cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphene-Polythiophene Nanocomposite as Novel Supercapacitor Electrode Material

The graphene (G)-polythiophene (PTh) nanocomposite was synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization technique and characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray-diffraction (XRD), Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The electrochemical properties of G-PTh nanocomposite supercapacitor electrodes were investigated in different electrolytes solutions and a specific discharge capacitance of 154 F/g was estimated from different charge/discharge current cycles. Our proposed research is transformative as the G-conducting polymer based electrode material with unique and excellent properties, such as, high conductivity, wider tunable potential window, high stability of the electrode material in doped form, faster charge transfer rate, and short charging times, that allows the fabrication of high performance supercapacitors for practical applications.
Learning to Reason about Rotational Motions in a Virtual Environment

Virtual Reality (VR) technology was used to examine learning for reasoning about object rotation. A desktop VR system displayed satellite dishes attached to shafts. For each trial, one of four types of rotation was possible: dish aligned to vertical shaft, dish oblique to vertical shaft, dish aligned to oblique shaft, and dish oblique to oblique shaft. Certain of these rotational motions are very difficult for most people to reason about accurately. Participants' task was to predict the outcomes of rotations by orienting an arrow in the direction the dish would face if it rotated as indicated. Feedback and opportunities to control and observe the rotations in VR were provided. Results showed a gradual but substantial improvement in predicting the outcomes of the initially more difficult rotations. That is, participants were able to master very difficult spatial reasoning using VR technology. This may have implications for the many human-system interfaces that train people to develop complex skills.
On the widespread capacity for, and functional significance of, extreme inbreeding in ferns.

Summary Homosporous vascular plants utilize three different mating systems, one of which, gametophytic selfing, is an extreme form of inbreeding only possible in homosporous groups. This mating system results in complete homozygosity in all progeny and has important evolutionary and ecological implications. Ferns are the largest group of homosporous land plants, and the significance of extreme inbreeding for fern evolution has been a subject of debate for decades. We cultured gametophytes in the laboratory and quantified the relative frequencies of sporophyte production from isolated and paired gametophytes, and examined associations between breeding systems and several ecological and evolutionary traits. The majority of fern species studied show a capacity for gametophytic selfing, producing sporophytes from both isolated and paired gametophytes. While we did not follow sporophytes to maturity to investigate potential detrimental effects of homozygosity at later developmental stages, our results suggest that gametophytic selfing may have greater significance for fern evolution and diversification than has previously been realized. We present evidence from the largest study of mating behavior in ferns to date that the capacity for extreme inbreeding is prevalent in this lineage, and we discuss its implications and relevance and make recommendations for future studies of fern mating systems.
Isolation and identification of Liaoning virus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in 2011

Objective To investigate mosquito-borne Liaoning virus(LNV) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of arbovirus diseases.Methods Mosquitoes and ticks were collected from Xinjiang in 2011 and then used for virus isolation by cell culture.The isolated viruses were further analyzed by molecular biology techniques.Results The viruses in the mosquitoes collected from Kashi,Xinjiang and ticks collected from Yili,Xinjiang were subject to PCR using the specific primer for LNV,and the results showed that the positive rate of LNV in mosquitoes was 23.0%(87/379) and that no LNV was found in ticks.Nineteen virus strains were isolated from C6/36 cell cultures of mosquitoes and were identified as LNV.Conclusion Several LNV strains were isolated from mosquitoes collected in Kashi,Xinjiang in 2011,while no LNV was found in ticks collected in Yili,Xinjiang in 2011.Further research on LNV pathogenicity for humans and animals is recommended in Xinjiang,China.
Ending Intimate Partner Violence Among Latinas: Aguantando No Mas.

This study examined the psychological and sociocultural processes of Latinas leading to the decision to end an abusive intimate partner relationship using the qualitative method of grounded theory. There are few qualitative studies describing the experience from the perspective of Latinas and what factors may play a role in the decision-making process. Twenty-four participants were recruited from 3 agencies providing domestic violence services. Open-ended semistructured interviews and data analysis were conducted primarily in Spanish. Aguantando no mas or no longer choosing to endure emerged from this study as the central dimension in describing the decisional process of ending an abusive relationship. The participants' decision to no longer aguantar, or endure, occurred through a series of encounters with allies, the loss of hope that their partner was going to change, accessing available resources, and the final realization that their own well-being and of the children was being adversely affected by the abuse. The theoretical framework developed from this study can guide mental health professionals and health care providers in identifying areas for interventions for Latinas to ensure the safety and well-being of Latinas and their children. Language: en
Controls of Microclimate

Chapter 2 introduces the microclimatic elements and the methods and instruments used to observe them are described in Chapter 3. The following two chapters treat radiation and the energy balance. Chapter 6 examines monitoring and modeling of radiation and energy balance via remote sensing and land surface models. Chapters 7 and 8 discusses microclimates of different vegetated environments and of physical systems. Chapter 9 describes the field of bioclimatology.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Productivity

