cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTION OF INTERACTIONAL PATTERNS IN PEDIATRIC ENCOUNTERS

The pediatrics residency regularly videotapes ambulatory clinical encounters between residents and patients. These are analyzed and reviewed with residents to aid the development of communication skills. In 1981-83 tapes of 35 patient encounters of 15 residents were collected. An assessment was conducted to identify the routine interactive tasks performed in the encounters, to analyze the characteristics of those tasks, and to describe the range of variation in how the tasks were accomplished. The purpose was to depict the "behavioral anatomy" of pediatric encounters. The analysis revealed that despite individual variations the majority of taped encounters contained recurring interactional routines. Some have conventional names (greeting, the presenting complaint), others have technical terms from the literature on interaction (turn-exchange, adjacency pairs). Each of the routines can be described and classified easily by a trained evaluator. The paper presents the classification of pediatric encounters and summarizes how those routines contribute to accomplishing the tasks of pediatric encounters. Review of the interactional patterns enables residents to assess and modify their exchanges as needed. This description also aids in coding clinical behavior and examining its relation to patient satisfaction and effective problem solving.
Studies on the biology of the tapeworm Shipleya inermis Fuhrmann, 1908

The oogenotop was studied using certain histochemical tests and the contribution of the various parts to the egg was discussed. The later embryogeny of the preoncosphere was studied with emphasis placed on capsule formation. Observations on the bionomics of the infection are discussed. A brief discussion of the systematics of the family and subfamily is given.
Downstream Hydraulic Geometry along a Tropical Mountain River

The upper Rio Chagres basin drains 414 km2 of mountainous topography in central Panama. Hillslopes exceed 45° in over 90% of the basin and are highly dissected by a predominantly bedrock channel network. A variety of igneous bedrock lithologies are exposed discontinuously along the channels, which both follow and cut across geologic structures. Local changes in channel gradient and geometry occur where the channel crosses a more resistant bedrock unit, but the longitudinal profile as a whole is concave. Coarse sediment is introduced via tributary channels and landslides. The basin has high values of discharge per unit area. Channel geometry, bed grain-size, velocity, and discharge were surveyed for 40 short (50–200 m-long) channel reaches throughout the basin to examine how downstream hydraulic geometry relations and other channel characteristics (i) compare to those from mountain drainages in temperate regions, and (ii) reflect site-specific variables versus variables such as drainage area and discharge that change progressively downstream. Downstream hydraulic geometry exponents are 0.36 for hydraulic radius, 0.43 for channel top-width, and 0.24 for mean velocity. These values are similar to the average values for rivers worldwide, despite the inclusion of step-pool, pool-riffle, and bedrock gorge reaches in the data set. The presence of strong downstream hydraulic geometry trends indicates that hydraulic driving forces sufficiently exceed resisting forces to override specific lithologic influences on channel width and depth when averaged across sub-basin to basin scales. Poor correlations between grain size and drainage area, discharge, or reach gradient and between reach gradient and drainage area or discharge suggest that landslides and bedrock lithology locally control grain size and reach gradient.
Workshop - engaging undergraduate students in research using the Affinity Research Group model

An affinity research group is a comprehensive model for the creation and maintenance of dynamic, productive, and inclusive research groups in engineering and computing. The model is comprised of a set of fundamental principles and effective practices that emphasize the conscious development of studentspsila domain knowledge as well as research and professional skills. This workshop introduces the model and engages the participants in exercises that illustrate the use of the model.
Global optimal IIR filter design and ARMA estimation using homotopy continuation methods

A method is presented for minimum mean square error (MMSE) pole-zero modeling which computes the parameter estimates at the absolute minimum of the MSE surface. Homotopy continuation methods are used to systematically find the set of all stationary points from which the global minimum is selected. The number of stationary points is expressed as a function of the number of data samples used in computing the estimate. These methods are applied to IIR (infinite impulse response) filter design and autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) estimation for first order models and are compared to previous approaches. >
Advantages of utilizing through-silicon-vias in SiGe HBT RF low-noise amplifier design

The benefits of using through-silicon-vias (TSVs) in silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) over the conventional wire bonding have been investigated for the first time. The parasitics associated with wire bonding can be significantly minimized with TSVs, thereby reducing the LNA performance degradation at the packaging level. To verify simulations and theoretical analysis, a prototype K-band TSV-integrated LNA was implemented in a SiGe HBT platform. The parasitic inductance of TSVs was effectively utilized as an adjustable matching element for the optimum LNA performance. The proposed LNA exhibits minimal degradation compared to the (unpackaged) LNA with probe-supplied ground. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2703–2706, 2015
Percolation and cluster distribution. III. Algorithms for the site-bond problem

Algorithms for estimating the percolation probabilities and cluster size distribution are given in the framework of a Monte Carlo simulation for disordered lattices for the generalized site-bond problem. The site-bond approach is useful when a percolation process cannot be exclusively described in the context of pure site or pure bond percolation. An extended multiple labeling technique (ECMLT) is introduced for the generalized problem. The ECMLT is applied to the site-bond percolation problem for square and triangular lattices. Numerical data are given for lattices containing up to 16 million sites. An application to polymer gelation is suggested.
The problem of deception within medical science.

