cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Anterior Plating on Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective review. Objective: To compare surgical outcomes of patients who have undergone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with and without plating. Summary of Background Data: In biomechanical testing, ALIF constructs supplemented with plating (ALIFP) reduce range of motion and increase construct stiffness compared with ALIF alone. However, whether ALIFP constructs translate into improved clinical outcomes over ALIF alone is unknown. Methods: From 2004 through 2010, 231 patients underwent ALIF with (146) or without (85) plating. Eight patients lost to follow up were excluded from final evaluation. Patients’ records were evaluated retrospectively for demographics, complications, and outcomes. Results: At a mean follow-up of 13.7 months (range, 1–108 mo), the mean Economic, Functional, and Total Prolo scores for ALIF patients were 4.23, 3.63, and 7.87, respectively. The mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was 24%. At a mean follow-up of 11.2 months (range, 1–93 mo), the mean Economic, Functional, and Total Prolo scores for ALIFP patients were 4.28, 3.67, and 7.95, respectively. The mean ODI was 22.9%. There was no significant difference between rate of complications or Prolo scores or ODI between the 2 groups (t test). Neither diabetes, hypertension, smoking, sex, nor age older than 55 years was significantly related to whether patients had higher Prolo scores with or without plating. Patients with a normal body mass index and ALIF had significantly better Prolo Economic scores and total scores than patients with a normal body mass index and ALIFP (P=0.04 and 0.02, independent samples t test). Patients were also stratified by surgical indication for surgery, and there was no significant difference in Prolo scores or ODI for patients who underwent ALIF alone versus ALIFP. Conclusions: Even when stratified by indication for surgery, anterior plating does not seem to improve Prolo scores or ODI, suggesting that not all patients undergoing ALIF require plating.
Electrical Distance Approach for Searching Vulnerable Branches During Contingencies

The large-scale power system outage is one of the most catastrophic disasters in modern society that results in enormous damage of billions per year for U.S. economy. So, system operators are required to maintain plans for any unforeseen event that forces power system to operate without reliability. Contingency analysis is one of the well-known methods to paint the future scenarios in the power system. However, large numbers of possible ${N-k}$ combinations make its assessment computationally prohibitive. This paper proposes a new method to search most vulnerable transmission lines efficiently based on electrical distance. Specifically, a new electrical network is first built based on the impedance matrix (by inverting admittance matrix). Then, we will prune this impedance matrix based on the number of connections in topology network. Next, the common connections in two different structures (i.e., electrical network and topology network) will be observed for contingency experiments. Our results verify that violations of transmission lines limit due to contingencies are mostly associated with those common branches. In addition, voltage profiles are studied to validate that the vulnerable transmission lines found above are critical in power system stability.
The cultural Red King effect

Why do minority groups tend to be discriminated against when it comes to situations of bargaining and resource division? In this article, I explore an explanation for this disadvantage that appeals...
Improving the accuracy of Møller-Plesset perturbation theory with neural networks.

Noncovalent interactions are of fundamental importance across the disciplines of chemistry, materials science, and biology. Quantum chemical calculations on noncovalently bound complexes, which allow for the quantification of properties such as binding energies and geometries, play an essential role in advancing our understanding of, and building models for, a vast array of complex processes involving molecular association or self-assembly. Because of its relatively modest computational cost, second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory is one of the most widely used methods in quantum chemistry for studying noncovalent interactions. MP2 is, however, plagued by serious errors due to its incomplete treatment of electron correlation, especially when modeling van der Waals interactions and π-stacked complexes. Here we present spin-network-scaled MP2 (SNS-MP2), a new semi-empirical MP2-based method for dimer interaction-energy calculations. To correct for errors in MP2, SNS-MP2 uses quantum chemical features of the complex under study in conjunction with a neural network to reweight terms appearing in the total MP2 interaction energy. The method has been trained on a new data set consisting of over 200 000 complete basis set (CBS)-extrapolated coupled-cluster interaction energies, which are considered the gold standard for chemical accuracy. SNS-MP2 predicts gold-standard binding energies of unseen test compounds with a mean absolute error of 0.04 kcal mol-1 (root-mean-square error 0.09 kcal mol-1), a 6- to 7-fold improvement over MP2. To the best of our knowledge, its accuracy exceeds that of all extant density functional theory- and wavefunction-based methods of similar computational cost, and is very close to the intrinsic accuracy of our benchmark coupled-cluster methodology itself. Furthermore, SNS-MP2 provides reliable per-conformation confidence intervals on the predicted interaction energies, a feature not available from any alternative method.
Designing opportune stress intervention delivery timing using multi-modal data

