cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The AUG start codon of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NFS1 gene can be substituted for by UUG without increased initiation of translation at downstream codons

The selection of the site for initiation of translation for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NFS1 gene was examined using mutated AUG1, AUG2 and AUG3 codons. When AUG1 of the yeast NFS1 gene was mutated to UUG and the resulting mRNA was translated in vitro using a reticulocyte system, initiation from the mutated codon was abolished and occurred instead at downstream codons at increased rates. When the same mRNA was translated using a yeast extract, translation initiated at the mutated codon, albeit at a reduced rate, and there was no increased translation at downstream AUG codons. The NFS1 gene in which AUG1 was replaced by UUG was also able to substitute for the wild-type gene in vivo in yeast. Western blots confirmed that the encoded protein was the same size as that encoded by the wild-type gene and that both the wild-type and mutated proteins localized to mitochondria. This is apparently the first example of a yeast protein where mutagenesis of AUG1 does not lead to alternate use of a downstream AUG.
Global Warming and the Neglected Greenhouse Gas: A Cross-National Study of the Social Causes of Methane Emissions Intensity, 1995

The human dimensions of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming attract considerable attention in macrosociology. However, cross-national analyses generally neglect greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide. The current study addresses this paucity through the testing of theoretically derived models for the social structural causes of the second largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming: methane emissions intensity. The cross-national analyses consider the effects of particular economic activities and their social organization as well as other domestic conditions and the environmental commitment of nation states. Results suggest that both the intensity and social organization of production in different sectors contribute to methane emissions per capita. In particular, the production of beef and veal, oil and natural gas, and biomass energy all positively affect methane emissions intensity. Evidence indicates that while the level of economic development and foreign direct investment in the manufacturing and petroleum sectors increases emissions, the level of state environmentalism has the opposite effect. These findings illustrate the necessity for social scientists to take more nuanced approaches when studying human-caused environmental degradation.
Tightly coupled GPS/IRS navigation for ADS-B

The FAA has proposed challenging requirements for the ADS-B navigation sensor FAA's recent Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) for ADS-B concludes WAAS meets the proposed requirements but says the FAA is considering whether tightly coupled GNSS/IRS navigation is an acceptable alternative. Navigation systems that tightly integrate GPS with an Inertial Reference System (IRS) are indeed an excellent positioning source for ADS-B. Air transport and business aircraft are beginning to use such systems for a variety of reasons unrelated to ADS-B, for example to improve availability for RNP 0.1 operations. This trend will accelerate over the coming decade. This paper describes tightly coupled GPS/IRS navigation systems and the benefits they provide. It shows they not only meet the ADS-B NPRM requirements for horizontal positioning, but they also offer several additional benefits that enhance ADS-B's capability to maintain air traffic flow under challenging conditions that would otherwise impede it.
Genome Sequencing Fishes out Longevity Genes

Understanding the molecular basis underlying aging is critical if we are to fully understand how and why we age-and possibly how to delay the aging process. Up until now, most longevity pathways were discovered in invertebrates because of their short lifespans and availability of genetic tools. Now, Reichwald et al. and Valenzano et al. independently provide a reference genome for the short-lived African turquoise killifish, establishing its role as a vertebrate system for aging research.
Synergy between spiramycin and metronidazole in the treatment of polymicrobial infections

The in-vitro and in-vivo activity of metronidazole and spiramycin, singly or in combination, was tested in the eradication of infection caused by Bacteroides spp. alone and in combination with Neisseria gonorrhoea, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes or Str. faecalis. The in-vitro tests consisted of determinations of the MICs with or without the addition of a constant amount of the other antimicrobials. The MICs of metronidazole for B. melaninogenicus, B. fragilis and B. bivius were significantly reduced by the addition of 0.125 mg/l spiramycin. The in-vivo tests were carried out in mice and consisted of measurements of the effects of the antimicrobial agents on the bacterial contents of abscesses induced by subcutaneous injection of bacterial suspension. Combined therapy of mixed infections showed further significant reduction of the numbers of Bacteroides spp. in seven of 12 combinations and of the aerobic and facultative bacteria in four of 12 combinations. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of facultative anaerobes was noted in mixed infections with Bacteroides spp. which were treated with metronidazole alone. The synergy in vitro and in vivo between metronidazole and spiramycin may have important clinical implications in the treatment of polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic infections.
The intra-articular deformity in osteochondrosis deformans tibiae.

