cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finger tapping and pre-attentive sensorimotor timing in adults with ADHD.

Sensorimotor timing deficits are considered central to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the tasks establishing timing impairments often involve interconnected processes, including low-level sensorimotor timing and higher level executive processes such as attention. Thus, the source of timing deficits in ADHD remains unclear. Low-level sensorimotor timing can be isolated from higher level processes in a finger-tapping task that examines the motor response to unexpected shifts of metronome onsets. In this study, adults with ADHD and ADHD-like symptoms (n = 25) and controls (n = 26) performed two finger-tapping tasks. The first assessed tapping variability in a standard tapping task (metronome-paced and unpaced). In the other task, participants tapped along with a metronome that contained unexpected shifts (±15, 50 ms); the timing adjustment on the tap following the shift captures pre-attentive sensorimotor timing (i.e., phase correction) and thus should be free of potential higher order confounds (e.g., attention). In the standard tapping task, as expected, the ADHD group had higher timing variability in both paced and unpaced tappings. However, in the pre-attentive task, performance did not differ between the ADHD and control groups. Together, results suggest that low-level sensorimotor timing and phase correction are largely preserved in ADHD and that some timing impairments observed in ADHD may stem from higher level factors (such as sustained attention).
Potentiation by potassium iodide reveals that the anionic porphyrin TPPS4 is a surprisingly effective photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation.

Abstract We recently reported that addition of the non-toxic salt, potassium iodide can potentiate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of a broad-spectrum of microorganisms, producing many extra logs of killing. If the photosensitizer (PS) can bind to the microbial cells, then delivering light in the presence of KI produces short-lived reactive iodine species, while if the cells are added after light the killing is caused by molecular iodine produced as a result of singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of iodide. In an attempt to show the importance of PS-bacterial binding, we compared two charged porphyrins, TPPS4 (thought to be anionic and not able to bind to Gram-negative bacteria) and TMPyP4 (considered cationic and well able to bind to bacteria). As expected TPPS4 + light did not kill Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but surprisingly when 100 mM KI was added, it was highly effective (eradication at 200 nM + 10 J/cm2 of 415 nm light). TPPS4 was more effective than TMPyP4 in eradicating the Gram-positive bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal yeast Candida albicans (regardless of KI). TPPS4 was also highly active against E. coli after a centrifugation step when KI was added, suggesting that the supposedly anionic porphyrin bound to bacteria and Candida. This was confirmed by uptake experiments. We compared the phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate derivative (ClAlPCS4), which did not bind to bacteria or allow KI-mediated killing of E. coli after a spin, suggesting it was truly anionic. We conclude that TPPS4 behaves as if it has some cationic character in the presence of bacteria, which may be related to its delivery from suppliers in the form of a dihydrochloride salt.
LOWER EXTREMITY KINEMATICS OF ACL-REPAIRED AND NON-INJURED FEMALES WHEN USING KNEE SAVERS®.

Background Knee Savers® (KS) are an ergonomic aid purported to lessen the risk of injuries linked to deep squats. While widely used in sports such as baseball and softball, KS have not been tested to determine their effect upon lower extremity kinematics in any population. Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine if KS influenced the lower extremity kinematics when females with previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstruction and healthy participants completed an end-range squat. Study design A repeated measures, counter-balanced laboratory study design was used. Methods Twenty female participants (mean (SD) - age: 21.65 (2.06) yrs, height: 175.26 (9.29) cm, weight: 64.66 (7.72) kg) with a history of ACL-repair (n=10) or non-injury (n=10) completed this study. Participants completed a standardized trial of three deep squats with and without KS. Movement was analyzed using 2D video analysis methods increasingly available in clinical environments. Results During the ascending phases of a squatting motion, there was significantly greater medial (p = .009) and lateral (p = .005) motion of the patella in the frontal plane for non-injured participants, when compared to the ACL-repaired group. No significant differences were found in sagittal plane lower extremity kinematics when squatting with and without KS. Ascending angular velocity was slower in ACL-repaired than non-injured females (p = .008) and slower with the KS than without KS for non-injured females (p = .007). Conclusions When squatting with and without KS, the non-injured group experienced more frontal plane motion at the knee, compared to the ACL-repaired group. However, while KS are purported to influence lower extremity joint positions during the bottom phase of a deep squat, the data from the current study did not support this claim. Additionally, KS appear to slow ascending velocity for those without a history of ACL-repair. These findings may have clinically meaningful implications for athletes who use KS during sport activities. Level of evidence Level 2.
Predicting Risk of Postoperative Disease Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease: Patients With Indolent Crohn’s Disease Have Distinct Whole Transcriptome Profiles at the Time of First Surgery

