cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Cytochrome c II. COMPARATIVE DATA FOR A HEME OCTAPEPTIDE

Abstract The optical rotatory dispersion of horse heart cytochrome c has been compared with that of model heme octapeptide systems. When one of the coordination positions about the heme iron of the peptide systems is occupied by the imidazole side chain of the single histidine residue, dispersion curves are obtained which, in a number of respects, are similar to those of the intact protein. There are also, however, major differences. The most striking of these occur in the Soret region, where the patterns recorded for the peptide complexes resemble more nearly those for myoglobin and hemoglobin than those for horse heart cytochrome c. Only with the heme peptide in aggregated form were curves obtained which approach the pattern for the parent ferricytochrome molecule in the Soret region. Complexes of the oxidized heme peptide with extrinsic imidazole and with methionine derivatives yield curves which exhibit, in addition to the Cotton effects in the Soret region, a broad positive extremum in the range 500 to 600 mµ, and multiple Cotton effects in the ultraviolet. Reduction of these complexes results in shifts of the curves to longer wave lengths in the Soret region, the appearance of well defined Cotton effects associated with the hemochrome bands near 520 and 550 mµ, and extensive modification of the complicated pattern in the ultraviolet region. The curves obtained differ for the two oxidation states throughout the wave length range studied (220 to 620 mµ). Rotations recorded at wave lengths near 230 mµ are greater than those calculated for 8 residues in random coil form on the basis of relationships for simple polypeptides. This excess rotation is not diminished by the addition of 8 m urea, but is reduced greatly upon protonation or photooxidation of the histidine residue of the peptide. Such treatment leads also to loss of the large Cotton effect in the Soret region.
Statistics and Society

S OME years ago, in helping to present the budget of the Bureau of the Census to a Sub-Committee of the House Appropriations Committee, I was asked by a Congressman strategically placed to influence the course and development of government statistics-"If American business has been able to get along for 150 years without statistics, why does it need them now?" [8, p. 11. It is of crucial importance, not only to statisticians as a professional group, but to all other segments of contemporary society to face and to attempt to answer this question. It is even more important to attempt to answer the broader question: Why does society now need a vast array of statistical activities when in prior centuries it was able to get along with little or virtually none? Tonight I shall take advantage of the opportunity afforded me to attempt to answer these questions before this captive audience-brought together by a common interest in statistics-an audience with additional primary or secondary interests whether they be in sociology, as mine are; or in economics, or in business, or in natural science, or in mathematics, or in teaching, or in some other professional field. Permit me to begin with an elementary perspective. Man has inhabited this globe for a minimum of 200,000 years and, perhaps, as long as two million years or more. Recent finds by the British anthropologist Leakey [i1 ] indicate that close relatives of man wandered over the earth as long as 14 million years ago. Over almost all of this vast span of time there was no field of statistics and, perhaps happily, there were no statisticians. For most of the time that man has been on this earth he has been a nomad. Permanent human settlement was not possible until after the great advances of the Neolithic Revolution some 10,000 years ago. These included the domestication of plants and animals which made it unnecessary for man to chase his food supply-and to the elaboration of the crafts [15, pp. 51-67]. Moreover in addition to these and other technological developments, man, over the years, achieved cultural, intellectual, and moral advances which were also preconditions for permanent human settlement-manifest in various forms of social organization and social control.
HRTEM Characterization of Interface Between Iso-Structural Thin Solid Film and Substrate

Alpha-Fe₂O₃ and c-CeO₂ thin films have been epitaxially grown on alpha-Al₂O₃ and yttria- stabilized c-ZrO₂ substrates, respectively, by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE). The interface structural features between the films and the substrates were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). For the two systems studied, the interfaces are similarly characterized by coherent regions that are separated by misfit dislocations periodically distributed along the interface. These results will be presented along with the results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these interfaces.
Undocumented Immigrants And Kidney Transplant: Costs And Controversy

A nephrologist’s patient is ideally suited for kidney transplant—except that he is an undocumented immigrant.
Topology of Phospholamban when Bound to Ca2±ATPase by Solid-State NMR

