cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barbed Sutures for Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery : Indications and Techniques

This article describes the indications and techniques related to the use of barbed sutures in facial aesthetic plastic surgery. The principle applications for barbed sutures in facial aesthetic plastic surgery are those involving lifts of the brow, midface, and the lower face and neck. Usually all three areas require surgical maneuvers to create a harmonious rejuvenation. Regardless of where in the face bidirectional barbed sutures are planned, five essential steps are needed: (1) making the incision or incisions, (2) dissecting soft tissue, (3) proximal anchoring, (4) deploying threads, and (5) molding soft tissue.
What's Wrong with This Picture? Urban Sprawl

Has your city “Paved paradise, and put up a parking lot?” The words from this song seem to describe what most American cities did over the past half century: Not only did cities increase in populat...
Parameter optimization of stochastic automata operating in random environments

Two methods of determining the lower bounds of the rate of convergence of finite stochastic automata are presented. The rate of convergence, defined as the percentage decrease in the distance between the transient probability distribution and the equilibrium probability distribution in each step, is determined as a function of the probability transition matrix. Formulas for parameter optimization for a class of stochastic automata for fast convergence and maximum expediency are derived and illustrative examples of fourth-order systems are given.
Projections of Power, by Robert Entman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 229 pp. $40 cloth.

Projections of Power is a major contribution to the study of framing, news, and power. It reflects Entman's long-time concern that the scholarly study of framing proliferates without adequate defin...
Pattern alternation and pattern erasure in a swept-cavity photorefractive oscillator

The peak power emitted from a photorefractive oscillator over one free spectral range of the cavity decreases monotonically with the rate of cavity detuning, offering a dynamical measure of the characteristic grating formation/dissipation rate.
Subject and citizen

The literature on the history of human rights recognises the long hiatus between the rights of man and citizen language articulated in the American and French Revolutions and the pronouncements contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This essay contributes to the understanding of this period by locating a transnational voice of protest in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This protest argued for immediate civil and political rights for African peoples in the British Empire and in the United States as promised by the Anglo-American liberal tradition. While this protest encountered significant obstacles and did not immediately change behaviours, it augmented older protests based primarily on religion and, thus, contributed to the discourse of modern human rights.
NO reduction by CH4 over rare earth oxides

Abstract NO reduction by methane was studied between 773 and 973 K. All the REO catalysts tested were active for this reaction in both the absence and presence of O2. Activities increased continuously with reaction temperature and no deactivation or bend-over was observed at high temperatures except for Sm2O3, over which complete combustion of CH4 occurred in the presence of O2. The specific activities for NO reduction to N2by CH4 were higher than those for NO decomposition, showing that CH4 enhances NO conversion. CH4 reduction of NO gave selectivities to N2 that were near 100% for all the catalysts except Sr/La2O3, Sm2O3 and Sr/Sm2O3, over which 5–20% N2O was formed. Except for CeO2, the presence of O2 promoted the rate of NO conversion to N2. Overall, Sr/La2O3 had the highest specific activity for NO reduction by CH4 in either the absence or presence of O2, with respective values of 4.6 × 10−3 and 13 × 10−3 μmole N2/s/m2 at 773 K. Turnover frequencies (TOFs) under these two sets of conditions, based on NO adsorption at 300 K, were 0.78 × 10−3s−1 and 2.3 × 10−3s−1, respectively. Activation energies fell between 22–32 kcal/mole for all the REOs. The best REO catalysts correlated with those best for the oxidative coupling of methane. On either a specific activity or a TOF basis, the best REO catalysts were comparable to Co-ZSM-5.
Multivariate Probabilistic Collocation Method for Effective Uncertainty Evaluation With Application to Air Traffic Flow Management

Modern large-scale infrastructure systems have typical complicated structure and dynamics, and extensive simulations are required to evaluate their performance. The probabilistic collocation method (PCM) has been developed to effectively simulate a system's performance under parametric uncertainty. In particular, it allows reduced-order representation of the mapping between uncertain parameters and system performance measures/outputs, using only a limited number of simulations; the resultant representation of the original system is provably accurate over the likely range of parameter values. In this paper, we extend the formal analysis of single-variable PCM to the multivariate case, where multiple uncertain parameters may or may not be independent. Specifically, we provide conditions that permit multivariate PCM to precisely predict the mean of original system output. We also explore additional capabilities of the multivariate PCM, in terms of cross-statistics prediction, relation to the minimum mean-square estimator, computational feasibility for large dimensional parameter sets, and sample-based approximation of the solution. At the end of the paper, we demonstrate the application of multivariate PCM in evaluating air traffic system performance under weather uncertainties.
(+)‐[3H]MK‐801 Binding Sites in Postmortem Human Brain