The editors note and draw the attention of our readers to the communication from an Ad Hoc Investigating Committee at the University of California San Diego Medical School, assigned the task of reviewing publications of a former faculty member, Dr. Robert Slutsky, who has been charged with research fraud (see below). An article in Science [l] reviews this charge and the response of the University of California San Diego Medical School. We commend the University for its approach to this difficult problem and appreciate the objective reviews by the Ad Hoc Committee of the paper published during 1980 in the European Journal of Curdiologv, the predecessor of the International Journal of Cardiology. Fraud in research is not a new problem [2], and its historical rate of occurrence is uncertain. It does seem to be a disturbingly recurrent theme over the past years and even as the Slutsky case is being reviewed, rumbling of other examples are surfacing [3-51. While others may speculate on the features of personality or competitive pressures in research which may account for fraud in science, it seems particularly important as Editors to re-emphasize the responsibilities of authors. We refer readers to the Information for Authors Section published in each issue of this Journal. The University of California San Diego Medical School has intensified recognition of the responsibilities for authorship as a result of their response to the allegation of fraud by requiring co-authors to defend the validity of the published work. Such efforts by co-authors prior to publication should help in reducing the frequency of research fraud. It also seems worthwhile to consider other types of deception which may occur. The term “fraud” implies a deliberate and conscious effort to deceive. The unintentional deception that may result from slipshod work is not usually considered “fraud” but its effects may be just as devastating. The dimensions of the problem of
Agar Techniques for Colonizing and Cloning Trichomonads

SYNOPSIS. Agar media have been used in plates, Burri tubes, and sealed slide preparations to grow trichomonads as clonal colonies. Periodic observation of slide-culture colonies confirmed their origin from single organisms as clones. Axenic cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis (3 strains), T. gallinae (2 strains), T. gallinarum (1 strain), Tritrichomonas augusta (5 strains), Trit. foetus (4 strains), Trit. suis (?) (6 strains), Pentatrichomonas hominis (1 strain), and an undescribed porcine form were used successfully. Urinary and vaginal specimens with T. vaginalis were also plated directly from patients. In all trials, organisms were recovered from colonies for broth culture and re-plating. Colonies of the two strains of T. gallinae showed constant differences in their growth under the same conditions. Plated T. vaginalis have shown zones of growth inhibition in tests against drug-impregnated discs.
Tunable plasmonic nanostructures from noble metal nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive polymers

The review describes the progress in the field of tunable plasmonic nanostructured materials based on the combination of noble metal (typically gold or silver) nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive polymers acting as interparticle linkers. This combination enables the transduction of chemical and physical forces into an optical signal, arising from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and plasmon coupling effects in metal nanoparticles and their aggregates. We briefly overview the existing designs of such tunable plasmonic nanostructures, discuss their advantages and shortcomings, demonstrate possible applications in optical sensors, biosensors, and various miniaturized devices and systems, and conclude with future prospects.
Linear empirical bayes estimation in the case of the Wishart distribution

We consider independent pairs (X1,∑1), (X2,∑2),…,(Xn∑n), where each Si is distributed according to some unknown density function g(∑) and, given ∑i = ∑, X has a conditional density function g(x|∑) of the Wishart type. In each pair, the first component is observable but the second is not. After the (n + l)-th observation Xn+i is obtained, the objective is to estimate ∑ n+i corresponding to Xn+i. This estimator is called an empirical Bayes (EB) estimator of ∑. We construct a linear EB estimator of ∑ and examine its precision.
High-resolution local magnetic field models for the Martian South Pole from Mars Global Surveyor data

We present two high-resolution local models for the crustal magnetic field of the Martian south polar region. Models SP130 and SP130M were derived from three-component measurements made by Mars Global Surveyor at nighttime and at low altitude (<200 km). The availability area for these data covers the annulus between latitudes −76° and −87° and contains a strongly magnetized region (southern parts of Terra Sirenum) adjacent to weakly magnetized terrains (such as Prometheus Planum). Our localized field inversions take into account the region of data availability, a finite spectral bandlimit (spherical harmonic degree L = 130), and the varying satellite altitude at each observation point. We downward continue the local field solutions to a sphere of Martian polar radius 3376 km. While weakly magnetized areas in model SP130 contain inversion artifacts caused by strongly magnetized crust nearby, these artifacts are largely avoided in model SP130M, a mosaic of inversion results obtained by independently solving for the fields over individual subregions. Robust features of both models are magnetic stripes of alternating polarity in southern Terra Sirenum that end abruptly at the rim of Prometheus Planum, an impact crater with a weak or undetectable magnetic field. From a prominent and isolated dipole-like magnetic feature close to Australe Montes, we estimate a paleopole with a best fit location at longitude 207° and latitude 48°. From the abruptly ending magnetic field stripes, we estimate average magnetization values of up to 15 A/m.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF X(NpO2)(PO4)(H2O)3 (X = K+, Na+, Rb+, NH4+) AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE AUTUNITE GROUP

