cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meso-diencephalic lesion effects on the duration of septum after-discharges

Abstract Twenty-three adult cats were used to study meso-diencephalic lesion effects on septum seizure durations. In addition to the mean change in seizure duration, the rate of change was studied by establishing the regression line for various lesion groups. The greatest reduction of seizure duration occurred from lesions in the ventral tegmental and mammillary body areas. This was considered to be significant since these areas contain the major pathways of propagation from the septum to the meso-diencephalon. Reduction of seizure duration ensued at a greater rate after the ventral tegmentum lesions. Prolongation of seizures occurred from lesions in the posterolateral hypothalamus and field H of Forel. Since lesions in the mesencephalic reticular system also prolong limbic seizures, it was suggested that these areas normally exert inhibitory influences upon limbic discharges. A mechanism of reciprocal inhibition was proposed for the modulation of septum after-discharge durations.
Distribution and development of short‐wavelength cones differ between Macaca monkey and human fovea

Macaca monkey and humans have three cone types containing either long-wavelength (L), medium-wavelength (M), or short-wavelength (S)-specific opsin. The highest cone density is found in the fovea, which mediates high visual acuity. Most studies agree that the adult human fovea has a small S cone-free area, but data are conflicting concerning S-cone numbers in the adult Macaca monkey fovea, and little evidence exists for how either primate fovea develops its characteristic cone pattern. Single- and double-label in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry have been used to determine the pattern of foveal S cones in both the fetal and adult Macaca and human. Both labels find a clear difference at all ages between monkey and human. Adult humans have a distinct but variable central zone about 100 microm wide that lacks S cones and is surrounded by a ring in which the S-cone density is 8%. This S cone-free zone is detectable at fetal week 15.5 (Fwk15.5), shortly after S opsin is expressed, and is similar to the adult by Fwk20.5. Adult monkey foveas have an overall S-cone foveal density of 10%, with several areas lacking a few S cones that are not coincident with the area of highest cone density. A surrounding zone at 200-microm eccentricity has an S-cone density averaging 25%, but, by 800 microm, this has decreased to 11%. Fetal day 77-135 monkeys all have a distribution and density of foveal S cones similar to adults, although the high-density ring is not obvious in fetal retinas. Estimates of the numbers of S cones missing in the fetal human fovea range from 234 to 328, whereas no more than 40 are missing in the fetal monkey. These results show that, in these two trichromatic primates, S-cone distribution and the developmental mechanisms determining S-cone topography are markedly different from the time that S cones are first detected.
Photon noise limits to the detection of closure phase for interferometric measurements of earth-orbiting satellites

Michelson stellar interferometers with long baselines have been proposed as a means for obtaining high resolution images of space objects. The fringes measured in such interferometers move randomly due to atmospheric turbulence effects. To overcome turbulence effects the fringe phase at any instant is summed around groups of three or more aperture pairs to create the so-called closure phase. For small apertures, the closure phase is insensitive to atmospheric turbulence effects. However, the closure phase is corrupted by photon noise effects. In a recent paper the probability density function of the error in the closure phase estimate due to photon noise was derived as a function of the fringe visibility and light level, and evaluated. In this paper we apply this theoretical result to the practical problem of measuring the closure phases associated with an Earth orbiting satellite.
The influence of co-occurring axis I disorders on treatment utilization and outcome in homeless patients with substance use disorders

Abstract The current study examined the relationship between co-occurring substance use and Axis I psychiatric disorders and treatment utilization and outcome among homeless individuals (N = 365) who participated in an episode of intensive outpatient substance use treatment. Compared to patients without a co-occurring diagnosis, homeless patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or PTSD participated in more substance use treatment. Diagnostic status did not predict 12-month alcohol or drug treatment outcome. Substance use treatment programs appear to successfully engage homeless individuals with major depressive disorder and PTSD in treatment. Such individuals appear to achieve similar benefits from standard substance use treatment as do homeless individuals without such disorders.
Effects of Cr and Ni on interdiffusion and reaction between U and Fe–Cr–Ni alloys

Metallic U-alloy fuel cladded in steel has been examined for high temperature fast reactor technology wherein the fuel cladding chemical interaction is a challenge that requires a fundamental and quantitative understanding. In order to study the fundamental diffusional interactions between U with Fe and the alloying effect of Cr and Ni, solid-to-solid diffusion couples were assembled between pure U and Fe, Fe–15 wt.%Cr or Fe–15 wt.%Cr–15 wt.%Ni alloy, and annealed at high temperature ranging from 580 to 700 °C. The microstructures and concentration profiles that developed from the diffusion anneal were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), respectively. Thick U6Fe and thin UFe2 phases were observed to develop with solubilities: up to 2.5 at.% Ni in U6(Fe,Ni), up to 20 at.%Cr in U(Fe, Cr)2, and up to 7 at.%Cr and 14 at.% Ni in U(Fe, Cr, Ni)2. The interdiffusion and reactions in the U vs. Fe and U vs. Fe–Cr–Ni exhibited a similar temperature dependence, while the U vs. Fe–Cr diffusion couples, without the presence of Ni, yielded greater activation energy for the growth of intermetallic phases – lower growth rate at lower temperature but higher growth rate at higher temperature.
Homeostatic and circadian control of body temperature in the fat-tailed gerbil.

