cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of users' spoken dialogue patterns in a conversational interface

The design of robust new interfaces that process conversational speech is a challenging research direction largely because users’ spoken language is so variable, which is especially true of children. The present research explored whether children’s response latencies before initiating a conversational turn converge with those heard in the text-to-speech (TTS) of a computer partner. A study was conducted in which twenty-four 7-to-10-year-old children conversed with animated characters that responded with different types of TTS voices during an educational software application. Analyses confirmed that, while interacting with opposite TTS voices, children’s average response latencies adapted 18.4% in the direction of their computer partner’s speech. These adaptations were dynamic, bi-directional, and generalized across different types of users and TTS voices. The long-term goal of this research is the predictive modeling of human-computer communication patterns to guide the design of well synchronized, robust, and adaptive conversational interfaces.
Audits, Inspektionen und Überprüfungen von computergesteuerten Analysensystemen

Audits sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil jedes Qualitatsmanagementsystems. Das Ziel ist die Uberprufung von Aktivitaten und Dokumentation um herauszufinden, ob vorher definierte interne oder externe Normen, Richtlinien und/oder Gesetze bzw. Kundenanforderungen erfullt werden. Unabhangige Audits durch Drittfirmen werden allgemein zur Bestatigung durchgefuhrt, das Labors ihre Arbeiten in Ubereinstimmung mit nationalen oder internationalen Standards wie der ISO 9000 Serie oder EN 45001 durchfuhren. Behorden fuhren Inspektionen durch, um die Ubereinstimmung mit GLP oder GMP zu uberprufen.
Recovery of retinal adhesion after enzymatic perturbation of the interphotoreceptor matrix

Previous investigations established that focal subretinal injections of neuraminidase, chondroitinase, and hyaluronidase in the rabbit lead to a diffuse loss of retinal adhesiveness beyond the site of injection. This loss of adhesiveness, measured by peeling of the retina immediately after enucleation, correlates with changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), as monitored by lectin histochemistry. In this study, rabbits were evaluated during recovery of retinal adhesiveness after subretinal injections of neuraminidase and chondroitinase. Adhesion recovered steadily 5-20 days after chondroitinase injection. After administration of neuraminidase, adhesion remained low for approximately 14 days but recovered to normal by 20 days. The recovery of adhesiveness correlated closely with reestablishment of the normal distribution of peanut agglutinin-binding glycoconjugates in the IPM, one group of molecules thought to participate in retinal adhesion. Electroretinography and light microscopy showed no abnormalities in the retina or retinal pigment epithelium after recovery. These results suggest that IPM glycoconjugates participate in maintaining retinal adhesion.
Perception and Consciousness

In very general terms, perception is a response to the world. The paradigm cases of it are responses by the five senses: we see, hear, touch, taste, taste, and smell. But we also have an awareness of states of our own body, such as the position and movement of our limbs, and that awareness is at once similar in character to perception yet not dependent on the five senses. There is a third kind of awareness, one that is distinct, at least conceptually, from our awareness of our bodily condition and movements; its object is our own mental states. The first — ordinary perception — has been called exteroception (“outer perception”), the second interoception (“inner perception”) or, in a special case, proprioception, though taking this term generically in the sense of ‘self-perception’ we might conveniently use it to designate the third case, in which the object of awareness is mental. All three are important for this study, particularly the first and third. Under the more general rubrics of perception and introspection (or self-consciousness), these are perennially basic topics in epistemology, construed as the theory of knowledge and justification.
Detection of Latent Peronospora effusa Infections in Spinach.

Downy mildew disease of spinach, caused by Peronospora effusa, is managed in conventional fields by a combination of host resistance and scheduled fungicide applications. Fungicides are currently a...
Development of risk model for marine logistics support to offshore oil and gas operations in remote and harsh environments

Abstract Logistics support to offshore operations is challenging, especially under severe environmental conditions such as those in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. The dominant environmental conditions, including waves, wind, poor visibility and the presence of icebergs and sea ice determine the mode and success of logistics support. Use of helicopters as a mode of logistics transport becomes ineffective when the distance is longer, the visibility is low, or the weather is stormy. Marine logistics support is more reliable and versatile. The present work focuses on developing a model for assessing risk associated with marine logistics operations in remote offshore locations (beyond helicopter reach) frequented with harsh environmental conditions (high winds, waves, and icy conditions). The key factors that affect such operations are identified and failure models are developed using fault trees. As an improvement, advance fault trees are adopted to relax the inherent limitations of the primary model. Uncertainties in both data and model are considered using the fuzzy inference system and evidence theory. Application of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case-study concerning a remote North Atlantic offshore operation. The contribution of this study is the identification of the key factors controlling the marine logistics operation and the development of a robust risk model that helps to analyze criticality of the contributing factors. The proposed model has the potential to help to develop innovative risk management strategies to support offshore operations.
Identifying Gaps in Research on Rehabilitation for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Scoping Review