Four Np 6+ phosphates with compositions X (NpO 2 )(PO 4 )(H 2 O) 3 , X = K + , Na + , Rb + , NH 4 + , have been synthesized by mild hydrothermal methods, and their structures have been determined. Single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data were collected using Mo K α radiation and an APEX CCD detector. The Np 6+ structures containing K + , Na + , Rb + , and NH 4 + ( KP1 , NaP1 , RbP1 , NH 4 P1 ) were refined to agreement indices R 1 0.042, 0.051, 0.066, and 0.023 calculated for 831, 856, 798, and 857 unique observed reflections, respectively. KP1 crystallizes in space group P 4/ ncc , with a 6.9564(8), c 17.826(4) A, V 862.6(2) A 3 , Z = 4. NaP1 also is tetragonal, P 4/ ncc , with a 7.005(1), c 16.986(4) A, V 833.6(3) A 3 , Z = 4. RbP1 is tetragonal, P 4/ ncc , with a 7.031(4), c 17.87(2) A, V 884(1) A 3 , Z = 4. NH 4 P1 crystallizes in space group P 4/ ncc with a 6.9843(6), c 18.023(3) A, V 879.2(2) A 3 , Z = 4. Each of these structures contains sheets of composition [(NpO 2 )(PO 4 )] − consisting of Np 6+ in square bipyramidal coordination and phosphate tetrahedra. These sheets are topologically identical to the well-known uranyl phosphate sheets of the autunite group. The monovalent cations and H 2 O group are located in the interlayer, where they balance the charge on the sheets and provide linkages between the sheets.
Potential Benefits of Preventive Nutrition Strategies

For years, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) served as nutritional guidelines for individuals and institutions (1). However, these have developed from minimalist criteria primarily aimed at prevention of clinical deficiencies. These guidelines were later supplemented with recommendations to reduce dietary fat and cholesterol. In recent years, attention has focused on specific types of fat and suboptimal intake of dietary factors, even in the absence of recognized clinical deficiency. Dietary factors, including substances not generally considered to be nutrients, now appear involved in the cause or prevention of conditions as diverse as coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, many cancers, cataracts, and birth defects. The National Research Council (NRC) and the Surgeon General’s office (2,3) have examined the relation of diet to health more broadly and issued new recommendations. This brief overview will build on the 1989 NRC report on Diet and Health (2) emphasizing subsequent findings.
Estimation of saturated pixel values in digital color imaging.

Pixel saturation, in which the incident light at a pixel causes one of the color channels of the camera sensor to respond at its maximum value, can produce undesirable artifacts in digital color images. We present a Bayesian algorithm that estimates what the saturated channel’s value would have been in the absence of saturation. The algorithm uses the nonsaturated responses from the other color channels, together with a multivariate normal prior that captures the correlation in response across color channels. The prior may be estimated directly from the image data, since most image pixels are not saturated. Given the prior and the responses of the nonsaturated channels, the algorithm returns the optimal expected mean square estimate for the true response. Extensions of the algorithm to the case in which more than one channel is saturated are also discussed. Both simulations and examples with real images are presented to show that the algorithm is effective.
Selecting the Transthoracic Defibrillation Shock Directional Vector Based on VF Amplitude Improves Shock Success

Introduction: Termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by a defibrillating shock is more likely to occur when the VF amplitude is larger. We hypothesized that a defibrillation shock would achieve higher success if the shock vector was oriented along the largest of the VF amplitudes measured simultaneously in 3 orthogonal ECG leads, and that this axis could be determined near-instantaneously in real time. Methods and Results: In 9 closed-chest anesthetized swine, a new directional defibrillation (DD) device was used to simultaneously measure the VF peak amplitudes displayed by 3 orthogonal pairs of defibrillation electrodes: anterior–posterior, lateral–lateral, and superior–inferior. Four shocks at each of 3 energy levels (30 Joules [J], 50 J, and 100 J) were delivered through the electrode pair measuring the largest (LA) and smallest (SA) VF peak amplitude at the time of the shock. The odds of shock success (VF termination followed by a perfusing rhythm) were 5 times more likely when shocks were delivered from the LA electrodes than the SA electrodes (odds ratio 5.10, 95% CI: 1.39, 18.79). At the intermediate energy level of 50 J, shocks delivered through the LA electrode pairs had an almost 9 times higher odds of shock success than 50 J shocks delivered through the SA electrode pairs (68.3% vs 18.9%, P = 0.002) (odds ratio 8.94, 95% CI: 2.59, 30.82). Transthoracic impedance and current did not differ for shocks delivered in the LA versus SA groups. Conclusion: Choosing the defibrillation directional vector based on the largest VF amplitude improved shock success.
Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Zimbabwe