Abstract The interplay of homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity in the control of body temperature was studied in the fat-tailed gerbil ( Pachyuromys duprasi ). In a first study, the body temperature rhythm of 8 gerbils maintained at 24°C under a 14L:10D light-dark cycle was studied by telemetry. Data from 9 other species of small mammals were also obtained for comparison. The gerbils were found to exhibit a robust rhythm of body temperature (the most robust of the 10 species) with a high plateau during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle and a low plateau during the light phase. In a second experiment, 5 gerbils were allowed to select the temperature of their environment by moving along a thermal gradient. The animals consistently selected higher ambient temperatures during the light phase of the light-dark cycle (when their body temperature was at the low plateau). In a third experiment, the metabolic response of 8 gerbils to an acute cold exposure was determined by indirect calorimetry. Greater cold-induced thermogenesis was observed during the light phase. The fact that the animals selected higher ambient temperatures and displayed greater cold-induced thermogenesis when their body temperature was lower contradicts the hypothesis that the body temperature rhythm is caused by a rhythmic oscillation of the thermoregulatory set point.
Rock‐Forming Minerals

Volume 1A is the second of a series of revisions that the authors are preparing from their original five-volume work on rock-forming minerals, which is a standard reference for petrologists and mineralogists. Revision of the original series is necessary because of the explosion of the mineralogical literature, particularly in the specialities of microprobe chemical analysis, electron microscopy, intercrystalline and intracrystalline element distributions, mineral physics and thermodynamics, and phase equilibria. Many of these fields or techniques were only in their infacy when the first edition was prepared 20 years ago. The increase in the published literature has been so great that volume 1A requires 5 times as many pages to deal with one half of the mineral species covered in volume 1 of the first edition. For example, mullite, which was only mentioned briefly in the sillimanite section of the original edition, is now allotted its own 17-page section. Clearly, this second edition supplants the first with regard to scope and quantity of material covered.
Estimating LD50 Using the Probit Technique: A Basic Computer Program

ABSTRACTA program in BASIC which computes LD50 and related parameters is presented. The program is an implementation of Finney's maximum likelihood probit technique. Running the program on a laboratory microcomputer provides rapid, accurate analysis of bioassay data.
Benzene Exposure in the Petroleum Refining Industry

Abstract Benzene exposure data, submitted by nine petroleum refining companies, were studied with the general objective of characterizing the distribution of exposures within work operations and job categories. The data were collected by company hygienists over the period of years between 1978 and 1984. All measurements were of personal exposures determined using charcoal tubes or organic vapor monitors. Of the 123 location and unit specific job groups studied, most eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposures were below 1.0 ppm. For some groups, however, the variability in exposure was such that ten percent or more of exposures exceeded 1.0 ppm. For nineteen of the most highly exposed groups, sufficient data were available to study the variability in exposure associated with individual workers versus the common work environment. Results indicate that there were some cases in which variability in exposure was mostly associated with the environment and others in which it was mostly associated with diff...
Consequences of direct ψ-lepton coupling

In this paper it is shown how the assumption of direct coupling of the recently discovered ~-partieles (i.~) to leptons and quarks can explain the unexpectedly large production of ~i (3.1 GeV) in nucleon-nucleon scattering in terms of the ~ branching ratios observed in the e+e- formation experiments. This result favours the interpretation of ~-particles as weak intermediate bosons rather than as long-lived hadrons (5.7). For the theoretical interpretation of ~ it is at present crucial to study both the e+e formation and the pp production results. For example, if we assume that in both
Cutaneous signals of immune system disease

