cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of sexual dimorphism in the placental function with severe preeclampsia

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5–8% of pregnancies and is responsible for 18% of maternal deaths in the US, and for long-term complications in mother and child. PE is an inflammatory state and may influence placental function in a sex-specific manner. We determined if there is a sexual dimorphism in the placental inflammatory and apoptotic responses in preeclamptic pregnancies. Placentas were collected from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies with either male or female fetuses (MPE and FPE respectively) after c-section at term with no labor. Expression patterns of markers of inflammation measured by ELISA, as well as hypoxia, apoptosis and angiogenesis markers measured by Western blotting were determined in the placenta. Consistent with previous studies, an increase in inflammation, hypoxia, and apoptotic cell death was observed in PE compared to normotensive pregnancies. Levels of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8, and HIF-1α were significantly greater, whereas the angiogenic marker VEGF was significantly reduced in MPE vs. FPE. Sexual dimorphism was also observed in the activation of cell death: the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and the expression pro-apoptotic markers PUMA and Bax being higher in MPE vs. FPE. We also found an increase in the levels of protein and DNA-binding activity of NFκB p65 in MPE vs. FPE. In summary, we show here that in preeclamptic pregnancies the placentas of males were associated with significantly higher expression of inflammatory, hypoxia and apoptotic molecules but reduced expression of a pro-angiogenic marker compared to placentas of female fetuses. We propose that the transcription factor NFκB p65 might, at least partially, be involved in sexual dimorphism during PE.
Comparison of the relation between left ventricular anatomy and QRS duration in patients with cardiomyopathy with versus without left bundle branch block

QRS duration (QRSd) is used to diagnose left bundle branch block (LBBB) and is important to determine cardiac resynchronization therapy eligibility. The same QRSd thresholds established decades ago are used for all patients. However, significant interpatient variability of normal QRSd exists, and individualized QRSd thresholds might improve diagnosis and intervention strategies. Previous work reported left ventricular (LV) mass and papillary muscle location predicted QRSd in healthy subjects, but the relation in diseased ventricles is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between LV anatomy and QRSd in patients with cardiomyopathy. Patients referred for primary prevention implantable defibrillators (n = 166) received cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and those with normal conduction (without bundle branch or fascicular block) and LBBB were studied. The LV mass, length, internal diameter, LV end-diastolic volume, septal and lateral wall thicknesses, and papillary muscle location were measured. In patients with normal conduction, LV length (r = 0.35, p
On the Evolution of Saline Tolerance in the Larvae of Mosquitoes in the Genus Ochlerotatus

AbstractWe examined physiological and morphological parameters associated with saline tolerance in the larvae of 11 species of mosquito in the genus Ochlerotatus that were collected from the wild in a variety of sites around North America. Saline tolerance was assayed, and all of the species were osmoregulators. Six of the species examined were found to be physiologically restricted to freshwater habitats, while the other five could successfully osmoregulate in both freshwater and saline water, including seawater. All larvae that were obligate freshwater forms had only one rectal segment, while all of the euryhaline osmoregulators had two. We were interested in the evolutionary pathway by which saline tolerance arose in this lineage. DNA sequence data were obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the D2 region of the 28s rDNA gene in all of the freshwater and saline-tolerant Ochlerotatus species we studied. When the morphological and physiological characters were mapped on the...
Impact of small mammal disturbances on sediment yield from grassland and shrubland ecosystems in the Chihuahuan Desert

Abstract This study examines water and sediment movement on Summerford bajada in the Jornada Basin, N.M. Forty-five rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on 1- and 2-m 2 runoff plots in grassland, degraded grassland, and shrubland communities. Within the shrubland community separate experiments were conducted in shrub and intershrub environments. Regression analyses indicate that for a 30-min rainfall at approximately 130 mm h −1 , water yields on these environments are negatively related to the percentage of ground covered by vegetation and/or litter. In the degraded grassland and intershrub environments, sediment concentration is positively correlated with the average diameter of small mammal disturbances, suggesting that animal digging is an important factor controlling rates of erosion in these environments. Sediment concentration is not correlated with any surface property in the grassland or shrub environments. An analysis of water yields and sediment concentrations at 5-min intervals during the 30-min simulated rainfall experiments reveals that the influence of the above-mentioned factors on runoff and erosion is established during events as short as 10–15 min.
Analysis of long flow lines with quality and operational failures

Abstract This paper presents approximation methods for the performance analysis of long manufacturing lines, i.e. lines with more than two machines and one buffer, that have both quality and operational failures. We describe three different versions of long flow lines that differ in the locations of the inspection stations and in the sets of machines that each inspection station monitors. We explain a transformation method that approximates long manufacturing lines that have quality and operational failures with long lines that only have operational failures. Such lines can be evaluated by decomposition methods. We introduce other approximations to quantify the effects of the separation of inspections from operations. Comparison with simulation shows that the solution methods provide reliable performance estimates.
Bioavailability of pyridoxine in rats fed various levels of casein

