cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary: caring for the psychosocial needs of children: from advocacy to structural change.

The work of Stein and colleagues 1 based on an analysis of the 59th American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Periodic Survey suggests that approximately 90% of pediatricians accept the professional responsibility of identifying children with 7 conditions: attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eating disorders, child and adolescent depression, substance abuse, behavior problems, anxiety, and learning disabilities. The demographic mix of the sample of physicians answering the survey seemed reasonable, with possibly an over-representation of those who had some additional specialized mental health training experiences. Although 70% felt they should treat/ manage ADHD, only approximately 25% felt they should treat/manage any of the other quite common diagnoses, instead indicating they would choose to refer. These results suggest 3 key questions: 1. If 90% believe they should identify and refer, why is the rate of identification within pediatric primary care approximately 20%? 2–6 Part of the answer is that pediatricians have not adopted an approach to psychosocial screening that parallels the measurement methods applied to height, weight, and other office screening procedures. A number of screening questionnaires exist—from the brief Pediatric Symptom Checklist 7,8 to the longer, more thorough Child Behavior Checklist. 9 For young children, there are also well-validated screening tests for autism, 10 and for adolescents, tests to recognize depression 11 and substance abuse. 12 In most primary care settings, pediatricians recognize psychosocial issues based on observation, 1 or 2 questions, or parental complaint. The result is a level of recognition that is low, unsystematic, and often delayed. The 2 major obstacles to a system of screening are a lack of reimbursement and concern about finding places to refer for services. We pay for what we value, and some would say that if the marketplace does not bid on an item (a house) or pay for a service (a pediatrician’s professional time), it is de facto worthless. Further, the mental health services that would follow positive screening, including pediatric management, are poorly reimbursed, if at all. We would not accept the current identification and referral rate for any other ‘‘real’’ illness. Imagine if the same results reported by Stein and colleagues 1 applied to children with diabetes or asthma: low recognition, reluctance to treat, and a 1 in 5 recognition rate. Rather than complacency, we would launch an urgent national effort based on quality and safety. 2. If approximately 80% of pediatricians said they should refer identified children, why is the referral rate from
Protein secondary-shell interactions enhance the photoinduced hydrogen production of cobalt protoporphyrin IX

Hydrogen is an attractive fuel with potential for production scalability, provided that inexpensive, efficient molecular catalysts utilizing base metals can be developed for hydrogen production. Here we show for the first time that cobalt myoglobin (CoMyo) catalyzes hydrogen production in mild aerobic conditions with turnover number of 520 over 8 hours. Compared to free Co-protoporphyrin IX, incorporation into the myoglobin scaffold results in a 4-fold increase in photoinduced hydrogen production activity. Engineered variants in which specific histidine resides in proximity of the active site were mutated to alanine result in modulation of the catalytic activity, with the H64A/H97A mutant displaying activity 2.5-fold higher than wild type. Our results demonstrate that protein scaffolds can augment and modulate the intrinsic catalytic activity of molecular hydrogen production catalysts.
Simulating the all-order strong coupling expansion I: Ising model demo

Abstract We investigate in some detail an alternative simulation strategy for lattice field theory based on the so-called worm algorithm introduced by Prokof'ev and Svistunov in 2001. It amounts to stochastically simulating the strong coupling expansion rather than the usual configuration sum. A detailed error analysis and an important generalization of the method are exemplified here in the simple Ising model. It allows for estimates of the two point function where in spite of exponential decay the signal to noise ratio does not degrade at large separation. Critical slowing down is practically absent. In the outlook some thoughts on the general applicability of the method are offered.
Passivation of ferroelectric PZT capacitors using spin-on-glass

Abstract Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) capacitors were built and tested. The devices consist of a monolithic Pt back electrode, ferroelectric PZT film deposited by the sol-gel method, a patterned Pt top electrode, and a Spin-On-Glass (SOG) passivation layer to protect as well as aid in flip chip bonding. Two commercial SOG solutions are used and compared in this paper, a phosphosilicate and a methylsiloxane. This paper attempts to isolate the effects of the SOG layer and the additional processing steps on the final electrical properties of the FE capacitor. Electrical testing was done by using virtual ground mode, pulsed polarization reversal, to obtain the electrical behavior. The effect of moisture adsorption on the final electrical properties of the ferroelectric capacitors was also investigated. To achieve this end, several experiments were run, isolating the SOG processing steps, comparing the remanent polarization before and after each of the processing steps.
Comparison of commercial reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic columns for the separation of benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide-nucliec acid adducts

The separation of benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide-nuicleoside and deoxynucleoside adducts on μ-Bondapak C18, Radial-Pak C18, Partisil ODS-2, Micropak MCH-5 Zorbax ODS and Ultrasphere ODS high-performance liquid chromatographic columns has been compared under identical solvent conditions. The nucleoside and deoxy-nucleoside adducts were obtained by chemical and enzymatic digestion of the nucleic acid products of the reactions of benzo[a] pyrene diolepoxides with polyguanylic acid and DNA. Significant differences in separation were observed with the columns tested which could not be correlated with particle size, carbon content, surface area, or surface coverage. Baseline separation of eight diolepoxide-guanosine adducts was obtained on the Ultraphere ODS column. The separation of the diolepoxide- deoxynucleoside adducts on the Ultrasphere ODS column suggests that it will be useful in identifying new benzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts.
CDC's Approach to Educating Coaches about Sports-Related Concussion.