The present study examines intimate partner violence (IPV) reported by a sample of women in Zimbabwe to explore factors associated with the problem. Findings from the study indicate an important role of gender relationships in violence against women. The effects of gender inequalities on the likelihood of IPV vary with types of violence, but husband's patriarchal behaviors increase the likelihood of all forms of violence. The study suggests the importance of improving gender equality through public education on gender relationships, increasing women's education and economic opportunities, and eliminating customary laws that sustain gender inequality as necessary steps to combat IPV against women in Zimbabwe.
Do Canes or Walkers Make Any Difference? NonUse and Fall Injuries

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Examine patterns of cane and walker use as related to falls and fall injuries. HYPOTHESES: Among people who fall at home, most do not have an assistive device with them when they fall. Nonusers who fall sustain more severe injuries. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered written survey completed by 262 people aged 60 and older who were community dwelling, cognitively intact, and current cane/walker users with a history of falls. They were recruited through clinical practice sites, churches, and senior housing in central Michigan. Outcomes of interest included patterns of device use, reasons for nonuse, device use at time of fall, and fall-related injuries. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of respondents who fell were not using their device at the time of fall despite stating that canes help prevent falls. Reasons for nonuse included believing it was not needed, forgetfulness, the device made them feel old, and inaccessibility. Perceived risk was not high enough to engage in self-protective behavior. However, nonuse led to a significantly higher proportion of falls resulting in surgery than among device users. Among respondents requiring surgery, 100% were nonusers. Most respondents never received a home safety evaluation (68%) and only 50% received training on proper device use. IMPLICATIONS: Providers must place increased emphasis on the importance of cane/walker use for injury prevention through patient education to promote personal relevance, proper fitting, and training. New strategies are needed to improve device acceptability and accessibility. Language: en
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic cotton and potato on Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae) and Oppia nitens (Acari: Orbatidae)

Methods are reported for testing the effects of toxins or small molecules [ BaCillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki delta-endotoxins HD-1 CryIA (b) and HD-73 CryIA (c)] in plants (cotton and potato) on 2 nontarget soil arthropods, a collembolan, Folsomia candida Willem, and an orbatid mite, Oppia nitens Koch. Time to oviposition. egg production, and final body length were unaffected when F. candida were fed residues of transgenic cotton lines #81 or #249. Total production of O. nitens adults and nymphs was unaffected by feeding on leaves of both transgenic cotton lines. With B. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis CryIIIA in potato, no differences were seen in the 3 indices for F. candida . Overall, transgenic toxin sources had no negative effects, but similar tests with cadmium as a positive control showed a concentration-rate response of decreased reproduction.
Depression in Velocity of Antegrade Conduction through Accessory Pathway after Propofol to a Patient with Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

間欠性Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW)症候群患者の大腿瘢痕形成術の麻酔を経験した.搬入時の心電図は正常波形であった.麻酔維持は酸素,亜酸化窒素,セボフルランで行なった.手術終了間際セボフルラン濃度を低下させたところ,突然WPW波形が出現したので,麻酔深度増強目的でプロポフォールを投与した.すると,すみやかにWPW波形は消失した.数分後,手術終了に伴い吸入麻酔を中止したところ,再度WPW波形が出現した.そこで,プロポフォールの一回投与に続いて持続投与を開始した.波形はすみやかに正常化し,その濃度を段階的に低下させ覚醒させた.以後,WPW波形の出現はなかった.本症例より,プロポフォールが間欠性WPW症候群の副伝導路の順行性伝導速度を抑制する可能性が示唆された.
Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 and incident hypertension: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Objective: :Elevated serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), an endogenous hormone, is associated with disturbed mineral homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. It is unclear whether FGF23 impacts the development of incident hypertension. We examined the association betwe
New Ti-bearing High Strength Steel

A high strength steel with the yield strength above 700 MPa is developed successfully with the addition of titanium alloy element based on a low-carbon steel.The results show the strengthening factors of this steel are tiny and crisscross distributed precipitation of bainite and titanium carbide.When the volume fraction of bainite is greater than 70%,the yield strength of steel will be higher than 700 MPa,and simultaneously ratio of tensile to yield strength will be greater than 1.07,and good mechanical performance is obtained.As the bainites in the substrate are all tiny and crisscross lath banites,the plasticity of steel is improved,and the elongation is about 19%.By means of a transmission electron micrograph(TEM),it is observed that there arc many tiny TiC precipitations and a few undissolved big TiC on the tiny balnite substrate.The tiny precipitations play the role of precipitation strengthening.
Research on Cooperation Modes of Promoting Scientific Research Achievements' Transformation of Rice Research Institute

Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences depended on scientific research, talent, technology, bases to solve the difficult problem of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements, and it took a series of relevant measures, such as encouraging the policy come out, selecting appropriate projects, cooperating with the scientific enterprise, protecting the patents and ‘Double hundred' action, to develop research achievements' transformational mode of the better applied rice.
Philosophy, Soul Music, and the Learning Community Blues: Making Philosophy of Education in Memphis, TN