This paper describes a micro-stress intervention system for information office workers in the workplace, their responses to the interventions and machine learning models to predict the most opportune timing for providing the interventions. We studied 30 office workers for 10 days and examined their work patterns by monitoring their computer and application usage, sleep, activity, heart rate and its variability, as well as the history of micro-stress interventions provided through our desktop software. We analyzed temporal patterns of stress intervention acceptance/rejection and the relationships between their subjective and objective responses to the interventions and perceived work engagement, challenge and stress levels. We then developed machine learning models to predict better stress intervention delivery timing based on this multi-modal data. We found that features from computer and application usage, activity, heart rate variability and stress intervention history showed up to 80.0% accuracy in predicting good or bad intervention timing using a multi-kernel support vector machine algorithm. These findings could help practitioners design the most effective, just-in-time, closed-loop, stress interventions. To our knowledge, this is one of the first papers to review opportune stress interventions' delivery timing research, which could have a big influence in designing stress intervention technologies.
George Berkeley and Jonathan Edwards on idealism: considering an old question in light of new evidence

Since 1829, it has been the received and accepted scholarly opinion that Jonathan Edwards did not read the writings of George Berkeley and thus was not influenced thereby in the development of his ...
Cognitive Reappraisal and Acceptance: Effects on Emotion, Physiology, and Perceived Cognitive Costs

Two emotion regulation strategies—cognitive reappraisal and acceptance—are both associated with beneficial psychological health outcomes over time. However, it remains unclear whether these 2 strategies are associated with differential consequences for emotion, physiology, or perceived cognitive costs in the short-term. The present study used a within-subjects design to examine the effects of reappraisal (reframing one’s thoughts) and acceptance (accepting feelings without trying to control or judge them) on the subjective experience of negative emotions, positive emotions, and physiological responses during and following recovery from sad film clips shown in the laboratory. Participants also reported on perceived regulatory effort, difficulty, and success after deploying each emotion regulation strategy. In 2 samples of participants (N = 142), reappraisal (vs. acceptance) was associated with larger decreases in negative and larger increases in positive emotions, both during the film clips and recovery period. However, acceptance was perceived as less difficult to deploy than reappraisal, and was associated with a smaller dampening of skin conductance level (indicating more successful regulation) during the film clips in 1 sample. These results suggest that reappraisal and acceptance may exert differential short-term effects: Whereas reappraisal is more effective for changing subjective experiences in the short term, acceptance may be less difficult to deploy and be more effective at changing one’s physiological response. Thus, these 2 strategies may both be considered “effective” for different reasons.
Informal support experiences of older African-American gay men living with HIV/AIDS

In lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) scholarship, there is paucity in empirical literature documenting the specific ways in which HIV-positive African-American gay men and lesbian wome...
Material removal rate model for magnetorheological finishing (MRF) of optical glasses with nanodiamond MR fluid

We present a material removal rate model for MRF of optical glasses using nanodiamond MR fluid. The new model incorporates terms for drag force, polishing particle properties, chemical durability and glass composition into an existing model that contains only terms for the glass mechanical properties. Experimental results for six optical glasses are given that support this model.
An Instructional Factors Analysis of an Online Logical Fallacy Tutoring System

The proliferation of fake news has underscored the importance of critical thinking in the civic education curriculum. Despite this recognized importance, systems designed to foster these kinds of critical thinking skills are largely absent from the educational technology space. In this work, we utilize an instructional factors analysis in conjunction with an online tutoring system to determine if logical fallacies are best learned through deduction, induction, or some combination of both. We found that while participants were able to learn the informal fallacies using inductive practice alone, deductive explanations were more beneficial for learning.
Social aversive conditioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis and with psychosis: An ERP study.

Abstract Background Social cognition and emotion processing are compromised in schizophrenia. Disruptions in these domains may also be present during the psychosis-risk state. Aversive conditioning is an established translational research paradigm to investigate affective reactivity and learning. Using an aversive conditioning ERP paradigm with social cues, we examined whether psychosis patients and at-risk youths differentially respond to aversively conditioned faces. Methods Participants (ages 10–30) were enrolled into three demographically-matched groups: clinical risk for psychosis (CR, n = 32), psychosis (PS, n = 26), and healthy control (HC, n = 33). EEGs were recorded during a delay aversive conditioning task in which three neutral faces were paired with an aversive tone at 100%, 50% and 0% contingencies. Analysis focused on group differences in ERP peaks representing visual processing (occipital P120), emotional valence (frontal VPP), and directed attention (parietal-occipital P300), for dimensions of aversiveness (100% vs. 0%) and unpredictability (50% vs. 100% + 0%). Results HC, but not CR or PS, showed increased P300 amplitude to aversive vs. non-aversive conditioned stimuli. CR, but not PS or HC, showed increased VPP amplitude to unpredictable vs. predictable stimuli. Conclusions PS and CR both fail to allocate appropriate salience to social cues that are predictably aversive. CR, but not PS exhibit heightened emotional reactivity to social cues that are of uncertain salience. Clinical risk for schizophrenia may involve neural abnormalities distinct from both healthy and fully-established disease states.
Israel: The Case for Ambiguity