The pharmacological specificity and the regional distribution of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5, 10-imine maleate (MK-801) binding sites in human postmortem brain tissue were determined by binding studies using (+)-[3H]MK-801. Scatchard analysis revealed a high-affinity (KD= 0.9 ± 0.2 nM, Bmax= 499 ± 33 fmol/mg of protein) and a low-affinity (KD= 3.6 ± 0.9 nM, Bmax= 194 ± 44 fmol/ mg of protein) binding site. The high-affinity site showed a different regional distribution of receptor density (cortex > hippocampus > striatum) compared to the low-affinity binding site (cerebellum > brainstem). The rank order pharmacological specificity and stereoselectivity of the high-(cortex) and low-(cerebellar) affinity binding sites were identical. However, all compounds tested showed greater potency at the high-affinity site in cortex. The results indicate that (+)[3H]MK-801 binding in human postmortem brain tissue shows pharmacological and regional specificity.
Nanocomposite Gel Electrolytes Based on Fumed Silica for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanocomposite gel electrolytes based on silica particles dispersed in lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (LiBETI) salt + mixed-carbonate solvent are examined as an electrolyte system for a lithium-ion battery. Gel behavior is observed with both hydrophilic (A200) and hydrophobic (R805) fumed silicas. The silica nanoparticles affect a small decrease in conductivity but increase mechanical strength significantly (elastic modulus ∼10 5 Pa). Chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry results show that an Al current collector is stable in 1 M LiBETI carbonates up to ∼5 V. Cycling Li(Ni)/electrolyte/Li cells shows that silica nanoparticles improve the coulombic efficiency and interfacial stability in the order: 10% R805 LiBETI gel > LiBETI liquid > LiPF 6 liquid. Cycling Li/LiFePO 4 cells shows that both liquid and 10% R805 gel electrolytes provide good capacity and cycle performance, but the average charge/discharge voltages for the latter are more stable. Both Li/LiMn 2 O 4 and Li/graphite cells have less capacity fade using LiBETI than LiPF 6 electrolyte. The gel electrolyte provides better cycle performance than its liquid counterpart because of its increased interfacial stability due to improved rheology and ability to scavenge residual moisture. Silica-based LiBETI carbonate nanocomposite gel electrolytes appear to be a promising candidate for lithium-ion batteries.
FleQ, the Major Flagellar Gene Regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Binds to Enhancer Sites Located Either Upstream or Atypically Downstream of the RpoN Binding Site

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flagellar genes are regulated in a cascade headed by FleQ, an NtrC/NifA-type activator. FleQ and RpoN positively regulate expression of flhA, fliE, fliL, and fleSR genes, among others. Direct interaction of FleQ with flhA, fliE, fliL, and fleSR promoters was demonstrated by gel shift assay, along with experiments to conclusively determine the specificity of its binding. DNase I footprinting was performed to determine the FleQ binding sites on flhA, fliE, fliL, and fleSR promoters. No sequence conservation among these binding sites was observed. Primer extension analysis revealed the transcription start sites (TSSs) to be localized above the FleQ binding sites in flhA, fliE, and fliL promoters. Analysis of the above data revealed FleQ binding to be in the leader sequence of these promoters, whereas FleQ binding was 67 bp upstream of the TSS in the fleSR promoter. Mutagenesis of the FleQ binding site in the flhA promoter confirmed its functionality in vivo. Deletion of the flhA promoter upstream of the RNA polymerase binding site did not result in a significant loss of promoter activity. These results point to two modes of regulation by an NtrC-type regulator in the flagellar hierarchy in P. aeruginosa, the first being the typical model of activation from a distance via looping in the fleSR promoter and the second involving flhA, fliE, and fliL promoters, where FleQ binds in the downstream vicinity of the promoter and activates transcription without looping.
Use of swept volumes in the design of interference free spatial mechanisms

Abstract Geometric modeling of a moving object (a generator) depends on two factors: its geometry and motion characteristics. The resulting model is commonly called the swept volume. In this study, geometries of the generators are represented by natural quadric surfaces (planes, circular cylinders, circular cones and spheres). Meanwhile, the instantaneous screw axis is used to describe the sweep motion of the generators and to aid the construction of their swept volumes. A closed formed solution to determine the points on the boundary of a swept volume at a specific time is developed for each of the generators. A point set which contains these points is called the characteristic curve. The final swept volume of a generator is a faceted model from a set of characteristic curves at different time steps over a time domain within which it moves. In this paper, the application of swept volumes in the geometric design of spatial mechanisms is discussed.
Strengthening the case for recycling photovoltaics: An energy payback analysis

