cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BICIR:Boundary-Constrained Inverse Consistent Image Registration Using WEB-Splines

We present a new registration method called boundaryconstrained inverse consistent image registration (BICIR). This method is novel because it performs boundary constrained intensity based image registration by combining surface- and intensity-based registration. The method registers a region of interest and ignores everything outside the region eliminating interference caused by surrounding regions. The boundaries of the two objects are first registered using the transitive inverse-consistent manifold registration (TICMR) described in [4]. This provides the boundary conditions, which are used to compute the displacement over the object using the Element Free Galerkin Method (EFGM). The EFGM solution is used as an initialization and is fine-tuned using the intensity information inside the object. The transformations are represented with shape specific basis functions that have local support. These basis functions are defined only over the region of interest and help improve the computational performance. The BICIR method was tested for a number of 2-dimensional test images. The method was validated using the similarity cost, relative overlap and inverse consistency error.
Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion

A new definition of scale-space is suggested, and a class of algorithms used to realize a diffusion process is introduced. The diffusion coefficient is chosen to vary spatially in such a way as to encourage intraregion smoothing rather than interregion smoothing. It is shown that the 'no new maxima should be generated at coarse scales' property of conventional scale space is preserved. As the region boundaries in the approach remain sharp, a high-quality edge detector which successfully exploits global information is obtained. Experimental results are shown on a number of images. Parallel hardware implementations are made feasible because the algorithm involves elementary, local operations replicated over the image. >
Mactinin: a modulator of the monocyte response to inflammation.

During inflammatory processes, monocytes leave the blood stream at increased rates and enter inflammation tissue, where they undergo phenotypic transformation to mature macrophages with enhanced phagocytic activity. α-Actinin, a cytoskeletal protein, is present in focal adhesion complexes and left in the microenvironment as a result of cell movement. Mactinin, a 31 kDa amino-terminal fragment of α-actinin, is generated by the degradation of extracellular α-actinin by monocyte-secreted urokinase. We have previously demonstrated that mactinin promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. We now report that 0.5–10 nM mactinin has significant chemotactic activity for monocytes. Mactinin seems to be present in inflammatory arthritis synovial fluid, because affinity-purified antisera reacted with a protein of the expected molecular mass in various types of arthritis fluids that were immunoaffinity-purified and subjected to Western analysis. Thus, six of seven samples from patients with psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, gout, or ankylosing spondylitis contained mactinin at levels that are active in vitro. Initially, mactinin was not found in affinity-purified rheumatoid arthritis samples. However, it was detectable after the dissociation of immune complexes, suggesting that it was complexed to anti-microfilament auto-antibodies. In addition, mactinin was found in the lavage fluid from the arthritic knee joints of rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis and was absent from the contralateral control knee fluids. We conclude that mactinin is present in several types of inflammatory arthritis and might modulate mononuclear phagocyte response to inflammation.
Production of ultrasonic vocalizations by Peromyscus mice in the wild

There has been considerable research on rodent ultrasound in the laboratory and these sounds have been well quantified and characterized. Despite the value of research on ultrasound produced by mice in the lab, it is unclear if, and when, these sounds are produced in the wild, and how they function in natural habitats. We have made the first recordings of ultrasonic vocalizations produced by two free-living species of mice in the genus Peromyscus (P. californicus and P. boylii) on long term study grids in California. Over 6 nights, we recorded 65 unique ultrasonic vocalization phrases from Peromyscus. The ultrasonic vocalizations we recorded represent 7 different motifs. Within each motif, there was considerable variation in the acoustic characteristics suggesting individual and contextual variation in the production of ultrasound by these species. The discovery of the production of ultrasonic vocalizations by Peromyscus in the wild highlights an underappreciated component in the behavior of these model organisms. The ability to examine the production of ultrasonic vocalizations in the wild offers excellent opportunities to test hypotheses regarding the function of ultrasound produced by rodents in a natural context.
Model-free reconstruction of 3-D myocardial strain from planar tagged MR images: precision and spatial resolution

