cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of Built-In Tests for Active Fault Detection and Isolation of Discrete Faults

A method is proposed to improve system reliability in terms of self-detection and isolation of discrete faults. The application of this method on the design of built-in tests for maintenance is presented using the case of aircraft environmental control system maintenance testing. Built-in testing during aircraft on-ground maintenance allows for wider system input variability due to the absence of operational constraints and requirements. This provides an opportunity to optimally design tests that improve the fault detection and isolation capabilities for operators and maintenance crews. A general mathematical framework for built-in test design is shown using a model-based active fault detection and isolation technique. The motivation for this paper is first illustrated through a case study showing the inability to detect and isolate faults at different conditions, demonstrating how system states contribute to these issues. The success of the proposed framework is demonstrated by designing built-in tests that are capable of fully detecting and isolating a multiplicity of faults common to aircraft environmental control systems. We conclude by presenting the value of the proposed method of detecting and isolating faults, as a solution to a constrained optimization problem with the admissible system inputs as manipulated variables.
How Anonymity and Visibility Affordances Influence Employees’ Decisions About Voicing Workplace Concerns:

Employees can provide invaluable input to organizations when they can freely express their opinions at work. Employees, however, may not believe that it is safe or efficacious to voice their concer...
The Effects of Load Stability and Visual Access During Asymmetric Lifting Tasks on Back and Upper Extremity Biomechanical Responses.

Objective:To explore the change of muscular and biomechanical responses in different load stability and visual access conditions during an asymmetric lifting task.Background:Previous studies found ...
Permethrin and ivermectin modulate lipid metabolism in steatosis-induced HepG2 hepatocyte

Recent studies have reported the positive association between exposure to insecticides and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is not known if insecticide exposure can contribute to NAFLD. Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine if insecticide exposures can exacerbate the physiological conditions of NAFLD by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism. The effects of 12 insecticides on triglycerides (TG) accumulation were tested using palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 hepatoma steatosis model. Results showed that among tested insecticides, permethrin and ivermectin significant interacted with palmitic acid to potentiate (permethrin) or decrease (ivermectin) TG accumulation. Further study showed that permethrin significantly promoted fatty acid synthesis, while suppressed lipid oxidation-related genes only under steatosis conditions. In comparison, ivermectin inhibited lipogenesis-related genes and promoted farnesoid X receptor, which upregulates fatty acid oxidation. Results in this study suggested that hepatic lipid metabolism may be more susceptible to insecticide exposure in the presence of excessive fatty acids, which can be associated with the development of NAFLD.
The Ethics of Dealing with Internet Scams Targeting Vermont Lawyers

Vermont lawyers can avoid being taken in by a scam by performing the due diligence expected of every professional relationship formed. In fact, the New York City Bar has determined that each lawyer’s duty to provide competent legal representation — expressed in Rule 1.1 of the Vermont Rules of Professional Conduct — “includes a duty to exercise reasonable diligence in identifying and avoiding common Internet-based scams, particularly where those scams can harm other existing clients.” Apart from the general duty to provide competent legal representation, specific ethical considerations can arise in two separate instances: (1) to the prospective client (who may not actually be a scammer) when an attorney spots what she thinks is a scam; and (2) to the firm’s other clients when an attorney falls victim to a scam.
Economic hardship, family relationships, and adolescent distress

97 INTRODUCTION 98 METHOD 122 RESULTS 136 DISCUSSION 160 REFERENCES 179 GENERAL SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS 192 REFERENCES 205 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 207 APPENDIX A: CORRESPONDENCE 208 APPENDIX B: FIGURES FOR SECTION II AND III 211 APPENDIX C: TABLES FOR SECTION III 224
Current Issues in Financial Regulation, and the Return of the Political Economy

Since our previous Essay on the current issues in financial regulation, which we issued in March of this year (Nugee and Sven, 2011), the pace of regulatory and legislative activity has continued and increased. A more comprehensive picture of the future regulatory landscape for financial markets has started to emerge. The new EU-wide regulatory bodies, that were set up at the start of the year,1 have become more established and are beginning to drive their agendas forward, while in the United States, construction and implementation of the various rules specified in the Dodd-Frank Act continues.2 At both global and national levels, the banking and financial system is responding to regulatory requirements to raise more capital to ensure compliance with tighter supervisory regimes. This activity is far from complete. The task that the authorities have set for themselves is ambitious in the extreme; the program of rewriting financial legislation already looks to be even more comprehensive than the only comparable re-regulation exercise the financial world has previously experienced, vis-a-vis, that conducted in the 1930s after the 1929 Wall Street Crash and 1933 Great Depression. But already it is possible to discern the general trend of future financial regulation, and the driving impetuses behind it. This Article, therefore, takes the opportunity to step back from a blow-by-blow account of the various changes and enhancements to regulation to consider the broader picture. And in doing so, we observe not just a change in the scale and scope of financial regulation, but underneath that a fundamental change in the attitude of governments toward markets and finance itself.
The Nature of the Problem