Observations made at the time of surgical exploration of the knee in five patients with osteochondrosis deformans tibiae have been described. In each child, a similar deformity was noted, namely, depression of the posteromedial aspect of the articular surface of the tibia. Whether this deformity is the result of pressure inhibition of enchondral ossification within the epiphysis itself, a secondary effect of growth retardation in the posteromedial growth plate, or a combination of both requires further investigation. The clinical findings of bowing, tibial torsion, sagging of the knee into varus, excessive prominence of the fibular head in the standing position, and a posteromedial rocking instability in slight fiexion are confirmatory clinical signs of intra-articular incongruity.
Section 2036 Ruling May Force Bengals Out of Cincinnati

Lee Sheppard has written recently in these pages of how the Service has assisted the estate planning objectives of plutocrats who own professional sports teams to keep their franchises in their local communities. (See Tax Notes, May 15, 1995, p. 881.) As Ms. Sheppard has explained, the Service recently approved an elaborate plan devised by the late Ewing Kauffman to keep the Royals baseball team in Kansas City. When Kauffman died in 1993, he left the team to the Greater Kansas City Community Foundation, and the Service recently blessed the estate's claimed charitable deduction by ruling that the foundation served the charitable purpose of keeping the team in Kansas City. Tech. Adv. Mem. 9518002 (Jan. 23, 1995), however, may force the Bengals football team to move out of Cincinnati by its use of the substance over form doctrine to recharacterize a transaction designed by the late Paul Brown to leave the team to his children.
Computational Studies on a Carbenoid Mechanism for the Doering–Moore–Skattebøl Reaction

The reaction of geminal dihalocyclopropanes with metals or alkyllithiums affords carbenoids which undergo low-temperature ring opening to allenes; this is known as the Doering-Moore-Skattebol reaction. DFT and CCSD(T)//DFT computations have been used to model the structure, coordination state, and ring opening of 1-bromo-1-lithiocyclopropane as a model for cyclopropylcarbenoid chemistry. Both implicit (PCM) and explicit solvation models have been applied. Carbenoid ring opening is similar to the process predicted in earlier studies on cyclopropylidene. The initial disrotatory stereochemistry becomes conrotatory en route to the allene-LiBr complex. Predissociation of the carbenoid to cyclopropylidene + LiBr is not supported by computations. DFT computations predict modestly exergonic dimerization of the carbenoid, with or without solvation, and the dimer appears to be the most likely reactive species in solution. Predicted barriers to ring opening are only modestly affected by solvation or by dimer formation, remaining in the range of 9-12 kcal/mol throughout.
Adsolubilization of Naphthalene and α-Naphthol in CnTAB Admicelles

The adsolubilization of organic solutes with similar structures but varying polarities, both individually and in pairs, in CnTAB (n = 12, 14, 16) admicelles was studied. The partition coefficients were calculated for each system to determine the suggested locus of adsolubilization within the admicelles, through which we hope to gather a better understanding of the interior nature of the adsorbed aggregates. By measuring the adsolubilization of organic solutes with varying polarities, we will investigate the adsolubilization capacities of the core and palisade regions within the admicelle and their interactions within the admicelle. Decreasing the tail length will allow for the effects of surfactant tail length and admicelle packing on the adsolubilization process to be examined. The results indicate that there is not a clear relationship between surfactant tail length and the maximum solute adsolubilization. Through an examination of the plateau adsorption and the area per molecule for each surfactant, su...
Suburbanization and Church Participation

confusions, gave an opportunity for the presentation of factual knowledge, drew attention to existing local problems, utilized the vast reservoir of experience and knowledge held by the participants, provided for the collection of some field data needed for training and research, and gave some help and support to the service personnel working with Spanish-speaking peoples. The outcomes have been favorable enough and the importance of the issues clearly enough seen to enlist the continued support of the leaders in Austin of both Englishand Spanish-speaking peoples, administrators and scholars, service professionals and lay representatives, as well as others, so that the project has been carried on into its fourth term.
Statistical analysis of modal properties of a cable-stayed bridge through long-term structural health monitoring with wireless smart sensor networks

Understanding the dynamic behavior of complex structures such as long-span bridges requires dense deployment of sensors. Traditional wired sensor systems are generally expensive and time-consuming to install due to cabling. With wireless communication and on-board computation capabilities, wireless smart sensor networks have the advantages of being low cost, easy to deploy and maintain and therefore facilitate dense instrumentation for structural health monitoring. A long-term monitoring project was recently carried out for a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea with a dense array of 113 smart sensors, which feature the world’s largest wireless smart sensor network for civil structural monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of the modal properties including natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of the monitored cable-stayed bridge. Data analyzed in this paper is composed of structural vibration signals monitored during a 12-month period under ambient excitations. The correlation between environmental temperature and the modal frequencies is also investigated. The results showed the long-term statistical structural behavior of the bridge, which serves as the basis for Bayesian statistical updating for the numerical model.
Intent to Impact – Diluted Safe Water Monitoring