Sports-related concussions can happen to any athlete in any sport. Each year in the United States, an estimated 1.6-3.8 million sports and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur, ...
Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Global 3-D Model Analysis Including Evaluation of Arctic Sources

We use the global 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to simulate long-range atmospheric transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To evaluate the model’s ability to simulate PAHs with different volatilities, we conduct analyses for phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). GEOS-Chem captures observed seasonal trends with no statistically significant difference between simulated and measured mean annual concentrations. GEOS-Chem also captures variability in observed concentrations at nonurban sites (r = 0.64, 0.72, and 0.74, for PHE, PYR, and BaP). Sensitivity simulations suggest snow/ice scavenging is important for gas-phase PAHs, and on-particle oxidation and temperature-dependency of gas-particle partitioning have greater effects on transport than irreversible partitioning or increased particle concentrations. GEOS-Chem estimates mean atmospheric lifetimes of <1 day for all three PAHs. Though corresponding half-lives are lower than the 2-day screening criterion for inte...
Unraveling the hydrophobic effect, one molecule at a time.

Hydrophobicity operates over many scales, from the demixing of oil and water at the macroscopic scale to the folding of proteins in water at the molecular scale. The physics governing hydrophobicity at the two length scales are, however, fundamentally different (1). The hydration of large solutes is governed by surface tension, which favors lower surface area and causes oil drops to coalesce. The surface tension decreases monotonically with increasing temperature, and so does the driving force for coalescence. In contrast, at the microscopic scale, hydrophobic effects vary nonmonotonically, typically becoming stronger and reaching a maximum before decreasing with increasing temperature (e.g., folded proteins can be denatured both by heating and cooling, which implies a maximum in stability as a function of temperature). Theory and simulations predict that the crossover from the molecular to the macroscopic regime occurs at a length scale of the order of 1 nm (1). Because the relevant length scales in proteins range from subnanometer (for side chains exposed in their unfolded states) to several nanometers (in their folded states), understanding of hydration in the crossover region is important for estimating the hydrophobic driving forces in protein folding. Experimental measurements on hydrophobicity in this region have been elusive until now. In PNAS, Li and Walker (2) use single-molecule force spectroscopy of hydrophobic polymers to provide an experimental window into the crossover region.
The gendering of Asian Indian transnationalism on the Internet

Online activities offer immigrants an important way to maintain and recreate transnational linkages across space and time. Even though one enters cyberspace as a disembodied participant, fundamental aspects of bodily difference – gender, age, and race – shape the online activity that occurs on the Internet. Results from an Internet survey of Asian Indian Internet users in the United States provide evidence of the gendering and age-based divisions of virtual space with particular reference to the varying levels of access to the Internet, different amounts of Internet use, and distinctive types of online activities. In particular, women differ from men with regard to their total time online, the types of websites they visit, and their overall pattern of mediated communication, and these differences have a significant age-based component. Rather than seeing such differences simply as a matter of varying use of online resources, we see them as an indication of the internal segmentation of virtual space to for...
Shelf-life estimation of gun propellant stockpile

Gun propellant stability is an important consideration when assessing the safety of gun ammunition. In order to predict deteriorating stability of propellant stockpiles over lifetime, the master sample surveillance program has long been used by U.S. military laboratories. In this paper, we utilize the information obtained from the Navy's master sample surveillance program and employ a random effects linear model to estimate the safe shelf-life of gun propellant stockpiles. Estimation methods are discussed and applied to 5-inch 54-caliber Navy Cool (NACO) propellants. Several recommendations are made to improve the current practice of the surveillance program and subsequent data analyses.
Effect of melting time and temperature on properties of a sodium borate glass

Abstract Two melts, each nominally 30Na 2 O-70B 2 O 3 mol%, were prepared from batches melted at 825°C after which one melt was held for an additional 15 min at 1200°C. The two melts were then held at 850°C for up to 3 h during which glass samples were cast at specified time intervals. All samples were then annealed together and the temperature at which the glass volume curve intersected the supercooled liquid curve was determined by dilatometry for one bar to be 454°C. The density at room temperature and dc conductivity, σ dc , from 100 to 250°C were each measured for all the samples. The measurements of the glass density and σ dc were not statistically different within the precision of the measurements for the various heat treatments. Thus, the glass properties were found to be only a function of glass composition and not thermal history at these elevated temperatures.
A Simple Digital Control Scheme for a Class of Multi-Input, Multi-Output Industrial Processes