Everyone agrees, Israel did achieve the ability to build and deliver nuclear weapons in the 1960s. Yet, Israel has neither confirmed nor denied its capability. Israel has adopted John Boyd’s priorities of people, ideas, and then technology. The tacit knowledge provided for the Israeli program came from the first generation of American scientists including J. Robert Oppenheime, Edward Teller, and even Albert Einstein. The Observe, Orient, Decision, and Action (OODA) Loop is applied to the Israeli case. This case study highlights the usefulness of ambiguity in how a state can achieve nuclear status without causing crises and recriminations. Israel proliferated and the world looked away.
Educational and Social Issues for Adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome

In short, early planning along with a great deal of networking and creativity is required on behalf of adolescents with PWS. Schools must provide relevant programs to prepare these students for an entirely new set of challenges. Parents must continue to work collaboratively with educators while they advocate for their sons and daughters. Indeed, the adult service system is generally not as “user friendly” as the educational system and requires continued diligence in securing needed services and programs.
Sex, weight status, and chronic kidney disease among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

Background: Obesity has been shown to have implications for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, it has received minimal attention from scientists studying CKD among African Americans. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the manner in which weight status has implications for CKD among this group through analysis of data drawn from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a single-site longitudinal populationbased cohort. Participants: The data for this study were drawn from the baseline examination of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). The analytic cohort consisted of 3430 African American men and women (21Y84 years of age) living in the tricounty area of the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan areas with complete data to determine CKD status. Main Measurements: The primary dependent variable was CKD (defined as the presence of albuminuria or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate G60 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ). Weight status, the primary predictor, was a 4-category measure based on body mass index. Results: Associations were explored through bivariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for CKD, weight status, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as demographic factors. The prevalence of CKD in the JHS was 20%. The proportion of overweight, class I, and class II obese individuals was 32.5%, 26.9%, and 26.2% respectively. In the pooled model, weight status was not found to be associated with CKD; however, subgroup analysis revealed that class II obesity was associated with CKD among men (odds ratio, 2.37; confidence interval, 1.34Y4.19) but not among women (odds ratio, 1.32; confidence interval, 0.88Y1.98). The relationship between CKD prevalence and diabetes and CKD prevalence and hypertension varied by sex and differed across weight categories. Conclusions: Weight status has implications for CKD among the JHS participants, and this study underscores the need for additional research investigating the relationship between weight status, sex, and CKD among African Americans.
The Real and Complex Numbers

This chapter describes the real and complex numbers. A complete ordered field has been constructed. There is a notion of completeness for metric spaces, and a standard method for implanting metric spaces into complete metric spaces. There is also a kind of completeness known as “algebraic completion.” The chapter discusses the open, closed, right half-open, and left half-open intervals.
Diffuse Brain Injury Complicated by Acute Subdural Hematoma in the Rodents: The Effect of Early or Delayed Surgical Evacuation

Of all the possible clinical factors affecting the outcome of patients suffering acute subdural hematomas (SDH), timing of surgical evacuation is certainly the most debated. The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental model able to reproduce the clinical behavior of post-traumatic SDH as observed in head injured patients. We present a novel model of SDH combined with diffuse brain injury (DBI), and investigate the effects of early and delayed surgical evacuation.
Differential effects of permanent and rotating shifts on self-report sleep length: a meta-analytic review.

Study objectives The current study used the meta-analytic technique to quantitatively assess the effects of permanent and rotating shift-work schedules on sleep length. Design A meta-analysis was completed on 36 primary studies resulting in 165 effect sizes. Effect sizes comparing shift-workers to a permanent day shift control group were calculated for permanent evening shifts, permanent night shifts, and morning, evening, and night shifts worked as part of slowly and rapidly rotating shift systems. Setting NA PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: NA INTERVENTIONS: NA RESULTS: Permanent night shifts resulted in a decrease, whereas permanent evening shifts resulted in an increase in sleep length. The shifts within rotating schedules followed the same pattern, with the addition of morning shifts having a moderate detrimental effect on sleep length. Furthermore, the speed of shift rotation had an impact. Slowly rotating shifts, in general, had the least detrimental effect on sleep length of the permanent and rotating shift-work schedules studied here. The pattern of effects among morning, evening, and night shifts was the same for rapidly and slowly rotating shifts, with night shifts having the greatest detrimental effect, morning shifts having a moderate detrimental effect and evening shifts having a positive effect on sleep length. In addition, nights on rotating shifts had a greater negative effect on sleep length than permanent night shifts. Conclusions Slowly rotating shifts have the least negative impact on sleep length of shift-work schedules including a night shift. However, permanent night shifts could be an alternative shift-work schedule in operational settings that require many workers at night.
The Use of Gaspé Variety for the Study of Pollen and Anther Development in Maize

