cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blind channel estimation and equalization in wireless sensor networks based on correlations among sensors

In densely deployed wireless sensor networks, signals of adjacent sensors can be highly cross-correlated. This paper proposes to utilize such a property to develop efficient and robust blind channel identification and equalization algorithms. Blind equalization can be performed with complexity as low as O(N/spl tilde/), where N/spl tilde/ is the length of equalizers. Transmissions can be more power and bandwidth efficient in multipath propagation environment, which is especially important for wideband sensor networks such as those for acoustic location or video surveillance. The cross-correlation property of sensor signals and the finite sample effect are analyzed quantitatively to guide the design of low duty-cycle sensor networks. Simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
The effect of induction of anesthesia and intubation on end-expiratory lung level and regional ventilation distribution in cardiac children.

Background: During the induction of anesthesia, changes in functional residual capacity and ventilation distribution (VD) occur. Although these physiological changes are well investigated in adults, little data are available in infants and children.
Cooperative beamforming in multi-source multi-destination relay systems with SINR constraints

The paper investigates linear beamforming techniques in relay networks with multiple independent sources, destinations and relay(s). The goal is to determine the beamforming matrix to minimize the sum transmit power at the relays while meeting signal-to-interference (SINR) requirements at the destinations. Two scenarios are considered: one is the case of single relay with multiple antennas in which the beamforming matrix can be of any form, while the other is the case of distributed single antenna relays, where the beamforming matrix is diagonal. An interference zero-forcing criterion is applied for the design of the beamforming matrix at the relays assuming that perfect channel state information is available. It is shown that the former problem is a constrained least square problem and the latter one can be solved by SemiDefinite Programming (SDP) with relaxation. Simulation results show that the proposed beamforming schemes can reliably support multiple parallel data streams with SINR requirements in multiuser relay systems.
A Hadronic Synchrotron Mirror Model for the “Orphan” TeV Flare in 1ES 1959+650

Very high energy gamma-ray flares of TeV blazars are generally accompanied by simultaneous flaring activity in X-rays. The recent observations by the Whipple collaboration of an "orphan" TeV flare of 1 ES 1959+650 (without a simultaneous X-ray flare) are very difficult to reconcile with the standard leptonic synchrotron self-Compton model, which is routinely very successfully employed to explain the spectral energy distribution and spectral variability of TeV blazars. In this paper an alternative scenario is suggested in which the orphan TeV flare may originate from relativistic protons, interacting with an external photon field supplied by electron synchrotron radiation reflected off a dilute reflector. While the external photons will be virtually "invisible" to the comoving ultrarelativistic electrons in the jet because of Klein-Nishina effects, their Doppler-boosted energy is high enough to excite a Delta-resonance from relativistic protons with Lorentz factors of gamma(sub p) approx. 10(exp 3)-10(exp 4). This model is capable of explaining the orphan TeV flare of 1ES 1959+650 with plausible parameters, thus constraining the number and characteristic energy of relativistic protons in the jet of this blazar.
A Validated Liquid Chromatography–Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Quantification of Methadone, 2-Ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and 2-Ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyroline (EMDP) in Human Breast Milk

This manuscript details a validated liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS-MS) method for the quantification of methadone and its metabolites 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyroline (EMDP) in 0.5 mL human breast milk. Limits of detection were 5 ng/mL for methadone and EDDP, and 10 ng/mL for EMDP. Linearity ranged from 10 to 500 ng/mL for all analytes. Breast milk is a complex biological fluid, necessitating several specimen preparation steps to separate methadone and metabolites from the lipophilic matrix. Recoveries were 66-97% following protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction with minimal matrix effect. Acceptable accuracy (89-101%) and precision (15-20% RSD) were achieved for all analytes. This is the first LC-APCI-MS-MS method for the sensitive and specific detection of methadone, EDDP, and EMDP in human breast milk. The method proved suitable for quantification of methadone and metabolites in breast milk of methadone-maintained opiate-dependent women.
A Note on Isaiah 28:12

A quick glance through the commentaries and translations will show that most scholars see no serious textual problems in Isa 28:12. Laberge has suggested that “he said,” be corrected to “I kept saying,” and everyone notes the extra aleph at the end of “they were (not) willing …,” but otherwise the text appears to be universally regarded as sound. The present writer does not share that optimism, however. Perhaps the following stichometric arrangement of the verse will convey the difficulty he perceives:
Enforcement on a Grand Scale: Fugitive Intelligence and the Literary Tactics of Douglass and Melville