A technique is presented for reconstructing a three-dimensional myocardial strain map from a set of parallel-tagged magnetic resonance images. This technique was demonstrated on high resolution tagging data from an anesthetized dog. The strain was reconstructed with a precision of /spl plusmn/6.0% for a tag detection accuracy of 0.1 mm and a tag spacing of 2.5 mm. The reconstruction spatial resolution was demonstrated by reconstructing a displacement field in response to a displaced cloud of tag points. In the circumferential direction, the cloud that resulted in a 50% displacement attenuation had a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 5.4mm/spl plusmn/0.4mm (mean /spl plusmn/ standard deviation). The FWHM of the strain field reconstructed from a single in plane displaced tag point was 5.2mm/spl plusmn/0.3mm. It is concluded that the combination of high-resolution parallel-tagged MR images and the model-free, coordinate system-free strain reconstruction technique presented is capable of producing accurate, high-resolution strain maps of the myocardium.
A formally verified algorithm for clock synchronization under a hybrid fault model

A small modification to the interactive convergence clock synchronization algorithm allows it to tolerate a larger number of simple faults than the standard algorithm, without reducing its ability to tolerate arbitrary or "Byzantine" faults. Because the extended case-analysis required by the new fault model complicates the already intricate argument for correctness of the algorithm, it has been subjected to mechanically-checked formal verification. The fault model examined is similar to the "hybrid" one previously used for the problem of distributed consensus: In addition to arbitrary faults, we also admit symmetric (i.e., consistent) and manifest (i.e., detectable) faults. With n processors, the modified algorithm can withstand a arbitrary s symmetric, and m manifest faults simultaneously, provided n < 3a+2s+m. A further extension to the fault model includes link faults with bound n<3a+2s+m+l where l is the maximum, over all pairs of processors, of the number of processors that have faulty links to one or other of the pair. The mechanically-checked formal verification of the modified algorithm was achieved by extending one for the classical Interactive Convergence algorithm, and was accomplished relatively easily. A mechanically-checked formal specification and verification is a reusable intellectual resource whose initial cost is amply repaid by the support it provides for inexpensive and reliable investigation of modified assumptions and algorithms such as those reported here.
Cardiac hypertrophy induced by active Raf depends on Yorkie-mediated transcription.

Organ hypertrophy can result from enlargement of individual cells or from cell proliferation or both. Activating mutations in the serine-threonine kinase Raf cause cardiac hypertrophy and contribute to Noonan syndrome in humans. Cardiac-specific expression of activated Raf also causes hypertrophy in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that Yorkie (Yki), a transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo pathway that regulates organ size, is required for Raf-induced cardiac hypertrophy in flies. Although aberrant activation of Yki orthologs stimulates cardiac hyperplasia in mice, cardiac-specific expression of an activated mutant form of Yki in fruit flies caused cardiac hypertrophy without hyperplasia. Knockdown of Yki caused cardiac dilation without loss of cardiomyocytes and prevented Raf-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In flies, Yki-induced cardiac hypertrophy required the TEA domain–containing transcription factor Scalloped, and, in mammalian cells, expression of mouse RafL613V, an activated form of Raf with a Noonan syndrome mutation, increased Yki-induced Scalloped activity. Furthermore, overexpression of Tgi (a Tondu domain–containing Scalloped-binding corepressor) in the fly heart abrogated Yki- or Raf-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, crosstalk between Raf and Yki occurs in the heart and can influence Raf-mediated cardiac hypertrophy.
Limit cycle analysis of a nonlinear controller for a proof-mass actuator

Proof-mass actuators have been proposed as actuators for vibration suppression in flexible structures. While these actuators have a favorable force-to-weight ratio, the finite travel of the proofmass, called the stroke length, imposes restrictions on the use of the actuator. The stroke length limits the amount of force available from the actuator. In addition, if the proof-mass runs against its stops, called here stroke saturation, shocks (high frequency disturbances) are imparted to the structure and damage may result. To increase the operating region for a given structure without increasing the mass of the proof-mass and/or the stroke length, several nonlinear control laws have been proposed to manage the proof-mass. The presence of a nonlinearity in the system, however, introduces the possibility of a limit cycle. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between the various nonlinearities and the possible existence of limit cycles.
Consecutive Integers Whose Sum of Squares is a Perfect Square

(1964). Consecutive Integers Whose Sum of Squares is a Perfect Square. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 19-32.
Response of Reticulitermes Flavipes to Fractions From Fungus-Infected Wood And Synthetic Chemicals1

At least 6 materials attractive to Reticulitermes Flavipes (Kollar) were found in wood partially decayed by Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr. These unidentified attractants were steam-volatile, neutral, unsaturated compounds. A non-attractive diester of phthalic acid was present in relatively large amounts. A crystalline material, which was not attractive, was identified as 3,4-dimethyl-8-hydroxyisocoumarin. This isocoumarin was also present in the wood alone, but not in the termites. Steam volatile attractants were also present in the fungus grown on synthetic media, in the wood alone, and in the termites. Testing of compounds of known structure for attractancy indicated that some materials with the propenyl and styryl radical were active, for example cinnamyl alcohol and isosafrole. Other attractive compounds were 6 ionones and certain camphor analogs. The attractivity of camphor may be due to a minor impurity.
Effects of prompting, confirmation, and free choice upon children’s acquisition, verbalization and generalization of a concept