This paper deals with digital control of m-input, m-output industrial processes. The controller design is based on two kinds of mathematical process models which can be obtained from the process step (or pulse) responses. The structure of the closed loop system includes an integral control action in the main feedback loop and state vector feedback control via observer in the secondary feedback loop. Simple formulas for finite time settling controller and observer gains are given. Two examples are given to illustrate the design procedure and to examine the closed loop sysem behavior under the finite time settling control scheme.
Automating a lasercomm terminal on a small unmanned aerial platform

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a small lasercomm terminal for both direct lasercomm and communication to a modulated retroreflector (MRR). A gimbal from Cloud Cap Technology serves as the terminal positioner, which is to be integrated onto a small, unmanned airborne vehicle. Software was developed to allow the terminal to automatically acquire and track ground terminals and manage the lasercomm payload. This software turns the terminal into a completely autonomous lasercom system, able to travel well outside the communications range of its base station and collect data from ground terminals with no user intervention. Data from boat testing will be presented to show pointing accuracies as well as automatic acquisition and tracking of static targets.
Cellulose Studies XI. Acetal Type of Methoxyl Groups in Methanolyzed Celluloses

Native cotton and commercial viscose rayon were degraded by using a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride (about 43%) in methanol at 0° C. It was found that, on the average, 8.1 bonds in native c...
Characterization of Discharge Water from Hydrostatic Testing of Natural Gas Pipelines Using High Resolution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Hydrostatic testing of natural gas pipelines may lead to production of water which is contaminated with organic compounds in a highly complex mixture. Present in this complex mixture are benzene, C 3 to C 5 alkylated benzenes, dimethyl disulfide, C 3 to C 5 alkylated disulfides, saturated alkanes, and branched/unsaturated alkanes. Estimated minimum concentrations of benzene were 25 to 38mg/L. Composition of discharge water was not uniform throughout the dewatering process but varied as a function of extent of discharge. While chemical oxygen demand decreased uniformly in discharge water with increased extent of dewatering, selected toxic organic compounds showed less consistent variations. Other similar examinations of discharge waters from natural gas pipelines have not been previously reported.
Proteomic analysis of phosphoproteins regulated by abscisic acid in rice leaves

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone that regulates plant development and adaptation to environmental stresses. Protein phosphorylation has been recognized as an important mechanism for ABA signaling. However, the target phosphoproteins regulated by ABA are still largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of ABA-regulated phosphoproteins in rice using proteomic approaches. Six ABA-regulated phosphoproteins were identified as G protein beta subunit-like protein, ascorbate peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, triosephosphate isomerase, putative Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter regulator protein, and glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase. These results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism for some ABA signaling proteins and implicate several previously unrecognized proteins in ABA action.
Deviance and Definitional Processes: a Conceptual and Empirical Analysis*

The failure of the labeling perspective to account for informal reaction processes is noted. Viewing informal labeling in terms of emergence and the documentary method, definitional processes are divided into two categories: (1) intra-situational definitions concerning the practical problems of negotiating an inter-actional encounter, and (2) trans-situational definitions in which the actor is evaluated in terms of cultural knowledge and prior experience. A repeated measures experimental study is discussed which indicates that intra-situational and trans-situational definitions are differentially responsive to variations over time in the typicality of an actor's behavior. Implications for the concept of “aligning actions” are discussed.
Kazhdan–Lusztig immanants and products of matrix minors, II

We show that for each permutation w containing no decreasing subsequence of length k, the Kazhdan–Lusztig immanant Imm w (x) vanishes on all matrices having k equal rows or columns. Also, we define two filtrations of the vector space of immanants via products of matrix minors and pattern avoidance and use the above result to show that these filtrations are equivalent. Finally, we construct new and simple inequalities satisfied by the minors of totally nonnegative matrices.
Role of AP endonuclease in DNA breakage and cell inactivation of Escherichia coli subjected to mild heat (52°C)

The molecular mechanism of DNA injury by mild heat was investigated using matched isogenic mutants of E. coli. On heating at 52 degrees C for 1 h, the number of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) detected by the alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation technique was consistently smaller in mutants NH5016 and BW2001, both deficient in the AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) endonuclease of exonuclease III, as compared with their wild-type parent AB1157. The greater number of SSBs in the wild type was accompanied by more extensive cell death as compared with the AP-deficient mutants. Heating of endonuclease-free DNA systems, viz., T4 phage and T4 DNA, at 52 degrees C for up to 4 h did not result in any detectable SSB. Apparently, cellular injury by mild heat is self-inflicted through an AP-endonuclease-mediated process and hence depends on the cell's genetic complement of AP endonuclease. Mild heat is believed to activate the nucleolytic attack, and the resultant DNA-strand breaks, if not repaired, will eventually lead to cell death.
Sb2Se3 under pressure