As works which had similarly evoked slave-ship revolt as topics for their prose fictions in the mid-1850s, Douglass's The Heroic Slave and Melville's Benito Cereno, Hole's essay argues, offer noticeably distinct aesthetic, rhetorical, and stylistic presentations of slave rebellion and of conflict itself-that is, conflict as an aesthetic device within narrative as well as the thing being narrated, the manifestation of force between actors aboard the slave ship. Because the enforcement of US law and security by 1850 tended toward something supra-territorial if not transnational in scope and range-in fact, superseding the interests of the national body politic-Douglass and Melville also had to conceptualize how conflict was attendant with this enforcement, how conflict manifested both on a grander scale and in specific instances and intensities. The figure of the fugitive allowed each to theorize, dramatically and imaginatively, a set of relations that reflected their conceptualizations of conflict and strife within their nineteenth-century moment-conceptualizations, too, of US power if we understand this power as an arrangement that makes possible certain orders or types of conflict.
Destabilizing the American Racial Order

Are racial disparities in the United States just as deep-rooted as they were before the 2008 presidential election, largely eliminated, or persistent but on the decline? One can easily find all of these pronouncements; rather than trying to adjudicate among them, this essay seeks to identify what is changing in the American racial order, what persists or is becoming even more entrenched, and what is likely to affect the balance between change and continuity. The authors focus on young American adults, who were raised in a distinctive racial context and who think about and practice race differently than their older counterparts. For many young Americans, racial attitudes are converging across groups and social networks are becoming more intertwined. Most important, although group-based hierarchy has not disappeared, race or ethnicity does less to predict a young adult's life chances than ever before in American history.
DoCQS: a prototype system for supporting data-oriented content query

Witnessing the richness of data in document content and many ad-hoc efforts for finding such data, we propose a Data-oriented Content Query System(DoCQS), which is oriented towards fine granularity data of all types by searching directly into document content. DoCQS uses the relational model as the underlying data model, and offers a powerful and flexible Content Query Language(CQL) to adapt to diverse query demands. In this demonstration, we show how to model various search tasks by CQL statements, and how the system architecture efficiently supports the CQL execution. Our online demo of the system is available at http://wisdm.cs.uiuc.edu/demos/docqs/.
Grid dispersion and stability criteria of some common finite-element methods for acoustic and elastic wave equations

Purely numerical methods based on finite-element approximation of the acoustic or elastic wave equation are becoming increasingly popular for the generation of synthetic seismograms. We present formulas for the grid dispersion and stability criteria for some popular finite-element methods (FEM) for wave propagation, namely, classical and spectral FEM. We develop an approach based on a generalized eigenvalue formulation to analyze the dispersive behavior of these FEMs for acoustic or elastic wave propagation that overcomes difficulties caused by irregular node spacing within the element and the use of high-order polynomials, as is the case for spectral FEM. Analysis reveals that for spectral FEM of order four or greater, dispersion is less than 0.2% at four to five nodes per wavelength, and dispersion is not angle dependent. New results can be compared with grid-dispersion results of some classical finite-difference methods (FDM) used for acoustic or elastic wave propagation. Analysis reveals that FDM and classical FEM require a larger sampling ratio than a spectral FEM to obtain results with the same degree of accuracy. The staggered-grid FDM is an efficient scheme, but the dispersion is angle dependent with larger values along the grid axes. On the other hand, spectral FEM of order four or greater is isotropic with small dispersion, making it attractive for simulations with long propagation times.
Fetal heart rate changes after intrathecal sufentanil or epidural bupivicaine for labor analgesia : Incidence and clinical significance

The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of intrapartum fetal heart tracing (FHT) abnormalities and the obstetric outcome after intrathecal sufentanil (ITS) versus epidural bupivacaine (EB). During the period from April to September 1994, 129 patients who met inclusion criteria were prospectively identified during labor at a single university-affiliated hospital. Inclusion criteria included: singleton, gestational age > or = 36 wk, and cephalic presentation. In the ITS group, epidural anesthesia was not administered before 60 min after ITS. Sixty-five consecutive ITS patients were compared to 64 consecutive EB patients. Each FHT was reviewed independently by two obstetricians blinded to the type of analgesia. The FHT characteristics evaluated included baseline rate, variability, and periodic changes. No differences in the incidence of clinically significant FHT abnormalities (recurrent late decelerations and/or bradycardia) were observed between the two groups (ITS 21.5% versus EB 23.4%). The rates of clinically significant FHT abnormalities in both groups was not different when patients with hypotension and medical complications were excluded (16.9% vs 17.1%). In addition, equal rates of hypotension (18.5% vs 17.2%) were noted between the groups. In both groups there was a significantly higher risk of cesarean section in patients whose previously normal FHT became abnormal postanalgesia when compared to patients without a new onset FHT abnormality (ITS 28.6% [4/14] versus 2.0% [1/51], P < 0.01; EB 33.3% [5/15] versus 8.2% [4/49], P < 0.05). This increased risk was associated with an increase in cesarean section for nonreassuring FHT in both groups (ITS 14.3% [2/14] versus 0% [0/51], P = 0.04; EB 13.3% [2/15] versus 0% [0/49], P = 0.05). These results support the conclusion that the incidence of clinically significant FHT abnormalities and hypotension is equivalent in patients receiving ITS when compared to EB within the first hour of administration. During this period, patients should have continuous FHT monitoring since a new onset FHT abnormality unveils and alerts the physicians to a possible compromised fetal condition and a corresponding increased risk of cesarean section.
Variation in the human TAS1R taste receptor genes