Thirty superior 13-year-old girls were confronted with a concept attainment task under conditions of preresponse prompting, postresponse confirmation, or a free choice condition in which the S, on each trial, could elect to have her responses prompted or confirmed. Results indicated no significant differences between these conditions during acquisition. However, free choice Ss evidenced significantly greater ability for both verbalization of the concept and generalization of the rule to a second set of stimuli. Free choice Ss tended to elect prompts as a decreasing function of trials.
Application of fracture prediction damage criterion of metal material

In order to precisely describe the continuity hurt models of sheet metal anisotropic,this paper supplies an improved fracture prediction damage criterion of metal material which is different from the traditional ones by considering the influences of cutting mechanism and cutting stress upon the damage and fracture process of metals material.It also calculates the degrees of influence of micro damages to the overall performance of the material.Based on this new fracture prediction damage criterion,this paper also analyzes and calculates the failure limit curves of several common sheet metals as well as compares the calculation results with the datum from traditional stress principles.The results show that the fracture prediction damage criterion not only applies to the actual curves of materials damage better,but also precisely points out the application area of several metal materials.6 figs,10 refs.
The effect of Metoprolol on blood glucose in patients with diastolic hypertension

Objective: To study the effect of Metoprolol on blood glucose in patients with diastolic hypertension. Methods:100 patients with diastolic hypertension were divided into control group and observation group( 50 cases in each group). The control group was given conventional treatment; on this basis,the observation group was given Metoprolol. Observation of 24 months,fasting blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose were measured before and after treatment. Results: In the observation group,diastolic blood pressure before treatment was( 108. 5 ± 8. 9) mmHg,and diastolic blood pressure 24 months after treatment was( 78. 2 ± 7. 8) mmHg,there was statistical difference( t = 18. 10,P 0. 05). In the control group,diastolic blood pressure before treatment was( 112. 8 ± 10. 8) mmHg,and diastolic blood pressure 24 months after treatment was( 67. 4 ± 12. 1) mmHg,there was statistical difference( t = 19. 80,P 0. 05). There was no significant difference between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The effect of Metoprolol in the treatment of diastolic hypertension is better,but can cause hyperglycemia,attention should be paid to monitoring of blood glucose.
Induction of Estrogen Response Following Injury

Although originally thought to be the support cells of the brain, glial cells have been more recently identified as having diverse functions ranging from mediating brain homeostasis to playing a key role in the brain’s response to injury. One of the more novel roles of glia following injury includes the production and response to sex hormones. This chapter highlights the role of glia in estrogen induction after injury, and the neuroprotection that ensues as a result of this process. Aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens, is upregulated in glia near the injury site after traumatic brain injury. This induction is tied to the neuroimmune response, and differs between males and females. While there are some aspects of this process that are not fully understood, studies of the induction of estrogen response after brain injury provide information about the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune responses, and provide insight into potential pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Explanations in Context-Aware Systems.

Intelligibility is the ability of an application to explain its own behaviors. In context-aware applications where an application is often reacting to implicit user input, intelligibility is extremely important for maintaining user satisfaction and usability. In this paper, we describe the Situations abstraction, a toolkit component that supports the building of rules-based context-aware applications that can expose some information about their behavior with little extra work on the part of application builder. We also present two sample applications that have been built with this abstraction and demonstrate how the abstraction can support intelligibility and explanations.
Non-crosslinked porcine acellular dermal matrix in pediatric abdominal wall reconstruction: a case series

