cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Archaeological data suggest broader early historic distribution for blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus, Actinopterygii, Catostomidae) in New Mexico

Zooarchaeological data are increasingly important for establishing late Holocene conservation baselines for species of concern. The blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus) is experiencing range reduction and is endangered in the State of New Mexico. The early historic (ca. AD 1540) distribution of blue sucker is poorly understood, and the extent of habitat loss is unclear. In 1961, two blue sucker skeletal elements were recovered from a late prehistoric/early historic archaeological site in northern New Mexico called Rainbow House (LA 217). Those remains suggest that the past range of blue sucker was larger; however, since that publication, little consideration has been given to the past presence of this species in the Upper Rio Grande. New zooarchaeological data from a site in northern New Mexico called Ponsipa (LA 297) have revealed the presence of multiple blue sucker skeletal elements. Additionally, a review of site reports and regional archaeological journal publications increased the abundance of blue sucker elements found at Rainbow House and added three archaeological sites where blue sucker has been reported in the region. Collectively, this information suggests a broader pre-impoundment distribution for blue sucker than previously recognized and can help establish a new baseline for their conservation or restoration in New Mexico.
Efficient Hessian Calculations using Automatic Differentiation and the Adjoint Method

In this paper an efficient general algorithm to calculate the Hessian of a steady or unsteady functional of interest in the context of computational fluid dynamics is outlined, validated and applied to an aerodynamic optimization and to an extrapolation example. The successful extrapolation is then applied to approximate Monte Carlo simulations for artificial geometric uncertainty analysis. The presented optimization examples demonstrate that the combination of automatic differentiation and an adjoint method to calculate the Hessian of a steady or unsteady objective function, and thereby obtaining second order information, can be an efficient tool for optimization and uncertainty quantification.
A Review of “From Gentleman's Club to Professional Body: The Evolution of the History Department in the United States, 1940–1980”: Palmer, William, Lexington, KY: BookSurge, 326 pp., $18.99, ISBN 978-1-4392-1048-2, Publication Date: December 2008

If I restricted my evaluation of this delightful book to the words between its opening and closing lines, my review would be dull, because it would contain little more than words of praise. When I ...
Development and validation of Triarchic construct scales from the psychopathic personality inventory

The Triarchic model of psychopathy describes this complex condition in terms of distinct phenotypic components of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Brief self-report scales designed specifically to index these psychopathy facets have thus far demonstrated promising construct validity. The present study sought to develop and validate scales for assessing facets of the Triarchic model using items from a well-validated existing measure of psychopathy-the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). A consensus-rating approach was used to identify PPI items relevant to each Triarchic facet, and the convergent and discriminant validity of the resulting PPI-based Triarchic scales were evaluated in relation to multiple criterion variables (i.e., other psychopathy inventories, antisocial personality disorder features, personality traits, psychosocial functioning) in offender and nonoffender samples. The PPI-based Triarchic scales showed good internal consistency and related to criterion variables in ways consistent with predictions based on the Triarchic model. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy.
Relationship of Predatory and Injurious Insects in Cotton Fields In the Salt River Valley Area of Arizona

A study of the importance of easily seen predators was conducted on cotton during 1958-1960 in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. The abundance of such predators as Geocoris, Orius, Collops, lacewings, plant spiders, damsel bugs, assassin bugs, and lady beetles was determined during the cotton-growing season. At the same time population records were taken of lygus bugs and such destructive lepidopterous larvae as salt-marsh caterpillars ( Estigmene acrea (Drury)) and cotton leaf perforators (Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck). The predator complex did not bring severe lygus bug infestations below nondestructive levels. In the presence of high predatory insect populations present on August 1, severe infestations of either salt-marsh caterpillars or cotton leaf perforators developed in 10 of the 16 cotton fields studied.
Do dentists make poor leaders

Dentists work, largely, alone (apart from subordinates) with little feedback from colleagues and other health professionals. The author of this article argues that dentists do not lead, they manage. Moreover, dentists face unique challenges in becoming effective leaders because many innate skills that help dentists excel in their profession are in conflict with good leadership. The purpose of this article is to stir debate and raise the awareness that dentists do not, innately, have strong leadership skills and must pursue formal training in leadership to succeed in the modern era of collaborative healthcare.
Abstract B92: The effectiveness of a prostate cancer handout for African American men

The purpose of this study is to explore consumer reaction to a revised handout previously created for African American men (UF IRB02 Protocol #2013-U-0757) in order to prepare for widespread publishing and distribution. The population of interest in this particular study is African American men as they are the most at risk for prostate cancer. African American men between the ages of 20 and 70 will be given patient education materials on prostate cancer prepared for men with lower literacy levels. After being given time to review the materials, they will participate in an interview to determine how well they understood the information in the patient education materials. Their feedback will guarantee the development of appropriate material to provide to the African American male community; and inform the general population on how members of a special/minority population feel about the primary cancer found in men, prostate cancer. Citation Format: DeCoria McCauley, Mary Ellen Young, Nancy Hardt. The effectiveness of a prostate cancer handout for African American men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B92.
Animal Companions and Military Veterans: How Dogs Can Help America’s Heroes