Abstract [ 14 C] pyridoxine (PN) was orally administered to male rats and lactating dams fed an 8%, 20%, or 50% casein diet. There was no effect of the level of dietary protein on plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) concentration. Analysis of fecal radioactivity indicated no dietary effect on the intestinal absorption of [ 14 C]PN. There was greater retention of 14 C in the liver when male and lactating rats were fed increased amounts of protein. Increased dietary protein resulted in reduced levels of 14 C in the brain of the male rats. There was no dietary effect on the urinary excretion of total 14 C or [ 14 C]4-pyridoxic acid. Increasing the level of dietary protein resulted in increased retention of 14 C in the liver of the lactating dams, however, the concentration of 14 C and the 14 C:protein ratio in milk was not affected. Although not significant, the level of 14 C in the liver of the suckling pups was two or three times greater when dams were fed 8% protein than when dams were fed 20% or 50% protein. These results demonstrate that altered tissue distribution of vitamin B-6 occurs with varied protein intake without influencing the metabolic utilization and urinary excretion of vitamin B-6 or plasma PLP concentration, the primary assessment parameter for vitamin B-6 status. Furthermore, increased intake of protein by the lactating rat does not influence the concentration vitamin B-6 or the vitamin B-6:protein ratio in milk.
Effect of N1,N14-Bis(ethyl)homospermine on the Growth of U-87 MG and SF-126 Human Brain Tumor Cells

The effect of the spermine analogue N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine on the growth, polyamine levels, and survival of U-87 MG and SF-126 human brain tumor cells was examined in tissue culture. At concentrations of 10 mumols and above, N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine inhibited growth significantly, caused a marked decrease in intracellular levels of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, and had a considerable cytotoxic effect on both cell lines after more than 96 h of treatment. In earlier studies we showed that the affinity of the analogue for calf thymus DNA was higher than the affinity of spermine, but that it did not aggregate DNA or release bound ethidium bromide from DNA as efficiently as spermine does. Therefore, the growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine support our hypothesis that polyamine analogues that can enter cells, deplete intracellular levels of natural polyamines, and replace the natural polyamines from their binding sites on DNA without replacing function should act as antiproliferative agents.
PESHAT AND THE AUTHORITY OF HAZAL IN THE COMMENTARIES OF RADAK

In the study of medieval biblical interpretation, the tension between commentators' fidelity to rabbinic midrash and their independent quest for peshat continues to command serious attention. The place of the important Provencal exegete R. David Kimhi (Radak, ca. 1160–ca. 1235) in the history of peshat commentary is of particular interest, influenced as he was by an especially wide range of traditions. On one hand, Radak's family, which was of Spanish origin, produced grammatical works and commentaries that exemplify the strict text-based approach of the Andalusian exegetes. Indeed, R. Abraham Ibn Ezra, the most prominent representative of this school, influenced Radak considerably. Furthermore, Radak's dedication to Maimonidean rationalism, which has been amply demonstrated by scholars, would only have sharpened his resistance to fanciful midrashic speculation.
Vanishing lines for modules over the Steenrod algebra

The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria for freeness and for the existence of a vanishing line for modules over sub-Hopf algebras of the modp Steenrod algebra. Here, a left module M over a connected K-algebra A is said to have a vanishing fine over A of slope d provided that there exists an intercept -c such that To&K, M) = 0 for all (s, t) satisfying t< u’s c. The criteria for freeness considered here have been dealt with by Adams and Margolis [3] in the case p =2, and by Moore and Peterson 1131 in case p is odd. For p = 2, the existence of these vanishing lines was proved independently by Adams, Anderson, and Mahowald, in special cases, and by Anderson and Davis [5] in general. For p odd, special cases were obtained by Liulevicius [9] and May [unpublished]. The general case has remained open and represents the main new result presented here. To state the result, give the dual Steenrod algebra the basis of monomials in Milnor’s generators [12]. Let P: be dual to <<, and (if p#2) let Q, be dual to rr. Then (Q[)‘=O, and (Pf)p=O for SC f, so we can define for a module M the groups
Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive tests to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection.

Abstract Background & Aims: Multiple tests are available for determining Helicobacter pylori infection. Our aim was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value of the most widely available tests for diagnosis of H. pylori . Methods: A total of 268 patients (mean age, 53.7 ± 15.8 years; 142 male and 126 female; 125 white and 143 nonwhite) was tested for H. pylori infection by [ 13 C]urea breath test (UBT), measurement of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody levels, and antral biopsy specimens for CLO test, histology, and Warthin-Starry stain. No patient received specific treatment for H. pylori before testing. The infection status for each patient was established by a concordance of test results. Results: Warthin-Starry staining had the best sensitivity and specificity, although CLO test, UBT, and IgG levels were not statistically different in determining the correct diagnosis. The absence of chronic antral inflammation was the best method to exclude infection. Stratification of results by clinical characteristics showed that UBT and chronic inflammation were the best predictors of H. pylori status in patients older than 60 years of age. IgA was a better predictor in white patients. Conclusions: The noninvasive UBT and IgG serology test are as accurate in predicting H. pylori status in untreated patients as the invasive tests of CLO and Warthin-Starry.
The Shield of Defense or the Sword of Prosecution? How Self‐Regulatory Focus Relates to Responses to Crime

A criminal act demands a response: The perpetrator must be identified, culpability assessed, and an appropriate punishment assigned. But should the response be measured and cautious, the perpetrator identified only after a thorough investigation, and punishment tempered with mercy, given extenuating circumstances? Or should the response be bold and decisive, the perpetrator quickly identified and punished to the full extent of the law without diluting focus by examining extenuating circumstances? What predicts which pattern will prevail? In the current paper, we argue that the way the goal of response to criminal action is framed systematically predicts which style will be likely. Some goals focus on avoiding harm (e.g., don’t accuse the wrong person, don’t punish too harshly) and call for a cautious and measured response. Other goals are affirmative, highlight the need to act (i.e., catch and punish the perpetrator), and call for a decisive and bold response. These goal types are not opposite sides of a single process; rather, each entails orthogonal mechanisms—that which is relevant to ensuring care does not necessarily have any bearing on the chances of apprehending the guilty party quickly.
Hemodynamic-morphologic discriminants for intracranial aneurysm rupture.

Background and purpose the purpose of this study was to identify significant morphological and hemodynamic parameters that discriminate intracranial aneurysm rupture status using 3-dimensional angiography and computational fluid dynamics. Methods one hundred nineteen intracranial aneurysms (38 ruptured, 81 unruptured) were analyzed from 3-dimensional angiographic images and computational fluid dynamics. Six morphological and 7 hemodynamic parameters were evaluated for significance with respect to rupture. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified area under the curve (AUC) and optimal thresholds separating ruptured from unruptured aneurysms for each parameter. Significant parameters were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis in 3 predictive models-morphology only, hemodynamics only, and combined-to identify independent discriminants, and the AUC receiver operating characteristic of the predicted probability of rupture status was compared among these models. Results morphological parameters (size ratio, undulation index, ellipticity index, and nonsphericity index) and hemodynamic parameters (average wall shear stress [WSS], maximum intra-aneurysmal WSS, low WSS area, average oscillatory shear index, number of vortices, and relative resident time) achieved statistical significance (P Conclusions all 3 models-morphological (based on size ratio), hemodynamic (based on WSS and oscillatory shear index), and combined-discriminate intracranial aneurysm rupture status with high AUC values. Hemodynamics is as important as morphology in discriminating aneurysm rupture status.
FLP-Mediated Recombination of FRT Sites in the Maize Genome

Molecular evidence is provided for genomic recombinations in maize cells induced by the yeast FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system. The FLP protein recombined FRT sites previously integrated into the maize genome leading to excision of a selectable marker, the neo gene. NPTII activity was not observed after the successful recombination process; instead, the gusA gene was activated by the removal of the blocking DNA fragment. Genomic sequencing in the region of the FRT site (following the recombination reaction) indicated that a precise rearrangement of genomic DNA sequences had taken place. The functional FLP gene could be either expressed transiently or after stable integration into the maize genome. The efficiency of genomic recombinations was high enough that a selection for recombination products, or for FLP expression, was not required. The results presented here establish the FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system as an important tool for controlled modifications of maize genomic DNA.
Polarization Extraction in Planar Near-Field Phaseless Measurements

Near-field measurements typically require both amplitude and phase information to correctly predict the far-field. Unfortunately, there are situations in which the phase data is not available or impractical to obtain. That is why there has been a need for the development of phaseless techniques. Up until now, a number of remarkable solutions to this problem have been proposed by the researcher in different disciplines. Unfortunately, the complete vectorial representation of the field is not investigated in depth. The evaluated cases are usually linearly polarized and only the dominant polarization is investigated while the cross polarized field is usually neglected. This paper addresses the polarization issue in a two-component approach and then proposes a solution to the problem. A searching mechanism, for the incorporation of an appropriate initial guess, is integrated into the well-known, iterative Fourier technique (plane-to-plane) to enhance the algorithm response. Then, using two sets of measured orthogonal information data gathered by two linearly and orthogonally polarized probes, it is shown that with the aid of only a single point amplitude measurement, the polarization characteristics of the antenna can be extracted up to an inherent ambiguity of the right- and left-handedness. In order to have an assessment of the applicability of the proposed method, both linearly and circularly polarized antennas are simulated. Additionally, the method of extracting the polarization from the phaseless data is also verified through a bi-polar near-field measurement.
Anthropogenically induced changes in sediment and biogenic silica fluxes in Chesapeake Bay

Sediment cores as long as 20 m, dated by 1 4 C, 2 1 0 Pb, and 1 3 7 Cs methods and pollen stratigraphy, provide a history of diatom productivity and sediment-accumulation rates in Chesapeake Bay. We calculated the flux of biogenic silica and total sediment for the past 1500 yr for two high-sedimentation-rate sites in the mesohaline section of the bay. The data show that biogenic silica flux to sediments, an index of diatom productivity in the bay, as well as its variability, were relatively low before European settlement of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In the succeeding 300-400 yr, the flux of biogenic silica has increased by a factor of 4 to 5. Biogenic silica fluxes still appear to be increasing, despite recent nutrient-reduction efforts. The increase in diatom-produced biogenic silica has been partly masked (in concentration terms) by a similar increase in total sediment flux. This history suggests the magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance of the estuary and indicates that significant changes had occurred long before the twentieth century.
Work in progress - The design and implementation of a pre-college computer science curriculum for underrepresented high school students

In an effort to increase opportunities for under represented students to pursue 4-year Computer Science, Networking and Telecommunications degrees, the University of Pittsburgh initiated the Technology Leadership Institute (TLI). TLI is a six-week summer pre- college program for under represented high school students. Experience from the first year illustrates the need to create a culturally relevant curriculum that maps Computer Science to familiar experiences and interests. The limited classroom time with students over the summer forces the design of the curriculum to be concise and comprehensive, yet engaging. The curriculum includes basic and intermediate courses with content in Computer Programming, Web Design, Computer Systems, and Mathematics. This work in progress describes the preliminary design and implementation processes and focuses on what should be taught and to a lesser degree the pedagogy. TLI provides an avenue for students to learn about the vast scope of Computer Science, educational and career opportunities, in addition to obtaining transferable knowledge and skills. The curriculum is assessed by an external evaluation team that will collect, analyze and report student-identified competency, student perceptions and interests, as well as actual achievement levels. Results from this study will be useful in curriculum development of Computer Science courses at the K-12 level, as well as providing strategies to underrepresented groups to explore computer science.
Wind-Driven Shifts in the Latitude of the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension and Generation of SST Anomalies on Decadal Timescales*

Abstract The causes of decadal variations of North Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are examined using a hindcast performed with an ocean general circulation model thermodynamically coupled to an atmospheric mixed layer model (OGCM–AML model) and forced by the time history of observed surface winds. The “shift” in North Pacific Ocean climate that occurred around 1976/77 is focused on since this is the best observed example available. After the 1976/77 shift the Aleutian low deepened and moved to the southeast of its previous position. This placed anomalous cyclonic flow over the North Pacific. The SST response, as simulated by the ocean model, consisted of two components: a fast and local part and a delayed and remote part. In the central Pacific stronger westerlies cool the ocean by increased equatorward Ekman drift. Here the dynamical cooling is sufficiently large that the surface fluxes damp the SST anomaly. This Ekman response is fast and local and cools the SSTs beginning in 1977 and persistin...
Wireless low-power temperature probes for food/pharmaceutical process monitoring

This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a wireless, low-power, multi-point temperature sensor system for process monitoring applications. This is particularly useful for low-temperature applications commonly found in pharmaceutical and food processing plants where accurate monitoring of temperature over long time intervals (e.g. days) is necessary. Using capacitive temperature elements, a wireless three-point temperature measurement in liquid has been successfully demonstrated. The system has been tested down to 55°C and achieves a resolution of <0.01°C. The developed system utilizes the low power ANT wireless protocols for data transmission. This allows operation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and supports large-scale sensor network topologies (232 nodes). The entire system occupies a small footprint of 13 by 33 mm2 with a power consumption less than 1 mW.
A Review of: “Campus Crisis Management: A Comprehensive Guide to Planning, Prevention, Response, and Recovery By Zdziarski, Eugene, L., II, Dunkel, Norbert, W., & J. Michael Rollo & Associates”

“We cannot in good conscience ignore the possibility that something unthinkable can occur in our midst that will disrupt the lives of our students, faculty and staff.” This quote, from the last pag...
Clay Aerogel Supported Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts

Highly porous, low density palladium nanoparticle/clay aerogel materials have been produced and demonstrated to possess significant catalytic activity for olefin hydrogenation and isomerization reactions at low/ambient pressures. This technology opens up a new route for the production of catalytic materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Microcapsules with Acrylic-Based Polymer Shells

Microencapsulation of PRS paraffin wax was carried out by means of suspension-like homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and by the copolymerization of this monomer with methyl acrylate (MA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The influence of the type of monomers and their proportion as shell materials, the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone to monomers (PVP/monomers), and the mass ratio of PRS paraffin wax to monomers (PRS/monomers) on the properties of phase change material (PCM) microcapsules has been studied. The analytical techniques used for the characterization of the particles were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modulated DSC, dynamic light scattering, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The chemical property differences between the encapsulating “shell” material, acrylic polymer in this case, compared to the “core” material (PRS paraffin wax), such as polarity and interfacial tensions, largely determine the thermodynamically f...
Marketing and the United States Supreme Court

When the United States Supreme Court acts to decide business controversies, how should modern marketers respond? What organizational or operational changes should management consider to conform to ...
Problem construction in uncertain situations:The case of the Chilean miners rescue operation

On August 5th 2010, 33 miners working at the San Jose mine in the northern part of Chile, were trapped more than half a mile underground when a 700,000 ton rock collapsed and blocked the mine. The ...
Bad Medicine The Relationship Between Gang Membership, Depression, Self-Esteem, and Suicidal Behavior

Research on the risk factors associated with gang joining suggests that the best predictor of gang membership is the accumulation of risk factors across a number of domains. These same risk factors are also associated with poor mental health and suicide, suggesting that gang members may be at risk for these outcomes. The current study utilized a nationally representative sample to examine two related issues. First, do youth who later become gang involved report levels of self-esteem, depression, suicidal thoughts, and attempted suicide that are substantively different than the general population? Second, how does gang membership affect these indicators of mental health? Results suggest that youth who become gang involved have significantly higher levels of depression and report a substantively higher rate of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than comparison youth. Furthermore, membership in gangs exacerbates these underlying problems, creating higher levels of depression and a higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and actions. Language: en
Improvement of Image Carrier Bracket of Orthopantomograph Dental Machine

Objective To introduce a kind of simple and practical digital dental photographic equipment. Methods PanouraULTRA Orthopantomograph dental equipment was adopted to improve its axletree pole of imaging carrier bracket and the position of the handle of film box, so as to make it possible to change the traditional screen film into the IP board carrying digital X-ray imaging to take pictures. By reading the IP board with FCR5000R read implement, dealing with the acquired images through terminal processor, and then using FUJIFILM DRY PIX7000 laser camera to print, a highly clear digital tooth image with high quality would be got. Results Taking Orthopantomograph photos with the improved imaging carrier bracket, successful photos were over 98% of the total. Conclusion This applied machine is characterized by several advantages as follows: appropriate design, convenient operation, low cost, energy-saving and environment protection; high quality of imaging and low quantity of radiation. It can be combined with PACS, which is convenient for distant consultation. This equipment has a promising future in the fields of clinical oral cavity, scientific research and teaching.
85 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF GRANULOCYTIC SARCOMAS.

Introduction Granulocytic sarcomas (GSs), or extramedullary collections of immature leukemic cells, are observed in only 3-7% of myeloid leukemias. The t(8;21) occurs in about 7% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in about 18% of leukemias classified as M2. This translocation seems to have a higher association with GS. GSs most frequently arise adjacent to bony or neural structures and rarely involve more than 2 sites. Though patients with t(8;21) generally have a more favorable prognosis, the presence of these sarcomas makes their course less favorable. We report a case of a woman with AML M2 who presented with 5 sites of extramedullary involvement, including pleural fluid involvement, which is exceedingly rare. Case Report A 24-year-old female presented with weakness and shortness of breath of 1 month9s duration. She was initially evaluated and treated for an upper respiratory tract infection. Her symptoms persisted. Further work-up at a local hospital revealed the presence of circulating blasts on peripheral blood smear (PBS). Physical exam was positive for a left eye ptosis and bruising present on extremities. Labs at that time showed a WBC count of 22,500, hemoglobin of 7.0, and platelet count of 42,000 with 58% blasts seen on the PBS. The patient was transferred to our tertiary care center where a bone marrow biopsy and aspirate were done. There was 100% cellularity with blast forms comprising > 80% of those cells. Findings were morphologically consistent with AML M2. Cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,XX,t(8;21)(q22;q22). A CT scan of the chest and abdomen were done, which showed a paratracheal mass, an anterior mediastinal mass, a perinephric soft tissue density, as well as the development of a new pleural effusion. A superior extraconal mass was found in the left orbit on MRI. The pleural effusion was evaluated by thoracentesis and positive for malignant cells by cytology. FISH analysis was performed on those cells and confirmed the presence of the t(8;21). CSF was negative for the presence of malignant cells. The patient received chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline together for induction with a dose of prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture. Following induction therapy repeat scans have shown a resolution of the pleural effusion and improvement in the size of the other GSs. Conclusion GSs, though uncommon, are more frequently seen with t(8;21) in AML and can present with multiple sites of extramedullary involvement, including the pleural space. Proper identification of these lesions is important for therapeutic and prognostic implications.
The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, 5th Edition

The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, 5th Edition P. J. Gullan, P. S. Cranston 2014; 624 pages Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK ISBN: 978-1-118-84615-5 $99.95 (hardcover); $79.99 (e-book) ![Graphic][1] Insects are the most successful group of animals on Earth. They are critical components of nearly all ecosystems, and provide essential services to the environment. Despite the abundance, diversity, and importance of insects, relatively few introductory entomology textbooks are available, particularly those that can accommodate courses with both laboratory sections and specimen collection requirements. Last spring, I happily received a new copy of Gullan and Cranston's fifth edition of The Insects: An Outline of Entomology . Earlier versions of this hardcover textbook, dedicated to the study of insects, have been my text of choice for teaching entomology courses for the last five years, and the newest edition provides significant updates and an entirely new chapter. One of my favorite aspects of this book is its versatility. Gullan and Cranston's text is appropriate and effective for teaching introductory entomology at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It is an impressive synthesis of insect biology, ecology, and systematics, yet also provides specimen preservation techniques and identification tools needed for basic laboratory exercises. The text is thoughtfully … jzaspel{at}purdue.edu [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Studies on the glycopeptides isolated from the urinary protein in heavy-chain disease

The urinary protein excreted in heavy-chain disease was separated by ion-exchange chromatography into two broad fractions designated Cra-1 and Cra-2. For a dimeric molecular weight of approx. 51000, Cra-1 contained 3–4 residues of 6-deoxy-l-galactose (l-fucose), 10 of d-mannose, 5–6 of d-galactose, 12 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and 4–5 of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), whereas the corresponding values for Cra-2 were 2, 10, 7, 12 and 7. Cra-2 contained in addition 1 residue of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose (N-acetyl-d-galactosamine). Cra-1 contained an average of four oligosaccharide units, two of which contained 1 residue of 6-deoxy-l-galactose, 3 of d-mannose, 1 of d-galactose and 3 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, whereas the other two units contained the same proportions of 6-deoxy-l-galactose, d-mannose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose but 2 residues of d-galactose and 2 of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Cra-2 also contained an average of four oligosaccharide units, but the range of glycopeptides was much wider, containing 0–1 residue of 6-deoxy-l-galactose, 2–3 of d-mannose, 2–3 of d-galactose, 2–3 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and 1–3 of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Possible reasons for this heterogeneity are discussed. Glycopeptides were also isolated from Cra-2 that contained 1 residue of d-mannose, 2 of d-galactose, 1 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose and 0–3 of N-acetylneuraminic acid.
Thermal effects in zinc germanium phosphide optical parametric oscillators

The most promising nonlinear optical (NLO) materials currently available for a 2 μm pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) are silver gallium selenide, AgGaSe2 (AGSE) and zinc germanium phosphide, ZnGeP2 (ZGP). Many potential applications of this OPO require several watts of tunable output at pulse repetition frequencies exceeding 10 kHz. It is therefore necessary to pay careful attention to the thermal properties of the NLO materials.
Effector and Regulatory T Cell Trafficking in Corneal Allograft Rejection

Corneal transplantation is among the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation in humans. Failure of corneal allograft is mainly due to immune-mediated destruction of the graft, a complex and highly coordinated process that involves elaborate interactions between cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The migration of immune cells to regional lymphoid tissues and to the site of graft plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of graft rejection. Intricate interactions between adhesion molecules and their counter receptors on immune cells in conjunction with tissue-specific chemokines guide the trafficking of these cells to the draining lymph nodes and ultimately to the site of graft. In this review, we discuss the cascade of chemokines and adhesion molecules that mediate the trafficking of effector and regulatory T cells during corneal allograft rejection.
Advances and trends in redox materials for solar thermochemical fuel production

Abstract Solar thermochemical (STC) redox cycles have made substantial advances in recent years, in large part due to the utilization of nonstoichiometric ceria over other iron oxide and zinc oxide based materials that undergo crystallographic or solid-to-gas phase changes. These changes render their utilization in a cyclic nature to be challenging because of the ever-changing physical properties over time and difficulty in preventing reverse reactions when cooling, for example Zn(g) + 0.5O 2 (g) → ZnO(s). However, such phase changes also have the distinct benefit of being accompanied by large changes in entropy which is typically favorable from a thermodynamic perspective. As a result, the theoretical solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiencies of ceria-based cycles are usually predicted to be lower than their volatile and nonvolatile stoichiometric counterparts; however, in actuality their measured performance is superior. For this technology to become commercially viable, there is a need to develop new materials that can outperform ceria in terms of solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency and operate at more benign conditions. This has been a large focus in the thermochemical community over the last 5–6 years and, to date, most of the effort has been centered on reducing the relatively high operating temperatures that are required while maintaining ceria’s desirable characteristics such as favorable oxidation thermodynamics, rapid reaction kinetics, and crystallographic stability. This effort resulted in many perovskite related materials that operate several hundred degrees lower (e.g. 1473 K). Unfortunately, however, their entropy change is usually lower than that of ceria and the results are consistently a compromise in the thermodynamic driving force for oxidation that results in less efficient materials overall. This work focuses on the thermodynamic, experimental, and computational aspects related to the discovery and characterization of new and better performing redox materials and the attributes necessary of them in order to drive the next generation of efficient STC redox materials.
Questions Physicians Often Ask About Allergens That Trigger Asthma

Abstract: Because of the impact of allergen exposure on asthma control, all patients with asthma should be evaluated for allergic sensitization. Such patients can be referred to an allergist for evaluation, or radioallergosorbent tests can be ordered by the primary care provider. The major groups of aeroallergens that can trigger asthma attacks include furred-pet, dust mite, cockroach, rodent, mold, and pollen allergens. When assessing a patient's exposure history, remember that furred-pet allergens are found not just in the home, but in other settings, such as schools, and these allergens are passively transferred from one environment to another. Allergen avoidance measures are essential to the management of asthma in sensitized patients and can significantly improve asthma control. First-line dust mite control measures include installing allergen-proof mattress and pillow encasements, washing all bedding every 1 to 2 weeks in hot water, removing stuffed toys, vacuuming and dusting regularly, and reducing indoor relative humidity. (J Respir Dis. 2006;27(12):511-526)
Creation of an Esophageal Atresia Animal Model Using a Bifurcated Esophagus to Maintain Digestive Tract Continuity.

Abstract Introduction: We previously developed a porcine model of long gap pure esophageal atresia (EA) to aid in the creation of novel devices and techniques for treatment of EA. Shortcomings of t...
Murine Model of Progressive Orthopedic Wear Particle-Induced Chronic Inflammation and Osteolysis

Periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening of total joint replacements are driven by byproducts of wear released from the implant. Wear particles cause macrophage-mediated inflammation that culminates with periprosthetic bone loss. Most current animal models of particle-induced osteolysis are based on the acute inflammatory reaction induced by wear debris, which is distinct from the slowly progressive clinical scenario. To address this limitation, we previously developed a murine model of periprosthetic osteolysis that is based on slow continuous delivery of wear particles into the murine distal femur over a period of 4 weeks. The particle delivery was accomplished by using subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps and tubing, and a hollow titanium rod press-fit into the distal femur. In this study, we report a modification of our prior model in which particle delivery is extended to 8 weeks to better mimic the progressive development of periprosthetic osteolysis and allow the assessment of i...
Why We Need Local, State, and National Policy-Based Approaches to Improve Children’s Nutrition in the United States

Government agencies have the authority to improve public health through laws and policies. Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing health issues today, and government policies are a critical strategy to improve children’s nutrition and health. This chapter reviews evidence-based policies that can be implemented at local, state, and federal levels to improve children’s nutrition and weight. We discuss (a) why policy change may be more cost-effective and impactful than programs aimed at individuals; (b) how to strengthen federal child-feeding programs; and (c) which policies have potential to improve and change food industry practices.
Predictors of secondary traumatic stress among social workers: Supervision, income, and caseload size:

SummaryIn the past 20 years, research suggests that social workers and counselors are at risk of developing secondary traumatic stress from working with traumatized client populations. However, onl...
Emotion Regulation Training at Tiers 1, 2, and 3

As we think about work with students in schools, we must focus on both prevention and intervention. Two aspects of emotion science that are strongly related to these goals are emotion understanding and emotion regulation (Southam-Gerow & Kendall, 2002). The goal is to use emotion research to enhance our work with children. In the case of prevention at Tier 1, the goal is to improve emotion literacy and to teach some life skills. In the case of Tier 2 and 3 counseling work, the goal would include more advanced training in emotion regulation with more explicit teaching of strategies. Emotion understanding includes: the ability to label, appraise, and understand other’s facial expressions; to understand our own internal emotions as well as those of others; to be able to label emotions and emotional experiences; and to understand cultural display rules. Emotion regulation has to do with ability to manage or change how we think of our emotional experiences and events. Emotion regulation involves a particular focus on regulating intensity and duration of negative emotions as needed and to use those skills when interacting with others, which may involve decreasing or masking the emotions we feel. Emotion regulation includes increasing positive emotions (Izard, 2002; Kats-Gold & Priel, 2009). Emotion regulation is int tely related to a sense of well-being, self-efficacy, and successful communication.
Application of Critical Angle Imaging to the Characterization of Cast Stainless Steels

Processes for manufacturing centrifugally cast stainless steel (CCSS) pipe in the U.S. before 1976 resulted in a long, columnar microstructure with grain growth oriented along the direction of heat dissipation. Grains formed from this process attained several centimeters in length. After 1976, the process control was improved and a more equiaxed microstructure, more similar to that found in an isostatic casting, was achieved. The two different grain structures have significantly different ultrasonic properties. Although these microstructures are found in piping, cross sectioning of CCSS piping has also exhibited mixed and layered microstructures [1]. These may be more representative of a larger percentage of the CCSS piping used in the nuclear industry. This paper will focus on the pure columnar and equiaxed microstructures, but future work will extend the technique described in this paper to these other, more complicated, systems.
Abstract 15594: Implantable Engineered Arteries From Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Fibrin Using a Multi-graft Cyclic Flow-Stretch Bioreactor

Tissue-engineered arteries based on entrapment of human dermal fibroblasts in fibrin gel yield completely biological vascular grafts that possess circumferential alignment characteristic of native arteries and essential to their mechanical properties. A bioreactor was developed to condition six grafts in the same culture medium while being subjected to similar cyclic distension and transmural flow resulting from pulsed flow distributed among the graft lumens via a manifold. The lengths of the grafts were incrementally shortened during bioreactor culture by adjusting the distance between the manifolds to maintain circumferential alignment and achieve mechanical anisotropy comparable to native arteries. After 7-9 weeks of bioreactor culture, the fibrin-based grafts were extensively remodeled by the fibroblasts into circumferentially-aligned tubes of collagen and other extracellular matrix with burst pressures in the range of 1400-2000 mmHg and compliance comparable to native arteries. The tissue suture retention force was suitable for implantation in the nude rat model and initial results from implant studies include a 6-month implant without evidence of aneurysm, minimal neo-intimal formation, and extensive formation of elastin lamellae resembling the native artery (see figure); there was mineralization in one location, however. Some 3-month implants were aneurysmal. Human blood-outgrowth endothelial cells (hBOEC) seeded on mature PFS-conditioned grafts maintained confluence under laminar flow at shear stresses up to the 80 dyne/cm2 in vitro. The burst strength achieved using a completely biological approach for tissue-engineered arteries in such short duration (2-3 months of graft culture) is unprecedented.
Mixing A -type and G -type B -site antiferromagnetism in A M n 1 − x F e x O 3 ( A = La , Nd )

Using a classical Heisenberg model with anisotropic nearest-neighbor superexchange and uniaxial anisotropy, I investigate the magnetic order of the transition metals on the $B$ sites in $A\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(A=\mathrm{La}$, Nd; $x=[0,1])$ with Monte Carlo methods. Magnetic parameters are extracted from preexisting experimental data when available and otherwise estimated with calculations. Superexchange energies are compared to density functional theory and anisotropy energies to ligand field theory, and the potential for doping-induced strain affecting these parameters is considered. I find coexistence regions of different types of magnetic order ($A$-type and $G$-type antiferromagnetism), regions with distinct magnetic transitions for the two order parameters, noncollinear ground states for intermediate values of $x$ that decrease the amplitude of the ordered moment in a way consistent with experiment for low dopings, and a reproduction of the experimentally determined, nonmonotonic interpolation of the ordering temperatures. The detailed shape of the phase boundaries in $(x,T$) space is found to be diagnostic of the magnetic interactions. These results also suggest a ferrimagnetic ground state for the ${A}_{2}\mathrm{MnFe}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ double perovskite with ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}\ensuremath{\approx}270\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for $A=\mathrm{La}$ and Nd.
Engineering heat transport in nanoparticle-in-alloy composites: The role of Mie scattering

Previous work toward engineering lower thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-in-alloy semiconductor composites have indicated that optimal nanoparticle sizes should lie between the Rayleigh and geometric phonon scattering regimes (i.e. the Mie regime); yet, phonon scattering models that are accurate in the Mie regime have never been employed to investigate the thermal transport. Here, we exploit exact solutions from continuum mechanics that separately treat longitudinal and transverse phonon scattering from nanoparticles across a wide spectrum of wavelengths, including the Rayleigh, Mie, and geometric scattering regimes. The solutions intrinsically account for material contrast effects from density and both normal and shear elastic constants. We find that consideration of Mie scattering effects drastically alters the material selection and particle sizing process for optimal nanocomposites. In particular, a previously unreported inter-relationship between density and elastic contrast is reported: in the Mie regime, a suppression of the scattering cross section is found in cases where the sound speeds of the matrix and nanoparticle are closely matched. This suppression can extend the transition wavelength to geometric scattering by more than an order-of-magnitude, with severe effects to thermal transport. We explore how these considerations change the optimal sizing of nanoparticles for metal/semiconductor composites, with specific application to the experimentally significant case of InGaAs composites.