Abstract Introduction The use of biologic mesh where native tissue deficiencies limit reconstructive options has been well documented in the adult population, with increasing use to address the special requirements of complex abdominal wall reconstruction. There is, however, little documented evidence as to the safety and efficacy of these products in the pediatric population. Methods This retrospective case series details 5 pediatric cases of complicated abdominal hernia repair with Strattice®, a non-crosslinked porcine acellular dermal matrix. Outcomes measured include recurrence, infection, seroma formation, symptomatic bulging, and need for mesh removal. Defect size, mesh size, and history of prior abdominal operations and infection were also recorded. Results Patients received Strattice® with an average area of 132.2 (24–250)cm 2 and primary closure was achieved over a mesh underlay in three (60%) patients, while the remaining required a bridging approach secondary to lateral defects. Complications included suture extrusion, requiring suture removal, hernia recurrence without bulge, noted incidentally, and seroma formation, requiring placement of drains. Discussion/conclusions In conclusion, the use of porcine ADM in pediatric patients appears to be potentially safe and efficacious in the context of complex abdominal wall defects, including those with substantial contamination. Our small series builds on previous reports in this difficult patient population. Although additional study, with larger subject pools, would assist in solidifying the observations seen in this and other series, initial findings suggest that porcine ADM is a valuable tool in the treatment of these complex patients. Level of evidence Case series: Treatment study, Level IV
Psychosocial Therapies for Chronic Headache

Psychosocial interventions in the management of recurrent headache disorders are reviewed from Ohio University, Athens, OH, and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
Quantum electrodynamics treatment of optical high order harmonic generation

Optical high order harmonic generation (HHG) is one of the most promising ways to generate the coherent EUV and soft X-ray radiation required by next the generation of photolithography. It is of equal significance in basic research for understanding the laser-matter interaction. The most intriguing characteristic of HHG spectra is the display of a plateau region, in which the harmonic intensity is relatively insensitive to the harmonic order q, following rapid intensity fall for the lowest harmonics. Several theoretical methods have been explored to describe the nonperturbative behavior of harmonic generation in intense optical fields, which have the unifying theme of calculating dipole radiation from an electron under the influence of the optical field. An alternative framework based on the QED formalism for describing HHG was recently introduced in which the atom and the quantized high optical field was treated as an isolated system with well-defined energy and momentum. The electron-laser interaction is described nonperturbatively by quantized field Volkov states which are modified in a perturbative manner to introduce a harmonic field. As a result, radiation is produced by transitions between quantized Volkov states that experience a phase shift during the process. Such a dressed continuum-to-continuum transition is different from dipole transitions and highlights a direct photon-conversion process in which q fundamental photons are annihilated to produce single harmonic photons with the electron energy unchanged.
Private Retrieval of POI Details in Top-K Queries

Location privacy preservation algorithms in the context of location-based services have evolved in the recent years. However, a majority of the proposals assume that points of interests (POI) are ranked only by distance, and demand extensive architectural changes. As a result, a significant gap remains between academic proposals and the industry standard of implementing location based services. Recent advances in mobile device capabilities, more specifically in their computational power and energy efficiency, have opened the possibility of engaging the client hardware more actively in the execution of a privacy algorithm, thereby relaxing strong dependencies on trusted third parties or the service provider. With this motivation, we propose a novel privacy algorithm that determines the most prominent result set through operations restricted to the client device, thereby limiting the communication of precise location information to the service provider. The service provider only acts as a data source, and is required to perform operations that are within existing industry norms. By measuring the privacy offered by the algorithm under a formal threat model, we demonstrate its robustness and practicability, and supplement our conclusions with empirical evidence.
Epistemography and Professional CSCL Environment Design

This study uses the epistemographic method to examine how professionals link ways of doing, thinking, and knowing in an epistemic frame that guides their reflection-in- action, which can inform the design of professional computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments. This study examines student engineers learning design in a co-op program at a manufacturing company to investigate how participant structures, activities, and pedagogies are connected to an epistemic understanding of the profession. The analysis describes the significant participant structures in the engineering co-op program and the pedagogical techniques that are used in these participant structures. The analysis suggests that participant structures and pedagogical techniques are both orchestrated by and orchestrate the development of one of the central epistemological features of collaborative engineering design. These results suggest that epistemographic analysis is a useful tool in the development and analysis of professional CSCL environments.
Lattice Multiscale Singular Perturbation Theory

Singular perturbation theory is a Fourier space problem in which extensive quantities, such as the power moments, define a representation on which to build an analytical framework. For some linear systems, the moments are directly obtainable. For nonlinear ODEs this is impossible. However, by appealing to the high temperature lattice expansion philosophy of Bender et al (although not necessarily to their continuation methods) the moments for some nonlinear ODEs may be generated. Through successive application of Fourier-Resonance reconstruction (and its generalization through Polya-Pade representations) ‘global’ approximate solutions can be obtained from knowledge of the moments.
Evacuation performance evaluation tool.