Abstract The skin reflects many systemic processes. This organ, the largest of the body, has many modes of expression that are readily apparent to both the patient and the physician. Although in many instances the skin is a target of the disease process, in the case of the immune system, recent studies suggest that the skin should be considered an active component of the immune system with the capacity for cell maturation. The skin and the immune system are genetically related. This is revealed by the fact that hairless (nude) animal strains all lack thymuses, and by chromosome mapping studies, which place loci relating to hair growth and genes which control the immune response on the same chromosome. As a major portal of entry for all infectious agents, integrity of the skin and its defense mechanisms is required to prevent ingress of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Failure of the immune system to eliminate infectious agents can be strikingly demonstrated by persistent eczematous, blistering, or granulomatous lesions. Diagnosis of major immunodeficiency states can be made from the appearance of such signs as total alopecia in infants, the telangiectasia of ataxia-telangiectasia, and Kaposi's sarcoma in adults. The immune system has an extraordinary capacity for differentiating between the millions of antigenic stimuli to which it can respond. It also has a variety of methods by which to eliminate infectious agents from the body. All of this capability requires many specialized, clonally-derived cells that work with other cells and molecules in a highly orchestrated manner. This allows for a certain amount of redundancy to provide a number of backup systems. On the other hand, the complexity of the system allows for many sources of error, so definition of the cause of immunodeficiency is difficult. Modern technology has permitted much greater precision in the delineation of immunodeficiency diseases. A few years ago, immunodeficiency was a rare genetic disorder. Two major events have changed this situation. One is the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which in 10 years' time has become a major if not the major health problem of the country. A second cause of immunodeficiency is the widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs for control of transplantation or cancer. Transplantation, particularly of the bone marrow, which is now performed at a rate of thousands per year, also produces immunodeficiency because of the unusual physiology of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The cutaneous manifestations of GVHD are among the most fascinating phenomena of immunopathology. The continued overlap of the disciplines of dermatology and immunology has been a challenge to both laboratory and clinical scientists.
Droplet dispensing and splitting by electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidics

The present study investigates two essential capabilities of electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidics - 1) high precision and consistency in volume of a unit nanodrop dispensed from a reservoir, and 2) reduction of time to dispense and split drops. These capabilities are sought in applications that need tiny but accurate volume of liquid delivery at high flow rate. For this purpose, we mainly focused on geometry of electrodes and developed novel shapes and arrangements of electrodes in electrowetting on dielectric microfluidic device. To dispense liquid droplets in higher volume precision and consistency, a novel reservoir design named TCC reservoir is introduced. To reduce time to dispense a droplet, L-junction is developed. Y-junction is designed to split a droplet into two at the same speed as droplet dispensing speed by the L-junction, and hence increase the number of droplets arrive to the target area (i.e. at high frequency delivery).
Laboratory-scale continuous hydrogenation: Cooper catalysis

Soybean oil was partially hydrogenated with copper catalyst in an isothermal, concurrent, flow type reactor to reduce linolenate content. Reaction proceeded at one atmosphere outlet pressure; the parameters of temperature, catalyst concentration and oil flow rate (residence time) were varied. The reactor was designed to permit sampling at points along its length. Intermediate and final samples were analyzed to give total characterization of the partially hydrogenated oil. Data thus obtained were used to model and simulate the continuous hydrogenation kinetics. Linolenate selectivity is high and variations in reaction parameters appeared to have little effect. Specific isomerization values were increased as catalyst concentration increased but were unaffected by temperature and oil flow rate. Conjugated diene formation went through a maximum as the hydrogenation proceeded. Results of the copper-catalyzed continuous hydrogenations were compared to those of batch hydrogenations using the same reaction parameters.
Missed Opportunities: Psychological Ramifications of Counterfactual Thought in Midlife Women

Counterfactual thinking entails the process of imagining alternatives to reality—what might have been. The present study examines the frequency, content, and emotional and cognitive concomitants of counterfactual thinking about past missed opportunities in midlife women. At age 43, nearly two-thirds of the sample of educated adult women reported having missed certain opportunities at some time in their lives. Most of the counterfactual thoughts concerned missed opportunities for greater challenge in work. Emotional distress at age 33 did not predict later counterfactual thought. Instead, counterfactual thinking at age 43 was associated with concurrent emotional distress. However, acknowledging counterfactual thinking about the past was also associated with envisioning ways to change things for the better in the future. This suggests the possibility that the negative appraisal often entailed in counterfactual thinking may be associated with emotional distress in the short run but with motivational benefits in the long run, at least for middle-aged women.
After the Smoke Clears: Toward Education for Sustainable Development in Bhopal, India.

This article examines approaches to environmental education in Bhopal, India. It is an attempt to understand how much environmental education as a topic has been incorporated into formal curricula. An analysis of state and national syllabi indicates a focus on conventional, natural sciences approaches to the environment, thus neglecting the social science aspects of education for sustainable development across all grade levels. Environmental disasters are given a very general treatment with no contextual link to incidents like the Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984. Social dimensions like environmental citizenship are also minimally mentioned. Finally, the article highlights the large gap between national educational policy frameworks and the actual incorporation of environmental education in state and national textbooks.
Network simulation enhancing network management in real-time

