cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yield of wheat across a subambient carbon dioxide gradient

Yields and yield components of two cultivars of day-neutral spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were assessed along a gradient of daytime carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from about 200 to near 350 μmol CO2 (mol air) ‐1 in a 38 m-long controlled environment chamber. The range in CO2 concentration studied approximates that of Earth’s atmosphere since the last ice age. This 75% rise in CO2 concentration increased grain yields more than 200% under well-watered conditions and by 80‐150% when wheat was grown without additions of water during the last half of the 100-day growing season. The 27% increase in CO2 from the pre-industrial level of 150 years ago (275 μmol mol ‐1 ) to near the current concentration (350 μmol mol ‐1 ) increased grain yields of ‘Yaqui 54’ and ‘Seri M82’ spring wheats by 55% and 53%, respectively, under well-watered conditions. Yield increased because of greater numbers of grains per spike, rather than heavier grains or numbers of spikes per plant. Water use increased little with CO2 concentration, resulting in improved water use efficiency as CO2 rose. Data suggest that rising CO2 concentration contributed to the substantial increase in average wheat yields in the U.S. during recent decades.
Effect of Certain Organic Liquids on Strength of Glass

This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of certain organic liquids on the strength of glass. Constricted glass rods 10 to 12 mils in diameter were broken under various organic liquids and the strength changes were noted and compared with breakage under water. In all cases except one (nitrobenzene), breaking strengths were higher under the organics than under water, ranging from increases of 36 to 19% for alcohols to values of 10 for heptane, benzene, and toluene. The value of 10 is equivalent to breakage in air. It is believed that the polar character of an organic liquid, its molecular bulk, and its solubility in water are significant factors in its effect on the strength of glass.
Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescents Exposed to a Friend's Suicide

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether the risk of DSM-III major depressive disorder (MDD) is uniform across the 6 months after adolescent exposure to a friend's suicide, and to examine potential moderating or mediating processes that may influence the risk of new-onset MDD. Method One-month incidence rates of MDD were compared between 129 adolescents who were exposed to a friend's suicide between December 1988 and March 1991 and 145 similar-aged, unexposed community controls participating in the Youth Exposed to Suicide study. Clinical, family, and social factors that antedated the exposure were examined as predictors of new-onset MDD within 1 month of the suicide. Results Exposed adolescents had a markedly increased risk of developing new-onset MDD that was restricted to a narrow period of time, within 1 month after exposure. In contrast, there were no differences in the incidence of MDD between the groups in months 2 to 6. Past history of alcohol abuse increased the risk of exposure to suicide, which subsequently increased the risk of new-onset MDD within 1 month of exposure. Exposed youths who had both a family history of MDD and feelings of accountability for the death were at considerably increased risk of new-onset MDD. Conclusions For adolescents exposed to a friend's suicide, events surrounding the death interact with family history of MDD to greatly increase the risk for new-onset MDD.
Individual Differences and Intervention Flaws: A Sequential Explanatory Study of College Students' Copy-and-Paste Note Taking

In this study, qualitative themes and quantitative findings from previous research were used to justify the exploration of four experimental, note-taking conditions and the impact of those conditions on student learning from Web-based text. However, puzzling results obtained from dependent measures of student learning were quite inconsistent with the previous research. With no adequate theoretical explanation for these results, a follow-up explanations phase of qualitative investigation was conducted. Analyses of interview data indicated that certain experimental conditions imposed upon students an unexpected distraction. Furthermore, quantitizing students' note-taking documents showed that many students in this study used a more effective note-taking strategy than did students in a similar condition in previous research.
Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyl induced uroporphyria by iron deprivation.

A toxic sequel to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in humans is the development of porphyria cutanea tarda. In a mouse model (experimental uroporphyria) utilizing an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, we show that the toxicity can be markedly influenced by nutritional status. In mice made susceptible to uroporphyria through a targeted deletion of one allele of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (Uro-D+/−), an iron deficient diet prevented the development of the uroporphyria and the changes in associated parameters normally seen within three weeks following a single exposure to Aroclor 1254. Iron deprivation also completely prevented PCB-induced uroporphyria in mice wild-type at the Uro-D locus (Uro-D+/+), a model that requires δ-aminolevulinic acid administration for the development of uroporphyria. In Uro-D+/− mice consuming δ-aminolevulinic acid, PCB exposure produced a severe uroporphyria that was attenuated, not prevented, by iron deficiency. This attenuation moderated hepatic uroporphyrin and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase inhibitor levels, but not the depression of cytosolic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity.
Characterization of protein-bound gold in rat urine following aurothiomalate adminstration and of rat and human albumin-gold-thiomalate