...a thunderous collision of differing worlds; a clash whose outcome is the creation of a new world which we call a work of art. Technically, each piece comes to being just like the earth was made — from catastrophes which can produce, out of a cacophony of instruments, a symphony, which is called the music of the spheres. The creation of a work of art is the creation of a world. —Wassily Kandinsky, Ruckblicke3
The Revitalization of Market Liberalism

Writing in 1950, Lionel Trilling lamented that New Deal liberalism so dominated American political thought. Conservatism, he observed, offered only “irritable mental gestures” rather than sustained rigorous thought. Liberalism risked becoming “stale, habitual and inert.” To avoid this condition liberals would need to be their own critics.1
Schools and Terrorism: Global Trends, Impacts, and Lessons for Resilience

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes trends in the frequency and characteristics of terrorist attacks in child-serving educational institutions around the world, examining the specific vulnerabilies of children and schools with regard to terrorist violence, as well as the various impacts that violence has on children, communities, and societies. Following the analysis of available data on terrorist attacks against educational institutions, vulnerabilities, and impacts, the study concludes with a discussion of what still needs to be understood in the intersection of child vulnerability and terrorism, and provides recommendations for improving resilience to terrorist attacks against child-serving educational institutions.
Hidden-Hand Culture: The American System of Cultural Patronage

The basis for understanding public support for the arts in the USA is the absence of any precedent for direct national involvement (Larson 1983). This is not attributable to a simplistic view of American philistinism. Rather, the principles of limited government, hidden-hand economics, and dogmatic individualism constitute an explanatory framework. Furthermore, at least since the Jacksonian era, there has been a demonstrable resistance to any assertion of what would seem to constitute superior judgment. Consequently, the very notion of a public cultural policy would elicit strong objections as being at odds with the norms of democratic equality.
Role of Venous Outflow Obstruction and Venous Valvular Incompetence as Mechanisms for Venous Stasis Syndrome Following Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Abstract Background: Venous stasis syndrome (VSS) is a relatively common long-term sequelae of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although it frequently is noted in individuals with no prior history of DVT. Objective: To evaluate whether: (1) venous stasis syndrome (VSS) is associated with a prior history of DVT; (2a) venous outflow obstruction (VOO) and/or (2b) venous valvular incompetence (VVI) are associated with DVT; and (3) VSS is associated with VVI and/or VOO. Design: Case-control study nested within a population-based inception cohort study. Population: 230 residents of Olmstead County, MN (OCM) with a first lifetime VTE over the 25-year period, 1966 – 1990 (cases), and 135 age, gender and year of incident VTE-matched OCM residents without prior history of VTE (controls). Measurements: Physical examination and patient questionnaire for symptoms or signs of VSS, and strain gauge outflow plethysmography, continuous wave venous Doppler ultrasound, and passive venous drainage and refill testing for VOO and VVI performed between 1996 – 1998. Results: Of the 365 study participants, 43 (12%) had VOO, 136 (37%) had VVI, and 265 (73%) had VSS. In multivariate logistic regression analyses: (1) age at the follow-up visit [OR Δper 10 years: 1.70 (1.41, 2.04)], prior DVT in the affected limb [OR: 4.03 (2.32, 7.01)], and presence of prior varicose veins [OR: 4.36 (1.84, 10.31)] were significantly associated with VSS; (2a) age at the follow-up visit [OR Δper 10 years (95% CI): 1.84 (1.39, 2.44)] and prior DVT in the affected limb [OR: 5.01 (2.61, 9.63)] were significantly associated with VOO; (2b) prior DVT in the affected limb (OR: 3.91 (2.56, 5.97)], presence of prior varicose veins [OR: 2.19 (1.32, 3.63)] and symptoms of VSS prior to incident DVT [OR: 3.42 (1.46, 8.00)] significantly increased the odds for VVI; and (3) VOO (p=0.004) and VVI (p Conclusions: Prior DVT imparts an increased risk for subsequent VSS, likely due to VOO and/or VVI. The odds of VOO or VSS increases with age. Presence of varicose veins increases the odds for VVI and VSS. We speculate that the increased odds of left sided VOO, VVI and VSS in patients with prior DVT may be secondary to May-Thurner syndrome. The increased odds of VVI and VSS in the limb opposite to the one affected by prior DVT could reflect occult DVT in the test limb, inferior vena cava thrombosis, or other mechanisms leading for VVI and VSS.
Dispersive estimates for Schrödinger operators in the presence of a resonance and/or an eigenvalue at zero energy in dimension three: II

We investigate boundedness of the evolutione itH in the sense ofL 2(ℝ3→L 2(ℝ3) as well asL 1(ℝ3→L ∞(ℝ3) for the non-selfadjoint operator $$\mathcal{H} = \left[ \begin{gathered} - \Delta + \mu - V_1 \\ V_2 \\ \end{gathered} \right. \left. \begin{gathered} V_2 \\ \Delta - \mu + V_1 \\ \end{gathered} \right],$$ where μ>0 andV 1, V2 are real-valued decaying potentials. Such operators arise when linearizing a focusing NLS equation around a standing wave, and the aforementioned bounds are needed in the study of nonlinear asymptotic stability of such standing waves. We derive our results under some natural spectral assumptions (corresponding to a ground state soliton of NLS), see A1)–A4) below, but without imposing any restrictions on the edges±μ of the essential spectrum. Our goal is to develop an “axiomatic approach,” which frees the linear theory from any nonlinear context in which it may have arisen.
Viral surveillance using PCR during treatment of AML and ALL.