Abstract Objectives Examine the amount and nature of research activity in head and neck cancer (HNC) rehabilitation; highlight publication trends, including information about the authors, settings, and study designs; and identify gaps in the existing literature. Data Sources Eligible studies were identified using PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Study Selection Inclusion criteria included human subjects, English language, publication between 1/1/1990 and 4/30/2017, HNC patients at any timepoint in disease, and evaluation of rehabilitation outcomes as described by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Exclusion criteria included intervention or outcome not specific to rehabilitation or the HNC population, and protocols or abstracts without corresponding full manuscripts. Data Extraction An established 6-step scoping review framework was utilized to develop the review protocol. A 3-level review was then performed. Data on eligible studies were collected using a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool. Data Synthesis Among 2201 publications, 258 met inclusion criteria. Publication rate increased by 390% over the study timeframe. Most studies were observational (n=150). Few were interventional (n=35). The most common interventions focused on chewing or swallowing (n=14), followed by exercise (n=10). Most primary outcome measures fit the ICF definition of impairment; fewer fit the definitions of activity limitation or participation restriction. Conclusions Although research volume in HNC rehabilitation is increasing, the literature is dominated by small (≤100 patients), outpatient-based observational studies involving chewing or swallowing-related impairments. More prospective studies in multidisciplinary domains across the cancer care continuum are needed. There is particular need for interventional studies and prospective observational studies. Future studies should evaluate clinically-relevant activity limitations and participation restrictions. Rehabilitation professionals have an important role in the design of future HNC rehabilitation research.
Elementary Probability and Set Theory

We have interrogated the past in Chap. 2 by applying statistical tools to some data. Now in order to design for future events we need to forecast what is likely to happen during the design life of an engineered feature. This is where probability comes in. Probability is heavily used in Civil Engineering risk analysis because as mentioned before data is often scarce.
The association of vulvar pain and urological urgency and frequency: findings from a community-based case–control study

Vulvodynia is chronic debilitating burning vulvar pain or pain on contact. Although women who suffer from vulvodynia are more likely than others to experience co-morbid interstitial cystitis (IC) and urinary tract infections (UTIs), few studies have explored whether women with vulvodynia experience adverse urinary symptoms (lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS]) in the absence of urological pain. Two hundred and eleven participants with and 226 participants without clinically confirmed vulvodynia completed the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) questionnaire and were scored using all questions, and then a subset of questions relating only to their current frequency and bother of urination during day and night, and the frequency, severity and bother of urgency after voiding. Total, symptom, and bother scores were compared in women with and without vulvodynia, and regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the various LUTS symptoms. As expected, 40% of women with vulvodynia met the criteria for IC (PUF > 12) compared with 2% without vulvodynia. After excluding questions related to bladder or vulvovaginal pain, women with vulvodynia, compared with those without, were skewed toward higher PUF scores, including being 2.4 times more likely to report usually or always bothered by night-time voiding (95% CI 1.22–4.74), and 18 times more likely to report moderate/severe urgency after urination (95% CI 5.48–64.12). Women with vulvodynia are substantially more likely to report voiding dysfunction and symptoms of urgency than women with no history of vulvar pain. These findings are independent of comorbid interstitial cystitis or history of UTIs.
“You Can Catch More Flies with Honey than Vinegar”: Objectification Valence Interacts with Women’s Enjoyment of Sexualization to Influence Social Perceptions

Although objectification is a common experience for women (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), little is understood about how women perceive sources of objectifying commentary and behaviors. The current work provides a novel integration of objectification and consistency theories to understand how valence of sexual objectification and women’s feelings about sexual attention interact to predict perceptions of objectifying sources. In two online vignette studies with 121 and 110 U.S. women recruited through MTurk, female participants were asked to recall an experience of complimentary or critical objectification and report perceptions of source warmth, approach behavioral intentions, perceived overlap between the self and the source, and enjoyment of sexualization. Consistent with hypotheses, regression analyses revealed that reporting experiences of complimentary objectification led to more positive source perceptions among women who reported that they enjoy being sexualized relative to reporting experiences of critical objectification. Furthermore, path analyses revealed that self-other overlap emerged as a mechanism of women’s more positive source perceptions, with a significant indirect effect of self-other overlap emerging for the link between enjoyment of sexualization and warmth and approach in the complimentary objectification condition. The effects were replicated across two studies. The discussion centers on how understanding women’s objectifying source perceptions could illuminate when interpersonal objectification will lead to more experiences of objectification or women’s internalization of objectifying self-perceptions.
Transmutation of Scent: An Evaluation of the Synthesis of Methyl Cinnamate, a Commercial Fragrance, via a Fischer Esterification for the Second-Year Organic Laboratory