The male reproductive tissue in Z. mays, from anther and pollen development to pollen germination, has been well characterized at the plant and cell level (Bonnett, 1948; Weatherwax, 1955; Cheng, Greyson and Waldon, 1979). In addition, biochemical studies describing the enzymes contained in mature pollen grains are abundant (see Miller, 1982). Recently, the developmental programs that underlie anther differentiation (Abbott, Ainsworth and Flavell, 1984) and pollen germination (Mascarenhas et al., 1984) have begun to yield to molecular investigation.
On the real-time control of an intelligent robotic system

The high level decision making of the digital computer and the advanced mathematical modeling and synthesis techniques of system theory, provide the tools towards the realization of an Intelligent Robotic System, capable for performing complex and various but specific tasks. A unified approach of the different steps needed for the utilization of such a system is presented and the real-time problems are discussed. As an application of the approach suggested, a Unimation PUMA-600 series robot arm is used.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1 qPCR in the Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Organ Transplant Recipients and Critically Ill Patients

Objectives To determine a quantitative herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA threshold in lower respiratory tract specimens that correlates with positive viral culture and clinical outcomes. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial wash samples from 53 HSV culture-positive and 61 culture-negative matched controls were tested using HSV-1 and HSV-2 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Median viral culture turnaround time was 21.8 days and 9.9 days for culture-negative and culture-positive specimens, respectively. Using an HSV-1 viral load threshold of 1.62 × 103 copies/mL, there was 93% agreement with viral culture. An HSV-1 viral load ≥1.3 × 104 copies/mL was associated with worse clinical outcome compared to a viral load <1.3 × 104 copies/mL (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.27, P = .017), and there was a trend of worse outcome compared to patients with undetectable HSV-1 DNA (HR = 1.60, P = .056). Conclusions qPCR has clinical utility for rapid accurate identification of HSV-1 in lower respiratory tract specimens.
Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics Study of C60 and Other Carbon Clusters

The structure and dynamics of C60 buckyball and carbon clusters C n (n=2–90) have been studied with molecular dynamics simulations using a tight-binding potential model. The studies show that it is possible to nucleate a ‘buckyball-like’ cluster by cooling and compressing carbon atoms from the gas phase. The studies also show that there is a transition from one-dimensional linear and cyclic structures to two-dimensional cage structures as the number of carbon atoms reaches n=20. Magic numbers for fullerene formation energy are observed at n=50,60,70 and 84.
Power and thick tails: an ARCH process example with extreme value as test statistic

We show how an extreme value statistical test, designed under the assumption of normality, achieves higher power than traditional tests when the underlying distribution turns out to have thicker ta...
Sensitivity of Numerical Simulations of Near-Surface Atmospheric Conditions to Snow Depth and Surface Albedo during an Ice Fog Event over Heber Valley

AbstractThis study examines the sensitivity of numerical simulations of near-surface atmospheric conditions to the initial surface albedo and snow depth during an observed ice fog event in the Hebe...
A Clinical Overview of Off-label Use of Gabapentinoid Drugs

Background The gabapentinoid drugs gabapentin and pregabalin were originally developed as antiseizure drugs but now are prescribed mainly for treatment of pain. For gabapentin, the only pain-related indication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is postherpetic neuralgia. For pregabalin, FDA-approved indications related to pain are limited to postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy or spinal cord injury, and fibromyalgia. Despite these limited indications, gabapentin and pregabalin are widely prescribed off-label for various other pain syndromes. Such use is growing, possibly because clinicians are searching increasingly for alternatives to opioids. Observations This report summarizes the limited published evidence to support off-label gabapentinoid uses, describes clinical cases in which off-label use is problematic, and notes how review articles and guidelines tend to overstate gabapentinoid effectiveness. Conclusions Clinicians who prescribe gabapentinoids off-label for pain should be aware of the limited evidence and should acknowledge to patients that potential benefits are uncertain for most off-label uses.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Patients With Return of Spontaneous Circulation After Cardiac Arrest Owing to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine the survival to hospital discharge of patients who were treated with venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure after cardiac arrest. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University-affiliated tertiary care hospitals. Participants The study comprised 21 patients. Interventions Implementation of VV ECMO in patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest owing to respiratory insufficiency. Measurements and Main Results The most common etiology of arrest was pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (8/21 [38%]). Overall, 12/21(57%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Two of 12 (17%) patients required hemodialysis upon discharge. Conclusion VV ECMO may be an appropriate alternative to venoarterial ECMO in select patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest owing to profound respiratory failure.
Immunomodulation as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Glaucoma Treatment.

This review aims to highlight the current knowledge about inflammatory mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma with emphasis on potential immunomodulation strategies. Glaucomatous retina and optic nerve present multiple evidences of inflammatory responses of astroglia, microglia, and blood-borne immune cells. Although adaptive/protective responses of resident or systemic immune cells can support neurons and promote tissue repair mechanisms after injurious insults, prolonged inflammatory processes can also produce neurotoxic mediators. Treatments targeting these neurodestructive outcomes may restore immune homeostasis and protect neurons from inflammatory injury. Due to widespread and chronic nature of neuroinflammation in glaucoma, immunomodulation offers a treatment strategy to protect different neuronal compartments of RGCs during the chronic and asynchronous course of neurodegeneration. Uncovering of distinct molecular responses and interactions of different immune cells that determine the neuroinflammatory phenotype and participate in neurodegenerative outcomes will be critical to develop effective strategies for immunomodulation in glaucoma. Neuroinflammation has increasingly been recognized to play an important role in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and its modulation appears to be a promising treatment strategy for neuroprotection.
The history gap: Collective memory, journalism, and public discourse on racial achievement disparities in progressive communities:

This study examines the way history is invoked in discussions about the racial achievement gap in three progressive cities in the United States. It considers how community members and institutions ...
Supervision and Safety Precautions for Exercise Testing

Exercise testing in pediatric patients and older patients with congenital heart disease is a very low-risk undertaking. Risks may be minimized by providing the exercise laboratory with appropriate safety equipment, providing the staff with appropriate training and education, and ensuring that adequate supervision and backup is available when needed. High-risk patients may be identified on the basis of clinical criteria, prior to exercise testing. The precautions and resources needed to ensure patient safety can then be mobilized in a timely and efficient manner.
Constraining and Channeling Corporate Political Power in Trump’s America

The purpose of this chapter is to flesh out three concrete examples of how corporate law and other areas of business regulation might be adjusted to mitigate some of the harmful effects of corporate political involvement. The first of the three concrete suggestions focuses on the obligations and structure of corporate governance. If corporations are to act as citizens in a democracy, we can require corporations to import democratic norms within their governance structures. The second policy idea relates to taxation. We know that the government can condition tax benefits on the agreement of recipients to do or not do certain things. This legal tool is subject to important constraints, most notably a doctrine that limits the ability of government to condition benefits on the recipient’s waiver of constitutional rights. But I believe a provision can be crafted that would limit corporate political activity and withstand constitutional scrutiny. The third idea is to use state law to include limitations on corporate political activity within the foundational chartering documents of corporations in their state of incorporation. But before sketching these ideas, this chapter will first grapple with the implications of Donald Trump ’s recent election for the debate on corporate political power.
Effects of Gap Position on Perceptual Gap Detection Across Late Childhood and Adolescence.

The ability to detect a silent gap within a sound is critical for accurate speech perception, and gap detection has been shown to have an extended developmental trajectory. In certain conditions, the detectability of the gap decreases as the gap is placed closer to the beginning of the signal. Early in development, the detection of gaps shortly after signal onset may be especially difficult due to immaturities in the encoding and perception of rapidly changing sounds. The present study explored the development of gap detection from age 8 to 19 years, specifically when the temporal placement of the gap varied. Performance improved with age for all temporal placements of the gap, demonstrating a gradual maturation of gap detection abilities throughout adolescence. Younger adolescents did not benefit from increasing gap onset times, while older adolescents’ thresholds gradually improved as gap onset time lengthened. Regardless of age, listeners learned between the two testing days but did not improve within days. Younger adolescents had poorer thresholds for the last block of testing on the second day, returning to baseline performance despite learning between days. These data support earlier studies showing that gaps are harder to detect near stimulus onset and confirm that gap detection abilities continue to mature into adolescence. The data also suggest that younger adolescents do not receive the same benefit of increasing gap onset time and respond differently to repeated testing than older adolescents and young adults.
Higher-Order Peridynamic Material Correspondence Models for Elasticity

Higher-order peridynamic material correspondence model can be developed based on the formulation of higher-order deformation gradient and constitutive correspondence with generalized continuum theories. In this paper, we present formulations of higher-order peridynamic material correspondence models adopting the material constitutive relations from the strain gradient theories. Similar to the formulation of the first-order deformation gradient, the weighted least squares technique is employed to construct the second-order and the third-order deformation gradients. Force density states are then derived as the Frechet derivatives of the free energy density with respect to the deformation states. Connections to the second-order and the third-order strain gradient elasticity theories are established by realizing the relationships between the energy conjugate stresses of the higher-order deformation gradients in peridynamics and the stress measures in strain gradient theories. In addition to the horizon, length-scale parameters from strain gradient theories are explicitly incorporated into the higher-order peridynamic material correspondence models, which enables application of peridynamics theory to materials at micron and sub-micron scales where length-scale effects are significant.
Mapping Flat, Deep, and Slow: On the ‘Spirit of Place’ in New Cinema History

This essay engages in a creative, heuristic, and reflexive consideration of the ‘localities’ of cinema audiences by exploring New Cinema History as a place. New Cinema History is conceptualised as a place continually produced in and through its interactions with the heterogeneous multiplicities of situated audiences and experiences of cinema that form the topoi of its landscape of inquiry. In reflecting on how this placialised landscape has been and might be represented, I argue that New Cinema History’s ‘spirit of place’ is most productive when rendered within a ‘splatial’ framework that draws upon practices of flat, deep, and slow mapping to offer new possibilities for bridging space and place, narrative and cartography, and history and geography. These practices motivate myriad forms of collaboration and data exchange among diverse projects and stakeholders that perforate and continually redraw boundaries of knowledge using dynamic, multiple, open tactics for representing and recombining research.
391. Outcomes of Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy in COVID-19 Positive Patients

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed new challenges for antimicrobial stewardship Optimal medical treatment is not completely understood at this time The epidemiology and outcomes of bacterial co-infections are not well-established;however, empiric antibiotic (abx) use is anecdotally common The purpose of this study is to characterize empiric antimicrobial drug selection and timing in COVID-19 and evaluate the impact on patient outcomes Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study for COVID-19 positive inpatients from March 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020 at an academic medical center and 4 community hospitals Inclusion: patients with a documented positive COVID-19 PCR nasopharyngeal swab Exclusion: patients less than 18 years;deceased or transitioned to hospice within 24 hours of admission Primary endpoint: empiric abx drug, initiation, duration and indication Additional data collected: severity of illness, co-infection diagnosis, microbiology, and adverse drug effects (ADE) Clinical outcomes included time to recovery by COVID-19 ordinal outcome, clinical status at day 15, and readmission Results: 400 patients were included with 27% from the ICU COVID symptom category included mild (23 8%), moderate (53%), severe (15%), and critical (8 3%) within 1 day of admission Most common documented indication community-acquired pneumonia (69%) Identified 43 (10 8%) microbiologically confirmed co-infections, including 5 MRSA and 7 Pseudomonas Median duration of initial abx 4 days 54/322 (16 8%) had abx restarted after discontinuation Median days to recovery without abx was 10 days (7 - 14) and 14 days (9 - 20) with abx Patient characteristics and outcomes described in table 1 74 abx related ADE were identified: gastrointestinal 37 and renal 22 Conclusion: It's difficult to distinguish bacterial and Covid-19 in coinfections in patients ill enough to be hospitalized Longer courses of empiric abx therapy were prevalent as the severity of illness increased However, the low frequency of microbiologically confirmed bacterial co-infections results in potentially unnecessary abx exposure This exposure increases risk of abx ADE and may not improve clinical outcome
Control of Chemical Reaction Pathways by Light-Matter Coupling

Because plasmonic metal nanostructures combine strong light absorption with catalytically active surfaces, they have become platforms for the light-assisted catalysis of chemical reactions. The enhancement of reaction rates by plasmonic excitation has been extensively discussed. This review focuses on a less discussed aspect: the induction of new reaction pathways by light excitation. Through commentary on seminal reports, we describe the principles behind the optical modulation of chemical reactivity and selectivity on plasmonic metal nanostructures. Central to these phenomena are excited charge carriers generated by plasmonic excitation, which modify the energy landscape available to surface reactive species and unlock pathways not conventionally available in thermal catalysis. Photogenerated carriers can trigger bond dissociation or desorption in an adsorbate-selective manner, drive charge transfer and multielectron redox reactions, and generate radical intermediates. Through one or more of these mechanisms, a specific pathway becomes favored under light. By improved control over these mechanisms, light-assisted catalysis can be transformational for chemical synthesis and energy conversion.
Growth and fluid-assisted alteration of accessory phases before, during and after Rodinia breakup: U-Pb geochronology from the Moine Supergroup rocks of northern Scotland

Abstract Accessory phase geochronology records several phases of metamorphism that affected Moine metasedimentary rocks in the Northern Highlands Terrane of Scotland. Within the Sgurr Beag nappe, monazite and xenotime record initial metamorphism at c. 750 Ma, with later resetting at c. 600 Ma and c. 425 Ma. Monazite, xenotime, titanite and zircon also cryptically record c. 750 Ma and c. 600 Ma metamorphism in the Naver and Ben Hope nappes prior to the dominant 435-415 Ma Scandian orogeny. Textural, geochemical, and isotopic data indicate that c. 600 Ma and c. 425 Ma isotopic resetting in the Sgurr Beag nappe was caused by fluid-mediated dissolution and reprecipitation of monazite and xenotime. The compositions of fluid-altered monazite fall into two distinct trends, with high and low Y+HREE apparently reflecting the distinct timing and temperature conditions of dissolution and reprecipitation. Monazite-xenotime thermometry is applied to constrain the temperatures of fluid alteration. High Y+HREE, low Th/U monazite is related to high temperature (∼650°C) alteration at c. 600 Ma and low Y+HREE, high Th/U monazite is related to lower temperature (∼400°C) reactivity at c. 425 Ma. These data show that the composition of reprecipitated monazite is sensitive to metamorphic conditions during fluid alteration and is therefore useful in understanding the evolution of polyphase metamorphic terranes. These data suggest that a widespread metamorphic or metasomatic event affected northern Scotland at c. 600 Ma, likely related to higher heat flux and magmatic activity during the break-up of Rodinia. Additionally, the now adjacent Sgurr Beag and Moine nappes appear to have contrasting metamorphic records at least until Caledonian orogenesis, which suggests that final regional scale motion on the Sgurr Beag thrust must be of Caledonian age.
Contemporary Film and the Empathy Controversy: Part 2:

Part 2 of this article presents a reading of three films—first, The Blind Side (2009) about the interracial adoption of a Black teenager by a White upper-middle class family, second, The Kids Are A...
Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model and Large Urban Academic Centers: Future Implications for Patients and Providers.

The radiation oncology alternative payment model (RO-APM) was developed by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, a part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, as a vehicle to o...
The Potential Role of Salt Abuse on the Risk for Kidney Stone Formation

The kidney stone-forming risk of a high sodium diet was evaluated by assessing the effect of such a diet on the crystallization of stone-forming salts in urine. Fourteen normal subjects participated in 2 phases of study of 10 days duration each, comprising a low sodium phase (basal metabolic diet containing 50 mmol. sodium per day) and a high sodium phase (basal diet plus 250 mmol. sodium chloride per day). The high sodium intake significantly increased urinary sodium (34 +/- 12 to 267 +/- 56 mmol. per day), calcium (2.73 +/- 1.03 to 3.93 +/- 1.51 mmol. per day) and pH (5.79 +/- 0.44 to 6.15 +/- 0.25), and significantly decreased urinary citrate (3.14 +/- 1.19 to 2.52 +/- 0.83 mmol. per day). Arterialized venous blood bicarbonate and total serum carbon dioxide concentrations decreased significantly during the high sodium diet, whereas serum chloride concentration increased. However, no change in arterialized venous pH was detected. Thus, a high sodium intake not only increased calcium excretion, but also increased urinary pH and decreased citrate excretion. The latter effects are probably due to sodium-induced bicarbonaturia and a significant decrease in serum bicarbonate concentration, respectively. Commensurate with these changes, the urinary saturation of calcium phosphate (brushite) and monosodium urate increased, and the inhibitor activity against calcium oxalate crystallization (formation product) decreased. The net effect of a high sodium diet was an increased propensity for the crystallization of calcium salts in urine.
Determinants of Item Nonresponse to Web and Mail Respondents in Three Address-Based Mixed-Mode Surveys of the General Public

Determinants of Item Nonresponse to Web and Mail Respondents in Three Address-Based Mixed-Mode Surveys of the General Public
DaProS: a data property specification tool to capture scientific sensor data properties

Environmental scientists have begun to use advanced technologies such as wireless sensor networks and robotic trams equipped with sensors to collect data, such as spectral readings and carbon dioxide, which is leading to a rapid increase in the amount of data being stored. This has resulted in a need to evaluate promptly the accuracy of the data, the meaning of the data, and the correct operation of the instrumentation in order to not lose valuable time and information. Performing such evaluations requires scientists to rely on their knowledge and experience in the field. Field knowledge is rarely shared or reused by other scientists mostly because of the lack of a well-defined methodology for sharing information and appropriate tool support. This work presents the Data Property Specification (DaProS) tool that assists practitioners in specification and refinement of properties that can be used to check data quality. The tool can be used to capture scientific knowledge about data processes in remote sensing systems through the use of decision trees and questionnaires that guide practitioners in the specification process. In addition, the tool uses Disciplined Natural Language (DNL) property representations for scientists to validate that the specifications capture the intended meaning.
A note on the importance of proper technique in the recording of the precordial electrocardiogram; the description of an important source of error.

Abstract The value of electrocardiography, as of any other laboratory method, may be limited by errors resulting from faulty technique as well as by errors of interpretation. One such error of technique which has been found to exert a profound effect on the form of the electrocardiogram in the precordial leads consists of the application of an excessive amount of electrode paste not only on but also between the positions for the exploring leads and results in distortion of the “true” precordial potential variations by surface conduction between the various points. This may be avoided by careful application of electrode paste so as not to establish surface continuity between the exploring leads. It is to be emphasized that the type of error described may be of great clinical and academic importance in the interpretation of the electrocardiograms of infants and children particularly.
Cryptococcosis with cutaneous manifestations; four cases with a review of published reports.

The incidence of cutaneous cryptococcosis is generally considered to be low. The 1950 review of Cawley, Grekin and Curtis (1) cites 11 cases from the literature and two additional cases to total 13. Since this publication, there have been reports of other patients with this skin manifestation. The list is still meager as compared with the total number of cases of cryptococcosis.
Mechanism of feedback inhibition by leucine. Purification and properties of a feedback-resistant alpha-isopropylmalate synthase.

Abstract A mutationally altered, l -leucine-resistant form of α-isopropylmalate synthase, the first committed enzyme in leucine biosynthesis, has been purified to near homogeneity. Comparison of the feedback-resistant enzyme with its wild-type parent shows the following: Both enzymes are very similar with respect to substrate specificity and maximal activity, but the feedback-resistant enzyme has a greater affinity for one of the substrates, α-ketoisovalerate. The feedback-resistant enzyme is about three orders of magnitude less sensitive to l -leucine than wild-type enzyme. By contrast, it is slightly more sensitive to l -isoleucine, the only other naturally occurring amino acid known to inhibit α-isopropylmalate synthase. Results of chemical densensitization experiments suggest that the leucine, isoleucine, and active sites are distinct. The kinetic pattern of leucine inhibition at pH 7.0 shows that leucine is a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both substrates with wild-type enzyme, whereas the weak inhibition by leucine of the feedback-resistant enzyme is of a competitive type. Intersubunit cross-linking of the feedback-resistant enzyme followed by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate reveals the presence of monomers, dimers, and tetramers with molecular weights of approximately 52,000, 110,000, and 200,000, respectively. Very similar results had been obtained with wild-type enzyme. Sedimentation equilibrium analyses indicate that both enzymes exist as associating-dissociating systems that can be adequately described by either a monomer-tetramer or a monomer-dimer-tetramer equilibrium. With the feedback-resistant enzyme, the equilibrium constant for the monomer-tetramer equilibrium. K 4 = [ A 4 ] [A] 4 , is 1 × 1019 m−3 , compared with 9 × 1016 m−3 for wild-type enzyme. This suggests a stronger tendency of the subunits of the feedback-resistant enzyme to aggregate, a conclusion supported by gel filtration experiments. These results, together with previous observations that wild-type enzyme is dissociated by leucine whereas the feedback-resistant enzyme is not, suggest that efficient inhibition of α-isopropylmalate synthase by leucine may be coupled to a relatively loose arrangement of subunits within the oligomeric structure of the enzyme.
The Effects of Maternal Protein Deprivation on Renal Development and Function in Neonatal Rats

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pre- and/or postnatal maternal protein deprivation (PD) on renal functional development in the offspring. Pregnant rats were fed either a control (24% protein) or low (8 or 10%) protein diet during gestation and lactation. Progeny of these dams were cross-fostered at birth, yielding four experimental groups: pups born of control dams and nursed by PD or control dams and pups born of PD dams and nursed by control or PD dams. While the effects of prenatal PD on body and kidney growth were negligible, PD during the nursing period appeared to have a more profound effect on body and kidney weight. Renal transport functions, quantified in vitro, were differentially affected by these dietary manipulations. Renal transport capacity for organic acids and bases was depressed in pups nursed by PD dams. Maturation of the renal organic acid transport system was also delayed in these pups. alpha-Aminoisobutyric acid accumulation by renal cortical slices was enhanced only in 10-day old rats stressed by pre- and postnatal maternal PD. Renal gluconeogenic and ammoniagenic capacity was not impaired by these dietary manipulations. No differences in protein or water content of renal cortical slices were observed.
The lingual thyroid: Abbreviated case report

Abstract A case of lingual thyroid without other thyroid tissue in a 12-year-old girl is presented to remind the reader of the importance of recognizing aberrant essential normal tissue before possible contraindicated sugical excision proves an embarrassment.
Télumée Miracle and the Creole Experience

Simone Schwarz-Bart began her literary career almost by accident, early in 1964, with an aide-memoire written in Guadeloupe for her spouse Andre, who was then in Paris working on the manuscript which ultimately became Un Plat de porc aux bananes vertes, published in 1967 under both their signatures. Announced at that time (Un Plat de porc, p. 4), her own novel, Pluie et vent sur Telumee Miracle—the subject of this essay—did not appear until much later (Paris: Seuil, 1972). As of the latter date (Telumee, back cover), she was preparing a "recueil de nouvelles"—which has not yet been published.