The effects of Western socialization on gender role norms and men’s psychological development, self-concept, and behaviors have been well documented. Specifically, traits such as dominance, stoicism, independence, physical prowess, and emotional restriction are heavily emphasized in the United States, and become internalized and valued among men.
Reducing electricity price volatility via stochastic storage control

Electricity price volatility has been a significant concern for several market participants, including suppliers and load-serving entities, because risks imposed by price volatility increase uncertainty in their revenues. A large penetration of variable wind and solar generation is expected to further amplify price fluctuations. To reduce electricity price volatility, we propose a stochastic optimal control method for energy storage, which has three major advantages. First, the proposed dynamic programming approach optimally shifts energy over time and space (via transmission lines) by fully utilizing the distributional information of uncertain net demand. Second, the suggested storage operation by the System Operator does not interfere with currently used optimal economic dispatch rule in real-time markets and, hence, it is compatible with conventional electricity risk management tools. Third, the results of our numerical experiment show that only a small number of storage devices, which contribute little to saving generation costs, can considerably reduce price volatility. These results suggest that energy storage is particularly useful in mitigating price variations and that its value will stand underestimated if we neglect its utility in reducing price volatility.
Use of Löwdin orthogonalised Fermi orbitals for self-interaction corrections in an iron porphyrin

A new approach for formulating the self-interaction correction, referred to as the Fermi-Lowdin orbital-based self-interaction correction (FLO-SIC), is briefly reviewed and applied to the Fe(II)-po...
Of the body and the hands: patterned iconicity for semantic categories*

This paper examines how gesturers and signers use their bodies to express concepts such as instrumentality and humanness. Comparing across eight sign languages (American, Japanese, German, Israeli, and Kenyan Sign Languages, Ha Noi Sign Language of Vietnam, Central Taurus Sign Language of Turkey, and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language of Israel) and the gestures of American non-signers, we find recurring patterns for naming entities in three semantic categories (tools, animals, and fruits & vegetables). These recurring patterns are captured in a classification system that identifies iconic strategies based on how the body is used together with the hands. Across all groups, tools are named with manipulation forms, where the head and torso represent those of a human agent. Animals tend to be identified with personification forms, where the body serves as a map for a comparable non-human body. Fruits & vegetables tend to be identified with object forms, where the hands act independently from the rest of the body to represent static features of the referent. We argue that these iconic patterns are rooted in using the body for communication, and provide a basis for understanding how meaningful communication emerges quickly in gesture and persists in emergent and established sign languages.
Prevention of base excision repair by TRC102 (methoxyamine) potentiates the antitumor activity of pemetrexed in vitro and in vivo.

A292 Purpose: TRC102 (methoxyamine) reverses resistance to alkylating agents by inhibiting base excision repair (BER; a mechanism of DNA repair), thereby increasing DNA strand breaks and potentiating the antitumor activity of alkylating agents without additional toxicity. TRC102 is currently being studied in a Phase 1 trial in combination with the alkylating agent temozolomide. We hypothesized that nucleotide imbalances caused by the anti-folate pemetrexed would also produce apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites recognized and repaired by BER, and that inhibition of BER by TRC102 would therefore improve the antitumor activity of pemetrexed. Methods: Pemetrexed-induced AP sites and BER inhibition were quantified using an AP site assay in vitro . DNA strand breaks were quantified by the Comet assay in vitro . Apoptosis was quantified by Annexin V staining and antitumor activity was assessed in an in vivo xenograft study of subcutaneously implanted human lung, colorectal and breast cancer cells. Results: AP sites increased proportionally with dose in pemetrexed-treated H460 lung cancer cells in vitro . TRC102 reduced the number of available AP sites in pemetrexed-treated cells (by 60-80%), indicating successful inhibition of BER. Pemetrexed and TRC102 treatment increased DNA strand breaks (2 fold increase versus treatment with pemetrexed alone) and apoptosis. TRC102 increased the activity of pemetrexed in vivo (tumor growth delay of 2 days in mice bearing H460 lung cancer xenografts treated with 150mg/m 2 pemetrexed alone versus 9 days in mice treated with 150mg/m 2 pemetrexed + 4mg/m 2 TRC102; p in vivo systemic toxicity was not increased and TRC102 alone had no effect in vitro or in vivo . TRC102 also increased pemetrexed activity on HCT116 colorectal and H468 breast cancer xenografts. Moreover, the combination selectively up-regulated the BER proteins, uracil DNA glycosylase and polymerase β, which provides strong evidence that DNA damage caused by the combination of TRC102 and pemetrexed induces BER. Conclusion: TRC102 effectively inhibits BER in cancer cells treated with pemetrexed. Inhibition of BER by TRC102 results in an increase in DNA strand breaks and apoptosis, and improved antitumor activity versus treatment with pemetrexed alone. Given its preclinical safety and efficacy profile, a clinical study of TRC102 combined with pemetrexed is planned.
Unregulated bus operation of server-to-virtual bus differential power processing for data centers