Objective: Hospitals conduct evacuation exercises to improve performance during emergency events. An essential aspect in this process is the creation of reliable and valid evaluation tools. The objective of this article is to describe the development and implications of a disaster evacuation performance tool that measures one portion of the very complex process of evacuation. Design: Through the application of the Delphi technique and DeVellis's framework, disaster and neonatal experts provided input in developing this performance evaluation tool. Following development, content validity and reliability of this tool were assessed. Setting: Large pediatric hospital and medical center in the Midwest. Participants: The tool was pilot tested with an administrative, medical, and nursing leadership group and then implemented with a group of 68 healthcare workers during a disaster exercise of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Results: The tool has demonstrated high content validity with a scale validity index of 0.979 and inter-rater reliability G coefficient (0.984, 95% CI: 0.948-0.9952). Conclusions: The Delphi process based on the conceptual framework of DeVellis yielded a psychometrically sound evacuation performance evaluation tool for a NICU.
Culture and End-of-Life Care

Culture assumes particular prominence during terminal illness when dramatic, life-saving medical rescue becomes impossible and all must face the mystery and fearsomeness of death. Attending health professionals must be able to recognize and respect the culturally based perspectives of patients and survivors at that important time.
Optical spectroscopy and modeling of Fe 2+ ions in zinc selenide

Abstract In this work, we collect absorption and emission spectra for Fe2+ ions in zinc selenide (Fe:ZnSe) and identify trends from 10.5 to 300 K in absorption and from 5 to 300 K in emission. The absorption spectrum is used to determine free parameters in historical eigenvalue expansions for Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral potentials as described by Slack, Ham, and Chrenko. Additionally, we measure the change of the fluorescence lifetime of Fe2+ ions in ZnSe with respect to temperature from 5 to 300 K. A model of the behavior is developed and fit to the collected lifetime data. Results are compared with previously published values of the fluorescence lifetime of Fe:ZnSe and notable discrepancies are attributed to concentration-dependent effects.
Understanding the Evolutionary Historical Background Behind the Trajectories in Human Health and Disease

As we approach health problems, we need to think comprehensively from a true systems perspective to consider both proximate and ultimate causation, the how and the why, of given conditions. By Wright’s path coefficients, many present health conditions trace to genetic changes that have developed in response to environmental conditions over hundreds of millions of years. Consequently, many unseen factors impact health, such as the intricately complex Major Histocompatibility Complex and our ability to detect differences between individuals and the evidence that such differences unconsciously can impact our biases toward each other. Trajectory analysis and sensitive dependence on initial conditions involve factors that are immediate and far into the past.
Identification of Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload: An Eye-Tracking Study

Abstract Background The identification of transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) relies heavily on the nurse's surveillance activities. Eye tracking can provide important information about nurses' surveillance behaviors as they carry out the blood transfusion process. The purpose of this study was to describe the eye movements of nurses who successfully identified TACO. Sample A convenience sample consisted of 20 acute and critical care nurses. Method An observational descriptive study using eye tracking was carried out in a simulated clinical setting. Results The TACO identifying nurses had the longest duration of eye fixations on the nursing shift report, infusion pumps, bedside monitor, and documentation flow sheet. The shortest duration of eye fixations was on the patient and blood product label. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the nursing shift report was a key source of data for the TACO identifying nurses, lending support to the need for accurate and complete handoffs between nurses.
Engineering an Insulating Ferroelectric Superlattice with a Tunable Band Gap from Metallic Components

The recent discovery of "polar metals" with ferroelectriclike displacements offers the promise of designing ferroelectrics with tunable energy gaps by inducing controlled metal-insulator transitions. Here we employ first-principles calculations to design a metallic polar superlattice from nonpolar metal components and show that controlled intermixing can lead to a true insulating ferroelectric with a tunable band gap. We consider a 2/2 superlattice made of two centrosymmetric metallic oxides, La_{0.75}Sr_{0.25}MnO_{3} and LaNiO_{3}, and show that ferroelectriclike displacements are induced. The ferroelectriclike distortion is found to be strongly dependent on the carrier concentration (Sr content). Further, we show that a metal-to-insulator (MI) transition is feasible in this system via disproportionation of the Ni sites. Such a disproportionation and, hence, a MI transition can be driven by intermixing of transition metal ions between Mn and Ni layers. As a result, the energy gap of the resulting ferroelectric can be tuned by varying the degree of intermixing in the experimental fabrication method.
Risk-adjusted primary cesarean delivery rates for managed care plans in New York State, 1998.