Abstract The energy payback time (EPBT) of photovoltaic materials when recycled is analyzed. In particular we are interested in under what conditions recycling yields energy payback improvements equivalent to efficiency. The sensitivity to dynamic variables such as composition, efficiency, and recycling rate is also evaluated. We found that, in general, for all technologies, as the efficiency increases, EPBT savings from recycling decreases at a decreasing rate. This result suggests that greater EPBT savings are obtained for low efficiency module recycling, especially when considering framed modules whose aluminum materials make up between 50% and 70% of the embodied energy. Solar PV technologies have exponentially increasing production suggesting an equally growing future waste stream. No policy currently exists in the US for end-of-life management, collection, or recycling. This study demonstrates the potential opportunity for energy savings from recycling and pinpoints metrics that would be important to such a policy.
Use of Plasticity Theory in Flexible Multibody System Dynamics

The objective of this investigation is to develop a general nonlinear finite deformation formulation for the elastic-plastic analysis of flexible multibody systems. The Lagrangian plasticity theory based on J2 flow theory is used to account for the effect of plasticity in flexible multibody dynamics. In addition, it is demonstrated that the principle of objectivity that is an issue when existing finite element formulations using ratetype constitutive equations are used can be fully satisfied when the stress and strain rate are directly calculated in the Lagrangian descriptions using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation employed in this investigation. This is attributed to the fact that, in the finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation, the position vector gradients can completely define the state of rotation and deformation within the element. As a consequence, the numerical algorithm used to determine the plastic deformations such as the Radial Return Algorithm becomes much simpler when the absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used as compared to existing finite element formulations that employ incrementally objective algorithms. Several numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate the use of the formulations presented in the paper.© 2003 ASME
Electron Correlation Effects in Nonresonant Multiphoton Ionization Processes

The role of electron correlations in nonresonant multiphoton processes of atoms is presented. The evidence for the validity of a lowest order perturbation theory (LOPT) approach for the laser field in the case of nonresonant processes is sketched. The growing consensus for a LOPT interpretation of even the multiply-charged ion spectra obtained with high intensity lasers is reviewed. Finally, a review of those specific electron correlation processes within LOPT that are important for the quantitative prediction of two-photon ionization cross sections is presented and some of their effects on calculated generalized cross sections are exhibited.
Feedback control of birth and death rates for optimal population density

The logistic equation of Verhulst, NdotN = r[(KN)/K]N, leads to a solution in which the maximum potential rate of increase r is effectively reduced as N approaches the maximum sustainable density K. Here, we begin with NdotN = RN for a single population, and let R be subject to feedback from N relative to some optimal density K such that NdotR = m[(KN)/K]R, resulting in a solution similar to that of Verhulst. Subsequently, R is partitioned into birth rate b and death rate d, each subject to feedback control in terms of N and K. The solution is periodic. Finally, birth and death rates in predator-prey systems are treated accordingly. If optimal densities are near the equilibrium values at steady-state, behavior of a one prey-one predator system is virtually unchanged; however, if not near equilibrium solutions are radically different. Efficiency of prey use by predators in modified Lotka-Volterra systems must meet stringent conditions for neutral stability of three or more populations. Adding feedback relaxes these conditions.
Comparative assessment of herbicide and fungicide runoff risk: A case study for peanut production in the Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA)

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is produced intensively in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern USA. To effectively protect the region's water quality data are needed which quantify runoff of pesticides used to protect these crops. Fungicides are used intensively yet there is little published data which describe their potential for loss in surface runoff. This study compared runoff of a fungicide, tebuconazole (α-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), and an herbicide, metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide) from 0.2 ha fields in strip (ST), a commonly used conservation-tillage practice, and conventional tillage (CT) near Tifton, GA (USA). Following their first application, metolachlor and tebuconazole were detected at high frequency in runoff. Concentrations and their annual losses increased with application frequency and runoff event timing and frequency with respect to applications, and when fields were positioned at the top of the slope and CT was practiced. Runoff one day after treatment (DAT) contributed to high tebuconazole runoff loss, up to 9.8% of the amount applied on an annual basis. In all cases, metolachlor loss was more than 10 times less even though total application was 45% higher. This was linked to the fact that the one metolachlor application to each crop was in May, one of the region's driest months. In sum, studies showed that fungicide runoff rates may be relatively high and emphasize the need to focus on these products in future studies on peanut and other crops. The study also showed that peanut farmers should be encouraged to use conservation tillage practices like ST which can substantially reduce pesticide runoff.
Calculation of Airflow Over an Arbitrary Ridge Including Diabatic Heating and Cooling.