Calcium cycling in muscle cells drives the relaxation and contraction of both skeletal and heart tissue. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase is central in the relaxation of the heart, accounting for ∼70% of calcium sequestration. Phospholamban (PLN) is a small integral membrane protein regulator of Ca2+-ATPase. Its inhibition of the enzyme is shown in calcium dependence ATPase activity curves, resulting in decreased ATPase affinity for Ca2+. While there have been several successful attempts to gain structural knowledge of the complex between PLN and Ca2+-ATPase, no high-resolution structure exists.One important feature that differentiates membrane proteins from soluble ones is topology. This is the specific entanglement between the membrane protein and the lipid bilayer. Probing this specific orientation of the protein has been best achieved using oriented solid-state NMR experiments such as PISEMA, SAMPI4, and HIMSELF. These experiments correlate an anisotropic 15N (or 13C) chemical shift with a 1H-15N (or 1H-13C) dipolar coupling, allowing for the resolution of backbone restraints with respect to the lipid bilayer normal.To investigate whether topology plays a role in this membrane protein complex, we reconstituted PLN (15N labeled) in the presence and absence of Ca2+-ATPase (purified from rabbit skeletal muscle) into oriented lipid bilayers. Our results show unambiguously and with high reproducibility that PLN's topology is substantially altered upon binding the ATPase. Specifically, we see that the membrane embedded helix (residues 23-52) changes its tilt angle with respect to the bilayer normal from ∼23° in the absence of the enzyme to ∼40° in its presence. This substantial change in topology might be a necessary attribute of regulation by PLN and potentially a central difference between an active and inactive PLN bound state to Ca2+-ATPase.
High-dose naloxone infusions in normals. Dose-dependent behavioral, hormonal, and physiological responses.

• Hypotheses of involvement of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) in the regulation of human behavior suggest that functional blockade of the EOS should have behavioral consequences. Clinical administration of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone hydrochloride, however, has had little or inconsistent behavioral effects in normals. This may be attributable to the use of doses insufficient to yield a complete EOS blockade. To assess this explanation, normals were administered increasing doses of naloxone hydrochloride (0.3 to 4 mg/kg) in a single-blind design. Significant dose-dependent behavioral, hormonal, and physiological effects were found. With increasing doses of naloxone, volunteers demonstrated increasingly dysphoric affects, a deterioration of performance on memory testing, increasing systolic BP and respiratory rate, and increasing plasma cortisol and growth hormone levels. These results are consistent with the expected effects of increasing EOS blockade, and thus suggest that lower doses of naloxone used in previous clinical studies may not have been sufficient to produce a complete EOS blockade. Specifically, they suggest involvement of the EOS in the tonic regulation of normal human mood, memory, BP, respirations, and plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels. ( Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:613-619)
Characterization of the arginine repressor from Salmonella typhimurium and its interactions with the carAB operator.

Primer extension experiments showed that the argR gene, encoding the arginine repressor in Salmonella typhimurium, is transcribed from a single promoter that is negatively regulated by arginine. A repressor overproducing strain was constructed and the repressor was purified to homogeneity. Gel filtration, sedimentation and cross-linking studies established that the native repressor is a hexamer of identical 17,000 Mr subunits. Gel retardation experiments indicate that the apparent dissociation constant for repressor/carAB operator is 6 x 10(-12) M. These experiments showed that arginine is essential for binding of the repressor to the DNA and that pyrimidine nucleotides have no significant effect on this binding. These results indicate that the effect of pyrimidines on expression of the arginine sensitive "downstream" carAB promoter is not directly mediated by the arginine repressor. These experiments also suggest that a single hexamer binds to the carAB operator, which carries two previously defined "ARG box" sequences that characterize operators for arg genes. Gel retardation experiments with DNA fragments carrying the individual ARG boxes showed that both boxes are required for effective binding of the hexameric repressor to the operator, indicating that the ARG boxes comprise a single binding site for the repressor. Analysis of the potential secondary structure of the arginine repressor does not reveal any of the recognizable structural motifs common to a number of DNA-binding proteins. A combination of DNase I, premethylation interference, depurination and hydroxyl radical footprinting techniques were employed to characterize the interactions of the repressor with the carAB operator, with the results suggesting that the repressor predominantly interacts with A.T residues in this region. Comparative DNA sequence analysis of the known arginine operators of enteric bacteria further indicates that the specificity of interaction may be based more on the precise distance between two defined A.T-rich regions rather than on the specific nucleotide sequence.
Alternate putrescine metabolites: Quantitative analysis of Δ′-pyrroline oxidation to 2-pyrrolidone in tissue homogenates by high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract A sensitive analytical procedure for following the oxidation of δ′-pyrroline to 2-pyrrolidone in tissue homogenates is deseribed. Homogenates are extracted with chloroform/acetonitrile and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and 2-pyrrolidone is quantitated by monitoring the column effluent at 200 nm. The lower limit of 2-pyrrolidone that can be accurately (±5%) quantitated is approximately 100 pmol. Phenazine methosulfate significantly enhances the rate of 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis from Δ′-pyrroline. Phenazine methosulfate and reduced glutathione are required to obtain proportionality between 2-pyrrolidone formation and incubation time. Formation of 2-pyrrolidone as a function of protein concentration is linear and 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis as a function of Δ′-pyrroline concentration is characterized by hyperbolic kinetics. Based on analysis of enzyme activity in different tissue, liver appears to play the dominant role in 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis. The metabolic step from Δ′-pyrroline to 2-pyrrolidone was localized in the cellular cytosol. These results demonstrate that the oxidation of Δ′-pyrroline to 2-pyrrolidone is enzyme mediated and provide a useful method for further characterization of this metabolic step.
Adsorption and reaction of HCOOH on doped Cu(110): coadsorption with cesium, oxygen, and Csa + Oa

