cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prise en charge des atypies épithéliales du sein

Resume En attendant une classification moleculaire des atypies epitheliales du sein, les auteurs font une mise au point sur leur prise en charge, a la lumiere des travaux de la litterature et de leur experience a l’institut Bergonie. Leur experience repose sur l’analyse de 2 833 biopsies chirurgicales effectuees pour micro-calcifications sans tumeur palpable, etudiees en coupes macroscopiquement seriees (26 blocs en moyenne par biopsie) chez des patientes avec un long suivi median (160 mois). Cette mise au point concerne l’application de la classification OMS des lesions proliferantes atypiques non invasives du sein, la mesure des hyperplasies canalaires atypiques, la prise en charge des patientes avec des atypies epitheliales diagnostiquees sur microbiopsies, et enfin l’examen des biopsies chirurgicales de re-excision a la recherche d’un petit cancer concomitant de voisinage associe, retrouve dans un tiers des cas environ. En effet, il semblerait que les atypies epitheliales soient davantage un marqueur de risque de cancer concomitant que de cancer secondaire.
Performance of the locally optimum detector in a correlated K-distributed disturbance

In radar problems involving weak signal detection, conventional space-time processing cannot be used to separate the target from the clutter when the spatial and Doppler spectra of the target and clutter overlap. In such problems the concept of the locally optimum detector (LOD) is useful in coming up with a decision rule to discriminate between the two hypotheses of signal present or signal absent. The clutter, which may be correlated, can arise from either a non-Gaussian or Gaussian random process. For correlated multivariate K-distributed clutter it is shown that significant performance improvements can be obtained with an amplitude-sensitive LOD opposed to the conventional Gaussian linear receiver. >
Subcutaneous pretibial cyst formation associated with anterior cruciate ligament allografts: A report of four cases and literature review

Four clinical cases are described in which patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction developed ganglion-like cysts at the external aparature of the tibial channel. All patients underwent operative treatment including curettage and bone grafting with the succesful resolution of the cysts. A proposal, based on the incomplete incorporation of allograft tissues within bone tunnels, is given for the pathogenisis of these cysts, accompanied by a detailed description of the relevant literature.
Prediction of Future Events Scale: Assessment of Beliefs about Predicting the Future

Abstract Three hundred forty-nine American college students rated 60 beliefs about predicting future events. The items were factor analyzed revealing seven dimensions: Paranormal Divinatory Procedures, Psychically Gifted Persons, Scientifically Validated Forecasting Procedures, Animal Behavioral Prediction, Everyone Can Predict the Future, Religious Determinism, and Determinism Versus Freedom. A 21-item Prediction of Future Events (PFE) Scale was constructed by selecting marker items for each of the seven dimensions. The PFE Scale showed satisfactory reliability and hypothesized correlations with measures of intuition, locus of control, and enjoyment of/participation in games of chance.
DENITRIFICATION IN NITRATE‐RICH STREAMS: APPLICATION OF N2:Ar AND 15N‐TRACER METHODS IN INTACT CORES

Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO3(-)-rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N2:Ar (MIMS) and 15N[N2] (IRMS) after the addition of low-level 15NO3- tracer (15N:N = 0.03-0.08) in stream water overlying intact sediment cores. Denitrification rates ranged from about 0 to 4400 micromol N x m(-2) x h(-1) in Sugar Creek and from 0 to 1300 micromol N x m(-2) x h(-1) in Iroquois River, the latter of which possesses greater streamflow discharge and a more homogeneous streambed and water column. Within the uncertainties of the two techniques, there is good agreement between the MIMS and IRMS results, which indicates that the production of N2 by the coupled process of nitrification/denitrification was relatively unimportant and surface-water NO3- was the dominant source of NO3- for benthic denitrification in these streams. Variation in stream NO3- concentration (from about 20 micromol/L during low discharge to 1000 micromol/L during high discharge) was a significant control of benthic denitrification rates, judging from the more abundant MIMS data. The interpretation that NO3- concentration directly affects denitrification rate was corroborated by increased rates of denitrification in cores amended with NO3-. Denitrification in Sugar Creek removed < or = 11% per day of the instream NO3- in late spring and removed roughly 15-20% in late summer. The fraction of NO3- removed in Iroquois River was less than that of Sugar Creek. Although benthic denitrification rates were relatively high during periods of high stream flow, when NO3 concentrations were also high, the increase in benthic denitrification could not compensate for the much larger increase in stream NO3- fluxes during high flow. Consequently, fractional NO3- losses were relatively low during high flow.
Dose-Response of Aerobic Exercise on Cognition: A Community-Based, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