Background Assessing risk of Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence following ileocolic resection (ICR) is necessary to optimize medical management and prevent long-term complications. This study aimed to identify noninvasive markers that could predict postoperative disease activity. Methods Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of CD, first ICR, interval colonoscopy, and whole transcriptome array meeting quality control standards. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record. RNA extraction and human transcriptome microarray were performed on noninflamed ileal margins from operative specimens. Clinical data and random forest were analyzed in R. Principal components analysis, hierarchical clustering, and pathway enrichment were performed in Partek. Results Sixty-five patients completed the study, and 5 were excluded from analysis due to extreme variability on whole transcriptome analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed that patients with an i0 Rutgeerts score generally segregated from all others. In anti-TNF-naive patients, unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed complete segregation of patients with an i0 score. Reduced escalation in therapy and continued mucosal remission, consistent with indolent disease, were seen in the 4 years following surgery. Random forest identified 30 transcripts differentiating i0 patients from the other groups. Pathway enrichment highlighted toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and TNF signaling. This transcriptome signature did not identify i0 anti-TNF-exposed patients. However, anti-TNF-exposed patients with indolent postoperative courses were found to have a transcriptome signature distinct from those with aggressive disease. Conclusions Anti-TNF-naive and -exposed patients have unique expression profiles at the time of surgery, which may offer predictive value in assessing the risk of nonrecurrence. 10.1093/ibd/izy228_video1izy228.video15804852517001.
CT features of HER2-mutant lung adenocarcinomas.

Abstract Objectives To describe the radiological phenotype of HER2-mutant lung cancers on CT at presentation. Methods Eligible patients with lung adenocarcinomas with HER2 mutations were stage-matched with two control groups (EGFR- and KRAS-mutant groups). Evaluated CT features of the primary tumor included size, location, consistency, contour, presence of pleural tags and pleural retractions. Presence of pleural effusions, lung metastases, adenopathy, chest wall invasion, and were also recorded. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare continuous and categorical features, respectively. Results One hundred and fifty-four patients were identified: 50 (33%) harbored HER2 mutations, 56 (36%) harbored KRAS mutations, and 48 (31%) harbored EGFR mutations. Compared with KRAS, HER2 tumors presented as smaller lesions (2.3 cm versus 2.9 cm, p = 0.005 for length; 1.6 cm versus 2.1 cm, p = 0.002 for width) with the presence of pleural tags (74% vs. 52%, p = 0.03), pleural retractions (58% vs. 39%, p = 0.006), ipsilateral hilar (36% vs. 16%, p = 0.03) and scalene/supraclavicular N3 adenopathy (24% vs. 7%, p = 0.03). Compared with EGFR, pleural retractions were more prevalent among the HER2 tumors (58% vs. 37%, p = 0.05). Conclusions Lung adenocarcinomas with HER2 gene mutation exhibit an aggressive behavior manifesting by higher incidence of local invasion, compared to KRAS and EGFR mutant controls, and a nodal metastatic spread compared to KRAS-mutant control. This is the first radiogenomics study of HER2 mutations in lung cancer.
Parallel Algorithms for Combinatorial Pattern Matching

In this talk we discuss on parallel computation approach to two-dimensional combinatorial pattern matching. The latter features numerous applications in pattern recognition, low level image processing, computer vision and, more recently, multimedia. After introducing some basic notions and concepts and recalling related key facts, we briefly discuss the basic steps of a parallel algorithm design, illustrating them by author's results on the problem of detecting all two-dimensional repetitions in a two-dimensional array.
Macroinvertebrates as Biotic Indicators of Environmental Quality

Abstract Macroinvertebrates are used more often than any other groups of organisms when assessing the environmental quality of lotic systems. In this chapter we describe the many ways macroinvertebrates are used as indicators of environmental quality—from the molecular-through the community-level of biological organization. We highlight more recent advances in the use of DNA bar coding and species traits and then describe in detail the most commonly used macroinvertebrate-based methods for assessing the quality of streams and rivers. Two exercises are provided. The first can be completed as a full day project by students or volunteers and includes a laboratory-only option. The second provides the basic background and information for a college-level senior thesis, graduate study or governmental monitoring organization.
The Computation of Compressible Boundary-Layer Flow

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the computation of compressible boundary-layer flow, specifically steady laminar viscous flow along bodies and, in particular, to two-dimensional or to axi-symmetrical three-dimensional flow. The Navier–Stokes equations are used to describe this flow. The viscosity coefficient μ is assumed to depend on the absolute temperature T only. As only media in temperature regions with constant cp (specific heat at constant pressure) are considered, one can also say that the viscosity is a function of the enthalpy i = cpT. The state law is given by p = RρT. (p = pressure, ρ = density, R = gas constant.) The Prandtl number is assumed to be constant but not assumed to be 1. The complete energy equation is employed, that means, frictional heat is not neglected. The problem is described by six equations, namely, four nonlinear partial differential equations (two momentum equations, one energy equation, one continuity equation) by the state law and by the viscosity law.
Star and Planet Formation