Selected members of the A2B3 (A = Sb, Bi; B = Se, Te) family are topological insulators. The Sb2Se3 compound does not exhibit any topological properties at ambient conditions; a recent high-pressure study, however, indicated that pressure transforms Sb2Se3 from a band insulator into a topological insulator above ~2 GPa; in addition, three structural transitions were proposed to occur up to 25 GPa. Partly motivated by these results, we have performed x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy investigations on Sb2Se3 under pressure up to 65 GPa. We have identified only one reversible structural transition: the initial Pnma structure transforms into a disordered cubic bcc alloy above 51 GPa. On the other hand, our high-pressure Raman study did not reproduce the previous results; we attribute the discrepancies to the effects of the different pressure transmitting media used in the high-pressure experiments. We discuss the structural behavior of Sb2Se3 within the A2B3 (A = Sb, Bi; B = Se, Te) series.
Effects of foundation species genotypic diversity on subordinate species richness in an assembling community

Foundation (dominant or matrix) species play a key role in structuring plant communities, influencing processes from population to ecosystem scales. However, the effects of genotypic diversity of foundation species on these processes have not been thoroughly assessed in the context of assembling plant communities. We modified the classical filter model of community assembly to include genotypic diversity as part of the biotic filter. We hypothesized that the proportion of fit genotypes (i.e. competitively superior and dominant) affects niche space availability for subordinate species to establish with consequence for species diversity. To test this hypothesis, we used an individual-based simulation model where a foundation species of varying genotypic diversity (number of genotypes and variability among genotypes) competes for space with subordinate species on a spatially heterogeneous lattice. Our model addresses a real and practical problem in restoration ecology: choosing the level of genetic diversity of re-introduced foundation and subordinate species. Genotypic diversity of foundation species significantly affected equilibrium community diversity, measured as species richness, either positively or negatively, depending upon environmental heterogeneity. Increases in genotypic diversity gave the foundation species a wider niche breadth. Under conditions of high environmental heterogeneity, this wider niche breadth decreased niche space for other species, lowering species richness with increased genotypic diversity until the genotypes of the foundation species saturated the landscape. With a low level of environmental heterogeneity, increasing genotypic diversity caused the foundation species niche breadth to be overdispersed, resulting in a weak positive relationship with species richness. Under these conditions, some genotypes are maladapted to the environment lowering fitness of the foundation species. These effects of genotypic diversity were secondary to the larger effects of overall foundation species fitness and environmental heterogeneity. The novel aspect of incorporating genotype diversity in combination with environmental heterogeneity in community assembly models include predictions of either positive or negative relationships between species diversity and genotypic diversity depending on environmental heterogeneity, and the conditions under which these factors are potentially relevant. Mechanistically, differential niche availability is imposed by the foundation species.
Synthesis, hydrolytic reactivity, and polymerization of 2,6‐ and 2,7‐dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]‐heptanes

2,6-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (3), the parent of a new ring system, has been synthesized by acid-catalyzed bicyclization of 1,1-diethoxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-butanol. Conditions which were crucial to success included working in dilute dioctyl phthalate under high vacuum with vigorous stirring and distilling 3 as formed. 2,7-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (4) was synthesized by similar acid-catalyzed cyclization of either 5-hydroxy-2-methoxytetrahydropyran or 1,1-diethoxy-4,5-pentanediol. In acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, 3 was almost one million times as reactive as dimethyl acetal, and 4 was only slightly less. General acid catalysis was observed for both during studies of hydrolysis in presence of buffers. Polymerization of 3 occurred very readily with a variety of cationic initiators. Protonic acids gave high conversion to soluble polymer which was of moderate molecular weight (ζinh = 0.35), liquid (rubber), and consisted of a 60:40 mixture of isomers (probably trans:cis) detected by NMR. Cationic polymerization of 4 also occurred readily. Again, high conversions to moderate molecular weight liquid polymer were obtained. At −78°C, the polymer contained exclusively tetrahydrofuran links; at a higher temperature, several initiators gave significant amounts of tetrahydropyran links.
Continuous heterogeneous polymerization. I. A laboratory‐scale stirred tank reactor

Design, calibration, and operation is described of a unique, 2-liter laboratory-scale continuous stirred tank reactor for the heterogeneous stereospecific polymerization of α-olefins under pressure.
Bubbles can make self-timed pipelines fast