Abstract The adsorption and reaction of formic acid on a clean Cu(110) surface and Cu(110) surfaces covered with oxygen, cesium, and oxygen + cesium have been studied with thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Formic acid adsorbs molecularly on clean Cu(110) at 110 K, but largely decomposes on the surface to yield adsorbed formate (HCOOa) and Ha, at T ⩽ 270 K (possibly as low as 200 K). The Ha desorbs as H2 at ~ 300 K. The HCOOa decomposes to yield H2 and CO2 at 475 K. Preadsorbed oxygen abstracts the acid hydrogen of HCOOH more efficiently than clean Cu, so formate production increases. At high θo, evidence is seen for formate disproportionation (2HCOOa→ HCOOH + CO2), probably via OHa. Adsorbed cesium also increases formate production. At low coverages, cesium accelerates HCOOa decomposition. Above 1 2 monolayer, a new formate decomposition peak at 530 K is attributed to a new, more stable formate which is directly bonded to Cs. At high θCs, surface carbonate (Cs · CO3,a) is formed from the decomposition products of HCOOa. This carbonate decomposes at ~ 650 K. When oxygen and cesium are coadsorbed, their effects on HCOOHa and HCOOa are largely a sum of their separate effects, although Cs-stabilized surface hydroxyl species are also produced with the combination.
Origin of chaos in the Prometheus-Pandora system

We demonstrate that the chaotic orbits of Prometheus and Pandora are due to interactions associated with the 121:118 mean motion resonance. Differential precession splits this resonance into a quartet of components equally spaced in frequency. Libration widths of the individual components exceed the splitting resulting in resonance overlap which causes the chaos. A single degree of freedom model captures the essential features of the chaotic dynamics. Mean motions of Prometheus and Pandora wander chaotically in zones of width 1.8 deg yr^−1 and 3.1 deg yr^−1, respectively.
The career indecision of managers and professionals: Development of a scale and test of a model

Abstract The present study examined the career indecision of 397 managers and professionals in a large banking establishment. A measure of career indecision was developed, and a preliminary model of employee career indecision was tested. A factor analysis revealed seven potential sources of career indecision. Three antecedent variables (employee work/life experience, trait anxiety, and career management assistance) had direct and indirect effects on career indecision status. Potential outcomes of career indecision and its sources include negative work attitudes, high levels of life stress, and intentions to engage in future career exploration.
Optical Pulse Compression Using Polarizing Techniques

For many years the behavior of collections of optical elements which have the ability to transform the polarization state of light has been studied. These systems not only have been treated as a fundamental problem in optics but have been applied to the development of narrow band filters especially for use in astronomy. Recently it has been shown that collections of such elements can be utilized to transform the temporal shape of short pulses of light. Not only is it possible to transform short pulses into longer distributions but under certain special conditions it is possible to compress pulses temporally. In this paper I will review these achievements beginning with the work of R. Clark Jones and show how an extension of his calculus can be used to formulate optical systems that can be utilized to compress certain optical pulses.
Ambiguities in the Up-Quark Mass

It has long been known that no physical singularity is encountered as up-quark mass is adjusted from small positive to negative values as long as all other quarks remain massive. This is tied to an additive ambiguity in the definition of the quark mass. This calls into question the acceptability of attempts to solve the strong CP problem via a vanishing mass for the lightest quark.
Evidence that neuropeptide Y and dopamine in the perifornical hypothalamus interact antagonistically in the control of food intake

Mapping studies have revealed that the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) is a primary locus for both the feeding-stimulatory effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the anorectic effect of catecholamines (CAs), suggesting that NPY and CAs may interact antagonistically there. To investigate this, the CA-releasing agent amphetamine (AMPH) was injected through indwelling guide cannulas into the PFH of satiated adult male rats 5 min prior to injection of NPY (78 pmol/0.3 microliters) and food intake was measured 1, 2, and 4 h later. Amphetamine (50-200 nmol) dose-dependently reduced NPY feeding, usually eliminating it at the higher doses. The receptors mediating this effect were investigated by sequential injection of various CA antagonists, AMPH, and NPY into the PFH. Neither the alpha- nor beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists phentolamine (100 nmol) or propranolol (200 nmol) significantly affected AMPH suppression of NPY feeding. In contrast, the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (5 nmol) abolished AMPH suppression of NPY feeding, suggesting that dopamine (DA) mediates the AMPH effect. To examine this, epinephrine (EPI, 50-200 nmol) and DA (25-200 nmol) were tested for suppression of NPY-induced feeding. While EPI had no significant effect, DA at the maximally effective dose (50 nmol) reduced the NPY feeding response by 36% or more. These findings provide convergent evidence for antagonistic interactions between endogenous DA and NPY in the control of eating behavior.
Influence of Technologic Advances on Outcomes in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy

Purpose In 2004, our institution began using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) simulation and then intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) (4DCT/IMRT) instead of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for the standard treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This retrospective study compares disease outcomes and toxicity in patients treated with concomitant chemotherapy and either 4DCT/IMRT or 3DCRT. Methods and Materials A total of 496 NSCLC patients have been treated at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1999 and 2006 with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Among these, 318 were treated with CT/3DCRT and 91 with 4DCT/IMRT. Both groups received a median dose of 63 Gy. Disease end points were locoregional progression (LRP), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). Disease covariates were gross tumor volume (GTV), nodal status, and histology. The toxicity end point was Grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis; toxicity covariates were GTV, smoking status, and dosimetric factors. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Mean follow-up times in the 4DCT/IMRT and CT/3DCRT groups were 1.3 (range, 0.1–3.2) and 2.1 (range, 0.1–7.9) years, respectively. The hazard ratios for 4DCT/IMRT were Conclusions Treatment with 4DCT/IMRT was at least as good as that with 3DCRT in terms of the rates of freedom from LRP and DM. There was a significant reduction in toxicity and a significant improvement in OS.
Effects of the pSC101 partition (par) locus on in vivo DNA supercoiling near the plasmid replication origin

Previous work has shown that deletion of the partition (par) locus of plasmid pSC101 results in decreased overall superhelical density of plasmid DNA and concommitant inability of the plasmid to be stably inherited in populations of dividing cells. We report here that the biological effects of par correlate specifically with its ability to generate supercoils in vivo near the origin of pSC101 DNA replication. Using OsO4 reactivity of nucleotides adjoining 20 bp (G-C) tracts introduced into pSC101 DNA to measure local DNA supercoiling, we found that the wild type par locus generates supercoiling near the plasmid's replication origin adequate to convert a (G-C) tract in the region to Z form DNA. A 4 bp deletion that decreases par function, but produces no change in the overall superhelicity of pSC101 DNA as determined by chloroquine/agarose gel analysis, nevertheless reduced (G-C) tract supercoiling sufficiently to eliminate OsO4 reactivity. Mutation of the bacterial topA gene, which results in stabilized inheritance of par-deleted plasmids, restored supercoiling of (G-C) tracts in these plasmids and increased OsO4 reactivity in par+ replicons. Removal of par to a site more distant from the origin decreased supercoiling in a (G-C) tract adjacent to the origin and diminished par function. Collectively, these findings indicate that par activity is dependent on its ability to produce supercoiling at the replication origin rather than on the overall superhelical density of the plasmid DNA.
Love in the counter-transference: The uses of the therapist's excitement

SUMMARY The psychoanalytic tradition has always had difficulty with the question of the therapist's sexual feelings toward the patient. This paper traces that difficulty: from Freud's original struggle to replace moralism with a psychoanalytic mode of understanding, to the more recent literature on countertransference which still seems particularly averse to the possibility of the therapist's sexual experience. By way of a discussion of a psychoanalytic psychotherapy, I argue for the sometimes central therapeutic role of the therapist's experiencing, and then containing, excitement.
Play as improvisation: The benefits of music for developmentally delayed young children's social play

The application of music to support delayed children's attempts to improvise social play with their nondelayed peers is examined in terms of the problems young children encounter when attempting to discover, enact, and elaborate a play theme. Improvised Musical Play [IMP], a novel teaching application of music to integrate delayed and nondelayed young children, is shown to create a communicational context in which play ideas can be discovered and shared. An IMP episode, presented in anecdotal form, illustrates how music enables delayed children to first master and then elaborate a play format.
The Meaning and Interpretations of the Japanese Aspect Marker -te-i-

The Japanese marker -te-i- can have progressive, resultative, and existential perfect readings and has often been regarded as ambiguous. This paper shows that there is no clear evidence that -te-i- is ambiguous. It proposes a monosemous analysis of-te-i- that unifies its multiple readings and shows how progressives and perfects can form a natural semantic class. Within the context of a Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp and Reyle 1993, de Swart 1998), I propose that -te-i- consists of an imperfective operator -te- and a stativizer -i-. The imperfective operator -te- takes an eventuality as its argument and outputs a (non-necessarily proper) subpart of the eventuality, which precedes a reference time interval. Secondly, a stativizer -i- maps the subpart of the eventuality, i.e. -te-'s output, onto a state which overlaps with reference time and whose category is semantically underspecified and is determined via pragmatic inferences. The vague output of the imperfective operator, i.e. whether it is a proper subpart or nonproper subpart of an eventuality, leads to the contrast between progressive readings and perfect readings of-te-i-.
Drug abuse as a problem of impaired control: current approaches and findings.