Now that we have discussed the life and death of stars, we should say a few words about their birth as well. Stars form out of gas clouds when gravity conquers pressure, causing the clouds to collapse and fragment into pieces that can become individual solar systems. The process is complicated, and we will not try to capture all of the details, but with some judicious simplifications we can elucidate the key physics.
Formal School Programs

This chapter discusses formal programs in articulated public and private schools by level, that is, first-level education, second-level education, and third-level education. The chapter also discusses equally important activities of several major non-formal education programs in the military, industry, and in other areas. These two sections, viewed jointly, describe in a fairly comprehensive way, Peru's present commitment to the development of her human resources. In the area of formal education, all partially developed countries seek the goal of universal primary education. Despite efforts at large-scale quantitative expansion of the numbers of teachers and classrooms, marked inequalities remain between urban and rural schooling; the dropout and repeater rates are high; and qualitative levels are low and slipping. The chapter explains that the problems of Peru's educational programs are, in large measure, the same as those of other countries at comparable stages of socioeconomic development. As an integral part of the public educational program under the supervision of the Division of Primary and Adult Education, pre-school education activities are strictly regulated by the Ministry of Education in Lima. The standard prescribed curriculum is built around religious and patriotic education, socialization activities, and initiation of children to school life, to good health and study habits, along with an introduction to instruction, writing, and arithmetic.
Spatiotemporal Coding in the Olfactory System

Beginning in 1994, Gilles Laurent and colleagues published a series of studies describing odor-induced field potential oscillations in the locust olfactory system. While field oscillations had been described in the olfactory system previously—beginning with the work of Lord Adrian in the 1940s and including the extensive studies performed by Walter Freeman and colleagues and the later work of Gelperin and colleagues—the Laurent laboratory’s work emerged at a time in which oscillations and spike synchronization in the visual system were attracting substantial attention, such that the emergence of this work triggered a renewed interest in the temporal properties of olfactory system activation and what it implied for the representation of odor stimuli.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSONIC FLOWS: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The history of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), especially as driven by the requirements of transonic flow prediction, has been largely coincident with the history of these Symposia. The first Symposium Transsonicum [[48]], held in Aachen in 1962, was held in the early days of commercial jet aviation at a time of intense interest in the transonic drag rise phenomenon. That first symposium undoubtedly contributed to the growing interest in the development of theoretical (and computational) techniques for predicting transonic flows of practical interest. The analytical papers in the first symposium, however, largely were limited to the hodograph method, although there also were some highly approximate techniques to deal with the essential non-linearity of the transonic problem.
A Study on Effects of Copper Wrap Specifications on Printed Circuit Board Reliability

During the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) for a Flight Project, it was found that a European manufacturer was building its boards to a European standard that had no requirement for copper wrap on the vias. The amount of copper wrap that was measured on coupons from the panel containing the boards of interest was less than the amount specified in IPC-6012 Rev B, Class 3. To help determine the reliability and usability of the boards, three sets of tests and a simulation were run. The test results, along with results of simulation and destructive physical analysis, are presented in this paper. The first experiment involved subjecting coupons from the panels supplied by the European manufacturer to thermal cycling. After 17 000 cycles, the test was stopped with no failures. A second set of accelerated tests involved comparing the thermal fatigue life of test samples made from FR4 and polyimide with varying amounts of copper wrap. Again, the testing did not reveal any failures. The third test involved using interconnect stress test coupons with through-hole vias and blind vias that were subjected to elevated temperatures to accelerate fatigue failures. While there were failures, as expected, the failures were at barrel cracks. In addition to the experiments, this paper also discusses the results of finite-element analysis using simulation software that was used to model plated-through holes under thermal stress using a steady-state analysis, also showing the main failure mode was barrel cracking. The tests show that although copper wrap was sought as a better alternative to butt joints between barrel plating and copper foil layers, manufacturability remains challenging and attempts to meet the requirements often result in features that reduce the reliability of the boards. Experimental and simulation work discussed in this paper indicate that the standard requirements for copper wrap are not contributing to the overall board reliability, although it should be added that a design with a butt joint is going to be a higher risk than a reduced copper wrap design. The study further shows that procurement requirements for wrap plating thickness from Class 3 to Class 2 would pose little risk to reliability (minimum 5 μm/0.197 mil for all via types). Experimental results corroborated by modeling indicate that the stress maxima are internal to the barrels rather than at the wrap location. In fact, the existence of Cu wrap was determined to have no appreciable effect on reliability.
When Watching Video, Many Saccades Are Curved and Deviate From a Velocity Profile Model