UNLABELLED Epidemiological studies suggest a dose-response relationship exists between physical activity and cognitive outcomes. However, no direct data from randomized trials exists to support these indirect observations. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible relationship of aerobic exercise dose on cognition. Underactive or sedentary participants without cognitive impairment were randomized to one of four groups: no-change control, 75, 150, and 225 minutes per week of moderate-intensity semi-supervised aerobic exercise for 26-weeks in a community setting. Cognitive outcomes were latent residual scores derived from a battery of 16 cognitive tests: Verbal Memory, Visuospatial Processing, Simple Attention, Set Maintenance and Shifting, and Reasoning. Other outcome measures were cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption) and measures of function functional health. In intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses (n = 101), cardiorespiratory fitness increased and perceived disability decreased in a dose-dependent manner across the 4 groups. No other exercise-related effects were observed in ITT analyses. Analyses restricted to individuals who exercised per-protocol (n = 77) demonstrated that Simple Attention improved equivalently across all exercise groups compared to controls and a dose-response relationship was present for Visuospatial Processing. A clear dose-response relationship exists between exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cognitive benefits were apparent at low doses with possible increased benefits in visuospatial function at higher doses but only in those who adhered to the exercise protocol. An individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness response was a better predictor of cognitive gains than exercise dose (i.e., duration) and thus maximizing an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important therapeutic target for achieving cognitive benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01129115.
An Inertial Model of Steady Coastal Upwelling

Abstract A nonlinear inertial model of a steady-state coastal upwelling circulation is presented. The model describes a longshore equatorward current and countercurrent structure which is independent of any parameterization of turbulent mixing. Solutions for flat and sloping bottoms are presented.
'One Truth is Clear, Whatever is, is Right': The History, Indeterminacy, and Ideological Significance of the Doctrine of Economic Duress

This article analyzes the legal doctrine of economic duress on two levels. First, it asserts that modern attempts to define and apply the doctrine illustrate the inherent ambiguity and indeterminacy of legal reasoning in general. Attempts to define one element of the doctrine often loop around to another element, so that the analysis loses any fixed frame of reference. Application of the doctrine rests on two sets of inconsistent policies that pervade modern contract law -- policies emphasizing personal choice and personal responsibility, and policies emphasizing community values, including procedural and substantive fairness. The conceptual foundation of the doctrine is internally inconsistent, because there is no convincing way to reconcile these competing policies.Second, the article argues that because of the internal inconsistencies, the doctrine of economic duress has ideological significance for the participants in mainstream legal culture. The continuing emphasis on free will sends the message that we really do have a "free market" -- a place where people can pursue their individual objectives through voluntary exchanges. The theoretical availability of duress as an excuse for avoiding a contract sends the message that the free market rests on a baseline standard of business ethics, and that transactions resulting from the unfair exploitation of another's weakness will not be enforced. The fact that very few cases actually end with a finding of economic duress sends the further message that virtually all marketplace transactions are fundamentally fair, despite the vast differences in wealth and bargaining power, and that the legal system stands ready to catch the few exceptions.The underlying ideological message is thus "don't worry, be happy", although dressed up in suitable legal terminology.
Storage of platelet concentrates using ion exchange resin charged with dibasic phosphate.

Platelet concentrates were prepared at twice the normal concentration and stored at room temperature for 7 days in either standard bags (controls) or bags to which 1 or 2 g of Amberlite resin beads charged with dibasic phosphate had been added. The resin beads served as a buffer system by providing a "slow release" form of phosphate ions as well as by binding CO2 produced during platelet metabolism. Control platelets demonstrated rapid falls in pH, ATP content, morphology score, and thrombin-induced nucleotide release after 24 hr of storage with a fall in pH to less than 6.0 by day 3. Profound ultrastructural changes and a rise in pO2, suggesting loss of platelet viability, accompanied these changes. In contrast, the resin-stored platelets remained near normal after 24 hr of storage, with preservation of discoid morphology, 95% of ATP levels, excellent ultrastructural appearance, and evidence of continued oxygen consumption after 3 days of storage. Even after 7 days of storage, ATP levels remained greater than 50% of baseline and ultrastructurally intact platelets were seen. In the 1-g resin bags the pH remained at baseline levels (6.9-7.0), while there was a rise in pH in the 2-g resin bags. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of maintaining a higher pH during platelet storage and provide a new approach to studying the metabolic changes that occur during longer term storage.
Genotyping of Clostridium difficile Isolates

Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to genotype Clostridium difficile isolates from various sources. Four major molecular types were identified among strains from the American Type Culture Collection previously typed by serogroup and from isolates from patients at the University of California, Davis Medical Center, from a patient at a Utah institution, and from the environment. These groups contained subgroups that displayed, in addition to the common group bands, at least one unique band. Two strains isolated from patients at our institution had the same DNA banding patterns. These patients were hospitalized during the same period, raising the possibility of cross-infection through hospital contact or another common source. These results suggest that this AP-PCR approach will be useful in epidemiologic studies of C. difficile infections.
Inactivation of the Dorsal Premotor Area Disrupts Internally Generated, But Not Visually Guided, Sequential Movements.

