cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Informedia digital video library: video and audio analysis for remembering conversations

The Informedia Project digital video library pioneered the automatic analysis of television broadcast news and its retrieval on demand. Building on that system, we have developed a wearable, personalized Informedia system, which listens to and transcribes the wearer's part of a conversation, recognizes the face of the current dialog partner and remembers his/her voice. The next time the system sees the same person's face and hears the same voice, it can retrieve the audio from the last conversation, replaying in compressed form the names and major issues that were mentioned. All of this happens unobtrusively, somewhat like an intelligent assistant who whispers to you: "That's Bob Jones from Tech Solutions; two weeks ago in London you discussed solar panels". This paper outlines the general system components as well as interface considerations. Initial implementations showed that both face recognition methods and speaker identification technology have serious shortfalls that must be overcome.
Student attitude changes during “Psychiatric Medicine” clerkships

Abstract Whether psychiatrists can provide effective training of medical students in the psychosocial aspects of patient care should be questioned seriously in view of numerous reports showing that psychiatric education of student physicians has often been inadequate and unpopular. Consequently, objective evidence of psychiatry's ability to enhance knowledge, and especially to change attitudes, is needed in order to substantiate its claim to a significant role in the psychosocial training of doctors. A survey of 111 medical students who completed a “Psychiatric Medicine” clerkship reveals that they developed more favorable attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatrists, as well as toward the treatability and likability of psychiatric patients. The meaning and implications of these findings are discussed.
PEDOT coated microelectrode arrays for chronic neural recording and stimulation

The efficacy of conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coatings was tested on microelectrodes for neural recording and stimulation. In vitro tests revealed that PEDOT coated electrodes were capable of injecting 15 times the charge of Platinum Iridium (PtIr) electrodes and Iridium Oxide (IrOx) coated electrodes when using constant current stimulation at zero voltage bias. Furthermore, in vivo chronic testing in rats revealed that PEDOT coated electrodes showed higher signal to noise recordings and superior charge capacity compared to PtIr electrodes.
Shoulder Strength and Physical Activity Predictors of Shoulder Pain in People With Paraplegia From Spinal Injury: Prospective Cohort Study

Background Shoulder joint pain is a frequent secondary complaint for people following spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of shoulder joint pain in people with paraplegia. Methods/Design A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted. Participants were people with paraplegia who used a manual wheelchair for at least 50% of their mobility and were asymptomatic for shoulder pain at study entry. Participants were classified as having developed shoulder pain if they experienced an increase of ≥10 points on the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index in the 3-year follow-up period. Measurements of maximal isometric shoulder torques were collected at study entry (baseline), 18 months, and 3 years. Daily activity was measured using a wheelchair odometer, and self-reported daily transfer and raise frequency data were collected by telephone every 6 weeks. Results Two hundred twenty-three participants were enrolled in the study; 39.8% developed shoulder pain over the 3-year follow-up period. Demographic variables and higher activity levels were not associated with shoulder pain onset. Baseline maximal isometric torque (normalized by body weight) in all shoulder muscle groups was 10% to 15% lower in participants who developed shoulder pain compared with those who remained pain-free. Lower shoulder adduction torque was a significant predictor of shoulder pain development (log-likelihood test=11.38), but the model explained only 7.5% of shoulder pain onset and consequently is of limited clinical utility. Limitations Time since SCI varied widely among participants, and transfer and raise activity was measured by participant recall. Conclusions Participants who developed shoulder pain had decreased muscle strength, particularly in the shoulder adductors, and lower levels of physical activity prior to the onset of shoulder pain. Neither factor was a strong predictor of shoulder pain onset.
Executive control influences linguistic representations

Although it is known that words acquire their meanings partly from the contexts in which they are used, we proposed that the way in which words are processed can also influence their representation. We further propose that individual differences in the way that words are processed can consequently lead to individual differences in the way that they are represented. Specifically, we showed that executive control influences linguistic representations by influencing the coactivation of competing and reinforcing terms. Consequently, people with poorer executive control perceive the meanings of homonymous terms as being more similar to one another, and those of polysemous terms as being less similar to one another, than do people with better executive control. We also showed that bilinguals with poorer executive control experience greater cross-linguistic interference than do bilinguals with better executive control. These results have implications for theories of linguistic representation and language organization.
FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TETRAGONAL LEAD BARIUM NIOBATE (PB1-XBAXNB2O6)CRYSTALS NEAR THE MORPHOTROPIC PHASE BOUNDARY