The author presents a selective and integrative overview of current research examining acute effects of abused drugs on aspects of behavioral control in humans. The review discusses the concept of behavioral control and reviews research models that examine inhibitory influences as a central mechanism of control. Evidence for drug-induced impairment of inhibitory mechanisms is reviewed from current neuroanatomical, neuropharmacological, and behavioral perspectives. Model-based laboratory assessments of behavioral control are described in terms of their application to behavioral pharmacology and evidence for alcohol and psychostimulant effects on basic inhibitory mechanisms is reviewed. Drug effects on inhibitory mechanisms are also discussed in terms of their relevance to higher-order cognitive and behavioral functions, and in relation to impulsive behaviors, such as drug abuse. The review concludes by identifying important drug-related phenomenon (e.g., drug tolerance, cue reactivity) that might also be studied in behavioral control frameworks in future research.
Truncal blocks in children

Truncal nerve blockade in children has been increasing in popularity for intra- and postoperative pain relief. Moreover, the use of ultrasound guidance for these blocks has greatly improved success rates. This article discusses the classic and ultrasound guided approaches for the commonly performed truncal blocks in children.
Tourist Memory Distortion

Tourists' memories of prior vacation experiences are an important source of information as they, their family, and their friends make future travel plans. However, those memories may be distorted by other types of information to which the tourists are exposed after they visit, such as advertising and other tourists' memory stories. In the present article, we utilize the false memory paradigm from cognitive psychology to assess whether external information sources can distort how tourists remember their own past. We end with a discussion of the implications of our results for tourism research and propose some future areas for investigation.
Nucleon-nucleon partial-wave analysis to 1100 MeV.

Comprehensive analyses of nucleon-nucleon elastic-scattering data below 1100 MeV laboratory kinetic energy are presented. The data base from which an energy-dependent solution and 22 single-energy solutions are obtained consists of 7223 pp and 5474 np data. A resonancelike structure is found to occur in the $^{1}\mathrm{D}_{2}$, $^{3}\mathrm{F}_{3}$, $^{3}\mathrm{P}_{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and $^{3}\mathrm{F}_{4}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ partial waves; this behavior is associated with poles in the complex energy plane. The pole positions and residues are obtained by analytic continuation of the ``production'' piece of the T matrix obtained in the energy-dependent solution. The new phases differ somewhat from previously published VPI solutions, especially in I=0 waves above 500 MeV, where np data are very sparse. The partial waves are, however, based upon a significantly larger data base and reflect correspondingly smaller errors. The full data base and solution files can be obtained through a computer scattering analysis interactive dial-in (SAID) system at VPI, which also exists at many institutions around the world and which can be transferred to any site with a suitable computer system. The SAID system can be used to modify solutions, plan experiments, and obtain any of the multitude of predictions which derive from partial-wave analyses of the world data base.
Anation of pentacyanoaquocobaltate(III) by selenium(IV) oxide

Abstract The reaction of Co(CN)5OH22− with Se(IV) oxide in aqueous solution has been studied between pH 2 and 12 at 25°C and μ = 1.00 M (NaClO4). The reaction was found to be pseudo-first order in Co(CN)5OH2−2 with k obs = (47.0±1.5) [HSeO 3 − ] {1 + (2.45 ± 0.17)10 6 [H + ]} sec −1 . The rate law was interpreted to mean tha [HSeO3−] was the reacting species and the proton dependence arose from the acid-base properties of an intermediate. The unusually large rate constant for anation was attributed to electrophilic attack of HSeO3− on the aquo oxygen of the Co(CN)5OH2−2.
High-Performance Free-Space Laser Communications and Future Trends

Photon-efficient free-space laser communication systems offer the potential for flexible, costeffective, high-speed connectivity suitable for ultra-long-haul intersatellite and interplanetary links. Transmitter and receiver design options and performance limitations for these links will be presented.
Broadcast and Cable News Network Differences in the Way Reporters Used Women and Minority Group Sources to Cover the 2004 Presidential Race

Our content analysis of 2,075 campaign stories aired by 3 broadcast and 3 cable networks during the 2004 presidential campaign revealed that female and non-White reporters at broadcast networks were generally more aggressive in their source use when compared to their male and White colleagues, using a greater number of sources and in most cases also allotting the sources more time. Female and non-White reporters at cable networks also tended, although less consistently and to a lesser extent, to use and give more time to female and non-White sources.
Entropic efficiency of energy systems

Thermodynamic foundations of the thermal entropy production are rested on the concept of lost heat, (Q/T)6T. The thermomechanical entropy production is shown to be in terms of the lost heat and the lost work as = 1 Q where the second term in brackets denotes the lost (dissipated) work into heat. The dimensionless number 1-I s describing the local entropy production s" in a quenched flame is related to l'I~ ~ (Pe°) -e where 1-1~ = s"~2/k, E = otis ° a characteristic length, k thermal conductivity, ct thermal diffusivity, S o the adiabatic laminar flame speed at the unburned gas temperature, Pe°D = S°uD/C~ the flame Peclet number, D the quench distance. The tangency condition dPe°/OOb = 0, where 0 b = Tb/T~b , T b and T~b denoting respectively the burned gas (nonadiabatic) and adiabatic flame temperatures, is related to an extremum in entropy production. The distribution of entropy production between the flame and burner is shown in terms of the burned gas temperature and the distance from burner. A fundamental relation between the Nusselt number describing heat transfer in any (laminar, transition, turbulent) forced or buoyancy driven flow and the entropy production is shown to be
Neonatal hypoglycemia in term, nondiabetic pregnancies