As skill on a sequence of movements is acquired through practice, each movement in the sequence becomes seamlessly associated with another. To study the neural basis of acquired skills, we trained two monkeys (Cebus apella) to perform two sequential reaching tasks. In one task, sequential movements were instructed by visual cues, whereas in the other task, movements were generated from memory after extended practice. Then, we examined neural activity in the dorsal premotor area (PMd) and the effects of its local inactivation during performance of each task. Comparable numbers of neurons in the PMd were active during the two tasks. However, inactivation of the PMd had a marked effect only on the performance of sequential movements that were guided by memory. These results emphasize the importance of the PMd in the internal generation of sequential movements, perhaps through maintaining arbitrary motor–motor associations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) has long been thought to be a critical node in the cortical networks responsible for visually guided reaching. Here we show that PMd neurons are active during both visually guided and internally generated sequential movements. In addition, we found that local inactivation of the PMd has a marked effect only on the performance of sequential movements that were internally generated. These observations suggest that, although the PMd may participate in the generation of visually guided sequences, it is more important for the generation of internally guided sequences.
Human lung pressure-volume relationships: alveolar collapse and airway closure

We investigated the effect of airway closure and alveolar collapse on the large-volume deflation and inflation transpulmonary pressure-volume (Ptp-V) curves of five postmortem excised human lungs. ...
Barrett's esophagus, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation: correlation of p53 with Bax, Bcl-2 and p21 protein expression.

Dysregulation of apoptosis plays an important role in tumor development. Mutations of the p53 gene have been reported in adenocarcinomas arising from Barrett's metaplasia. The p53 gene is important in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis, with the loss of wild-type activity associated with uncontrolled cell-cycle progression and tumor formation. P21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is activated by p53. Bax is a member of the bcl-2 family whose function is that of cell-death promoter. We investigated the hypothesis that there are significant alterations in the levels of apoptotic protein as well as p21 protein expression in the neoplastic progression associated with Barrett's metanlasia.
Epidemiological and clinical features of pulmonary Blastomycosis

The epidemiological and clinical aspects of Blastomycosis are reviewed. The central United States is the most heavily endemic area in the world, although the extent of the endemic zone has been mapped only by individual case finding, rather than by large skin test surveys (as was done for histoplasmosis). The difficulties in developing a sensitive and specific skin test antigen are reviewed, and the sequence of antigens from Blastomycin to antigen A to the ASWS (alkali and water soluble) antigen to the WI (Wisconsin) antigen are discussed. The absence of good immunological markers of remote subclinical disease means that the size of the iceberg of subclinical cases relative to clinically apparent and diagnosed pulmonary and extrapulmonary cases remains uncertain. Clinical presentations of blastomycosis range from (1) asymptomatic, currently discovered only in outbreak situation, (2) flulike illness of brief duration resembling other upper respiratory infections, (3) illness resembling bacterial pneumonia with acute onset, high fever, lobar infiltrates, and productive cough, (4) subacute or chronic respiratory illness with symptom complex resembling tuberculosis or lung cancer and radiographic presentation of fibronodular infiltrates or mass-like lesions, and (5) fulminant infectious adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high fever, diffuse infiltrates, and progressive respiratory failure. Radiographic presentations are highly variable and even more confusing because of lack of standard terminology to describe these abnormalities. Examples of some of the radiographic presentations of blastomycosis are shown. Available information concerning computed tomographic studies is also reviewed. Special mention is made of blastomycosis in AIDS, which is uncommon but tends to be fulminant, systemic, and rapidly progressive. An overview of current diagnostic strategies and treatment options is also presented.
Analyzing and Reducing Energy Usage in a Humanoid Robot During Standing Up and Sitting Down Tasks

The aim of this paper is to reduce the energy consumption of a humanoid by analyzing electrical power as input to the robot and mechanical power as output. The analysis considers motor dynamics during standing up and sitting down tasks. The motion tasks of the humanoid are described in terms of joint position, joint velocity, joint acceleration, joint torque, center of mass (CoM) and center of pressure (CoP). To reduce the complexity of the robot analysis, the humanoid is modeled as a planar robot with four links and three joints. The humanoid robot learns to reduce the overall motion torque by applying Q-Learning in a simulated model. The resulting motions are evaluated on a physical NAO humanoid robot during standing up and sitting down tasks and then contrasted to a pre-programmed task in the NAO. The stand up and sit down motions are analyzed for individual joint current usage, power demand, torque, angular velocity, acceleration, CoM and CoP locations. The overall result is improved energy efficiency between 25–30% when compared to the pre-programmed NAO stand up and sit down motion task.
Chemotherapy of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma with Vinblastine and CCNU

