cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colonization of new experimental ponds by benthic macroinvertebrates

Benthic macroinvertebrate colonization of 12 0.04-ha experimental ponds was studied for 1 yr. The ponds were filled in late January 1988 and artificial substrate samples were retrieved at 4-wk intervals from 25 February 1988 to 25 February 1989. The first organisms ( Chironomus and Ceratopogonidae) were collected in the first set of samples 4 wk after filling. The colonization sequence was Diptera (primarily several genera of chironomids), followed by Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Odonata. The arrival of taxa corresponded to adult flight periods. Noninsect taxa (Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Amphipoda) were collected in relatively low numbers late in the year. Twenty-nine taxa were collected, 13 of which were present in all 12 ponds. Mean number of taxa, diversity, and evenness increased rapidly during the first 7 mo, but never became very high. Mean density increased slowly throughout the spring and summer to about 200 individuals per sampler and then increased rapidly during the autumn to about 600 individuals per sampler. Community structure was dominated by Chironomidae (≈85%) and Ephemeroptera (≈9%). Trophic function was dominated by detritus-feeding collectors (≈79%). Factors that influenced the structure and function of the new experimental ponds appeared to be: lack of connection to colonized waters, small size, and simple, homogeneous habitat and food resources.
Research on Teaching and Teacher Education and Its Influences on Policy and Practice

Using five AERA presidential addresses over the past half century as landmarks, this essay traces the evolution of research on teaching and teacher education as well as some critical impacts the research has had on policy and practice related to teacher education and teacher evaluation in the United States. The discussion shows how these addresses both reflected the progress and challenges of research on teaching and teacher education at the times they were delivered and identified paths that the education research community could take to address the challenges. It traces key influences of these lines of work on the quality of teacher preparation, assessment of teaching effectiveness, and competing conceptions of teacher accountability. It ends with a discussion of the role of politics in setting educational policy, a call for education researchers to become more knowledgeable about and more capable of engaging in political and policy arenas productively, and a reminder that public scholarship is the goal...
Rotaxanes and biofunctionalized pseudorotaxanes via thiol-maleimide click chemistry.

Base-catalyzed thiol-maleimide click chemistry has been applied to the synthesis of neutral donor–acceptor [2]rotaxanes in good yield. This method is extended further to the synthesis of a glutathione-functionalized [2]pseudorotaxane, a precursor to integrated conjugates of interlocked molecules with proteins and enzymes.
Release Characteristics and Yield Increase Effect of Late-rice Special Controlled-release Fertilizer

Field experiments were carried out to test the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on soil nitrogen supply and rice yield.Results showed that late-rice special controlled-release fertilizer have the better control effect to the nitrogen in the beginning period of the transplantation.Compared with compound fertilizer,controlled-release fertilizer could siginficantly decrease the contents of NH+4-N in flooded rice paddy after 10-days application.In middle and late period of duration,the controlled-release fertilizer can provide more nitrogen and enhance the crops yield and quality in some degree.
On the restore "Alef" space paradigm

Includes news,advertising,visual graphics,including long-term,interest-bearing human communication in the context of tools,the end,become a "what do" the means or tools.This tool of practice and instrumental ideas go hand in hand,not only in objectively cured of their position,and has become the ideological composition of common sense activities,any people casually use and reproduction.Practical discourse of those practical considerations,and the forces and means to start the intentions of those who corrupt the quality of communication,unwilling to be softened Communication needs of human flesh from the complicated state of Fan Shen return to its quality world,to fi nd it is full of magical charm to the "aleph" space paradigm.With the specifi c communication tools to enhance the quality of communication,relying on the common will of mankind to construct the spread of buildings,making China into a modern media to fully reflect the modern nature of big and big cause.
Robotic object detection: learning to improve the classifiers using sparse graphs for path planning

Object detection is a basic skill for a robot to perform tasks in human environments. In order to build a good object classifier, a large training set of labeled images is required; this is typically collected and labeled (often painstakingly) by a human. This method is not scalable and therefore limits the robot's detection performance. We propose an algorithm for a robot to collect more data in the environment during its training phase so that in the future it could detect objects more reliably. The first step is to plan a path for collecting additional training images, which is hard because a previously visited location affects the decision for the future locations. One key component of our work is path planning by building a sparse graph that captures these dependencies. The other key component is our learning algorithm that weighs the errors made in robot's data collection process while updating the classifier. In our experiments, we show that our algorithms enable the robot to improve its object classifiers significantly.
The patent ductus arteriosus.