We explore the practical limits on throughput imposed by timing in a long, self-timed, circulating pipeline (ring). We consider models with both fixed and random delays and derive exact results for pipelines where these delays are fixed or exponentially distributed random variables. We also give relationships that provide upper and lower bounds on throughput for any pipeline where the delays are independent random variables. In each of these cases, we show that the asymptotic processor utilization is independent of the length of the pipeline; thus, linear speedup is achieved. We present conditions under which this utilization approaches 100%.
Military-Induced Family Separation: A Stress Reduction Intervention

The Persian Gulf War focused public attention on the problems military families face in coping with military-induced family separation. This article highlights some of the unique stressors faced by active-duty, national guard, and reserve military families. Practice guidelines are presented to assist social workers in designing interventions to help these families.
When does the lightning attachment process actually begin

High-speed video and electric field records of 43 first and 7 new-ground-termination subsequent strokes in negative lightning flashes, obtained at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida, were examined. Eighteen (36%) of these strokes exhibited faintly luminous formations (FLFs) below the downward leader tip just prior to the return stroke. All the 18 FLFs were connected to the strike object on the ground, with 14 of them being also in contact with the downward leader tip. For 11 located events showing FLFs in contact with the downward leader tip, the FLF 2-D length ranged from 51 to 200 m and the time interval between the end of exposure of the FLF frame and the return stroke onset ranged from 42 to 106 μs. We inferred that the FLFs mostly consisted of relatively low conductivity streamers, based on the following observations and estimates. (a) The rates at which the 11 FLFs were replaced by channels capable of guiding return stroke waves ranged from 0.7 × 106 m/s to 2.2 × 106 m/s, which is comparable to leader speeds in virgin air (in the same records). (b) The overwhelming majority of downward leaders continued stepping while being connected to ground via FLFs. (c) The average electric field along FLFs is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than expected for hot, leader-like channels. Since in all cases the FLF determined the strike point, we conclude that its inferred initiation up to a few hundreds of microseconds before the return stroke onset signified the beginning of the lightning attachment process.
Taking a basal follicle-stimulating hormone history is essential before initiating in vitro fertilization

Objective To analyze IVF outcomes in patients with a history of one or more elevations in basal FSH who have a normal basal FSH at the start of their IVF cycle, compared with the general IVF population. Design Retrospective clinical study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) General IVF patient population. Intervention(s) Patients received standard IVF gonadotropin protocols, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer. Main outcome measure(s) Oocyte yield, fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and cancellation rate. Result(s) Oocyte yields were lower in patients with a history of elevated basal FSH, for all age groups, and showed an age-dependent decline in all patients. Over the age of 40 years, both implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were lower in these patients, with no significant difference observed in patients under the age of 40 years. No pregnancies were observed in patients with a history of three or more elevated FSH levels, regardless of age. Conclusion(s) A history of elevated basal FSH levels in patients under the age of 40 years predicts a lower oocyte yield in IVF cycles with normal basal FSH levels but does not translate to either lower pregnancy or implantation rates. Patients aged >40 years with prior elevations in basal FSH levels have both compromised ovarian response and compromised embryo quality relative to those with normal FSH levels, as illustrated by lower oocyte yield, higher cancellation rates, and lower implantation and pregnancy rates.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy after atrioventricular junction ablation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis.

Aims Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation with permanent pacing improves symptoms in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The optimal pacing modality after AVJ ablation remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine whether cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is superior to right ventricular (RV) pacing in this patient population. Methods and results We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies evaluating the effect of CRT vs. RV pacing after AVJ ablation for AF. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively, using a random effects model. Five trials involving 686 patients (413 in CRT and 273 in RV pacing group) were included in the analysis. On the basis of the pooled estimate across the studies, CRT resulted in a non-significant reduction in mortality (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.43–1.30; P = 0.30) and a significant reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.85; P = 0.02) compared with RV pacing. Cardiac resynchronization therapy did not improve 6 min walk distance (mean difference 15.7, 95% CI −7.2 to 38.5 m; P = 0.18) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure quality-of-life score (mean difference −3.0, 95% CI −8.6 to 2.6; P = 0.30) compared with RV pacing. The change in left ventricular ejection fraction between baseline and 6 months favoured CRT (mean change 2.0%, 95% CI 1.5–2.4%; P < 0.001). Conclusion Cardiac resynchronization therapy may be superior to RV pacing in patients undergoing AVJ ablation for AF. Further studies, adequately powered to detect clinical outcomes, are required.
Can an ancillary ligand lead to a thermodynamically stable end-on 1 : 1 Cu–O2 adduct supported by a β-diketiminate ligand?