The immune system can be viewed as a device that plays sentry over a continuous onslaught of stimuli and negotiates with each appropriately for the preservation of the organism. As a receptor, processor, and interpreter of information, this organ system is rivaled by none in sophistication and sensitivity save possibly the nervous system.
Concomitant Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis and Seronegative Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis in a Newly Diagnosed Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patient.

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients and may be due to bacteria, virus, protozoa, or fungi. Toxoplasmosis is a common cause...
Modulation of plasma and urine metabolome in colorectal cancer survivors consuming rice bran

Rice bran has bioactive phytochemicals with cancer protective actions that involve metabolism by the host and the gut microbiome. Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and the increased incidence is largely attributed to poor dietary patterns, including low daily fiber intake. A dietary intervention trial was performed to investigate the impact of rice bran consumption on the plasma and urine metabolome of CRC survivors. Nineteen CRC survivors participated in a randomized-controlled trial that included consumption of heat-stabilized rice bran (30 g/day) or a control diet without rice bran for 4 weeks. A fasting plasma and first void of the morning urine sample were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). After 4 weeks of either rice bran or control diets, 12 plasma and 16 urine metabolites were significantly different between the groups (p≤0.05). Rice bran intake increased relative abundance of plasma mannose (1.373-fold) and beta-citrylglutamate (BCG) (1.593-fold), as well as increased urine N-formylphenylalanine (2.191-fold) and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (4.488-fold). Diet affected metabolites, such as benzoate, mannose, eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3) (EPA), and N-formylphenylalanine have been previously reported for cancer protection and were identified from the rice bran food metabolome. Nutritional metabolome changes following increased consumption of whole grains such as rice bran warrants continued investigation for colon cancer control and prevention attributes as dietary biomarkers for positive effects are needed to reduce high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence.
Biobanking and cryopreservation of human lung explants for omic analysis.

Recent advances in high throughput omic technologies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the molecular basis of complex lung diseases. In particular, with the advent of next generation sequencing, transcriptomic studies with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) have yielded important insights into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1, 2]. However, most studies to date have been performed on whole lung tissue, such that many unique cell type-specific gene expression signatures—particularly those of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), which play a key role in COPD and IPF—may have been diluted, if not missed altogether. Single-cell RNA-seq is rapidly gaining momentum as a strategy to profile individual cells [3, 4], but sequencing depth is typically much lower and cost much higher than that of bulk RNA-seq.
Promoting intercultural competence in a globalized era: Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of practices that promote intercultural competency

0 0 1 137 785 University of Wyoming 6 1 921 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE The teaching force in the United States of America (U.S.) is still predominantly white and monolingual. Yet, the U.S. population is rapidly becoming culturally and ethnically diverse. As a result, white teachers have expressed doubt in their efficacy in teaching students whose cultures are different than theirs (Helfrich & Bean, 2011). The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore practices that pre-service teachers find meaningful in promoting intercultural competence. Participating pre-service teachers (n=92) were exposed to instructional practices that explored global and intercultural education content in a variety of ways. Data that were collected through surveys, interviews and reflections showed that the participants found the use of children’s literature with a global focus, international service learning, threaded discussions, and reflections helpful in teaching to intercultural competency.
A Novel Ion Pseudo-trapping Phenomenon within Traveling Wave Ion Guides.

The widespread use of traveling wave ion mobility (TWIM) technology in fields such as omics and structural biology motivates efforts to deepen our understanding of ion transport within such devices...
Utility of Artificial Intelligence Tool as a Prospective Radiology Peer Reviewer - Detection of Unreported Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Rationale and Objectives Misdiagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) can adversely impact patient outcomes. The increasing workload on the radiologists may increase the chance of error and compromise the quality of care provided by the radiologists. Materials and Methods We used an FDA approved artificial intelligence (AI) solution based on a convolutional neural network to assess the prevalence of ICH in scans, which were reported as negative for ICH. We retrospectively applied the AI solution to all consecutive noncontrast computed tomography (CT) head scans performed at eight imaging sites affiliated to our institution. Results In the 6565 noncontrast CT head scans, which met the inclusion criteria, 5585 scans were reported to have no ICH (“negative-by-report” cases). We applied AI solution to these “negative-by-report” cases. AI solution suggested there were ICH in 28 of these scans (“negative-by-report” and “positive-by-AI solution”). After consensus review by three neuroradiologists, 16 of these scans were found to have ICH, which was not reported (missed diagnosis by radiologists), with a false-negative rate of radiologists for ICH detection at 1.6%. Most commonly missed ICH was overlying the cerebral convexity and in the parafalcine regions. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that an AI solution can help radiologists to diagnose ICH and thus decrease the error rate. AI solution can serve as a prospective peer review tool for non-contrast head CT scans to identify ICH and thus minimize false negatives.
Rescue Echocardiography/Ultrasonography in the Management of Combined Cardiac Surgical and Medical Patients in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