Productivity is the end result of a complex social process including: science, research and development, education, technology, management, production facilities, workers and labour organizations. These factors may be under private or public direction, or they may reflect varying combinations of private and public activity. Productivity cannot be increased in any country or under any social system by simple decree. An increase in output per man-hour or output per capita for a country reflects the energy and ingenuity of its whole people. A century of increasing productivity involves contributions from all industrializing mankind.
Harnessing the Power of Family Dinners to Create Change in Family Therapy

Family dinner and family therapy confer many similar benefits to family members and they are both settings in which families can connect and interact as a group, in a designated space and time. Over the last 20 years, a large body of research documents the physical, academic, and mental health benefits of family dinners. Research links regular family meals with healthier eating habits and lower obesity rates, lower rates of substance abuse, teen pregnancy, depression, stress, and anxiety, as well as stronger self-esteem, parent-child connectedness, resilience, and even better vocabularies. Family therapists can harness these benefits in four ways. First, by asking screening questions of families to determine whether and how often they are sharing meals and then discussing solutions to overcoming common obstacles. Second, by asking about or enacting a family dinner to obtain a snapshot of a family's organisation and functioning, in terms of their gender roles, division of labour, expression of affect and conflict, capacity to have fun, and tolerance of difference. Third, by playing non-competitive games in therapy that promote conversation, games that can also be played at the dinner table. Fourth, using family dinner as an annex to therapy as a place to experiment with new roles, behaviours, and patterns of communication, which can be enacted on a nightly basis after being discussed in therapy. Two case examples are presented to illustrate the ways that dinner can be a place for change, begun in therapy, and implemented at home.
The IS and LM Curves

The IS-LM model is a tool for understanding the effects of monetary and fiscal policy when interest rates are allowed to vary. This chapter derives the IS and LM curves and addresses the factors that determine their shape. For each one, a graphical explanation is followed by an algebraic derivation that allows a quantitative description of how far a curve will move in response to a given change in the economy.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF USING PRESSURE WIRE WITH DOBUTAMIN INFUSION IN THEMOYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF LOW FLOW LOW GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS

Background: Current guidelines discourage aortic stenosis (AS) evaluation by direct pressure measurement if echocardiography (echo) is adequate. However several studies show sizable differences between echo and catheterization (cath) lab measurements. Dobutamine Challenge is recommended for
TAKE THE GOOD WITH THE BAD: A GIRARDIAN RECOMMENDATION FOR AUDITING PEDAGOGY

This essay considers the current state of the pedagogical auditing literature using a theoretical lens proposed by philosopher and literary critic Rene Girard. In extant pedagogical auditing cases that are based on historical events, auditors are often portrayed as villains. Presently, there are few pedagogical cases in which auditors are depicted as heroes. Appending the current literature with real world illustrations and accounts of auditors behaving virtuously would help balance the literature and improve the classroom experience for students. Moreover, these positive accounts should be memorialized in the auditing profession's history.
Dangerous to Know: Women, Crime, and Notoriety in the Early Republic. By Susan Branson

In Dangerous to Know ,Susan Branson presents the fascinating story of Ann Carson and the author who documented her extraordinary tale, Mary Clark. Born of middle-class parents, Carson experienced the challenges associated with maintaining that identity in the tumultuous economy of the early republic. When her father fell ill and could no longer work, the family was subject to eviction. Carson struck out on her own, opening a china shop while clinging to her middling status. She married John Carson, a sea captain, drunk, and abusive spouse. One can only imagine Carson’s sigh of relief when John went missing for two years and was presumed dead. Carson, vulnerable as a single, working mother, decided to move on with her life and married Richard Smith. But John Carson wasn’t actually dead.
Bioactive Amino Acids, Peptides and Peptidomimetics Containing Silicon

Amino acids incorporating silicon have altered structural and physical properties relative to their carbon counterparts. When introduced into polypeptides, the resulting structures generally maintain biological activity, have enhanced lipophilicity and are often resistant to metabolism. Peptide analogs in which the backbone contains a silanediol group, can become an inhibitor of protease enzymes. Synthesis and uses of these structures are reviewed.
Interdigitated Eutectic Alloy Foil Anodes for Rechargeable Batteries

An interdigitated eutectic alloy (IdEA) foil is presented as a framework for the development of alloy anodes with a capacity that is significantly higher than that of the traditional graphite/copper assembly. It is a simple, low-cost approach that can be applied to a broad range of alloy systems with various working ions such as Li, Na, or Mg.
RE: Reflections and Explorations: A Forum for Deliberative Dialogue