This research investigates the application of network simulation to enhance network management in real-time. Its focus is on ad hoc wireless networks as needed for future public safety emergency response, homeland security, and future combat system networks where the network requirements and topology are rapidly changing. The network simulation is used to analyze user satisfaction with the network and to enable real-time what-if studies that show what the user satisfaction will be if the network is reconfigured in various ways. User satisfaction as a metric is defined to correspond to the impact of the network performance on the ability of the network user to complete their public safety, security or military functions. The current network size of interest is up to ad hoc wireless 500 nodes, a typical target load for a single network manager. At the same time, the approach is made scalable to use manager of managers approach to scale to larger networks. The article reports on the approach and performance results.
Densities of {xCO2 + (1 − x)H2O} with x < 0.014 at supercritical conditions molar volumes, partial molar volumes of CO2 at infinite dilution, and excess molar volumes

Abstract Using an improved vibrating-tube densitometer developed in our laboratory, differences in density between H 2 O and { x CO 2 + (1 − x )H 2 O} for (0.001 x x were measured for each temperature. From the measurements, excess molar volumes and partial molar volumes of CO 2 at infinite dilution were calculated. The partial molar volumes of CO 2 at infinite dilution were very large and positive. Results showed that the mixtures, although dilute, were very non-ideal. These effects were found when the solvent compressiblity was very large in the neighborhood of the solvent critical point. The integral of the indirect pair-correlation function was nearly constant for these measurements and for similar measurements on aqueous argon, xenon, and ethene near the critical point of water.
3D data merging using Holoimage

Three-dimensional data merging is critical for full-field 3-D shape measurement. 3-D range data patches, acquired either from different sensors or from the same sensor in different viewing angles, have to be merged into a single piece to facilitate future data analysis. In this research, we propose a novel method for 3-D data merging using Holoimage. Similar to the 3-D shape measurement system using a phase-shifting method, Holoimage is a phase-shifting-based computer synthesized fringe image. The virtual projector projects the phase-shifted fringe pattern onto the object, the reflected fringe images are rendered on the screen, and the Holoimage is generated by recording the screen. The 3-D information is retrieved from the Holoimage using a phase-shifting method. If two patches of 3-D data with overlapping areas are rendered by OpenGL, the overlapping areas are resolved by the graphics pipeline, i.e., only the front geometry can been visualized. Therefore, the merging is done if the front geometry information can be obtained. Holoimage is to obtain the front geometry by projecting the fringe patterns onto the rendered scene. Unlike real world, the virtual camera and projector can be used as orthogonal projective devices, and the setup of the system can be controlled accurately and easily. Both simulation and experiments demonstrated the success of the proposed method.
A posteriori finite-element output bounds for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: application to a natural convection problem

Abstract We present a new Neumann subproblem a posteriori finite-element procedure for the efficient calculation of rigorous, constant-free, sharp lower and upper bounds for linear and nonlinear functional outputs of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. We first formulate the bound procedure; we derive and discuss a bound error expression; and we then demonstrate the capabilities of the method with numerical results obtained for natural convection problems. We also implement an optimal adaptive refinement strategy based on a local elemental decomposition of the bound gap.
A process, voltage, and temperature compensated CMOS constant current reference

In this paper, a CMOS constant current reference over PVT (process, voltage and temperature) variations is presented. The drain current of a MOS device gives the reference current, which is compensated for process variations by exploiting the physical relationship between K'(/spl mu/C/sub ox/) and V/sub T/ across various process corners. It is also compensated for power supply and temperature variations by a PTAT voltage reference, which aids in the generation of the reference current. In order to prove the proposed concept, simulation results from 0.25 /spl mu/m, 0.18 /spl mu/m, 0.13 /spl mu/m, and 90 nm CMOS processes are presented.
Characterization of the dynamic nature of microglial cells

Abstract Dynamic properties of ramified microglia were investigated in tissue cultures of rat brain cells. Microglia were identified in viable cultures based on previously determined aspects of their morphology and location, and this identification was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining for type-three complement receptors. When living microglial cells were monitored using time-lapse video recording, an extremely dynamic nature was revealed. These cells exhibited morphological alteration, surface and cytoplasmic activity, and migration. All of these properties were both constant and rapid, with individual cells being capable of assuming a completely different overall morphology within a period as short as 5–10 min. These dynamic properties were consistently observed in microglia and appeared specific to this cell type. Thus, ramified microglia appear to possess a unique and highly dynamic nature, and this feature is proposed as a potential marker for these cells. Additionally, the significance of microglial cellular dynamics in the functional role of this cell population in vivo is considered.
Smoking Identities and Behavior: Evidence of Discrepancies, Issues for Measurement and Intervention

Although researchers and health care practitioners tend to use standard categories to classify smokers and nonsmokers, recent research suggests that individual smokers may use a variety of self-def...
Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 2B6 by clopidogrel: involvement of both covalent modification of cysteinyl residue 475 and loss of heme.