Objectives Rescue point-of-care ultrasound (r-POCUS) in critical care medicine has revolutionized the management of critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability. However, clinical studies on its use among high-risk cardiac patients still are limited. The authors aimed to assess the utility of r-POCUS for managing high-risk cardiac patients in a mixed cardiac-surgical and cardiac-medical intensive care unit (ICU) in a quaternary care hospital by reviewing the indications and findings of r-POCUS and subsequent effect on patient management. Design Retrospective observational study. Design Single institution, quaternary care hospital. Participants The study comprised 189 consecutive r-POCUS examinations performed in a cardiac medical and surgical ICU. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results r-POCUS was performed on 141 patients. Common indications for r-POCUS included hypotension (n = 93 [49%]), assessment of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and ventricular assist devices (n = 33 [17%]), arrhythmias (n = 13 [7%]), abnormal pulmonary artery catheter values (n = 11 [6%]), and ischemic electrocardiogram changes (n = 10 [5%]). Cardiac pathology was positive in 129 (68%) of the rescue examinations. Common reported pathologies included left ventricular dysfunction (n = 47 [25%]), right ventricular dysfunction (n = 52 [28%]), hypervolemia (n = 13 [7%]), hypovolemia (n = 25 [13%]), pericardial effusion/tamponade (n = 21 [11%]), and ECMO/ventricular assist device cannula malposition (n = 9 [5%]). Seventy-five percent of the rescue examinations resulted in medical and surgical interventions, including fluid resuscitation (n = 25 [13%]), diuresis (n = 14 [7%]), ionotropic support (n = 23 [12%]), surgical intervention in the operating room (n = 21 [11%]), surgical intervention at the bedside (n = 8 [4%]), ECMO initiation (n = 15 [8%]), and ECMO/ventricular assist device cannula/setting adjustment (n = 12 [6%]). Conclusion In this retrospective study, r-POCUS performed by attending intensivists resulted in diverse findings and was associated with rapid changes in clinical management of patients in a high-acuity, mixed cardiac-surgical and cardiac-medical ICU.
82 – Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Publisher Summary The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal syndrome of hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic instability, and mental status derangement. It is an idiosyncratic reaction to drugs that alter the dopaminergic pathways of the central nervous system (CNS). This chapter describes the clinical features, associated medications and risk factors, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The potential symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be grouped into four general areas—namely, hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, mental status changes, and autonomic dysfunction. Phenothiazine, thiothixene, and butyrophenones are the agents most commonly implicated in causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The differential diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome includes other syndromes with hyperthermia as a prominent feature, fever complicating Parkinson's disease (PD) or other extrapyramidal syndromes, and lethal catatonia. Common infectious and metabolic disorders must be ruled out before making the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Therapy with dopamine (DA) agonists—such as bromocriptine—reduces the recovery time of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Early diagnoses resulting in prompt supportive measures in combination with drug therapy have significantly reduced the mortality from neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Obesity as a Predictor of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation.

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of including obesity with parameters of the I-TRACH scale in predicting the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.Setting...
SATConda: SAT to SAT-Hard Clause Translator

Logic obfuscation emerged as an efficient solution to strengthen the security of integrated circuits (ICs) from multiple threats including reverse engineering and intellectual property (IP) theft. Emergence of Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) attacks and its variants have shown to circumvent the security mechanisms such as obfuscation and a plethora of its variants. A plethora of advanced security defenses to thwart the SAT attacks are introduced. Despite the effectiveness, the imposed overheads in terms of area and power are unacceptably high. In contrast, our current work focuses on devising an iterative, dynamic and intelligent SAT-hard clause generator for a given SAT-prone problem, termed as SATConda. The SATConda is a SAT-hard clause generator that utilizes a bipartite propagation based neural network model. The utilized model comprises multiple layers of artificial neural networks to extract the dependencies of literals and variables, followed by long short term memory (LSTM) networks to validate the SAT hardness. The SATConda is trained with conjunctive normal form (CNF) of the IC netlist that are both SAT solvable and SAT-hard. Further, the SATConda is equipped with a SAT-clause generator to convert a CNF from satisfiable (SAT) to unsatisfiable (unSAT) with minor perturbation (which translates to minor overheads) so that the SAT-attack cannot decrypt the keys. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has been reported on neural network based SAT-hard clause or CNF translator for circuit obfuscation. We evaluate our proposed SATConda's empirical performance against MiniSAT, Lingeling and Glucose SAT solvers on ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits.
Engineering breast cancer models in vitro with 3D bioprinting