Tungsten bronze ferroelectrics with a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) have become increasingly important for a variety of applications because of their enhanced and unique properties near the MPB. Lead barium niobate (Pb1−xBaxNb2O6) crystals, which have a morphotropic phase boundary between the orthorhombic (1 − x > ∼0.63) and tetragonal (1 − x, <, 0.63) phases, were grown in sealed Pt crucibles by the vertical Bridgman method for tetragonal compositions near the MPB, and their ferroelectric properties were investigated. The ferroelectric domain structures in as-grown crystals were revealed either by etching in hydrofluoric acid or by polishing with colloidal silica, the latter providing clearer features. Domain size on the surface perpendicular to the polar axis was 10–50 μm. Crystals could be poled by slowly cooling from above the Curie temperatures (300–400 °C) under a dc field of 5 V/mm. The spontaneous polarization Ps of tetragonal Pb1−xBaxNb2O6 was found to be in the range of 0.40–0.70 μC/mm2 at room temperature depending on composition and increased as the composition approached morphotropic phase boundary (1 − x = ∼0.63), as expected.
The Pursuit of Art and Pleasure in the Secret Grotto of Wilhelm V of Bavaria

The Grottenhof is a small garden surrounded by painted loggias in the Munich Residence, a palace that served as the seat of the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria beginning in the sixteenth century. Completed between 1582 and 1589, the garden contains an elaborate grottoed fountain, sculpture, and paintings based on Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The pictorial program of the painted loggias combines images of mythological ardor with illusionistic interlopers from everyday court life who make punning references to the pursuit of love. The sources for the garden can be found in Italian and French prototypes, yet the program of decorations creates a variety of associations that were unique to the patron, Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria. The material and subject matter also reflect contemporary theories about art, nature, and the ordering of knowledge that informed the earliest cabinets of curiosities, where collections of art and natural objects were brought together in the so-called Kunstkammer. The garden was meant to engage all of the senses in a sanctuary that stimulated sensual thoughts while provoking broader contemplation about creativity and art.
The Pipeline Program at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Dentistry

This chapter presents an overview of the Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education program as it was conducted at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Dentistry from 2002 to 2007. Pipeline programs, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Prostitution as violence against women: Ngo stonewalling in beijing and elsewhere

Abstract International policies and legislation increasingly omit prostitution per se from the category of violence against women. Various governmental and non-governmental groups make efforts to distinguish and thus to legitimize certain practices of sexual exploitation, drawing distinctions, for example, between forced and free prostitution. These efforts culminated in lobbying for what would be finally included in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action that emerged from the Fourth World Women’s Conference in Beijing. This article addresses these efforts; the NGOs who advocate such distinctions; and the consequences of revising the harm done to women in prostitution into a consenting act.
Pathophysiology of central sleep apneas

The transition from wake to sleep is accompanied by a host of physiologic changes, which result in major alterations in respiratory control and may result in sleep-related breathing disorders. The central sleep apneas are a group of sleep-related breathing disorders that are characterized by recurrent episodes of airflow reduction or cessation due to a temporary reduction or absence of central respiratory drive. The fundamental hallmark of central sleep apnea (CSA) disorders is the presence of ventilatory control instability; however, additional mechanisms play a role in one or more specific manifestations of CSA. CSA may manifest during conditions of eucapnia/hypocapnia or chronic hypercapnia, which is a useful clinical classification that lends understanding to the underlying pathophysiology and potential therapies. In this review, an overview of normal breathing physiology is provided, followed by a discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms that promote CSA and the mechanisms that are specific to different manifestations of CSA.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells characterized by osteolytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, and renal failure [1, 2]. Patients with multiple myeloma must be differentiated from those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (Table 33.1). Multiple myeloma accounts for 1 % of all malignant disease and slightly more than 10 % of hematologic malignancies in the United States. The annual incidence, age-adjusted to the 2000 United States population, is 4.3 per 100,000 [14]. Approximately 20,850 new cases and 11,680 myeloma deaths are estimated to occur in the United States in 2009 [15]. Multiple myeloma is slightly more common in men than in women, and is twice as common in African-Americans compared with Caucasians [16]. The median age of patients at the time of diagnosis is about 65 years; [17] only 2 % of the patients are younger than 40.
Default-Mode Network Abnormalities in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have identified default-mode network (DMN) abnormalities, including reduced within-network connectivity and reduced anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN). However, no prior studies have specifically examined DMN connectivity in pediatric PTSD, which may differ due to neurodevelopmental factors. Method A total of 29 youth with PTSD and 30 nontraumatized healthy youth of comparable age and sex completed rs-fMRI. DMN properties were examined using posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed-based connectivity and independent component analysis (ICA). Results Contrary to findings in adult studies, youth with PTSD displayed increased connectivity within the DMN, including increased PCC–inferior parietal gyrus connectivity, and age-related increases in PCC–ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity. Strikingly, youth with PTSD also displayed greater anticorrelation between the PCC and multiple nodes within salience and attentional control networks of the TPN. ICA revealed greater anticorrelation between the entire DMN and TPN networks in youth with PTSD. Furthermore, DMN and TPN connectivity strength were positively and negatively associated, respectively, with re-experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Conclusion Pediatric PTSD is characterized by heightened within-DMN connectivity, which may contribute to re-experiencing symptoms of PTSD and is consistent with the role of the DMN in autobiographical memory. At the same time, greater anticorrelation between the DMN and attentional control networks may represent compensatory mechanisms aimed at suppressing trauma-related thought, a notion supported by the inverse relationship between TPN strength and re-experiencing. These findings provide new insights into large-scale network abnormalities underlying pediatric PTSD, which could serve as biomarkers of illness and treatment response.
Trinko V. Baxter: The Demise of U.S. V. At&T