Objective To define the incidence of hypoglycemia and identify risk factors in neonates from term, singleton, nondiabetic pregnancies. Study Design We conducted a matched case-control study of term, singleton infants weighing more than 2500 g in nondiabetic pregnancies. Cases with hypoglycemia (glucose International Classification of Diseases , ninth revision, codes. Two controls per case were matched on race, maternal age, and birthweight. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Results There were 116 cases and 232 controls studied. The incidence density of neonatal hypoglycemia was 24.7 per 1000 infant-days at risk. Hypoglycemia was less commonly associated with later gestational age (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.85 per week of gestation). Maternal fever during labor was more common with hypoglycemia (OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.39-11.79). Public insurance was more than twice as common with hypoglycemia compared with those privately insured (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.17-4.58). Conclusion Neonatal hypoglycemia was associated with earlier gestational age, intrapartum fever, and public insurance.
Comparisons of system architectures for microwave-photonics transmissions at 60 GHz

We report here on different system architectures for a wireless link operating in the 60 GHz range, which has a high potential for use in short range and highly secure high data rate applications. The millimetre wave around 60 GHz is generated by photonic heterodyning or microwave-photonics using radio-over-fibre concept of transmission. Low error transmission using two techniques at data rates up to 4.2 Gb/s is experimentally demonstrated.
Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction using 2 tibial and 2 femoral tunnels

Summary:Over the last decade, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been continuously improved. Although the current outcomes of the single-bundle ACL reconstruction are good, there remains significant room for improvement. A high percentage of patients do not return to their previous
A phenomenological theory of interface shear stresses generated by hydrostatic pressure in martensitic materials

Abstract The application of hydrostatic pressure to martensitic materials generates a shear stress at the martensite-austenite interface due to the different elastic properties of the martensite and austenite phases. A closed-form solution for the maximum interface shear stress is developed for a single martensite plate in an infinite austenite matrix. The magnitude of this interface shear stress is a function of the applied hydrostatic pressure, the geometry of the martensite plate inclusion, and the elastic properties of the phases. Interface shear stresses are calculated and compared to hydrostatic pressure data from 0 to 2.3 kbar. It is found that the interface shear stress is of the correct order of magnitude, when combined with the pressure-volume-change term, to account for the large depression of the austenite start temperature with pressure (−30°C/kbar). The shear modulus and Poisson's ratio are reported for the temperature range of 22°–350°C for both the austenite and a 95 per cent martensite specimens.
The demonstration of a secretory material and cycle in the parenchymal cells of the mammalian pineal organ

THE function of the pineal organ in man and other mammals is still an enigma, although gradually accumulating evidence suggests a relation to antigonadotrophic activity [3]. The state of uncertainty regarding the functional significance of the pineal organ is at least partly due to the lack of evidence clearly demonstrating secretory activity within the pineal. Previously described pineal parenchymal cytoplasmic granulations and staining reactions are not clearly indicative of secretory activity and a cytological secretory cycle has not been successfully demonstrated [l]. A cytological technique for showing the specific activity of pineal parenchymal cells should aid greatly in analyses of the factors regulating the pineal and in the standardization of pineal preparations used in experimental therapy. It was discovered in the study reported herein that the parenchymal cells of rat (Sprague-Dawley strain) pineals fixed for 16-24 hours in 10 per cent formalin buffered to neutrality with monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate display an intensive and specific staining reaction with the chrome alum hematoxylin and phloxine technique of Gomori [2] for staining pancreatic islets. After fixation the pineals were washed in distilled water for 24 hours, dehydrated through ethanol solutions, cleared in benzene and embedded in paraffin. Sections seven microns in thickness were then stained according to Gomori’s technique [2]. It was found that initial fixation in Bouin’s fluid is unsatisfactory and that the step entailing refixation of the deparaffinized sections in Bouin’s fluid for 24 hours is necessary for successful results with the pineal. In order to differentiate the cytoplasmic material of the pineal chromophils from the other phloxinophilic structures such as the erythrocytes, the following procedure was added after the phloxine (National Aniline Div., dye content 83 per cent, C.I. No. 778, Certification No. NPh-14) staining, acidification and washing steps in the Gomori procedure: (1) stain for about 1 minute in a solution containing 2 g orange G (National Aniline Div., dye content 93 per cent, C.I. No. 27, Certification No. NO-14), 0.5 g aniline blue (National Anillhe Div., C.I. No. 707, Certification No. NK-8) and 1.0 g of phosphomolybdic acid per 100 cc. distilled water; (2) wash rapidly
Hispanics’ SAT Scores: The Influences of Level of Parental Education, Performance-Avoidance Goals, and Knowledge About Learning

This study uncovers which learning (epistemic belief of learning), socioeconomic background (level of parental education, family income) or social-personality factors (performance-avoidance goals, ...
Prenatal exposure to cocaine decreases adenylyl cyclase activity in embryonic mouse striatum.

Abstract Adenylyl cyclase activity was measured in the striatum of naive mice as a function of age and in mice exposed in utero to cocaine. In naive Swiss–Webster mice, basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity increased gradually from embryonic day 13 (E13) until 2–3 weeks of age when activity peaked before decreasing slightly to adult levels. The ability of the dopamine D1 receptor agonist, SKF 82958, to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity also increased in magnitude until P15. In a separate study, pregnant Swiss–Webster mice were injected twice daily with cocaine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) or an equal volume of saline from E10 to E17. Adenylyl cyclase activity was measured in the striatum of E18 embryos. Basal adenylyl cyclase activity was significantly reduced following prenatal exposure to cocaine. Likewise, the ability of forskolin or SKF 82958 to stimulate adenylyl cyclase was attenuated following cocaine exposure. ΔFosB was not induced, contrary to what is seen in adult mice. These results demonstrate a functional change in a critical signal transduction pathway following chronic in utero exposure to cocaine that might have profound effects of the development of the brain. Alterations in the cAMP system may underlie some of the deficits seen in humans exposed in utero to cocaine.
Atmospheric Effects On The Beam Propagation Of The Xm-23 Laser Rangefinder

Recently the Ballistic Research Laboratories conducted a study to determine the distribution of energy in the beam of the newly developed XM-23 Laser Rangefinder. These data were collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation program to determine the potential eye hazard to friendly troops employing the laser rangefinder in tactical situations. Measurements were made for each of three cavities used with this rangefinder and over four pathlengths between 200 and 1500 meters. Cross-section measurements of the beam were made by intersecting the beam with a specially constructed optical receiver having an input diameter of two feet. The two-dimensional spatial intensity distribution across this aperture was imaged to a film plane along with a calibrated step wedge. The measured film densities were converted through the characteristic curve to relative energies. Data from a one-dimensional scan of the beam were plotted and used to derive probability distribution curves showing the frequency of occurrence of the normalized energies. Standard deviations of the optical data were computed from the cumulative distribution curves of the energies. In addition to the optical data, direct measurements of the index structure constant, Cn, were made. This constant relates directly to the strength of the index fluctuations in the turbulent medium and hence to the optical variance. Both theoretical and experimental comparisons are made between the measured Cn's and the optical data.© (1967) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Insulin-like growth factors, insulin, and growth hormone signaling in breast cancer: implications for targeted therapy.

ABSTRACT Objective In recent decades, multiple therapeutics targeting the estrogen and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptors have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods This review discusses a number of growth factor pathways that have been implicated in resistance to both anti-estrogen and HER2-targeted therapies. The association between growth factors and breast cancer is well established. Over decades, numerous laboratories have studied the link between insulin-like growth factor (IGF), insulin, and growth hormone (GH) to the development and progression of breast cancer. Results Although preclinical data demonstrates that blockade of these receptors inhibits breast cancer growth, progression, and drug resistance, therapies targeting the IGF, insulin, and GH receptors (GHRs) have not been successful in producing significant increases in progression- free, disease-free, or overall survival for patients with breast cancer. The failure to demonstrate a benefit of growth factor blockade in clinical trials can be attributed to redundancy in IGF, insulin, and GHR signaling pathways. All 3 receptors are able to activate oncogenic phosphoinositide- 3 kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Conclusion Consequently, multitargeted blockade of growth factor receptors and their common downstream kinases will be necessary for the successful treatment of breast cancer. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:1214-1221)
ICU Management of Acute Liver Failure

Survival of patients presenting with acute liver failure (ALF) has improved because of earlier disease recognition, better understanding of pathophysiology of various insults leading to ALF, and advances in supportive measures including a team approach, better ICU care, and liver transplantation. This article focuses on patient management and evaluation that takes place in the ICU for patients who have acute liver injury. An organized team approach to decision making about critical care delivered during this period of time is important for achieving a good patient outcome.
Lest the Lowliest Be Forgotten: Locating the Impoverished in Early Medieval Ireland

In early medieval Ireland (ca. a.d. 400–850), every person's rank in society was codified in documents and visibly apparent by their material possessions. Early Irish literature is overwhelmingly concerned with the negotiation of status, but it is focused primarily on the rights and responsibilities of the nobility and wealthy farmers. Those of lower status are often ignored, and it has been difficult as archaeologists to agree on what constitutes a lower class site or artifactual assemblage. This paper addresses these arguments and challenges the belief that the lowest members of medieval Irish society are invisible to archaeology due to their impoverished existence.
Preparative plasma protein fractionation by isotachophoresis in Sephadex columns.

Abstract The use of Sephadex G-200 as a stabilizing medium for preparative isotachophoresis (ITP) has been investigated and the resolution was compared to that previously obtained in the customarily used polyacrylamide gels. Human plasma proteins were fractionated in an LKB Uniphor column, using a variety of amino acids and peptides as discrete spacers, which separate the sample into clearly defined protein zones. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of ten specific plasma components has shown that the majority of proteins were sharply resolved, but there was some trailing or overlap for other proteins. The spacing characteristics of amino acids and peptides were found to be dependent on the pH of the leading electrolyte, thus adding to the flexibility of preparative ITP for the isolation of protein subgroups with a desired mobility range. The resolution on Sephadex was comparable to that on polyacrylamide, though the mobility of spacers was different, as was to be expected. Sephadex columns are, however, easier to prepare, more reproducible, and do not exhibit any of the boundary anomalies frequently present in ITP on polyacrylamide. Analytical ITP in free solution in the LKB Tachophor proved to be of value for the identification and quantitation of the amino acid spacers in the preparative fractions. It also permitted the determination of the relative mobilities of the separated proteins. On the basis of the immunoelectrophoretic data, it was possible to assign specific proteins to some of the bands visible in the complex Tachophor recordings.
Guillain-Barré syndrome: historical aspects.

Historical aspects of the Guillain-Barre syndrome are traced from its first clear description in 1916. Emphasis is placed on the swine flu incident of 1976 and 1977. Although Guillain-Barre syndrome is a descriptive clinical entity with relatively widely accepted diagnostic criteria, it lacks nosological delimitation. The topography, pathological features, pathophysiology, and prognostic features are well understood, but the immunopathogenesis of the disease remains uncertain.
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in Ehrlich tumor cells by periodate-oxidized adenosine and adenylic acid.

Abstract Periodate-oxidized adenosine and AMP were inhibitory to both RNA and DNA synthesis in Ehrlich tumor cells in culture. With periodate-oxidized adenosine, the inhibition of RNA synthesis paralleled the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Periodate-oxidized AMP, however, was more inhibitory to DNA synthesis than to RNA synthesis. With both compounds, there was a decrease in the conversion of [14C]cytidine nucleotides to [14C]deoxycytidine nucleotides in the acid-soluble pool. The borohy-dride-reduced trialcohol derivative of the periodate-oxidized adenosine compound was not inhibitory to DNA or RNA synthesis in the tumor cells. The incorporation of [3H]uridine into 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA was inhibited by both periodate-oxidized adenosine and AMP, but the incorporation of [3H]uridine in 45S, 5S, and 4S RNA was essentially unaffected by these compounds. Periodate-oxidized adenosine inhibited Ehrlich tumor cell growth in vivo.
Integrating info‐gap decision theory with robust population management: a case study using the Mountain Plover

Wildlife managers often make decisions under considerable uncertainty. In the most extreme case, a complete lack of data leads to uncertainty that is unquantifiable. Information-gap decision theory deals with assessing management decisions under extreme uncertainty, but it is not widely used in wildlife management. So too, robust population management methods were developed to deal with uncertainties in multiple-model parameters. However, the two methods have not, as yet, been used in tandem to assess population management decisions. We provide a novel combination of the robust population management approach for matrix models with the information-gap decision theory framework for making conservation decisions under extreme uncertainty. We applied our model to the problem of nest survival management in an endangered bird species, the Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus). Our results showed that matrix sensitivities suggest that nest management is unlikely to have a strong effect on population growth rate, confirming previous analyses. However, given the amount of uncertainty about adult and juvenile survival, our analysis suggested that maximizing nest marking effort was a more robust decision to maintain a stable population. Focusing on the twin concepts of opportunity and robustness in an information-gap model provides a useful method of assessing conservation decisions under extreme uncertainty.
Knowledge Transfer from Universities to Business: Returns for all Stakeholders?

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Initial evaluation of continuous fiber reinforced NiAl composites

NiAl is being evaluated as a potential matrix material as part of an overall program to develop and understand high-temperature structural composites. Currently, continuous fiber composites have been fabricated by the powder cloth technique incorporating either W(218) or single crystal Al2O3 fibers as reinforcements in both binary NiAl and a solute strengthened NiAl(.05 at. pct Zr) matrix. Initial evaluation of these composite systems have included: fiber push-out testing to measure matrix/fiber bond strengths, bend testing to determine strength as a function of temperature and composite structure, and thermal cycling to establish the effect of matrix and fiber properties on composite life. The effect of matrix/fiber bond strength and matrix strength on several composite properties will be discussed.