Abstract The metabolites of gold in the urine of rats given the antiarthritic drug aurothiomalate were investigated by gel permeation chromotography, electrophoresis, and chemical studies. Following a single dose of aurtothiomalate, the excreted gold was protein-bound in the high-molecular-weight (⩾ 150,000 dalton) and serum albumin fractions. Electrophoresis confirmed the presence of albumin, but showed that the other proteins present differ from those in normal or in vitro aurothiomalate-incubated rat sera. The pattern of the proteins establishes that the proteinuria was of the glomerular type. The alterations in the gold distribution produced by incubation of the urine with the low-molecular-weight thiol penicillamine and with exogenously added aurothiomalate indicated the existence of a labile equilibrium of gold among protein binding sites in the urine. Incubation of rat and human sera and commercially prepared serum albumins with aurothiomalate increased the electrophoretic mobility of the albumin. The significance of this change in electrophoretic mobility with respect to two models of gold binding by serum albumin is discussed.
Highlights From the 2012 Member Survey

AGU conducted a member survey in November 2012 to collect data for comparison to the 2010 member survey and gather information regarding member opinions about AGU governance and changes in the AGU governance structure. Of the nearly 8000 members contacted, 1407 completed the survey, a total response rate of 17.7%.
Extracellular Black Yeast Polysaccharide composed of N-Acetyl Glucosamine and N-Acetyl Glucosaminuronic Acid

POLYSACCHARIDES containing N-acylated hexosaminuronic acids as major components have been isolated from bacterial cells1–4,7 and capsules5,6. Most of these polysaccharides are antigens from pathogens1,2,4,5,7. Polysaccharides from cells or pathogens, however, are unsuitable for investigations of the basic properties and possible practical value of biopolymers, because they are recovered with difficulty and in low yields. It is significant, therefore, that we have isolated in good yield from cultures of an unidentified black yeast (apparently a non-pathogen) an extracellular polysaccharide composed of residues of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl glucosaminuronic acid (GlcNAcUA) in a molar ratio of approximately 2:1. The composition and extracellular occurrence of this polysaccharide make it unique among those from microorganisms. It is the first practicably obtainable member of a new class of biopolymers to be characterized1–7. Additional members of this class are foreseen from our exploratory research.
Response of biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation to short-term changes in central site, local, and predicted particle number concentrations.

Purpose Previous studies have reported acute (hours–28 days) associations between ambient ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter <0.1) and biomarkers of cardiovascular health using central site data. We evaluated particle number concentration (a proxy measure for UFP) measured at a central site, a local near-highway site and predicted residential concentrations with response of biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation in a near-highway population.
On the transition temperatures of granular superconductors

Abstract It is shown that Friedel oscillations in granular superconductors give rise to an energy gap at the Fermi surface which reduces the transition temperature.
Chromatin structure and the expression of globin-encoding genes

Abstract The developmental regulation of globin gene expression in the chicken has been studied. All of the genes are regulated by a small number of general erythroid factors. In addition, expression of individual members of the family must be controlled in a lineage (stage) -specific manner. In some cases, the relevant factors may be stage specific, but in others they are not confined to one stage, but exert their control through developmentally regulated changes in their abundance within the nucleus. Chromatin structural elements, such as locus control regions and insulators, are also involved in control of eukaryotic gene expression. Because so much is understood about regulation of individual genes, the globin family has proven valuable in investigating control of transcription at the level of chromatin structure.
Unique homing properties of nonadherent peritoneal cells.

Abstract The nonadherent lymphocytic cells from the peritoneum after 51 Cr labeling and intravenous injection into normal syngeneic recipient mice were observed to distribute in a different manner from spleen and lymph node lymphocytes. These differences in dynamic behavior occurred despite the morphologic similarities of the cells. Such patterns of distribution were directly related to cell viability since heat-killed cells migrate in a distinctly different manner. Treatment of lymph node, spleen, and non-adherent peritoneal cells with anti-θ serum to eliminate T cells modified the dynamic behavior of all the cell populations somewhat, but did not eliminate major differences in the distribution patterns of nonadherent peritoneal “lymphocytes” compared to lymph node and splenic lymphocytes. The suggestion is made that the peritoneal lymphocyte differs from other lymphocytes.
Molecular genetics of anti-carbohydrate antibodies

Antibodies directed against carbohydrate determinants provide useful model systems for understanding the structure and organisation of antibody genes and the generation of antibody diversity. We have used three such systems, PC, DEX and GAC, and have studied the heavy chains and VH gene segments of each. In two of these systems, PC and GAC, much of the diversity in heavy-chain protein sequences results from somatic mutation events superimposed on expression of a single VH gene. In the DEX system, it appears that germ-line sequence diversity may be an important contributor to the variability in heavy-chain sequence. Detailed structural analyses of this type will ultimately provide a complete picture of the mechanisms which underlie effective humoral immunity.
Optimal design of multi‐direction composite flywheel rotors