Abstract Human tissues are exquisitely organized across a daunting span of length-scales. In breast cancer, tumor cells dismantle and reprogram this multiscale tissue organization to drive disease progression and evade therapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), tissue mechanics, and dimensionality play commanding roles in tumor organization. Consequently, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have emerged as versatile platforms for deconstructing cancer biology. However, in vitro models remain inadequate to reproduce the heterogeneous spatial relationships that underlie tumor behavior. 3D bioprinting is emerging as a powerful strategy for reconstructing tissue organization from the top-down. It may hold the potential to unify the tunability of in vitro culture with the tissue-level fidelity of in vivo models. In this chapter, we develop a broad overview of the history, progress, and challenges of 3D in vitro models of breast cancer: from pioneering studies with decellularized ECMs, to the design of synthetic ECMs inspired by nature, and to the latest progress in 3D bioprinting tissue models. As we illustrate, 3D in vitro models have unveiled a window into the intricate design rules for engineered tumor microenvironments, and biomaterials engineers have compiled a versatile arsenal of molecular tools to confront these complexities. Many of these advancements have been translated to bioprinting techniques, which continue to improve in cell viability, throughput, and spatial resolution, thereby yielding directed assembly of multicellular structures that have yet to be realized from traditional approaches. Unfortunately, many biomaterials still lack the full ensemble of biophysical features of the native tumor ECM, and the ability to orthogonally tune such features remains a formidable challenge. For bioprinting, significant challenges remain ahead for producing structures that mimic tissue-level functions, such as perfusable tumor vascularization, which are essential to bridging in vitro therapy models with in vivo realities. If these challenges are overcome, bioprinting 3D breast cancer models may yield unprecedented opportunities for discovery platforms that mirror human biology and exploit the flexibility of in vitro models.
Assessment of burnout prevention and wellness programs for US-based neurosurgical faculty and residents: a systematic review of the literature.

Objective Neurosurgeon burnout is a serious and prevalent issue that has been shown to impact professionalism, physician health, and patient outcomes. Interventions targeting physician burnout primarily focus on improving physician wellness. Many academic neurosurgery programs have established wellness curricula to combat burnout and improve wellness. No official recommendations exist for establishing a wellness program that effectively targets sources of burnout. The aim of this review was to examine measures of burnout and report objective results of wellness interventions for neurosurgical faculty and residents. Methods Two systematic literature reviews were performed in parallel, in accordance with PRISMA 2009 guidelines. Following removal of duplicates, a query of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Ovid, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases yielded 134 resident-related articles and 208 faculty-related articles for abstract screening. After abstract screening, 17 articles with a primary focus of resident wellness and 10 with a focus on faculty wellness met criteria for full-text screening. Of the total 27 screened articles, 9 (6 resident, 2 faculty, 1 both resident and faculty) met criteria and were included in the final analysis. Article quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for cohort studies. Results Included studies reported burnout rates for neurosurgery residents of 30%-67%. Work-life imbalance, imbalance of duties, inadequate operative exposure, and hostile faculty were contributors to burnout. The 2 included studies reported burnout rates for neurosurgery faculty members of 27% and 56.7%. Psychosocial stressors, relational stressors, and financial uncertainty were generally associated with increased feelings of burnout. Of the 4 studies reporting on outcomes of wellness initiatives included in this review, 3 reported a positive impact of the wellness interventions and 1 study reported no significant improvement after implementing a wellness initiative. Conclusions Burnout among neurosurgical faculty and residents is prevalent and permeates the daily lives of neurosurgeons, negatively affecting patient outcomes, career satisfaction, and quality of life. Many neurosurgery programs have instituted wellness programs to combat burnout, but few have published evidence of improvement after implementation. While studies have shown that residents and faculty recognize the importance of wellness and look favorably on such initiatives, very few studies have reported objective outcomes.
Hydrodynamic computations of high-power laser drives generating metal ejecta jets from surface grooves

Understanding dynamic fragmentation in shock-loaded metals and predicting properties of the resulting ejecta are of considerable importance for both basic and applied science. The nature of material ejection has been shown to change drastically when the free surface melts on compression or release. In this work, we present hydrodynamic simulations of laser-driven microjetting from micron-scale grooves on a tin surface. We study microjet formation across a range of shock strengths from drives that leave the target solid after release to drives that induce shock melting in the target. The shock-state particle velocity ( U p) varies from 0.3 to 3 km/s and the shock breakout pressure is 3–120 GPa. The microjet tip velocity is 1–8 km/s and the free-surface velocity varies from 0.1 to 5 km/s. Two tin equations of state are examined: a “soft” model (LEOS 501) where the target melts for U p > 1 km/s and a more detailed multiphase model (SESAME 2161) that melts for U p > 1.4 km/s. We use these two models to examine the influence of phase change and the choice of the material model on microjet formation and evolution. We observe in our computational results that jet formation can be classified into three regimes: a low-energy regime where material strength affects jet formation, a moderate-energy regime dominated by the changing phase of tin material, and a high-energy regime where results are insensitive to the material model and jet formation is described by an idealized steady-jet theory. Using an ensemble of 2D simulations, we show that these trends hold across a wide range of drive energies and groove angles.
A Web-Based Interactive Patient-Provider Software Platform Does Not Increase Patient Satisfaction or Decrease Hospital Resource Utilization in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patients in a Single Large Hospital System

Abstract Background Web-based platforms used to enhance patient-provider communication are being explored to improve patient satisfaction and care delivery, and decrease cost. This study tested a web-based interactive patient-provider software platform (IPSP), JointCOACH, which enabled patient communication with their care team and preparatory/recovery guidance. The aims of this study are to compare (1) patient satisfaction and (2) healthcare resource utilization by patients who underwent total knee and hip replacements and added IPSP to standard of care (SOC). Methods This study is a prospective, randomized clinical trial at a single large academic healthcare system. Between May 2018 and March 2020, 399 patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty were randomized to SOC arm (n = 204) or SOC + IPSP arm (n = 195). Patient demographics, surgical details, and comorbidities were collected. Patient satisfaction was assessed using Visual Analog Scale and the Picker Patient Experience-15. Healthcare utilization was measured using length of stay, emergency department and office visits, office calls, readmissions, and reoperations at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Results No difference was found in length of stay between SOC and SOC + IPSP. No differences were found in 30-day or 90-day satisfaction or in healthcare resource utilization (P > .05) including number of office and emergency department visits, phone calls, and readmissions. Conclusion Statistical differences were not found in satisfaction and healthcare utilization with the addition of IPSP to SOC. IPSP can be used to reinforce patient education and communication between the patient and provider, and should be evaluated as an element of virtual care rather than supplementing traditional in-office follow-up. Clinicaltrials.gov More information on this study can be found at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03499028.
Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Lower Huron Shale as a Heterogeneous Material

Understanding mechanical properties of organic rich shale is crucial for successful exploration and long-term production of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. Due to the organic matter and clay minerals interlaced with other silicate minerals, shale can be studied as a heterogeneous material. In this work, the average mineral compositions and elastic mechanical properties were first characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and atomic force microscopy. Uniaxial compression and triaxial compression tests were then conducted on core-scale Lower Huron Shale samples. Numerical models were constructed to extract mechanical properties from both uniaxial compression and triaxial compression experiments. Next, homogeneous, mineral-based, and Weibull distribution-based numerical models were developed to investigate the influence of the mineral heterogeneity and shale hydration effect on the strength and deformation behavior of shale rocks. The homogeneous models have higher compressive and tensile strengths as well as mechanical properties than heterogeneous models. Compared to homogeneous models, when the shale rock is simulated with heterogeneous models, a transformation from brittle to ductile in stress–strain responses and that from simple modes to complex modes in failure mechanisms are observed. It is also demonstrated that the mineral property distribution and shale hydration effect have a larger influence on the triaxial compression strength. Furthermore, simulation studies suggest that numerical models accounting for the heterogeneity of shale can improve the accuracy of the mechanical property characterization. The outcome of this research will benefit the understanding of the Lower Huron Shale mechanical properties, which has significant implications to the successful development of shale reservoirs.
A commentary on strategic extraction.