Commonly, saccades are thought to be ballistic eye movements, not modified during flight, with a straight path and a well-described velocity profile. However, they do not always follow a straight path and studies of saccade curvature have been reported previously. In a prior study, we developed a real-time, saccade-trajectory prediction algorithm to improve the updating of gaze-contingent displays and found that saccades with a curved path or that deviated from the expected velocity profile were not well fit by our saccade-prediction algorithm (velocity-profile deviation), and thus had larger updating errors than saccades that had a straight path and had a velocity profile that was fit well by the model. Further, we noticed that the curved saccades and saccades with high velocity-profile deviations were more common than we had expected when participants performed a natural-viewing task. Since those saccades caused larger display updating errors, we sought a better understanding of them. Here we examine factors that could affect curvature and velocity profile of saccades using a pool of 218,744 saccades from 71 participants watching "Hollywood" video clips. Those factors included characteristics of the participants (e.g., age), of the videos (importance of faces for following the story, genre), of the saccade (e.g., magnitude, direction), time during the session (e.g., fatigue) and presence and timing of scene cuts. While viewing the video clips, saccades were most likely horizontal or vertical over oblique. Measured curvature and velocity-profile deviation had continuous, skewed frequency distributions. We used mixed-effects regression models that included cubic terms and found a complex relationship between curvature, velocity-profile deviation and saccade duration (or magnitude). Curvature and velocity-profile deviation were related to some video-dependent features such as lighting, face presence, or nature and human figure content. Time during the session was a predictor for velocity profile deviations. Further, we found a relationship for saccades that were in flight at the time of a scene cut to have higher velocity-profile deviations and lower curvature in univariable models. Saccades characteristics vary with a variety of factors, which suggests complex interactions between oculomotor control and scene content that could be explored further.
The Influence of Residence Time Distribution on Continuous Flow Polymerization

Continuous-flow chemistry is emerging as an enabling technology for the synthesis of precise polymers. Recent advances in this rapidly growing field have hastened a need for a fundamental understanding of how fluid dynamics in tubular reactors influence polymerizations. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of how laminar flow influences polymer structure and composition. Tracer experiments coupled with in-line UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrate how viscosity, tubing diameter, and reaction time affect the residence time distribution (RTD) of fluid in reactor geometries relevant for continuous-flow polymerizations. We found that the breadth of the RTD has strong, statistical correlations with reaction conversion, polymer molar mass, and dispersity for polymerizations conducted in continuous flow. These correlations were demonstrated to be general to a variety of different reaction conditions, monomers, and polymerization mechanisms. Additionally, these findings inspired the design of a droplet flow reactor ...
Diastereoselective peroxidation of derivatives of Baylis–Hillman adducts

Abstract Cyclic derivatives of Baylis–Hillman adducts were synthesized. Cobalt-catalyzed peroxidation of these cyclic lactones afforded silyl peroxides in diastereomeric ratios ranging from 91:9 to 97:3.
Long-Term Survival After Drowning-Related Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background Long-term outcomes after drowning-related cardiac arrest are not well characterized. Objective Our aims were to estimate long-term survival and identify prognostic factors in a large, population-based cohort of drowning victims with cardiac arrest. Methods We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study (1974–1996) of Western Washington Drowning Registry (WWDR) subjects with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and attempted professional resuscitation. The primary outcome was long-term survival through 2012. We tabulated Utstein-style exposure variables, estimated Kaplan-Meier curves, and identified prognostic factors with Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 2824 WWDR cases, 407 subjects (median age 17 years [interquartile range 3–33 years], 81% were male) were included. Only 54 (13%) were still alive after 1663 person-years of follow-up. Most deaths occurred after termination of initial resuscitation or during initial hospitalization. Risk of subsequent death after hospital discharge was 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7–15.9) per 1000 person-years. Long-term survival differed by Utstein variables (older age, illicit substance use, pre-drowning activity, submersion duration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration, intubation, defibrillation, and medications) and inpatient markers of illness severity (vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale, laboratory values, shock). In adjusted analyses, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; 95% CI 1.01–1.02), epinephrine administration (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.31–2.80), antiepileptic administration (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.35–0.81), initial arterial pH (HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.26–0.92), and shock (HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.16–4.15) were associated with higher risk of death. Conclusions Most cases of drowning-related cardiac arrest were fatal, but survivors to hospital discharge had a low risk of subsequent death that was independently associated with older age and clinical evidence of shock.
AAV Gene Therapy Utilizing Glycosylation-Independent Lysosomal Targeting Tagged GAA in the Hypoglossal Motor System of Pompe Mice.