Design of composite flywheels made with reinforcement in the hoop and radial directions (Multiple Direction Composites MDC) involves a large multitude of parameters such as those related to the flywheel operation, flywheel geometry, material characteristics, material layup, and stress spatial distribution and values. The problem is further complicated because most design parameters are interactive and because one parameter cannot be optimized independent of the other parameters. Optimum structural design of MDC flywheels using nonlinear optimization via a sequential quadratic programming approach and parametric finite element analysis are used to address this problem. Numerical examples are solved to compare the efficacy of the two approaches.
Guttation injuries of plants

Introduction 202 Early Discoveries .203 Abraham Munting and the Discovery of Guttation .203 Biographical Sketch of Munting .205 Theodore De Saussure Reports on "Maladie Blanche .206 Guttation ...... .207 Organs and Channels of Guttation .207 Chemical Composition of Guttation Liquids and Guttation Deposits .209 Influence of Substrate on Guttation and its Products 212 Light and Guttation .214 Guttation Inj uries .214 Nutrient Losses through Guttation and Their Deleterious Effects 214 Chlorotic and Necrotic Injuries Caused by Direct Action of Concentrated Guttation Solutions .220 Guttation and the Action of Pesticides .222 Guttation, Growth of Microorganisms, and Disease Infection 224 Discussion and Conclusions 225 Literature Cited .226
Power and length requirements for all-optical switching in semiconductor-doped glass waveguides

We present a theoretical model that computes the nonlinear index (n2) of semiconductor- doped glasses (SDG), based on the material's properties, and predicts the power and length requirements, as well as the optimum operating wavelengths, for an all-optical SDG waveguide switch. The main conclusions are that (1) n2 depends strongly on pump intensity, which partly explains the large disparity in reported values of n2, (2) the pump and signal wavelengths should be in specific and different ranges to minimize switching power and signal loss, (3) for CdSSe- and CdTe-doped glasses, n2 is relatively small, and the switching power requirement for these two SDGs is consequently quite high (2 - 16 W). We provide evidence that this weak nonlinearity, compared to that of similar semiconductors in bulk, is due to the strong nonradiative recombination of carriers arising from the small size of the semiconductor microcrystallites. Projections indicate that the switching power would be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude by increasing the microcrystallite size, thus producing a slower (ns) but more power-efficient switch.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Role of Spirituality in Holistic Weight Management

This descriptive, feasibility study was designed to determine how weight management patients defined spirituality and its connection with weight management. Relationships among spirituality assessment, spiritual well-being, selfesteem, and quality of life were explored. This study arose from clinical observations of possible relationships among patients' weight management failures, negative beliefs about self, and spiritual distress. Participants were 34 of 104 adult potential participants from a holistic weight management clinical practice. Survey data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and quantitative linear regression analyses. Participants readily defined spirituality; significant linear relationships were found: Total spiritual well-being explained approximately 47% of the variance for self-esteem and existential spiritual well-being accounted for approximately 68% of the variance for self-esteem. Similarly, existential spiritual well-being explained approximately 35% of the variance o...
Chiral-odd parton distributions and polarized Drell-Yan process.

We study the chiral-odd spin structure functions of the nucleon, ${\mathit{h}}_{1}$(x) and ${\mathit{h}}_{2}$(x), their physical significance, sum rules, and model estimates. We show that they can be measured in the Drell-Yan process with polarized beams at order ${\mathit{Q}}^{0}$ and ${\mathit{Q}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively.
Behavior of Rocinela angustata (Isopoda, Aegidae), an ectoparasite of Alaskan marine fishes.

Abstract Observations were made on the feeding and host selection behavior of the aegid isopod Rocinela angustata. Host susceptibility was assessed by placing isopods into laboratory tanks containing 14 common species of Alaska marine fishes. Five species of Sebastes and Blepsias bilobus were attacked within a few minutes of the introduction. Five species—Enophrys bison, Eumicrotremus orbis, Hexagrammos lagocephalus, Pleuronectes asper, and Pholis laeta—were attacked 10–24 h after introduction of the isopods. Three species—Podothecus acipenserinus, Liparis gibbus, and Lycodes brevipes—were not successfully attacked, even when held in isolation with an isopod for 14 d. Starved isopods isolated with B. bilobus attached to fish within 1 h and remained attached 4–14 d. The isopods reattached 1–4 d after detachment. Isopod digestive tracts cleared within 24 h after detachment.
A study of changes and development in children's written discourse potential

Abstract The purpose of this study was two fold: (1) to document and describe changes and development over time in children's text-making potential, and (2) to provide a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for conducting written discourse analysis. Sixty-four first graders were requested to dictate two written stories for others to read at the beginning and end of the school year. The 128 dictated texts were analyzed for their cohesive harmony, conformity to socioculturally codified genre conventions, use of grammatical features specific to written discourse, and lexical density. Quantitative analyses reveal statistically significant increases in children's use of contextually appropriate cohesion patterns and culturally appropriate genre conventions, but only marginal gains in lexical density and the use of specific grammatical features. Qualitative analyses show impressive linguistic and cognitive growth during the school year. These findings are discussed in the light of relevant linguistic and literacy theories/research.
Dynamic gains from international factor mobility: A reexamination of the theorem