In early 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) made an important announcement: “The world has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water, well in advance of the MDG 2015 deadline” (WHO/UNICEF, Millennium development goal drinking water target World Health Organization. United Nations Children’s Fund, Geneva, 2012a). Major news organizations heralded the accomplishment. The editors of The Lancet used the occasion to draw attention to underachievement other MDG targets but still acknowledged the water announcement as “some good news to celebrate” (The Lancet, Lancet 379(9820):978. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60412-7, 2012). There was little celebrating, however, among many who work at the intersection of water and health. This is because the way progress is measured on the MDG water target—by counting those that have access to “improved water supplies”—does not fully address water quality, quantity and sustainable access—key components of the target that are fundamental to human health. Overly simplistic metrics used to monitor progress on important health and development goals can be misleading. Monitoring that relies on poor indicators can exaggerate progress. Even worse, however, inadequate assessments of environmental health interventions can undermine the proper allocation of scarce resources to where they can best advance the intended goals. This chapter describes how existing monitoring of water supplies in low-income settings fails to address the key health-based conditions that the MDG water targets sought to encourage. Its aim is to use the inadequacy of international water monitoring as a case study to demonstrate the critical need to carefully align targets with conditions that are most likely to advance the overall goals, and the potential consequences of failing to do so.
3β-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria of rat adrenal homogenates

The activity of 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51) in the mitochondrial fraction of rat adrenal homogenates was approx. 31% of the total activity recovered after differential centrifugation and washing of the particulate fractions. Some 45% of the total activity was found in the microsomal fraction. The activity was assayed by a radioisotopic method devised in this laboratory for the purpose of studying small quantities of tissue and cell fractions. Satisfactory separation of the two fractions was demonstrated by electron microscopy of the pellets and by comparative recoveries of RNA, steroid 21-hydroxylase and cytochrome c oxidase in the various compartments. Analyses of the kinetics of the enzyme activity in the two fractions revealed no significant differences in apparent Km for pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone or NAD+, but demonstrated a distinct difference in the Km for NADP+. pH optima and susceptibility to cyanoketone inhibition were similar in both fractions.
Genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease in which multiple genes appear to play important roles in pathogenesis. Hereditary deficiencies, both complete and partial, of several components of the complement system clearly predispose to lupus. HLA class II alleles appear to mediate specific autoantibodies, many of which are pathogenic. Modern molecular techniques are now providing insight into the specific major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphisms that are associated with different autoantibodies in SLE. Other genetic systems also may be important.
A Stochastic Model of Radionuclide Migration from Natural and Engineered Repositories

A stochastic model is being developed to analyze available migration data from existing radionuclide repositories, as a tool for assessing the adequacy of geologic formations as long term repositories of high level nuclear wastes. Since factual data on long term disposal of commercial nuclear wastes do not exist, the data needed for licensing and regulatory decisions on nuclear waste management must come from controlled laboratory and field experiments and from indirect sources. Much information is already available from the former. For example, considerable efforts are underway in the DOE-sponsored program to develop methods for forecasting radionuclide migration. Two major programs are the general models being developed at Sandia Laboratories (1) and at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (2). The Sandia program is a mathematical model to estimate the long term stability of engineered repositories, while the PNL model is focused on repository performance assessment (acronymed WIPAP). The Sandia program uses analytical approaches to estimate the geologic stability based on probabilistic models and numerical simulation, and are being applied to idealized waste repositories. The PNL program is divided into two parts, 1) release scenarios and 2) consequence analysis, the release scenarios are analyzed by a number of techniques, such as lumped-parameters simulation simulation, Monte Carlo simulation, and fault/event tree analyses. Stottlemeyre et al.(3) described a simplified one-dimensional model to simulate the system response to potential disruptive phenomena over time. The model is being developed to expand its capability. Although it now operates in a deterministic manner, based on user selected scenarios, it is planned to develop the model for stochastic operation. The consequence analysis involves deterministic modeling of the processes transporting the release radionuclides through dose commitment.
'Body-in-the-Loop' Optimization of Assistive Robotic Devices: A Validation Study.