We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the human TAS1R gene family, which encodes receptors for sweet and umami tastes. Complete DNA sequences of TAS1R1-, TAS1R2-, and TAS1R3-coding regions, obtained from 88 individuals of African, Asian, European, and Native American origin, revealed substantial coding and noncoding diversity: polymorphisms are common in these genes, and polymorphic sites and SNP frequencies vary widely in human populations. The genes TAS1R1 and TAS1R3, which encode proteins that act as a dimer to form the umami (glutamate) taste receptor, showed less variation than the TAS1R2 gene, which acts as a dimer with TAS1R3 to form the sweet taste receptor. The TAS1R3 gene, which encodes a subunit common to both the sweet and umami receptors, was the most conserved. Evolutionary genetic analysis indicates that these variants have come to their current frequencies under natural selection during population growth and support the view that the coding sequence variants affect receptor function. We propose that human populations likely vary little with respect to umami perception, which is controlled by one major form of the receptor that is optimized for detecting glutamate but may vary much more with respect to sweet perception.
Epidemiology and clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with pelvic inflammatory disease complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcome and characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) with PID without TOA.
A structural equation model of the developmental origins of blood pressure

Conclusions These results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal height and AFA impact fetal development in a manner that is positively associated with fetal growth (as reflected by BW) and inversely associated with SBP in young adulthood.
Effects of fuel prices on air transportation performance at New York and San Francisco airports

Industry strategists, government regulators, and the media have focused on addressing concerns over the performance of the air transportation system with respect to delays. One of the strategies proposed has been to limit the scheduled operations at an airport to a priori feasible capacity limits. This approach has been criticized on the basis that it would reduce the number of markets served and increase airfares.
Acid rock drainage and climate change

Abstract Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry spells and sudden large increases are observed during the rising limb of the discharge following dry spells (first flush). By the time the discharge peak has occurred, concentrations are usually decreased, often to levels below those of pre-storm conditions and then they slowly rise again during the next dry spell. These dynamic changes in concentrations and loadings are related to the dissolution of soluble salts and the flushing out of waters that were concentrated by evaporation. The underlying processes, pyrite oxidation and host rock dissolution, do not end until the pyrite is fully weathered, which can take hundreds to thousands of years. These observations can be generalized to predict future conditions caused by droughts related to El Nino and climate change associated with global warming. Already, the time period for dry summers is lengthening in the western US and rainstorms are further apart and more intense when they happen. Consequently, flushing of inactive or active mine sites and mineralized but unmined sites will cause larger sudden increases in concentrations that will be an ever increasing danger to aquatic life with climate change. Higher average concentrations will be observed during longer low-flow periods. Remediation efforts will have to increase the capacity of engineered designs to deal with more extreme conditions, not average conditions of previous years.
Prediction of Pavement Remaining Life

The evaluation of remaining life is necessary to make optimal use of the structural capacity of in-service pavements. It simply represents the useful life left in the pavement until a failure condition is reached. Knowledge of remaining life facilitates decision making in regard to strategies for reconstruction-rehabilitation of roads, thereby leading to the efficient use of existing resources. Several methods proposed or used by various agencies to estimate the remaining lives of pavements are reviewed. They are classified under two categories: functional and structural. Making use of the Mississippi Department of Transportation pavement management system data base, survivor curves are developed for seven classes of flexible pavements with from thin to thick structures. By using these survivor curves a novel method for estimating remaining life is proposed. The reasonableness of the selected methods is examined by putting them to use in calculating the remaining lives of each of eight rigid and flexible ...
Rare Extra-Pair Copulation in Downy Woodpeckers

Abstract Extra-pair copulation (EPC) behavior is widespread among birds in general, but rarely has been documented among members of the Woodpecker family. Here I report on an EPC observed between a nesting female Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) and a neighboring male for whom no nest was found. Behavioral observations aided by radio telemetry showed that the female had interacted with both her nesting partner and the extra-pair male on a regular basis in preceding months. This is only the second published account of an EPC in this species within the last 50 years. The circumstances and rarity of the behavior as shown by woodpeckers may lead to a better understanding of its evolutionary function among birds.
Traceable calibrations of Rogowski coils at high AC currents