BACKGROUND Advancements in strategies to maintain compromised teeth combined with a greater understanding of risks associated with dental implants invite a reassessment of the benefits of strategic extraction of a tooth with a questionable prognosis or of limited strategic value. METHODS Evidence of the management of compromised teeth and decision making for strategic extraction was reviewed. Additionally, the risks for peri-implantitis were evaluated from the perspective of patient centric, biologic, and biomechanical complications. RESULTS Recent clinical innovations support a more predictable maintenance of compromised dentition, and the clinical literature provides evidence of the risks associated with dental implants. CONCLUSIONS Because of the improvements in dental management of compromised dentition, strategic extraction should be deferred, whenever possible, to avoid complications associated with peri-implantitis.
How to Make Replicated Data Secure

Many distributed systems manage some form of long-lived data, such as files or data bases. The performance and fault-tolerance of such systems may be enhanced if the repositories for the data are physically distributed. Nevertheless, distribution makes security more difficult, since it may be difficult to ensure that each repository is physically secure, particularly if the number of repositories is large. This paper proposes new techniques for ensuring the security of long-lived, physically distributed data. These techniques adapt replication protocols for fault-tolerance to the more demanding requirements of security. For a given threshold value, one set of protocols ensures that an adversary cannot ascertain the state of a data object by observing the contents of fewer than a threshold of repositories. These protocols are cheap; the message traffic needed to tolerate a given number of compromised repositories is only slightly more than the message traffic needed to tolerate the same number of failures. A second set of protocols ensures that an object's state cannot be altered by an adversary who can modify the contents of fewer than a threshold of repositories. These protocols are more expensive; to tolerate t-1 compromised repositories, clients executing certain operations must communicate with t-1 additional sites.
Zombies and Originals: How Cultural Theory Informs Stakeholder Management

The question of stakeholder salience has recently resurfaced in the suggestion that the ethical foundations of corporate cultures result in stakeholder cultures that largely explain how firms allocate resources among stakeholders. The present article seeks to complement this novel approach to understanding stakeholder management by adding insights from the multilevel influences that create the corporate culture in the first place, and ultimately affect managers in their stakeholder decisions. This article draws on cultural theory to examine how the individuals who compose firms present group and grid solidarity that results in cultural biases in the corporate culture. These cultural biases—individualism, hierarchy, fatalism, and egalitarianism—are then paired with the stakeholder cultures they enable, and inferences are extracted concerning the salience managers are likely to accord to various classes of stakeholders as a result. Future research and managerial implications stemming from this new view on stakeholder management conclude this article.
Insulin receptor substrate chico acts with the transcription factor FOXO to extend Drosophila lifespan

Although extensively studied in Caenorhabditis elegans, no work has yet demonstrated for Drosophila melanogaster whether reduced insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) requires the FOXO transcription factor (foxo) to extend lifespan. Here, we conduct genetic epistasis analysis to determine whether foxo is required for chico mutants (insulin receptor substrate) to reduce age-specific mortality and thus extend lifespan. The mutant chico(1) allele strongly extends lifespan relative to wild-type sibs. A mutant of foxo eliminates most of this chico survival benefit. In addition, we used a factorial proportional hazard analysis to formally study the main effects of chico and of foxo and to determine how these genes interact to influence mortality. We document that foxo indeed contributes to how chico increases lifespan, but part of the convergence in survival between chico genotypes in the foxo-mutant background may occur because chico mutation exacerbates the negative effects of foxo mutation.
Bearing Witness: Maoism as Religion

The role of foreign witnesses in describing exceptional historical events can contribute to the way those events unfold. Three examples serve to illustrate this: Edgar Snow, Anna Louise Strong and Agnes Smedley. At the start of the Chinese communist revolution each of these commentators offered personal testimony to and validation of what became a political myth and was elevated to the status of a state political religion with Mao the central figure. This paper discusses the differences between political religion and religion tout court. It suggests that the former is more ephemeral while the latter is more capable of self-replenishment, leading to the ritualization of the first in the exercise of state power. It also deals with the question of socialism as proto-religion and the problems posed by its disappearance.
Separation of cardiac myosin heavy chains by gradient SDS-PAGE

Separation of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains (MHCs) in cardiac ventricles of rats by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was accomplished and compared...
A practical approach to strengthen vulnerable downlinks using superposition coding

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to improve the packet delivery efficiency on a vulnerable downlink (e.g., from a transmitter to a far-away receiver) using superposition coding, a multiuser transmission scheme that forgoes orthogonal transmission and deliberately introduces interference among signals at the transmitter. On a softwareradio platform that uses off-the-shelf point-to-point channel codes, we show that a transmitter serving multiple links can use simple two-user superposition codes to dramatically improve (compared to time division multiplexing) the packet delivery efficiency on its most vulnerable links. Interestingly, our results suggest that superposing signals of far-away users on to those of high-traffic users yields the maximum benefits — implying that the degrees-of-freedom gain in doing so can more than compensate for the increased interference from signal superposition.
The Impact of Genomics on Oncology Nursing