This article focuses on the patent ductus arteriosus in the preterm infant. The results of recent laboratory investigations concerning the modulation of the caliber of the fetal ductus arteriosus by alterations in the prostaglandin milieu are discussed. Reports from the authors’ institution of pharmacologic closure of the patent ductus arteriosus by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis have established that this approach may be a useful alternative to operations in the critically ill neonate.
Modified Bioretention for Enhanced Nitrogen Removal from Agricultural Runoff

AbstractBioretention has been found to treat many pollutants, but nitrogen is difficult to control. A modified bioretention system with an internal water storage zone to encourage denitrification was installed in a silage storage area at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, CT. Flow volumes were measured and flow-weighted samples were analyzed for total nitrogen (TN). The median TN concentration at the inlet was 12.3 mg L−1 (mean 12.3), whereas median outlet TN concentration was 4.0 mg L−1 (mean 5.1). Outlet concentrations were significantly (p<0.001) lower than inlet concentrations, with a 67.3% reduction in the median TN concentration. TN mass was reduced by 61.6%. Results indicate that this modified bioretention could be used in urban or agricultural areas to reduce N loading to receiving waters.
Steady-State Modeling of Modular Multilevel Converter Under Unbalanced Grid Conditions

This paper presents a steady-state model of MMC for the second-order phase voltage ripple prediction under unbalanced conditions, taking the impact of negative-sequence current control into account. From the steady-state model, a circular relationship is found among current and voltage quantities, which can be used to evaluate the magnitudes and initial phase angles of different circulating current components. Moreover, in order to calculate the circulating current in a point-to-point MMC-based HVdc system under unbalanced grid conditions, the derivation of equivalent dc impedance of an MMC is discussed as well. According to the dc impedance model, an MMC inverter can be represented as a series connected R–L–C branch, with its equivalent resistance and capacitance directly related to the circulating current control parameters. Experimental results from a scaled-down three-phase MMC system under an emulated single-line-to-ground fault are provided to support the theoretical analysis and derived model. This new models provides an insight into the impact of different control schemes on the fault characteristics and improves the understanding of the operation of MMC under unbalanced conditions.
Shipibos displaced in Lima: insurgent Citizens as authorized Indians in Peru

After years of settlement on a landfill in Lima’s shanty-town Cantagallo, more than 300 families of the Shipibo-Konibo Amazonian indigenous group faced displacement by a public–private project to t...
True Numerical Cognition in the Wild

Cognitive and neural research over the past few decades has produced sophisticated models of the representations and algorithms underlying numerical reasoning in humans and other animals. These models make precise predictions for how humans and other animals should behave when faced with quantitative decisions, yet primarily have been tested only in laboratory tasks. We used data from wild baboons' troop movements recently reported by Strandburg-Peshkin, Farine, Couzin, and Crofoot (2015) to compare a variety of models of quantitative decision making. We found that the decisions made by these naturally behaving wild animals rely specifically on numerical representations that have key homologies with the psychophysics of human number representations. These findings provide important new data on the types of problems human numerical cognition was designed to solve and constitute the first robust evidence of true numerical reasoning in wild animals.
Flavor and Taste Development in the First Years of Life

Across the first four years of life, infants transition from a diet of liquids to solid foods. Flavor preferences affect the acceptance of novel foods. Fetuses experience flavors in the uterine environment, and some preferences appear to be innate. Sweet and salty foods tend to be accepted by most newborns, while bitter tastes are rejected. Breast fed infants appear to have an advantage over formula fed infants, as their exposure to a varying flavor profile is influenced by the mother's diet. Infants are fairly accepting of novel foods, but rejection of new foods increases across the initial years of life. Children learn to accept novel foods through a variety of experiences, provided within social contexts. Some children are more accepting of various sensory inputs present during mealtimes. Parents report a greater challenge getting multiple taste exposures when their child exhibits less sensory adaptability. The number of foods eaten as a young child has a strong influence on the food repertoire later in childhood. Foods eaten by parents significantly predict the number and types of foods eaten by children. Strategies to help parents be more successful in achieving taste exposures in a positive social environment need to be identified.
Repression of Interstitial Identity in Nephron Progenitor Cells by Pax2 Establishes the Nephron-Interstitium Boundary during Kidney Development.