Abstract It is known that, in terms of the one-output and two-factor model, the time path of each country's income under international capital mobility dominates that under autarky. It is shown in this paper that, though this gains theorem can be generalized if one compares autarky with the cases corresponding to the international mobility of one or more factors, it does not generalize to cover the cases where the scope of trade in factor is increased from some to more.
Comparison studies of point-to-point near-minimum-time control of planar flexible manipulators with multiple links:

The objective of this paper is to compare the dynamic behaviour of a near-minimum-time (NMT) controller for planar flexible manipulators by three control schemes; the rigid manipulator control (RMC), the passive flexible manipulator control (PFMC), and the active flexible manipulator control (AFMC). The Lagrange-Euler equation is employed to formulate workable state variable models for both rigid and flexible manipulators. The link flexibility is incorporated by using the method of assumed mode. Simulation results indicate that effects of small link flexibility could not be ignored. Higher torque inputs produce larger tip displacements, and reduce execution times. Simulation results indicate also that tip deflections could be suppressed in highly flexible links with small applied modal torques. However, applied modal torques would prolong the execution time, if they are too small.
Early Time to Benefit with Intensive Statin Treatment: Could It Be the Pleiotropic Effects?

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with a number of abnormalities in inflammation, endothelial function, and coagulation, all of which appear to be modulated by statins. We examined the time to benefit of different statin regimens in the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22) trial and other ACS trials that compared statin therapies in patients with ACS. In PROVE IT-TIMI 22, apparent clinical benefit was observed as early as 30 days, with significant reduction in all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, revascularization performed 30 days postrandomization, or stroke observed as early as 4 months. In PROVE IT-TIMI 22, atorvastatin 80 mg lowered both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) at 30 days and 4 months to a greater extent than pravastatin 40 mg. Those who achieved the lowest LDL and the lowest CRP levels at 30 days after ACS had the lowest risk of acute cardiac events. The very early benefits of statin therapy appeared to be correlated with CRP reductions, which may relate to the intensity of the pleiotropic effects of statins.
‘Double Jeopardy’ Measure Suggests Blacks And Hispanics Face More Severe Disparities Than Previously Indicated

Eliminating disparities in health and health care is a long-standing objective of the US government. Racial and ethnic differences in insurance coverage pose a major obstacle to achieving this objective. With important coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act beginning to take effect, we propose a new way of conceptualizing and quantifying the racial and ethnic disadvantages of uninsurance over the course of a lifetime. Using a life expectancy approach, we estimate the number of years whites, blacks, and Hispanics can expect to live in insurance “double jeopardy”: being uninsured while also in lesser health and, therefore, at higher risk of needing medical care. Our measures indicate that compared to whites, Hispanics and blacks are more likely not only to be uninsured at any point throughout most of their lives, but also to spend more years uninsured and spend more of these uninsured years at high risk of needing medical care. These life expectancy measures—designed for ease of use by policy makers...
Longitudinal employment outcomes in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury

Longitudinal survey. To determine in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) employment outcomes, longitudinal changes in employment over time and changes in psychosocial outcomes associated with employment status. Community setting. Adults who had sustained a SCI before 19 years of age and had completed at least three consecutive annual interviews were included in the study. Generalized estimating equation models were formulated to obtain odds ratio (OR) of change in employment status and outcomes over time. Total 1691 interviews were conducted in 283 participants, 182 men and 101 women (88% Caucasian; age at baseline, 27.3±3.7 years; duration at baseline, 12.7±5.0 years). At the last interview (age, 34.4±5.2 years; duration, 19.9±6.1 years), 49.5% were employed and 47.0% had a baccalaureate or post-baccalaureate degree. There was no significant change in employment status over time (OR 1.01, confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.04). Odds of employment increased over time in participants who were women (1.04, CI 1.00–1.08), married (1.05, CI 1.02–1.08) and attained baccalaureate (1.03, CI 1.00–1.07) or post-baccalaureate (1.05, CI 1.02–1.08) degree. Employment odds decreased with occurrence of autonomic dysreflexia (0.80, CI 0.65–0.99), spasticity (0.80, CI 0.59–0.99) or chronic medical condition (0.83, CI 0.71–0.98). Life satisfaction scores increased over time in those who remained employed (1.11, CI 1.01–1.22); odds of depression increased over time in those who remained unemployed (1.13, CI 1.04–1.23). Employment status remained relatively stable in adults with pediatric-onset SCI; however, changes in employment were associated with education, secondary health conditions and psychosocial well-being.
A cleanup method for perchlorate determination in urine.