The synthesis of a commercial fragrance, methyl cinnamate, via Fischer esterification was evaluated for use as a second-year organic chemistry course. The experiment utilizes trans-cinnamic acid, a...
Using a Simple Pendulum Investigation to Develop Students’ History and Nature of Science Knowledge

Within physics education research (PER), inductive teaching strategies (e.g., inquiry-based teaching) have long been a goal. Yet others do not seem to be convinced that consensus exists with respect to the goals of physics education and identify three possible goals as: (1) to teach practical, factual knowledge, (2) to develop deep understandings of fundamental principles, and (3) to promote appreciation and use of scientific methods. Of course these three goals are not mutually exclusive, and many in the science education research community argue that developing an understanding of the nature of science (NOS) to be a worthy goal as well.
Reasonable Accommodations on the Bar Exam: Leveling the Playing Field or Providing an Unfair Advantage?

If you ask law students what they think about examination accommodations provided to students with disabilities, including learning disabilities, most students will tell you that it is unfair that some students get more time to take an examination. The misconception that accommodations provide an unfair advantage may stem from the fact that not all students understand the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), its purpose, and reasons why individuals receive such accommodations. In fact, the ADA has applications beyond the employment context. Specifically, the ADA ensures that students with disabilities who graduate from medical school, law school, and other professional programs cannot be discriminated against in their educational programs and are entitled to “nondiscrimination and reasonable accommodation in the licensing process.” This article suggests, because of the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (“ADAAA”), more students should now be able to qualify for reasonable accommodations in the bar exam setting. Part One of this article discusses the background of the ADA, the Amendments and how the various state bar examinations are implicated. The New York State Bar exam, whose treatment of accommodation requests typifies state bar exam practices, is a principal focus. In Part Two, this article analyzes how courts have decided ADA cases where law graduates were either not considered to be disabled or were denied the accommodations they sought before and after the 2008 Amendments. Part Two considers whether there will be future litigation in the ADA, higher-education, bar exam setting and how courts should handle such litigation.
Citizen/Psychoanalyst/OG

Walking down the street for my morning coffee on the Saturday after the election, regretting that I’d forgotten the notes to jump-start this piece about political dialogue with patients, I checked ...
Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Anticancer Therapy III: Targeted and Immunotherapies

Targeted and immunotherapies comprise two of the most promising and expanding classes of agents in oncology. This chapter reviews clinical indications for targeted and immunotherapies, and describes their corresponding associated dermatologic adverse effects (DAEs) in these settings. For each medication discussed, a clinical synopsis is provided which showcases incidence, natural course, clinical features, and management of potential mucocutaneous reactions. This chapter is designed to assist clinicians in anticipating, recognizing, and managing the dermatologic manifestations of these increasingly utilitzed therapies.
A single-center cost analysis assessing a change in vasopressin formulation.

PURPOSE: Cost savings achieved at an academic medical center by reformulating the institution's standard vasopressin infusions to reduce waste are described. SUMMARY: After a retrospective review of vasopressin utilization over a 4-month period revealed that only approximately 40% of dispensed vasopressin units were actually administered to patients, pharmacy leaders determined that the institution's standard vasopressin concentration for continuous infusions (100 units in 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% injection) was resulting in substantial waste, as many infusion preparations were not needed within the 18- to 24-hour expiration window. A concentration of 20 units/100 mL was adopted as the new standard formulation for vasopressin continuous infusions, with use of alternative concentrations allowed on a restricted basis. A pre-post study to assess the impact of the formulation change indicated a 38.7% decrease in vasopressin utilization (from 21,900 to 8,480 units) relative to utilization in a retrospective sample of patients who received vasopressin infusions prior to the formulation change. This reduced utilization equated to a cost decrease of $55,656.20 (as calculated on the basis of 2017 cost estimates) or $77,214.23 (as calculated on the basis of 2019 cost estimates) for the time period collected. It was estimated that the new formulations could yield annual cost savings ranging from $222,625 to $308,857. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first description of cost savings following a change in formulation of vasopressin for continuous infusions. Other institutions could consider employing a similar approach in addition to the previously reported cost-saving interventions, such as lower vasopressin starting doses and vasopressin restriction policies.
Mapping the residue specificities of epigenome enzymes by yeast surface display