Objective: To demonstrate the effect of risk adjustment methodologies compared to crude rates in evaluating the rate of primary cesarean deliveries in managed care plans, after accounting for known demographic and clinical factors. Risk adjustment allows for a more accurate comparison of primary cesarean delivery rates among plans, eliminating potential confounding factors that could influence rates. Methods: Data was collected from managed care plans as part of their 1998 Quality Assurance Reporting Requirements (QARR). Medicaid and commercial populations were matched to New York State Department of Health Vital Statistics birth file to produce a crude measure of cesarean deliveries per plan. Logistic regression models were then used to adjust for maternal education, age, race/ethnicity, obstetrical history, preexisting comorbid conditions, obstetrical conditions, and pregnancy-related conditions to produce adjusted rates. Results: For Medicaid, the crude analysis showed four plans that were significantly lower than the statewide Medicaid managed care rate of 9.5 per 100 live births. One plan was significantly higher. The risk-adjusted results showed one plan being significantly lower than the statewide average and none being higher. For the commercial population, seven plans were significantly lower than the average of 16.3 and four plans were higher. After risk-adjusting, three plans were significantly lower and three plans were significantly higher than the statewide average. Conclusions: Risk-adjustment of primary cesarean delivery rates allows for a more accurate comparison among managed care plans. It is hoped that the generation and publication of more accurate rates will facilitate the acceptance and use of this information by clinicians in managed care plans to focus on improving health outcomes.
Disclosure Coaching: An Ask-Tell-Ask Model to Support Clinicians in Disclosure Conversations.

ABSTRACT Error disclosure is a high-stakes, emotionally charged interaction for patients and families as well as clinicians. A failed disclosure can result in emotional distress, reduced patient and family trust, litigation, and lost opportunities to learn from and prevent subsequent errors. However, many clinicians have little expertise in handling these challenging interactions and can inadvertently make a bad situation worse. Even those clinicians who have had formal disclosure training may have trouble remembering what they were taught when faced with the need to actually discuss an error with patients. Providing just-in-time coaching to clinicians is recommended by national standards. However, there is scant training material to guide error disclosure coaches. Therefore, we developed an "Ask-Tell-Ask" model and materials to guide the disclosure coaching process. The Ask-Tell-Ask model is well-suited to provide clinicians with targeted interactive teaching immediately before a disclosure without overwhelming them with lecture-style facts that they are unlikely to retain. Such teaching would ideally be provided by trained disclosure coaches, available for just-in-time support of clinicians throughout the disclosure process. The Ask-Tell-Ask model can also help risk managers, department heads, clinical managers, attending physicians, service chiefs, and others who assist clinicians with error disclosure. Here, we describe a comprehensive approach to coaching developed over years of coaching experience that incorporates the model, its rationale, step-by-step coaching strategies and guidance (including sample scripts), and organizational considerations regarding implementation of a coaching program to support patient-centered transparent communication after harmful events.
Correlates of suicide ideation and behaviors among transgender people: A systematic review guided by ideation-to-action theory

Transgender people are at high risk for suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths compared to the general population. Several correlates of suicide ideation and attempts have been identified empirically to understand this increased risk. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review this literature. Further, a theory to understand and identify targetable factors for intervention has rarely been applied to this population. In the first systematic review guided by ideation-to-action frameworks of suicide, we systematically reviewed the literature from January 1991 to July 2017 regarding correlates of suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths among transgender people. To be included in the review, articles must have been reported in English, reported on empirical data, included a sample or subsample of transgender people, and reported separately on correlates of suicide ideation, attempts, or deaths. Two independent reviewers searched three major databases, references of included articles, and unpublished literature, which produced 45 articles for review. The review suggested that ideation-to-action frameworks would be worth investigating within this population, with attention to sources of psychological pain, social connectedness, and capacity/capability for suicide unique to this population. Additionally, other aspects of cultural identity were often studied (e.g., race, religion), suggesting the need to understand intersectionality of identities among transgender people and their effects on suicide risk. Finally, the review highlighted important limitations of the literature, namely measurement of suicide ideation and attempts and sampling method, which future work should seek to improve.
High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Siliconized Silicon Carbide Composites

Siliconized silicon carbide composites are candidate materials for ceramic components in gas turbines and heat exchangers (1,2). Properties which make these materials suited for these applications are good oxidation resistance, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion and adequate mechanical strength (1,3). Siliconized silicon carbide is a two-phase material whose microstrue ture consists of interpenetrating phases of silicon and silicon carbide. The silicon phase is dispersed throughout the continuous silicon carbide phase in either a continuous or non-continuous matrix, depending upon the amount of free silicon in the material.
Why Numbers Are Sets

I follow standard mathematical practice and theory to argue that the natural numbers are the finite von Neumann ordinals. I present the reasons standardly given for identifying the natural numbers with the finite von Neumann's (e.g., recursiveness; well-ordering principles; continuity at transfinite limits; minimality; and identification of n with the set of all numbers less than n). I give a detailed mathematical demonstration that 0 is { } and for every natural number n, n is the set of all natural numbers less than n. Natural numbers are sets. They are the finite von Neumann ordinals.
How to survive and thrive as a new breast imager: what they don't teach in fellowship.