There is increasing concern about perchlorate exposure because of perchlorate's potential effects on organisms as a thyroid hormone disruptor, as well as its contamination of the environment being much more widespread than previously thought. Perchlorate is excreted primarily into urine, therefore, evaluating perchlorate residues in urine should be a reasonable approach for determining exposure and if successful could be used as an effective biomarker of perchlorate exposure. Since the presence of ions and other biomolecules in matrices like urine usually confounds accurate determination of perchlorate by ion chromatography, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for perchlorate determination in these matrices. We developed a method that reduces the background signal of urine, which is typically the problem with the analysis of biological fluids and tissues by ion chromatography. Relatively high recovery of perchlorate was shown. In cow urine samples spiked with perchlorate at 2.5, 10, and 100 μg/L, perchlorate recoveries were 67% ± 2.5, 77% ± 3.6, and 81% ± 1.7 (mean ± S.D.), respectively. In addition, the detection limit was as low as 12.6, 12.3, and 18.7 μg/L in cow, vole, and human urine samples, respectively.
Peter Weir: Interviews

Peter Weir is an ambivalent figure in the history of Australian cinema. John C. Tibbetts's Peter Weir: Interviews provides plenty of insight into this nearly legendary figure, but for all the valua...
Low glass transition temperature hole transport material in enhanced-performance solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell

A new triarylamine-based hole transport materials (HTM) with branched side chain giving low glass transition temperature (Tg) is synthesized and incorporated into a solid state dye sensitized solar cell. This designing of molecular structure of HTM for lowering the Tg along with viscosity and surface tension of the casting solution effectively increases the pore-filling fraction (PFF) as the cell is heated during the fabrication, leading to an 8 fold increasing in cell efficiency over cells without heat treatment. We relate the cell performance improvement not only due to the PFF of TiO2 by the (HTM), but also because of morphological and thickness changes in the hole transport material (HTM) capping layer.
Geology and origin of Europa's “Mitten” feature (Murias Chaos)

The "Mitten" (provisionally named Murias Chaos by the International Astronomical Union) is a region of elevated chaos-like terrain in the leading hemisphere of Europa. Its origin had been explained under the currently debated theories of melting through a thin lithosphere or convection within a thick one. Galileo observations reveal several characteristics that suggest that the Mitten is distinct from typical chaos terrain and point to a different formational process. Photoclinometric elevation estimates suggest that the Mitten is slightly elevated with respect to the surrounding terrain; geologic relations indicate that it must have raised significantly from the plains in its past, resembling disrupted domes on Europa's trailing hemisphere. Moreover, the Mitten material appears to have extruded onto the plains and flowed for tens of kilometers. The area subsequently subsided as a result of isostatic adjustment, viscous relaxation, and/or plains loading. Using plate flexure models, we estimated the elastic lithosphere in the area to be several kilometers thick. We propose that the Mitten originated by the ascent and extrusion of a large thermal diapir. Thermal-mechanical modeling shows that a Mitten-sized plume would remain sufficiently warm and buoyant to pierce through the crust and flow unconfined on the surface. Such a diapir probably had an initial radius between 5 and 8 km and an initial depth of 20-40 km, consistent with a thick-lithosphere model. In this scenario the Mitten appears to represent the surface expression of the rare ascent of a large diapir, in contrast to lenticulae and chaos terrain, which may form by isolated and clustered small diapirs, respectively.
Turbulent transport measurements with a laser Doppler velocimeter.

The power spectrum of phototube current from a laser Doppler velocimeter operating in the heterodyne mode has been computed. The spectrum is obtained in terms of the space time correlation function of the fluid. The spectral width and shape predicted by the theory are in agreement with experiment. For normal operating parameters the time average spectrum contains information only for times shorter than the Lagrangian integral time scale of the turbulence. To examine the long time behavior, one must use either extremely small scattering angles, much longer wavelength radiation or a different mode of signal analysis, e.g., FM detection.
Exercise two‐dimensional echocardiography: A technique for improving ultrasound images during exercise stress

A system of exercise stress echocardiography was developed in which, during exercise on a bicycle ergometer in a semirecumbent position, the echocardiographic transducer is held by a special device which maintains a relatively constant position between the transducer and the heart. The system was evaluated in 21 healthy subjects and technically satisfactory studies were obtained in 20. In these, the resolution and relative position of the cardiac image remained stable throughout exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate increased appropriately with our protocol with supine exercise; 95% of the subjects reached 90% of their predicted maximum heart rate for age. Ejection fraction measured by echocardiography increased from 54 +/- 1% to 70 +/- 1%. It is concluded that the use of our transducer-holding device in subjects performing exercise in the supine position significantly improves ultrasonic image quality and should enhance the clinical usefulness of exercise stress echocardiography.
Chemistry of the phenanthrenequinone (PEQ) test for monosubstituted guanidines

Abstract The alkylguanidine-detecting reagent phenanthrenequinone (PEQ) was found to give, in addition to the known fluorescent 2-amino-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]-imidazole, the aldehyde corresponding to the alkyl substituent. Benzylguanidine and PEQ gave benzaldehyde and the fluorescent compound; guanidoacetic acid and PEQ gave formaldehyde and a trace of glyoxylic acid; and arginine and PEQ gave low yields of glutamic acid and agmatine as well as ornithine and citrulline.
Endothelial cell seeding of prosthetic vascular grafts: early experimental studies with cultured autologous canine endothelium.