Series-stacking and differential power processing techniques have been proposed for data center power delivery applications in order to drastically increase power conversion efficiency in the server racks. Although above 99% system-level efficiency is achieved in the recent literature for steady-state and hot-swapped operation of the series-stacked servers, reported works required a well-regulated dc bus which may not be compatible with battery backup systems. This paper presents a control method and associated hardware which achieves unregulated bus operation of the series-stacked server power delivery architecture for data centers. The experimental results demonstrate 99.4% system-level power conversion efficiency on a four-server testbed that is energized by a decaying dc bus, verifying the proposed control ideal.
Comparing Effects of Container Treatments on Nursery Production and Field Establishment of Trees with Different Root Systems

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of container volume, container shape, and copper-coating containers on root and shoot growth during nursery production and after establishment in the field. Liners of ficus (Ficus retusa L. ‘Nitida’), a fibrous-rooted species, and Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.), a coarse-rooted species, were grown in regular or tall #1 containers in a glasshouse and were subsequently transplanted to the field or into #3 or #5 regular or tall containers. During the nursery phase, copper-coated containers improved rootball quality of ficus and pepper, but biomass production was not affected consistenly by copper coating. Tall, narrow versus regular containers restricted pepper growth throughout the nursery phase and field establishment, but had little effect on ficus. Biomass production of pepper trees was greatest in regular-shaped containers, and tall containers reduced growth consistently. Container shape did not affect shoot growth o...
CP Nonconservation without Elementary Scalar Fields

Dynamically broken gauge theories of electroweak interactions provide a natural mechanism for generating CP nonconservation. Even if all vacuum angles are unobservable, strong CP nonconservation is not automatically avoided. In the absence of strong CP nonconservation, the neutron electric dipole moment is expected to be of order 10^-24e·cm.
A New Black Carbon Sensor for Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks.

Low-cost air pollution sensors are emerging and increasingly being deployed in densely distributed wireless networks that provide more spatial resolution than is typical in traditional monitoring of ambient air quality. However, a low-cost option to measure black carbon (BC)—a major component of particulate matter pollution associated with adverse human health risks—is missing. This paper presents a new BC sensor designed to fill this gap, the Aerosol Black Carbon Detector (ABCD), which incorporates a compact weatherproof enclosure, solar-powered rechargeable battery, and cellular communication to enable long-term, remote operation. This paper also demonstrates a data processing methodology that reduces the ABCD’s sensitivity to ambient temperature fluctuations, and therefore improves measurement performance in unconditioned operating environments (e.g., outdoors). A fleet of over 100 ABCDs was operated outdoors in collocation with a commercial BC instrument (Magee Scientific, Model AE33) housed inside a regulatory air quality monitoring station. The measurement performance of the 105 ABCDs is comparable to the AE33. The fleet-average precision and accuracy, expressed in terms of mean absolute percentage error, are 9.2 ± 0.8% (relative to the fleet average data) and 24.6 ± 0.9% (relative to the AE33 data), respectively (fleet-average ± 90% confidence interval).
Concluding Remarks: A Perspective on Envisioning Bisexuality as Inclusive, Celebratory, and Liberatory

By the time you reach the final pages of a book about bisexuality, you might notice a pattern. From every angle you study bisexuality, it is absent, marginalized, and/or erased. Whether you read about identity labels, mental health, history, and relationships, you see that bisexuality is delegitimized and stereotyped. You may have gotten a sense of how difficult it is to gain a clear picture of bisexuality due to distortions, conflicting definitions, aggregated data, and faulty measurement.
Evaluating the potential for site-specific modification of LiDAR DEM derivatives to improve environmental planning-scale wetland identification using Random Forest classification