Physiological measures, such as pain, anxiety, effort, or energy consumption, play a crucial role in the evaluation and development of assistive robotic devices. Physiological data are collected and analyzed by researchers and clinicians, and are often used to inform an iterative tuning process of a device and its controller. Currently, these data are collected then analyzed offline such that they are only evaluated after the experiment has ended. This makes any iterative design process tedious and time consuming since tuning must be done on a subject-by-subject basis and for a variety of tasks that the device is intended to be used for. To overcome these drawbacks, we are proposing a new type of human-machine interaction that is based on measuring and using physiological measurements in real-time. By continuously monitoring a physiological objective through a set of suitable sensors, we propose conducting an optimization of a set of controller parameters that shape the assistance provided by the device. In other words, we pose an optimization that includes the human body in the loop. This Body-in-the-Loop optimization allows for optimal subject specific control and has the potential to be used for controller adaptation to changing environments. We validated this concept in an extensive human subject study where we autonomously optimized the actuation onset of a pair of bilateral ankle exoskeletons to minimize user’s metabolic effort.
Inertial Instability and Mesoscale Convective Systems. part II. Symmetric CISK in a Baroclinic Flow

Abstract Numerous budget studies of organized persistent systems of convective clouds outside the tropics suggest that circulations of mesoscale proportions are important in supplying moisture to the convective clouds, though the dynamical nature of mesoscale flows remains poorly defined. In Part I (Emanuel, 1979, hereafter referred to as Part I) it is demonstrated that circulations resulting from symmetric instability of shear flows in rotating fluids have a fundamentally mesoscale character in that both ambient rotation and ageostrophic advection are necessary for instability. The results of Part I are here extended to include the effects of latent heat release in a conditionally unstable atmosphere, using the formalism of the CISK approach. It is found that the presence of shear parallel to the wave fronts introduces new wave-CISK modes which are not strongly dependent on the specified vertical structure of the cumulus heating. The new baroclinic modes are of mesoscale dimensions, have growth rates pro...
AN INVESTIGATION INTO SOME READING PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS IN AWKA SOUTH JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

In Nigeria inefficiency in reading continues to be an endemic educational problem, often resulting in mass examination failure and incessant outcries against the falling standard of education in general and English in particular. The vital position of reading in all learning situations makes it imperative that for the child to succeed in School, he must learn to read well. Unfortunately, junior secondary school students are still challenged by a number of problems in an attempt to attain this goal. This work seeks to identify some of these problems and then proffer some solutions to alleviate them. The cognitive theory of language learning and the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis will be adopted in this study. Secondary schools were used as examples while simple percentages were adopted in the research analysis. The Government, parents, teachers and even the students, all have roles to play in fighting this monster.
The Case of Philip of Mahdiyya: A Medieval Murder Mystery

Birk examines the mid-twelfth-century trial of Philip of Mahdiyya in detail, using two sources, one Arabic, the other Latin, which historians have used to illustrate a growing hostility toward Islam within the Sicilian court. Birk demonstrates that the texts reveal far more about attitudes toward Muslims in early thirteenth-century Sicily than twelfth-century perspectives. He argues that thirteenth-century writers recounting the trial of Philip of Mahdiyya wrestled with the potential anxiety caused by what they perceived as the culturally and religiously ambiguous past of mid-twelfth-century Muslims, as well as the cultural and institutional hybridity of the Sicilian court. The chapter shows that they resolved this anxiety by projecting a binary religious polarization onto a much more complex mid-twelfth-century past.
The assessment and characterization of the built-in internal photometer of primary diagnostic monitors.

The purpose of this work was to perform the initial evaluation of primary diagnostic monitor (PDM) characteristics following the implementation of New York City quality assurance (NYC QA) regulations on January 1, 2016, and compare the results of the QA measurements performed by an external photometer and the PDM manufacturer's built-in photometer. TG-18 and Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers test patterns were used to evaluate monitor performance. Overall, 79 PDMs were included in the analysis. The verification of grayscale standard display function (GSDF) calibration, using a built-in photometer, showed that only 2 out of 79 PDMs failed calibration. However, the same measurements performed by the external luminance meter showed that 15 out of 79 monitors had failed GSDF calibration. Measurements of the PDMs maximum luminance (Lmax), using an external photometer showed that 10 out of 53 PDMs calibrated for Lmax = 400 cd/m2 and 17 out of 26 PDMs calibrated for Lmax = 500 cd/m2 do not meet the manufacturer's recommended 10% tolerance limit for the target Lmax calibration. Two PDMs did not pass the Lmax ≥ 350 cd/m2 NYC QA regulations with Lmax = 331 cd/m2 and Lmax = 340 cd/m2. All tested PDMs exceeded the minimum luminance ratio (LR) of 250:1 as required by NYC QA regulations. Measurements taken of Lmax and LR performed by a built-in photometer showed that none of the PDMs had failed the NYC QA regulations. All PDMs passed the luminance uniformity test with a maximum nonuniformity of 17% (according to NYC regulations it must be less than 30%). The luminance uniformity test could only be performed using an external photometer. The evaluation of 79 PDMs of various ages and models demonstrated up to 18% disagreement between luminance measurements performed by the manufacturer's built-in photometer when compared with those performed by an externally calibrated luminance meter. These disagreements were larger for older PDMs.
``Peierls substitution'' and Chern-Simons Quantum mechanics

Abstract Drawing on insights from Chern-Simons theory, we give an elementary derivation for the “Peierls substitution” used in projecting dynamics in a strong magnetic field onto the lowest Landau level. The projection of wave functions and the ordering prescription for the projected Hamiltonian is explained.
Lessons Learned for Successful Dissertation Completion From Social Work Doctoral Graduates

ABSTRACTA dissertation demonstrates a doctoral candidate’s knowledge of a content area, mastery of research methodology, and readiness for future scholarship. Doctoral candidates, social work programs, and the profession as a whole are invested in ensuring that candidates successfully complete dissertations and enter academic, research, and leadership positions. This strengths-based study offers the wisdom of recent social work doctoral graduates (N = 196). Data were collected by an online survey and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings described sources of support, managing a project of this scope, considerations in study design, and effective research attitudes and behaviors. Implications for social work education are discussed.
A multi-track elevator system for E-commerce fulfillment centers

Fulfillment centers located in densely populated urban areas are an ever-growing need for leading online consumer websites. These urban fulfillment centers have limited land mass and must have innovative solutions to transport goods within the available vertical space. This work presents a Multi-Track Elevator (MTE) System, a competitive solution for rapid access and retrieval of goods in high-rise e-commerce fulfillment centers and warehouses. The MTE System consists of multiple vertical rails connected with angular traverse rails that allow multiple carriages to go up and down without collision. A novel turning point system switches track routes so that several carriages can move across the multiple rails for rapidly accessing many floors and collecting diverse goods. Unlike existing vertical-horizontal grid elevators and rail systems, the Roller-coaster type, self-powered carriages on the MTE system do not have to stop at switching points, but can continually move across the network of rails. This work walks through the architecture of the rail network system and techniques for switching multiple rails, followed by the design of vertical turntables for smooth, continuous rail switching. Finally, outlining the use of a simple route optimization algorithm, diverse elevator systems are compared with respect to total traveling time and distance. A proof-of-concept prototype has been built and is presented.
Exploring the Unique Selectivity of Hydrophobic Cation Exchanger Nuvia cPrime for the Removal of a Major Process Impurity: A Case Study with IgM.

BACKGROUND Mixed-mode chromatography is becoming an important tool for downstream process purification, as it provides the selectivity and robustness unmatched by conventional singlemode chromatographic methods. The joint action of multiple functionalities present on the ligands of mixed-mode chromatography matrices effectively enhances the separation of target molecules from impurities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using Nuvia cPrime as an example, we elucidate the separation principles of hydrophobic cation exchange mixed-mode chromatography and its difference from traditional strong cation exchangers. We have developed a Nuvia cPrime based polish purification step specifically for the removal of a major process contaminant, which has an isoelectric point similar to that of the target monoclonal IgM molecule. Additional purification was accomplished using a second mixed-mode chromatography column packed with Ceramic Hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSION The monoclonal IgM prepared with this new process fully retained its biological activity and was free of high molecular weight aggregates, a product quality that was not achievable in previous attempts using traditional ion exchange or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Small cell and non small cell lung cancer form metastasis on cellular 4D lung model

Metastasis is the main cause of death for lung cancer patients. The ex vivo 4D acellular lung model has been shown to mimic this metastatic process. However, the main concern is the model’s lack of cellular components of the tumor’s microenvironment. In this study, we aim to determine if the intact lung microenvironment will still allow lung cancer metastasis to form. We harvested a heart-lung block from a rat and placed it in a bioreactor after cannulating the pulmonary artery, trachea and tying the right main bronchus for 10–15 days without any tumor cells as a control group or with NSCLC (A549, H1299 or H460), SCLC (H69, H446 or SHP77) or breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 or MDAMB231) through the trachea. We performed lobectomy, H&E staining and IHC for human mitochondria to determine the primary tumor’s growth and formation of metastatic lesions. In addition, we isolated circulating tumor cells (CTC) from the model seeded with GFP tagged cells. In the control group, no gross tumor nodules were found, H&E staining showed hyperplastic cells and IHC showed no staining for human mitochondria. All of the models seeded with cancer cell lines formed gross primary tumor nodules that had microscopic characteristics of human cancer cells on H&E staining with IHC showing staining for human mitochondria. CTC were isolated for those cells labeled with GFP and they were viable in culture. Finally, all cell lines formed metastatic lesions with cells stained for human mitochondria. The cellular ex vivo 4D model shows that human cancer cells can form a primary tumor, CTC and metastatic lesions in an intact cellular environment. This study suggests that the natural matrix scaffold is the only necessary component to drive metastatic progression and that cellular components play a role in modulating tumor progression.
Constructing a critical phase in a population of interacting two-state stochastic units

Abstract We discuss how to generate an extended critical phase by controlling, with two control parameters, the transition rates of two-state stochastic units. The Langevin equation describing the mean field dynamics becomes strongly nonlinear and admits large fluctuations everywhere in the critical phase. Appropriate construction of transition rates allows the interacting system to be tuned to a critical line with the first control parameter, and then finely tuned along the critical line with respect to a tricritical point by adjusting the second control parameter. We introduce a basic model for interacting units, a perturbation of an existing opinion dynamics model, that displays these properties of extended criticality.
Cultural Ferment in Greenwich Village

College grads were descending on New York’s Greenwich Village seeking career paths and social justice. They joined the progressive Liberal and the feminist Heterodoxy Clubs. Bergson and psychoanalysis were all the rage and Hinkle introduced Jung to this downtown circle. Her translation of Jung’s Transformations and Symbols of the Libido was a best-seller and she was instrumental in starting The Seven Arts which published many new literary voices. Change was in the air, artists sponsored the Armory Show that introduced modern European art to the American public; this influenced Jung’s ideas about the art that he did in his Red Book and his opinions about cubism. The Provincetown Players showcased plays by O’Neill and Glaspell that were imbued with psychoanalytic insights into the human personality.
The Age of Plato and Aristotle

In covering the classic Greek contribution to science we could enumerate many steps; for example, Diodes of Carystus (ca. 350 BC) founded the Dogmatic School of Medicine, and around 300 BC, wrote the first known anatomy book, based on animal dissection and observation of human subjects. But our aim is to select some seminal concepts that influenced future developments in biology. From this perspective, Aristotle and Plato are by far the most important of the Greek philosophers: They dominate physiological thought for the next thousand years, and are the sources of enduring inspiration and long-lasting misconceptions.
Weyl’s inequality

The purpose of this chapter is to develop some analytical tools that will be needed to prove the Hardy—Littlewood asymptotic formula for Waring’s problem and other results in additive number theory. The most important of these tools are two inequalities for exponential sums, Weyl’s inequality and Hua’s lemma. We shall also introduce partial summation, infinite products, and Euler products.
The Metabolome of a Cyanobacterial Bloom Visualized by MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals New Neurotoxic Smenamide Analogs (C, D, and E).

Members of the cyanobacteria genus Trichodesmium are well known for their substantial impact on nitrogen influx in ocean ecosystems and the enormous surface blooms they form in tropical and subtropical locations. However, the secondary metabolite composition of these complex environmental bloom events is not well known, nor the possibility of the production of potent toxins that have been observed in other bloom-forming marine and freshwater cyanobacteria species. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the metabolome of a Trichodesmium bloom utilizing MS/MS-based molecular networking. Furthermore, we integrated cytotoxicity assays in order to identify and ultimately isolate potential cyanotoxins from the bloom. These efforts led to the isolation and identification of several members of the smenamide family, including three new smenamide analogs (1-3) as well as the previously reported smenothiazole A - hybrid polyketide-peptide compounds. Two of these new smenamides possessed cytotoxicity to neuro-2A cells (1 and 3) and their presence elicits further questions as to their potential ecological roles. HPLC profiling and molecular networking of chromatography fractions from the bloom revealed a complex secondary metabolome, generating hypotheses with respect to the environmental role of these metabolites and the consistency of this chemical composition across genera, space and time.
False-Positive Interpretations of Carcinoma in Exfoliative Respiratory Cytology: Report of Two Cases and a Review of Underlying Disorders

The false-positive interpretation of malignancy is a potential pitfall of exfoliative respiratory tract cytopathology. However, the underlying causes of this problem are still relatively under-recognized. The authors herein present two additional examples in which bronchial brushing and washing specimens were misinterpreted as showing carcinoma of the lung. The first case concerned a patient with a granulomatous mass that simulated a malignancy on chest radiographs and was the apparent cause of atypical bronchial squamous metaplasia (ABSM). Exfoliated cells from the latter process were thought to explain the false-positive cytologic result in that instance. In the second case, a large-cell angiocentric T-cell lymphoma replaced the lower lobe of the left lung. It was likewise associated with ABSM as the cause of a mistaken diagnosis of carcinoma in exfoliative respiratory cytology specimens, representing the first instance of such an association of which the authors are aware. Repeated evaluation of all bronchial cytology samples by several experienced pathologists yielded no reliable observations that might have been used to avoid an erroneous interpretation in either case. A review is provided of the spectrum of underlying conditions that may be associated with false-positive respiratory cytology results.
Performance Evaluation of Processing Methods for Ballistocardiogram Peak Detection

Several methods are proposed in the literature to detect ballistocardiogram (BCG) peaks. There is a need to narrow these methods down in terms of their performance under similar conditions. This study reports early results from a systematic performance evaluation. To date, we have replicated three methods from the literature and compared their performance using data from five volunteers. A basic cross-correlation approach was also included as a baseline level of performance. The best-performing method had an average peak-detection success rate of 95.0{%, associated with 0.1090 average false alarms per second and 0.0078 s mean standard deviation between real and detected peaks.
Interactive Effects of Hypoxia and Temperature on Coastal Pelagic Zooplankton and Fish

Hypoxia, triggered in large part by eutrophication, exerts widespread and expanding stress on coastal ecosystems. Hypoxia is often specifically defined as water having dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations < 2 mg L-1. However, DO concentration alone is insufficient to categorize hypoxic stress or predict impacts of hypoxia on zooplankton and fish. Hypoxic stress depends on the oxygen supply relative to metabolic demand and water temperature controls both oxygen solubility and the metabolic demand of aquatic ectotherms. Accordingly, to assess impacts of hypoxia requires consideration of effects of temperature on both oxygen availability and animal metabolism. Temperature differences across ecosystems or across seasons or years within an ecosystem can dramatically impact the severity of hypoxia even at similar DO concentrations. Low DO can have various non-lethal outcomes for pelagic zooplankton and fish depending on temperature and the physiological tolerances of impacted species. Living under sub-optimum DO can reduce temperature-dependent metabolic efficiencies, prey capture efficiency, growth and reproductive potential, thus impacting production and individual zooplankton and fish fitness. Avoidance of hypoxic bottom water can reduce or eliminate low-temperature thermal refuges for organisms and increase energy demands and respiration rates, and potentially reduce overall fitness if alternative habitats are sub-optimal. Moreover, differential habitat shifts among species can alter predator-prey interactions and modify food webs. For example, more tolerant zooplankton prey may use hypoxic waters as a refuge from fish predation. In contrast, zooplankton avoidance of hypoxic bottom waters can result in prey aggregations at oxyclines sought out by fish predators. Hypoxic conditions that affect spatial ecology can drive taxonomic and size shifts in the zooplankton community, affecting foraging, consumption and growth of fish. Advances in understanding the ecological effects of low DO waters on pelagic zooplankton and fish and comparisons among ecosystems will need to develop generic models and robust metrics that include thermal conditions of hypoxic waters and adjacent habitats.
Devices for Weight Loss and Fatty Tissue

Traditional methods for body shaping and weight loss include diet, exercise, and invasive liposuction. In the last several years, multiple novel non-invasive devices for body shaping and fat sculpting have been developed. These technologies include: manual massage, laser, ultrasound, radiofrequency, and cold exposure. These devices have become increasingly popular, as patients desire simple, safe, non-invasive methods to remove and reshape unwanted fat.
Gender Equity: Donald E. Klingner

This editorial will review the legal, political, economic, and social status of women in the United States. It will discuss these and other barriers to gender equity, such as sex role stereotyping,...
Skeletal muscle DNA methylation modifications and psychopharmacologic treatment in bipolar disorder

Both severe mental illness and atypical antipsychotics have been independently associated with insulin resistance and weight gain. Altered regulation of skeletal muscle DNA methylation may play a role. We aimed to evaluate DNA methylation modifications in human skeletal muscle samples to further understand its potential role in the metabolic burden observed in psychiatric patients and psychopharmacologic treatment. Subjects were included in our study if they had a bipolar diagnosis and were currently treated with a mood stabilizer or atypical antipsychotic. A healthy control group free of psychiatric or physical disease was also included for comparisons. Anthropometric, BMI and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C%) were measured. Fasting skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained and methylation levels of 5-methycytosine (5-mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) were measured. Skeletal muscle global methylation of 5-mC and 5-fC were significantly higher in bipolar subjects compared to healthy controls. 5-mC was significantly higher in the AAP group compared to the mood stabilizer group. Significant correlations were observed between 5-fC methylation and HbA1C%. Our findings suggest that psychiatric disease and treatment may influence some methylation measures in the skeletal muscle of patients with bipolar disorder, which may be further influenced by medication treatment.
The Heroic Stand of Bernardo (Fierabras and Rodrigo)