Pompe disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal glycogen-metabolizing enzyme, acid-alpha glucosidase (GAA). Tongue myofibers and hypoglossal motoneurons appear to be particularly susceptible in Pompe disease. Here we used intramuscular delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) for targeted delivery of an enhanced form of GAA to tongue myofibers and motoneurons in 6-month-old Pompe (Gaa−/−) mice. We hypothesized that addition of a glycosylation-independent lysosomal targeting tag to the protein would result in enhanced expression in tongue (hypoglossal) motoneurons when compared to the untagged GAA. Mice received an injection into the base of the tongue with AAV9 encoding either the tagged or untagged enzyme; tissues were harvested 4 months later. Both AAV9 constructs effectively drove GAA expression in lingual myofibers and hypoglossal motoneurons. However, mice treated with the AAV9 construct encoding the modified GAA enzyme had a >200% increase in the number of GAA-positive motoneurons as compared to the untagged GAA (p
Developing Coalbed Methane in Broken-Soft Coal Seam by Virtual Reservoir Horizontal Wells: A Case Study of Luling Field in Huaibei Mining Area, East China

Broken-soft coal seam has the characteristics of fragmented structure, low Protodyakonov coefficient and permeability, which are the main factors affecting the development effect of coalbed gas. Therefore, taking the broken-soft coal seam in Luling Field of Huaibei mining area as an example, this paper puts forward the new idea of exploiting coalbed methane by virtual reservoir horizontal wells. On the basis of studying of virtual reservoir establishing, the position of horizontal well in virtual reservoir is optimized. The results show that the coal seam roof is the preferred target layer for the virtual reservoir; fractures can be formed in the coal seam by layer-penetrating fracturing of the horizontal wells, and the concept of developing coalbed methane in broken-soft coal seam by virtual reservoir horizontal wells is feasible. The position of the horizontal well in the virtual reservoir and the fracturing displacement are the key factors affecting the effect of layer-penetrating fracturing, and the horizontal well in the roof 1.5 m away from the coal seam top and fracturing displacement of 10 m3/min can acquire good effect of layer-penetrating fracturing. Field test proves that the virtual reservoir horizontal well works well in developing coalbed methane in broken-soft coal seam, providing a new approach for the high-efficient development of coalbed methane in this kind of coal seam.
Exploring Insider Trading Within Hypernetworks

Insider trading can have crippling effects on the economy and its prevention is critical to the security and stability of global markets. It is hypothesized that insiders who trade at similar times share information. We analyze 400 companies and 2,000 insiders, identifying interesting trading patterns in these networks that are suggestive of illegal activity. Insiders are classified as either routine or opportunistic traders, allowing us to concentrate on well timed and highly profitable trades of the latter. Using trade classification and analyzing each trader’s role in a hypernetwork, reveals cliques of opportunistic and routine traders. This idea forms the basis of a graph based detection algorithm that seeks to identify traders belonging to opportunistic cliques. The ideas of trade classification and trading cliques present interesting opportunities to develop more robust policing systems which can automatically flag illegal activity in markets, and predict the likelihood that such activity will occur in the future.
Book Review: Reframing Nonprofit Organizations: Democracy, Inclusion, and Social Change

Reframing Nonprofit Organizations Democracy, Inclusion, and Social Change By Angela M. Eikenberry, Roseanne M. Mirabella, and Billie Sandberg (Eds.) Melvin & Leigh (2018) Reviewed by Charles M. Gray Subscribe to JNEL
From Prenatal Diagnosis Through Transition to Adult Care: What Everyone Should Know About Anorectal Malformations

This article provides a general summary of the current state-of-art on the treatment of anorectal malformations (ARM). Anorectal malformations occur in one in every five thousand births (Hohlschneider and Hustson 2006). With the current birth rate of 12 per 1000 in the USA, we expect between 600 and 800 babies with anorectal malformation to be born every year. Associated anomalies are frequently found in patients with anorectal malformations. The most common are urologic and are found in 50% of children with ARM. They include vesicoureteral reflux, renal agenesis, dysplastic kidneys, or duplicated collection system. Gynecologic abnormalities can include the 34% of females with duplication of Mullerian structures. Thirty percent of females born with a cloacal anomaly have a hydrocolpos, and 5.6% of females with an ARM have vaginal agenesis. Congenital heart disease is found in approximately 30% of ARM patients. Commonly identified anomalies include VSD, ASD, Tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and transposition of the great arteries. Spinal abnormalities can be observed as well, and 25% of ARM patients have a tethered cord. Finally, other digestive tract abnormalities consist of esophageal atresia in 8% of cases and duodenal atresia in 3%. (Hohlschneider and Hustson 2006). Understanding the original ARM anatomy with its associated prognosis and sequelae is important to provide appropriate care throughout the life of the patient. Medical care has been arbitrarily divided into pediatric and adult categories, without taking into consideration the individual patient’s needs. Individuals born with an anorectal malformation require management of the sequelae of these conditions throughout their entire life. There is an unmet need for the proper transition of care for these patients that requires further action and collaboration between pediatric and adult specialists.
Real fusion rings with degrees 1 and 4

Fusion rings are a class of table algebras that generalize group rings with basis the group and character rings of a finite group with basis the irreducible characters. When considering the charact...
The convolution product is for exponential kernels transforms. Composition is suggested for other transforms

The convolution product is associated with exponential kernel transforms such as the Fourier and Laplace transforms. It's feasibility is due the important property of the simple addition operation ...
Eyelid: Conjunctival Müllerectomy (Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection (MMCR))

Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. The procedure should be considered for patients with unilateral or bilateral upper eyelid ptosis of up to 2 mm with levator function greater than 11 mm. Phenylephrine testing may be conducted to further identify surgical candidates. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
Deep Data Density Estimation through Donsker-Varadhan Representation.