We have investigated the mechanisms by which clopidogrel inactivates human cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) in a reconstituted system. It was found that clopidogrel and its thiolactone metabolite, 2-oxo-clopidogrel, both inactivate CYP2B6 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. On the basis of kinact/KI ratios, clopidogrel is approximately 5 times more efficient than 2-oxo-clopidogrel in inactivating CYP2B6. Analysis of the molecular mass of the CYP2B6 wild-type (WT) protein that had been inactivated by either clopidogrel or 2-oxo-clopidogrel showed an increase in the mass of the protein by ∼350 Da. This increase in the protein mass corresponds to the addition of the active metabolite of clopidogrel to CYP2B6. It is noteworthy that this adduct can be cleaved from the protein matrix by incubation with dithiothreitol, confirming that the active metabolite is linked to a cysteinyl residue of CYP2B6 via a disulfide bond. Peptide mapping of tryptic digests of the inactivated CYP2B6 using electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified Cys475 as the site of covalent modification by the active metabolite. This was further confirmed by the observation that mutation of Cys475 to a serine residue eliminates the formation of the protein adduct and prevents the C475S variant from mechanism-based inactivation by 2-oxo-clopidogrel. However, this mutation did not prevent the C475S variant from being inactivated by clopidogrel. Furthermore, inactivation of both CYP2B6 WT and C475S by clopidogrel, but not by 2-oxo-clopidogrel, led to the loss of the heme, which accounts for most of the loss of the catalytic activity. Collectively, these results suggest that clopidogrel inactivates CYP2B6 primarily through destruction of the heme, whereas 2-oxo-clopidogrel inactivates CYP2B6 through covalent modification of Cys475.
Cardiopulmonary fitness and heart rate recovery as predictors of mortality in a referral population.

Background Exercise testing provides valuable information in addition to ST-segment changes. The present study evaluated the associations among exercise test parameters and all-cause mortality in a referral population. Methods and Results We examined conventional cardiovascular risk factors and exercise test parameters in 6546 individuals (mean age 49 years, 58% men) with no known cardiovascular disease who were referred to our clinic for exercise stress testing between 1993 and 2003. The association of exercise parameters with mortality was assessed during a follow-up of 8.1±3.7 years. A total of 285 patients died during the follow-up period. Adjusting for age and sex, the variables associated with mortality were: smoking, diabetes, functional aerobic capacity (FAC), heart rate recovery (HRR), chronotropic incompetence, and angina during the exercise. Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, serum total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) and other exercise variables in a multivariable model, the only exercise parameters independently associated with mortality were lower FAC (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 10% decrease in FAC, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.29; P <0.001), and abnormal HRR, defined as failure to decrease heart rate by 12 beats at 1 minute recovery (adjusted HR per 1-beat decrease, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.07; P <0.001). The additive effects of FAC and HRR on mortality were also highly significant when considered as categorical variables. Conclusion In this cohort of patients with no known cardiovascular disease who were referred for exercise electrocardiography, FAC and HRR were independently associated with all-cause mortality.
Long-term Fertility Control in Female Cats With GonaCon™, a GnRH Immunocontraceptive

The uncontrolled reproduction of free-roaming feral cats contributes to overpopulation and associated concerns regarding their welfare and impact on public health and the environment. Nonsurgical fertility control that could be administered to feral cats in the field would be a powerful tool for cat population control. The objective was to test the efficacy and duration of activity of a single-dose GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon™) on the fertility of adult female laboratory cats. Vaccinated cats (n 15) received a single injection of vaccine containing a GnRH-KLH conjugate (200 g) emulsified in a mycobacterial and oil adjuvant on study Day 0. Sham-treated cats (n 5) received a single injection containing all vaccine components except the GnRH-KLH conjugate. A breeding trial started on study Day 120. Vaccinated cats had a longer time to conception (median 39.7 mo) compared to sham-treated cats (4.4 mo; P 0.001). A total of 93% of vaccinated cats remained infertile for the first year following vaccination, whereas 73, 53, and 40% were infertile for 2, 3, and 4 y, respectively. At study termination (5 y after a single GnRH vaccine was administered), four cats (27%) remained infertile. The GnRH antibody titers declined more rapidly in short-term responding cats with 2 y of infertility (n 4), compared to long-term responding cats that experienced fertility control for 2y( n 11) (P 0.05). Non-painful but persistent late-onset granulomatous injection site masses appeared 2 y after initial vaccination in five cats. We concluded that GnRH immunocontraception is an ideal candidate for further development for feral cat control.
Diffusion at finite speed and random walks

Diffusion, which occurs with infinite speed, results from a random walk with steps of finite speed. We resolve this paradox and derive a modified diffusion equation with finite speed.
Self-reported cognitive impairment in patients with cancer.