This article examines the parallels between the stories of Bernardo del Carpio, Fierabras, and Rodrigo, the young Cid. These warrior heroes have not previously been studied together, since at first glance they appear to have little in common, emerging as they do in different periods and, in the case of Fierabras, belonging to a competing epic tradition while representing another culture and religion altogether. Yet, the initial observation that all they confront the same enemy, the army of Charlemagne (or of the king of France), leads to the discovery of additional and more significant parallels. The subsequent analysis of the common aspects of these three very distinctive and seemingly unrelated epic narratives provides new insights into the nature of the evolution of epic narrative, the transmigration of heroic deeds among divergent protagonists, and the ability of these same deeds to transcend more abstract concerns such as nationality, allegiance, and enmity.
Towards Understanding Online Question & Answer Interactions and their effects on student performance in large-scale STEM classes

Online question & answer (Q & A) is a distinctive type of online interaction that is impactful on student learning. Prior studies on online interaction in large-scale classes mainly focused on online discussion and were conducted mainly in non-STEM fields. This research aims to quantify the effects of online Q & A interactions on student performance in the context of STEM education. 218 computer science students from a large university in the southeastern United States participated in this research. Data of four online Q & A activities was mined from the online Q & A forum for the course, including three student activities (asking questions, answering questions and viewing questions/answers) and one instructor activity (answering questions/providing clarifications). These activities were found to have different effects on student performance. Viewing questions/answers was found to have the greatest effect, while interaction with instructors showed minimum effects. This research fills the gap of lacking research in online Q & A, and the results of this research can inform the effective usage of online Q & A in large-scale STEM courses.
The Emerging Need for Combined Heart and Liver Transplantation in Congenital Heart Disease

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are living longer due to advances in cardiovascular medicine. We sought to review the physiology and evaluation of these CHD patients who demonstrate the emerging need for combined heart and liver transplantation. The principal population affected by failing cardiohepatic physiology are those with single-ventricle physiology palliated to Fontan. Patients are evaluated by a multidisciplinary team including transplant cardiology and hepatology to determine the degree of liver damage and necessity of combined heart and liver transplantation. While still only performed at a limited number of centers, early data suggest good graft and patient survival. Combined heart and liver transplantation is warranted in a specific subset of patients with CHD. En bloc heart and liver transplantation may offer benefits including reduction in ischemia times. As experience increases, additional guidelines to help direct care for these patients will be warranted.
Personal Recollections on Fritz Lipmann During the Early Years of Coenzyme a Research

My relationship with Prof. Fritz Lipmann has been unique in many respects. During this brief presentation I would like to review with you my personal recollection of seven years, 1946 to 1953, of close association with Fritz Lipmann that will illustrate his unusual creative ability and intellectual capacity which spans a great era of biochemistry and medicine. Lipmann has been called the “scientist’s scientist.” As with other great men, we find in Lipmann that happy combination of mind and soul. Lipmann is a modest, soft-spoken man of great humility who is not only admired and respected for his scientific abilities, but who is loved by his associates for the greatness of his human character.
One Shot Spatial Learning through Replay in a Hippocampus-Inspired Reinforcement Learning Model

The neural basis of spatial cognition and learning in mammals has been studied extensively for several decades. Research has focused in particular on the place cells of the hippocampus and the grid cells found in the entorhinal cortex. In turn, these studies have inspired several models for robotic navigation. One interesting, experimentally observed, feature of spatial learning in rodents is the importance of replay, where animals replay sequences of spatial representations they have experienced in order to learn and make decisions. This feature too has been incorporated into some computational models. In this paper, we describe a new approach to learning navigation in mazes using replay of intrinsically generated sequences rather than relying only on experienced sequences. We show that this improves generalization, and leads to effective one-shot learning that is closer to what is observed in animals.
Feasibility Trial of a Mind-Body Activity Pain Management Program for Older Adults With Cognitive Decline.

Background and objectives The relationship between chronic pain (CP) and cognitive decline (CD) is bidirectional among older adults. The CP-CD comorbidity can progressively worsen cognitive, physical, emotional, and social functioning with aging. We explored the feasibility and outcomes associated with two mind-body activity programs for CP and CD that focus on increasing walking using time goals (Active Brains) or step-count reinforced via Fitbit (Active Brains-Fitbit). Research design and methods Older adults with CP and CD participated in a non-randomized open pilot of Active Brains (n = 6) and Active Brains-Fitbit (n = 6) followed by exit interviews. Quantitative analysis explored feasibility markers and signals of improvement on physical, cognitive, and emotional function, as well as additional program targets. Qualitative analyses were predominantly deductive and applied the Framework Method to enhance the programs and methodology. Results Both programs met a-priori feasibility benchmarks. We found within-group improvements for pain intensity, pain-specific coping, physical function, and cognitive function in both programs. Exit interviews confirmed high satisfaction with both programs. Discussion and implications Our mixed methods data provide preliminary evidence of feasibility, showed promise for improving outcomes, and yielded critical information to further enhance the programs. We discuss "lessons learned" and future directions.