In 2013, the Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance (VTIPG) launched an edited online essay series, RE: Reflections and Explorations, for Virginia Tech graduate students to share articles and commentaries about their evolving research, interests and experiences on topics relevant to the VTIPG mission. e “RE: Reflections and Explorations” book series features essays from the online platform selected and edited by VTIPG Director Max Stephenson Jr. and affiliated research faculty member Lyusyena Kirakosyan. Volume I of the series was published in 2015.
PREDICTORS OF READMISSION OR DEATH AMONG PATIENTS WHO WERE DISCHARGED ALIVE WITH A FIRST DIAGNOSIS OF HEART FAILURE IN A STATEWIDE DATABASE

Heart failure (HF) readmissions are common and are associated with high expense and mortality. However, there are scant data on the factors associated with readmission or death pertaining to all patients admitted in a specified geographic area. Using the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition
The challenge of multi-patterning lithography for contact layer in 7nm and beyond (Conference Presentation)

When technology node transitions to 14nm and beyond, multi-patterning technique including litho-etch-litho-etch (LELE) and self-aligned double patterning (SADP) with optical lithography is required to achieve device scaling until extreme ultraviolet (EUV) comes into full production. Although LELE and SADP are widely used and well-studied for line-space layers, the challenge of contact layers still remains unknown. In addition, process window (PW) and pattern defects are often characterized with lithography printability only before 7nm. However, when the gate length is pushed to the limitation of immersion lithography, hard mask open etch (HMO) also needs to be studied along with lithography printability to further optimize overall patterning process window (PW). In this paper, we first studied several optical proximity correction (OPC) techniques such as source-mask optimization (SMO) and sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) to improve PW. We then characterized the patterning PW on several patterning defects including single-layer bridging, multi-layer bridging, missing contact, unlanded contact, and extra contact by tuning develop CD (DCD) and HMO CD (MCD). SMO such as illumination source and projection lens wavefront has been extensively used to enlarge depth of focus (DoF). Two different XY polarizations sources were optimized via SMO and were verified on silicon based on overlap process window and mask error enhancement factor (MEEF). Both sources have achieved <90nm lithography PW and <3 MEEF for the selected SRAM and logic designs. The effect of SRAF size on patterning PW were studied by obtaining DoF and exposure latitude (EL) post develop and post HMO. DoF was enlarged by 20nm when increasing SRAF size; however, EL was reduced by 6% post develop and by 2% only post HMO, suggesting patterning PW should be studied at post HMO instead of post develop. When characterizing multi-patterning PW, two types of defects need to be considered: type 1) single-layer bridging and missing contact driven by lithography only; type 2) multi-layer bridging, unlanded contact, and extra pattern driven by both lithography and HMO. Type 1 defects were studied by lithography printability from focus-exposure matrix for different targets (dense/semi-iso/iso) and maximum lithography PW was achieved by adjusting DCD. Type 2 defects were studied by adjusting both DCD and MCD (etch bias). Missing contact was improved by 20x and unlanded contact was improve by 5x when DCD was increased by 8%; however, multi-layer bridging was worsen by 10x, which can be improved by decreasing MCD by 8%. As a result, overall patterning PW can only be obtained by combining lithography PW and HMO optimization.
Growing Skull Fracture: Case Report after Rottweiler Bite and Review of the Literature

Growing skull fracture remains a rare but clinically significant complication of traumatic skull fractures in children less than 3 years of age. Dog attacks on children commonly cause head and neck injuries. We report the first case of growing skull fracture caused by a Rottweiler bite in a 21 days old neonate. Early diagnosis and surgical repair resulted in excellent outcome.
High-Resolution Large-Ensemble Nanoparticle Trapping with Multifunctional Thermoplasmonic Nanohole Metasurface

The intrinsic loss in a plasmonic metasurface is usually considered to be detrimental for device applications. Using plasmonic loss to our advantage, we introduce a thermoplasmonic metasurface that enables high-throughput large-ensemble nanoparticle assembly in a lab-on-a-chip platform. In our work, an array of subwavelength nanoholes in a metal film is used as a plasmonic metasurface that supports the excitation of localized surface plasmon and Bloch surface plasmon polariton waves upon optical illumination and provides a platform for molding both optical and thermal landscapes to achieve a tunable many-particle assembling process. The demonstrated many-particle trapping occurs against gravity in an inverted configuration where the light beam first passes through the nanoparticle suspension before illuminating the thermoplasmonic metasurface, a feat previously thought to be impossible. We also report an extraordinarily enhanced electrothermoplasmonic flow in the region of the thermoplasmonic nanohole metasurface, with comparatively larger transport velocities in comparison to the unpatterned region. This thermoplasmonic metasurface could enable possibilities for myriad applications in molecular analysis, quantum photonics, and self-assembly and creates a versatile platform for exploring nonequilibrium physics.
Influence of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon on the phase relationships of the Ti-Al system

Phase diagrams of the titanium-rich portion of the ternary systems from 0 to 10 wt pct Al and 0 to 1 wt pct O, N, and C were determined. Micrographic analysis of annealed high purity arc melted alloys was the principal method of investigation and was supplemented by X-ray diffraction.
Conservation Practices in U.S. Agriculture and Their Impact on Carbon Sequestration

Increase in the use of conservation practices by agriculture in the United States will enhance soil organic carbon and potentially increase carbon sequestration. This, in turn, will decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. A number of studies exist that calibrate the contribution of various individual, site-specific conservation practices on changes in soil organic carbon. There is a general absence, however, of a comprehensive effort to measure objectively the contribution of these practices including conservation tillage, the Conservation Reserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to an change in soil organic carbon. This paper fills that void. After recounting the evolution of the use of the various conservation practices, it is estimated that organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the United States attributable to these practices was about 12.2 million metric tons. By 2008, there will be an increase of about 25%. Given that there is a significant potential for conservation practices to lead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there are a number of policy options that can be pursued.
The Role of Interferon Alpha in the Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)

The results of treatment with alpha interferons in more than 90 patients with HCL, treated over the last four years are summarized. Interferon alpha has become an established effective therapy for HCL and has resulted in decreased morbidity and improved prognosis, for patients afflicted with this disorder.
Generation of transgenic livestock by somatic cell nuclear transfer

The ability to produce transgenic animals through the introduction of exogenous DNA has existed for many years. However, past methods available to generate transgenic animals, such as pronuclear microinjection or the use of embryonic stem cells, have either been inefficient or not available in all animals. More recently, somatic cell nuclear transfer has provided a method to create transgenic animals that overcomes many limitations of other methods. This review summarizes the major advantages and disadvantages of currently available techniques to produce genetically modified livestock with special emphasis on the benefits of using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to create genetically modified livestock for agriculture and biomedical applications. Potential applications of transgenesis by SCNT in farm animals are discussed.
Issues in dietary fiber analysis.

There are many reasons for measuring dietary fiber. We have three overall aims in our laboratory. First, analysis of the major sources of dietary fiber in the USA food supply would provide a data base of values that could be used clinically and epidemiologically to assess the kinds and amounts of dietary fiber consumed by individuals and populations. Second, the content and composition of dietary fiber sources can be related to their physiological effects. For example, evidence has accumulated rapidly in recent years to suggest many soluble dietary fiber sources have physiological effects primarily in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas insoluble sources influence the physiology of the lower gut (1). Ultimately, researchers want to understand the mechanisms by which dietary fiber has a particular physiological effect; the composition of dietary fiber sources, as well as their physiochemical properties, will provide insight into understanding these mechanisms of action for dietary fiber.
Implications of Recent Advances in Mental Health Interventions

As summarized in the previous chapters, one admittedly extreme advance relevant to the conduct and delivery of mental health interventions in this century is the administration of homework assignments interspersed with rare, infrequent face-to-face talk-based sessions. The purpose of the sessions would be to check on the immediate outcome obtained by doing homework after completing each assignment or practice exercise, as in the technique developed, among others, by Lambert and Whipple (2008). This checking could be performed online, once the correct identity of participants is confirmed. Instead of face-to-face talk-based sessions interspersed with homework assignments, the valued and expensive presence and talk of a professional could become contingent on participants completing homework assignments (L’Abate, 2007d, 2008b; Omer, 1985). This is standard operating procedure in medical practice, and there is no rational or empirical reason why the same practice should not be pursued in mental health intervention, except for the guild interests of most mental health disciplines.
Ab Initio Studies of Some Acids and Basic Amino Acids: Aspartic, Glutamic, Arginine, and Deaminoarginine

Aspartic and glutamic acids contain one carboxyl group in their side chain, which makes them acidic. They have a pK of about 4.4, and at physiological pH they exist as the aspartate and glutamate ions.
Tailoring Site Specificity of Bioconjugation Using Step-Wise Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization on Proteins

Protein–polymer conjugates are powerful combinations of the biotic and abiotic worlds that impact many industries. Predicting the site and impact of polymer growth from the surface of proteins is only useful if we can use that information to choose which site to modify synthetically. We have explored the combination of a predictive algorithm with a unique stepwise atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to selectively move the predominant modification sites around a model enzyme. Lysozyme was modified with defined stoichiometric ratios of polymerization initiators and initiation inhibitors to selectively and strategically grow poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) polymers from different protein sites. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to examine the uniformity of the lysozyme–initiator and lysozyme–inhibitor complexes prior to polymer growth. Bioactivity of the lysozyme–polymer conjugates was examined as a function of polymer location on the enzyme surface. Step-wise atom-transfer radica...
Kinetic mechanism of water dewetting from hydrophobic stationary phases utilized in liquid chromatography.

Abstract An experimental protocol was designed to accurately measure the dewetting kinetics of aqueous mobile phases from reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns. The protocol enables the determination of the losses in the wetted surface area and internal pore volume (leading to undesirable retention losses) of RPLC columns as a function of the dewetting time. It is used to evaluate the impact of the buffer/salt concentration in water (0–100 mM), nitrogen concentration dissolved in water (0–6.7 × 10−4 M), column temperature (300–358 K), and of the internal structure (pore connectivity) of the stationary phase on the dewetting kinetics of various RPLC packing materials. From a fundamental viewpoint, the experimental facts demonstrate that dewetting kinetics are not solely driven by the pore size of the stationary phase and the contact angle with water. Temperature has a major influence on dewetting kinetics as it controls the nucleation rate of isolated water vapor bubbles over the entire mesoporous network. Additionally, the internal microstructure of the stationary phase (characterized by its internal porosity, pore size distribution, and pore connectivity) influences the rate at which the water vapor bubbles grow and coalesce in the entire particle volume. From a more practical viewpoint, the retention loss of RPLC columns due to water dewetting can be eliminated or at least minimized by (1) adjusting the surface and bonding chemistries to reduce the receding contact angle, (2) elevating the column outlet pressure, (3) operating at the lowest possible temperature, (4) minimizing the pore connectivity of the stationary phase (e.g., by increasing the degree of surface functionalization from C8 to C18-bonded phases), and (5) by degassing the aqueous mobile phase from any dissolved gases.
Positive selection in the Ebola virus proteome

Abstract To gain insight into the recent evolution of EBOLA virus (EBOV) proteins and identify evolutionary hotspots, I investigated patterns of amino acid substitutions in the proteomes of 49 members of EBOV genus including EBOV, Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Reston virus (RESTV), Sudan virus (SUDV) and Tai Forest virus (TAFV) spanning outbreaks from 1974 to 2014 in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Uganda, Gabon, Sudan, Ivory Coast, Philippines, and Guinea among humans, non-human primates, and pigs. Of the seven genes of the Ebola genome, I found significant variations in evolutionary rates of Glycoprotein (GP), RNA/dependent RNA polymerase (L), and Nucleoprotein (NP) across different lineages. GP and NP were found to evolve at 5- and 3-fold higher rate than other EBOV genes. Several residues in GP and NP show significant dN/dS >1 along the internal branches of the phylogenetic tree leading to Philippines and Sudan outbreaks. Most of these residues are located in solvent exposed areas shown previously to be antigenic. We further identified significant changes in specific amino acid properties of GP, NP and L during the recent evolutionary history of EBOV outbreaks and in particular during the 2014 outbreak. The positively selected residues and chemical properties are consistent with changes in epitope interaction and could thus be important in detecting adaptation of EBOV to the host immune defense system.
Small-c Constitutional Rights

Although constitutions lay out the fundamental principles by which countries are governed, identifying exactly which legal materials are considered constitutional is not a straightforward task. This is for two reasons. First, there is no systematic evidence about the relative importance of countries’ formal, written constitutions—the “Large-C” constitution— versus their broader body of constitutional law derived from sources like judicial decisions, treaties, and conventions—the “small-c” constitution. Second, it is often difficult to establish which legal materials are definitively part of a country’s small-c constitution. We investigated the nature and relative importance of small-c constitutional rights protections by fielding a global expert survey to 220 experts from 123 countries. The results illustrate that although the Large-C constitution is the primary source of constitutional rights in a majority of countries, the small-c constitution also plays a significant role, especially in older constitutional systems. Perhaps surprisingly, whether a country has a civil law or a common law tradition is only weakly associated with the shape and form of the small-c constitution in most countries.
Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Cooking Oils and GC–MS Determination of Their Fatty Acid Constituents: A Research-Based Integrated Lab Experiment

An increased public knowledge of the health benefits of unsaturated fats has resulted in a surge of different cooking oils. Intense advertising of various oil brands claiming to provide the best di...
Perimitochondrial Enzymatic Self-Assembly for Selective Targeting the Mitochondria of Cancer Cells

Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria contribute to drug resistance in cancer, but how to selectively target the mitochondria of cancer cells remains less explored. Here, we show perimitochondrial enzymatic self-assembly for selectively targeting the mitochondria of liver cancer cells. Nanoparticles of a peptide-lipid conjugate, being a substrate of enterokinase (ENTK), encapsulate chloramphenicol (CLRP), a clinically used antibiotic that is deactivated by glucuronidases in cytosol but not in mitochondria. Perimitochondrial ENTK cleaves the Flag-tag on the conjugate to deliver CLRP selectively into the mitochondria of cancer cells, thus inhibiting the mitochondrial protein synthesis, inducing the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and resulting in cancer cell death. This strategy selectively targets liver cancer cells over normal liver cells. Moreover, blocking the mitochondrial protein synthesis sensitizes the cancer cells, relying on glycolysis and/or OXPHOS, to cisplatin. This work illustrates a facile approach, selectively targeting mitochondria of cancer cells and repurposing clinically approved ribosome inhibitors, to interrupt the metabolism of cancer cells for cancer treatment.
Cystic Pancreatic Lesions: A Review of Diagnosis and Management

Pancreatic cysts are commonly seen with increasing use of cross-sectional imaging. They range from a benign inflammatory process that can produce pseudocysts to malignant lesions such as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Other common pancreatic cysts include intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms and serous cystadenomas. Optimized imaging protocol dedicated to imaging the pancreas is required, such as multiphasic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic ultrasound, to fully detect and characterize the lesions. A confident diagnosis can be made on imaging when features such as calcifications, pancreatic duct diameter, main duct communication, and mural nodules are assessed. Additionally, pathologic evaluation from fluid/tissue sampling aid in diagnosis. Optimal management of pancreatic cysts is achieved based on the imaging features, conveying key findings in the radiology report, pathologic evaluation, and clinical factors.
Prototyping Accessible Work Systems with a Deaf-Blind Employee

Computing impacts almost every aspect of modern life. In this current wave of computing, designers strive for ubiquitous use across contexts, across platforms, and across users. Yet, there is still much to be explored in the area of accessible technologies for collaborative work. Assistive technologies are often designed for single use or single users. Interoperability between assistive technologies and computer-supported collaborative systems is essential to co-located work that inherently involves interdependencies between coworkers. The interoperability of collaborative workplace systems with assistive technologies for deaf-blind users is limited to screen readers used with refreshable braille displays [3]. How can a deaf-blind person collaborate with coworkers in real time? In this work, we explore socio-technical challenges of a work environment that depends on collaborative and assistive technologies. We observed an Information Systems and Technology (IS&T) department at a University that is made up of 65 employees-one of whom is a deaf-blind programmer analyst. Through Contextual Inquiry, our observations revealed communication tensions. We present 3 Wizard of Oz prototypes to facilitate communication between the assistive technology user and the other employees in the department. We discuss the socio-technical features weaved through the prototypes. Future work is discussed.
Characteristics of U.S. adults taking prescription antipsychotic medications, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018.

Global 12-month psychosis prevalence is estimated at roughly 0.4%, although prevalence of antipsychotic use in the U.S. is estimated at roughly 1.7%. Antipsychotics are frequently prescribed for off label uses, but have also been shown to carry risk factors for certain comorbid conditions and with other prescription medications. The study aims to describe the socio-demographic and health characteristics of U.S. adults taking prescription antipsychotic medications, and to better understand the association of antipsychotic medications and comorbid chronic diseases. The study pools 2013–2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized U.S. residents (n = 17,691). Survey staff record prescription medications taken within the past 30 days for each respondent, from which typical and atypical antipsychotic medications were identified. Prevalence of antipsychotic use among U.S. adults was 1.6% (n = 320). Over 90% of individuals taking antipsychotics reported having health insurance and a usual place for care, significantly more than their counterparts not taking antipsychotics. Further, those taking antipsychotics reported higher prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases and took an average of 2.3 prescription medications more than individuals not taking antipsychotics. Individuals taking antipsychotics were more likely to sleep 9 or more hours per night, be a current smoker, and have a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. U.S. adults who take antipsychotic medications report more consistent health care access and higher prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases compared to those not taking antipsychotics. The higher comorbidity prevalence and number of total prescriptions highlight the need for careful assessment and monitoring of existing comorbidities and potential drug-drug interactions among adults taking antipsychotics in the U.S.
Endocannabinoids Inhibit the Induction of Virulence in Enteric Pathogens

Endocannabinoids are host-derived lipid hormones that fundamentally impact gastrointestinal (GI) biology. The use of cannabis and other exocannabinoids as anecdotal treatments for various GI disorders inspired the search for mechanisms by which these compounds mediate their effects, which led to the discovery of the mammalian endocannabinoid system. Dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling was linked to inflammation and the gut microbiota. However, the effects of endocannabinoids on host susceptibility to infection has not been explored. Here, we show that mice with elevated levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are protected from enteric infection by Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. 2-AG directly modulates pathogen function by inhibiting virulence programs essential for successful infection. Furthermore, 2-AG antagonizes the bacterial receptor QseC, a histidine kinase encoded within the core Enterobacteriaceae genome that promotes the activation of pathogen-associated type three secretion systems. Taken together, our findings establish that endocannabinoids are directly sensed by bacteria and can modulate bacterial function.
Home Bodies: Prosthetic People and Economies of Desire

Blade Runner 2049 models fantasy and desire in terms of consumption and bureaucracy. Even more than its predecessor, the film underscores the conservative function of masculine fantasy via its adoptions of various familiar genre conventions (noir, the western) and an obviously artificial masculine subject who is the sum of his programming. In ways the film lays bare, fantasy is always received and functions as a kind of programming. Not only is it not escape from real life, fantasy is a conventional script that determines what is available to want and be frustrated by. Thus, fantasy sets up a market and frustration, in every case, is inevitable.
Image analysis of aggregate,mastic and air void phases for asphalt mixture

The shape characterization and spatial distribution of aggregate,mastic and air void phases for asphalt mixture were analyzed.Three air void percentage asphalt mixtures,4%,7% and 8%,respectively,were cut into cross sections and polished.X-ray scanning microscope was used to capture aggregate,mastic,air void phase by the image.The average of polygon diameter was chosen as a threshold to determine which aggregates would be retained on a given sieve.The aggregate morphological image from scanned image was utilized by digital image processing method to calculate the gradation of aggregate and simulate the real gradation.Analysis result shows that the air void of asphalt mixture has influence on the correlation between calculation gradation and actual gradation.When comparing 4.75 mm sieve size of 4%,7% and 8% air void asphalt mixtures,7% air void asphalt mixture has 55% higher than actual size gradation,8% air void asphalt mixture has 8% higher than actual size gradation,and 4% air void asphalt mixture has 3.71% lower than actual size gradation.4% air void asphalt mixture has the best correlation between calculation gradation and actual gradation comparing to other specimens.The air void percentage of asphalt mixture has no obvious influence on the air void orientation,and three asphalt mixtures show the similar air orientation along the same direction.
Is there a relationship between fear of crime and attitudes toward gun control

Much of the research on fear of crime uses fear as a dependent variable (what causes someone to be afraid of crime). This study uses fear of crime as an independent variable to examine its relationship with attitudes regarding gun control policy. Using a national sampling frame of over 3000 responses (n = 3265), this study explored whether fear of being a victim of crime has a relationship with one’s attitude toward gun control. Fear of crime correlated with attitude toward gun control, but when fear of crime and six other variables were examined together, the relationship between fear of crime and attitude toward gun control disappeared. Several variables such as age, sex, owning a firearm, and political ideology did have an effect on attitude toward gun control.
An Analysis of Timeout Calling in College Basketball

Using data streams from ESPN.com (n.d.), we identified possible contingencies on timeout calling for 594 timeouts in 117 games for four Division 1 NCAA college basketball teams. We found that the probability of calling a timeout increased as the relative points scored by the opposing team increased. In addition to analyzing all timeouts inclusively, we analyzed timeouts called within the last 2 min of each half separately from those called in the rest of the game. Regardless of the window of analysis, the probability of calling a timeout increased as the relative points scored by the opposing team increased. To the extent that shots made and points scored by the opposing team were aversive to the coach (and players), the reductions that immediately followed the timeout may have functioned as negative reinforcement.
Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time : Development, Validation, and Use of a Case Definition, Rhode Island, 2018.

ObjectiveNo case definition exists that allows public health authorities to accurately identify opioid overdoses using emergency medical services (EMS) data. We developed and evaluated a case defin...
Sensitivity of Central Oklahoma Convection Forecasts to Upstream Potential Vorticity Anomalies during Two Strongly Forced Cases during MPEX

AbstractThe role of upstream subsynoptic forecast errors on forecasts of two different central Oklahoma severe convection events (19 and 31 May 2013) characterized by strong synoptic forcing during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) are evaluated by applying the ensemble-based sensitivity technique to WRF ensemble forecasts with explicit convection. During both cases, the forecast of the timing and intensity of convection over central Oklahoma is modulated by the southward extent of upstream midtropospheric potential vorticity anomalies that are moving through the base of a larger-scale upstream trough but pass by central Oklahoma prior to convective initiation. In addition, the convection forecasts are also sensitive to the position of lower-tropospheric boundaries, such that moving the boundaries in a manner that would lead to increased equivalent potential temperature over central Oklahoma prior to convective initiation leads to more precipitation. Statistical PV inversion and correlation c...
β-Catenin induces T-cell transformation by promoting genomic instability (HEM4P.237)

Deregulated activation of β-catenin has been correlated with genomic instability in cancer. During thymocyte development β-catenin activates transcription in partnership with Tcf-1, an essential T-cell specific DNA-binding protein. We previously reported that targeted activation of β-catenin in thymocytes (CAT mice) induces lymphomas that depend on recombination-activating-gene (RAG) and c-Myc activities. Here we show that these lymphomas have recurring Tcra/Myc translocations that resulted from illegitimate RAG-recombination events and resembled oncogenic translocations in ponies. We therefore used the CAT animal model to obtain mechanistic insights into the transformation process. Interestingly, ChIP-seq analysis uncovered a link between Tcf-1 and RAG2 showing that the two proteins shared binding sites marked by trimethylated histone-3 lysine-4 (H3K4me3) throughout the genome, including sites near the translocation. Pre-transformed CAT thymocytes had increased DNA damage at the translocating loci and showed altered repair of RAG induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Importantly these cells were able to survive despite DNA damage as activated β-catenin promoted an anti-apoptosis gene expression profile. Thus, activated β-catenin promotes genomic instability that leads to T-cell lymphomas and this is associated with compromised DSB repair and increased survival of thymocytes with damaged DNA.
Towards Exact Quantum Loop Results in the Theory of General Relativity : Status and Update

We present the status and update of a new approach to quantum general relativity as formulated by Feynman from the Einstein-Hilbert action wherein amplitude-based resummation techniques are applied to the theory's loop corrections to yield results (superficially) free of ultraviolet(UV) divergences. Recent applications are summarized.
Archaeology in the Soviet Bloc

Whither Archaeology? Papers in Honour of Evžen Neustupný. Martin Kuna and Natalie Venclova. eds. Prague: Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1995. 312 pp.
Shape Evolution and Fabric in a Boulder Beach, Monument Cove, Maine

ABSTRACT Unequal spacing of nearly vertical joints and sheeting in hornblende granite at Monument Cove, Maine, forms large tabular blocks which accumulate as talus on the backbeach. The blocks are subsequently rounded by wave action to form a pocket boulder and cobble beach. Measurements of the talus blocks and boulders indicate that the initial structurally controlled, bladed and elongate habits are manifested in the boulders; however, as abrasion progresses, more compact (spherical) and more platy (discoidal) boulders evolve. The data suggest that the greatest change is toward compactness and that the ultimate clast shape at Monument Cove would be spherical. The orientations of the L-I planes and the L-axes of the rounded clases were also measured. The L-I planes are well oriented, dipping m inly offshore. The L-axes orientations form three main clusters, one subparallel to the shoreline, one down the dip of the beach, and one oblique to the shoreline. The latter two clusters lie within the modal dip of the L-I planes.
Correction: Genetically encoded unstrained olefins for live cell labeling with tetrazine dyes

Correction for ‘Genetically encoded unstrained olefins for live cell labeling with tetrazine dyes’ by Yan-Jiun Lee et al., Chem. Commun., 2014, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06435f.
Opportunities at ARPA, NSF, and elsewhere

We first report the relatively minor development on the federal budget. We then touch upon announcements from ARPA, NSF, Defense Nuclear Agency, Rome Laboratory, US Special Operations Command, and Office of National Drug Control Policy. We also report a recent ARPA reorganization.
Axiomatic Aspects of N = 2 Vertex Superalgebras with Odd Formal Variables

We formulate the notion of “N = 2 vertex superalgebra with two odd formal variables” using a Jacobi identity with odd formal variables in which an N = 2 superconformal shift is incorporated into the usual Jacobi identity for a vertex superalgebra. It is shown that as a consequence of these axioms, the N = 2 vertex superalgebra is naturally a representation of the Lie superalgebra isomorphic to the three-dimensional algebra of superderivations with basis consisting of the usual conformal operator and the two N = 2 superconformal operators. In addition, this superconformal shift in the Jacobi identity dictates the form of the odd formal variable components of the vertex operators, and allows one to easily derive the useful formulas in the theory. The notion of N = 2 Neveu–Schwarz vertex operator superalgebra with two odd formal variables is introduced, and consequences of this notion are derived. In particular, we develop the duality properties which are necessary for a rigorous treatment of the corresponde...
A wireless biosensor using microfabricated phage-interfaced magnetoelastic particles

Abstract A micro-scale, free standing, wireless biosensor has been developed using magnetoelastic particles composed of an amorphous iron–boron binary alloy. Upon the application of an external magnetic field, these particles exhibit a characteristic resonance frequency, determined by their size and mass, due to the phenomena of magnetoelasticity. The particles are produced using the microelectronic fabrication techniques of photolithography and physical vapor deposition (sputtering). The biosensor is formed by coating the magnetoelastic particle with a thin layer of gold and immobilizing a biomolecular recognition element (bacteriophage) on the surfaces. Bacteriophage genetically engineered to bind Bacillus anthracis spores was used in this set of experiments as the detection probe. Once these targeted spores come into contact with the biosensor, the phage will bind selectively with only that pathogen, thereby increasing the particle's mass and causing a shift in the resonance frequency. Due to the magnetic nature of the sensing platform, this resonance frequency shift may be detected remotely by a wireless scanning device, presenting a distinct advantage over other techniques. A good correlation between the actual number of spores bound to the sensors and the calculated attached mass, based upon resonance frequency shifts, was obtained from the experiments.