Background While viral surveillance of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus using PCR is routine in patients undergoing hematopoetic stem cell transplant and solid organ transplant, the utility in the nontransplant pediatric leukemia population is unknown. Our institution screens patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for viral DNAemia by PCR as part of clinical care. Procedure This retrospective chart review included patients treated for newly diagnosed or relapsed AML or ALL between April 2010 and September 2014. We retrieved data for viral PCR screening, detection and quantification, duration of positivity, and prophylaxis or treatment. Results One hundred eleven patients were included in analyses. Forty (36.0%) had at least one blood PCR positive for EBV, CMV, or adenovirus. Patients with ALL had significantly higher rates of persistent viral detection and treatment than those with AML (P < 0.02, P < 0.01, respectively). International patients had significantly higher rates of viral detection (P < 0.01), persistence (P < 0.01), any treatment (P < 0.03), and antiviral treatment (P < 0.01); 16.9% of patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylactically had viral detection compared to 63% of patients who did not receive prophylactic IVIG (P = 0.0008). Conclusions Patients with ALL were more susceptible than those with AML to viral reactivation that was persistent or resulted in treatment. Patients with relapsed ALL, refractory ALL, or infantile ALL are most likely to benefit from asymptomatic screening for CMV and adenovirus. International patients are at higher risk for reactivation and may merit screening. EBV reactivation was not significant and does not warrant screening.
Experimental Treatment Threshold for the Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Using Natural Enemies in Arkansas Cotton

The potential of an experimental threshold for reducing the number of insecticide applications for control of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, was demonstrated in cotton. A 3-yr field study...
Maternal Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Intensive Care Unit Admission during Delivery Hospitalization.

Objective We aim to quantify the impact of obesity on maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Materials and Methods This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study of Ohio live births from 2006 to 2012. The primary outcome was maternal ICU admission. The primary exposure was maternal body mass index (BMI). Relative risk (RR) of ICU admission was calculated by BMI category. Multivariate logistic regression quantified the risk of obesity on ICU admission after adjustment for coexisting factors. Results This study includes 999,437 births, with peripartum maternal ICU admission rate of 1.10 per 1,000. ICU admission rate for BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 was 1.24 per 1,000, RR: 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.35); BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 had ICU admission rate of 1.80 per 1,000, RR: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.17); and BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 had ICU admission rate of 2.98 per 1,000, RR: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.77, 4.68). After adjustment, these increases persisted in women with BMI 40 to 49.9 kg/m2 with adjusted relative risk (adjRR) of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.78) and in women with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2, adjRR: 1.69 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.83). Conclusion Obesity is a risk factor for maternal ICU admission. Risk increases with BMI. After adjustment, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor for ICU admission.
Medical Risks and Benefit of Pancreas Transplants from Living Related Donors

The rationale to perform transplants of any organ from living related donors (LRDs) rather than cadaver (Cad) donors is two-fold: there is a shortage of Cad donors for the number in need of a transplant, and the rejection rate will be less with grafts from LRDs. Either reason by itself will justify the use of LRDs, and for kidney transplants both pertain.
Laser Induced Breakdown and High Voltage Induced Vacuum Breakdown on Metal Surfaces

Breakdown and plasma formation on surfaces are fundamental processes in laser target interaction experiments as well as in other areas of pulsed power technology. The initial plasma formation on the surface of a laser irradiated metal target is very non-uniform. Micron-sized plasma spots form within nanoseconds. Quite similar, the initial plasma formation on the surface of a cathode of a vacuum arc, vacuum diode, and many other discharges is highly non-uniform. Micron-sized cathode spots form within nanoseconds. The concept of explosive electron emission from a cathode spot is well established in the literature. However, the details of the breakdown process were not well understood. Unipolar arcing represents a discharge form which easily leads to explosive plasma formation. Power dissipation for an unipolar arc is considerably higher than for field emitted or space charge limited current flow. Using a laser produced plasma it has been demonstrated that unipolar arcs ignite and burn on a nanosecond time scale without any external electric field being applied. Similar unipolar arc craters have now been observed on the cathode surface of a pulsed vacuum diode with an externally applied field of E=lMV/2.5 cm. The experimental results show that cathodes spots are formed by unipolar arcing. The localized build-up of plasma above an electron emitting spot naturally leads to a pressure gradient and electric field distribution which drives the unipolar arc. The high current density of an unipolar arc provides explosive plasma formation.
HMGB1 mediates cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors.