Abstract Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide many ecological benefits, and their quality and presence are protected by federal regulations. These regulations require wetland delineations, which can be costly and time-consuming to perform. Computer models can assist in this process, but lack the accuracy necessary for environmental planning-scale wetland identification. In this study, the potential for improvement of wetland identification models through modification of digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives, derived from high-resolution and increasingly available light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, at a scale necessary for small-scale wetland delineations is evaluated. A novel approach of flow convergence modelling is presented where Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), curvature, and Cartographic Depth-to-Water index (DTW), are modified to better distinguish wetland from upland areas, combined with ancillary soil data, and used in a Random Forest classification. This approach is applied to four study sites in Virginia, implemented as an ArcGIS model. The model resulted in significant improvement in average wetland accuracy compared to the commonly used National Wetland Inventory (84.9% vs. 32.1%), at the expense of a moderately lower average non-wetland accuracy (85.6% vs. 98.0%) and average overall accuracy (85.6% vs. 92.0%). From this, we concluded that modifying TWI, curvature, and DTW provides more robust wetland and non-wetland signatures to the models by improving accuracy rates compared to classifications using the original indices. The resulting ArcGIS model is a general tool able to modify these local LiDAR DEM derivatives based on site characteristics to identify wetlands at a high resolution.
A Predictor-Based Model Reference Adaptive Controller for Time-Delay Systems

This paper presents novel modifications to a predictor-based model reference adaptive controller (PMRAC) to compensate for input delays in uncertain nonlinear systems. A delay-dependent stability condition, derived using a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, indicates that there exists a time delay margin, below which the asymptotic stability of the tracking and estimation errors as well as the input-to-state stability of the closed-loop system are guaranteed. Numerical experiments are carried out with comparisons to the original PMRAC and to a finite spectrum assignment scheme to validate the theoretical claims. The results also illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed delay compensation formulation and the asymptotic behaviors of the tracking and estimation errors.
Molecular Replacement Method

The term molecular replacement encompasses a variety of techniques designed to utilize the occurrence of a molecule, molecular subunit, or molecular fragment in more than one crystallographic environment for the purpose of phase refinement. The limited size of nature’s building blocks and the necessity of their aggregation into molecules with closed point symmetries (Crick and Watson, 1956; Monod et al., 1965) provide the basis of the subject and its application to macromolecules. For example, a particular compound may be induced to crystallize in different forms, or a given molecule might be composed of several identical subunits.
“And of his owene thought he wax al reed”: Chaucerotics and the Poetics of Prostitution in The Shipman’s Tale

Chapter 6 focuses on the Chauceroticism in The Shipman’s Tale, an audacious story of lies, deceit, and adultery. Due to its persistent linguistic innuendo, the tale offers an especially keen test case for Chaucer’s use of the “cloak of language” in his bawdy verse. It also presents the “poetics of prostitution,” an economically charged erotics that is appropriate for a text that commodifies sex literally and figuratively. Gust shows that the tale is fundamentally different than Chaucer’s previous fabliaux, as it presents salacious games wherein everybody wins in the end, and no one gets hurt in the process. In this tale, the poet refuses to condemn the sexual misdeeds at hand and, instead, invites the reader to enjoy the pleasures of the characters’ illicit sexual transactions.
Interleukin-27 as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for bacterial infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Background Immunocompromised pediatric patients constitute a growing population that is particularly vulnerable to bacterial infection, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment. This study assessed the utility of interleukin-27 (IL-27) and procalcitonin (PCT) as biomarkers of bacterial infection among immunocompromised pediatric subjects. Methods This is a single-center prospective cohort study conducted from July 2016 through September 2017, drawing subjects from the inpatient units at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), a large, tertiary care children's hospital. Patients were included if they fit the definition of immunocompromised and were under clinical suspicion for infection, defined by the acquisition of a blood culture at any point during the admission. The primary analysis assessed the accuracy of IL-27 to diagnose bacterial infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients, using PCT as a comparator. Results 293 patients were recruited, representing 400 episodes of suspected bacterial infection. The median age was 7.8 years (IQR 3.1-13.8 years). Fifty-three percent (n = 213) of the population had a primary oncologic diagnosis, 24% (n = 95) had received a bone marrow transplant, and 21% (n = 85) had received a solid organ transplant. The overall infection rate was 37%, with 70% of those patients having some form of culture positivity. Twenty-eight-day mortality was 5%, 60-day mortality was 9%, with 87% of patients surviving to hospital discharge. The AUC's of the ROC curve to diagnose bacterial infection were 0.62 (0.5-0.68) for IL-27 and 0.65 (0.6-0.73) for PCT. Using the previously determined cutoff of 5.0 ng/mL, the specificity of IL-27 to diagnose bacterial infection reached 94%, with a negative predictive value of 64%. Conclusions Despite prior work demonstrating IL-27 and PCT as possible biomarkers of bacterial infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients, we were unable to validate these findings. This illustrates the challenges associated with developing reliable biomarkers of bacterial infection in this vulnerable population.
Ab Initio Calculations of Transport Coefficients