Estimating the data density is one of the challenging problems in deep learning. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method for estimating the data density using a deep neural network and the Donsker-Varadhan variational lower bound on the KL divergence. We show that the optimal critic function associated with the Donsker-Varadhan representation on the KL divergence between the data and the uniform distribution can estimate the data density. We also present the deep neural network-based modeling and its stochastic learning. The experimental results and possible applications of the proposed method demonstrate that it is competitive with the previous methods and has a lot of possibilities in applied to various applications.
Bitter Arrows and Generous Gifts: WhatWas a ‘King’ in the European Iron Age?

What is power? How does it work? Is power in politically complex societies always constituted in the same, repeated ways, with variation only in the contextual details? This chapter examines the European Iron Age, a protohistoric archaeological context that may help answer these questions. When archaeologists think of power, they usually think of leaders or rulers, yet in no society is power held exclusively by elites. In some cultures, elite power is highly constrained and balanced by the power of ordinary people.
Compact Verilog-A modeling of silicon carrier-injection ring modulators

A Verilog-A carrier-injection ring modulator model accurately captures electrical and optical dynamics. The impact of pre-emphasis pulse duration, pulse depth, and DC bias is demonstrated with excellent matching between simulated and measured 8Gb/s eye diagrams.
Proteins and Model Systems: Spectral Analyses

An account of some of the developments in experimental and theoretical studies of, primarily, NMR spectra of proteins is given. It is now possible to compute essentially all spectroscopic observables, which leads to the use of properties such as chemical shifts and shift tensors, to determine elements of protein structure. Since quantum mechanical (QM) calculations can also readily provide other observables, QM calculations initially aimed at predicting chemical shifts often give, trivially, other important properties, such as electric field gradients and charge densities, which are of interest in other types of spectroscopy as well, such as nuclear quadrupole resonance and Mossbauer. Paramagnetics are likewise accessible (from spin densities), opening up hyperfine shifts, EPR, and ENDOR for investigation, using QM methods. Keywords: chemical shifts; quantum chemistry; paramagnetic systems
A prenatal source for defeminization of female rats is the maternal ovary.

Abstract Sexual behavior in laboratory rats is influenced by a variety of factors in the perinatal environment. Male rats are masculinized and defeminized in response to circulating testosterone perinatally. Females undergo a process of feminization but in some cases are exposed to testosterone. Previous work has shown that during prenatal development female rats normally undergo a partial masculinization and defeminization of sexual behavior as reflected by altered responsiveness to gonadal hormones in adulthood. In the present study we investigated whether the maternal ovary influences adult females' responsiveness to gonadal hormones. Pregnant rats were ovariectomized on Day 10 of pregnancy and their offspring tested for sexual behavior in adulthood. Following ovariectomy pregnancies were maintained by administration of systemic progesterone. In addition the ovariectomized pregnant rats were given one of three daily treatments (Days 10–21): 0.2 μg estradiol benzoate in sesame oil and 0.1 cc propylene glycol, 5 mg of the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) in 0.1 cc propylene glycol, or 0.1 cc propylene glycol. A control group was generated from SHAM operated mothers given daily control injections of propylene glycol and sesame oil. Offspring were ovariectomized in adulthood and tested for display of feminine sexual behavior in response to estradiol benzoate and progesterone or estradiol benzoate alone. Masculine sexual behavior was measured in response to testosterone propionate (TP). Feminine sexual behavior was enhanced in offspring from ovariectomized mothers given only progesterone replacement during pregnancy. Offspring from mothers treated with ATD displayed the greatest elevations in feminine sexual behavior. Estradiol treatments of ovariectomized mothers prevented the increase in feminine potential seen in offspring in the other groups. Masculine sexual behavior in response to daily treatment with testosterone propionate did not differ between groups. The results indicated that the maternal ovary was associated with a defeminization to female offspring. It is suggested that normal female rats undergo a reduction in eventual responsiveness to ovarian hormones as a result of exposure to estrogens prenatally; the present study indicates that at least some of these estrogens originate in the maternal ovary.
Low pulse-energy three-dimensional femtosecond micromachining

Femtosecond machining of transparent materials based on laser-induced breakdown is a promising technology because it can generate strongly localized structural changes with a well-defined damage threshold. In fact, because of the nonlinear intensity dependence of the process, the induced damage size can be smaller than the laser spot size overcoming the classical diffraction limit [1]. Moreover, the focused spot can be located inside the transparent material with the help of a focusing lens [2]. Schaffer et al have shown laser induced breakdown in the bulk of glass using an extended cavity oscillator [2] and ~5nJ pulse energies. Here we report the machining of various types of glasses by femtosecond pulses generated directly from a Ti:sapphire oscillator with less than half of that pulse energy.
Socioecological and message framing factors influencing maternal influenza immunization among minority women.