Purpose Cancer patients often report cognitive impairment, manifested as problems with concentration and memory, following cancer therapy. As part of a large multicenter survey of cancer patients undergoing treatment, we investigated the frequency and severity of self-reported problems with memory and concentration over time. Methods A total of 595 patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors self-rated problems with memory and concentration, using an 11-point Likert scale (0 = “not present” to 10 = “as bad as you can imagine”) at baseline before treatment began (T1), at their worst during treatment (T2), and at 6 months following treatment (T3). Any symptom level ≥ 7 was classified as “severe.” Paired or independent t tests (as appropriate) with a Bonferroni correction were used to examine differences in symptoms over time and between patients treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Results Concentration problems were reported by 48% of the 595 participants at T1 (5% severe), 67% at T2 (...
The Effects of AACSB Accreditation on Faculty Salaries and Productivity

The authors explored differences between salaries and productivity of business faculty in Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB)-accredited business programs and those without AACSB accreditation. Empirical evidence is scarce regarding these differences, yet understanding the impact of AACSB accreditation on salaries and productivity is important when university administrators assess the costs and benefits of AACSB accreditation. The authors found that faculty in accredited business schools are paid more, publish more, and teach less than their peers at nonaccredited schools. These differences exist between faculty who are otherwise similar, and are not simply due to nonrandom selection of faculty into accredited and nonaccredited institutions.
Reactions of d0 tungsten alkylidyne complexes with O2 or H2O. Formation of an oxo siloxy complex through unusual silyl migrations

(Me3SiCH2)3(Me3SiC)W←OPMe3 (1), an adduct between (Me3SiCH2)3WCSiMe3 (2) and OPMe3, reacts with O2 to give OW(OSiMe3)(CH2SiMe3)3 (3) and CO2. Reaction of 2 with H2O yields 3 and the trimer [(μ-O)W(CH2SiMe3)2(O)(THF)]3 (4). In the reaction of D2O with 2, 3-dn and methane isotopologues CH2D2, CHD3 and CD4 have been observed.
A Fully—Implicit 2‐D Navier-Stokes Algorithm for Unstructured Grids

A fully-implicit algorithm is developed for the two-dimensional, compressible, Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. It incorporates the standard k-∊ turbulence model of Launder and Spalding and the low Reynolds number correction of Chien. The equations are solved using an unstructured grid of triangles with the flow variables stored at the centroids of the cells. A generalization of wall functions including pressure gradient effects is implemented to solve the near-wall region for turbulent flows using a separate algorithm and a hybrid grid. The inviscid fluxes are obtained from Roe's flux difference split method. Linear reconstruction of the flow variables to the cell faces provides second-order spatial accuracy. Turbulent and viscous stresses as well as heat transfer are obtained from a discrete representation of Gauss's theorem. Interpolation of the flow variables to the nodes is achieved using a second-order accurate method. Temporal discretization employs Euler, Trapezoidal or 3-Point Backward dif...
AHR Function in Lymphocytes: Emerging Concepts

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of the development and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells through roles associated with AHR's ability to respond to cellular and dietary ligands. Recent findings have revealed tissue and context-specific functions for AHR in both homeostasis and in during an immune response. I review these findings here, and integrate them into the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate AHR transcription and function. I propose a conceptual framework in which AHR function is determined by three factors: the amount of AHR in any given cell, the abundance and potency of AHR ligands within certain tissues, and the tissue microenvironment wherein AHR+ cells reside. This complexity emphasizes the necessity cell-type specific genetic approaches towards the study of AHR function.
Optical Characterization of Fractal Aggregate Size and Morphology Parameters

We show how light scattering can be used to characterize random aggregates of particles. Optical structure factor measurements (scattered intensity as a function of angle) yield cluster radius of gyration and the fractal dimension. Absolute scattering and extinction measurements yield total cluster mass information. Combining these two methods yields monomer size and number of monomers per cluster, hence a very complete characterization can be achieved. We demonstrate the facility of our method with scattering measurements from carbonaceous soot particles in premixed flames.
Long-term Follow-up Protocol of Bariatric Patients

Bariatric procedures induce weight loss using a combination of restrictive and/or malabsorptive surgical techniques. The metabolic and nutritional complications of bariatric surgery are, in part, directly related to the surgically created anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract. They also occur due to patient noncompliance with nutritional supplementation and dietary alterations following surgery. Despite having huge stores of energy in the form of excess fat, morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥35 kg/m) may have clinical or subclinical nutritional defi ciencies preoperatively as a consequence of poor diet over a prolonged period of time. Therefore, the severity of the postoperative nutritional defi cit is dependent on several factors, including the patient’s preoperative nutritional status, the specifi c bariatric procedure undertaken, postoperative complications, patient-related nutritional compliance, and routine follow-up with his or her surgeon and primary care provider. At the end of this chapter we have included Tables 10.1 to 10.3, which describe the site of absorption of nutrients, mechanism of action of various bariatric surgical procedures, and common nutritional and metabolic complications of bariatric surgery. Table 10.4 contains suggested mineral and vitamin supplementation following various bariatric surgical procedures, and Table 10.5 provides recommended screening tests prior to bariatric surgery and postoperatively.
Differential Expression and Association of Calcium Channel Subunits in Development and Disease