The Supreme Court's decision in Verizon v. Trinko, especially in relying on regulation to justify limiting the scope of antitrust enforcement, contradicts both the outcome in U.S. v. AT&T twenty years ago and the theory on which that case rested. The fundamental facts, discrimination against unaffiliated competitors in access to regulated monopoly network services, were the same in both cases. In U.S. v. AT&T, those facts were seen as consistent with a view that regulation created anticompetitive vertical incentives that would not be present in unregulated markets. In Trinko, the Court concluded that the regulation mitigated a problem that would be of greater concern in unregulated markets. Additional error arises in Trinko from its reliance on economically erroneous monopolization doctrines that immunize refusals to deal where no profits were sacrificed or where the dealing was not voluntary. The fundamental reversal of the relevance of regulation in monopolization cases implies that had Trinko been the law in 1980, the antitrust cases against AT&T would have failed and it would have remained a monopolist in both local and long distance service. Effects go beyond the telecommunications sector to other partially regulated industries and perhaps to the use of economics in antitrust jurisprudence.
Multiple giant bullae of the lung mimicking massive pneumothorax in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta

A 60-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our emergency department with progressive dyspnoea, chronic cough and general asthenia. Physical examination revealed lack of left chest wall motion and absent breath sounds over the left hemithorax. Vital signs were stable with a heart rate of 90 bpm, blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry of 95% while breathing room air. The patient reported being an active smoker with …
Overlay Coatings Technology Development for GRCop-84 Combustion Chamber Liners for Reusable Launch Vehicles

The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate metallic overlay coatings for a recently-developed combustion liner copper alloy, designated GRCop-84 (Cu-8Cr-4Nb (at.%)), for liquid propulsion rocket engines. In this paper, the overall approach to this development and evaluation effort, based on the coating requirements, will be presented. Recent results on the testing and evaluation of coatings deposited by kinetic metallization (KM) and vacuum plasma spray (VPS) will be presented. Testing of these coatings consisted of cyclic furnace oxidation, interface stability and interdiffusional studies. Subscale liners were also coated to demonstrate the technology. Modeling and testing results on coatings deposited by other techniques will also be discussed to further evaluate the coatings in view of the coating requirements. Lastly, this work has shown that a NiCrAlY top coat with a CuCrAl bond coat can meet all of the stated requirements to protect and extend the life of GRCop-84 rocket combustion chamber liners.
Effect of a high protein and high nucleic acid diet on occurrence of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced cancer in rats.

Summary1. The substitution of 5% high (6%) nucleic acid yeast for casein in a synthetic diet containing 45% casein and 0.06% 2-acetylaminofluorene significantly increased average survival of the rats but did not prevent development of the induced neoplasms. 2. Substitution of 1, 2, or 5% purified desoxyribonucleic acid or 5% Brewers yeast for casein in similar diets did not affect average survival period or frequency of occurrence of the induced neoplasms. 3. The high protein diet appeared to accelerate occurrence of the acetylaminofluorene-induced squamous cell carcinomas of the external auditory meatus.
Stigma as a barrier to engaging in mental health services among adolescents who survive natural disasters

ABSTRACTMany barriers impact the utilization of mental health services among adolescents who survive natural disasters. Although stigma has been identified as one of these barriers, minimal work examines the etiological factors that impact stigma and how these factors operate in perpetuating stigma among adolescents after a disaster. Understanding the role that stigma plays is a critical step to raising awareness of the cognitive and behavioral processes that preserve adolescents’ well-being, timely attainment of developmental milestones, and the potential for engagement in meaningful opportunities. We modify an existing adolescent self-stigma model to better understand how youth might respond psychologically to natural disasters both immediately after the event as well as during the long-term recovery phase. Future empirical research should assess the validity of these barriers within the suggested temporal framework. If this proposed conceptual piece is validated, interventions could be designed that di...
MATRICES AND LINEAR SYSTEMS

This chapter discusses matrices and linear systems. In solving a system of linear equations, the system of equations should be transformed into an equivalent system of equations that is easier to solve. A system of equations yields an equivalent system of equations if any two rows are interchanged; a row is multiplied by a nonzero constant; or a multiple of one row is added to another row. A matrix is in reduced row echelon form if: (1) a row is not made up entirely of zeros, then the leftmost nonzero number in the row is a 1; (2) there are any rows consisting entirely of zeros, they are all together at the bottom of the matrix; (3) in two successive rows, not consisting entirely of zeros, the first nonzero number in the lower row is to the right of the first nonzero number in the upper row; and (4) each column that contains the first nonzero number of some row has zeros everywhere else.
Optical Interconnection Applications Of Diode Lasers

High-efficiency lasers that can be directly driven by digital logic circuits with no additional driver circuitry are attractive for interconnection applications. Lasers with the desired characteristics have been made. This device has a threshold of 4 mA, over 10 mW of output power at 25 mA, and over 60% differential quantum efficiency. The -3-dB frequency of this particular laser is over 10 GHz at 25 mA. Lasers of this type are sufficiently efficient that diode lasers and detectors can be connected directly to digital gates without additional drivers or preamplifiers. A free-space board-toboard interconnection3 achieved 19% differential current efficiency and operated at 1 Gb/s, a rate limited by the logic circuitry. The average power dissipation on the transmitter side of the link is estimated to be 20 to 25 mW for bit patterns with an equal probabilility of 1's and 0's. The average power dissipation of the receiver is also about 20 mW.
Lack of efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood.

s / Digestive and Liver Disease 47S (2015) e237–e276 e255 possible diversity within the household and suggest the usefulness of its monitoring and possible interventions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.095
Adhesion and Removal of Particles: Effect of Medium

Intermolecular forces of attraction between particles and surfaces are generally lower in a liquid medium compared to gases, and vacuum is lower by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Using liquids facilitates cleaning of particles from surfaces. Although cleaning technology using liquids is available, no systematic measurement of adhesion forces and cleaning effectiveness is reported in the literature. This paper presents results of adhesion measurement using a new technique developed for rapid and accurate data acquisition for liquid and gaseous media.
Homogeneous Nucleation of Ice in Transiently-Heated, Supercooled Liquid Water Films

We have investigated the nucleation and growth of crystalline ice in 0.24 μm thick, supercooled water films adsorbed on Pt(111). The films were transiently heated with ∼10 ns infrared laser pulses, which produced typical heating and cooling rates of ∼109–1010 K/s. The crystallization of these water films was monitored with infrared spectroscopy. The experimental conditions were chosen to suppress ice nucleation at both the water/metal and water/vacuum interfaces. Furthermore, internal pressure increases due to curvature effects are precluded in these flat films. Therefore, the experiments were sensitive to the homogeneous ice nucleation rate from ∼210 to 225 K. The experiments show that Jmax, the maximum for the homogeneous ice nucleation rate, J(T), needs to be ≥1026 m–3 s–1 and is likely to be ∼1029±2 m–3 s–1. We argue that such large nucleation rates are consistent with experiments on hyperquenched glassy water, which typically have crystalline fractions of ∼1% or more.
Tocotrienol supplementation suppressed bone resorption and oxidative stress in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 12-week randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

Tocotrienols have shown bone-protective effect in animals. This study showed that a 12-week tocotrienol supplementation decreased concentrations of bone resorption biomarker and bone remodeling regulators via suppressing oxidative stress in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Tocotrienols (TT) have been shown to benefit bone health in ovariectomized animals, a model of postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12-week TT supplementation on bone markers (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), urine N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (sRANKL), and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG)), urine calcium, and an oxidative stress biomarker (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Eighty-nine postmenopausal osteopenic women (59.7 ± 6.8 year, BMI 28.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) placebo (430 mg olive oil/day), (2) low TT (430 mg TT/day, 70% purity), and (3) high TT (860 mg TT/day, 70% purity). TT, an extract from annatto seed with 70% purity, consisted of 90% delta-TT and 10% gamma-TT. Overnight fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks for biomarker analyses. Eighty-seven subjects completed the 12-week study. Relative to the placebo group, there were marginal decreases in serum BALP level in the TT-supplemented groups over the 12-week study period. Significant decreases in urine NTX levels, serum sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG ratio, and urine 8-OHdG concentrations and a significant increase in BALP/NTX ratio due to TT supplementation were observed. TT supplementation did not affect serum OPG concentrations or urine calcium levels throughout the study period. There were no significant differences in NTX level, BALP/NTX ratio, sRANKL level, and sRANKL/OPG ratio between low TT and high TT groups. Twelve-week annatto-extracted TT supplementation decreased bone resorption and improved bone turnover rate via suppressing bone remodeling regulators in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Such osteoprotective TT’s effects may be, in part, mediated by an inhibition of oxidative stress. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02058420. Title: Tocotrienols and bone health of postmenopausal women.
Regulatory Effects of NAD+ Metabolic Pathways on Sirtuin Activity

NAD+ acts as a crucial regulator of cell physiology and as an integral participant in cellular metabolism. By virtue of a variety of signaling activities this central metabolite can exert profound effects on organism health status. Thus, while it serves as a well-known metabolic cofactor functioning as a redox-active substrate, it can also function as a substrate for signaling enzymes, such as sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerases, mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases, and CD38. Sirtuins function as NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (deacylases) and catalyze the reaction of NAD+ with acyllysine groups to remove the acyl modification from substrate proteins. This deacetylation provides a regulatory function and integrates cellular NAD+ metabolism into a large spectrum of cellular processes and outcomes, such as cell metabolism, cell survival, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and even lifespan. Increased attention to how regulated and pharmacologic changes in NAD+ concentrations can impact sirtuin activities has motivated openings of new areas of research, including investigations of how NAD+ levels are regulated at the subcellular level, and searches for more potent NAD+ precursors typified by nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). This review describes current results and thinking of how NAD+ metabolic pathways regulate sirtuin activities and how regulated NAD+ levels can impact cell physiology. In addition, NAD+ precursors are discussed, with attention to how these might be harnessed to generate novel therapeutic options to treat the diseases of aging.
Ocean Circulation: Meridional Overturning Circulation

The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) overturns and ventilates the great mass of water in the ocean’s interior. It was once called the ‘thermohaline circulation’ to emphasize the importance of buoyancy forces (heating, cooling, freshening, and salinification) in its creation. It is now seen as a connected series of motions that are driven directly or indirectly by the stress of the wind on the ocean’s surface.
Bypass Procedures for Mesenteric Ischemia

Acute or chronic mesenteric ischemic syndromes result from interruption of mesenteric blood flow. Specific symptoms depend on the nature, degree, and duration of blood flow interruption as well as individual differences in specific mesenteric anatomy and collateral development. Typically, elderly patients with multiple atherosclerotic comorbidities are more frequently affected by acute syndromes; patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia symptoms are more frequently younger (mean age of 58) and female (60%) (Moawad et al. 1997). Both groups of patients manifest a high incidence of smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease.
Carbonic Anhydrase III

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) is a zinc metalloenzyme known to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3−. CA III is approximately 300-fold less enzymatically active compared with the most efficient carbonic anhydrases. Hence, its physiological relevance is still unclear; however, it has been proposed to be associated with muscle contraction, protection from oxidative stress, and regulation of adipogenesis. In this chapter, its discovery, catalytic mechanism, structure, and function will be described. Also its proposed role in several metabolic and regulatory pathways in mammals and its uses as a biomarker and potential drug target will be discussed.
Computational Modeling of Oxygen Ordering and Structural Phase Transitions in YBa2Cu3O6+x

The superconducting critical temperature of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x depends crucially on the concentration and ordering of oxygen ions in the CuO x basal planes.1 If x is less than approximately 1/2, the material is in a nonsuper-conducting tetragonal phase (T). Orthorhombic phases with x≈1/2 (OII) and x≈1 (OI) become superconducting at approximately 60 K and 90 K, respectively. The existence of both OI and OII as equilibrium ordered phases has been confirmed by a number of experimental methods.2–9 Other ordered phases, including (2√2×2√2),10 have also been observed, but their thermodynamic stability has not yet been firmly established.11
Global Political Economy and Democracy: Four Paradigmatic Views

Any explanation of democracy is based on a worldview. The premise of this book is that any worldview can be associated with one of the four broad paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. This chapter takes the case of democracy and discusses it from the four different viewpoints. It emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the phenomenon from their certain paradigmatic viewpoint; and together they provide a more balanced understanding of the phenomenon under consideration.
Nonbiological Factors Affecting Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adults with Lymphoma