Severe sepsis, a syndrome that complicates infection and injury, affects 750,000 annually in the United States. The acute mortality rate is approximately 30%, but, strikingly, sepsis survivors have a significant disability burden: up to 25% of survivors are cognitively and physically impaired. To investigate the mechanisms underlying persistent cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors, here we developed a murine model of severe sepsis survivors following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to study cognitive impairments. We observed that serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a critical mediator of acute sepsis pathophysiology, are increased in sepsis survivors. Significantly, these levels remain elevated for at least 4 wks after CLP? Sepsis survivors develop significant, persistent impairments in learning and memory, and anatomic changes in the hippocampus associated with a loss of synaptic plasticity. Administration of neutralizing anti-HMGBl antibody to survivors, beginning 1 wk after onset of peritonitis, significantly improved memory impairments and brain pathology. Administration of recombinant HMGB1 to naive mice recapitulated the memory impairments. Together, these findings indicate that elevated HMGB1 levels mediate cognitive decline in sepsis survivors, and suggest that it may be possible to prevent or reverse cognitive impairments in sepsis survivors by administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies.
Organized ribosome-containing structural domains in axons.

Periaxoplasmic ribosomal plaques (PARPs) are systematically recurring ribosome-containing structural domains located in the F-actin-rich periphery of axoplasm in myelinated fibers. In contrast, endoaxoplasmic ribosomal plaques (EARPs) are small, oval-shaped ribosomal aggregate structures randomly dispersed within the axoplasm of unmyelinated squid giant axons. Ribosomes are attached to a superficial plaque-like structural matrix, which “caps” the domain at the outer cortical margin and appears fragmented in subcortical axoplasm. As such, the matrix represents a novel hallmark of PARP domains. Molecular markers concentrated in PARP domains include β-actin mRNA, ZBP-1, SRP54, myosin Va and kinesin II molecular motor proteins. Rapid axoplasmic transport of microinjected heterologous radiolabeled BC1 RNA to putative PARP domains, mediated pari passu by microtubule- and F-actin-dependent systems, suggests that translation machinery, anchored by the matrix could provide targeted destinations for RNA trafficking. As distributed local centers of protein synthesis along axons, PARPs are likely to share modes of expression in common with other translational subdomains in neurons.
The "Child" Grows Up: The Juvenile Justice System Enters Its Second Century

The juvenile court was a child of the last year of the nineteenth century and has celebrated its centennial during the final year of the twentieth century, but it is quite a different institution from what it was in its infancy as it enters the new millennium. This essay details the changes the juvenile court system has undergone during the century and summarizes the trends of the past decade. These have been in the direction of transforming juvenile court from a model that still resembled the rehabilitative model envisioned by is founders at the turn of the twentieth century into a criminalized institution that more closely resembles adult criminal court. The author suggests that the beginning point for any meaningful discussion of the broader directions for the juvenile and family court systems in the twenty-first century must be to secure a much greater emphasis on prevention and early intervention.
Response: Re: Evaluation of an Ongoing Diabetes Group Medical Visit in a Family Medicine Practice

To the Editor: We thank Steven Kaufman, MD; and Valerie S. Ganetsky, PharmD, BCPS and for their response to our article[1][1] evaluating a diabetes group medical visit (GMV) and for sharing their experience implementing a diabetes shared medical appointment (SMA). We applaud their implementation of
Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation: A Hospice Perspective for the Intensivist:

The intensive care unit (ICU) and hospice inpatient unit (IPU) environments differ in many ways. Although both endeavor to provide the best care possible for their patients, the day-to-day goals of these environments are almost antithetical. Similarly, the experiences and expertise of the staff differ. When performing a similar clinical task, it may be addressed in different ways because each group is engrained in their primary day-to-day focus. Terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is a procedure that is performed in both ICUs and some hospice IPUs. Previous examinations of this subject have been based largely upon the correlative background, practices, and perceptions of the ICU prescriber. The purpose of this review is to examine how the manner in which this procedure is performed in the hospice environment may differ in ways that the intensivist can incorporate into their own plan of care, or better appreciate when making the decision to remove mechanical ventilation in the critical care unit or transfer the patient to a hospice environment for the procedure to be completed.
Smart Service-Aware Wireless Mixed-Area Networks

Smart services such as smart home, smart grid, smart transportation, and so on, are enabled with advanced communications networks, data analysis and control. However, challenges exist in designing a supporting network with optimal resource management while achieving quality- of-experience for a smart service. In this article, we propose a unified SA-WMN architecture that can be applied to different smart services. The core of the SA-WMN architecture is a smart service-aware network controller. The mega network controller has a service adaptation module, network cognition module and resource provisioning module that can achieve cost-effective wireless-mixed area network deployment, and efficient network resource management of SA-WMN. The proposed SA-WMN architecture is expected to close the gap on wireless network design, improve energy efficiency and enhance spectrum efficiency and access, in a smart service- aware paradigm. It will pave the way for realizing next-generation wireless network based smart services.
Finding patterns in subsurface using Bayesian machine learning approach