• Thirteen adult dogs underwent thoracoabdominal bypass operations with 6-mm, double-velour Dacron grafts 25 to 30 cm long. Experimental grafts were seeded with cultured autologous endothelial cells (n = 7). Unseeded grafts served as controls (n = 6). Endothelial cells were harvested from external jugular vein segments using 0.1% trypsin and 0.5% collagenase solutions. Grafts were studied at weeks 2 and 4. Endothelial cell coverage of experimental graft surfaces after two weeks was 60% to 70%, and approximately 80% after four weeks. Immunofluorescence using factor VIII-related antigen confirmed the graft's inner surface to be endothelium. Endothelial cell coverage in control grafts occurred as pannus ingrowth, and never exceeded more than 10% of the conduit surface. Generation of an early endothelial surface in prosthetic grafts is possible in a canine model using cultured autologous cells. (Arch Surg115:929-933, 1980)
Plasmonic enhancement of nanophosphor upconversion luminescence in Au nanohole arrays.

Arrays of subwavelength holes (nanoholes) in Au films were computationally designed, fabricated, and used as templates to localize and enhance the luminescence of upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs)—hexagonal phase NaYF4 doped with Yb3+ and Er3+. The dimensions of nanohole Au arrays were designed to accept only a single UCNP upon particle filling and with a periodicity to be resonant with the excitation wavelength of the upconversion. Frequency-dependent luminescence enhancements of up to 35-fold and a concomitant shortening of the UCNP luminescence rise time were observed, consistent with simulations of plasmonic enhancement of the UCNP absorption.
Histopathologic grading of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. An evaluation of 70 stage Ib patients

Multiple histopathologic parameters were evaluated to determine which were of prognostic value in predicting patient outcome. Seventy patients with clinical stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma constituted the study population. The patients were primarily treated by surgery, with actuarial survival rates of 76%, 68%, and 57% at 5-, 10-, and 15-year intervals. Eight of 57 patients (14%) with lymph node material available for review had pelvic lymph node metastases and a decreased survival rate (P less than 0.001). Thirty-six patients had 5 mm or less depth of tumor invasion in their hysterectomy specimen and a 5-year survival rate of 94%. Thirty patients had greater than 5 mm of invasion in resected uteri and a 5-year survival rate of 58% (P = 0.007). None of the patients with less than 5 mm of invasion died of their disease. Evaluation of nine histologic parameters in the initial biopsy specimens demonstrated that only vascular invasion (lymphatic and/or capillary) predicted a poor outcome (P = 0.046). Cell size, inflammatory response, degree of keratinization, or any of the other histologic parameters tested failed to demonstrate significant prognostic value in this study.
Effects of short-chain alcohols and norepinephrine on brain (Na+, K+)ATPase activity

Abstract (Na + , K + )ATPase activity in synaptic membranes from whole brains of mice was inhibited by a series of short-chain aliphatic alcohols (ethanol through pentanol). The relationship of inhibitory potency to alcohol chain length and to alcohol membrane: water partition coefficient suggested that the inhibitory effect of the alcohols does not depend totally on their interaction with neuronal membrane lipids. Although partitioning into the membranes is important for this inhibitory effect, a direct interaction of alcohol with the enzyme protein may also be involved in the inhibition. Norepinephrine did not significantly potentiate inhibition of (Na + , K + )ATPase activity by low concentrations of ethanol in preparations of either mouse or rat brain. Thus, under our conditions, ethanol, at levels which can be reached in vivo , only slightly inhibited enzyme activity, and the possible importance of this inhibition in mediating the in vivo acute or chronic effects of ethanol on the CNS remains open to question.
Effect of low-bias flow oscillation with partial liquid ventilation on fluoroscopic image analysis, gas exchange, and lung injury.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-bias flow oscillation (LBFO) with partial liquid ventilation (PLV) on perfluorochemical evaporation, histopathology, and oxidative tissue damage in an animal model of acute lung injury. DESIGN Prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING Research laboratory of a health sciences university. SUBJECTS Twelve New Zealand White rabbits. INTERVENTIONS Juvenile rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated through a tracheostomy with either high-frequency oscillatory ventilation or LBFO. Lung injury was induced by repeated saline lavage, after which perflubron was instilled through a side port of the endotracheal tube. Lateral fluoroscopic images were performed at baseline and at various postfill intervals of animals in the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-PLV and LBFO-PLV groups. The images were digitalized for computer analysis of the Lung Lucency Index, a surrogate marker of perflubron evaporation. Histopathologic evaluation was performed using a lung-injury scoring system. Malondialdehyde was measured in lung homogenates to assess oxidative damage. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There were no significant differences in gas exchange and ventilator settings between groups throughout the experiment. At 300 mins, the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-PLV group had a significantly higher Lung Lucency Index compared with the LBFO-PLV group in both dependent and nondependent lung regions (a high Lung Lucency Index correlates with increased perflubron loss). Malondialdehyde measurements were not different between groups. Animals treated with LBFO-PLV had a lower histopathologic lung-injury score compared with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-PLV. CONCLUSION LBFO-PLV is a viable mode of ventilation in a model of acute lung injury and is associated with significant preservation of perflubron in comparison with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-PLV. The lower evaporative losses during LBFO-PLV were associated with improved histology scores.
Where do organizational forms come from