Abstract Objective A suboptimal level of seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant minority women is an intractable public health problem, requiring effective message resonance with this population. We evaluated the effects of randomized exposure to messages which emphasize positive outcomes of vaccination (“gain-frame”), or messages which emphasize negative outcomes of forgoing vaccination (“loss-frame”). We also assessed multilevel social and community factors that influence maternal immunization among racially and ethnically diverse populations. Study design Minority pregnant women in metropolitan Atlanta were enrolled in the longitudinal study and randomized to receive intervention or control messages. A postpartum questionnaire administered 30 days postpartum evaluated immunization outcomes following baseline message exposure among the study population. We evaluated key outcomes using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Neither gain- [OR = 0.5176, (95% CI: 0.203,1.322)] nor loss-framed [OR = 0.5000, 95% CI: (0.192,1.304)] messages were significantly associated with increased likelihood of immunization during pregnancy. Significant correlates of seasonal influenza immunization during pregnancy included healthcare provider recommendation [OR = 3.934, 95% CI: (1.331,11.627)], use of hospital-based practices as primary source of prenatal care [OR = 2.584, 95% CI: (1.091,6.122)], and perceived interpersonal support for influenza immunization [OR = 3.405, 95% CI: (1.412,8.212)]. Conclusion Dissemination of vaccine education messages via healthcare providers, and cultivating support from social networks, will improve seasonal influenza immunization among pregnant minority women.
Rapid, simultaneous determination of isomers of retinal, retinal oxime and retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Thirteen geometric isomers of retinol, retinal and retinal oxime were resolved in a single chromatographic run on two 250 X 4 mm 5-μm LiChrosorb Si 60 columns in series, using 11.2% ethyl acetate, 1.4% 1-octanol and 2% dioxane in hexane as the mobile phase. All the 11-cis and all-trans isomers of retinol and retinal oxime were completely resolved from each other and from the 9-cis and 13-cis isomers. This chromatographic procedure should be particularly useful for quantifying geometric isomers of retinoids in methylene chloride—hydroxylamine extracts of biological samples such as ocular tissues.
Reanalyzing the prevalence and social context of collateral consequence statutes

This study replicated earlier work reporting descriptive statistics from a review of state statutes concerning the collateral consequences of felony convictions in the fifty states and the District of Columbia. The current review reported that over time, focus shifted from collateral consequences of the politically punitive nature (i.e., restriction of voting rights, the right to serve as a member of a jury, hold office, and obtain public employment) to policies that were designed to protect the public. The current analysis placed this shift over time within the broad framework of media and political framing of news events and contemporary issues and explicated the role of the media, politicians, special interest, and public opinion in this process.
Radioiodination of new protein antigens on the surface of Plasmodium knowlesi schizont-infected erythrocytes.

Abstract Schizont-infected red blood cells (SI-RBCs) from Plasmodium knowlesi -infected rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) have been radioiodinated and the 125 I-proteins and 125 I-antigens compared with those of uninfected RBCs. New 125 I-proteins of M r 230 000, 180 000, 165 000, 155 000, 135 000, 107 000, 72 000 and 65 000 were shown to be parasite-dependent components of SI-RBCs, the M r 230 000 and 72 000 bands being quantitatively the major new components. New 125 I-antigens of SI-RBCs that were absent from uninfected cells and were only immunoprecipitated by sera from infected monkeys had M r 230 000, 200 000, 180 000, 165 000, 155 000, 135 000, 130 000, 107 000, 72 000, 65 000 and 47 000. The following approaches were used to test which new radioiodinated components are on the SI-RBC outer membrane: analysis of radioactivity in haemoglobin; electron microscopic analysis of the integrity and purity of the SI-RBCs; treatment of intact 125 I-SI-RBCs with trypsin to ascertain the sensitivity of new proteins to exogenous protease; immunoprecipitation of antigen-antibody complexes after addition of antibody to intact 125 I-SI-RBCs. Although each test has inherent disadvantages, the accumulated evidence suggests that many, if not all of the new antigens identified for the first time in this report are on the SI-RBC outer membrane. The SICA variant antigen on P. knowlesi SI-RBCs was not identified by this approach.
Conformationally linked interaction in the cytochrome bc1 complex between inhibitors of the Qo site and the Rieske iron–sulfur protein ☆