Forty-four patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (stage IV) were divided into 3 groups. The 23 patients in group 1 received CCNU alone,the 6 patients in group 2 received CCNU and vinblastine and the 15 patients in group 3 received methyl CCNU and vinblastine. The over-all response, subjective and objective, was 30% in group 1, 60% in group 2 and 54% in group 3. These results are compared to other existing modalities of treatment and appear to be superior.
Update on NOAA’s Operational Air Quality Predictions

NOAA provides operational predictions of ozone and wildfire smoke for the United States (U.S.) and predictions of airborne dust over the contiguous 48 states. Predictions are produced beyond midnight of the following day at 12 km spatial and hourly temporal resolution and are available at http://airquality.weather.gov/. Ozone predictions and testing of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions combine the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational North American Mesoscale (NAM) weather predictions with inventory based emission estimates from the EPA and chemical processes within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Predictions of smoke and dust from dust storms use the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Verification of ozone and developmental aerosol predictions relies on AIRNow compilation of observations from surface monitors. Verification of smoke and dust predictions uses satellite retrievals of smoke and dust.
Organic nitrates and other oxidized nitrogen compounds contribute significantly to the total nitrogen depositions in the United States

It is well recognized that the NOX (NO + NO2) emission has been reduced steadily in the United States, but NH3 emission is increasing strongly without regulation. Li et al. (1) estimate the NH3 dry deposition by using the multilayer model (MLM) and bidirectional approaches, and conclude that the control policy for NOX emission has now shifted the total (wet + dry) nitrogen deposition in the United States from the oxidized nitrogen-dominated to the reduced nitrogen-dominated pattern. The authors further conclude that the NH3 dry deposition alone could contribute more than 50% to the total nitrogen deposition in some regions in the United States. Although Li et al. (1) mention the effect of organic nitrogen compounds, they do not include it in their study. Previous studies … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jsfu{at}utk.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Agglomeration and long-range edge retraction for Au/Ni bilayer films during thermal annealing

Abstract The solid state dewetting of Au/Ni bilayer films from SiO2/Si substrates exhibits both homogeneous and localized dewetting of Ni and long-edge retraction for Au under isothermal annealing condition. The top Au layer retracted up to 1 mm from the edge of the substrate wafer to reduce the energetically unfavored Au/Ni interface. In contrast, Ni dewetted and agglomerated locally due to its limited diffusivity compared to Au. Film morphology and local chemical composition varied significantly across hundreds of micrometers along the direction normal to the retracting edge. The accumulation of Au from long-range edge retraction resulted into the separation of Au and Ni, which are affected by alloying between the two elements. The experimental observations suggest that alloying combined with unequal self-diffusion coefficient for the metal components control the bilayer dewetting process.
Exploring the need for creating a standardized approach to managing nanowaste based on similar experiences from other wastes

Engineered nanomaterials have been used in commerce for approximately the last 15 years, but the problem of disposal and associated impacts of disposal of nanowaste or products containing engineered nanomaterials is likely to be a significant and growing environmental challenge over time. Similar examples exist with a long-term problem regarding electronic waste (e-waste) and a developing issue with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) scrap. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the e-waste problem, and more attention is now focusing on CFRP scrap, especially with recycling efforts; however, no standard approach to handling nanowaste (pure engineered nanomaterials, products containing engineered nanomaterials, or products contaminated with engineered nanomaterials) has been developed primarily due to a lack of a unifying driving force in the nanotechnology community to push development of standards forward. Lessons learned from electronics and carbon composites can be applied to nanomaterials in order to create a better picture of how nanowaste can be tackled.
Treatment of meloxicam overdose in a dog via therapeutic plasma exchange

Objective To describe the treatment of a meloxicam overdose in a dog with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Case Summary A 6-month-old female Bulldog, presented for routine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Postoperatively the dog received an accidental overdose of meloxicam (1 mg/kg IV [intravenously]). The patient was treated with supportive medical therapy and TPE over 210 minutes achieving 1.2 plasma volume exchanges. During therapy, heparinized blood and effluent samples were collected. Meloxicam concentrations were determined in the samples by high pressure liquid chromatography. Post TPE, the dog continued to receive supportive medical therapy and was discharged 48 hours after the overdose. The dog remained asymptomatic for meloxicam intoxication. Follow-up rechecks at 1 and 6 weeks were unremarkable with no further treatment required. New or Unique Information This report describes the successful use of TPE adjunctively following an acute meloxicam overdose. An 82% reduction of plasma meloxicam concentration was achieved over 210 minutes. Twenty-four hours after therapy, a 47% sustained reduction of plasma meloxicam was measured after redistribution of drug between body compartments.
Novel lipid mediators in resolution and their aspirin triggered epimers: Lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins

In The Doctor’s Dilemma (1906) by the popular writer George Bernard Shaw, the character Sir Bloomfield Bonnington stated: Drugs can only repress symptoms: they cannot eradicate disease. The true remedy for all diseases is Nature’s remedy. Nature and Science are at one, Sir Patrick, believe me; though you were taught differently. Nature has provided, in the white corpuscles as you call them — in the phagocytes as we call them — a natural means of devouring and destroying all disease germs. There is at bottom only one genuinely scientific treatment for all diseases, and that is to stimulate the phagocytes. Stimulate the phagocytes. In view of our current appreciation of resolution of inflammation, reviewed in this chapter, these lines from The Doctor’s Dilemma take on new meaning, namely, resolution as an active biochemical and cellular process in controlled molecular terms by specialised mediators that function in resolution and can give rise to new approaches to therapeutics. Efforts taken in the author’s laboratory focus on gaining a molecular understanding of the natural means by which the body controls phagocytes, both positive and negative physiological signals. In this context, the eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid are mediators of special interest, given their prominent and well-appreciated role(s) as pro-inflammatory mediators [1]. Our interest in endogenous control mechanisms in inflammation led us to recognise the lipoxins (LXs) as the first local mediators possessing both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions (recently reviewed in [2]).
Behavior of Hollow-Core FRP-Concrete-Steel Columns under Static Cyclic Flexural Loading

AbstractThis paper presents the seismic behavior of hollow-core fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel (HC-FCS) columns comparable with the conventional RC column. The typical HC-FCS column ...
High-Q two-dimensional lithium niobate photonic crystal slab nanoresonators

Lithium niobate (LN), known as "silicon of photonics," exhibits outstanding material characteristics with great potential for broad applications. Enhancing light-matter interaction in the nanoscopic scale would result in intriguing device characteristics that enable revealing new physical phenomena and realizing novel functionalities inaccessible by conventional means. High-Q two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) slab nanoresonators are particularly suitable for this purpose, which, however, remains open challenge to be realized on the lithium niobate platform. Here we take an important step towards this direction, demonstrating 2D LN PhC slab nanoresonators with optical Q as high as $3.51 \times 10^5$, about three orders of magnitude higher than other 2D LN PhC structures reported to date. The high optical quality, tight mode confinement, together with pure polarization characteristics of the devices enable us to reveal peculiar anisotropy of photorefraction quenching and unique anisotropic thermo-optic nonlinear response, which have never been reported before. They also allow us to observe third harmonic generation for the first time in on-chip LN nanophotonic devices, and strong orientation-dependent generation of second harmonic. The demonstrated high-Q 2D LN PhC nanoresonators not only offer an excellent device platform for the exploration of extreme nonlinear and quantum optics at single-photon and few-photon level, but also open up a great avenue towards future development of large-scale integrated LN photonic circuits for energy efficient nonlinear photonic and electro-optic signal processing.
Manifold alignment without correspondence

Manifold alignment has been found to be useful in many areas of machine learning and data mining. In this paper we introduce a novel manifold alignment approach, which differs from "semi-supervised alignment" and "Procrustes alignment" in that it does not require predetermining correspondences. Our approach learns a projection that maps data instances (from two different spaces) to a lower dimensional space simultaneously matching the local geometry and preserving the neighborhood relationship within each set. This approach also builds connections between spaces defined by different features and makes direct knowledge transfer possible. The performance of our algorithm is demonstrated and validated in a series of carefully designed experiments in information retrieval and bioinformatics.
Biochemical failure after radiation therapy for prostate cancer: Racial differences

e16071 Background: Many guidelines for prostate cancer treatment are based on clinical trials with predominantly white patient (pt) populations. The generalizability of these results assumes simila...
CT presentation and staging accuracy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

In a retrospective study of 56 patients with surgically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, the authors analyzed the efficacy of contrasted CT examination in the staging of tumor resectability and unresectability. Resectability was defined as strictly intrapancreatic disease; unresectability as locally invasive or metastatic disease. Of the 56 patients, 49 (88%) were found to be unresectable, and only seven (12%) were considered potentially resectable on the basis of CT evaluation. When these findings were compared to surgical findings, only one of the 49 CT unresectable patients was considered surgically resectable; all others showed advanced disease, with 30 of 49 (61%) having surgical findings comparable to CT findings, and 18 of 49 (37%) having more extensive disease at surgery than at CT. Of the 7 patients judged resectable by CT, only two (29%) were found to have local disease at surgery; three were locally invasive, one had positive nodes, and one had liver metastases. This study would suggest that CT can be very reliable in distinguishing advanced disease from confined intrapancreatic lesions (unresectability), but is not reliable for predicting locally confined disease (resectability). In particular, CT seems to be ineffective in demonstrating the full extent of pancreatic carcinoma, either unresectable or resectable, because of its inability to demonstrate microscopic local and nodal invasion and surface metastases.
Infinite Dimensional Modules for Finite Groups