Histone proteins are decorated with a combinatorially and numerically diverse set of biochemical modifications. Here, we describe a versatile and scalable approach which enables efficient characterization of histone modifications without the need for recombinant protein production. As proof-of-concept, we first use this system to rapidly profile the histone H3 and H4 residue writing specificities of the human histone acetyltransferase, p300. Subsequently, a large panel of commercially available anti-acetylation antibodies are screened for their specificities, identifying many suitable and unsuitable reagents. Furthermore, this approach enables efficient mapping of the large binary crosstalk space between acetylated residues on histones H3 and H4 and uncovers residue interdependencies affecting p300 activity. These results show that using yeast surface display to study histone modifications is a useful tool that can advance our understanding of chromatin biology by enabling efficient interrogation of the complexity of epigenome modifications.
Communication strategies and responses to change around issues of sexuality in Catholic higher education

Sometimes, change around sexuality at Catholic higher education institutions exists in the shadow culture –the values and systems that drive a culture of an institution but that differ from those openly espoused. Past studies have often focused on the creation of LGBTQ student organizations at one or at most four institutions. The present study examines qualitative data from 31 employees at 17 different Catholic colleges and universities across the USA in which employees indicate how they navigated the process of effecting change around human sexuality at their Catholic institution. Interviews were transcribed and coded with a three-phase coding procedure that was then reviewed by an expert panel. Participants experienced both supportive and resistant reactions from colleagues. Issues of human sexuality were defined broadly to include not only student groups around orientation (i.e., LGBTQ student groups) but also sexual assault policy and prevention, policy around transgender student housing or restrooms, incorporating sexuality into the curriculum, same-sex employee benefits, etc. Reasons for resistance included fear, misunderstanding, mission incongruence, and perceived scandal. Methods of navigating change consisted of data gathering, increased visibility, taking a student focus, public conversations, trainings, one-to-one education, task forces, student protests, engaging with university heritage and mission, sensitivity to language used, and more discreet methods of effecting change. These data strengthen the literature by offering a detailed description of these methods, identifying the geopolitical atmosphere as relevant to the change process, noting some methods as ineffective, and clarifying communication that occurs in the shadow culture. Beyond Catholic higher education, readers may find these themes useful in effecting change at their own higher education institutions, including institutions with much fear and anxiety around sexuality.
The urophysial hydrosmotic factor of fishes. II. Chromatographic and pharmacologic indications of similarity to arginine vasotocin.

Abstract Chromatographic methods and pharmacologic tests were employed to compare the urophysial hydrosmotic factor with some neurohypophysial peptides. Ionexchange chromatography distinguished the urophysial factor from the neutral oxytocin, but not from the basic arginine vasopressin or arginine vasotocin. Thin-layer chromatography in three solvent systems did not distinguish it from arginine vasotocin. Bioassays on the toad bladder and rat uterus, with and without magnesium, also suggested identity of the urophysial hydrosmotic factor with arginine vasotocin.
Work in progress - the dance of change the reality of college life and beyond

What if you could only teach one idea, concept, or tool to the freshman engineering student? What would it be? While most of us would teach them how to learn, we know that is not the most important issue facing their survivor in the newly diverse environment called the university. How about teaching them the concept of adaptability, how to measure their question of adaptability, how to learn the dance of change and adaptability that is demanded on them for the rest of their lives? In this paper we will introduce our ideas, approaches and findings related to freshman engineering program at Iowa State University. We will examine our objectives, our introductory class design, and the effect we see on the students' education and growth into active university participants and engineers who are well rounded to face the challenges of the future. We believe our approach of actively seeking students' change inertia and ways to measure and communicate it to the students is a valid key to their success. This paper will address some of our newest findings in our ongoing research focus on engineering education
Introduction to Compiler Construction

Introduction to Compiler Construction addresses the essential aspects of compiler design at a level that is perfect for today's undergraduate. Working from the basics in Chapter 1, the book provides the clearest, most cohesive treatment of the topic available for the junioror senior-level student. Introduction to Compiler Construction carefully describes how a compiler works; how it is organized; what the terminolop, is; what the major problems are and how thev have been solved. The book presupposes no previous exposure to compiler construction or familiarity with high-level mathematics, automata'theory, or formal languages. Patient coverage, reinforcement of kev information, rational organization, and a variety of problems and exercises will help students understand basic compiler theory, design, and applications. Itilrodtictioii to Coinpiler Constrtictiori features: an introduction to important theoretical concepts when their practical utility is most apparent-showing through concrete examples how theory and practice work togcthcr worked examples of most of the important techniques, with step-by-step commentary
Relationship of the Light Scattering Properties of Mitochondria to the Metabolic State in Intact Ascites Cells

Abstract The glucose-induced increase in light scattered by Ehrlich ascites cells has been ascribed by Packer and Golder to a decrease in mitochondrial volume. They further suggest that the parallel inhibition of respiration and glycolysis arises from the inability of ATP to escape from such contracted mitochondria. We find that the glucose-induced light scattering changes occur not only in the presence of oligomycin, which prevents ATP formation (exclusive of substrate level phosphorylation), but that the same scattering changes are induced by this antibiotic alone. Other mitochondrial inhibitors, such as antimycin A and uncoupling agents, increase light scattering of the tumor cells. Valinomycin, which induces a specific volume change of mitochondria associated with the uptake of K+, causes a large decrease of scattering signal from ascites cells, even in the presence of glucose. As is the case with isolated mitochondria, this swelling is reversed by depletion of mitochondrial energy reserves, by uncoupling, or by anaerobiosis. It is concluded that the light scattering changes obtained with ascites cells during altered metabolic states indeed reflect mitochondrial changes, but the glucose-induced increase in light scattering is not a consequence of the inability of ATP to escape from the mitochondria. The only point in common for a wide variety of agents including glucose which induce a mitochondrial contraction is their ability to lower the mitochondrial energy reserves.
Sewage effluent biomonitoring. II. Biochemical indicators of ammonia exposure in channel catfish.

Abstract Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed, in situ, to sewage effluent for 17 days to determine the effect of unionized ammonia (UIA) on concentrations of glutamate, glutamine and α-ketoglutarate (α-KGA) in brain tissue, and activity of glutamate dehydrogenase ( l -GDH) in liver tissue. Fish were held in cages either 600 m upstream (0.005 ± 0.001 mg/liter as UIA, X ± SE , n = 6) or 9 km downstream (0.032 ± 0.004 mg/liter, X ± SE , n = 6). The mean concentrations in micromoles per gram wet weight ( X ± SE , n = 27–30) for glutamate, glutamine, and α-KGA at the upstream location were 3.04 ± 0.29, 5.76 ± 0.29, and 0.003 ± 0.01, respectively. Mean concentrations in micromoles per gram wet weight ( X ± SE , n = 27–30) for glutamate, glutamine, and α-KGA at the downstream location were 3.03 ± 0.29, 4.60 ± 0.37, and 0.02 ± 0.004, respectively. Mean l -GDH activity in units per milligram protein ( X ± SE , n = 28–30) at the upstream and downstream locations were 0.095 ± 0.003 and 0.092 ± 0.003, respectively. Neither the concentrations of these three brain tissue substrates, nor l -GDH activity were significantly different between fish at the two locations even though the observed UIA concentrations were equivalent to concentrations which have been observed to increase glutamine concentration in brain tissue of catfish during exposures under laboratory conditions. Therefore, under the observed field conditions these parameters were not useful biochemical indicators of exposure to potentially detrimental concentrations of UIA.
Deconstructing interaction dynamics in knowledge sharing communities

Online knowledge sharing sites have recently exploded in popularity, and have began to play an important role in online information seeking. Unfortunately, many factors that influence the effectiveness of the information exchange in these communities are not well understood. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap by exploring the dynamics of information sharing in such sites - that is, identifying the factors that can explain how people respond to information requests. As a case study, we use Yahoo! Answers, one of the leading knowledge sharing portals on the web with millions of active participants. We follow the progress of thousands of questions, from posting until resolution. We examine contextual factors such as the topical area of the questions, as well as intrinsic factors of question wording, subjectivity, sentiment, and other characteristics that could influence how a community responds to an information request. Our findings could be useful for improving existing collaborative question answering systems, and for designing the next generation of knowledge sharing communities.
The Effect of Smoking on Short-Term Complications Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Total joint arthroplasty is the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedure in the United States. The purpose of the present study was to identify differences in thirty-day morbidity and mortality following primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty according to smoking status and pack-year history of smoking. Methods: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database to identify patients who had undergone primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty between 2006 and 2012. Patients were stratified by smoking status and pack-year history of smoking. Thirty-day rates of mortality, wound complications, and total complications were compared with use of univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We identified 78,191 patients who had undergone primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Of these, 81.8% (63,971) were nonsmokers, 7.9% (6158) were former smokers, and 10.3% (8062) were current smokers. Current smokers had a higher rate of wound complications (1.8%) compared with former smokers and nonsmokers (1.3% and 1.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Former smokers had a higher rate of total complications (6.9%) compared with current smokers and nonsmokers (5.9% and 5.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified current smokers as being at increased risk of wound complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.78), particularly deep wound infection, while both current smokers (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.31) and former smokers (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.34) were at increased total complication risk. Increasing pack-year history of smoking resulted in increasing total complication risk. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings, current smokers have an increased risk of wound complications and both current and former smokers have an increased total complication risk following total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Student Affairs and Information Technology: Collaborating in the Cloud

Student affairs and information technology have opportunities to partner in order to increase student satisfaction and retention rates and to assist institutions to comply with federal educational regulations. This chapter contains four examples of emerging best practices and future initiatives including: (a) the admissions pipeline, (b) smart-device application, (c) customized educational planning, and (d) the compliance of financial aid programs.
PVF: a scale to measure public values of forests.

We propose a 12-point scale for measuring the relative importance of national forest resources-both economic and noneconomic-to the American public. With data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment thescale supports the existence of three latent factors: protection, amenity, and outputs. The scale had moderate levels of internal reliability and demonstrated predictive validity. Consistentwith previous studies offorestvalues, protection values were significantly higher for women, urban residents, and younger respondents. Future research should investigate the use and nonuse values of both the economic and noneconomic factors, because decisions that fail to include economic nonuse values in benefit-cost analyses may underestimate the total value of forest preservation. By understanding the forest values that people hold, forest planners and managers will be better able to design policies, reduce conflicts among stakeholders, and implement forest plans.
Assemblies of psoriatic keratin and their relation to normal intermediate filament structures.

Abstract Protein extracts from normal human epidermis reassemble in vitro into 8–10 nm diameter filaments characteristic of intermediate filaments, whereas extracts from psoriatic epidermal scales reassemble, under identical conditions, into a variety of paracrystalline bundles. Optical diffraction and image analysis of these paracrystalline bundles reveal an axial repeat of 16.5 nm, which subdivides into three bands of 5.5 nm, and a lateral spacing of 5.1 nm. This information, together with available sequence studies of intermediate filaments and biochemical data, suggests that the subunit of psoriatic keratin is made up essentially from the coiled-coil α-helical rod domain of the normal keratin subunits, whereas the random coil domains are missing or greatly reduced in size.
Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity.

The authors used data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to test the generality of the links between parenting practices and child outcomes for children in two age groups: 5–11 and 12–18. Parents' reports of support, monitoring, and harsh punishment were associated in the expected direction with parents' reports of children's adjustment, school grades, and behavior problems in Wave 1 and with children's reports of self-esteem, grades, and deviance in Wave 2. With a few exceptions, parenting practices did not interact with parents' race, ethnicity, family structure, education, income, or gender in predicting child outcomes. A core of common parenting practices appears to be linked with positive outcomes for children across diverse family contexts.
Practical Reason and Moral Psychology in Aristotle and Kant

For a long time, it seemed that Aristotelians and Kantians had little to say to each other. When Kant the moralist was known in the English-speaking world primarily from his Groundwork and his Critique of Practical Reason, Kant's conceptual vocabulary of “duty,” “law,” “maxim,” and “morality” appeared quite foreign to Aristotle's “virtue,” “end,” “good,” and “character.” Yet ever since philosopher Mary Gregor's Laws of Freedom, published in 1963, made Kant's The Metaphysics of Morals central to the interpretation of his ethical thought, it has become clear that such “Aristotelian” terms as virtue, end, good, happiness, and character are also central to Kant. Aristotelians and Kantians now see that they have plenty to say to each other, and they have gone from being adversaries to sharing a sometimes unprincipled urge to merge central aspects of Aristotle's and Kant's ethical thought.
Sensitivity analysis for misclassification in logistic regression via likelihood methods and predictive value weighting

The potential for bias due to misclassification error in regression analysis is well understood by statisticians and epidemiologists. Assuming little or no available data for estimating misclassification probabilities, investigators sometimes seek to gauge the sensitivity of an estimated effect to variations in the assumed values of those probabilities. We present an intuitive and flexible approach to such a sensitivity analysis, assuming an underlying logistic regression model. For outcome misclassification, we argue that a likelihood-based analysis is the cleanest and the most preferable approach. In the case of covariate misclassification, we combine observed data on the outcome, error-prone binary covariate of interest, and other covariates measured without error, together with investigator-supplied values for sensitivity and specificity parameters, to produce corresponding positive and negative predictive values. These values serve as estimated weights to be used in fitting the model of interest to an appropriately defined expanded data set using standard statistical software. Jackknifing provides a convenient tool for incorporating uncertainty in the estimated weights into valid standard errors to accompany log odds ratio estimates obtained from the sensitivity analysis. Examples illustrate the flexibility of this unified strategy, and simulations suggest that it performs well relative to a maximum likelihood approach carried out via numerical optimization.
Follicular Development After Administration of Adrenocorticotropin to Nonlactating Holstein Cows

Abstract The effect of chronic administration of adrenocorticotropin on ovarian follicular development was studied. Twelve nonlactating Holstein cows received either 100 IU adrenocorticotropin (n = 6) or saline (n = 6) at 12-h intervals, commencing d 16 and continuing until d 23 of an induced estrous cycle (estrus = d 0). Cows were slaughtered on d 24, ovaries collected, and number of visible antral follicles recorded. Estradiol-17 β androstenedione, and testosterone in follicular fluid, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in follicular tissue of the largest follicles were determined. Largest follicles were classified as ovulatory or nonovulatory based on the estrogen to androgen ratio. One cow treated with adrenocorticotropin, but none treated with saline, had ovulated by slaughter. The numbers of small, medium, and large antral follicles were 0, 1, and 5 for cows treated with adrenocorticotropin and 0, 1, and 6 for cows treated with saline. Follicular diameter (15.0±1.0 versus 14.0±2.0mm) and follicular fluid volume (2.9±.8 versus 2.2±.5ml) of the largest follicle in cows treated with adrenocorticotropin or saline were not different. No differences were found in the number of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone receptors nor in the proportion of ovulatory versus non-ovulatory follicles between treatments. We conclude that adrenocorticotropin administered at 100 IU every 12h during the follicular phase does not significantly alter follicular development in the non-lactating dairy cow.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of recently approved drugs used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in infants, children and adults

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant cause of morbidity in hospitalized infants. Over the past 15 years, several drugs have been approved for the treatment of S. aureus infections in adults (linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, telavancin, tigecycline and ceftaroline). The use of the majority of these drugs has extended into the treatment of MRSA infections in infants, frequently with minimal safety or dosing information. Only linezolid is approved for use in infants, and pharmacokinetic data in infants are limited to linezolid and daptomycin. Pediatric trials are underway for ceftaroline, telavancin, and daptomycin; however, none of these studies includes infants. Here, we review current pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy data of these drugs with a specific focus in infants.
Fourteen grand challenges and skills for engineers in 2020

The fourteen grand challenges of engineering, compiled by the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2008, have implications for the future of engineering education and practice. Engineers in 2020 will need diverse skills to tackle the multitude of issues and factors involved in adequately and successfully addressing the challenges. Extract from the NAE document on the 14 grand challenges reads – “In sum, governmental and institutional, political and economic, and personal and social barriers will repeatedly arise to impede the pursuit of solutions to problems. As they have throughout history, engineers will have to integrate their methods and solutions with the goals and desires of all society's members”. This statement emphasizes the relevance of a holistic systems thinking approach in solving the multi-faceted global problems that we face now and will face in the future. This presentation will discuss the critical skills that engineers must have in the 2020 timeframe in order to contribute to devi...
Scaffolding Technology for Low Literacy Groups: From Mobile Phone to Desktop PC?

The capacity to use information technology at levels required for functioning well in society is important for accessing employment and education opportunities, health information, and civic engagement. Low capacity levels are closely associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), as measured by education, literacy levels, and income. In a world in which many employers of low-skill workers, such as Walmart, require an online application, lack of information technology competence is truly a handicap. Nonetheless, an opening exists that may help to address this problem: A growing number of people with low SES already possess and use simple computing devices in the form of cell (i.e., mobile) phones. This article uses an interpretive frames approach to explain why some U.S. adults, primarily indigenous to Appalachian Virginia, with low SES and low computer literacy might be able to learn basic computing skills and knowledge through the use of their cell phones. The study explored these ideas through short q...
Bone marrow transplant options and preferences in a sickle cell anemia cohort on chronic transfusions

Background Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donors can be curative for children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, minimal data exist regarding availability of HLA-identical matched siblings for transplant-eligible children, and family interest in pursuing transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a pediatric SCA cohort receiving chronic transfusions between July 2004 and January 2011. Data were analyzed regarding the number of full siblings and half-siblings, availability, and family interest in HLA testing the full siblings, and interest in proceeding with HLA-matched transplantation. Results Among 113 patients, 46 (41%) had at least 1 full sibling and 40 (35%) had an unaffected full sibling who could serve as a BMT donor. The families of 23 of these patients (58%) agreed to HLA-type sibling, 8 of whom (35%) were matched. Transfusion indications for families agreeing to HLA typing included stroke (46%) abnormal TCD (29%), acute chest syndrome (21%), and other CNS reasons (4%). Common reasons to decline HLA typing or transplantation included fear of the process, toxicities of the procedure, and comfort with current quality of life on transfusions. Only 8 of 113 (7%) were eligible for matched BMT, and only 3 (3%) underwent HLA-matched transplantation. Two unmatched children received haploidentical transplantation. Conclusions Most families of children with SCA on chronic transfusions choose to proceed with HLA typing. However, when a matched sibling was identified, most families declined to proceed with matched-sibling transplantation. Discussing BMT as a treatment option, offering HLA typing and identifying barriers may improve acceptance of this treatment modality. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 611–615. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topologically-Partitioned Power System State Estimation