The finding that dioxygen binds end-on to the CuB site in the crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase has spurred the search for biomimetic model complexes exhibiting the same dioxygen coordination. Recent work has not only indicated that sterically hindered β-diketiminate ligands (L1) could support side-on 1 : 1 Cu–O2 adducts, but also that an end-on L1Cu(THF)O2 structure occurs as an unstable intermediate in the oxygenation mechanism of the Cu(I) complex. In this work, density functional theory and multireference methods are used to determine the potential of ancillary ligands, X, other than THF to yield thermodynamically stable end-on L1CuXO2 species. A diverse set of ligands X, comprising phosphines, thiophene, cyclic ethers, acetonitrile, para-substituted pyridines, N-heterocyclic carbenes, and ligands bearing hydrogen bond donors, has been considered in order to identify ligand characteristics which energetically favor end-on L1CuXO2 over: a) reversion to the Cu(I) complex and dioxygen, b) isomerization to side-on L1CuXO2, and c) decay to L1CuO2 and X. Ancillary ligands with judiciously chosen degrees and orientation of steric bulk and which bear potential hydrogen bond donors to an end-on bound dioxygen moiety most favor oxygenation of L1CuX to yield end-on L1CuXO2. Conversion to the side-on isomer can be deterred through the use of a sufficiently bulky ligand X, such as one that is at least the size of a 5-membered ring. Loss of X to give L1CuO2 can be made prohibitively endergonic by employing ligands X which are highly electron donating and which backbond strongly with and σ-donate significantly to copper.
An ink-jet head using diaphragm microactuator

An ink-jet head using a buckling diaphragm microactuator is described. The microactuator is composed of a silicon substrate, silicon dioxide insulator, nickel heater and electro-plated nickel diaphragm. All the edges of the diaphragm are fixed on the substrate and a narrow gap is formed between the diaphragm and the substrate. A nozzle plate is connected to the actuator by an adhesive spacer to get the ink-jet head. An ink chamber is formed by the surfaces of the diaphragm, the nozzle plate, and the side wall of the spacer. When the diaphragm is heated, thermally induced compressive stress causes the diaphragm to buckle rapidly and the diaphragm simultaneously deflects toward the nozzle plate. The deflection raises the pressure in the ink chamber and an ink droplet is then ejected through the nozzle. The ink-jet head has been designed to maximize the droplet velocity, minimize the thermal response of the actuator and optimize the energy consumption needed to eject an ink droplet. The head design was carried out by using mechanical analysis of a buckling model, and heat transfer simulation. The diaphragm made from nickel is 300 /spl mu/m diameter and 2 /spl mu/m-thick. The microactuator has been built using a combination of surface- and bulk-micromachining. An ink droplet has been ejected with a velocity of 8 m/s while the ink-jet head is operated by heating the diaphragm with a current of 510 mA at 16.6 V for 10 /spl mu/s at 1.8 kHz. We assured that no bubble was generated at less than 1.8 kHz. The fabrication process used to make the microactuator is briefly reported.
Grg3/TLE3 and Grg1/TLE1 Induce Monohormonal Pancreatic β-Cells While Repressing α-Cell Functions

In the pancreas, α- and β-cells possess a degree of plasticity. In vitro differentiation of pluripotent cells yields mostly α- and polyhormonal β-like cells, indicating a gap in understanding of how functional monohormonal β-cells are formed and of the endogenous repressive mechanisms used to maintain β-cell identity. We show that the corepressor Grg3 is expressed in almost all β-cells throughout embryogenesis to adulthood. However, Grg3 is expressed in fewer nascent α-cells and is progressively lost from α-cells as endocrine cells mature into adulthood. We show that mouse Grg3+/− β-cells have increased α-specific gene expression, and Grg3+/− pancreata have more α-cells and more polyhormonal cells, indicating that Grg3 is required for the physiologic maintenance of monohormonal β-cell identity. Ectopic expression of Grg3 in α-cells represses glucagon and Arx, and the addition of Pdx1 induces Glut2 expression and glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Furthermore, we found that Grg1 is the predominant Groucho expressed in human β-cells but acts functionally similarly to Grg3. Overall, we find that Grg3 and Grg1 establish a monohormonal β-cell identity, and Groucho family members may be useful tools or markers for making functional β-cells.
Reversed sequence arch debranching for treatment of a ruptured juxta-innominate artery saccular aneurysm.

Purpose To describe a hybrid approach for the treatment of a ruptured juxta-innominate artery saccular aneurysm. Case report A 68-year-old smoker male with poor exercise tolerance sustained a contained ruptured saccular aneurysm at the origin of the innominate artery. Although under the femoral-axillary bypass to allow direct brain perfusion, a 36 × 110 mm thoracic endograft was successfully deployed with total coverage of the distal ascending and aortic arch. A sternotomy was performed and an aorto-innominate and left common carotid artery bypass was done. At 1-month follow-up, a type 2 endoleak at the innominate artery stump was noted and successfully treated with coil embolization. The patient remains neurologically intact 1 year after the surgery. Conclusion Juxta-innominate artery saccular aneurysms are rare. A hybrid open-endovascular repair using a reversed sequence arch debranching after endovascular repair is feasible and may be an alternative to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest particularly in frail patients.
Connecting the discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks

Recently, quantized versions of random walks have been explored as effective elements for quantum algorithms. In the simplest case of one dimension, the theory has remained divided into the discrete-time quantum walk and the continuous-time quantum walk. Though the properties of these two walks have shown similarities, it has remained an open problem to find the exact relation between the two. The precise connection of these two processes, both quantally and classically, is presented. Extension to higher dimensions is also discussed.
A security protocol for sensor networks

We present in this paper a new security protocol especially suited for sensor networks. This protocol uses a novel encryption method for secure message transmission. We present the details of this encryption scheme along with experimental results performed on a network simulator.
Intrinsic Goodness: Facilitating Character Development

(2000). Intrinsic Goodness: Facilitating Character Development. Kappa Delta Pi Record: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 168-172.
High Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibody Titers to H5N1 and H7N9 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Healthy US Adults and Older Children

Human influenza is a highly contagious acute respiratory illness that is responsible for significant morbidity and excess mortality worldwide. In addition to neutralizing antibodies, there are antibodies that bind to influenza virus-infected cells and mediate lysis of the infected cells by natural killer (NK) cells (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]) or complement (complement-dependent lysis [CDL]). We analyzed sera obtained from 16 healthy adults (18-63 years of age), 52 children (2-17 years of age), and 10 infants (0.75-1 year of age) in the United States, who were unlikely to have been exposed to the avian H7N9 subtype of influenza A virus, by ADCC and CDL assays. As expected, none of these sera had detectable levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against the H7N9 virus, but we unexpectedly found high titers of ADCC antibodies to the H7N9 subtype virus in all sera from adults and children aged ≥8 years.
Interleukin-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of premature neonates: a marker for maternal chorioamnionitis and predictor of adverse neonatal outcome

Objective: To determine whether the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in the lungs of preterm infants immediately after birth was associated with maternal inflammation and could predict adverse neonatal outcome. Study design: Prospective evaluation of serially obtained tracheal aspirates for the presence of IL-1β in 25 preterm infants (birth weight 595-1700 g; gestational age 24-32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome. The initial tracheal aspirate was obtained within 1 h after delivery. Results: An initial tracheal aspirate positive for IL-1β had a highly significant correlation with documented maternal chorioamnionitis for the given patient. In addition, the presence of IL-1β correlated significantly with elevated total cell count (2.62 vs. 0.96 × 106/ml, p = 0.0097), granulocyte count (2.12 vs. 0.22 × 106/ml, p = 0.001), macrophage count (0.28 vs. 0.01 × 106/ml, p = 0.02) and the presence of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Preterm ...
Insulator dysfunction and oncogene activation in IDH mutant gliomas

Gain-of-function IDH mutations are initiating events that define major clinical and prognostic classes of gliomas. Mutant IDH protein produces a new onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, which interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5'-methylcytosine hydroxylases. TET enzymes catalyse a key step in the removal of DNA methylation. IDH mutant gliomas thus manifest a CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), although the functional importance of this altered epigenetic state remains unclear. Here we show that human IDH mutant gliomas exhibit hypermethylation at cohesin and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites, compromising binding of this methylation-sensitive insulator protein. Reduced CTCF binding is associated with loss of insulation between topological domains and aberrant gene activation. We specifically demonstrate that loss of CTCF at a domain boundary permits a constitutive enhancer to interact aberrantly with the receptor tyrosine kinase gene PDGFRA, a prominent glioma oncogene. Treatment of IDH mutant gliomaspheres with a demethylating agent partially restores insulator function and downregulates PDGFRA. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated disruption of the CTCF motif in IDH wild-type gliomaspheres upregulates PDGFRA and increases proliferation. Our study suggests that IDH mutations promote gliomagenesis by disrupting chromosomal topology and allowing aberrant regulatory interactions that induce oncogene expression.
Electric vitality testing in orthodontic patients.

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oregon Dental School.
Decade in review—polycystic kidney disease: Slowing progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a challenging disorder to diagnose and treat effectively. Promising research over the past decade has, however, provided novel interventions, modifications to clinical practice and new areas to investigate with the aim of identifying approaches to slow disease progression.
Flexible foraging shapes the topology of plant–pollinator interaction networks

In plant-pollinator networks, foraging choices by pollinators help form the connecting links between species. Flexible foraging should therefore play an important role in defining network topology. Factors such as morphological trait complementarity limit a pollinator's pool of potential floral resources, but which potential resource species are actually utilized at a location depends on local environmental and ecological context. Pollinators can be highly flexible foragers, but the effect of this flexibility on network topology remains unclear. To understand how flexible foraging affects network topology, we examined differences between sets of locally realized interactions and corresponding sets of potential interactions within 25 weighted plant-pollinator networks in two different regions of the United States. We examined two possible mechanisms for flexible foraging effects on realized networks: (1) preferential targeting of higher-density plant resources, which should increase network nestedness, and (2) context-dependent resource partitioning driven by interspecific competition, which should increase modularity and complementary specialization. We found that flexible foraging has strong effects on realized network topology. Realized connectance was much lower than connectance based on potential interactions, indicating a local narrowing of diet breadth. Moreover, the foraging choices pollinators made, which particular plant species to visit and at what rates, resulted in networks that were significantly less nested and significantly more modular and specialized than their corresponding networks of potential interactions. Preferentially foraging on locally abundant resources was not a strong driver of the realization of potential interactions. However, the degree of modularity and complementary specialization both increased with the number of competing pollinator species and with niche availability. We therefore conclude that flexible foraging affects realized network topology more strongly through resource partitioning than through focusing on high-density resources.
Intermediary Metabolism in the Early Twentieth Century

During the first third of this century, the subject of “intermediary metabolism” emerged as an active, clearly defined area of scientific research. By the end of that period intermediary metabolism appeared to constitute one of the principal divisions of biochemistry. The sub-field was well delineated, however, before biochemistry itself has solidified as a scientific discipline. Those who made contributions to this growing investigative stream between 1900 and 1930 published from departments of physiology, chemistry, organic chemistry, physiological chemistry, biochemistry, agricultural chemistry, botany, internal medicine, pathology, pathological chemistry, and others. Papers entered the literature from research institutes, the laboratories of hospital clinics, even from breweries. The parent field of the individual investigator often influenced the niche within the general problem area of intermediary metabolism from which he or she entered the sub-field. A paper emerging from a botanical or an agricultural institution, for example, was more likely to be about alcoholic fermentation than about muscle glycolysis. An investigator from a department of medicine might well approach intermediary metabolism from the vantage point of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. Such contributions coalesced with others from institutions with other objectives, however, to form a common problem area that did not coincide with the boundaries of any of these fields. From whatever direction investigators came to a set of problems which lay at the intersection of their respective professional disciplines, in order to become recognized participants in the development of intermediary metabolism they had to adopt certain common concepts and problems, and to conform to certain methodological standards, as well as criteria for acceptable solutions. Each of the parent disciplines itself contributed some share to the intellectual framework and the methodological criteria, but none controlled them. A concensus gradually grew out of the nature of the problem itself. To some extent each of the disciplines involved may have helped to shape some aspects of the problem; but in the long run it was the intrinsic shape of the problem which gradually reshaped the relationships between the disciplines.
Incidence rate of nosocomial infection and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in 2009

OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence rate of nosocomial infection and the distribution of pathogenic micro-organisms of Children′s Hospital of Shanxi Province and Maternal and Child Health Care of Shanxi Province in 2009.METHODS All the hospital patients of 33 547 were investigated with prospective study mainly and retrospectively study.RESULTS Totally 956 hospital patients acquired HAI,of which 1 occurred three times and 24 occurred two times,the total cases were 982 and an overall case-time rate of 2.93%.The infection sites were upper respiratory tract 649 cases(66.09%) and lower respiratory tract 115 cases(11.71%) and gastrointestinal tract152 cases(15.48%) and incision tract 32 cases(3.26%).764 specimens which accounted for 77.80% were detected.The main pathogenic microorganisms were 152 Streptococcus pneumoniastrains,62 yeast-like fungi,54 rotavirus antigen-positive and 45 Escherichia coli,10 cases of Enterococcus faces,8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The median date of HAIs was 6 days after admission,quartile range was 6 days too.CONCLUSION HAI surveillance and the strategies for application of antibiotics should be used as the focus of the work.
Mechanical strain memory in airway smooth muscle.

We investigated the effect of a single rapid stretch on poststretch force and myosin phosphorylation in bovine tracheal smooth muscle. When unstimulated muscle strips were stretched from suboptimal...
Location decisions of charter schools: an examination of Michigan

ABSTRACTUsing school level data we examine which factors influence charter school location decisions. We augment previous research by employing a panel dataset, recently developed geographic techniques to measure distances and define areas, and employing a hurdle model to deal with the excess zero problem. The main results of our research indicate that, after controlling for other factors, charters are more likely to locate in areas with higher median income, fewer students who receive a free or reduced lunch, lower reading scores, a larger percentage of black students, and more racial diversity.