There are two main philosophies behind theoretical calculations. The one illustrated in Chap. 9 is to use models of physical phenomenon, specifically mathematical models, that can be solved exactly, either analytically or by numerical methods. Such models often involve adjustable parameters whose values are fit by comparing model results to experimental values; once the parameters are determined, the models are then used to make similar calculations for other situations, ones that were not part of the set used to determine the parameters. The philosophy illustrated in this chapter is to start from our best theories and, as necessary, make approximations to reduce the equations to forms that are practical to solve, again either analytically or numerically. The hope is that, with time, the approximations will improve such that the calculated values match experimental results without using adjustable parameters.
The Effectiveness of Couples Therapy Based on the Gottman Method Among Iranian Couples With Conflicts: A Quasi-Experimental Study

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of couple therapy based on the Gottman method in decreasing emotional divorce and improving verbal-nonverbal communication skills among Iranian couples...
Identification of point defects using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy

Although there are many techniques that can detect bandgap states associated with point defects in the lattice, it is not routinely possible to determine the type of defect at submicron spatial resolution. Here we show that high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope can locate and identify point defects with a resolution of about 10 nm in a wide-bandgap BAlN semiconductor. B interstitials, N vacancies, as well as other point defects have been experimentally detected using EELS and have been identified using density functional theory.
Women and rural industrialization: Garment production reaches old land and new labor in Bangladesh

Abstract After the collapse of the Rana Plaza garment factories in 2013, international attention turned toward the conditions of garment production in Bangladesh. What occurred next was a shift in the regulatory environment with increased brand oversight and corporate-driven efforts to improve factories. In order to compete amid new regulations, some factories are relocating to rural industrial estates established decades ago. This article presents the social and economic context at one rural estate where a garment factory opened after the Rana Plaza tragedy. Interviews conducted with garment workers and people who live near the factory demonstrate the gendered constraints on women's labor and the experiences of women driven to seek factory work. The article also describes the garment factory itself, which operates in a new building on an old industrial estate. This factory is an early adopter in a national political shift toward rural industrialization, making observations there an important contribution to our understanding of what may be coming.
Ferroelectric Polymers Exhibiting Negative Longitudinal Piezoelectric Coefficient: Progress and Prospects

Piezoelectric polymers are well-recognized to hold great promise for a wide range of flexible, wearable, and biocompatible applications. Among the known piezoelectric polymers, ferroelectric polymers represented by poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) possess the best piezoelectric coefficients. However, the physical origin of negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients occurring in the polymers remains elusive. To address this long-standing challenge, several theoretical models proposed over the past decades, which are controversial in nature, have been revisited and reviewed. It is concluded that negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients arise from the negative longitudinal electrostriction in the crystalline domain of the polymers, independent of amorphous and crystalline-amorphous interfacial regions. The crystalline origin of piezoelectricity offers unprecedented opportunities to improve electromechanical properties of polymers via structural engineering, i.e., design of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectric polymers.
The Oral-Lung Axis: The Impact of Oral Health on Lung Health

Poor oral health has long been recognized as a clinical risk factor for developing lung infections. Recent data using culture-independent techniques assessing the microbiome in healthy subjects have demonstrated that chronic microaspiration establishes a very similar microbial community between the mouth and lung, suggesting these 2 anatomic regions are closely intertwined. Dental disease is driven and aided by a dysbiosis in the oral microbiome, and evidence is mounting that implicates the microbiome in a variety of lung diseases including asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia. This review describes common dental conditions and potential mechanisms by which poor oral health may contribute to lung disease. We also review the current literature drawing associations between poor oral health and lung disease.
Triangle and Four Cycle Counting in the Data Stream Model

The problem of estimating the number of cycles in a graph is one of the most widely studied graph problems in the data stream model. Three relevant variants of the data stream model include: the arbitrary order model in which the stream consists of the edges of the graph in arbitrary order, the random order model in which the edges are randomly permuted, and the adjacency list order model in which all edges incident to the same vertex appear consecutively. In this paper, we focus on the problem of triangle and four-cycle counting in these models. We improve over the state-of-the-art results as follows, where n is the number of vertices, m is the number of edges and T is the number of triangles/four-cycles in the graph (i.e., the quantity being estimated): Random Order Model: We present a single-pass algorithm that (1+e)-approximates the number of triangles using ~O(e-2 m/√T) space and prove that this is optimal in the range T ≤ √m. The best previous result, a (3+e)-approximation using ~O(e-4.5 m/√T) space, was presented by Cormode and Jowhari~(Theor. Comput. Sci. 2017). Adjacency List Model: We present an algorithm that returns a (1+e)-approximation of the number of 4-cycles using two passes and ~O(e-4 m/√T) space. The best previous result, a constant approximation using ~O(m/T3/8) space, was presented by Kallaugher et al. (PODS~2019). We also show that (1+e)-approximation in a single pass is possible in a) polylog(n) space if T=Ω(n2) and b) ~O(n) space if T=Ω(n). Arbitrary Order Model: We present a three-pass algorithm that (1+e)-approximates the number of 4-cycles using ~O(e-2 m/T1/4) space and a one-pass algorithm that uses ~O(e-2 n) space when T=Ω(n2). The best existing result, a (1+e)-approximation using ~O(e-2 m2/T) space, was presented by Bera and Chakrabarti (STACS~2017). We also show a multi-pass lower bound and another algorithm for distinguishing graphs with no four cycles and graphs with many 4-cycles.
Application of post-selection inference to multi-omics data yields insights into the etiologies of human diseases