Abstract Purpose To provide practical tips to assist new breast imagers succeed in their first job after fellowship training. Methods Transitioning from fellowship to a practicing breast radiologist is daunting for the new radiologist. There is a void in the literature addressing this transition. Practical tips are described based on various roles a new breast radiologist must navigate and highlights skills that can help ensure a successful transition and career. Results Proficiency in clinical acumen may be assisted by becoming familiar with sentinel works and feedback based on the medical outcome audit. Noninterpretive skills that can assist the transition include communication skills, delegation of tasks, and implementing hanging protocols. Depending on the practice, skills in research, education, administration, teamwork, and community engagement may also assist the successful transition. Conclusion Practical strategies can assist the new breast radiologist to become proficient at essential skills that will assist the radiologist to survive and thrive in clinical practice.
6ER-026 Perception of a peer-to-peer mentoring experience with european pharmacy students in a student-run free clinic

Background While peer-to-peer mentoring and assessment is encouraged at many academic institutions, very little information exists about the effectiveness of this model in improving learning in student-run free clinics. Moreover, there is no information available about the impact on pharmacy students’ perceptions of integrating international pharmacy exchange students into a peer-to-peer programme. Information generated by this study may provide support for the use of European students in peer-to-peer mentoring models. Purpose To investigate students’ perceptions of involving European pharmacy students in a peer-to-peer teaching model in a student-run free clinic. Material and methods Data was collected in a student-run free clinic. A model was created where P4 and 5th year European students served as preceptors. The P4 students interacted and counselled English-speaking patients, whereas the European students focused on the Spanish-speaking patients. The teaching method was a modified version of the Hunter Mastery Teaching Model. An electronic survey was given to P2, P3 and P4 students to assess clinical experiences with patients assigned to European peer students. Sixteen survey items were evaluated that included students’ perceptions in performing patient counselling, interviewing, writing electronic notes in the medical record, teaching patients how to monitor their medical condition and interacting with the medical team. Participants were asked to rate their perception of confidence from assessment statements on a 5-point rating scale, ranging from 1 – ‘Strongly disagree’ to 5 – ‘Strongly agree.’ Results The survey was presented to 43 eligible participants from August to October 2018. Thirty-two students completed the survey (74% response). Seventeen were P2, nine were P3 and six were P4 students. Sixty-one per cent of the responses strongly agreed that the presence of the European students improved their confidence when teaching and counselling Spanish-speaking patients using the peer-to-peer model. There was a strong correlation between confidence and teaching patients (r=0.571, p=0.01) and confidence and patient counselling (r=0.4517, p=0.01). Conclusion The presence of the European students in a peer-to-peer mentoring model may improve P2 and P3 students’ perception of confidence in medication counselling and teaching of Spanish-speaking patients on how to monitor their medical conditions. References and/or acknowledgements Thanks to all our student volunteers. No conflict of interest.
Topographic gradients and lode gold sourcing recorded by placer gold morphology, geochemistry, and mineral inclusions in the east fork San Gabriel River, California, U.S.A

Abstract Topography plays a major role in the morphology, geochemistry , and mineral inclusion profiles of placer gold from the East Fork of the San Gabriel River. These trends are consistent with a significant change in topographic gradient over a short distance, and coincident with the break in slope along the range-front of the San Gabriel Mountains. Placer gold from above this topographic transition is more rounded and 3-dimensional, with elevated silver in the alloy of the native gold, little evidence of gold enrichment rims, and abundant inclusions of brittle and reactive minerals. Below the topographic transition, placer gold assumes a distinctly flattened form, with lower silver alloy content, thin gold enrichment rims, and rare inclusions of relatively inert minerals. This relationship is observed for placer gold shed from two inferred lode sources within the river catchment, with placer gold from each of these sources being traceable as a unique population over at least 8 km of the river. Significantly, these placer gold properties are distinctive enough to fingerprint gold from specific portions of the placer deposit . These identifying characteristics, with virtually identical morphology and chemical trends, are observed in the large nuggets of the Mel Fisher collection of purported San Gabriel gold. These similarities appear to confirm the provenance of the collection, including identification of the specific locations where each nugget originated.
A large-scale analysis of targeted metabolomics data from heterogeneous biological samples provides insights into metabolite dynamics.

We previously developed a tandem mass spectrometry-based label-free targeted metabolomics analysis framework coupled to two distinct chromatographic methods, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) for simultaneous detection of over 200 metabolites to study core metabolic pathways. We aim to analyze a large-scale heterogeneous data compendium generated from our LC–MS/MS platform with both RPLC and HILIC methods to systematically assess measurement quality in biological replicate groups and to investigate metabolite abundance changes and patterns across different biological conditions. Our metabolomics framework was applied in a wide range of experimental systems including cancer cell lines, tumors, extracellular media, primary cells, immune cells, organoids, organs (e.g. pancreata), tissues, and sera from human and mice. We also developed computational and statistical analysis pipelines, which include hierarchical clustering, replicate-group CV analysis, correlation analysis, and case–control paired analysis. We generated a compendium of 42 heterogeneous deidentified datasets with 635 samples using both RPLC and HILIC methods. There exist metabolite signatures that correspond to various phenotypes of the heterogeneous datasets, involved in several metabolic pathways. The RPLC method shows overall better reproducibility than the HILIC method for most metabolites including polar amino acids. Correlation analysis reveals high confidence metabolites irrespective of experimental systems such as methionine, phenylalanine, and taurine. We also identify homocystine, reduced glutathione, and phosphoenolpyruvic acid as highly dynamic metabolites across all case–control paired samples. Our study is expected to serve as a resource and a reference point for a systematic analysis of label-free LC–MS/MS targeted metabolomics data in both RPLC and HILIC methods with dMRM.
A computational social science perspective on qualitative data exploration: Using topic models for the descriptive analysis of social media data*

Comparing and contrasting qualitative and quantitative methods for social media data exploration, this article describes and demonstrates the topic modeling approach for the descriptive analysis of...
How can pharmacotherapy impact the quality of life of individuals with high functioning autism

Considering how pharmacological interventions impact the lives of high functioning autistic (HFA) individuals is a matter of understanding the challenges faced by each individual. Given the heterog...
Sickle Cell Disease

People with sickle cell disease (SCD) require special attention in the perioperative period because their abnormal hemoglobin(s) cause structural changes in their red blood cells during stressful physiologic conditions that lead to several comorbidities (e.g., acute vaso-occlusive painful episodes, chronic hemolytic anemia, functional asplenia, end-organ damage, and chronic SCD pain). The preoperative evaluation focuses on identifying comorbidities and determining their appropriate management, while the perioperative period focuses on optimizing hemoglobin levels, electrolytes, and pain management to avoid postoperative SCD-related complications.
Pushing Back from the Table: Fighting to Maintain My Voice as a Pre-tenure Minority Female in the White Academy

Part autoethnography and part literature review, the first year of an African American female's journey on the tenure track is documented. Detailing personal struggles with microaggressions, tokenism, invisibility, and hyper-visibility, this account aims to highlight personal stories in the literature in an attempt to increase the retention rate of minority faculty by raising their awareness and therefore their preparedness to deal with the precarious positions in which they will exist. Such stories facilitate understanding, encourage strategy development and coping skills.
Teleophthalmology: an essential tool in the era of the novel coronavirus 2019.

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to assess the current state of teleophthalmology given the sudden surge in telemedicine demand in response to the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Recent findings Recommendations and policies from government and national health organizations, combined with social distancing, have led to exponential increases in telemedicine use. Teleophthalmology can be integrated into ophthalmic care delivery. In the emergency room, teleophthalmology can be utilized to triage patients and diagnose common ophthalmic eye diseases. Ophthalmology practices can utilize real-time medicine to conduct many parts of an in-person exam. In cases where more complex diagnostic tools are warranted, a model incorporating telemedicine and focused in-person visits may still be beneficial. Innovative technologies emerging in the market allow for increased remote monitoring, screening, and management of adult and pediatric patients for common eye diseases. Summary COVID-19 created a demand for healthcare delivery that limits in-person examination and potential viral exposure. Teleophthalmology allows ophthalmologists to continue caring for patients while keeping physicians and patients safe. Although challenges still exist, the pandemic has accelerated the adoption of teleophthalmology. As a result, teleophthalmology will play an integral role in providing high-quality efficient care in the near future.