What is now commonly known as the Rogowski coil was first presented in 1887 by A.P. Chattock as a winding that was evenly placed on a flexible solid piece of India rubber with a constant cross-section [1]. It was intended for the measurement of magnetic potential, and thus called magnetic potentiometer, but it was recognized from the start that the voltage at its output could be used to measure time-varying current when the winding forms a closed loop around a current-carrying conductor. In his succinct paper, A. P. Chattock covered apparently everything that was necessary: the theory of operation, a method of precision manufacturing by means of a lathe, and calibration by means of mechanically switched dc currents, long before the power electronics evolved and evaluated its measurement error which was about 1%. However, the widespread name of this device, Rogowski coil, became associated with W. Rogowski who co-authored a widely cited paper on the same device some twenty-five years later [2]. The Chattock-Rogowski coil can be described as a conductive helical coil wound on a non-magnetic core encompassing the (primary) conductor carrying the current that is to be measured, as Fig. 1 shows. The coil output (secondary) is usually voltage, but it can also be current, in which case it is an air-core counterpart of the magnetic-core current transformer. For over one century after its inception, the essence of the Chattock-Rogowski coil remained the same but the technology of its manufacturing, the materials used, and the number of its applications have expanded tremendously [3]. The Chattock- Rogowski coil is a very versatile device used primarily for the measurement of ac steady-state, impulse [4], transient [5], and pulsed [6] currents. The currents that can be measured range from a milliampere to over 10 MA, and operating frequencies range from fractions of a hertz to over a gigahertz. They are used extensively in the electric power industry by electric utilities and electrical equipment manufacturers for switchgear, metering, and protective relaying [7] in substations, on-site calibrations of current transformers [8], and measurements for hydropower plant efficiency testing [9]. They are also used in the steel industry for monitoring and control of electric arc furnaces, in the automotive industry for monitoring and control of current in resistance welding, in military applications, and in testing, calibration, and research laboratories, e.g., for measuring plasma currents in nuclear fusion research and measuring beam currents in particle accelerators.
Paratanais waltsikorai, a New Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidomorpha: Paratanaidae) from Bermuda

Abstract Paratanais waltsikorai sp. nov. is described from specimens collected from shallow-water habitats in Bermuda. It represents the second species of the tanaidacean genus to be named from the northwest Atlantic. It is distinguished from the other species of Paratanais by a combination of characters, including the distinctive shape and setation of antennal articles 2 and 3.
Real estate development in anticipation of the Green Line light rail transit in St. Paul

Abstract Although previous studies have extensively explored the impacts of rail transit on economic development after its opening, few have examined its impact on real estate development before its opening. Using the building permit data of the city of St. Paul, this study investigates the effects of key announcements of the Green Line light rail transit (LRT) by employing location quotient analysis and difference-in-difference models to compare building activity in the LRT corridor and control corridors. We found that the announcement of preliminary engineering had no positive impacts on the count and value of building permits whereas the announcement of Full Funding Grant Agreement tended to increase the number of building permit by about 24% and the value by 80%. We concluded that LRT investment, in conjunction with proactive land use planning policies, public subsidies and public funded projects, increases building activity.
Posterior property of Student-t linear regression model using objective priors

Abstract We derive objective priors for linear model with independent Student- t errors with unknown degrees of freedom v . It is shown that most of them preclude the existence of a proper posterior distribution unless we are willing to truncate the possible values of v a priori.
The pediatrician as advocate.

Pediatricians’ success in the role of advocate can be associated with fewer injuries to children. The authors emphasize the importance of pediatrician advocacy for injury prevention, including preventive health maintenance, education, community organization, professional education, development of emergency medical services, and legislation and regulation.
Practical Laboratory Tests for Food Microbiology

Microbiologic testing of foods is an increasingly important aspect of microbiology. Food microbiology focuses on two techniques—enumeration of bacteria as a measure of quality and detection of specific microorganisms as a measure of foodborne disease hazard. Enumeration testing usually is by means of direct culturing, using both nonselective and selective media. Detection testing often involves the use of enrichment cultures to enhance the growth of microorganisms that are present in very small numbers or that have fastidious growth requirements. This process is followed by subculture and identification by biochemical tests, immunologic tests, or both. Viruses are more difficult to detect in food than are bacteria because viruses require living cells for propagation and serologic, electron microscopic, or molecular biologic tests for identification. This is the final article in a four-part continuing education series on microbiology. Other articles focused on public health laboratories, veterinary microbiology, and yeast involved in bread-making.
Dielectrophoretic Force-Induced Assembly Technique for the Fabrication of 2D Colloidal Photonic Crystals

Dielectrophoretic force-induced assembly technique was used to achieve close-packed 2D colloidal photonic crystals on parallel plate gold electrodes. These gold electrodes were patterned using conventional UV photolithography technique. The width and length of the parallel plates were 280 μm and 3 mm, respectively. The experimental tests conducted with 5.3 μm carboxyl functionalized polystyrene (PS) particles at various AC voltages, frequencies and particle concentrations showed that colloidal photonic crystals were fabricated on the ground electrode, instead of the working electrode, which may be attributed to the electro-osmotic flow and dipole-dipole attractions between the colloidal particles. It is concluded that this study provides promising results for the 2D colloidal photonic fabrication for the photonic industry.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Large ore-concentrated area of uranium deposits and uranium metellogeny

The formation of large ore concentated are results from the anomalous concentration of multi mineral resources and large amount of ore materials during the process of geologic evolution history. Different ore concentrated areas are characterized by different typical mineral resources and typical ore deposits. This paper, taking uranium deposit as on example, recognizes 14 large ore concentrated areas of uranium deposit in the world, and studies the time space constraints of large ore concentrated areas of uranium deposits and their relation with geodynamic evolution, and on the above basis, discusses the unusual concentration of ore elements in large ore concentrated areas of uranium deposits, as well as proposes the characteristics of “unusual concentration in certain points and areas” and “explosion metallogeny in a short period of time” of multiple mineral resources. According to the three basic “links”, i.e. “source, transportation and precipitation”, this paper proposes the metallogeny of large ore concentrated areas of uranium deposits. Of them, the study on the deep source metallogeny, water rock intereaction of special alkaline fluid and precipitation environment has made a fundation for the establishment of prospecting model of large uranium ore concentration arcas.
Recognition and Empirical Research on Key Influencing Factors in Low-carbon Development of Logistics Enterprises

Through correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis,it finds that environmental values are significantly associated with low-carbon logistics,the environmental behavior of low-carbon investment is significantly affected by situational factors such as social norms,so low-carbon investment is mainly pushed by external force. Yet the corporate personality factors such as low-carbon behavior capacity are the driving factors of environmental behaviors of low-carbon operation which is driven by internal power. The environmental propaganda should be strengthened to establish the environmental value orientation,play an active role of policies and regulations in low-carbon logistics and continue to improve the enterprise's ability and willingness in low-carbon environment.
Dynamic monitoring of respiratory mechanics in neonatal respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation and its clinical significance

Objective To explore the characteristics of respiratory mechanics in neonatal respiratory failure with ventilation and its clinical significance.Methods We measured the indixes of respiratory mechanics and blood gas in 46 neonatal respiratory failure with ventilation.Results The indixes of respiratory mechanics in 46 neonatal respiratory failure with ventilation showed: The compliances of two groups were arised with recovering[(0.36±0.20)ml/(cmH_2O·kg) vs(55±0.1)ml/(cmH_2O·kg),(0.33±0.2)ml/(cmH_2O·kg) vs (0.43±0.1)ml/(cmH_2O·kg)] and correclated with severity and complication.The compliances negatively corrlalated with oxygenated index(r=-0.615) and correlated with MV(r=0.618).Conclusion Respiratory mechanics dynamic monitoring is beneficial in evaluating the severity of respiratory failure and complications,guiding mechanical ventilation management.
O-56 “I don’t want to make my own decisions”: Decision control preferences among diverse older adults, advance care planning, and satisfaction with communication

Background Culturally diverse older adults may prefer varying control over medical decisions. Decision control preferences (DCPs) may profoundly affect decision making and communication. Aim To determine the DCPs of diverse, older adults and whether DCPs are associated with participant characteristics, advance care planning (ACP), and communication satisfaction. Methods 146 participants were recruited from clinics and senior centres in San Francisco. We assessed DCPs using the Control Preference Scale: doctor makes all decisions (low), shares with doctor (medium), makes own decisions (high). We assessed associations between DCPs and demographics; prior advance directives; ability to make in-the-moment goals-of-care decisions; prior asked questions, self-efficacy, and readiness; and satisfaction with patient-doctor communication (5-pt Likert) using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Results Mean age was 71 ± 10 years, 53% were non-white, 47% completed an advance directive, and 70% made goals-of-care decisions. 18% had low DCPs, 33% medium, and 49% high. Older age was the only characteristic associated with DCPs (low: 75 years ±11, medium: 69 ± 10, high: 70 ± 9, p = 0.003). DCPs were not associated with ACP, in-the-moment decisions, or communication satisfaction. Readiness was the only question-asking behaviour associated (low: 3.8 ± 1.2, medium: 4.1 ± 1.2, high: 4.3 ± 1.2, p = 0.05). Discussion Nearly 1/5 of diverse, older adults want doctors to make their medical decisions. Low DCPs were associated with older age and lower readiness to ask questions, but not race/ethnicity. Yet, older adults with low DCPs still engaged in ACP, asked questions, and reported communication satisfaction. Conclusion Regardless of DCPs, clinicians can encourage ACP and questions, but need to assess DCPs to provide the desired amount of decision support.
Using Service Learning to Engage American Indian Students in Engineering

Service learning opportunities in engineering education are growing. The most notable examples include the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICs) program, which now has 17 participating universities around the world, and Engineers Without Borders (EWB), which boasts over 200 chapters working on 170 projects in 41 countries associated with engineering programs. Service learning experiences can enrich the education of all students, but have the potential of being especially valuable for women and under-represented minority students in engineering. The Service in Engineering for Reservations Via Education (SERVE) program at Montana State University, funded by the U.S. Department of Education, is designed to enhance successful programs we have in place to recruit, retain, and graduate American Indians in engineering, engineering technology, and computer science degree programs. Most of these successful programs were developed under the broader Designing Our Community program. With SERVE, we are leveraging our initial success with the Designing Our Community seminar for American Indian students by implementing a service learning component in the course. This service learning component gives students an opportunity to help solve a real-world problem with a community or service provider early in their engineering degree program. Early evaluation of our SERVE efforts provides evidence that a service learning experience for American Indian engineering students is contributing to progress toward our goals of recruitment, retention, and professional development for these students. American Indian students successfully completing a service learning course in 2008 persisted at a greater percentage (82%) than those students that did not take a course (71%). Persistence for our study is measured from Fall to Fall enrollment. In the future, engineering student visits to the various reservation communities could strengthen the relationships we are building with these communities. The service learning experience enhances student understanding of the real world value of engineering and how they could use their education to solve societal problems, including those on the reservations. Finally, working with people from the community on solving a problem gives students a better idea of what engineers do, and thus contributes to our goal of providing professional development opportunities for American Indian students.
Do constitutions guarantee equal rights across socioeconomic status? A half century of change in the world’s constitutions

For those disadvantaged by bias and barriers based on socioeconomic status (SES), constitutions can provide a defense against discrimination and a foundation for greater equality in social, economic, and political life. In light of the near-global commitment to a multi-dimensional poverty reduction agenda and the increased inclusion of marginalized groups in constitution-drafting processes, this article examines how 193 constitutions address SES and how this has changed over time. The majority of constitutions guarantee equal access to primary education across SES (59%) and prohibit discrimination on this basis (58%). Fewer guarantee access to healthcare (20%), equal rights in employment (15%), eligibility for legislative office (4%), and voting rights (4%) across SES. Constitutions adopted after 1990 are considerably more likely to protect equal rights across SES than older ones. However, 25% of constitutions – including 17% of those adopted since 1990 – restrict political participation based on socioeco...
Evaluation of Myocardial Strain in Patients With Amyloidosis Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking.

Abstract Purpose To study the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking technique in evaluation of myocardial amyloidosis. Materials and Methods CMR scans of 28 patients with biopsy proven myocardial amyloidosis and 35 controls were reviewed. Conventional short axis, vertical long axis, and 4-chamber cine steady-state free precession images from CMR scans were used to generate radial, circumferential, and longitudinal myocardial strain maps using feature tracking software. Global and regional peak radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain values were computed. Results There were significant decreases in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains in patients with myocardial amyloidosis globally and across layers (all P Conclusion Myocardial amyloidosis produces significant changes in regional and global strain parameters, and the peak radial and circumferential strain are the most affected at the basal layer.
Role of Platelet-Derived Tgfβ1 in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: Transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfβ1) plays an important role in cancer. Most of Tgfβ1 in plasma is from platelets; thus, we studied whether platelet Tgfβ1 has any role in the progression of ovarian cancer, and whether this role is limited to metastasis or also involves the growth of primary tumors.Experimental Design: We compared the growth of murine ovarian cancer cell-induced tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Using resected tumor nodules, we studied the effect of platelet Tgfβ1 on neoangiogenesis and on platelet extravasation into tumors. To investigate the effect of Tgfβ1 at different stages of ovarian cancer, we reduced expression of Tgfβ1 receptor (its TgfβR1 component) in tumors at different time points after injection of cancer cells, and compared the final tumor size.Results: Lack of platelet Tgfβ1 in mice reduced tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, and platelet extravasation. Ovarian cancer tumors in platelet-specific Tgfβ1-deficient mice reached less than half of their size in wild-type littermates. Knockdown of TgfβR1 on cancer cells in the first 2 weeks after their injection reduced tumor growth, but was less effective if initiated after 3 weeks.Conclusions: We showed that platelet Tgfβ1 increased the growth of primary tumors in murine models of ovarian cancer. We also showed that inhibition of TgfβR1 is more effective in reducing the growth of ovarian cancer if initiated earlier. Our results supported a therapeutic benefit in preventing platelet activation, degranulation, and release of Tgfβ1 in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5611-21. ©2017 AACR.
Exploration of the central dogma at the interface of chemistry and biology: 2010 Yale Chemical Biology Symposium.