Abstract To correct for a large number of hypothesis tests, most researchers rely on simple multiple testing corrections. Yet, new methodologies of post-selection inference could potentially improve power while retaining statistical guarantees, especially those that enable exploration of test statistics using auxiliary information (covariates) to weight hypothesis tests for association. We explore one such method, adaptive p-value thresholding (Lei & Fithian 2018) (AdaPT), in the framework of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression/coexpression studies, with particular emphasis on schizophrenia (SCZ). Selected SCZ GWAS association p-values play the role of the primary data for AdaPT; SNPs are selected because they are gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). This natural pairing of SNPs and genes allow us to map the following covariate values to these pairs: independent GWAS statistics from genetically-correlated bipolar disorder, the effect size of SNP genotypes on gene expression, and gene-gene coexpression, captured by subnetwork (module) membership. In all 24 covariates per SNP/gene pair were included in the AdaPT analysis using flexible gradient boosted trees. We demonstrate a substantial increase in power to detect SCZ associations and it is especially apparent using gene expression information from the developing human prefontal cortex (Werling et al. 2019), as compared to adult tissue samples from the GTEx Consortium. We interpret these results in light of recent theories about the polygenic nature of SCZ. Importantly, our entire process for identifying enrichment and creating features with independent complementary data sources can be implemented in many different high-throughput settings to ultimately improve power.
Deep Generative Analysis for Task-Based Functional MRI Experiments

Abstract While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains one of the most widespread and important methods in basic and clinical neuroscience, the data it produces—time series of brain volumes—continue to pose daunting analysis challenges. The current standard (“mass univariate”) approach involves constructing a matrix of task regressors, fitting a separate general linear model at each volume pixel (“voxel”), computing test statistics for each model, and correcting for false positives post hoc using bootstrap or other resampling methods. Despite its simplicity, this approach has enjoyed great success over the last two decades due to: 1) its ability to produce effect maps highlighting brain regions whose activity significantly correlates with a given variable of interest; and 2) its modeling of experimental effects as separable and thus easily interpretable. However, this approach suffers from several well-known drawbacks, namely: inaccurate assumptions of linearity and noise Gaussianity; a limited ability to capture individual effects and variability; and difficulties in performing proper statistical testing secondary to independently fitting voxels. In this work, we adopt a different approach, modeling entire volumes directly in a manner that increases model flexibility while preserving interpretability. Specifically, we use a generalized additive model (GAM) in which the effects of each regressor remain separable, the product of a spatial map produced by a variational autoencoder and a (potentially nonlinear) gain modeled by a covariate-specific Gaussian Process. The result is a model that yields group-level effect maps comparable or superior to the ones obtained with standard fMRI analysis software while also producing single-subject effect maps capturing individual differences. This suggests that generative models with a decomposable structure might offer a more flexible alternative for the analysis of task-based fMRI data.
Incorporating Fault-Tolerance Awareness into System-Level Modeling and Simulation

Designing High Performance Computing (HPC) systems involves exploring large design spaces composed of many hardware and software options to meet system objectives. Various modeling and simulation (MODSIM) techniques help design space exploration (DSE) by providing a low-cost way to predict system metrics before building. Larger and more heterogeneous systems created to meet higher system objectives lead to an increase in system fault rates, which negatively affects performance and other system objectives. Therefore, systems employ various fault-tolerance (FT) techniques, such as checkpoint restart (C/R), to mitigate these negative effects. However, because FT techniques incur some degree of overhead, it is important to include the effects of faults and fault-tolerance in modeling and simulation.
Overcategories and undercategories of cofibrantly generated model categories

Let $$\mathcal {M}$$ be a model category and let Z be an object of $$\mathcal {M}$$ . We show that if $$\mathcal {M}$$ is cofibrantly generated, cellular, left proper, or right proper, then both the model category of objects of $$\mathcal {M}$$ over Z and the model category of objects of $$\mathcal {M}$$ under Z are as well.
ARP2/3- and resection-coupled genome reorganization facilitates translocations