Most theory and research on organizations assumes that the great diversity of organizational attributes reflects variation in implementation of a relatively small number of forms. Modern conceptions of organizational form concentrate on discontinuities in distributions of either attributes or relationships with other organizations. We argue that this approach be supplemented with an explicitly dynamic one that focuses on processes that create and erode boundaries in the organizational world. This paper discusses some of the advantages of this approach and specifies a number of processes that create and erode boundaries around organizational populations.
Spreader penetration during lateral compaction of resilon and gutta-percha.

Abstract Resilon, a thermoplastic, polyester polymer–based filling material, is a new material used for sealing root canals after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare nickel-titanium (NiTi) spreader penetration in root canals having a .04 taper preparation using .02 and .04 tapered master gutta-percha cones and .02 and .04 tapered master Resilon cones. Twenty canals, from extracted human teeth, were cleaned and shaped to a standardized 40/.04 size. Master cones of .02 or .04 tapered gutta-percha and .02 or .04 tapered Resilon were placed in each canal. A fine-fine NiTi spreader was then placed next to the master cone with a 1.5-kg force. The penetration depth was measured, subtracted from working length, and recorded. A significant difference in penetration depth (p
Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Indices of Auditory Processing Impairment in Children With Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder

Objective To evaluate whether children with borderline disorder (also referred to as multiple complex developmental disorder) (BD/MCDD) and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate evidence of abnormal attention and/or auditory processing impairments as indexed by both behavioral and physiological measures. Method Three groups of children were compared in two different experiments on behavioral rating scales (Conners Parent Rating Scale and Child Behavior Checklist), behavioral accuracy to auditory and visual target detection tasks, selected neuropsychological tests, and brain physiology (event-related potentials) collected during auditory and visual target detection tasks. Results The results demonstrate that children with BD/MCDD differ from children with ADHD in the (1) prevalence of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, (2) neuropsychological deficits related to auditory processing, and (3) event-related potential brain physiology associated with auditory cognitive target attention tasks. Conclusion Some of the pervasive pathology described in children with BD/MCDD may be due to biological vulnerabilities, particularly problems with auditory processing. Auditory processing impairments in such children deserves special attention with respect to both understanding their behavioral symptoms and developing a comprehensive treatment plan.
Oscillatory flow states in an enclosed cylinder with a rotating endwall

A combined experimental and numerical investigation is presented of the multiple oscillatory states that exist in the flows produced in a completely filled, enclosed, circular cylinder driven by the constant rotation of one of its endwalls. The flow in a cylinder of height to radius ratio 2.5 is interrogated experimentally using flow visualization and digitized images to extract quantitative temporal information. Numerical solutions of the axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations are used to study the same flow over a range of Reynolds numbers where the flow is observed to remain axisymmetric. Three oscillatory states have been identified, two of them are periodic and the third is quasi-periodic with a modulation frequency much smaller than the base frequency. The range of Reynolds numbers for which the quasi-periodic flow exists brackets the switch between the two periodic states. The results from the combined experimental and numerical study agree both qualitatively and quantitatively, providing unambiguous evidence of the existence and robustness of these multiple time-dependent states.
Demographic heterogeneity impacts density-dependent population dynamics