The kidney contains the functional units, the nephrons, surrounded by the renal interstitium. Previously we discovered that, once Six2-expressing nephron progenitor cells and Foxd1-expressing renal interstitial progenitor cells form at the onset of kidney development, descendant cells from these populations contribute exclusively to the main body of nephrons and renal interstitial tissues, respectively, indicating a lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments. Currently it is unclear how lineages are regulated during kidney organogenesis. We demonstrate that nephron progenitor cells lacking Pax2 fail to differentiate into nephron cells but can switch fates into renal interstitium-like cell types. These data suggest that Pax2 function maintains nephron progenitor cells by repressing a renal interstitial cell program. Thus, the lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments is maintained by the Pax2 activity in nephron progenitor cells during kidney organogenesis.
Clinical considerations in the management of individuals at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

BackgroundHereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, most commonly due to germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, has been recognized for many years. The optimal clinical management of ...
Comparison Between Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent and Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt as Palliation for Infants With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Insights From the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative

Background: Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow may undergo palliation with either a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or a modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt. A balanced multicenter comparison of these 2 approaches is lacking. Methods: Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with either a PDA stent or a BT shunt from January 2008 to November 2015 were reviewed from the 4 member centers of the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative. Outcomes were compared by use of propensity score adjustment to account for baseline differences between groups. Results: One hundred six patients with a PDA stent and 251 patients with a BT shunt were included. The groups differed in underlying anatomy (expected 2-ventricle circulation in 60% of PDA stents versus 45% of BT shunts; P =0.001) and presence of antegrade pulmonary blood flow (61% of PDA stents versus 38% of BT shunts; P P =0.31). Other reinterventions were more common in the PDA stent group (hazard ratio, 29.8; 95% CI, 9.8–91.1; P P P P =0.006), and larger (152 mm 2 /m 2 [95% CI, 132–176] versus 125 mm 2 /m 2 [95% CI, 113–138]; P =0.029) and more symmetrical (symmetry index, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.8–0.89] versus 0.77 [95% CI, 0.75–0.8]; P =0.008] pulmonary arteries at the time of subsequent surgical repair or last follow-up. Conclusions: In this multicenter comparison of palliative PDA stent and BT shunt for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow adjusted for differences in patient factors, there was no difference in the primary end point, death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis. However, other markers of morbidity and pulmonary artery size favored the PDA stent group, supporting PDA stent as a reasonable alternative to BT shunt in select patients.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and its variants: Examining the behavioral and neurocognitive phenotype

Purpose of reviewLesch–Nyhan Syndrome (LNS) is a metabolic disorder involving mutations in the HGPRT1 gene that result in hyperuricemia, intellectual disability, a dystonic movement disorder, and compulsive self-injury with self-mutilation. The aim of this review is to summarize recent research that
Modeling and analysis of coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanical processes during lost circulation

Abstract: Wellbore stability remains as one of the major challenges to drilling engineers. Results of recent survey showed about one third of non-productive time of drilling operation is classified as borehole problem, where a significant part is attributed to borehole instability. The thermal regime of a formation in the vicinity of a wellbore affects the stability of the well significantly during drilling operations, especially in High pressure High Temperature (HPHT) wells. This paper describes how the thermal behavior of a tubular-wellbore-reservoir system is altered during mud loss, as well as its consequent impact on near-wellbore state of stresses and critical mud weights. A fully coupled three dimensional thermal-poro-elastic model, integrated with a transient tubular-wellbore-reservoir heat flow model, is developed to evaluate near-wellbore stresses and pore pressure redistribution during mud loss. The forced convective heat transfer coefficients in both conduits-drillpipe and annulus-are rigorously determined as a function of local flow and fluid properties. The results reveal that continuous mud loss destabilizes the wellbore as the pressure window shifts considerably over time. Critical mud weights for both tensile and compressive failures decrease during mud loss over the entire length of the wellbore, in addition to the point of loss. During severe losses, the fracture gradient at the bottom of the well can decrease by over 1 ppg within the first hour. This can intensify the existing fracturing condition and allow the development of new fractures at other locations, which leads to further losses as time progresses. This model enables prediction of a more realistic operating window during lost circulation by taking additional thermally-induced effects into account. In addition, failure indexes during mud loss considering P-ρ-T coupling effect on a compressible mud column in the annulus are investigated with the proposed model. During drilling operations, especially Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and offshore applications with moderate to severe mud loss, the operation window should be modified by taking mud loss-induced thermal stresses into account. The mud type, wellbore geometry, circulation rate, and other parameters affect the magnitude of shift in critical mud weight during mud loss, hence evaluations should be based on specific cases.
Improved stability of self-healing hydrogel pore-filled membranes with ionic cross-links

Abstract A self-healing water filtration membrane that can autonomously recover from rejection loss due to physical damage is a promising solution to deal with prevalent membrane integrity deterioration problems. While hydrogel-composite membranes fabricated using poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel and a polyethersulfone support exhibit strong self-healing property, the stability of these membranes in high ionic strength solutions is uncertain. This study investigates the effect of changes in the ionic strength of the swelling medium due to the presence of saline and acidic solutions on PAMPS pore-filled membranes. Acidic conditions had a deleterious effect on the pore-filled membranes, resulting in loss of rejection to 50%. However, the presence of cations such as calcium and sodium ions in saline solutions improved the stability and self-healing property of PAMPS pore-filled membranes substantially. Ionically cross-linked membranes showed rejection recovery from values as low as 13%, which is a marked improvement over previous pore-filled membranes which did not show any self-healing property when the rejection fell below 30%. The results of this study suggest that ionic cross-links provide a facile approach to improve the performance of self-healing hydrogel pore-filled membranes.
Plasma Parameters From Reentry Signal Attenuation

This paper presents the application of a theoretically developed method that provides plasma parameter solution space information from measured RF attenuation that occurs during reentry. The purpose is to provide reentry plasma parameter information from the communication signal attenuation. The theoretical development centers around the attenuation and the complex index of refraction. The methodology uses an imaginary index of the refraction matching algorithm with a tolerance to find suitable solutions that satisfy the theory. The imaginary matching terms are then used to determine the real index of refraction resulting in the complex index of refraction. Then a filter is used to reject nonphysical solutions. Signal attenuation-based plasma parameter properties investigated include the complex index of refraction, plasma frequency, electron density, collision frequency, propagation constant, attenuation constant, phase constant, complex plasma conductivity, and electron mobility. RF plasma thickness attenuation is investigated and compared to the literature. Similar plasma thickness for a specific signal attenuation can have different plasma properties.
What Is the ‘True’ Mediterranean-Type Vegetation?

It has been demonstrated that evergreen sclerophylls are not always well adapted to, and do not flourish in, strongly winter-wet summer-dry climates [Blumler (Warm-temperate deciduous forests. Springer, 2015); Blumler and Plummer (Warm-temperate deciduous forests. Springer, 2015)]. What vegetation then is best adapted to mediterranean climates? Therophytes may be natural competitive dominants where soil is fertile, summer drought is protracted and extreme, and precipitation is low enough that it does not percolate downward significantly. Fertility matters because of its influence on the seasonality of the water regime (i.e., the “mediterraneanness” of the water regime, in a sense). Empirical data, collected originally by Raunkiaer but reinforced by more recent studies, suggest a greater tendency of annuals to flourish in seasonally dry than in arid environments. Studies of vegetation dynamics indicate that annuals can be highly competitive and perhaps even “climax” where winters are wet (but not too wet), and summers are hot, long, and dry. Tall, laterally expanding clonal plants of the sort that Grime classifies as competitors, do not thrive under such conditions, being largely restricted to mesic habitats where the seasonal drought is moderated. This leaves Grime’s competitive-ruderals, tall annual plants, as the most competitive species present in open habitats. Biome modeling and vegetation mapping would improve if the assumption of one biome per climate were relaxed and instead different life forms or functional types were mapped as overlays in a GIS.
Smart camera system on-board a CubeSat for space-based object reentry and tracking

The availability of low-cost, high-performance electronics, sensors, actuators, and communication systems for CubeSats and small-satellites open new avenues in Space Situational Awareness (SSA). Scores of low-cost CubeSats and small-satellites maybe rapidly assembled into a constellation to constantly observe natural and man-made objects entering the Earth's atmosphere. Such a low-cost architecture can be constantly upgraded with rapidly advancing sensor technology and is robust to single point failures. SWIMSat (Space Weather and meteor Impact Monitoring Satellite) is a Low Earth orbit (LEO) based 3U CubeSat demonstrator concept intended to observe objects entering the Earth's atmosphere. The proposed spacecraft uses a smart camera system to observe the Earth during the night time. The camera is placed on the long axis of the spacecraft so that the earth observation is achieved with Nadir pointing. Using this demonstrator, we hope to develop the technology to demonstrate a CubeSat constellation to observe object entering the Earth's atmosphere. SWIMSat's smart camera system uses an onboard image processing algorithm to detect objects entering the Earth's atmosphere. The object detection algorithm uses a multilayered approach to autonomously detect and track entering objects using a single camera. The object detection approach at its base relies on simple vision-feature detection methods to filter and identify events of interest. This is followed by obtaining dynamic information of the objects including velocity, acceleration, trajectory. Using the hyperspectral and thermal imagers it may be possible to obtain first-order estimates of the composition of the reentering object. Using these estimated statistics, our approach develops a physical simulation model of the observed system and predicts its entry trajectory. In this work, the performance of our object entry detection algorithm coupled with a spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control system is demonstrated by simulating both the physical world and the orbiting observer. These experiments are conducted in the laboratory using a mock spacecraft mounted on a robotic arm to facilitate 2-axis rotations. These two systems are connected to a computer equivalent to a CubeSat computer. When the experiment starts, the camera detects incoming meteors simulated on a high resolution TV-screen. The detection algorithm coupled with spacecraft control system then track and predict the object reentry trajectory. A thorough description of the detection algorithm, along with the tracking controller is presented in this work. The results of laboratory hardware-in-the-loop experiments are presented. Our work suggests both a critical need and the promise of such a tracking algorithm for implementation of an autonomous, low-cost constellation for performing Space Situational Awareness (SSA).
Medical applications of leukocyte surface molecules--the CD molecules.

Leukocytes are the cells of the Immune system and are centrally Involved in defense against Infection, in autoimmune disease, allergy, Inflammation, and in organ graft rejection. Lymphomas and leukemias are malignancies of leukocytes, and the Immune system Is almost certainly Involved In most other cancers. Each leukocyte expresses a selection of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids which mediate its Interaction with antigen, with other components of the Immune system, and with other tissues. It is therefore not surprising that the leukocyte surface molecules (CD molecules) have provided targets for diagnosis and therapy. Among the “celebrities” are CD20, a target for lymphoma therapeutic antibodies which earns $2 billion annually (and makes a significant difference to lymphoma patients), and CD4, the molecule used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as an entry portal into cells of the Immune system. This short review provides a background to the CD molecules and antibodies against them, and summarizes research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications of antibodies against these molecules.
Interpreting Quantum Mechanics

Interpreting quantum mechanics (QM) is taken as the interpretation of a practice involving both experimental and theoretical inferences. The two inference systems rest on mutually incompatible foundations. Thus, the theory disallows sharp particle trajectories. The accelerators and detectors basic to the practice of particle physics rely on sharp trajectories. Orthodox QM includes a projection postulate, allowing for the infusion of experimental inferences into the theory. A replacement for orthodox QM should include an analog of the projection postulate. It should also have a quantum, rather than a semi-classical, foundation and should accommodate virtual processes. The Consistent Histories (CH) formulation/interpretation meets these requirements. Here this is presented in two stages. The first summarizes Griffiths’s formulation of CH and considers the outstanding objections The second treats the Gell-Mann–Hartle project of providing a CH formulation that allows for the emergence of a quasi-classical order, an approximation to the large-scale deterministic laws that characterize the classical realm.
A Primer in the Use and Interpretation of Structural Equation Models

Structural equation modeling is appropriate whenever models of relationships among variables need to be estimated and tested. This article answers some common questions about the methodology of str...
Getting started with cluster computing BCCD and windows HPC 2008 R2 clusters

We seek to describe two accessible methods for setting up a computing cluster in an undergraduate or high school environment. It is becoming ever more necessary that future Information Technology students are familiar with the concepts of parallel computing and programming. However, many high schools, community colleges, and small universities do not have a program in place to introduce their students to this environment. We will explain why this information is relevant, discuss two cluster environments, and provide an introduction to cluster configuration.
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Right Sinus of Valsalva in a Patient Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation in Lead aVR: A Case Report.

Abstract Background Anomalous coronary artery origins appear in roughly 1% of coronary angiograms, and up to 15% of syncope and sudden cardiac death events can be attributed to anomalous coronaries. Patients with an anomalous coronary artery arising from the opposite sinus may initially present with syncope and electrocardiographic findings of ischemia. Case Report We describe a case in which an adolescent male presented with exercise-induced angina and syncope, and his initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed diffuse ST-segment depression with ST-segment elevation in lead aVR. Cardiac catheterization revealed there was no coronary ostium in the left coronary cusp, and the left coronary artery had an anomalous origin from the right cusp. The patient received urgent left internal mammary artery-to-left anterior descending artery coronary bypass and a saphenous vein graft to the ramus intermedius. After he underwent 6 months of medical therapy with β-blockade and angiotensin-receptor blockade, his left ventricular systolic function improved to low-normal level (left ventricular ejection fraction, approximately 50%). Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? ST-segment elevation in lead aVR is strongly prognostic for left main or triple-vessel coronary artery disease. However, in patients who present with syncope and few other coronary artery disease risk factors, this ECG finding should be suggestive of an ischemic event caused by an anomalous left coronary artery. Early recognition of this pattern of clinical signs and ECG findings by an emergency physician could be critical for making the correct diagnosis and risk stratifying the patient for early coronary angiography and urgent surgical revascularization.
Lentiviral Gene Therapy in HSCs Restores Lineage-Specific Foxp3 Expression and Suppresses Autoimmunity in a Mouse Model of IPEX Syndrome.

Summary Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a devastating autoimmune disease caused by mutations in FoxP3, a transcription factor required for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) can be curative, but suitable donors are often unavailable. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for autologous HSCT and gene therapy utilizing a lentiviral vector (LV) to restore FoxP3 expression under the control of endogenous human FOXP3 regulatory elements. Both murine transplant models and humanized mice engrafted with LV-modified HSCs show high levels of LV expression selective for CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells. LV transduction of scurfy (FoxP3mut) HSCs restores development of functional FoxP3+ Treg cells that suppress T cell proliferation in vitro and rescue the scurfy autoimmune phenotype in vivo. These findings demonstrate preclinical efficacy for the treatment of IPEX patients by autologous HSC transplant and may provide valuable insights into new cell therapies for autoimmunity.
Attribute-based identification processes for autonomous manufacturing systems – an approach for the integration in factory planning methods

Abstract The demand for customer innovated products is rising. In order to deal with the resulting complexity, the factory planner can employ autonomous manufacturing systems, in which objects are enabled to coordinate themselves through production systems. A fundamental requirement for this kind of control is the identification of objects. In this approach, attribute-based identification is focused on decreasing the identification costs. Instead of using an ID, an object type is recognised by its attributes. The integration of such a system, especially the required sensors, in an existing plant is difficult. Therefore, planning and development should take place within the factory planning.
Summary: Workshop on Momentum Distributions

This has been an extraordinary Workshop touching many branches of physics. The Workshop has treated momentum distributions in fluid and solid condensed matter, in nuclei, and in electronic systems. Both theoretical and experimental concepts and methods have been considered in all these branches. A variety of specific illustrations and applications in physical systems have been presented. One finds that some common unifying themes emerge. One finds, also, that some examples are available to illustrate where one branch is more mature than others and to contrast where expectations for future progress may be most encouraged.
Cold Storage Method Affects Root and Shoot Water Potential of Bare-root Hawthorn and Maple Trees

Abstract Desiccation of bare-root tree seedlings during storage can result in reduced growth and poor quality after transplanting. For 12 weeks, shoot and root water potentials of bare-root Norway ...
Sources and frequency of brood loss in solitary bees

We surveyed the literature for reports of parasites, predators, and other associates of the brood found in the nests of solitary bees. Studies were included in this survey if they reported the contents of all the bee brood cells that they examined. The natural enemies of solitary bees represented in the studies included here were taxonomically diverse. Although a few studies report high loss of solitary bee brood to a species-rich set of natural enemies, most studies report losses of less than 20% to few natural enemies. Brood parasitic bees are the greatest source of mortality for immatures of pollen-collecting solitary bees followed by meloid beetles (Meloidae), beeflies (Bombyliidae), and clerid beetles (Cleridae). Most groups, however, are reported from only a few host species and attack a low proportion of brood cells. Mortality due to unknown causes is also common. The suite of natural enemies that attack ground- and cavity-nesting solitary bees is very different. The cavity-nesting species have higher reported mortality due to unknown causes perhaps related to how nests are manipulated and handled by researchers.
Ethylzincation of Monosubstituted Alkenes Catalyzed by EtMgBr−Cl2ZrCp2 and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross Coupling of the Resultant Diisoalkylzinc Derivatives

The reaction of monosubstituted alkenes with 0.5 molar equiv of Et2Zn in the presence of a catalyst generated in situ by treatment of Cl2ZrCp2 with 2 molar equiv of EtMgBr produces regioselectively the corresponding diisoalkylzincs 1, generally in high yields. Their direct cross coupling with a variety of organic halides in the same reaction vessel can be achieved in good yields with a catalytic amount of a palladium complex.
Improving pressure-limited CO2 storage capacity in saline formations by means of brine extraction

Abstract The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage capacity of saline formations may be constrained by reservoir pressure limitations. Brine extraction could be necessary to increase the CO 2 storage capacity of a given formation, manage the extent of the underground CO 2 plume and induced pressure front, and control the migration direction. To estimate the additional CO 2 storage capacity of a saline formation that can be made accessible by extraction of in-situ brines, a three-dimensional (3D) generic cubic cell containing one CO 2 injector in the middle surrounded by four brine extractors at each corner of the cell was assumed. A series of Tough2-ECO2N reservoir simulations were constructed with varying reservoir properties and run. Based on a series of scenarios, a mechanism was developed and demonstrated that resulted in derivation of a function to provide estimates of the ratio of total CO 2 injection over the brine extraction rate for a given scenario. We selected multiple saline formations in U.S. basins and evaluated the potential to increase the combined dynamic CO 2 storage capacity of the selected saline formations to over 1000 million metric tonnes per year (Mt/yr) of CO 2 for 100 years by means of brine extraction. Such storage capacities may be adequate to accommodate the CO 2 injection rates suggested for the United States under a “beyond two-degree Celsius scenario” (B2DS) that has been proposed to maintain global temperature rise to less than 2°C above pre-industrial reported levels. The results suggest that B2DS goals could be achieved with a volume ratio of brine extraction to CO 2 injection as low as 1:4, which is far lower than the ratios that have been commonly assumed in the literature.
Golden Hour for Extremely Premature Infants: Improving Time to Normothermia and Administration of Ivf and Antibiotics

Background: Extremely premature infants require rapid stabilization for improved outcomes which is maintaining normothermia, treatment of presumed sepsis, and prevention of hypoglycemia. Nationwide Children's Hospital NICU at Ohio State University Medical Center has 4500 deliveries, 800 beds, LEVEL III Unit with 49 beds and 100 < 28week …
The Exponential of a Quaternionic Matrix

The exponential map is important because it provides a map from the Lie algebra of a Lie group into the group itself. We focus on matrix groups over the quaternions and the exponential map from their Lie algebras into the groups. Since quaternionic multiplication is not commutative, the process of calculating the exponential of a matrix over the quaternions is more involved than the process of calculating the exponential of a matrix over the real or complex numbers. We develop processes by which this calculation may be reduced to a simpler problem, and provide some examples. Acknowledgements: This project was made possible by a research grant from the Undergraduate Research Office and the Honors Program at the University of Nevada, Reno. I am also indebted to my mentor, Dr. Valentin Deaconu, for his expertise and support throughout the process of writing this paper. Page 30 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 12, No. 2
Use of Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes in the Selective Delivery of Methotrexate and Cis-Platinum Analogues to Murine Bladder Tumor

Abstract This report describes the release of methotrexate and cis-platinum analogues JM8 and JM9 from phase transition liposomes. Large unilamellar liposomes were able to quickly release the antineo-plastic agents employed during in vitro tests. Methotrexate exhibited a 73 per cent release in one second. The cis-platinum analogues JM8 and JM9 were slower, showing 43.5 per cent and 33.5 per cent release at two seconds. In vivo experiments utilizing MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma-bearing mice were conducted. Methotrexate delivered by the liposome complex showed an 8.4-fold increase in heated tumor uptake when compared to unheated tumors.
Stigma and US Nurses' Intentions to Provide the Standard of Maternal Care to Incarcerated Women, 2017.

Objectives. To examine relationships among actionable drivers and facilitators of stigma and nurses’ intentions to provide the standard of maternal care recommended by the Association of Women’s He...
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE DOES NOT PREDICT MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is recommended to determine the need of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severe asymptomatic aortic stenosis (ASAS). Important exercise variables include abnormal systolic blood pressure (SBP) response. Our aim was to determine the significance
Think Like an Expert: Neural Alignment Predicts Understanding in Students Taking an Introduction to Computer Science Course

Abstract How do students understand and remember new information? Despite major advances in measuring human brain activity during and after educational experiences, it is unclear how learners internalize new content, especially in real-life and online settings. In this work, we introduce a neural measure for predicting and assessing learning outcomes. Our approach hinges on the idea that successful learning involves forming the “right” set of neural representations, which are captured in “canonical” activity patterns shared across individuals. Specifically, we hypothesized that understanding is mirrored in “neural alignment”: the degree to which an individual learner’s neural representations match those of experts, as well as those of other learners. We tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal functional MRI study that regularly scanned college students enrolled in an introduction to computer science course. We additionally scanned graduate student “experts” in computer science. We found that alignment among students successfully predicted overall performance in a final exam. Furthermore, within individual students, concepts that evoked better alignment with the experts and with their fellow students were better understood, revealing neural patterns associated with understanding specific concepts. These results provide support for a novel neural measure of concept understanding that can be used to assess and predict learning outcomes in real-life contexts.
Non-spatial context-driven search

Contexts that predict characteristics of search targets can guide attention by triggering attentional control settings for the characteristics. However, this context-driven search has most commonly been found in the spatial dimension. The present study explored the context-driven search when shape contexts predict the color of targets: non-spatial context-driven search. It has been demonstrated that context-driven search requires cognitive resources, and evidence of non-spatial context-driven search is found when there is an increase in cognitive resources for the shape/color associations. Thus, the scarcity of evidence for non-spatial context-driven search is potentially because the context-driven search requires more cognitive resources for shape/color associations than for spatial/spatial associations. In the current study, we violated a previously 100% consistent shape/color association with two mismatch trials to encourage allocation of cognitive resources to the shape/color association. Three experiments showed that the shape-predicted color cues captured attention more than the non-predicted color cues, indicating that shape contexts triggered attentional control settings for a color predicted by the contexts. Furthermore, the shape contexts guided attention to the predicted color only after the two mismatch trials, suggesting that expression of the non-spatial context-driven search may require cognitive resources more than the spatial context-driven search.
Are You My Grandmother

I grew up with my parents telling me that my grandmother was the leader of a cult church. They also told me that I reminded them of her. This 500-word personal essay reflects my resulting attempt to understand myself through the lens of a grandmother I knew primarily through the eyes of others.
Contention Between English as a Second Language and Special Education Services for Emergent Bilinguals with Disabilities

Tension entre el ingles como segunda lengua y los servicios de educacion especial para bilingues emergentes con discapacidades Tensao entre o ingles como segunda lingua e os servicos de educacao especial para bilingues emergentes com deficiencias The debate surrounding the prioritization of services for emergent bilinguals with disabilities is an area in need of attention. The generalized belief that disability-related services must take priority over English as a Second Language services suggests that there is a critical need to develop school professionals’ understanding that these learners, in addition to receiving special education services, need substantial support in developing their second language abilities. The steady growth of emergent bilinguals and multilinguals in public schools, that is, students acquiring English as a new language, calls for well-trained practitioners able to meet these students’ diverse linguistic, academic, cultural, emotional, and intellectual needs. The typical challenges this population faces acquiring a new language have, well too often, been misrepresented, neglected, or led them to programs for students with true disabilities. However, when emergent bilinguals are legitimately referred to special education, it is not uncommon for their disability-related needs to be prioritized over their English as a Second Language-related needs, and they end up not receiving the support they need to develop social and academic skills in the new language. This review article is intended to stimulate reflection on the types of services being delivered to emergent bilinguals and multilinguals with disabilities in U.S. public school settings. To reference this article (APA) / Para citar este articulo (APA) / Para citar este artigo (APA) Lopes-Murphy, S. A. (2020). Contention between English as a second language and special education services for emergent bilinguals with disabilities. Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated Learning, 13 (1), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.5294/laclil.2020.13.1.3 Received: 29/09/2019 Accepted: 18/02/2020 Published: 28/08/2020
Adherence and out-of-pocket costs among Medicare beneficiaries who are prescribed oral targeted therapies for advanced prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Abiraterone and enzalutamide are high-cost oral therapies that increasingly are used to treat patients with advanced prostate cancer; these agents carry the potential for significant financial consequences to patients. In the current study, the authors investigated coping and material measures of the financial hardship of these therapies among patients with Medicare Part D coverage. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective cohort study on a 20% sample of Medicare Part D enrollees who underwent treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide between July 2013 and June 2015. The authors described the variability in adherence rates and out-of-pocket payments among hospital referral regions in the first 6 months of therapy and determined whether adherence and out-of-pocket payments were associated with patient factors and the socioeconomic characteristics of where a patient was treated. RESULTS There were 4153 patients who filled abiraterone or enzalutamide prescriptions through Medicare Part D in 228 hospital referral regions. The mean adherence rate was 75%. The median monthly out-of-pocket payment for abiraterone and enzalutamide was $706 (range, $0-$3505). After multilevel, multivariable adjustment for patient and regional factors, adherence was found to be lower in patients who were older (69% for patients aged ≥85 years vs 76% for patients aged <70 years; P < .01) and in those with low-income subsidies (69% in those with a subsidy vs 76% in those without a subsidy; P < .01). Both Hispanic ethnicity and living in a hospital referral region with a higher percentage of Hispanic beneficiaries were found to be independently associated with higher out-of-pocket payments for abiraterone and enzalutamide. CONCLUSIONS There were substantial variations in the adherence rate and out-of-pocket payments among Medicare Part D beneficiaries who were prescribed abiraterone and enzalutamide. Sociodemographic patient and regional factors were found to be associated with both adherence and out-of-pocket payments.
Role of Immunoglobulin M and A Antibodies in the Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people globally. Virus infection requires the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Although studies have demonstrated anti-spike and -RBD antibodies to be protective in animal models, and convalescent plasma as a promising therapeutic option, little is known about immunoglobulin isotypes capable of blocking infection. METHODS: We studied spike- and RBD-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in convalescent and acute plasma/serum samples using a multiplex bead assay. We also determined virus neutralization activities in plasma and serum samples, and purified immunoglobulin fractions using a vesicular stomatitis pseudovirus assay. RESULTS: Spike- and RBD-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG1, and IgA1 were produced by all or nearly all subjects at variable levels and detected early after infection. All samples displayed neutralizing activity. Regression analyses revealed that IgM and IgG1 contributed most to neutralization, consistent with IgM and IgG fractions' neutralization potency. IgA also exhibited neutralizing activity, but with lower potency. CONCLUSION: IgG, IgM, and IgA are critical components of convalescent plasma used for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).