Abstract Background: Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in adolescent and young adults (AYA). Although histology, stage, age, and gender are known to affect outcome, little is known about nonbiological factors (NBF) that may affect access to care on survival. Objectives: To determine the impact of NBF in the survival of AYA with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Design/Methods: The impact of NBF (insurance status, median household income, and educational achievement in the county of residence) along with biological factors (histology, stage, gender, age, and race/ethnicity) on survival of AYA lymphoma patients was analyzed using a SEER-18 (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) cohort diagnosed between 2007 and 2014. Results: There were 8,173 cases of cHL and 4,973 cases of NHL with a median follow-up of 44 months and 32 months, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) for AYA patients with localized cHL according to insurance status was 98% vs. 91% vs. 92% for insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients, respectively (P Conclusion: Lack of insurance or Medicaid insured status and lower income are associated with increased mortality in AYA lymphomas, indicating an opportunity to increase outcomes by addressing NBF. Disclosures Costa: Karyopharm: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding.
A theoretical study of deuterium isotope effects in the reactions H2 + CH3 and H + CH4

This paper presents ab initio potential surface parameters and transition state theory (TST) rate constants for the reaction H/sub 2/ + CH/sub 3/ ..-->.. H + CH/sub 4/, its reverse, and all the deuterium isotopic counterparts associated with it and its reverse. The potential surface parameters are derived from accurate POLCI calculations and include vibrational frequencies, moments of inertia, and other quantities for CH/sub 3/, H/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, and the H-H-CH/sub 3/ saddle point. TST rate constants are calculated from standard expressions and the Wigner tunneling correction. For H/sub 2/ + CH/sub 3/ and H/sub 2/ + CD/sub 3/, agreement of the rate constant with experiment is good over a broad temperature range, suggesting that the calculated 10.7 kcal/mol barrier is accurate to within about 0.5 kcal/mol barrier. Agreement with experiment for H + CH/sub 4/ using the calculated 13.5 kcal/mol reverse reaction barrier is poorer; a 12.5 kcal/mol barrier is found to provide a more reasonable estimate of the true barrier. The analysis of isotope effects in the H + CH/sub 4/ reaction is restricted to examining the branching ratios between H and D atom abstraction in the reaction of H with the mixed species CH/sub 3/D, CH/submore » 2/D/sub 2/, and CHD/sub 3/. A combination of reaction path multiplicity, favorable zero point energy shifts, and a greater likelihood of tunneling causes H atom abstraction to predominate over D atom abstraction in H + CH/sub 3/D and H + CH/sub 2/D/sub 2/, but for H + CHD/sub 3/, it was found that the H atom and D atom abstraction rate constants cross near 700 K, with H atom abstraction dominating at low temperatures and D atom at high. 9 figures, 7 tables.« less
PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI BIOMASA PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS JAGUNG HIBRIDA (Zea Mays)

This research was aimed to determine the effect of beef fertilizer on growth and biomass production in some corn hybrid varieties (Zea mays) . This research used completely randomized design factorial 6 x 4 with four replications. The first factor is the corn hybrid varieties were V1 (Bisi-2), V2 (Bisi-16), V3 (Bisi-222), V4 (Nk-212), V5 (Pertiwi-2), V6 (Pacific-224), and the second factor was the level of beef fertilizer were P0 (0 ton/ha), P1 (20 ton/ha), P2 (30 tons/ha), P3 (40 tons/ha). The parameters measured were growth of plant height, the fresh water production and leaf blade percentage of corn hybrid varieties. The results showed that the variety and level of treatment of fertilizer was highly significant effected (P<0,01) to the plant high, the fresh water production and leaf blade percentage corn hybrid varieties. Interaction factor were significant effected (P<0.05) to the fresh water production, whereas in the growth of plant high and leaf blade percentage did not effected (P<0.05). Each treatment was getting the best results in plant height at V2P3 (224 cm), fresh water production at V4P3 (5234 g/plot) and leaf blade percentage at V4P2 (35.35%).
A War of Minds Waged Against Bodies: The Political Activist as Prisoner and Patient

