cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomic Negative Ions. Second Period

Results of Hartree-Fock calculations on the ions ${\mathrm{Na}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Si}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in states of the lowest electronic configuration, along with correlation and relativistic corrections, are given. The data are used to compute electron affinities for the atoms of the second row of the periodic table, and the stability of the excited states of the ions relative to the neutral ground-state atoms. The computed electron affinities for atoms on which experimental determinations are not available are 0.78 eV for Na, 0.52 eV for Al, 1.39 eV for Si, and 0.78 eV for P. The computed electron affinities for S and Cl are 2.12 and 3.56 eV in fair agreement with the experimental values of 2.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 and 3.613\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 eV, respectively. For the second-row negative ions, several excited states are lower in energy than the corresponding ground-state neutral atoms; the computed stabilities for the species ${\mathrm{Al}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(^{1}D)$, ${\mathrm{Si}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(^{2}D)$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(^{2}P)$ are 0.23, 0.58, and 0.08 eV, respectively. While the $^{1}D$ state of ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is estimated to be very close to that of $\mathrm{P}(^{4}S)$, our estimates are not accurate enough to say definitely whether it is above or below.
Gold-Decorated Flow-Through Electrodes: Effect of Electrochemical Time Constant on Electrodeposition of Au Particles on Reticulated Vitreous Carbon

Here, we investigate the effect of the time constant on the ED of Au particles on RVC substrates. Potentiostatic ED was performed on two RVC samples with electrochemical accessible surface areas of 1.0 and 750 cm 2 . Progressive nucleation was observed on both substrates. At the same applied potentials, the large ohmic drop on the high surface area sample (750 cm 2 ) cannot be neglected and results in a significantly reduced nucleation density (∼30%) and a larger mean diameter. Knowledge of how the electrochemical cell time constant (resistance-capacitance time constant) affects particle coverage and size allows one to optimize ED conditions on substrates with high surface areas. The scaling of ED conditions is important for several technological applications.
Quality of life in head and neck cancer patients.

Given the current therapeutic options for head and neck cancer, it is impossible to avoid treatment-related side effects. Unlike most other cancers, the treatment-related side effects of head and n...
An Assessment of Ionospheric Effects on the GPS User

The single frequency, CIA code GPS user employs a rather simple analytic model of the ionospheric delay of the L1 GPS navigation signal. It is recognized that the model is an approximation and that its use will only partially remove ionospheric effects from the user's navigation solution. To perform an assessment of the residual effects of the ionosphere on navigation accuracy, this paper turns the problem around and uses the ionosphere model in a way that was not originally intended. Let's assume the model represents truth and a hypothetical user does not attempt to correct for its effects. With this approach, we have a means for obtaining various statistics of ionospheric effects on a world-wide, 24-hour basis. The paper presents results for both horizontal and vertical navigation errors as well as for time transfer errors. Time transfer results are given both for when time transfer is part of a three-dimensional navigation solution and for time transfer at a known location. Some of the results presented in this paper might appear to be quite surprising. The user position errors are low relative to the magnitude of the ionospheric delays. Furthermore, the horizontal errors are only about 1/6 of the vertical. These low errors are at the expense of the time transfer part of the navigation solution. From a known location, time transfer errors are much lower for two reasons: 1) There is no error amplification due to "geometric dilution of precision," and 2) We can limit ourselves to using high-elevation angle satellites.
A mathematical model of the effects of spatio-temporal patterns of dendritic input potentials on neuronal somatic potentials

A mathematical model of a neuron was developed to investigate the effects of various spatio-temporal patterns of miniature dendritic input potentials on neuronal somatic potentials. The model treats spatio-temporal dendritic activation patterns as the input or forcing function in the non-homogeneous cable equation. The theoretical somatic potentials resulting from several different spatio-temporal input patterns were generated on an IBM 360/75 computer. The model allows the investigation of the theoretical effects of activations at several different synaptic sites, of repeated activations at one or more sites, and of changes in various parameters. The time-to-peak and amplitude of individual excitatory postsynaptic potentials, distance of synapses from the soma, and interactivation interval for repeated activations at the same synapse were among the parameters investigated. Not only the order of activations at different synaptic sites was important, but the time intervals between activations were shown to be important. For a given order of activations at different synapses, optimum time intervals between activations were demonstrated, with respect to the resulting peak somatic potentials. Possible consequences of some hypothetical learning and memory mechanisms upon neuronal excitability were discussed. It was also shown that a deterministic model can generate theoretical curves which appear to be almost of a random nature with respect to the observed numbers and amplitudes of peaks of individual EPSPs. The conditions for the appearance of extra peaks were discussed.
Representations and routing for Cayley graphs (computer networks)

It is shown that all finite Cayley graphs can be represented by generalized chordal rings (GCR). An example Borel Cayley graph is used to illustrate the generation of GCR representations. A sufficient condition is given for the representation of a Cayley graph as a chordal ring (CR). With the integer labeling of GCR representations, a straightforward, progressive routing algorithm based on table look-up is summarized. >
Effects of magnesium sulfate on cardiac conduction and refractoriness in humans.

Magnesium has been used empirically for several decades in the treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with normal and decreased serum magnesium levels. However, a systematic evaluation of the effects of magnesium on cardiac conduction and refractoriness in humans has not been described. In this study, the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects of magnesium were determined in 10 patients with normal baseline serum magnesium and other electrolyte levels. Six grams of magnesium sulfate was administered intravenously over 6 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of 1 additional gram over 1 hour. Serum magnesium levels rose significantly from a baseline of 2.0 ± 0.2 to 5.4 ± 0.4 mg/dl (p No significant change occurred in heart rate at rest, or in duration of the QRS complex or QT or QTc intervals during sinus rhythm. There were significant increases in sinus node recovery time (1,000 ± 211 to 1,106 ± 223 ms, p Acute intravenous administration of magnesium has several electrophysiologic effects that may be beneficial in the treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
Benzil-tethered precipitons for controlling solubility: a round-trip energy-transfer mechanism in the isomerization of extended stilbene analogues.

We are investigating photoresponsive molecules called “precipitons” that undergo a solubility change co-incident with isomerization. Isomerization can be induced by light or by catalytic reagents. Previous work demonstrated that covalent attachment of a metal complex, Ru(II)(bpy)3, greatly accelerates photoisomerization and influences the photostationary state. In this paper, we describe precipitons (1,2-biphenylethenes; analogous to stilbenes) that are activated by a covalently attached organic sensitizer (benzil). We find that isomerization of these stilbene analogues is little effected by the presence of benzil in solution but that the intramolecular benzil effect is to increase the rate of isomerization and to significantly change the photostationary state. What is most interesting about these observations is that the precipiton is the primary chromophore in this bichromophoric system (precipiton absorbance is many times greater than benzil absorbance in the 300−400 nm range), yet the neighboring benz...
Hybrid encoding method for hiding information by assembling double-random phase-encoding technique and binary encoding method

A hybrid encoding method is used to assemble the double-random phase-encoding technique and the binary encoding method. Because the double-random phase-encoding technique is robust for noises and the binary encoding method is free of using external keys, the proposed hybrid encoding method has their advantages. The hybrid encoding method first encodes a covert image to form a complex-number matrix by using the double-random phase-encoding technique, where two random real-number matrices are used to increase the security of the encoding work. Then the elements of the two random real-number matrices and the elements of the complex-number matrix are encoded to form a binary-bit string by using the binary encoding method. Finally, the binary data in the binary-bit string are encoded into a host image to form an overt image with hidden information by using a gray-value modulation method. The decoding work is easy for authorized people, but it is very difficult for unauthorized people. Therefore, the proposed hybrid encoding method is a very useful encoding method.
Quotient rings and localization for Noetherian rings

Abstract Criteria are obtained for the localizability of a Noetherian ring at a semiprime ideal S, particularly when S is the nil radical of R. The results are applied to the existence of quotient rings. A decomposition theorem is obtained for certain Noetherian rings which admit Artinian quotient rings.
Optimization of convergence rate and stability margin of information flow in cooperative systems

The interplay between the convergence rate and stability margin (e.g. ability to reject disturbances) for a discrete-time information flow filter in cooperative systems is analyzed. For a given communication graph, the convergence rate is defined as the absolute value of the largest nonunit characteristic root of a matrix associated with the filter. The maximal convergence rate, obtained by “tuning” the control gains, is highly correlated to the number of distinct eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian (it is 1 for the complete graph). A stability margin is introduced for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems and is then maximized with respect to the control gains subject to a constraint on the convergence rate. The optimal stability margin as a function of the convergence rate is bounded above for any order of the filter, and the bound is attained for the complete graph. For the zero-order filter and all strongly connected communication graphs, the optimal stability margin is found analytically, whereas for the first-order filter and undirected communication graphs, it is evaluated numerically. The results demonstrate the ability to distinguish graph topologies that dominate others in their ability to reject disturbances and converge rapidly to a consensus.
Learning through teaching

Abstract I propose a method of instruction whereby students learn through teaching the material, first to each other and then to members of the wider community.
Hydrothermal growth of textured BaxSr1-xTiO 3 films composed of nanowires

A novel method for synthesis of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) films with a high degree of texture is developed with a two-step hydrothermal reaction and without the need for costly equipment. The dielectric constant and ferroelectric properties of the film can be tuned by varying the Ba : Sr molar ratio of the materials. The maximum ambient temperature dielectric constant of these BST films can reach 811 when the Ba molar fraction (“x” in BaxSr1−xTiO3) is 0.71, which corresponds with the tetragonal to cubic phase transition of the solid solution. The ferroelectric behavior of the Ba0.91Sr0.09TiO3 film is confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Canopy Closure, Competition, and the Endangered Dusky Gopher Frog

A major challenge facing wildlife biologists is understanding why some species go extinct while others persist in the same habitat. To address this question, we investigated whether tree canopy closure over ponds affects growth and survival of rare and common tadpoles within ponds and mediates competitive interactions among species. We conducted 2 experiments to test whether canopy closure and competition may have contributed to the decline of the endangered dusky gopher frog (Rana sevosa), but allowed the persistence of the southern leopard frog (R. sphenocephala). We explored the response of both species to canopy closure in single-species and mixed- (1:1) species treatments of identical total tadpole density. An experiment using aquatic enclosures in temporary ponds showed that canopy closure reduced tadpole growth approximately 20% for both species. Survival of dusky gopher frog tadpoles was higher in mixed-species enclosures than in single-species enclosures. In a complementary experiment using artificial ponds, dusky gopher frogs had lower survival to metamorphosis, reduced size at metamorphosis, and produced a lower total biomass of metamorphosed juveniles in shaded ponds. Southern leopard frogs exhibited reduced body size at metamorphosis only when shaded. These studies suggest that pond canopy closure, not larval competition, may be contributing to the decline of the dusky gopher frog. The different responses to canopy closure suggest a potential mechanism for the loss of dusky gopher frogs and the persistence of southern leopard frogs. Removal of trees from historically open-canopy ponds may help facilitate the recovery of dusky gopher frogs and benefit similar species.
Flutter of a flat panel subjected to a nonlinear temperature distribution.

Parabolic temperature distribution effect on flutter behavior of panel subjected to supersonic flow over one surface
A novel analytical strategy for patient-physician communication research: the one-with-many design.

Abstract Objective We aimed to demonstrate how a novel analytic strategy – the one-with-many (OWM) design – can provide unique information about patient–physician communication that cannot be obtained using traditional analytic strategies. Methods Using an OWM design we conducted a secondary analysis of behavioral (talk time) and self-reported (perceived teamness) data from a study of patient–physician communication, and examined variance decompositions of these variables. Results Talk time was largely relational, suggesting that there is no behavioral consistency on the part of physicians across patients or behavioral similarity among patients who see the same physician. In contrast, there was significant actor variance in perceived teamness, suggesting that some physicians consistently reported higher teamness with their patients than others. However, those physicians’ positive perceptions of the communication are not necessarily reciprocated by their patients. Conclusions OWM design provides researchers with the opportunity to take full advantage of rich non-independent data and explore interesting communication patterns (e.g., behavioral continuity, similarity, reciprocity unique to specific dyads) that have been omitted in prior literature. Practical implications OWM can be used to determine the relative differences in how patients and physicians influence communication patterns and identify which aspects of physician–patient communication are relational and which are not.
An ultrastructural study of the marginal nucleus, the intrinsic mechanoreceptor of the snake's spinal cord.

Previously reported anatomical and electrophysiological studies have shown that there are neurons in the lamprey's spinal cord that respond to stretching of the spinal cord. Neurons in similar locations are especially prominent in reptiles, where they form the marginal nuclei. These nuclei have been examined in snakes, and it has become apparent that the denticulate ligament is both structurally and functionally closely related to the marginal nuclei. The ligament loses collagen in a short segment of every intervertebral area, and the marginal nuclei are located only in this area. The marginal nuclei consist of a group of medium-sized neurons along the edge of the spinal cord, with a strip of neuropil separating them from the ligament; the neurons extend dendritic processes into this lateral neuropil area and give rise to long finger-like processes. In the present study, these processes were found to be longer than the ones that have been described for peripheral mechanoreceptors; they are thought to be i...
Rocuronium versus vecuronium during fentanyl induction in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the neuromuscular, ventilatory, and cardiovascular effects of rocuronium and vecuronium. Design: Randomized, prospective, blinded study. Setting: Tertiary care teaching center, single institution. Participants: Patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedure. Interventions: Patients received rocuronium, 1.0 mg/kg (n = 17), or vecuronium, 0.15 mg/kg (n = 15), during fentanyl induction of anesthesia. Measurements and Main Results: Measures consisted of time to visual loss of orbicularis oculi twitches in response to facial nerve stimulation, ease of mask ventilation, hemodynamics, need for vasoactive drugs, and tracheal intubating conditions. Median time to twitch loss was faster (p 84 s). Within 45 seconds, only 3 of 17 patients in the rocuronium group had moderate-to-severe difficulty with mask ventilation versus 12 of 15 patients in the vecuronium group (p < 0.05). Tracheal intubating conditions were excellent in all patients after rocuronium. In the vecuronium group, intubating conditions were excellent in 46%, good in 27%, and poor in 27% (p < 0.05v rocuronium). Patients receiving vecuronium were more likely to require ephedrine and phenylephrine for hypotension (1015 patients v 517 patients for rocuronium, p < 0.05). There were no clinically important differences in hemodynamic variables, oxygen metabolism, or myocardial ischemia between groups. Conclusion: During narcotic induction of anesthesia, rocuronium was associated with lower requirement for vasopressors, faster onset of neuromuscular blockade, and better conditions for mask ventilation and tracheal intubation compared with vecuronium.
Analysis of BEATRIX-II tritium release results using MISTRAL

Abstract The MISTRAL code was used to analyze the BEATRIX-II experimental results of Li2O ring samples. The analysis included the change in inventory due to different temperature transients, the end-of-life inventory of the Phase I ring sample, and the analysis of the transient tritium release history of both Phase I and Phase II ring samples. The change in inventory results were used in order to obtain a set of input data that will reproduce these results. Using the same input data, MISTRAL was able to predict the end-of-life inventory of the sample. In all the cases, the calculations indicated that most of the tritium was present in the bulk, leading to the assumption that LiOT formation inside the grains is the key mechanism in controlling the tritium inventory in these cases.
SIMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR EDUCATION IN GERONTOLOGY: AN EXERCISE IN EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Simulation is often used as a supplementary type of learning experience; applications in gerontology have previously been noted (Hubbard & Santos, 1981; Chaisson, 1980; Wasmuth, 1975; Pastalan, 1974). The simulation format is used to increase students’ empathy toward changes that occur as a concomitant of human aging. This paper describes some of the aspects of a quasi‐experiment that has been developed over several years as part of an undergraduate “Introduction to Gerontology” course. Student response to the assignment seemed to be very positive, but it was not until the spring of 1984 that a quantitative assessment of the reports was done. The results of the simulations of 170 undergraduate students have been analyzed for this paper. Three facets of the quasi‐experiment are discussed: (1) the self‐selection method by which student experiments are designed; (2) an analysis of the breadth of the simulations which have been done; and (3) a discussion of some of the more provocative and/or interesting resu...
Enhancing photovoltaic power by Fano-induced coherence

We show that coherence induced by Fano interference can enhance power generated by a photovoltaic device as compared to the same system with no coherence. No additional external energy source is necessary to create such induced coherence. In the present model, coherence increases the flow of electrons through the load, which reduces radiative recombination and enhances cell power.
Reactions of Imines with Half-Open Titanocenes: Substituent Effects and Tandem Couplings with Nitriles and Isonitriles

The syntheses and characterizations of half-open titanocenes containing bulky Cp ligands are described. Such species include Ti[1,3-C5H3(t-C4H9)2](Pdl)(PX3) (Pdl = 2,4-C7H11, X = Me; Pdl = C5H7, X = Me or Et) and Ti[1,3-C5H3(SiMe3)2](2,4-C7H11)(PMe3) (C7H11 = dimethylpentadienyl). The structure of Ti[1,3-C5H3(t-C4H9)2](C5H7)PMe3 was determined, and revealed markedly shorter Ti−C bonds for the open dienyl ligand as compared to the cyclic one. The first 2,4-C7H11 complex undergoes a coupling reaction with imines, generating a chiral center with the opposite stereochemistry, as demonstrated by a solid-state structural determination, as occurs in a similar coupling reaction with the Ti(C5H5)(2,4-C7H11) fragment. In addition, mixed coupling reactions can be achieved through the addition of nitriles or isonitriles to the C6H5C(H)N(i-C3H7)-Ti(C5H5)(2,4-C7H11) coupling product. These reactions result in the incorporation of either one equivalent of nitrile (p-CH3C6H4CN) or four equivalents of isonitrile (p-CH3C6H...
Quantitative Analysis of Diffuse Scattering from Concentrated Alloys: The Last Two Decades

The techniques for measurement and analysis of the absolute intensity from concentrated alloys have now improved to the point where reliable analysis for local order and displacements can be performed in reasonable times, for both clustering and ordering. Coupling the results with computer simulation provides information on the details of chemical fluctuations and, as well, tests of modern theories of transformations. In some cases, the results have been confirmed via direct imaging (FIM, HRTEM). The role of this information in our understanding of phase transformations is reviewed, and suggestions for future studies are given.
Analysis of ultrathin oxide growth on indium

Abstract An investigation of the formation of ultrathin In 2 O 3 layers by oxidation of indium films is described. Ellipsometric measurements were made in situ , first to determine the complex refractive index of vacuum-deposited indium and then to follow oxide growth upon introducing oxygen. Very small changes in the optical properties of the growing In 2 O 3 layer could be detected, making it possible to study the complex refractive index and thickness of the In 2 O 3 as a function of oxidation time. The absorption coefficient of the oxide was observed to decrease with increasing thickness, probably because of a corresponding small compositional change. The inverse of the oxide thickness decreased linearly with the logarithm of the oxidation time, in accordance with the Mott-Cabrera theory.
Operator-based truncation scheme based on the many-body fermion density matrix

In an earlier work [S. A. Cheong and C. L. Henley, preceding paper], we derived an exact formula for the many-body density matrix ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}$ of a block of B sites cut out from an infinite chain of noninteracting spinless fermions, and found that the many-particle eigenvalues and eigenstates of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B}$ can all be constructed out of the one-particle eigenvalues and one-particle eigenstates, respectively. In this paper we improved upon this understanding, and developed a statistical-mechanical analogy between the density-matrix eigenstates and the many-body states of a system of noninteracting fermions. Each density-matrix eigenstate corresponds to a particular set of occupation of single-particle pseudoenergy levels, and the density-matrix eigenstate with the largest weight, having the structure of a Fermi sea ground state, unambiguously defines a pseudo-Fermi level. Based on this analogy, we outlined the main ideas behind an operator-based truncation of the density-matrix eigenstates, where single-particle pseudoenergy levels far away from the pseudo-Fermi level are removed as degrees of freedom. We report numerical evidence for scaling behaviors in the single-particle pseudoenergy spectrum for different block sizes B and different filling fractions $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}.$ With the aid of these scaling relations, which tell us that the block size B plays the role of an inverse temperature in the statistical-mechanical description of the density-matrix eigenstates and eigenvalues, we looked into the performance of our operator-based truncation scheme in minimizing the discarded density-matrix weight and the error in calculating the dispersion relation for elementary excitations. This performance was compared against that of the traditional density-matrix-based truncation scheme, as well as against an operator-based plane-wave truncation scheme, and found to be very satisfactory.
Electrically Addressing a Molecule-Like Donor Pair in Silicon: An Atomic Scale Cyclable Full Adder Logic†

Electrical spectroscopy of a heteroatomic molecule-like shallow-donor pair in silicon can switch the molecule between two ionic states of opposite polarities. We study this charge reorganization theoretically by solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation on a grid using an effective mass model. The ability to control the charge reorganization by applying external electrical fields is then used to design a cyclable full-adder that operates as a nonlinear finite state machine. The logic operations, equivalent to 32 switches, are implemented by realistic pulse voltages that induce diabatic and adiabatic charge transfer between the wells of the two donors. A RF-SET is used for the read out by charge detection.
The use of activated charcoal for the removal of PCR inhibitors from oyster samples.

Abstract Activated charcoal is a carbonaceous adsorbent with a high internal porosity, and hence a large internal surface area. Cells of a strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 seeded into oyster tissue homogenates were completely bound to untreated charcoal after an incubation period of 15 min at room temperature. In contrast, activated charcoal particles coated with cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in 92.6% ± 3.7 recovery of E. coli O157:H7. This allowed the successful use of the coated activated charcoal for the absorption of PCR inhibitors from seeded tissue samples. With coated charcoal, real-time PCR was able to detect 1 × 103 CFU of E. coli 0157:H7/g of tissue which was equivalent to 50 genomic targets per real-time PCR. In contrast, without the use of treated charcoal, the real-time PCR failed to detect 107 CFU/g. This is a promising, and convenient technology that can be applied to increase the sensitivity of the PCR assay without selective enrichment, for the detection of low numbers of pathogenic microorganisms in complex matrices such as foods, clinical, and environmental samples, which frequently exhibit high levels of PCR inhibition.
Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Organic Conductor bis -Tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene-Hexafluorophosphate [ ( TMTSF ) 2 -P F 6 ]

The anisotropy in the static susceptibility of ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}$-P${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ has been investigated above and below the metal-insulator transition for a range of fields between 4 and 25 kOe. The results are consistent with the occurrence of an Overhauser antiferromagnetic transition to a spin-density-wave state with an easiest axis perpendicular to the stacks. Below the transition, evidence for a spin-flop transition is seen. Above the transition, evidence for a crossover, possibly from $n=3$ to $n=1$ spin behavior, is seen.
Mortality from suicide in attempted suicides.

5umrnory.-From 45 studies of completed suicide in the samples of attempted suicides, the proportion of suicides was related to the length of follow-up, the nation studied, and the number of missing subjects. Lester (1770) showed that the mortality from suicide in studies of anxiety neurotics was dependent on the follow-up period. Wedler (1788) reviewed research on repetition of suicide in 45 studies of subsequent completed suicide and 22 studies of subsequent attempted suicide, permitting an analysis of factors affecting the rate of repeating. For the percentage of attempted suicides who completed suicide in the studies reviewed by Wedler, the percentage of completed suicides (M: 5.5, SD: 6.1) was related to the length of follow-up (Pearson r = 0.60), the percentage of missing subjects (r = 0.63), and to the country studied (for Great Britain versus all others r = -0.38), but not to the year of publication of the study, the size of the sample, or whether it was a general hospital sample (YS = 0.08, -0.08, and 0.11, respectively). For the percentage of repeated attempted suicide in the studies reviewed by Wedler (M: 17.6, SD: 10.6), only the percentage of missing data was significantly related to the percentage of repetition of suicide attempts (T = 0.53). Wedler's review permits us to identify the factors affecting the mortality from suicide in suicide attempters and to identify what factors affect this percentage. The association of this percentage with characteristics of the study facilitates our interpretation of the percentage.
AKT3 rSNPs, Transcriptional Factor Binding Sites and Human Disease

Seven rSNPs (rs10157763, rs10927067, rs12031994, rs2125230, rs2345994, rs4132509 and rs4590646) in intron one of thev-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (AKT3) gene have been significantly associated with either Chronic Mountain Sickness, Renal Cell Carcinoma risk or Aggressive Prostate Cancer. These rSNP alleles alter the DNA landscape for potential transcriptional factors (TFs) to attach, resulting in changes in transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBS). The alleles of each rSNP were found to produce unique TFBS resulting in potential changes in TF AKT3 regulation. These regulatory changes are discussed with respect to the three diseases.
Chiasma-based models of multilocus recombination: Increased power for exclusion mapping and gene ordering

Cytological evidence indicates that the number of chiasmata which can occur on any given chromosome arm is limited. In this paper a Monte-Carlo simulation study is used to compare the power of a model of multilocus recombination parameterized in terms of chromosome-specific chiasma distributions with the traditional model parameterized by recombination fractions in adjacent intervals. Two specific gene mapping problems are considered: excluding a test locus from a given chromosome map and ordering a test locus with respect to a fixed map of syntenic marker loci. We show that the chiasma-based models require significantly fewer observations to exclude or order a test locus and that they are quite robust to errors in specifying the underlying true chiasma distribution.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Ni(H2O)4][VO(PO4)]2, a Nickel(II) Vanadyl(IV) Phosphate

Abstract The new M 2+ /V 4+ /P/O phase [Ni(H 2 O) 4 ][VO(PO 4 )] 2 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by X-ray crystallography and thermogravimetric analysis. Crystal data: tetragonal space group I 4/ mmm , a = 6.251(1)A, c = 13.338(3)A, V = 521.2(3)A 3 , Z = 2, D calc = 2.845 g/cm 3 ; structure solution and refinement based on 176 reflections with I 0 ≥ 3σ( I 0 ) (Mo K α radiation, λ = 0.71073A) converged at R = 0.0564. The structure consists of {VO(PO 4 )} layers, constructed from VO 5 square pyramids and PO 4 tetrahedra, linked by NiO 6 octahedra. The structure is distinct from that of Ni 0.5 [VO(PO 4 )] · 1.5H 2 O, which exhibits a three-dimensional network structure with tunnels accommodating the aquo ligands.
Isolation, structure and biologic activity of chicken intestinal neurotensin

Abstract Using a radioimmunoassay towards bovine neurotensin (NT), chicken NT has been purified to homogeneity from extracts of intestine and its amino acid sequence determined to be: His-Val -Asn-Lys- Ala -Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH. The molecule is identical to the bovine peptide except for the 3 amino acid substitutions located in its NH 2 -terminal half and italicized above (His/Tyr; Val/Glu; Ala/Pro). The structure for chicken NT is consistent with earlier immunochemical studies which indicated a COOH-terminal homology with bovine NT [1]. The peptide isolated was shown to be near equipotent with bovine NT in its ability to induce hypotension, hyperglycemia, and cyanosis in the anesthesized rat, underscoring the importance of the COOH-terminal residues in NT for biological activity.
Effect of the earthworm, eisenia foetida (oligochaeta), on fluxes of volatile carbon and sulfur compounds from sewage sludge

Abstract Rates of decomposition, measured by flux rates of CO 2 , O 2 CH 4 , H 2 S, CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S, and populations of anaerobic bacteria were determined in an activated sludge before and after ingestion by Eisenia foetida . Feces always exhibited higher ( P 2 and O 2 and generally lower ( P 4 , H 2 S, CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S than sludge, indicating that E. foetida feeding stimulated aerobic decomposition. For both sludge and feces, decreasing moisture contents resulted in lowered CO 2 and O 2 flux rates. Volatile sulfur compounds produced over 24 days accounted for only 0.02–0.08% of the total S present. Populations of total anaerobes, nitrate reducers, sulfate reducers and methanogens were not significantly affected by either earthworm feeding or moisture content.
Influence of perinatal androgen on the sexually dimorphic distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat.

Recently we reported that the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv) of the preoptic region contains a dramatic sexual dimorphism in the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-)immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat. This sexual dimorphism appears to be due to a greater density of dopaminergic fibers, and a larger number of dopaminergic cell bodies, in the AVPv of the female. In the present study we used an indirect immunohistochemical method to evaluate the distribution of TH-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers, and of dopamine-β-hydroxylase-(DBH-)stained fibers, in the AVPv of female rats that were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) perinatally or postnatally, or were left untreated. All of the postnatally TP-treated animals failed to show a phasic pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in response to estrogen and progesterone injections. Both the perinatally and postnatally TP-treated females had polyfollicular ovaries that lacked corpora lutea at the time of gonadectomy. Perinatal TP exposure resulted in what appears to be a complete masculinization of both the number of TH-stained cells and the density of TH-stained fibers in the AVPv. The number of TH-stained cells in the postnatally TP-treated females was also completely masculinized, although the density of TH-stained fibers did not appear to be altered significantly. Gonadectomy resulted in a moderate increase in the density of TH-stained fibers in adult males, and did not significantly affect the fiber density in females, or the number of TH-stained cells in either sex. The distribution of DBH-stained fibers in the AVPv did not appear to be altered in any of the treatment groups. These results suggest that the distribution of dopaminergic fibers in the AVPv may be sensitive to testosterone levels in the adult male, and that although the critical period for the development of this fiber distribution may begin in the prenatal period, the number of dopaminergic cells in the AVPv can be completely sex reversed by a single postnatal dose of TP that appears to correlate with a permanent disruption of the normal pattern of gonadotropin secretion.
A parametric study of the generation and degeneration of wind-forced long internal waves in narrow lakes

The generation and energy downscaling of wind-forced long internal waves in strongly stratified small-to-medium sized narrow lakes are studied. A two-layer nonlinear model with forcing and damping is employed. Even though the wave field is fundamentally bidirectional in nature, a domain folding technique is employed to simulate the leading-order internal wave field in terms of a weakly nonlinear weakly dispersive model equation of Korteweg–deVries type. Parametric effects of wind-forcing and environmental conditions, including variable topography and variable basin width, are examined. Energy downscaling from basin-scale waves to shorter scales are quantified by means of a time evolution of the wave energy spectra. It is demonstrated that an internal wave resonance is possible when repetitive wind-forcing events arise with a frequency near the linear seiche frequency. An attempt is made to apply the model to describe the shoaling of long waves on sloping endwall boundaries. Modelling of the energy loss and energy reflection during a shoaling event is calibrated against laboratory experiments.
Torque disturbance rejection in high accuracy tracking systems

The possibility of rejecting torque disturbances that degrade the pointing and tracking accuracy of electromechanical pedestals and general two-axis systems used for target acquisition and robotics is discussed. Torque rejection achieved through disturbance estimation and compensation results in a vast improvement in pointing accuracy. For the class of disturbances considered, comparisons of a classical loop configuration of a tracker, modeled as a two-mass system, with the state-space solution indicate that at least an order-of-magnitude improvement in tracking error can be achieved. >
Inoculum Sources and Survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii in Colorado

Gent, D. H., Lang, J. M., Bartolo, M. E., and Schwartz, H. F. 2005. Inoculum sources and survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii in Colorado. Plant Dis. 89:507-514. Xanthomonas leaf blight, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is an emerging disease of onion in the western United States and worldwide, but few management strategies have been developed because little is known about disease epidemiology and pathogen survival. Therefore, we sought to identify and quantify primary inoculum sources of the pathogen in Colorado. Growth chamber and field studies evaluated survival and dissemination of X. axonopodis pv. allii in association with weed, alternate host, and volunteer onion plants, irrigation water, and crop debris. Epiphytic X. axonopodis pv. allii was recovered from the foliage of nine asymptomatic weed species and Medicago sativa, but the bacterium was not recovered from plants in locations where an epidemic of Xanthomonas leaf blight did not occur the prior year. The bacterium also was isolated from volunteer onion with characteristic Xanthomonas leaf blight symptoms. A rifampicin mutant of X. axonopodis pv. allii strain O177 was recovered consistently from the irrigation tail water of onion fields inoculated with the bacterium; populations as large as 3.02 × 104 CFU/ml were recovered. X. axonopodis pv. allii was recovered from infested onion leaves 9 months after they were placed on the soil surface or buried to a depth of 25 cm, but culturable populations of the pathogen decreased 104 to 106 more in buried leaves. Cultural practices that avoid or eliminate X. axonopodis pv. allii inoculum sources should reduce Xanthomonas leaf blight losses to onion.
Lop Nor Revisited: Underground Nuclear Explosion Locations, 1976-1996, from Double-Difference Analysis of Regional and Teleseismic Data

We have used seismic signals recorded at regional and teleseismic distances to determine precise locations of 19 underground nuclear explosions (13 in vertical shafts, and 6 in horizontal tunnels) carried out between October 1976 and July 1996 at the Lop Nor test site in the southern Xinjiang province of China. In addition to first- and later-arriving phase-pick data from the International Seismological Centre and Chinese bulletins, we use waveform cross-correlation methods to measure relative arrival times between the explosions with an accuracy of about 10 msec. We adapted the double-difference algorithm to work with regional and global network data, and applied it to the combined Lop Nor data set to remove the effects of uncertainty in the Earth model. Specifically, we determined locations of more recent tests to the accuracy of the cross-correlation data while simultaneously determining the relative locations of the older tests, for which digital waveforms are not available, to the accuracy of the phase-pick data. In general, our locations are consistent, at the 90% confidence level, with previously published locations (when compared in a common reference frame), with anthropogenic features from satellite imagery, and with high-resolution elevation data. For four explosions, however, our results indicate that a particular explosion may have been carried out in a different shaft than previously noted, or previously associated features must be ruled out because of their location outside a particular error ellipse. Mislocations of explosions from associated satellite features are less than 1 km for all 13 shaft events. The pattern of tunnel-explosion locations falls within a region of suitable overburden required for containment. Eighteen Lop Nor locations have solution qualities at the GT2 level or better, and are well suited to calibrate IMS stations for the purpose of monitoring compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Manuscript received 4 September 2003.
The organization of afferent projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray of the rat

The retrograde transport technique was utilized in the present study to investigate the afferent projections to the periaqueductal gray of the rat. Iontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase were made into the periaqueductal gray of 22 experimental animals and into regions adjacent to the periaqueductal gray in 6 control animal. Utilization of the retrograde transport method permitted a quantitative analysis of the afferent projections not only to the entire periaqueductal gray, but also to each of its four intrinsic subdivisions. The largest cortical input to this midbrain region arises from areas 24 and 32 in the medial prefrontal cortex. The basal forebrain provides a significant input to the periaqueductal gray and this arises predominantly from the ipsilateral lateral and medial preoptic areas and from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca. The hypothalamus was found to provide the largest descending input to the central gray. Numerous labeled cells occurred in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, the posterior hypothalamic area, the anterior hypothalamic area, the perifornical nucleus and the area of the tuber cinereum. The largest mesencephalic input to the periaqueductal gray arises from the nucleus cuneiformis and the substantia nigra. The periaqueductal gray was found to have numerous intrinsic connections and contained a significant number of labeled cells both above and below the injection site in each case. Other structures containing significant label in the midbrain and isthmus region included the nucleus subcuneiformis, the ventral tegmental area, the locus coeruleus and the parabrachial nuclei. The medullary and pontine reticular reticular formation provide the largest input to the periaqueductal gray from the lower brain stem. The midline raphe magnus and superior central nucleus also supply a significant fiber projection to the central gray. Both the trigeminal complex and the spinal cord provide a minor input to this region of the midbrain. The sources of afferent projections to the periaqueductal gray are extensive and allow this midbrain region to be influenced by motor, sensory and limbic structures. In addition, evidence is provided which indicates that the four subdivisions of the central gray receive differential projections from the brain stem as well as from higher brain structures.
The one-bit noise correlation: a theory based on the concepts of coherent and incoherent noise

Waveforms emerging from correlations of long seismic noise records are extensively used to investigate the crustal and upper-mantle structure of the Earth. To remove the non-stationary events that inevitably lie in seismic records, the so-called one-bit normalization is commonly applied to the noise data. This processing consists of replacing each sample of a record by its sign. Although it is a strong non-linear operation, it preserves the phase of the signal emerging from correlation. Some recent studies show that information can also be extracted from the amplitude of such correlations. In this paper, we develop a theory to understand these non-intuitive results. A statistical approach is used to get an expression of the one-bit noise correlation. This expression involves the standard deviations of coherent and incoherent noise. These two kinds of noise are precisely defined, and explicit expressions of their standard deviations are given in the case of a uniform distribution of noise sources generating surface waves on a layered half-space. In this case, we show that the one-bit noise correlation has the same phase and relative amplitude as the raw noise correlation. This is true in both elastic and anelastic media. Numerical simulations are performed to support our theory.
Electromechanical forces and torque in brushless permanent magnetic machines

An analytical method was developed to calculate the electromechanical forces and torque directly from design parameters in a brushless permanent magnetic machine having surface-mounted magnets and a surface-wound stator. Analytical equations, which are very easily programmable, were derived for both radial and parallel magnetization of the rotor magnets. The accuracy of the model was verified by using finite element analysis. The utility of the model in parametric studies is demonstrated. >