In the first lecture, I give an introduction to some of the questions currently under investigation in the theory of finite dimensional modular representations of finite groups. In the second lecture, I give some idea of how the theory of infinite dimensional modules has recently had an impact on our understanding of the category of finite dimensional modules. In the third lecture, I present recent progress on understanding phantom maps. These may be viewed as the aspects of infinite dimensional module theory which are invisible from the point of view of the finite dimensional modules.
From PSAs to reel communities: exploring the sounds and silences of urban youth mobilizing digital media production

Amplified by a global political climate of fear, oppression, and increased nationalism, this article examines how U.S. secondary students in a digital media elective course used multimodal composit...
Comparative Analysis between Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications and Updated Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Climate Database in the State of Tennessee:

The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide addresses climate effects on pavement design in a comprehensive way, which allows for investigating the effect of climate on pavement performance. Ho...
Why Is Attributive “Heavy” Distributive?

Schwarzschild (2006, 2011) observes that adjectives like heavy are obligatorily distributive when attributive, but not when predicative. He proposes a non-monotonicity requirement on attributive modification which rules out the collective reading: because the dimension of weight is not allowed to be monotonic on the part–whole relation determined by the noun phrase, and a collective reading of attributive heavy will be monotonic, only the distributive reading is available. Here, we propose that non-monotonicity follows from the independently determined distributivity of certain attributive adjectives. In addition to dimension adjectives like heavy, evaluative adjectives like pretty also result in obligatory distributive readings when in attributive position, while allowing collective readings when predicative, despite the fact that they are non-monotonic on both readings. Other adjectives, e.g., numerous, are collective in attributive position, despite being monotonic. We propose that the requisite distributive reading with attributive heavy (and pretty) stems independently of non-monotonicity, and is due to the particular way the adjective’s comparison class is interpreted in the attributive position; the non-monotonicity of attributive heavy is then a consequence of distributivity.
Depletion of mutant IDH1 impairs chondrosarcoma growth by downregulating integrins.

11031Background: chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors that produce cartilaginous matrix. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes (IDH1/2) were recently described in several cancers, incl...
Extending the Representation of Multistate Coupled Potential Energy Surfaces To Include Properties Operators Using Neural Networks: Application to the 1,21A States of Ammonia.

Fitting coupled adiabatic potential energy surfaces using coupled diabatic states enables, for accessible systems, nonadiabatic dynamics to be performed with unprecedented accuracy, when compared w...
High Voltage Series Protection of Neutral Injectors With Crossed-Field Tubes

High voltage neutral beam injectors for fusion machines require either parallel or series protection schemes to limit fault currents in case of arcing to safe levels. The protection device is usually located between the high voltage supply and beam injector and either crowbars (parallel protection) or disconnects (series protection) the high voltage supply when a fault occurs. Because of its isolating property, series protection is preferred. The Hughes crossed-field tube is uniquely suited for series protection schemes. The tube can conduct 40 A continuously upon application of voltage (≈ 300 V) and a static magnetic field (≈ 100 G). It is also capable of interrupting currents of 1000 A within 10 μS and withstand voltages of more than 120 kV.
The evaluation of renewable energy predictive modelling in energy dependency reduction: a system dynamics approach

Supplying energy has become one of the biggest concerns of developed countries due to the growing energy needs in the last decades. Utilising available renewable energy resources has been characterised as a reliable indicator, to reduce energy dependency in countries as well as securing the supplying of energy-based needs in the future. In this paper, a system dynamics approach has been utilised to illustrate the interrelationships between electricity/energy consumption, renewable energy resources as promotion plans, and energy dependency on imported resources. In order to illustrate benefits of renewable energy utilisation on reducing energy dependency, three different scenarios were developed and applied to the state of Illinois in the US to analyse the decrease in imported energy resources from external sources. The results of a computer simulation indicated that about 17 billion dollars can be saved by 2025 by reducing electricity/energy imports by implementing complete renewable energy action plans.
Analysis of Hi-C data using SIP effectively identifies loops in organisms from C. elegans to mammals

Chromatin loops are a major component of 3D nuclear organization, visually apparent as intense point-to-point interactions in Hi-C maps. Identification of these loops is a critical part of most Hi-C analyses. However, current methods often miss visually evident CTCF loops in Hi-C data sets from mammals, and they completely fail to identify high intensity loops in other organisms. We present SIP, Significant Interaction Peak caller, and SIPMeta, which are platform independent programs to identify and characterize these loops in a time- and memory-efficient manner. We show that SIP is resistant to noise and sequencing depth, and can be used to detect loops that were previously missed in human cells as well as loops in other organisms. SIPMeta corrects for a common visualization artifact by accounting for Manhattan distance to create average plots of Hi-C and HiChIP data. We then demonstrate that the use of SIP and SIPMeta can lead to biological insights by characterizing the contribution of several transcription factors to CTCF loop stability in human cells. We also annotate loops associated with the SMC component of the dosage compensation complex (DCC) in Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrate that loop anchors represent bidirectional blocks for symmetrical loop extrusion. This is in contrast to the asymmetrical extrusion until unidirectional blockage by CTCF that is presumed to occur in mammals. Using HiChIP and multiway ligation events, we then show that DCC loops form a network of strong interactions that may contribute to X Chromosome-wide condensation in C. elegans hermaphrodites.
The effect of intraoperative methadone during pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative opioid requirements

Background Pain control in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery presents a unique challenge. Postoperatively, many of these patients require long-term opioid infusions and sedation leading to need for prolonged weaning from opioids and longer hospital stays. We hypothesized that intravenous methadone as the sole opioid in children having cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass would improve perioperative pain control and decrease overall perioperative use of opioid analgesics and sedatives. Methods We instituted a practice change involving pediatric patients aged 30 days to 18 years). Our primary outcome was intraoperative and postoperative opioid requirements measured in morphine equivalents intraoperatively, during the first 24 hours postoperatively, and up to postoperative day 7. Secondary outcomes included extubation rates in the OR, pain and sedation scores, sedation requirements, and time to start of oxycodone. Results Patients in both groups had similar demographics. In neonatal patients, the postintervention group required significantly lower doses of intraoperative opioids. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative opioid use. In non-neonatal patients, the postintervention group required significantly less intraoperative opioids. Postoperatively, those in the postintervention group required significantly less opioids in the first 24 hours. Conclusion The use of intraoperative methadone appears to be a reasonable alternative to the use of fentanyl with potential other benefits both intra- and postoperatively of decreased total dose of opioids and other sedatives. Future studies will assess for any improvement in total postoperative opioid requirements during the total hospital stay, and potential use of methadone by the ICU team.
Humoral response and PCR positivity in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City region, USA: an observational study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. The proportion of infected individuals who seroconvert is still an open question. In addition, it has been shown in some individuals that viral genome can be detected up to 3 months after symptom resolution. We investigated both seroconversion and PCR positivity in a large cohort of convalescent serum donors in the New York City (NY, USA) region. Methods: In this observational study, we ran an outreach programme in the New York City area. We recruited participants via the REDCap (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA) online survey response. Individuals with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were screened via PCR for presence of viral genome and via ELISA for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. One-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test were used to measure the association of age, gender, symptom duration, and days from symptom onset and resolution with positive antibody results. Findings: Between March 26 and April 10, 2020, we measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres in 1343 people. Of the 624 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had serologies done after 4 weeks, all but three seroconverted to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, whereas 269 (37%) of 719 participants with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection seroconverted. PCR positivity was detected up to 28 days from symptom resolution. Interpretation: Most patients with confirmed COVID-19 seroconvert, potentially providing immunity to reinfection. We also report that in a large proportion of individuals, viral genome can be detected via PCR in the upper respiratory tract for weeks after symptom resolution, but it is unclear whether this signal represents infectious virus. Analysis of our large cohort suggests that most patients with mild COVID-19 seroconvert 4 weeks after illness, and raises questions about the use of PCR to clear positive individuals. Funding: None.
Sustainability Reporting at Universities with Multiple Platforms

As higher education expands to include more virtual platforms, the importance of tracking sustainability impacts of these programs increases. Approximately one-third of all college students reporte...
Complications after Ravitch versus Nuss repair of pectus excavatum: A Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) General Thoracic Surgery Database analysis.

Abstract Background There are conflicting reports in the literature comparing outcomes after open Ravitch and minimally invasive Nuss procedures for pectus excavatum repair, and there is relatively little data available comparing the outcomes of these procedures performed by thoracic surgeons. Methods The 2010 to 2018 Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database was queried for patients age 12 or greater undergoing open or minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Patients were stratified by operative approach. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with a composite outcome of 30-day complications. Results A total of 1,767 patients met inclusion criteria, including 1,017 and 750 patients who underwent minimally invasive pectus repair and open repair, respectively. Open repair patients were more likely to be American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or greater (24% vs 14%; P Conclusion Pectus excavatum repair procedure type was not associated with the risk of postoperative complications after adjustment. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact of pectus excavatum repair type on recurrence and patient reported outcomes, including satisfaction, quality of life, and pain control.
Improved Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Stochastic Volatility Models