In disability studies, discussing the process of becoming disabled is often discouraged. It is not ok to ask “what happened” because it positions disability as an accident and otherwise undesirable. Instead, the field has focused on the social model as a way to divorce disability from discourses about suffering, and rightly so, affirm disabled identity while challenging social societal attitudes that devalue disabled life and obstacles such as environments inhospitable to disabled bodies. Despite the interventions of scholars like Susan Wendell, Tom Shakespeare, and Margaret Price, there is still an understandably strong resistance in the field to discussing disability and suffering. What has happened, however, is that the experiences of becoming disabled for those who occupy multiple marginalized positions must be elided. For instance, to ask disabled black women “what happened” might reveal narratives like that shared in Assata Shakur’s memoir, which reveals that she experienced a temporary physical disability, in the form of paralysis, and chronic illness as an effect of state violence. As Nirmalla Erevelles has argued elsewhere, disability is often the result of racialized socio-economic subjugation. In this paper, I analyze Assata Shakur’s 1987 memoir, Assata: An Autobiography, as but one instantiation in a body of African American literature that links state violence to becoming disabled. I argue that Shakur uses her bodily fragility to bear witness to the violence the state executes against the U.S. marginalized communities.
Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a common and chronic immunoglobulin E-mediated respiratory illness that can affect quality of life and productivity, as well as exacerbate other conditions such as asthma. Treatment should be based on the patient's age and severity of symptoms. Patients should be educated about their condition and advised to avoid known allergens. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment and should be first-line therapy for persistent symptoms affecting quality of life. More severe disease that does not respond to intranasal corticosteroids should be treated with second-line therapies, including antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and nonpharmacologic therapies such as nasal irrigation. Subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy should be considered if usual treatments do not adequately control symptoms and in patients with allergic asthma. Evidence does not support the use of mite-proof impermeable mattresses and pillow covers, breastfeeding, air filtration systems, or delayed exposure to solid foods in infancy or to pets in childhood.
A maxillomandibular record for a removable partial denture by using polyvinyl siloxane and the metal framework: A dental technique.

Abstract The accuracy of the maxillomandibular record influences the relationship of the definitive cast and therefore the success of a prosthesis. This article describes a technique in which polyvinyl siloxane is used to both stabilize a removable partial denture on the edentulous ridge and being the recording material itself. The technique is practical and time efficient, allowing the clinician to perform this step in a single appointment.
Exploring Critical Thinking as an Outcome for Students Enrolled in Community Colleges

Objective: Using data from HEIghten® Critical Thinking, a student learning outcomes assessment, the purpose of this study was to evaluate what variables are associated with higher critical thinking...
Vascularized Temporoparietal Fascial Flap: A Novel Surgical Technique to Bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier in Glioblastoma.

Background The major difficulty in treating glioblastoma stems from the intrinsic privileged nature of the brain. This complicates therapy, as many traditionally potent chemotherapeutics cannot access their target sites in the brain. Several techniques have been investigated to overcome this barrier and facilitate drug delivery. However, these techniques have inherent shortcomings related to the delivery system, the drug itself, or its bioactivity. Periosteal flaps and temporoparietal fascial flaps (TPFFs) are widely used options because they have predictable vasculature and a wide rotational arc. These flaps are not restricted by the blood-brain barrier, as they derive their vascular supply from branches of the external carotid artery, which can be readily identified with Doppler ultrasound. We hypothesized that transposition of a vascularized TPFF to the walls of a resected tumor surgical cavity may bring autologous tissue not restricted by the blood-brain barrier in close vicinity of the resected tumor bed microenvironment. This offers a nonselective, long-lasting gateway to target the residual tumor cells nesting in the brain adjacent to the tumor. Case Description A 47-year-old, right-handed woman with newly diagnosed multifocal glioblastoma underwent excision of the tumor and TPFF placement. This illustrative case report represents the first case of the use of this novel surgical technique with radiologic follow-up. Conclusions The blood-brain barrier is identified as a major barrier for effective drug delivery in glioblastoma. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the TPFF technique to bypass this barrier and help facilitate the goal of improving drug delivery.
Infective Endocarditis Guidelines: The Challenges of Adherence-A Survey of Infectious Diseases Clinicians.

Background Guidelines exist to aid clinicians in managing patients with infective endocarditis (IE), but the degree of adherence with guidelines by Infectious Disease (ID) physicians is largely unknown. Methods An electronic survey assessing adherence with selected IE guidelines was emailed to 1409 adult ID physician members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Emerging Infections Network. Results Five hundred fifty-seven physicians who managed IE responded. Twenty percent indicated that ID was not consulted on every case of IE at their hospitals, and 13% did not recommend transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for all IE cases. The duration of antimicrobial therapy was timed from the first day of negative blood cultures by 91% of respondents. Thirty-four percent of clinicians did not utilize an aminoglycoside for staphylococcal prosthetic valve IE (PVE). Double β-lactam therapy was "usually" or "almost always" employed by 83% of respondents for enterococcal IE. For patients with active IE who underwent valve replacement and manifested positive surgical cultures, 6 weeks of postoperative antibiotics was recommended by 86% of clinicians. Conclusions The finding that adherence was <90% with core guideline recommendations that all patients with suspected IE be seen by ID and that all patients undergo TTE is noteworthy. Aminoglycoside therapy of IE appears to be declining, with double β-lactam regimens emerging as the preferred treatment for enterococcal IE. The duration of postoperative antimicrobial therapy for patients undergoing valve replacement during acute IE is poorly defined and represents an area for which additional evidence is needed.
LC-MS detection of antibiotic agents in sputum from persons with cystic fibrosis