Since 2003, genetics and genomics information has led to exciting new diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment options in oncology practice. Profiling of cancers offers providers insight into treatment and prognostic factors. Germline testing provides an individual with information for surveillance or therapy that may help them prevent cancer in their lifetime and options for family members as yet untouched by malignancy. This offers a challenge for oncology nurses and other oncology health care providers to become comfortable with incorporating education about genetics/genomics into their clinical practice and patient education.
Attentional capture by singletons is contingent on top-down control settings: Evidence from electrophysiological measures

The present study examined whether the capture of spatial attention is driven by stimulus salience (e.g., object uniqueness) or by a match to current attentional control settings (contingent capture). We measured the N2pc effect, a component of the event-related brain potential thought to reflect lateralized attentional allocation. On every trial, a noninformative cue display containing a colour singleton box was followed by a target display of letters. Participants searched for a target letter in a specified colour (in Experiments 1–3) or within a specified shape (in Experiment 4) while ignoring other stimuli. The key manipulation was whether the singleton cue contained the target-defining feature (e.g., a specific colour). Experiment 1 revealed signs of attention capture—a cue validity effect and an N2pc effect—only for singleton cues that contained the target-defining feature. This pattern persisted even when we increased the salience of the singleton box (Experiments 2 and 3). Irrelevant colour single...
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation Mitigates Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome in Mice

Background Nuclear accidents and terrorism presents a serious threat for mass casualty. While bone-marrow transplantation might mitigate hematopoietic syndrome, currently there are no approved medical countermeasures to alleviate radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (RIGS), resulting from direct cytocidal effects on intestinal stem cells (ISC) and crypt stromal cells. We examined whether bone marrow-derived adherent stromal cell transplantation (BMSCT) could restitute irradiated intestinal stem cells niche and mitigate radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome.
In The Belgian Château: The Spirit and Culture of a European Society in an Age of Change

in the Belgian Château: The Spirit and Culture of a European Society in an Age of Change. Reee C. Fox. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1994. xii + 339 pp., photos, Index.
Assembly of focal adhesions: progress, paradigms, and portents

Receptor-mediated assembly of an adhesion plaque occurs through an ordered series of steps, and intermediate assemblies can be identified. The recent demonstration of some of these partial reactions in permeabilized cells predicts that cell-free reconstitution of adhesion plaque assembly is an attainable goal. Newly discovered cryptic actin-binding sites in vinculin and ezrin, two proteins recruited to adhesion sites, suggest that actin-binding proteins are targets for the signals generated by adhesion receptors.
Comment on "Vortex Velocity Distributions at Large Downstream Distances"

yawhead probe to give flow total pressure and angularity, is a common one and is quite accurate provided the local static pressures are known. However, it is apparent that Logan, as many before him, has assumed that static pressure is a constant through the vortex and has used this assumption to compute his component velocities. This rather common assumption is an intuitively erroneous one and has contributed greatly to the lack of understanding of trailing vortex structures that has existed over the years.
Surface modeling and parameterization with manifolds: Siggraph 2006 course notes (Author presenation videos are available from the citation page)

Many diverse applications in different areas of computer graphics, including geometric modeling, rendering and animation, require dealing with sets which cannot be easily represented with a single function on a simple domain in a Euclidean space: Examples include surfaces of nontrivial topology, environment maps, reflection/transmission functions, light fields, configuration spaces of animation skeletons, and others. In most cases these objects are described as collections of functions defined on multiple simple domains, with the functions satisfying various constraints (e.g., join smoothly). The unified mathematical view of many such structures is provided by the theory of smooth manifolds. While the concept is standard in mathematics, it is not broadly known in the graphics community and is often perceived as an impractical and complex abstraction. The goal of this half-day course is to present the basic concepts and definitions of manifold theory, demonstrate their computational nature and close connection to applications, and survey a variety of computer graphics applications in which manifolds appear, with a focus on modeling of surfaces and functions on surfaces.
Responsible Leadership Helps Retain Talent in India

The role of responsible leadership—for each leader and as part of a leader’s collective actions—is essential to global competitive success (Doh and Stumpf, Handbook on responsible leadership and governance in global business, 2005; Maak and Pless, Responsible leadership, 2006a. Failures in leadership have stimulated interest in understanding “responsible leadership” by researchers and practitioners. Research on responsible leadership draws on stakeholder theory, with employees viewed as a primary stakeholder for the responsible organization (Donaldson and Preston, Acad Manag Rev 20(1):65–91, 1995; Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach, 1984; Mitchell et al., Acad Manag Rev 22:853–886, 1997; Phillips and Freeman, Stakeholder theory and organizational ethics, 2003. We define and operationalize responsible leadership from the perspective of employees and their views of the actions of their leaders. Drawing on a comprehensive survey of 28 Indian and global organizations operating in India, we report the results from 4,352 employees on the relationship between responsible leadership, their pride in and satisfaction with their organization, and retention 1 year later. Strong associations were found among these variables suggesting that responsible leadership—employee perceptions of the support they receive from managers, the HR practices, and corporate socially responsible actions—may be an overarching construct that connects them to the organization.
Democracy and Islam: Implications for Civilizational Conflict and the Democratic Peace