Abstract A new theoretical approach to mountain flow is presented. The boundary value problem of stratified flow over a high ridge of arbitrary shape is solved by an iterative scheme using integral equations. The dynamical effects of boundary layer heating and cooling are also obtained. The shape as well as the size of a ridge is shown to be of importance for the resulting flow. The gross effect of boundary layer heating over the ridge is to dampen the perturbation in the airflow, while cooling has the reverse effect.
Mitochondrial ATP Synthasome CRISTAE-ENRICHED MEMBRANES AND A MULTIWELL DETERGENT SCREENING ASSAY YIELD DISPERSED SINGLE COMPLEXES CONTAINING THE ATP SYNTHASE AND CARRIERS FOR Pi AND ADP/ATP

The terminal step of ATP synthesis in intact mitochondria is catalyzed by the ATP synthase (F(0)F(1)) that works in close synchrony with the P(i) and ADP/ATP carriers. Each carrier consists of only a single polypeptide chain in dimeric form, while the ATP synthase is highly complex consisting in animals of 17 known subunit types and more than 30 total subunits. Although structures at high resolution have been obtained for the water-soluble F(1) part of the ATP synthase consisting of only five subunit types, such structures have not been obtained for either the complete ATP synthase or the P(i) and ADP/ATP carriers. Here, we report that all three proteins are localized in highly purified cristae-like vesicles obtained by extensive subfractionation of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Moreover, using a multiwell detergent screening assay, 4 nonionic detergents out of 80 tested were found to disperse these cristae-like vesicles into single soluble complexes or "ATP synthasomes" that contain the ATP synthase in association with the P(i) and ADP/ATP carriers. These studies offer new mechanistic insights into the terminal steps of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and set the stage for future structural efforts designed to visualize in atomic detail the entire complex involved. They also provide evidence that the cristae are a subcompartment of the inner membrane.
Medical Management of Postobstructive Polyuria

Sir.—Obstructive uropathy can be complicated by a defect in urinary concentrating ability that results in marked losses of water and electrolytes after relief of the obstruction. We describe a neonate with posterior urethral valves who had a marked postobstructive diuresis. Hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin were used to prevent dehydration. The defect in urine concentration and polyuria recurred on discontinuation of indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide therapy, but improved after therapy with both drugs was restarted. Patient Report.—A 6-day-old neonate was admitted for evaluation of abdominal distention, decreased urine output, swelling of the penis and scrotum, and poor feeding, which began 1 day before admission to the hospital. He was born at 37 weeks' gestation by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery after normal pregnancy and labor. He was discharged from the hospital at age 2 days. Results of physical examination showed marked distention and tenderness of the abdomen, with swelling of the penis
Postnatal development of the oviduct of intact and ovariectomized rabbits.

The length of the oviduct, the thickness of its wall, and the height of its mucosal epithelium and cilia were measured in (a) 0-, 2-, 4- and six-month-old rabbits, (b) rabbits ovariectomized at birth and (c) ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rabbits. The length and external diameter of the oviduct increased progressively until four months of age, after which their rates of increase declined. The thickness of the oviductal wall at the uterotubal junction was twice as large as that of the isthmus at two months of age and six times as large at four and six months of age. The height of the mucosal epithelium in the fimbriae was less than that in other oviductal segments at birth, but exceeded that in other segments at six months of age. Ciliated cells and motile cilia were absent 24 hours after birth; they were first observed two months after birth. The cilia of fimbriae were shorter than cilia elsewhere in the oviduct. Neonatal ovariectomy retarded the development of the oviduct and the mesotubarium and caused pyknosis of ciliated and non-ciliated cells of the oviductal mucosa. Cells with scarcely motile cilia were present five and one-half months after neonatal ovariectomy.
Loss of Rad52 partially rescues tumorigenesis and T-cell maturation in Atm-deficient mice

Loss of Rad52 partially rescues tumorigenesis and T-cell maturation in Atm -deficient mice
Implementing Collaborative Learning Methods in the Political Science Classroom

Collaborative learning is one, among other, active learning methods, widely acclaimed in higher education. Consequently, instructors in fields that lack pedagogical training often implement new learning methods such as collaborative learning on the basis of trial and error. Moreover, even though the benefits in academic circles are broadly touted, students can be reluctant to embrace collaborative learning because of negative past experiences and because of common misconceptions related to working in groups (Hillyard, Gillespie, and Littig 2010). The purpose of this article is to compare and to contrast collaborative learning in two political science courses to illustrate that if implemented according to best practice, students perceive collaborative learning as an effective learning tool though challenges remain.
Mental imagery for a conversational robot

To build robots that engage in fluid face-to-face spoken conversations with people, robots must have ways to connect what they say to what they see. A critical aspect of how language connects to vision is that language encodes points of view. The meaning of my left and your left differs due to an implied shift of visual perspective. The connection of language to vision also relies on object permanence. We can talk about things that are not in view. For a robot to participate in situated spoken dialog, it must have the capacity to imagine shifts of perspective, and it must maintain object permanence. We present a set of representations and procedures that enable a robotic manipulator to maintain a "mental model" of its physical environment by coupling active vision to physical simulation. Within this model, "imagined" views can be generated from arbitrary perspectives, providing the basis for situated language comprehension and production. An initial application of mental imagery for spatial language understanding for an interactive robot is described.
Exact solutions for a magnetic breakdown model