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VDCC) are essential to neuronal maturation and differentiation. It is believed that important signaling information is encoded by VDCC-mediated calcium influx that has both spatial and temporal components. VDCC are multimeric complexes comprised of a pore-forming alpha1 subunit and auxiliary beta and alpha2/delta subunits. Changes in the fractional contribution of distinct calcium conductances to the total calcium current have been noted in developing and differentiating neurons. These changes are anticipated to reflect the differential expression and localization of the pore-forming alpha1 subunits. However, as in vitro studies have established that beta regulates the channel properties and targeting of alpha1, attention has been directed toward the developmental expression and assembly of beta isoforms. Recently, changes in the beta component of the omega-conotoxin GVIA (CTX)-sensitive N-type VDCC have indicated differential assembly of alpha1B with beta in postnatal rat brain. In addition, unique properties of beta4 have been noted with respect to its temporal pattern of expression and incorporation into N-type VDCC complexes. Therefore, the expression and assembly of specific alpha1/beta complexes may reflect an elaborate cellular strategy for regulating VDCC diversity. The importance of these developmental findings is bolstered by a recent study which identified mutations in the beta4 as the molecular defect in the mutant epileptic mouse (lethargic; lh/lh). As beta4 is normally expressed in both forebrain and cerebellum, one may consider the impact of the loss of beta4 upon VDCC assembly and activity. The importance of the beta1b and beta4 isoforms to calcium channel maturation and assembly is discussed.
The Latin Tradition: De curvis superficiebus

An appropriate sequel to the preceding discussion of Arabic adaptations of the Dimension of the Circle would be to examine similar efforts in the Latin tradition. Indeed, Gerard’s version LG spawned numerous paraphrases, with a variety of technical and exegetical additions. These have been edited and annotated by Marshall Clagett, and I will discuss aspects of their textual tradition in the next chapter.1 For the present, I will take up another writing in the Latin tradition of Archimedes, the tract De curvis superficiebus, a more advanced work combining elements of the Archimedean measurements of the circle and the sphere. The aim will be to establish its provenance as a translation from the Greek, and then to place its prototype within the ancient geometric tradition.2 Of specific interest will be the relation of both the Latin and the Greek forms of the work to the tradition of Archimedes' Dimension of the Circle and to other works, in particular, the anonymous isoperimetric writing extant in Greek in the Introduction to the Syntaxis and in Latin through a literal translation as Defiguris ysoperimetris.3
SELECTION AT ELECTROPHORETIC LOCI FOR REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN ISLAND AND MAINLAND VOLES.

Some microtine rodent populations (voles, field mice, and lemmings) undergo regular 3-4 yr cycles in density (see Krebs and Myers, 1974 for a review). Natural selection has been considered as a mechanism controlling these cycles (Chitty, 1960, 1967). Isozyme loci have been looked at in cyclic vole populations, and gene and genotype frequency changes have been correlated with density changes (Semeonoff and Robertson, 1968; Canham, 1969; Tamarin and Krebs, 1969; Gaines and Krebs, 1971). These findings indicate the action of selection on individual differences in fitness related to density changes in these populations. Details of reproduction were not examined in these studies. In the present 3-yr study we have sampled populations of the island beach vole, Microtus breweri, and the mainland meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus in southeastern Massachusetts, from which we obtained genetic and reproductive data. Genotypes were compared on the basis of their reproductive performance and gene frequency changes were correlated with density changes. Correlations between genetic and environmental variables were also examined.
Systemin, Hydroxyproline-Rich Systemin and the Induction of Protease Inhibitors

Systemin, an 18-amino acid signaling peptide isolated from tomato leaves, has been found to be an integral component of the jasmine acid signaling pathway, leading to the synthesis of protease inhibitors (PIs). The discovery of systemin has led to a search for other peptide signals involved in defense in the Solanaceae and in other plant families. A new class of peptides having similar signaling properties but little sequence homology to systemin have been found and termed hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide systemins (HypSys). These small (18-20 amino acids) glycopeptides, like systemin, are derived from larger precursor proteins (proHypSys) and until recently were thought to function only in protection from herbivore attack. However, HypSys peptides isolated from petunia induced the defensin gene, known for its involvement in pathogen defense. More recently, a HypSys glycopeptide was isolated from sweet potato, a member of the Convolvulaceae family and found to induce the sporamin gene which codes for the major storage protein in tubers with trypsin inhibitor activity. These recent discoveries expand the function and range of the HypSys family of glycopeptides and establish these unique inducible signaling molecules as potential components of defense pathways throughout the Eudicots. Herein we review the signaling and structural properties of systemin and the HypSys glycopeptides and their roles in the induction of PIs.
Long-term risk of colorectal cancer by gender after positive colonoscopy: population-based cohort study.