Estimating the state of a large electric power system is an ill-conditioned computational task simply because of its size. This paper describes a technique which reduces the large state estimation problem to a set of smaller least-squares problems plus the solution of a square system. An observability algorithm developed earlier is used to partition the system into sub- networks whose states are estimated separately. These separate estimates are reconciled using the solution of an interconnecting subnetwork consisting entirely of measurements whose removal would render the full system unobservable. Under appropriate conditions, this partitioned state estimate is identical with the usual full least-squares estimate. Details of the implementation of this algorithm are given, and its application to the IEEE 30-bus network is described.
Reactive Flow Channelization in Fractured Cement-implications for Wellbore Integrity

Abstract Successful long-term geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to reduce increasing atmospheric levels is dependent on seal integrity. If wellbores that penetrate a sealing caprock have permeable fractures in or along a cemented annulus, the fractures provide a potentially fast path for leakage. Because the leaking fluids are reactive toward cement, understanding how reaction, transport, and flow are coupled along a cement fracture is critical to predicting leakage evolution over time. Core flow experiments conducted in our laboratory show channelized flow of acidic brine in fractured cement cores. By staining the initial flow path of an unreactive fluid along the core and comparing it with the final flow path after the acid is introduced we can show that reactive flow is localized to a fraction (16-40%) of the original flow path. This provides experimental evidence that reactive feedbacks can significantly alter the flow along the fracture and needs to be better understood to ensure safety of long-term geological CO 2 storage.
Significance of “Signet‐ring cells” seen in exfoliative and aspiration cytopathology

"Signet ring cell" (SRC) is a phenotypic designation for a cell with a large clear cytoplasmic vacuole displacing the nucleus to the periphery. Our study focuses on the cytopathologic significance of SRCs in the context of diagnostic range, ancillary studies, and clinical prognosis. A retrospective review revealed 83 cases of SRCs diagnosed in a 16-year period (1989-2004). Clinical data and ancillary studies were reviewed. The most common specimen types consisted of abdominal and pleural SCFs (45, 54%). Of the 83 cases, 13 (16%) were benign, 65 (78%) malignant, and 5 (6%) indeterminate. Benign lesions mostly comprised of reactive mesothelial cells (9 cases, 69%). Of the malignant lesions, 47 (72%) were metastases, 14 (22%) were primary cancers and 4 (6%) were local cancer recurrences. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent malignant diagnosis (53, 82%). All FNAs with SRCs had a malignant diagnosis. Cytopathologic diagnoses impacted clinical prognosis and survival times. The most common site for occurrence of SRCs is abdominal fluid and their presence usually indicates malignancy (78%). Most cancers with SRCs are metastatic in origin (72%) with a significant proportion from unknown primaries (51%). Cytologic diagnoses of SRCs for cancer have 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Introduction: "the sexual aberrations"--where do we stand today?

(2014). Introduction: “The Sexual Aberrations”—Where Do We Stand Today? The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 241-247.
Serous intraepithelial carcinoma arising in an endometrial polyp: a proposal for modification of terminology.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, most frequently presenting in postmenopausal women. Two major subtypes of endometrial adenocarcinoma are now well recognized. The more common (type 1) has an endometrioid morphology with several variants. The far more aggressive subtype (type II) that accounts for only 10% of cases more frequently displays a serous morphology, but may have pure clear cell differentiation. We present here an interesting aspect of the type II carcinoma manifested in a case we recently received for consultation at the Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital. Seven slides were available for review from a 67-year-old woman, who had undergone a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. An endometrial polyp (Figure 1) was the major finding. Within the polyp, a high-grade malignant serous epithelium focally replaced the surface epithelium and superficial glands of the endometrial polyp (Figure 2). Despite the absence of any myometrial invasion, endocervical mucosal involvement without stromal invasion was identified (Figure 3). The non-neoplastic endometrium was atrophic. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for p53 (Figure 4) and showed a high mitotic index on Ki-67 immunostain, supporting the morphologic impression. The clinical, morphologic examination, and immunohistochemical profile were classic for the so-called endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC).