weight over 6 months of treatment compared with less-consistent self-monitors. Children whose parents self-monitored were also more likely to self-monitor and lose weight. Conclusions Self-monitoring seems just as critical for successful weight control among low-income minority children with obesity as it is in the middle-class populations. Although lower education and higher levels of psychosocial stress may decrease self-monitoring and participation by these families, they might still benefit from targeting highly consistent self-monitoring (by parents and children) as a primary goal in weight-control programs.
SMLTM simulations of the diurnal tide: comparison with UARS observations

Abstract. Wind and temperature observations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) reveal strong seasonal variations of tides, a dominant component of the MLT dynamics. Simulations with the Spectral mesosphere/lower thermosphere model (SMLTM) for equinox and solstice conditions are presented and compared with the observations. The diurnal tide is generated by forcing specified at the model lower boundary and by in situ absorption of solar radiation. The model incorporates realistic parameterizations of physical processes including various dissipation processes important for propagation of tidal waves in the MLT. A discrete multi-component gravity-wave parameterization has been modified to account for seasonal variations of the background temperature. Eddy diffusion is calculated depending on the gravity-wave energy deposition rate and stability of the background flow. It is shown that seasonal variations of the diurnal-tide amplitudes are consistent with observed variations of gravity-wave sources in the lower atmosphere.
The effect of repeated vibration signals on worker behavior in established and newly founded colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Communication signals used in animal social interactions are frequently performed repetitively, but the function of this repetition is often not well understood. We examined the effects of signal repetition by investigating the behavior of worker honey bees that received differing numbers of vibration signals in established and newly founded colonies, which could use signal repetition differently to help adjust task allocations to the labor demands associated with the different stages of colony development. In both colony types, more than half of all monitored workers received more than one vibration signal, and approximately 12% received ≥5 signals during a given 20-min observation period. Vibrated recipients exhibited greater activity and task performance than same-age non-vibrated controls at all levels of signal activity. However, vibrated workers showed similar levels of task performance, movement rates, cell inspection rates, and trophallactic exchanges regardless of the number of signals received. Thus, the repeated performance of vibration signals on individual bees did not cause cumulative increases in the activity of certain workers, but rather may have functioned to maintain relatively constant levels of activity and task performance among groups of recipients. The established and newly founded colonies did not differ in the extent to which individual workers received the different numbers of vibration signals or in the levels of activity stimulated by repeated signals. Previous work has suggested that compared to established colonies, newly founded colonies have a greater number of vibrators that perform signals on a greater proportion of the workers they contact. Taken in concert, these results suggest that vibration signal repetition may help to adjust task allocations to the different stages of colony development by helping to maintain similar levels of activity among a greater total number of recipients, rather than by eliciting cumulative effects that cause certain recipients to work harder than others.
Current progress in the use of traditional medicines and nutraceuticals.

Traditional medicines in the form of botanical dietary supplements and nutraceuticals have found a place in 21 st century healthcare. They nonetheless all contain compounds that are foreign to humans (i.e. xenobiotics) and that are subject to the same pharmacological issues encountered by synthetic therapeutic agents. It is crucial therefore for all parties, the medical profession, investigative scientists, the regulatory agencies and the public, to understand the particular characteristics of botanicals and nutraceuticals and their potential for success and failure in preventing and confronting disease.
Cell Cycle Regulation of DNA Replication

Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated to ensure all chromosomes replicate once and only once per cell cycle. Replication begins at many origins scattered along each chromosome. Except for budding yeast, origins are not defined DNA sequences and probably are inherited by epigenetic mechanisms. Initiation at origins occurs throughout the S phase according to a temporal program that is important in regulating gene expression during development. Most replication proteins are conserved in evolution in eukaryotes and archaea, but not in bacteria. However, the mechanism of initiation is conserved and consists of origin recognition, assembly of prereplication (pre-RC) initiative complexes, helicase activation, and replisome loading. Cell cycle regulation by protein phosphorylation ensures that pre-RC assembly can only occur in G1 phase, whereas helicase activation and loading can only occur in S phase. Checkpoint regulation maintains high fidelity by stabilizing replication forks and preventing cell cycle progression during replication stress or damage.
Discussion of “Erosional phenomena associated with volcanic eruption of Parícutin, Mexico”

Erosion of the volcanic ash at Par´icutin is proceeding at a rapid rate. Lowdermilk indicates how this takes place. Cutting is reported not only in the ash but also as extending downward into the original soil. It is presumed that before the formation of the volcano the original soil was in balance with the rainfall. Hence, unless the land had been abused, not much erosion had taken place. Now, this older soil is being eroded despite a protective covering of ash.
The physics of gravitational collapse - An overview

The gravitational collapse of stars is discussed, assuming spherical symmetry and applying the technique of adiabatic hydrodynamics. Attention is given to the microphysics of collapse considering entropy, electron number, neutronization rate and nuclear statistical equilibrium. In addition, in order to investigate the neutrino astrophysics of collapse, the structure of an eight-solar-mass helium star is calculated from the initial instability until well after neutrino trapping the neutrino distribution function is shown for various shells. Also presented is the light curve from the core collapse and explosion of a low-mass (about 2.5 solar masses) helium star, which shows similarity to a type-I supernova.
Seizure-like States

1. Kathryn McVicar, MD 1. Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY Seizure-like episodes resemble seizures, but are not true seizures. Breath-holding spells (BHS), tics, syncope, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and sleep disturbances all may be mistaken for seizures, but important distinguishing features can help the clinician differentiate these entities from a true seizure. Like seizures, seizure-like states are paroxysmal events that have a discrete onset, ending, and return to baseline. The duration, frequency, and clinical characteristics are different for each entity and help the clinician distinguish among them, usually on the basis of history and physical examination, sometimes with the aid of additional diagnostic testing. Seizures are disturbances of the central nervous system characterized by phenomena that the patient cannot control, with or without a concurrent loss of consciousness. There may be major motor manifestations. The range of clinical seizures extends from subtle behavioral arrests (absence seizures) to the more obvious generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Generally, consciousness is lost, and the postictal period of drowsiness or decreased responsiveness following the episode often lasts 21/2 times the length of the actual paroxysm. If the paroxysm is momentary, a postictal period may not be identifiable. BHS are common, peaking in children between 2 and 3 years of age, although even infants may have them. Commonly, those who hold their breath outgrow their spells by 5 or 6 years of age. BHS are characterized by the child’s apparent inability to breathe, accompanied by a change in color, limpness, and collapse, followed briefly by a return to baseline. The duration usually is less than 1 minute. Generalized tonic movements from brief cerebral ischemia may accompany BHS, but do not imply any increased risk of epilepsy in the future. Clinically, BHS can be categorized as pallid or cyanotic. The parents often describe the child as becoming frustrated and crying prior to cyanotic episodes and having suffered minor trauma, …
A coordination strategy for cooperative sensor network deception by autonomous vehicle teams

A sensor deception scenario that employs a cooperative multi-agent team is considered as an example of a more general distributed non-formation cooperative control problem. The team uses range-delay based deception techniques to cooperatively project a false target track to an integrated range-sensing network. The problem is characterized and the geometry is analyzed. A distributed cooperative control problem is stated and a solution is presented. Simulations are provided to verify the stability of the solution.
Interface Carpet and Fabric Company's sustainability efforts: What the company does, the crucial role of employees, and the limits of this approach

Much has been written touting the environmental achievements of Interface Carpet and Fabric Company, but not much has been said about how this firm has accomplished it goals, using employee participation. This case study documents the importance and benefits of employee participation, employee perceptions of the experience, as well as limits to this approach in achieving the goal of sustainability.
Communication Between Older Adults and Their Physicians About Urinary Incontinence

Background. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common but undertreated condition in older adults. The study objective was to determine older patients' characteristics related to communication patterns with their physicians about UI.Methods. Telephone surveys of a sample of patients age 60 and older who visited a primary care provider (PCP) for any reason within the past 2 months were conducted. Participating physicians included general internists and family physicians from 41 primary care practices located in the 17 counties of northwest North Carolina whose 435 incontinent and 711 continent patients completed the surveys. The main outcome measures were patients' frequency and amount of urinary leakage, being asked about incontinence, and initiating a discussion of incontinence if not asked by their PCP.Results. Age and gender were significant independent predictors of incontinence. PCPs were significantly more likely to assess incontinent women than incontinent men (21% vs 10%, p = .053). The older cohorts of older adults were significantly more likely to be symptomatic for UI than their younger counterparts. However, the younger cohorts were more likely to be screened for incontinence by their physicians.Conclusions. Despite the publication of guidelines on improving the screening and management of UI, the problem remains common and underdetected in older adults. Physicians don't ask and patients don't tell. Interventions are needed to remind physicians to screen high risk patients and to encourage patients with UI to communicate with their physicians.
The Politics of Economic Nationalism in Postrevolutionary Mexico

Economic nationalism in Mexico has typically been linked to mid-twentieth-century experiments with state-led industrial protectionism. This article argues that the origins of this association lay in postrevolutionary conflicts between economic liberals and protectionists over state consolidation and industrial centralization. Within these struggles, promoters of state economic intervention as well as defender s of free trade and private enterprise justifiably pr oclaimed the nationalist merits of their divergent industrial projects. This article, by focusing on the political facets of industrialist conflicts amid rising post-World War II concerns over United States influence, sheds light both on how the post-World War II period became a turning point in the maturation of industrial protectionism, as well as on the contingent nature of its mid-twentieth-century association with economic nationalism. Scholars of Latin American development have most often identified economic nationalism with mid-twentieth-century experiments with state-led industrial protectionism. This has been fostered partly by the prominence of these policies in str ucturalist programs promoted by the Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL), which were aimed at overcoming dependency and underdevelopment in the region. Upon closer inspection however, an examination of industr ial development in postr evolutionary Mexico offers other possibilities for understanding economic nationalism. During the 1940s, supporters of state economic intervention and protected industrialization, as well as defender s of private enterprise and free trade both posited themselves as nationalist proponents of modernization and a front against United States imperialism. In doing so, each side promoted the nationalist merits of their divergent industrial projects as a means to lay claim to postrevolutionary political influence. The ensuing conflicts between the two over how to defend Mexico’s sovereignty in turn became central in larger rifts over the interrelated processes of industr ial centralization and state consolidation. Much of the energy behind these conflicts stemmed from concerns about the potential impact of planned, industrial protectionism on r uling party
Trajectory design for Saturn orbiter missions in the mid 1980s

The special orbital techniques recently developed for Jupiter orbiter mission were studied for application to a Saturn orbiter mission. The direct opportunities from 1985 through 1990 are compared, and the 1985 opportunity is discussed in detail as an example. The impact of various Shuttle upper stages is considered. Gravity-assisted interplanetary flights can more than double payloads delivered to a Saturn orbit at a cost of about two years of flight time. The uncertainty of the particle environment near Saturn's rings and the desire to use Titan for gravity assistance to decrease orbital period prompted the study of several orbit-insertion schemes. Titan gravity assistance is more powerful than that of Jupiter's satellites. Titan can save 700 m/s of velocity change during orbit insertion if a high periapsis is necessary. Titan can be used to maneuver the line of apsides and orbital inclination to explore Saturn, its environment, and Titan itself at various solar phase angles and to set up occultations.
Work Attitudes of Mexican Americans

Compared with Euro-Americans, Mexican Americans, as a group, are younger, less well-educated, less often represented in higher status occupations, and earn less. Because these characteristics are known to negatively correlate with many work attitudes, it was predicted that Mexican American and Euro-American work attitudes would be different. Data from 21 surveys representative of the United States work force were used to compare the work attitudes of Mexican Americans (n = 405) and Euro-Americans (n = 10,312). In contrast to the prediction, the results combine with those of earlier studies to portray Mexican American employees as productive, cooperative, and networking, with a strong sense of work ethic and job satisfaction.
Cytosolic H2O2 mediates hypertrophy, apoptosis, and decreased SERCA activity in mice with chronic hemodynamic overload

Oxidative stress in the myocardium plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hemodynamic overload. The mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac myocyte mediate myocardial failure in hemodynamic overload is not known. Accordingly, our goals were to test whether myocyte-specific overexpression of peroxisomal catalase (pCAT) that localizes in the sarcoplasm protects mice from hemodynamic overload-induced failure and prevents oxidation and inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), an important sarcoplasmic protein. Chronic hemodynamic overload was caused by ascending aortic constriction (AAC) for 12 wk in mice with myocyte-specific transgenic expression of pCAT. AAC caused left ventricular hypertrophy and failure associated with a generalized increase in myocardial oxidative stress and specific oxidative modifications of SERCA at cysteine 674 and tyrosine 294/5. pCAT overexpression ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis, decreased pathological remodeling, and prevented the progression to heart failure. Likewise, pCAT prevented oxidative modifications of SERCA and increased SERCA activity without changing SERCA expression. Thus cardiac myocyte-restricted expression of pCAT effectively ameliorated the structural and functional consequences of chronic hemodynamic overload and increased SERCA activity via a post-translational mechanism, most likely by decreasing inhibitory oxidative modifications. In pressure overload-induced heart failure cardiac myocyte cytosolic ROS play a pivotal role in mediating key pathophysiologic events including hypertrophy, apoptosis, and decreased SERCA activity.
Tuberculous Enteritis: A Rare Complication of Miliary Tuberculosis

Tuberculous enteritis is a clinical rarity even in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of miliary tuberculosis with gastrointestinal involvement. A 47-year-old homosexual male from Philippines with no significant medical history presented with productive cough, night sweats, subjective fevers, shortness of breath, watery diarrhea, and 25-pound weight loss in past one year. On physical exam he was afebrile, mildly hypotensive, tachycardic, and tachypneic, but saturating well on room air. He was cachectic with oral thrush and bilateral fine rales. Chest X-ray revealed a miliary pattern. His sputum AFB smear was strongly positive. PCR and sputum culture were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He was started on Rifampin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide. He was found to be HIV positive with an absolute CD4 count of 4 cells/μL. Due to persistent diarrhea, stool was sent for AFB culture and grew M. tuberculosis. He responded well to treatment with resolution of symptoms. Tuberculous enteritis occurs in about 2% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Although it is uncommon, it should be considered in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and abdominal complaints. A presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous enteritis can be made in the setting of active pulmonary tuberculosis with suggestive clinical, endoscopic, and/or radiographic findings.