Antibiotic therapy is expected to impact host microbial communities considerably, yet many studies focused on microbiome and health are often confounded by limited information about antibiotic exposure. Given that antibiotics have diverse pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial properties, investigating the type and concentration of these agents in specific host specimens would provide much needed insight into their impact on the microbes therein. Here, we developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to detect 18 antibiotic agents in sputum from persons with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic spike-in control samples were used to compare three liquid extraction methods on the Waters Acquity Quattro Premier XE. Extraction with dithiothreitol captured the most antibiotics and was used to detect antibiotics in sputum samples from 11 people with cystic fibrosis, with results being compared to the individuals' self-reported antibiotic use. For the sputum samples, two LC-MS assays were used; the Quattro Premier detected nanomolar or micromolar concentrations of 16 antibiotics, whereas the Xevo TQ-XS detected all 18 antibiotics, most at sub-nanomolar levels. In 45% of tested sputum samples (71/158), at least one antibiotic that was not reported by the subject was detected by both LC-MS methods, a discordance largely explained by the thrice weekly administration and long half-life of azithromycin. For ∼37% of samples, antibiotics reported as taken by the individual were not detected by either instrument. Our results provide an approach for detecting a variety of antibiotics at the site of infection, thereby providing a means to include antibiotic usage data into microbiome studies.
The Risk and Return of Commercial Real Estate: A Property Level Analysis

I compare the performance of the index-based time series approach and the cross-sectional approach in estimating factor loadings of nontraded assets, and show that the latter likely provides less biased and more efficient estimates. I then use the cross-sectional approach to estimate the loadings of privately owned commercial real estate on the Fama and French (1993) factors, the Pastor and Stambaugh (2003) liquidity factor, and two bond market factors, using a sample of 14,115 properties in the 1977–2012 period. I find statistically significant loadings, of which the signs seem consistent across property types, but the magnitude varies. Using the time series approach on the same data, I find insignificant loadings on virtually all factors. To investigate the sources of the weak results from the time series approach, I conduct a Monte Carlo simulation in which both approaches are correctly specified and indices can be estimated perfectly. Simulation results suggest that the cross-sectional approach provides more accurate estimates under reasonable market conditions.
Using Wearable Technology to Measure the Association Between Neck Posture and Pain During Urologic Open and Robotic Surgery.

Purpose: Chronic neck pain is the most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal injury among surgeons. Urologists may be at higher risk of neck injury due to extended time spent operating in deep ana...
Impact of COVID-19 on Various Sectors of the Economy

COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on the economy in a variety of ways. The effect of the novel coronavirus on various aspects of the Indian economy and the economies of South Asian countries is investigated in this research paper. This study's main goals are as follows: 1. To understand impact of COVID-19 on overall Indian Economy and South Asian countries. 2. To know impact of COVID-19 on different sectors and 3. To find out the GDP growth rate of the economy. India's economy is the world's fifth highest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.94 trillion, surpassing the United Kingdom and France to take fifth place in 2019. India's GDP is also $10.51 trillion in purchasing power parity (PPP), surpassing Japan and Germany and placing India as the world's third largest contributor to GDP. According to data released by the International Monetary Fund, India's GDP growth premium over emerging economies (EMs) is expected to drop to a seven-year low of 1.1 percent in the current fiscal year 2019-20, owing to poor investment, credit problems, currency volatility, slower demand growth, and increasing inflation (IMF). The study depicts the actual GDP growth rate when taking into account market inflated final goods and services rates. According to the ADB's COVID-19 pandemic outlook, inflation in the sub-region will be moderate, averaging 4.1 percent in 2020, as food inflation in India eases due to improved agriculture. Because of this minor inflationary rate in South Asia, the pandemic would cause the real GDP growth rate in all countries to slow down. With subsidies and price caps on basic goods, the Maldives' remarkably low inflation will remain the same, despite an expected deterioration in the recommended requirements. Pakistan, on the other hand, would experience double-digit inflation due to rising food prices. Annual inflation in South Asian countries increased significantly from 3.3 percent in 2019 to 2.4 percent in 2020, with real GDP rising by 6.6 percent. According to Central Statistics, India's nominal GDP reached 728.6 USD billion in December 2019, and its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased by 2.9 percent. In March 2019, India's GDP per capita was 2,044.6 USD. Steps taken to halt its spread, such as state lockdowns, halted economic activity and could have a significant effect on both consumption and investment.