Abstract The modified Q cycle mechanism accounts for the proton and charge translocation stoichiometry of the bc1 complex, and is now widely accepted. However the mechanism by which the requisite bifurcation of electron flow at the Qo site reaction is enforced is not clear. One of several proposals involves conformational gating of the docking of the Rieske ISP at the Qo site, controlled by the stage of the reaction cycle. Effects of different Qo-site inhibitors on the position of the ISP seen in crystals may reflect the same conformational mechanism, in which case understanding how different inhibitors control the position of the ISP may be a key to understanding the enforcement of bifurcation at the Qo site ( Table 1 ). Here we examine the available structures of cytochrome bc1 with different Qo-site inhibitors and different ISP positions to look for clues to this mechanism. The effect of ISP removal on binding affinity of the inhibitors stigmatellin and famoxadone suggest a “mutual stabilization” of inhibitor binding and ISP docking, however this thermodynamic observation sheds little light on the mechanism. The cd1 helix of cytochrome b moves in such a way as to accommodate docking when inhibitors favoring docking are bound, but it is impossible with the current structures to say whether this movement of α-cd1 is a cause or result of ISP docking. One component of the movement of the linker between E and F helices also correlates with the type of inhibitor and ISP position, and seems to be related to the H-bonding pattern of Y279 of cytochrome b. An H-bond from Y279 to the ISP, and its possible modulation by movement of F275 in the presence of famoxadone and related inhibitors, or its competition with an alternate H-bond to I269 of cytochrome b that may be destabilized by bound famoxadone, suggest other possible mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Allosteric cooperativity in respiratory proteins.
Observations on the kinetics, subunit composition, and sulfhydryl reactivity of myosin from Physarum polycephalum.

Abstract A highly purified preparation of myosin from Physarum polycephalum has been shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain heavy chains and only one molecular weight class of light chains, of approx. 15 000 daltons. Kinetic investigations of the Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolases, EC 3.6.1.3) at pH 8.0 gave K m and V values of 17.3 μM and 1.25 μmol Pi/min per mg, and 2.4 μM and 0.12 μmol Pi/min per mg, respectively. Adenylyl imidodiphosphate, a β-γ-imido ATP analog, inhibited the ATPase activity of Physarum myosin competitively with K i values equal to 350 and 12 μM in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. The ATPase activity of Physarum myosin was inhibited at a very low rate ( t 1 2 = 24 h ) by the ATP analog, 6,6′-dithiobis(inosinyl imidodiphosphate), with concentrations of inhibitor previously shown to inactivate ( t 1 2 ≈ 10 min ) skeletal and cardiac myosins rapidly by reacting with key cysteines.
Quantum confinement in CdSe-nanocrystallites synthesized by ion implantation

Abstract Nanocrystalline semiconductors offer a wide variety of possible applications in optical and optoelectronic devices. Embedding nanocrystals in compatible and stable host materials is of fundamental technical and scientific interest. In this work, buried nanocrystals of the direct band gap II–VI compound semiconductor CdSe were synthesized by sequential high dose ion beam implantation into thin thermally grown silicon dioxide layers and subsequent rapid thermal processing. Bulk CdSe has a bandgap energy of 1.75 eV that can be shifted to larger values by reducing the crystal size to dimensions smaller than the Bohr radius of the exciton. The size of the CdSe precipitates was controlled by the implantation and annealing parameters. The photoluminescence (PL) emission was exited by an Ar ion laser and measured in a temperature range between 80 and 295 K. The energy shift of the PL emission of the embedded CdSe nanocrystals is in quantitative agreement with the shift due to quantum confinement calculated from the mean size of the nanocrystals determined from thin film X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
The Introduction and Expression of Foreign Genes in Plants

(1987). The Introduction and Expression of Foreign Genes in Plants. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 81-106.
Combinatorial Studies of Switching and Solid-Phase Crystallization in Amorphous Silicon

Combinatorial approaches are successfully applied for the optimization of electric write-once, thin-film Si antifuse memory devices, as well as for studying the solid-phase epitaxy kinetics of amorphous silicon on c-Si. High forward, low reverse current thin film Si diode deposition recipes are selected using cross-strips of different combinations of amorphous and microcrystalline doped layers, as well as a thickness-wedged intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layer. By studying switching in thickness-wedged a-Si:H layers, it is found that switching requires both a critical field and a critical bias voltage across the metallic contacts. Solid-phase epitaxy speed has a non-linear dependence on the film thickness, which is easily observed by optical image monitoring and analysis in wedged a-Si:H films on c-Si wafers.
Risperidone and adaptive behavior in children with autism.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the impact of risperidone on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder who have serious behavior problems and to examine different methods of scoring the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales to measure change. Method Forty-eight children (5 years to 16 years, 5 months) who showed behavioral improvement during acute treatment with risperidone were followed for 6 months and assessed with the Vineland Scales. Results Raw scores, age-equivalents, and special norm percentile scores all showed significant increases in adaptive behavior in the areas of communication, daily living skills, and socialization ( p 6% improvement beyond what would be expected based on baseline growth rates. Conclusions Although limited by the absence of a control group, these results suggest that risperidone may improve adaptive skills in children with autistic disorder accompanied by serious behavioral problems. Vineland age-equivalent scores appear to be most useful in assessing change with treatment over time. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 2006;45(4):431-439.