Abstract Numerical solutions are obtained for a model Hamiltonian which exhibits the phenomena of magnetic breakdown. The Hamiltonian is based on the k · p perturbation method and hence is not restricted to the free-electron approximation. The electron trajectories in k -space corresponding to this model are two closed orbits: for low magnetic fields one is within the other; for high fields they are two intersecting elliptical orbits. Magnetic energy levels are calculated as a function of the energy gap and are found to evolve from degenerate equally spaced levels for very small gaps to levels with different spacings determined by the zero-field orbits for larger gaps. The behavior in the intermediate region is compatible with the expression for the breakdown probability derived by several authors. Fourier analysis of the density of states exhibits the frequencies that would be observed in the de Haas-van Alphen effect. An approximate method due to Pippard is applied to this model and yields results which are in good agreement with the exact results when the effect of the energy gap on the geometry of the orbits is negligible.
Direct Quadrature Method of Moments Solution of Fokker-Planck Equations in Aeroelasticity

The direct quadrature method of moments is presented as an efficient and accurate means of numerically computing solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation. The theoretical details of the solution procedure are first presented. The method is then used to solve the Fokker–Planck equations for both one- and two-dimensional processes that possess nonlinear stochastic differential equations. Higher-order moments of the stationary solutions are computed and prove to be very accurate when compared with analytic (one-dimensional process) and Monte Carlo (two-dimensional process) solutions. Trends in the standard deviation and coefficient of kurtosis with respecttotheadditivenoiselevelandbifurcationparameterarereportedforwhatappearstobethe firsttimeforthe saddle-node/subcritical Hopf bifucation problem. The deterministic form of this problem exhibits hysteresis, which is often a phenomenon present in more-complex nonlinear aeroelastic systems. Finally, statistical results are shown for a typical section airfoil with nonlinear stiffness subjected to random aerodynamic loading. The constants for the nonlinear stiffness are chosen such that the deterministic behavior exhibits both a saddle-node and subcritcal bifurcation. Standard deviation results computed using the direct quadrature method of moments for a reduced frequency below the deterministic saddle-node bifurcation point compare well with Monte Carlo results.
Where Is Cognition? Emotion and Cognition in Second Language Acquisition.

This paper argues that the brain is the seat of cognition, that cognitive processes are neural processes, and that, in the brain, affect and cognition are distinguishable but inseparable. This perspective allows a reconceptualization of the affective filter in terms of the brain's stimulus appraisal system, which interacts with cognition to promote or inhibit second language acquisition. A research strategy is proposed for investigating these ideas.
Plane partitions (III): The weak Macdonald conjecture

Thus the plane partitions of 3 are 3, 21, 2, 111, 11, 1 1 1 1 1. There are some well-known theorems and open questions related to plane partitions in which the number of rows and columns and the size of the parts is restricted. I.G. Macdonald [10] has devised a notation that allows a uniform consideration of these questions. First one considers the "Ferrers graph" D(zr) of a plane partition ~; this is the set of integer points (i,j, k) in the first octant that satisfy l < k < a i j . Next define the height of p=(i,j, k) to be ht(p)=i+j+k-2. Defining ~l . . . . =[1, 1] x [1, m] x [1, n] ~TZ 3, (1.1)
An education initiative to increase staff knowledge of Institutional Review Board guidelines in the USA

Health-care professionals and researchers often lack a clear understanding of the role and function of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and few have received formal education regarding IRB guidelines, policies, and procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop an initiative to educate staff concerning fundamental IRB guidelines and to assess the retention of the information from the educational intervention with a pretest and post-test. Using a descriptive survey design, 643 professional staff were contacted by email and asked to complete an online survey. Thereafter, staff received a "10 Second IRB Update" every 2 weeks for 6 months, after which the initial survey was repeated. Although there was a slight improvement in the pretest/post-test scores for some groups, no statistically significant differences were seen. Anecdotally, staff expressed enthusiasm about the initiative, stating the updates were very effective and a great teaching tool. The findings emphasize the need to continue to explore creative approaches to education regarding IRB policies and procedures.
American Diabetes Association 60th Scientific Sessions, 2000. Nephropathy.