Ever since the term “central dogma” was coined in 1958, researchers have sought to control information flow from nucleic acids to proteins. Talks delivered by Drs. Anna Pyle and Hiroaki Suga at this year’s Chemical Biology Symposium at Yale in May 2010 applauded recent advances in this area, at the interface between chemistry and biology.
Relationships between Delusions and Hallucinations in Brain Disease

In patients with traumatic, neoplastic and vascular diseases of the brain, there are certain reciprocal relationships between delusions and hallucinations. These will be taken up in their clinical-pathological and conceptual and symbolic aspects.
E-fuels – a central module for future engine design?

The ongoing development of the future spark-ignition internal combustion engine mainly focusses on a more efficient combustion process in combination with a further reduction of pollutant emissions to meet worldwide standards and customer demands. Conceivable measures of engine design are mainly associated with CO2 emissions, costs and the complexity of the measures. A supplement to engine design measures is the use of e-fuels. With e-fuels it is possible to optimize fuel properties for increased engine efficiency and reduced raw emissions across the entire engine map and improve CO2 reduction regarding a ‘well-to-wheel’ system.
“Racing for Innocence”: Whiteness, Corporate Culture, and the Backlash Against Affirmative Action

This paper argues that “racing for innocence” is a discursive practice which functions simultaneously to disavow accountability for racist practices at the same time that everyday racism is practiced. Drawing from both fieldwork and interviews in a corporate legal department over two different time periods (in 1988–89 and in 1999), I explore the meaning and consequence of this “race” in my interviews with white and African-American lawyers. Further, I follow the trajectory of one African-American lawyer, Randall Kingsley, and tell his story along with the stories constructed by the white men who still work there about Randall's departure from the company. I do so to make an argument about why these white men, by virtue of their social location, cannot see how they contributed to the unfriendly climate that forced Randall out of the department. Further, I argue it is through such everyday practices that whiteness is reproduced as a structural relationship of inequality in workplaces.
The roles of experience and reflection in ambulatory care education

While ambulatory care education typically does not provide much direct instruction, supervision, or feedback, experiential learning occurs. Using experiential learning theory, the authors describe how this process of learning works. the process is characterized by a cycle of having a concrete experience (e.g., an encounter with a patient), reflecting on that experience as it unfolds, formulating conceptualizations and generalizations from the experience, and testing those generalizations and concepts in other situations. With this model in mind, the authors make four recommendations for improving ambulatory care education for both medical students and residents: (1) plan for experiences in carefully selected ambulatory care settings; (2) facilitate reflective observation; (3) encourage conceptual thinking and inquiry; and (4) promote feedback and testing of insights from experiences. The authors discuss the rationale behind each recommendation and offer guidelines for how each might be implemented.
Stability of Ferrihydrite–Humic Acid Coprecipitates under Iron-Reducing Conditions

Recent studies have suggested the potential for release of iron (hydr)oxide-bound organic carbon (OC) during dissimilatory iron oxide reduction (DIR). However, the stability of iron (hydr)oxide-bou...
Prediction of strain distribution and four, six, or eight ears depending on single-crystal orientation using a new single crystal criterion

Significant progress has been achieved on modeling the influence of plastic anisotropy on forming of polycrystalline metal sheets. In contrast, the effect of crystal orientation on forming of single-crystal sheets has been largely unexplored. In this paper, using a recently developed single crystal criterion, it is shown that the single-crystal orientation has a very strong influence on forming. Results of F.E. simulations of cup drawing and hole expansion are reported. The same set of values of the anisotropy coefficients, which correspond to Al single crystal (with 5% Cu) is used in all simulations. It is predicted that for the {100}〈001〉 orientation four ears develop whereas for the $$ \left\{111\right\}\left\langle 1\overline{1}0\right\rangle $$ and $$ \left\{122\right\}\left\langle 1\overline{1}0\right\rangle $$ crystal orientations six, and eight ears form. Moreover, correlations between the location of the ears and the variation of the Lankford coefficients in the plane of the respective single-crystal sheets are established. F.E. analysis of hole expansion also show a strong influence of crystal orientation on the distribution of thickness strains and strain localization.
Optical investigation of mixing-controlled combustion using a novel transgenic plant oil

Abstract Fuels derived from plant oils hold promise as alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels due to their renewable production strategies, and potential to reduce net carbon emissions. Due to their high viscosity and cloud point, and low volatility however, direct use of plant oils in engines, without transesterification, poses a challenge. Recently, genetic modification has been used to alter plant lipid biosynthesis, producing novel oils that may overcome some of these challenges. In this study, 3-acetyl-1, 2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (Ac-TAG), extracted from a strain of transgenic Camelina Sativa, was studied in an optically-accessible diesel engine. Simultaneous high-speed shadowgraphy and OH* chemiluminescence imaging data were collected to obtain measurements of jet development, liquid penetration, ignition location, and flame liftoff length. A conventional diesel fuel and untransformed neat camelina oil were run at the same conditions as the Ac-TAG fuel for comparison. Even though the Ac-TAG fuel had significantly lower viscosity than the neat camelina oil, no significant differences were observed between Ac-TAG and neat camelina oil in any of the quantities studied. Relative to diesel, the biofuels had greater liquid penetration, shorter liftoff lengths and ignition delay, and consistently ignited farther upstream.
An Ankle-Foot Prosthesis Emulator Capable of Modulating Center of Pressure

Objective: Several powered ankle-foot prostheses have demonstrated moderate reductions in energy expenditure by restoring pushoff work in late stance or by assisting with balance. However, it is possible that center of pressure trajectory modulation could provide even further improvements in user performance. Here, we describe the design of a prosthesis emulator with two torque-controlled forefoot digits and a torque-controlled heel digit. Independent actuation of these three digits can modulate the origin and magnitude of the total ground reaction force vector. Methods: The emulator was designed to be compact and lightweight while exceeding the range of motion and torque requirements of the biological ankle during walking. We ran a series of tests to determine torque-measurement accuracy, closed-loop torque control bandwidth, torque-tracking error, and center of pressure control accuracy. Results: Each of the three digits demonstrated less than 2 Nm of RMS torque measurement error, a 90% rise time of 19 ms, and a bandwidth of 33 Hz. The untethered end-effector has a mass of 1.2 kg. During walking trials, the emulator demonstrated less than 2 Nm of RMS torque-tracking error and was able to maintain full digit ground contact for 56% of stance. In fixed, standing, and walking conditions, the emulator was able to control center of pressure along a prescribed pattern with RMS errors of about 10% the length of the pattern. Conclusion: The proposed emulator system meets all design criteria and can effectively modulate center of pressure and ground reaction force magnitude. Significance: This emulator system will enable rapid development of controllers designed to enhance user balance and reduce user energy expenditure. Experiments conducted using this emulator could identify beneficial control behaviors that can be implemented on autonomous devices, thus improving mobility and quality of life of individuals with amputation.
Low Gilbert Damping Constant in Perpendicularly Magnetized W/CoFeB/MgO Films with High Thermal Stability.

Perpendicular magnetic materials with low damping constant and high thermal stability have great potential for realizing high-density, non-volatile, and low-power consumption spintronic devices, which can sustain operation reliability for high processing temperatures. In this work, we study the Gilbert damping constant (α) of perpendicularly magnetized W/CoFeB/MgO films with a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and superb thermal stability. The α of these PMA films annealed at different temperatures (Tann) is determined via an all-optical Time-Resolved Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect method. We find that α of these W/CoFeB/MgO PMA films decreases with increasing Tann, reaches a minimum of α = 0.015 at Tann = 350 °C, and then increases to 0.020 after post-annealing at 400 °C. The minimum α observed at 350 °C is rationalized by two competing effects as Tann becomes higher: the enhanced crystallization of CoFeB and dead-layer growth occurring at the two interfaces of the CoFeB layer. We further demonstrate that α of the 400 °C-annealed W/CoFeB/MgO film is comparable to that of a reference Ta/CoFeB/MgO PMA film annealed at 300 °C, justifying the enhanced thermal stability of the W-seeded CoFeB films.
Renormalization-group approach to the normal phase of two-dimensional Fermi gases

We present results on the effect of short-range, attractive interactions on the properties of balanced 2D Fermi gases in the non-superfluid (normal) phase. Our approach combines the renormalization group (RG) with perturbation theory, yielding observables such as the equation of state and compressibility. We find good agreement with recent experiments that measured the equation of state in trapped gases in the balanced regime, showing that these results are consistent with logarithmic corrections in the equation of state.