Among-individual variation in vital parameters such as birth and death rates that is unrelated to age, stage, sex, or environmental fluctuations is referred to as demographic heterogeneity. This kind of heterogeneity is prevalent in ecological populations, but is almost always left out of models. Demographic heterogeneity has been shown to affect demographic stochasticity in small populations and to increase growth rates for density-independent populations. The latter is due to “cohort selection,” where the most frail individuals die out first, lowering the cohort’s average mortality as it ages. The importance of cohort selection to population dynamics has only recently been recognized. We use a continuous-time model with density dependence, based on the logistic equation, to study the effects of demographic heterogeneity in mortality and reproduction. Reproductive heterogeneity is introduced in three ways: parent fertility, offspring viability, and parent–offspring correlation. We find that both the low-density growth rate and the equilibrium population size increase as the magnitude of mortality heterogeneity increases or as parent–offspring phenotypic correlation increases. Population dynamics are affected by complex interactions among the different types of heterogeneity, and trade-off scenarios are examined which can sometimes reverse the effect of increased heterogeneity. We show that there are a number of different homogeneous approximations to heterogeneous models, but all fail to capture important parts of the dynamics of the full model.
The Desk or the Bed

Assertions that studying is done best at a desk rather than on a bed are largely untested. In the present study the GPA of students working at their desks was compared with that of students studying on their beds. There was no difference in the GPA's of the two groups. The assumption that there is a single type of study environment optimal for all students appears unwarranted. Since a sizable number of college students use their beds and even the floor for studying, the use of softer and more comfortable furniture in libraries and study halls deserves consideration.
The Mysterious Merger of NGC?6868 and NGC?6861 in the Telescopium Group

We use Chandra X-ray observations of the hot gas in and around NGC 6868 and NGC 6861 in the Telescopium galaxy group (AS0851) to probe the interaction history between these galaxies. Mean surface brightness profiles for NGC 6868 and NGC 6861 are each well described by double β-models, suggesting that they are each the dominant galaxy in a galaxy subgroup about to merge. Surface brightness and temperature maps of the brightest group galaxy NGC 6868 show a cold front edge ~23 kpc to the north, and a cool 0.62 keV spiral-shaped tail to the south. Analysis of the temperature and density across the cold front constrains the relative motion between NGC 6868 and the ambient group gas to be at most transonic; while the spiral morphology of the tail strongly suggests that the cold front edge and tail are the result of gas sloshing due to the subgroup merger. The cooler central region of NGC 6861 is surrounded by a sheath of hot gas to the east and hot, bifurcated tails of X-ray emission to the west and northwest. We discuss supersonic infall of the NGC 6861 subgroup, sloshing from the NGC 6868 and NGC 6861 subgroup merger, and AGN heating as possible explanations for these features, and discuss possible scenarios that may contribute to the order of magnitude discrepancy between the Margorrian and black hole mass-σ predictions for its central black hole.
Probing a conjugated polymer's transfer of organization-dependent properties from solutions to films

The dynamic transfer of a conjugated polymer's organization-dependent properties from the solution state to the solid film state was probed by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Different supramolecular organizations within films and aggregate solutions of a chiral poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative led to opposite CPL and CD spectra. These dramatic property differences were controlled by regulating the polymer's self-assembly through solvent selection and film annealing. Therefore, different processing conditions can greatly affect the functional properties of conjugated polymer films employed in various optoelectronic applications.
An oral bioassay for the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile

We have developed an oral bioassay to determine the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. We fed seven concentrations of hydramethylnon in suspension to individual workers or queens, determined the amount of hydramethylnon ingested and evaluated the individual ants for mortality 14 days later. At concentrations ≥0.37 g liter−1, the amount of liquid the queens ingested decreased dramatically, indicating that Argentine ant queens may detect hydramethylnon. Significantly larger volumes of the two highest concentrations of the hydramethylnon suspension were ingested by the workers, compared to the lower concentrations, suggesting that hydramethylnon may act as a feeding stimulant for the workers. Worker mortality was higher than queen mortality at the highest concentrations tested. The highest worker mortality resulted when the ants ingested 1.03 µg of hydramethylnon per mg of ant tissue. At the highest concentration (1.0 g liter−1) tested, workers ingested almost 12 times as much active ingredient per mg of body weight as did queens, suggesting that, in order to increase mortality of queens, multiple feedings must occur. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Opportunistic Interruptions: Interactional Vulnerabilities Deriving From Linearization*

Speaking involves "linearizing" a message into a string of words. This process leaves us vulnerable to being interrupted in such a way that the aborted turn is a misrepresentation of the intended message. Further, because we linearize our messages in standard ways, we are recurrently vulnerable to interruptions at particular turn-construction junctures, and consequently to recurrent types of self-misrepresentation. These vulnerabilities can be exploited strategically when an interrupter responds to the truncated turn in a way that might not have been possible if the turn had run to completion: I refer to interruptions of this sort as "opportunistic." I explore the connection between linearization and opportunistic interruptions using data from two institutional settings characterized by confrontational exchanges: Supreme Court oral arguments and Pentagon press briefings. The extracts illustrate how speakers open themselves to opportunistic interruptions through projection of incipient options, actions, reasons, consequences, opinions, and restrictions.