Jacquier, Poison and Rossi (1994, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics) have proposed a Bayesian hierarchical model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methodology for parameter estimation and smoothing in a stochastic volatility model, where the logarithm of the conditional variance follows an autoregressive process. In sampling experiments, their estimators perform particularly well relative to a quasi-maximum likelihood approach, in which the nonlinear stochastic volatility model is linearized via a logarithmic transformation and the resulting linear state-space model is treated as Gaussian. In this paper, we explore a simple modification to the treatment of inlier observations which reduces the excess kurtosis in the distribution of the observation disturbances and improves the performance of the quasi-maximum likelihood procedure. The method we propose can be carried out with commercial software.
ZERO DYNAMICS OF UNDERACTUATED PLANAR BIPED WALKERS

Abstract The zero dynamics of a hybrid model of bipedal walking are introduced and studied for a class of N-link, planar robots with one degree of underactuation and outputs that depend only on the configuration variables. Asymptotically stable solutions of the zero dynamics correspond to asymptotically stabilizable orbits of the full hybrid model of the walker. The Poincare map of the zero dynamics is computed and proven to be diffeomorphic to a scalar, linear, time-invariant system, thereby rendering transparent the existence and stability properties of periodic orbits.
A Locally-Biased form of the DIRECT Algorithm

In this paper we propose a form of the DIRECT algorithm that is strongly biased toward local search. This form should do well for small problems with a single global minimizer and only a few local minimizers. We motivate our formulation with some results on how the original formulation of the DIRECT algorithm clusters its search near a global minimizer. We report on the performance of our algorithm on a suite of test problems and observe that the algorithm performs particularly well when termination is based on a budget of function evaluations.
Umwege über Selbständige Zwischenziele

In einigen der beschriebenen Falle von primitiver Werkzeugherstellung ist der „Umweg“ schon recht gros. So verbringt Sultan betrachtliche Zeit mit dem Abnagen von Holz an dem einen Ende des Brettes, das er in ein Rohr einfugen mochte, und doch ist Abnagen von Holz am Ende eines Stockes eine Tatigkeit, die fur isolierende Betrachtung ganz ohne Sinn gegenuber dem Ziel bleibt. In Wirklichkeit gelingt auch diese Art der Zerstuckelung dem Beobachter des Versuchsverlaufes gar nicht so leicht; er sieht vielmehr „Nagen, Nagen, Probieren an der Rohroffnung, Nagen, Probieren usw.“ als eine in sich sachlich zusammenhangende Abfolge. — Was wird aus den Prufungen, wenn man noch einen Schritt weiter geht ? In dem Fall einfacher Werkzeugherrichtung und so in unserm Beispiel ist der ausere Zusammenhang des Bruchstuckes „Herstellen“ (Abnagen) mit dem weiteren Verfahren (Ineinanderstecken, Verwendung) noch einigermasen eng dadurch, das die Nebenaktion unmittelbar an dem Werkzeugmaterial angreift. Sucht man nun die Handlungsglieder, auserlich genommen, noch weiter zu verselbstandigen, so kommt man auf Versuche, in denen das Tier vor das ursprungliche Ziel (oder Endziel) ein vorlaufiges, andersartiges Zwischenziel einschalten mus. Dieses ist selbst auf indirektem Wege zu erreichen, soll anders das Endziel nachher zuganglich werden. Und anderseits: Betrachtet man den Verlauf bis zu dem Moment, wo das Zwischenziel erreicht ist, ganz fur sich, ohne Rucksicht auf das Weitere, so hat dieser erste Umweg mit dem Endziel nun noch weniger zu tun und scheidet sich auserlich als eine besondere Handlung ab. Die Erfahrung lehrt, das wir den Eindruck einsichtigen Verhaltens besonders stark dann haben, wenn in einzelnen Teilen so weit vom Endziel abfuhrende, aber im ganzen sachlich notwendige „Umwege“ in geschlossener Form gemacht werden.
Determining Fracture Characteristics in Scalpel Cutting of Soft Tissue

This paper addresses the characteristic response of soft tissue to the growth of a cut (cracking) with a scalpel blade. We present our experimental equipment, experiments, and the results for scalpel cutting of soft tissue. The experimentally measured cut-force versus cut-length data was used to determine the soft tissue's resistance to fracture (resistance to crack extension) in scalpel cutting. The resistance to fracture (the toughness) of the soft tissue is quantified by the measure R defined as the amount of mechanical work needed to cause a cut (crack) to extend for a unit length in a soft-tissue sample of unit thickness. The equipment, method, and model are applicable for all soft tissue. We used pig liver as soft-tissue samples for our experiments