This is the fifth in a continuing series of articles on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 60th Scientific Sessions held in San Antonio, Texas, in June 2000. It covers topics related to nephropathy. ### Hypertension and Nephropathy A number of studies presented at the meeting gave insight into clinical and pathophysiological aspects of hypertension and nephropathy in patients with diabetes. Tarver-Carr et al. (abstract 783) reported 16-year follow-up analysis of 9,250 adults aged 30–74 in 1976–1980 who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). A total of 46 end-stage renal disease cases developed in the 521 diabetic adults, whereas 142 cases developed in those without type 2 diabetes at baseline, with cumulative incidence by age 75 of 7 vs. 3% among men and 8 vs. 0.8% among women with and without diabetes. For type 1 diabetes, Schultz and colleagues (abstracts 652 and 653) analyzed 511 patients developing diabetes before age 16 and followed for a median of 6 years. Of the patients, 63 developed microalbuminuria, showing both higher baseline albuminuria and a correlation of mean HbA1c with the rate of increase of albuminuria, which also increased at a higher rate after onset of puberty. The risk of developing microalbuminuria was doubled for female patients, tripled after onset of puberty, and increased 36% for every 1% increase in HbA1c. Tabak and Orchard (abstract 658) reported greater baseline albuminuria, higher HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, conventional treatment, younger age, male sex, and lower HDL cholesterol in females to be significant predictors of the development of microalbuminuria among 1,367 patients with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) who were initially normoalbuminuric. Thus, glycemia is an important explanation of diabetic nephropathy, but other factors must play a role in determining susceptibility. Brown et al. …
TRAIT SYNERGISMS AND THE RARITY, EXTIRPATION, AND EXTINCTION RISK OF DESERT FISHES

Understanding the causes and consequences of species extinctions is a central goal in ecology. Faced with the difficult task of identifying those species with the greatest need for conservation, ecologists have turned to using predictive suites of ecological and life-history traits to provide reasonable estimates of species extinction risk. Previous studies have linked individual traits to extinction risk, yet the nonadditive contribution of multiple traits to the entire extinction process, from species rarity to local extirpation to global extinction, has not been examined. This study asks whether trait synergisms predispose native fishes of the Lower Colorado River Basin (USA) to risk of extinction through their effects on rarity and local extirpation and their vulnerability to different sources of threat. Fish species with "slow" life histories (e.g., large body size, long life, and delayed maturity), minimal parental care to offspring, and specialized feeding behaviors are associated with smaller geographic distribution, greater frequency of local extirpation, and higher perceived extinction risk than that expected by simple additive effects of traits in combination. This supports the notion that trait synergisms increase the susceptibility of native fishes to multiple stages of the extinction process, thus making them prone to the multiple jeopardies resulting from a combination of fewer individuals, narrow environmental tolerances, and long recovery times following environmental change. Given that particular traits, some acting in concert, may differentially predispose native fishes to rarity, extirpation, and extinction, we suggest that management efforts in the Lower Colorado River Basin should be congruent with the life-history requirements of multiple species over large spatial and temporal scales.
O significante “Israel” na novelística de Moacyr Scliar: a batalha por Jerusalém numa rua portuária do Brasil

A presenca de Israel e tangencial nas letras judaicas latino-americanas; Israel quase nao e o cenario onde se desenvolve a acao, senao um significante evocado. Israel e uma variavel lexica que aceita uma multiplicidade de possibilidades significativas que podem ser representadas como uma interacao entre as dimensoes temporal e espacial, projetando assim diferentes ordens simbolicas. Este trabalho examina a presenca do significante “Israel” no romance autobiografico Os Voluntarios (1979) de Moacyr Scliar como elemento que cumpre uma funcao na construcao identitaria judaica e na configuracao da trama. Analisam-se diferentes representacoes desse significante no texto, cuja enunciacao integra uma articulacao da alteridade, indaga na memoria, e questiona a ideia do nacional. The signifier “Israel” in the novels of Moacyr Scliar: the battle for Jerusalem in a port street in Brazil - Abstract: Israel tends to be only tangentially present in Jewish Latin American fiction; while it is almost never where the story takes place, it may appear as an evoked signifier, denoting a great variety of meanings that can be represented as an interaction between its temporal and spatial dimensions, projecting different symbolic orders. This work examines the presence of Israel in Moacyr Scliar’s autobiographical novel The Volunteers (1979) as an element that plays a role in the construction of Jewish identity and in the configuration of the story. It also analyzes different representations of this signifier in the novel, whose enunciation articulates otherness and difference, explores memory, and questions the idea of nation.
Whose Who in the Psychoanalytic Situation: Subject, Object, and Enactment in the Relational and Contemporary Kleinian Traditions

The concept of enactment, although it has probably has become an overused term in the Relational literature, is a relatively new one for the Contemporary Kleinians of London. In explicating and synthesizing these different theoretical perspectives (Relational and Contemporary Kleinians), the author's primary focus is to tackle the notion of subject and object, in the context of enactment. The author first delineates the relationship between reality and fantasy, and each theory's notion of enactment. In doing so, the author shows how these differing theories and their related notion of therapeutic action inform the kind of object the analyst sees himself or herself as. The author also addresses the technical implications related to the consequences that arise for the analyst as an object of the patient's transferences and projections, including how the analyst extricates himself or herself from the enactment. Two previously published vignettes are used for the purpose of comparison. The author argues for a...
Ketamine’s Antidepressant Efficacy is Extended for at Least Four Weeks in Subjects with a Family History of an Alcohol Use Disorder