AbstractBackground: Evidence for surveillance intervals of colonoscopy are primarily based on adenoma recurrence rate rather than on colorectal cancer (C.R.C.) incidence. Little is known about long-term risk of C.R.C. after positive colonoscopy. In view of men have significantly higher C.R.C. risk than women, we aimed to estimate the gender-specific C.R.C. incidence after positive colonoscopy (adenoma or malignant lesion) at follow-up colonoscopy.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a database of colonoscopy screening and surveillance. Patients having had a colonoscopy (January 2010–March 2014) were selected as study subjects and the history of prior colonoscopies was reviewed. Multivariable Weibull regression models were used to estimate the incidence of C.R.C. at follow-up colonoscopy for subjects who were assigned a stratified risk level. The benchmark risk was defined according to a national survey.Results: The interval incidence of C.R.C. at a 10 year follow-up was 164 ...
Design Project for Aerospace Specialization and Student Research on the Combustion of Bio-Derived Rocket Fuels

The paper describes experience of the offering to Mechanical Engineering (ME) students which pursue aerospace specialization, the design/research Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine (HPRE) project. HPRE project was started in 2010as the design of the test facility and instrumentation system for long-term research of the combustion of non-conventional bio-derived hybrid propellant rocket fuels such as paraffin, beeswax, lard with different oxidizers (oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, nitrous oxide) including combustion of above fuels with additives, and obtaining regression rates formulas for listed propellants. A small-scale HPRE, test fixture and instrumentation system have been designed, manufactured, assembled and used for the research and analysis of the combustion. The results of the research of combustion of paraffin wax performed in 2011/12 academic year were presented at 51 AIAA Meeting and Exhibit. Paper describes the improvements of the test bench and instrumentation system performed for the extension of research and measurement of additional parameters as well as results of the study of combustion of bee’s wax with oxygen and paraffin enriched by aluminum powder with oxygen. Paper represents new findings, such as regression rate formulas for bee’s wax combustion, and first attempts of the estimation of losses of unburned fuel. Paper illustrates problems the student team was faced with during performing of challenging project with emphasize on the multidisciplinary nature of the project provided ME students with an excellent opportunity to apply their knowledge, skills, and experience from a variety of courses to the real-life design and research.
Fluorescent Heteroacenes with Multiply-Bonded Phosphorus

An air-stable primary phosphine, 2,6-diphosphinonaphthalene-1,5-diol (4), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. A series of π-conjugated heteroacenes containing two phosphaalkene (P═C) units, 2,7-R2-naphtho[1,2-d:5,6-d′]bi(soxaphosphole)s [R2-NBOP, R = tBu (5a), Ad (5b), and Ph (5c)], have been synthesized from reactions of 4 and benzimidoyl chlorides. These novel fluorescent analogues of organic acenes were characterized by multinuclear NMR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments.
Marketing in Australia

To paraphrase a current Australian advertising campaign, “What's marketing like Down Under?”In many and some surprising ways, it is like marketing in the United States. Language, legal and politica...
Analysis on comprehensive monitoring results of respiratory tract in Taizhou City,2012

Objective To understand the activity patterns of respiratory pathogens and the pathogen spectrum in Taizhou. Methods In monitoring points,throat swab samples of influenza-like illness acute upper respiratory infections and hospitalized severe acute respiratory infections were collected. The nucleic acids were detected through quantitative PCR analysis. Results A total of 713 cases of influenza were detected with nucleic acid and the positive rate was 23. 5%. The subtypes were H3N2 and B. In 240 cases of respiratory pathogen with other nucleic acid detection,the positive rate was 35. 0%. The pathogen spectrums were mainly rhinovirus,herpes simplex virus and streptococcus pneumoniae. Conclusions Influenza virus,rhinovirus,herpes simplex virus and streptococcus pneumoniae were major pathogens of respiratory infections.
Structure of mammalian DNA methyltransferase as deduced from the inferred amino acid sequence and direct studies of the protein.

Abstract DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) establishes and maintains methylation patterns in the genome of higher eukaryotes. This enzyme has been purified, and the cDNA which encodes it has been cloned and sequenced. DNA MeTase appears to contain a large (1000 amino acid) N-terminal domain that contains potential metal-binding sites. This domain appears to contain a series of five to seven structural units of Mr about 20 000, since post-translational processing in vivo or partial proteolysis of the purified protein in vitro leads to the production of a series of catalytically active species differing in Mr by units of 20 000. The N-terminal domain is fused to a smaller (570 amino acid) C-terminal domain that is related to bacterial type II cytosine methyltransferases. The relevance of these findings for the biological function of DNA MeTase is discussed.