Abstract Stochastic simulation approaches and uncertainty quantification are usually adopted for gaining insight into variability in soil stratigraphy configurations. Previous investigations at geotechnical site characterization and interpretation can be broadly categorized into geostatistics- and process-based methods. On the other hand, modern site exploration techniques provide high-quality, dense datasets in physical spaces with high resolution, either directly from sensors (for example, cone penetration testing data) or indirectly from geophysical inversion (such as seismic inversion, electromagnetic induction inversion, and ground penetrating radar). In this work, anisotropy and heterogeneity are considered as possible patterns that inherently exist in the observations, and these are inferred and described in a Bayesian manner. To this end, a Bayesian machine learning approach is employed to extract these patterns from the original or interpreted data. The patterns are divided into two parts: spatial and statistical patterns. These patterns are considered as the “hidden link” among multiple spatial datasets. The proposed modeling method is demonstrated using a real-world, one-dimensional example as well as two two-dimensional numerical examples. It is revealed that the proposed clustering approach is a promising tool for subsurface modeling and pattern extraction.
A Data Colocation Grid Framework for Big Data Medical Image Processing: Backend Design.

When processing large medical imaging studies, adopting high performance grid computing resources rapidly becomes important. We recently presented a "medical image processing-as-a-service" grid framework that offers promise in utilizing the Apache Hadoop ecosystem and HBase for data colocation by moving computation close to medical image storage. However, the framework has not yet proven to be easy to use in a heterogeneous hardware environment. Furthermore, the system has not yet validated when considering variety of multi-level analysis in medical imaging. Our target design criteria are (1) improving the framework's performance in a heterogeneous cluster, (2) performing population based summary statistics on large datasets, and (3) introducing a table design scheme for rapid NoSQL query. In this paper, we present a heuristic backend interface application program interface (API) design for Hadoop & HBase for Medical Image Processing (HadoopBase-MIP). The API includes: Upload, Retrieve, Remove, Load balancer (for heterogeneous cluster) and MapReduce templates. A dataset summary statistic model is discussed and implemented by MapReduce paradigm. We introduce a HBase table scheme for fast data query to better utilize the MapReduce model. Briefly, 5153 T1 images were retrieved from a university secure, shared web database and used to empirically access an in-house grid with 224 heterogeneous CPU cores. Three empirical experiments results are presented and discussed: (1) load balancer wall-time improvement of 1.5-fold compared with a framework with built-in data allocation strategy, (2) a summary statistic model is empirically verified on grid framework and is compared with the cluster when deployed with a standard Sun Grid Engine (SGE), which reduces 8-fold of wall clock time and 14-fold of resource time, and (3) the proposed HBase table scheme improves MapReduce computation with 7 fold reduction of wall time compare with a naive scheme when datasets are relative small. The source code and interfaces have been made publicly available.
Affective exploitation of tone in Taiwanese: an acoustical study of “tone latitude”

Our previous research on the acoustical features associated with affective prosody suggested that speakers of Taiwanese might utilize the allowed imprecision in the phonetic realization of lexical tones ("tone latitude") for affective signalling. In this paper, we explore this hypothesis further, using four measurements of the fundamental frequency contours associated with tones produced by controls and right-brain-damaged patients on an affective repetition task. The measures were average Fo over the tone, initial F0, F0 slope, and duration. The results strongly support the existence of tone latitude in Taiwanese speech and its manipulation for affective purposes; there was a wide range of values for each measure for at least one tone in the sentence across the affectively different repetitions produced by the normals. Moreover, the total range of variation across the renditions was substantially smaller in the productions by the right-brain-damaged patients by comparison to these normal controls. The results thus also provide further evidence for the differential lateralization of the affective and linguistic aspects of language to the right and left hemispheres of the brain, respectively.
Analysis and Comparison of Timbral Audio Descriptors with Traditional Audio Descriptors Used in Automatic Tabla Bol Identification of North Indian Classical Music

Sound information retrieval (SIR) is one of the challenging and most upcoming research areas of interest nowaday. Music information retrieval (MIR) is sub-branch of SIR that deals with information retrieval and processing of music. Traditionally, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCC) are popular audio feature extraction techniques that emulate the human auditory system. Timbre is a non-tangible fourth dimension of an audio signal along with loudness (amplitude), duration (time) and pitch (frequency). Timbre is itself a multi-dimensional feature of sound. There exist various ways to define Timbre. In this paper, we have analyzed and compared utility of Timbral audio descriptors in identification of Tabla (A rhythm musical instrument used in North Indian Classical Music) strokes (Bols). Fifteen basic Tabla strokes (Bols) with 20 samples per stroke were used as audio input. The features using MFCC, LPCC, Timbre without MFCC, Timbre with MFCC and spectral features were extracted and passed to K-Means, K-nearest neighbor and Multiclass Support Vector Machine classifiers. The result proves that Timbral audio descriptors if are combined with MFCC features produce higher Tabla Bol identification accuracy of 91.2% when multiclass SVM is used as a classifier.