Background: A single subanesthetic infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid and potent antidepressant properties in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD). As a family history of an alcohol use disorder is a positive predictor of ketamine’s antidepressant response and the strength of the association increases over time, we hypothesized that depressed subjects with a family history of an alcohol use disorder would have greater antidepressant durability and that riluzole would augment and/or extend ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy.
The influence of social media on fan reactionary behaviors

This paper explores the influence of social media on fan expression related to sport.We tested hypotheses derived from social identity theory and impression management theory.A quasi-experimental survey of 630 assessed sports-related posting across posting conditions.Fans high in team identification were the heaviest users of social media for sports expression. This study explores the influence of social media on social identity demonstration in the domain of fan reactionary behavior, specifically the medium's interaction with public fan expression behaviors and the types of behaviors that are typically exuded. Social identity theory and concepts of impression management were used to inform a multidimensional perspective that can help advance our understanding of sport-related social network posting behavior. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, a sample of 630 fans was surveyed about their sports-related posting across varying posting conditions. Results suggest that SNSs allow fans to express their status as members of certain groups and provide an additional dimension to social media uses and gratifications via a form of social identity demonstration. Fans high in team identification were found to be the heaviest users of social media for sports expression. SNSs, thus, serve as an accessible resource for fans to remain behaviorally active with sport consumption.
Cochlear Implantation in the Setting of Perioperative Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy

ObjectiveTo describe surgical outcomes and perioperative complications in patients taking antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications while undergoing cochlear implantation.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTwo tertiary otologic referral center.Subjects and MethodsForty-six adult patients (2005-2014) who underwent cochlear implantation while on perioperative antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy without interruption. Outcomes included estimated intraoperative blood loss, perception of increased difficulty secondary to bleeding, and postoperative complications attributable to continuing anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.ResultsThe cases of 46 patients (mean age, 69.5 years; 30.2% female) were analyzed. Of these, 39 patients were taking aspirin, 10 warfarin, and 7 clopidogrel. Aside from 3 (6.5%) patients with postoperative bruising without hematoma and 1 patient (2.2%) who reported self-resolving oral cavity blood, no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any...
Response to thalidomide therapy in refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Thalidomide may be effective in some patients with high-risk or refractory chronic GVHD. We report a single-institution study of thalidomide in 37 BMT patients with extensive chronic GVHD refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy. Acute GVHD occurred in 34 (91%) of patients and evolved progressively into chronic GVHD in 23 (62%) patients. Thalidomide was added to standard immunosuppressive therapy a median of 11 months (range 0-105 months) after the diagnosis of chronic GVHD. Fourteen of 37 (38%) patients responded after introduction of thalidomide (one complete, 13 partial). Ten of 21 (46%) children and four of 16 (25%) adults responded. Responses were seen in eight of 17 (47%) recipients of related donor marrow and six of 20 (30%) recipients of unrelated donor marrow. Eight of 23 (34%) patients with progressive onset of chronic GVHD showed a response. There were no deaths among the responders. The remaining 23 patients (62%) did not respond and of these only two survive, one with progressive scleroderma, and the other with bronchiolitis obliterans. Chronic GVHD with associated infection (most commonly disseminated fungal infection) was a major contributor to mortality in all cases. Overall, after initiation of thalidomide, the 2-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 41% (95% C.I. 24%-59%). We conclude that thalidomide is a useful and well-tolerated therapy for patients with previously treated refractory chronic GVHD, including those with progressive onset of chronic GVHD, recipients of unrelated donor marrow, and children. Earlier introduction of thalidomide as an adjunct to standard immunosuppressive therapy may lead to more frequent responses and possible better survival.
Photosynthetic enzymes and carbohydrate metabolism of apple leaves in response to nitrogen limitation

One-year-old apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala) trees were supplied twice weekly for 5 weeks with 500 ml of a modified Hoagland’s solution at a nitrogen (N) concentration of 0, 5, 10, or 15 mM...
Simulation of Human Processing of Information

and ask him to fill in the next letters. Most students will rather quickly reply with the letters FMGHM . Next, give the starting sequence DEFGEFGHF * * . This time there will be a longer pause before the reply. Some, but not all, the students will presently propose GHIGHIJ ... as the continuation. Occasionally, a mathematically talented student, when presented with such problems, will reply that any letter is a legitimate continuation of any starting sequence. When we encounter such a student, we will compliment him on his acumen, and then pose a new kind of problem to him. We will point out to him that in fact, subjects presented with such sequences do not reply with "any" letter, but show a high degree of consensus as to what the "right" next letters are. Moreover, the sequences can clearly be ranked according to difficulty, on the basis of how much time subjects take to answer, and on the basis of how many find the "right" answer. Finally, subjects who score high on tests of general intelligence, and particularly on tests of mathematical aptitude, are more likely to give the "right" answers than subjects who score low on such tests. Hence, if the problem we have posed is ill-defined from a mathematical standpoint, it raises a perfectly well-defined problem for psychology: how do human beings perform tasks like this one? What processes do they carry out, how do they find an answer, how do they judge it correct, how do they produce the extrapolating letters? Psychology needs a theory to explain behavioral phenomena like these; it needs a formal language for stating the theory; and it needs techniques for testing the theory empirically.
Greenbug Resistance in Rye

Twenty varieties of rye, Secale cereale L. exhibited a wide range (0—48%) of seedling survival following infestation with Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). The percentage of resistant plants among different seed sources of the same variety usually varied greatly except for ‘Caribou.’ Recurrent selection within Caribou increased its resistance from 39% to 96%. Resistance to the B biotype of greenbugs in Caribou appeared to be inherited as a single dominant gene. Wheat X Caribou Selection F1 plants were as resistant as their rye parents.
Diagnosis of Multicentric Castleman's Disease: An Evaluation of a Patient with Polygammopathy.

Rahul Datta, MD, PhD, Christina C. Price, MD; Yale Department of Allergy and Immunology, New Haven, CT, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. RATIONALE: Multicentric Castleman’s Disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by an inflammatory state as well as nonspecific symptoms such as fever and night sweats. Diagnosis is crucial as untreated MCD is associated with high mortality rates. In this case study, we discuss how an initial workup revealed polygammopathy leading to an eventual diagnosis of MCD. METHODS: Open lung biopsy performed Yale Thoracic Surgery and pathology performed by Yale Pathology. RESULTS: Our patient was a 51 year male with a chronic cough associated with recurrent fevers and lymphadenopathy. An immunological workup revealed polygammopathy with an IgA of 700, IgG of 4790, and IgE of 1204. He also had a very elevated CRP of 19.2. The broad differential for polygammopathy includes malignancies, chronic infections, and vasculitides. An elevated VEGF of 1200 indicated that the most likely diagnoses were MCD and IgG4 disease. A subsequent open lung biopsy showed plasmacytosis, which supported both diseases. However, an absence of definitive obliterative arteritis, along with the patient’s age and severe inflammatory state, led to the diagnosis of MCD. CONCLUSIONS: MCD is a difficult diagnosis given the broad differential of polygammopathy. Clinical history and lab findings such as CRP, IgA level, and IL-6 may be used to point towards MCD. However, in our case study, a biopsy was needed to produce a definitive diagnosis as characteristic findings helped differentiate MCD from IgG4 disease.
Evaluation on Surveillance Data of Routine Immunization Coverage Rates in Xinghe County during 2004-2008

Objective This study is to estimate the routine immunization coverage of Xinghe County during 2004-2008.Methods The reported routine coverage data during 2004-2008 were collected through China Immunization information system and the data investigated which we analyzed HepB,BCG,OPV,DPT and MV vaccines with reported inoculation rate,estimated inoculation rate and investigated inoculation rate.Results The reported inoculation rate,estimated inoculation rate and investigated inoculation rate for HepB,BCG,OPV,DPT and MV vaccines during 2004-2008 were respectively more than 79.00%,98.00%and 93.00%.Conclusions China Immunization information system in Xinghe County during 2004-2008 was worked well.The inoculation rates have been kept higher levels in Xinghe County during 2004-2008.
Accuracy of birth certificate data for detecting facial cleft defects in Arkansas children

A comparison of facial cleft defects reported on birth certificates during the period 1943 to 1974 that were reported on birth certificates was made with records maintained by the Arkansas Crippled Childrens Services (CCS). A total of 506 cases were reported of which 331 (65%) were recorded on the birth certificate. Moreover, the accuracy of the reporting was not good. Only 243 (48%) cleft malformations were correctly classified on the birth certificate. Birth certificate information is an inadequate measure of the true facial cleft occurrence in Arkansas. Caution must be exercised when this data source is used in epidemiological surveys because over one-third of such defects were not recorded. These findings serve to reemphasize the national need to improve the quality of such vital health statistics sources.
Implications of obesity on gynaecological surgery

Abstract This review on the impact of obesity on gynaecological surgery highlights the effect of obesity on various aspects of reproductive health including fertility, heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic floor dysfunction and endometrial cancer. We discuss the anaesthetic concerns surrounding the obese patient requiring surgery, and the technical aspects of operating on the obese patient including laparoscopic and open surgery. The intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with obesity are also explored.