The extent to which democracy and Islam are mutually exclusive is tested empirically with implications for civilizational conflict and the democratic peace. Three measures of democracy are used: a political rights index, an index of liberal democracy, and a measure based on institutionalization. Environmental variables such as sea borders and rainfall that minimize external threat to democratic systems are found to predict better to the more rudimentary political rights index, while cultural variables, including Islam in a negative direction, are more clearly associated with liberal democracy. The measure of democratic institutionalization behaves in a manner intermediate between the two. Divergence of the structures of explanation for these measures suggests that conclusions concerning the likelihood of war between democracies can depend on the specific index of democracy employed. The absence of a significant negative association between Islam and the political rights index under controlled conditions suggests that the probability of civilizational conflict is low.
Assessing teachers' development of a constructivist view of mathematics learning☆

Abstract SummerMath for Teachers, an inservice program which combined coursework with ongoing support in the classroom, was designed to stimulate teachers' development of a constructivist view of learning to serve as a basis for mathematics instruction. While almost all teachers adopted new classroom techniques, project researchers were particularly concerned about the impact of the program on the epistemological perspectives that informed teachers' instructional decision making. This paper describes the development of an assessment tool used to evaluate program effectiveness along this latter dimension.
MATERNAL ANTIBODIES MODULATE INFANT SERUM IgG RESPONSE TO PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES † 1347

MATERNAL ANTIBODIES MODULATE INFANT SERUM IgG RESPONSE TO PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES † 1347
Relevance of genotype and its environmental counterpart to the theory, interpretation, and nomenclature of ability measures

Abstract While the constructs of aplitude and achievement, which are here defined as genotypic and environmental constructs, are potentially useful in psychological theory and in the development of predictors and weights for predictors, the use of these terms for psychological tests is highly misleading. When used for tests, the terms lead to invalid inferences concerning the constructs and to erroneous predictions of later criteria. All psychological tests measure current performance levels which are phenotypic characteristics. Practically all such tests can be used to estimate both genotypic and environmental constructs with nonzero accuracy. The basic error is to use a term which denotes a genetic or an environmental construct for a phenotypic measure. Implications of this position for inferences concerning group differences in aptitude and for construct validity of tests are briefly discussed.
Ovarian development, pheromone production, and mating in the eye gnat, Hippelates collusor

Abstract Mating in female eye gnats is correlated with the degree of ovarian development which is utilized as a physiological age indicator. Mating occurred in females having egg development of stages 6 to 9. Females at stage 7 mated more frequently than females at the other stages of ovarian development when the males were given a choice of different aged females. Live females with ovaries in stages 6 to 9 produced a sex attractant and females at stage 10 produced a repellent. Females with stages 2 to 4 ovaries did not attract males. Ether extracts from females with stages 6 to 9 ovaries attracted males, extracts from females with mature eggs repelled males, and extracts from females with stage 2 ovaries did not attract males. Attractancy was only detectable in laboratory olfactometer tests. Field tests on female extracts did not attract males in the field. The sex attractant produced by female eye gnats probably acts as a sex recognition scent.
Electron-microscopic observations of the interference patterns from crystal lattices.

Evidence is presented to show that some striated images of suitably oriented single crystals of the dyes indanthrene scarlet R and olive T and of the phthalocyanine pigments are not direct crystal-lattice images but are images of interference patterns in object space. These result from the crystals behaving primarily as phase gratings. The patterns exhibit considerable fine structure as a function of the distance away from the object and the molecular plane spacing for any wavelength. These patterns may be predicted to a first approximation by combining interference fringes assumed to originate at or between the properly oriented molecular planes.
Optimal regulation under fixed rules for income distribution

Abstract It is by now well known that if arbitrary lump sum transfers are feasible, then the optimal regulation of firms involves marginal cost pricing. Here, we consider optimal regulation in an economy in which lump sum taxation is possible but the income distribution is, in some sense, fixed. We show that under certain conditions, production efficiency and marginal cost pricing are desirable. In general, however, this need not be the case. In an economy with increasing returns, it is possible that the second best utility possibility frontier is strictly dominated by the Pareto frontier and none of the marginal cost pricing equilibria lie on the second best frontier.