DNA end-resection and nuclear actin-based movements orchestrate clustering of double-strand breaks (DSBs) into homology-directed repair (HDR) domains. Here, we analyze how actin nucleation by ARP2/3 affects damage-dependent and -independent 3D genome reorganization and facilitates pathologic repair. We observe that DNA damage, followed by ARP2/3-dependent establishment of repair domains enhances local chromatin insulation at a set of damage-proximal boundaries and affects compartment organization genome-wide. Nuclear actin polymerization also promotes interactions between DSBs, which in turn facilitates aberrant intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. Notably, BRCA1 deficiency, which decreases end-resection, DSB mobility, and subsequent HDR, nearly abrogates recurrent translocations between AsiSI DSBs. In contrast, loss of functional BRCA1 yields unique translocations genome-wide, reflecting a critical role in preventing spontaneous genome instability and subsequent rearrangements. Our work establishes that the assembly of DSB repair domains is coordinated with multiscale alterations in genome architecture that enable HDR despite increased risk of translocations with pathologic potential.
Ideal regeneration with electromechanical Brake Booster (eBKV) in Volkswagen e-up! and Porsche 918 Spyder

In the recent years alternative drive technologies have been become increasingly important. The price increase of petroleum based fuel in the past few years has given rise to various research and development efforts for energy conservation. However, reduced fuel consumption and therefore operating cost and reduced gaseous emissions including primarily carbon dioxide (hence global warming) are the major driving forces behind considerations of sub systems like electromechanical brake booster (eBKV) [1,2,3]. The future viability of electrical powertrains is greatly dependant on their range and battery storage capacity. Electric vehicles will achieve ranges that are sufficient for everyday use only with efficient batteries, intelligent energy management and especially the recovery of braking energy. When a conventional vehicle applies its brakes, kinetic energy is converted to heat by friction between the brake pads and wheels. This heat is carried away into the environment and the energy is effectively wasted. The total amount of energy lost in this way depends on how often, how hard and for how long the brakes are applied. Hybrid and electric vehicles with regenerative braking system are different in that. They recover kinetic energy via the electric motor and store it as electrical energy. This process is known as regenerative braking. This method makes it possible to increase the range of electric vehicles and reduce the CO2 emission.
SU-E-I-71: Quality Assessment of Surrogate Metrics in Multi-Atlas-Based Image Segmentation

Purpose: With the ever-growing data of heterogeneous quality, relevance assessment of atlases becomes increasingly critical for multi-atlas-based image segmentation. However, there is no universally recognized best relevance metric and even a standard to compare amongst candidates remains elusive. This study, for the first time, designs a quantification to assess relevance metrics’ quality, based on a novel perspective of the metric as surrogate for inferring the inaccessible oracle geometric agreement. Methods: We first develop an inference model to relate surrogate metrics in image space to the underlying oracle relevance metric in segmentation label space, with a monotonically non-decreasing function subject to random perturbations. Subsequently, we investigate model parameters to reveal key contributing factors to surrogates’ ability in prognosticating the oracle relevance value, for the specific task of atlas selection. Finally, we design an effective contract-to-noise ratio (eCNR) to quantify surrogates’ quality based on insights from these analyses and empirical observations. Results: The inference model was specialized to a linear function with normally distributed perturbations, with surrogate metric exemplified by several widely-used image similarity metrics, i.e., MSD/NCC/(N)MI. Surrogates’ behaviors in selecting the most relevant atlases were assessed under varying eCNR, showing that surrogates with high eCNR dominated those with low eCNR inmore » retaining the most relevant atlases. In an end-to-end validation, NCC/(N)MI with eCNR of 0.12 compared to MSD with eCNR of 0.10 resulted in statistically better segmentation with mean DSC of about 0.85 and the first and third quartiles of (0.83, 0.89), compared to MSD with mean DSC of 0.84 and the first and third quartiles of (0.81, 0.89). Conclusion: The designed eCNR is capable of characterizing surrogate metrics’ quality in prognosticating the oracle relevance value. It has been demonstrated to be correlated with the performance of relevant atlas selection and ultimate label fusion.« less
Contracts without Consent: Exploring a New Basis for Contractual Liability

This Essay explores an alternative to one of the pillars of contract law, that obligations arise only when there is “mutual assent”—when the parties reach consensus over the terms of the transaction. It explores a principle of “no-retraction,” under which each party is obligated to terms it manifested and can retract only with some liability. In contrast to the all-or-nothing nature of the mutual assent regime, where preliminary forms of consent are either full-blown contracts or create no obligation, under the no-retraction regime, obligations emerge gradually, as the positions of the negotiating parties draw closer. Further, the no-retraction liability regime can be coupled with different damage measures to advance various social goals, including optimal reliance. The theory is applied to areas of contract formation that have produced inconsistent jurisprudence, such as precontractual liability and misunderstandings, and resolves them in a simple and unified fashion. Finally, the analysis provides a fresh understanding of the obligation to negotiate in good faith and explores a new criterion for gap-filling in incomplete contracts.
Exercise as a Calorie Restriction Mimetic: Implications for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity

Calorie restriction (CR) is the only paradigm that has consistently increased lifespan in a wide variety of model organisms. Many hypotheses have been proposed as the underlying mechanism, including a reduction in body size and adiposity, which is commonly observed in calorie-restricted animals. This has led to investigations as to whether similar changes in body composition produced by increasing energy expenditure via exercise can replace or enhance the benefits of reducing energy intake. The goal of this chapter is to review and discuss the evidence regarding exercise as a CR mimetic for healthy aging and longevity. In rodents, the data clearly show that exercise, regardless of body weight changes, can improve health and survival, but unlike CR, fails to extend lifespan. In humans, short-term weight loss studies show that exercise and CR produce similar improvements in disease risk factors and biomarkers of aging, while some parameters clearly benefit more with exercise. Epidemiologic evidence in humans supports exercise as a strategy to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality, but not to extend lifespan. It is unknown whether CR can extend human lifespan, but the metabolic profile of humans engaged in long-term CR shares many similarities with calorie restricted rodents and nonhuman primates. In conclusion, like CR, exercise can limit weight gain and adiposity, but only CR can extend lifespan. Therefore, in rodents, the ability of CR to slow aging is apparently more dependent on decreasing nutrient flux, rather than changes in energy balance and body composition.
An Incentive Approach to Eliciting Probabilities

A decision maker (e. g., the Nuclear Regulatory Commission) seeks an expert’s probabilities for uncertain quantities of interest (e. g., a seismologist’s forecast of earthquakes), and wants the expert’s reward to depend on the accuracy of the predictions. Assume that the expert compares compensation schemes on the basis of the expected utility of the dollar payoffs, and is willing to reveal his utility function for money. A reward is called “proper” if the expert is never encouraged to state probabilities he does not truly believe. It is “strictly proper” if he is, in fact, encouraged to state his beliefs.
Spirituality as a Coping Resource: The Experiences of Professional Black Women

Abstract Qualitative findings from face-to-face interviews of a subset of participants in a large quantitative study are used to explore the perspectives of 10 professional Black women (PBW) regarding their definitions of spirituality and their experiences using this resource to cope with work-related stress. Findings include that many PBW do not differentiate between spirituality and religion and that they utilize spirituality-particularly prayer, meditation, and inspirational readings-to gain personal strength, inner peace, and guidance and to reflect on and reappraise stressful situations in the workplace. Further, many PBW view spirituality as a problem-focused, rather than an emotion-focused, coping strategy. Implications for social work practice and future research are offered.
Topology control for ad hoc networks with directional antennas

Topology control for ad hoc networks aims to increase effective network capacity and conserve energy. Most proposed algorithms assume the use of isotropic antennas and thus only adjust the transmission power of each node. We propose a distributed topology control mechanism for ad hoc networks with directional antennas that adjusts antenna pattern (direction) in addition to transmission power. Simulation studies have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, as well as to investigate its benefits and impacts on application layer performance.
Dietary regulation of glycolytic enzymes: VIII. Effect of diet and oral folate upon folate-metabolizing enzymes in rat jejum

1. 1. The effects of dietary fructose, glucose, casein and fasting and oral folate upon the activity of four enzymes involved in folate metabolism [glutamate formimonotransferase (N-formimino-L-glutamate:tetrahydrofolate 5-formiminotransferase, EC 2.1.2.5), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (L-serine: tetrahydrofolate 5,10-hydroxymethyltransferase, EC 2.1.2.1), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.5) and formyltetra-hydrofolate synthetase (formate;tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP), EC 6.3.4.3)] were studied in the jejenum of rats. 2. 2. Individual sugars (fructose and glucose) have specific carbohydrate effects on glutamate formiminotransferase activity, with the activity being highest in the fructose-fed rats. With the three other enzymes, no differential effect was noted with the two sugars. The activities of three of the enzymes (glutamate formiminotransferase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenese) were highest on the carbohydrate diets, less on the casein diet and least in the fasting state. In contrast, the activities of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase were lowest in the carbohydrate-fed rats and significantly higher in the fasted and caseinfed rats. 3. 3. Oral folate (two different dosages) produced significant increases in the activities of three of the folate-metabolizing enzymes: glutamate formmiminotransferase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. The activity of glutamate formiminotransferase increased with increasing amounts of oral folate, whereas the activities of the other two enzymes were the same on the two levels of oral folate. Oral folate had no significant effect upon the activity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase.