cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel ultrasound-guided mouse model of sudden cardiac arrest

Abstract Aim Mouse models of sudden cardiac arrest are limited by challenges with surgical technique and reliable venous access. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop a simplified method in the mouse that uses ultrasound-guided injection of potassium chloride directly into the heart. Methods Potassium chloride was delivered directly into the left ventricular cavity under ultrasound guidance in intubated mice, resulting in immediate asystole. Mice were resuscitated with injection of epinephrine and manual chest compressions and evaluated for survival, body temperature, cardiac function, kidney damage, and diffuse tissue injury. Results The direct injection sudden cardiac arrest model causes rapid asystole with high surgical survival rates and low surgical duration. Sudden cardiac arrest mice with 8-min of asystole have significant cardiac dysfunction at 24 hours and high lethality within the first seven days, where after cardiac function begins to improve. Sudden cardiac arrest mice have secondary organ damage, including significant kidney injury, but no clear evidence of neurologic dysfunction. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided direct injection of potassium chloride allows for rapid and reliable cardiac arrest in the mouse that mirrors human pathology. This technique lowers the barriers to entry for adoption of the mouse model of sudden cardiac arrest, which will improve investigators’ ability to study the mechanisms underlying post-arrest changes.
What it Means When Your Work is Admired by Others: Observations of Employees of Professional Sport Organizations

Utilizing social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) as a guiding framework, this study investigated the way in which the evaluative dimension of group identification can ultimately affect employees’ perceptions of work and their performance at work. From a matched sample of 103 employees and their managers working for professional sport clubs in the United States, we developed and tested a model that explains how elements of prestige and evaluative group identification (pride) ultimately lead to increased job performance. Our model explained 77% of the variance in job performance and 42% of the variance in job satisfaction. We offer several practical implications and future research ideas for extensions of this work.
Towards the use of the readily available tests from the release pipeline as performance tests: are we there yet?

Performance is one of the important aspects of software quality. Performance issues exist widely in software systems, and the process of fixing the performance issues is an essential step in the release cycle of software systems. Although performance testing is widely adopted in practice, it is still expensive and time-consuming. In particular, the performance testing is usually conducted after the system is built in a dedicated testing environment. The challenges of performance testing make it difficult to fit into the common DevOps process in software development. On the other hand, there exist a large number of tests readily available, that are executed regularly within the release pipeline during software development. In this paper, we perform an exploratory study to determine whether such readily available tests are capable of serving as performance tests. In particular, we would like to see whether the performance of these tests can demonstrate performance improvements obtained from fixing real-life performance issues. We collect 127 performance issues from Hadoop and Cassandra, and evaluate the performance of the readily available tests from the commits before and after the performance issue fixes. We find that most of the improvements from the fixes to performance issues can be demonstrated using the readily available tests in the release pipeline. However, only a very small portion of the tests can be used for demonstrating the improvements. By manually examining the tests, we identify eight reasons that a test cannot demonstrate performance improvements even though it covers the changed source code of the issue fix. Finally, we build random forest classifiers determining the important metrics influencing the readily available tests (not) being able to demonstrate performance improvements from issue fixes. We find that the test code itself and the source code covered by the test are important factors, while the factors related to the code changes in the performance issues fixes have a low importance. Practitioners may focus on designing and improving the tests, instead of fine-tuning tests for different performance issues fixes. Our findings can be used as a guideline for practitioners to reduce the amount of effort spent on leveraging and designing tests that run in the release pipeline for performance assurance activities.
Occupancy and status of the strawberry darter in the Strawberry River drainage of Arkansas, USA

The Strawberry Darter Etheostoma fragi is endemic to the Strawberry River drainage in northcentral Arkansas, where its distribution and status have not been assessed since the mid-1990s. A status survey was conducted during the summers of 2015 and 2016. Sixty-four sites were sampled (32 each summer) within the Strawberry River drainage. Sites were surveyed 4 times each using a kick-seine. A total of 236 E. fragi were observed during the study. E. fragi were observed at 24 of 64 sites, including 15 tributary and 9 main stem sites. Strawberry Darters were observed at sites with a median (range) dissolved oxygen of 9.2 (5.7–11.9) mg/L, median stream flow of 0.2 (0.1–0.7) m/s, median pH of 8.1 (6.7–9.4), median water temperature of 22.0 (13.9–29.3) °C, and median depth of 0.2 (0.1–0.7) m. Presence/absence data were analyzed with occupancy modeling, which estimates informed occupancy rate (hereafter, occupancy) and probability of detection. The drainage-wide occupancy (± SE) was 0.41 ± 0.06 and the probability of detection was 0.56 ± 0.06. A reach covariate model fit our data the best (209.81 AICc). This model estimated an occupancy of 0.54 ± 0.09 and a probability of detection of 0.64 ± 0.06 in the upper reach, an occupancy of 0.20 ± 0.11 and a probability of detection of 0.51 ± 0.17 in the middle reach, and an occupancy of 0.39 ± 0.31 and a probability of detection of 0.19 ± 0.16 in the lower reach The drainage-wide occupancy was lower (0.32 difference) than an occupancy based on historical data (0.73 ± 0.11). These results suggest a decline in the status of E. fragi and justify conservation measures to preserve this species.
Evaluation of race as a predictor of fear of falling in Black older adults

Objective: Determine whether race predicts fear of falling (FOF) in older adults with a history of previous fall(s) while controlling for mobility performance, activity of daily living (ADL) indepe...
Definitions and the Zeroth Law

Much like other scientific disciplines, thermodynamics also has its own vocabulary. For instance, while dealing with objects composed of very large numbers of particles, one might use terms like thermodynamic system; adiabatically isolating, and adiabatically enclosing, walls; adiabatic and nonadiabatic enclosures; conducting and/or diathermal walls; isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, quasistatic, reversible, and irreversible processes; state functions and state variables; thermodynamic equilibrium and, of course, temperature in its various representations.
Research, Practice, and Advocacy in the Movement to End Gender and Sexual Minority Violence: No Room for Complacency

As the preceding chapters detail, violence against LGBTQ+ individuals is a serious and critical issue that must be addressed at all levels—individual, community, and policy. The pervasive marginalization and victimization of LGBTQ+ people span nations, cultures, race, ages, genders, gender identities, sexual orientations, and a myriad of other communities and demographic variables. It is a deep and far-reaching issue with complex cultural, religious, medical, and social and historical roots, and yet its consequences are often profoundly personal, harmful, and even deadly. This final chapter details several considerations in the theory, study, and practice of understanding, treating, and ultimately ending violence against LGBTQ+ people as well as some strategies for continuing to advance this difficult but critical mission.
Open and Unashamed in an Era of Consumer Protection: Unconscionable Hospital Billing Practices and the Chargemaster Racket

This article examines strategic legal efforts made by uninsured plaintiffs attempting to hold hospitals accountable for excessively high health care costs. Although recent legislation has made chargemaster rates more transparent, more consumer protection action is needed. Openly sharing exorbitant rates defeats racketeering charges and fraud claims, but is unlikely to impact the actual cost of care. Patients should not be expected to negotiate major medical bills as if they are making a regular consumer purchase. The article identifies recent state and federal case law permitting unconscionability claims to proceed against hospitals and health systems, and the need to protect patients by applying a fiduciary duty in the context of medical billing.
Reactant adsorption in differential pulse polarography

Abstract Digital simulation techniques are applied to the diagnosis of the ways in which the peak currents and wave shapes of differential pulse polarograms are affected by the adsorption of reactants or products. The changes in the polarograms introduced by the items mentioned in the title are examined and their magnitudes calculated and compared with experimental polarograms. Some implications of the results in analytical applications of differential pulse polarography are described.
The double-edged sword of a moral state of mind.

History is replete with atrocities that were justifi ed by invoking the highest principles and that were perpetrated upon victims who were equally convinced of their own moral principles. In the name of justice, of the common welfare, of universal ethics, and of God, millions of people have been killed and whole cultures destroyed. In recent history, concepts of universal rights, equality, freedom, and social equity have been used to justify every variety of murder including genocide. (Mischel & Mischel, 1976 , p. 107)
Volume effect of localized injection in functional MRI and electrophysiology

Purpose The local injection of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists to modulate recorded neurons in awake animals has long been an important and widely used technique in neuroscience. Combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and simultaneous electrophysiology, local injection enables the study of specific brain regions under precise modulations of their neuronal activity. However, localized injections are often accompanied by mechanical displacement of the tissue, known as volume effect (VE), which can induce changes in electrophysiological recordings as well as artifacts that are particular to fMRI studies. Methods We characterize the changes produced by VE in an agarose phantom as well as during stimulus-evoked and resting-state fMRI and simultaneously acquired electrophysiology in awake rabbits. Results Our results demonstrate that localized injection can produce significant intensity changes in fMRI data, even while effects on electrophysiological recordings are minimized. These changes are localized to the vicinity of the injection needle and diminish over time due to diffusion of the injected volume. Conclusion Sufficient time should be allowed for drug diffusion to ensure stable results, particularly for resting-state fMRI experiments. Magn Reson Med 72:1170–1175, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controller design via adaptive critic and model reference methods

Dynamic programming (DP) is a principled way to design optimal controllers for certain classes of nonlinear systems; unfortunately, DP is computationally very expensive. The reinforcement learning methods known as adaptive critics (AC) provide computationally feasible means for performing approximate dynamic programming (ADP). The term 'adaptive' in AC refers to the critic improved estimations of the value function used by DP. To apply DP, the user must craft a Utility function that embodies all the problem-specific design specifications/criteria. Model reference adaptive control methods have been successfully used in the control community to effect on-line redesign of a controller in response to variations in plant parameters, with the idea that the resulting closed loop system dynamics will mimic those of a reference model. The work (1) uses a reference model in ADP as the key information input to the Utility function, and (2) uses ADP off-line to design the desired controller Future work will extend this to on-line application. This method is demonstrated for a hypersonic shaped airplane called LoFLYTE/spl reg/; its handling characteristics are natively a little "hotter" than a pilot would desire. A control augmentation subsystem is designed using ADP to make the plane "feel like" a better behaved one, as specified by a reference model. The number of inputs to the successfully designed controller are among the largest seen in the literature to date.
Cooperative learning: effective teamwork for engineering classrooms

A definition of cooperative learning and a brief overview of types of cooperative learning groups-informal, formal, and base, are presented. Essential elements of a well-structured formal cooperative learning group are considered along with the professor's role in structuring a problem-based cooperative learning group. A summary of research support for cooperative learning is also presented.
Strong non-linear non-reciprocity using leaky-waves on multi quantum well layers

Magnet-less non-reciprocity has recently attracted significant attention as a solution to the limitations of conventional non-reciprocal devices based on magnetic materials. Different approaches have been exploited so far, including transistor-based metamaterials, spatiotemporal modulation, and non-linear structures. Non-linear non-reciprocity is particularly interesting in the case of high-power applications, and when biasing through external signals needs to be avoided. Such an approach is usually based on asymmetric resonance shift via third-order non-linearities for excitation from different directions. However, in the majority of materials, third-order non-linear effects are weak and, as a result, high input intensities are required in order to observe strong isolation. Multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) are materials with extreme non-linear effects in the far- and mid-infrared bands. In such materials, the non-linear response is associated with engineered intersubband-transition resonances, and it is accompanied by loss. The closer we are to the band resonance, the stronger the non-linearity and the associated loss is. Basic calculations show that the frequency shift due to the nonlinearity in MQW materials can never be larger than the bandwidth due to loss and, as a result, non-reciprocity cannot be achieved through the conventional approach of asymmetric resonance shift. However, as we will show in detail during our talk, it is possible to exploit the giant nonlinearity in MQW materials by taking advantage of the associated loss, to realize a unique one-way mirror with large isolation for relatively small input intensities. To this goal, we choose to operate exactly at the intersubband transition resonance, for which loss is maximum, and we exploit the material's saturation mechanism, according to which absorption decreases as the input intensity increases. In this way, we obtain a bistable absorber, with different transition intensities from high-to-low absorption states for excitation from different directions. Interestingly, the operation of such a device does not involve any frequency shift, but a change in the resonance quality factor due to the change in material absorption as the input intensity is increased. An optimal structure to realize this effect is based on a metallic grating on top of a thin MQW substrate, supporting leaky modes, whose quality-factor can be easily controlled by changing the gaps of the grating. If the periodicity of the grating is larger than half wavelength, the leaky waves are associated with multiple diffraction orders, which generally exhibit different decay rates. Therefore, by exciting the structure from different directions, we are able to induce different field intensities in the MQW material, thus creating the required asymmetry to induce non-reciprocity. Our simulation results show that isolations of more than 15 dB can be achieved with input power intensities in the order of 10 MW/cm2, demonstrating the robustness of the saturable-absorption approach to achieve strong non-linear non-reciprocity.
Existence and uniqueness of statistical measures for solution processes for linear-stochastic differential equations

Abstract Structure is developed on the set of real-valued stochastic processes in terms of the authors recently defined statistical measures making explicit an L p n (Ω, T) -calculus over the structure. This proves that the stochastic-differential equation L y=x, where x is a stochastic process and L is an nth order linear-stochastic differential operator with up to n − 1 stochastic-process coefficients, is solved by Adomian's series, and finally, establishes the existence and uniqueness of the statistical measures of the solution process.
Hyperion: Analysis of Voyager observations

Voyager imges of Hyperion are analyzed with respect to spin state, dimensions and shape, surface features, photometry, and colors. It is suggested that the two most important observations concerning Hyperion are the demonstration of the satellite's unusual spin state and the discovery of the apparent low density of large craters on the satellite's surface. A possible implication of such a reduced density of craters is that the last important fragmentation of Hyperion might have occurred near the end or after the period of initial heavy bombardment.
THE TRANSFER OF SPECIFIC AND GENERAL CONSEQUENTIAL FUNCTIONS THROUGH SIMPLE AND CONDITIONAL EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS

The purpose of this study was to examine the transfer of consequential (reinforcement and punishment) functions through equivalence relations. In Experiment 1, 9 subjects acquired three three-member equivalence classes through matching-to-sample training using arbitrary visual forms. Comparison stimuli were then given conditioned reinforcement or punishment functions by pairing them with verbal feedback during a sorting task. For 8 of the 9 subjects, trained consequential functions transferred through their respective equivalence classes without additional training. In Experiment 2, transfer of function was initially tested before equivalence testing per se. Three of 4 subjects showed the transfer without a formal equivalence test. In Experiment 3, 3 subjects were given training that gave rise to six new three-member conditional equivalence classes. For 2 of the subjects, the same stimulus could have either a reinforcement or punishment function on the basis of contextual cues that defined its class membership. Experiment 4 assessed whether equivalence training had established general or specific consequential functions primarily by adding novel stimuli in the transfer test. Subjects treated even novel feedback stimuli in the transfer test as consequences, but the direction of consequential effects depended upon the transfer of specific consequential functions through equivalence relations.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms in children successfully withdrawn from immunosuppression after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Cytokine genetic polymorphisms have been associated with transplant outcome in some experimental and clinical studies, but the cytokine profile of patients who are clinically tolerant has not been investigated. AIM Allelic variations in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (INF)-gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were evaluated in patients successfully withdrawn from immunosuppression. METHODS Pediatric liver transplant recipients who were successfully withdrawn from immunosuppression (n=12) or who are on minimal immunosuppression (n=7) were genotyped. A control group of liver recipients who required maintenance immunosuppression served as a control group (n=37). RESULTS Compared to the control group, low TNF- alpha and high/intermediate IL-10 profiles were seen in all 12 children maintained off immunosuppression and in 6 of 7 children requiring minimal immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Children successfully maintained off immunosuppression are more likely to have a genetic predisposition toward low TNF-alpha and high/intermediate IL-10 production. Children maintained on minimal immunosuppression exhibit a similar cytokine profile to those successfully weaned.
Ideology and Learning in Policy Diffusion

Scholarly research on the diffusion of policies across state governments focuses predominantly on the pathways of information between the states. Absent from this research is a thorough discussion of the content of the information state governments use when deciding whether or not to adopt an innovative policy. Given the importance of information in decision making, we develop a model that focuses attention on one type of information, namely, the ideological position of previous adopters. Although not the only piece of relevant information, we believe that states look to the previous adopters in an effort to minimize the uncertainty about how issues fit in the liberalconservative policy space. We test this theory in three different policy areas, finding consistent evidence that ideological cues help states learn about policy innovations while replicating important findings from previous research.
Impacts to Sizing of Conservation Practices in Pennsylvania from Implementation of NOAA14 Rainfall Data

Since its release in May 1960, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has used the National Weather Service Technical Paper No. 40 (TP-40) as the primary reference to establish design rainfall volumes for various frequency storms. The standard NRCS Type II design rainfall distribution is most widely used across the USA. Developed using the TP-40 data, it is coupled with the rainfall volumes and is used with predictive hydrology models to size conservation practices for agricultural applications. The National Weather Service has recently updated TP-40 with newer and more comprehensive data in the form of NOAA Atlas 14 for select portions of the U.S., including Pennsylvania (PA). This produces new design storm volumes and distributions (per frequency).
Mosquito salivary glands: Parasitological and molecular aspects

The salivary glands of mosquitoes serve in sugar feeding and blood vessel location. Components have been recently identified that may function in sugar feeding and digestion and platelet anti-aggregation. These factors correlate with salivary gland structure and appear to be controlled differentially in female mosquitoes. Analysis of gene expression has led to the discovery of three novel moieties in saliva: two involved in sugar feeding and one, specific to female mosquitoes, which is probably involved in blood feeding. Studies of parasite involvement in the salivary glands and host haemostasts have shown that parasites target specific interactions and modify them to enhance transmission. Here, Anthony James and Philippe Rossignol present an overview of mosquito salivary gland morphology and function, discuss recent advances in salivary gland molecular biology that have led to the discovery of new components and describe how parasites may modify salivary function to enhance transmission,.
"Time Is Muscle" Only in Experienced Hands and High-Volume Centers

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) occurs in nearly 1.5 million patients and claims more than 450,000 lives each year in the United States. The past 3 decades have witnessed a dramatic reduction in the mortality rate of acute MI. The widespread use of thrombolytic therapy has revolutionized management of acute MI. However, the use of thrombolytic therapy is limited in that many patients have contraindications to its administration. In the recent Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) registry data of the 2501 patients who presented with ST segment elevation acute MI, 12.8% of patients had contraindications to thrombolytic treatment [1]. In addition, contemporary fibrinolytic and antithrombotic therapy is associated with a relatively low rate of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow and high rates of reocclusion. The most effective thrombolytic regimens achieve angiographic infarct related artery (IRA) patency in approximately only 50% of patients within 90 minutes. The GUSTO-I angiographic substudy strongly correlated 90-minute patency of the IRA with the mortality reduction achieved [2]. Regardless of the thrombolytic agent used, an occluded IRA (ie, TIMI grade 0 or 1 flow) at 90 minutes is associated with an 8.9% 30-day mortality rate and “normal” perfusion (TIMI grade 3 flow) is associated with a 4.0% mortality rate [3]. The incidence of complications with fibrinolytic therapy, especially intracranial hemorrhage, is not trivial. Thrombolysis is associated with an increase in the stroke rate of approximately 0.4% to 0.8%, and there is bleeding requiring transfusion in
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Triethylphosphine-Ligated Pt-Au Cluster Compounds. X-ray Crystal and Molecular Structure of [Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](NO(3))(3).

The first triethylphosphine-stabilized Pt-Au cluster compounds, [Pt(AuPEt(3))(10)](2+) (2) and [Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](3+) (3), were prepared by the direct reaction of Pt(PEt(3))(3) with AuPEt(3)NO(3) under a dihydrogen atmosphere. Cluster 2 is the highest-nuclearity homoleptic Pt(AuPR(3))(n)() cluster yet prepared. The reactivity and structures of these clusters are in agreement with the well-established electron-counting arguments. The 18-electron cluster 2 was converted into the 16-electron cluster 3 by oxidation with 2 equiv of ferricinium ion [Fe(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(2)](+). Cluster 3 was converted into 2 by reduction with H(2) in the presence of [AuPEt(3)](+). Cluster 3 was also observed to cleanly add the 2-electron donors CO and PEt(3) to form the 18-electron clusters [(CO)Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](3+) (4) and [(PEt(3))Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](3+) (5), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results show that 3 has a flattened, toroidal structure in which the PtAu(9) framework has a Pt-centered, tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. Crystal data for [Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](NO(3))(3) is as follows: hexagonal P6(3)/m, a = 15.134(5) A, c = 23.48(1) A, V = 4657 A(3), Z = 2, residuals R = 0.056, and R(w)() = 0.053 for 1489 observed reflections and 81 variables, Mo Kalpha radiation. Compound 3 was found to reversibly add H(2) in solution to form the dihydride cluster [(H)(2)Pt(AuPEt(3))(9)](3+) (6). The equilibrium constant for this addition reaction is 1.1 x 10(3) M(-)(1) (CD(2)Cl(2) solution, 25 degrees C), slightly smaller than that for [Pt(AuPPh(3))(8)](2+). The rate of the addition is also slower than that with [Pt(AuPPh(3))(8)](2+). Cluster 3 is an excellent homogeneous catalyst for H(2)-D(2) equilibration giving a turnover rate for HD production of 0.13 s(-)(1) (nitrobenzene solvent, 30 degrees C, 1 atm). The PEt(3)-containing clusters give similar rates and follow the same general trends previously observed with PPh(3)-ligated clusters. The chemistry of these new clusters is explained by consideration of the steric and electronic properties of the PEt(3) ligand. These new compounds will be useful as models for hydrogen activation by Pt-Au clusters and as precursors for supported Pt-Au catalysts.
Effective stress coefficient in shales and its applicability to Eaton's equation

Pore pressure within formations determines the mud weight required to build a balancing fluid pressure downhole. An improper understanding of the subsurface geology and the formation pressures may result in fracturing the formation if the mud weight is too high. In contrast, if mud weight is too low, then formation fluids can flow into the well, potentially leading to well blowouts if not controlled. Complex geological settings make pore-pressure prediction difficult and often inaccurate due to uncertainty in pressure-generating mechanisms. Estimation of proper pore pressures is necessary for designing stable holes and an optimized casing program. In exploration, knowledge of pore pressures can assist in assessing seal effectiveness and in high-grading reservoir sweet spots. It also provides useful calibration information for basin modeling. Hence, it becomes very important to accurately predict pore pressures.
Clinical Guidelines for Using Two Dichotomous Tests

Building on the threshold model developed by Pauker and Kassirer for a single test, the authors describe a decision analytic model for two tests with dichotomous outcomes. The model includes ten decision strategies that differ depending on which tests are performed, whether the tests are performed together or in sequence, and the definition of a positivity criterion used to make the treatment decision when the test results disagree. Formulas derived from the model are used to compute the preferred option as a function of disease probability and to calculate test and test-treatment thresholds. General guidelines developed from the model can be used without calculation to identify relative preferences for alternative options and to predict threshold effects. Key words: decision analytic model; tests with dichotomous outcomes. (Med Decis Making 6:68-78, 1986)
Traitement endovasculaire par stentgraft des échecs du traitement endovasculaire des anévrismes de l'aorte abdominale

Malgre un succes technique initial eleve, la durabilite a long terme du traitement endovasculaire des anevrismes de l'aorte abdominale (EVAR) continue de poser des problemes. Apres EVAR, les patients peuvent connaitre des endofuites, la migration du dispositif, des ruptures de dispositif, ou la croissance de l'anevrisme qui peut exiger l'intervention. Le but de cette etude etait de passer en revue tous les patients reoperes avec des dispositifs endovasculaires secondaires dans notre etablissement pour echec d'une procedure EVAR. Sur une periode de huit ans, 988 patients ont ete traites par EVAR, dont 42 (4,3%) ont du avoir des interventions secondaires comportant la mise en place de dispositifs endovasculaires additionnels. Les donnees concernant les caracteristiques des patients, la taille des anevrismes, le type de dispositif initial, le temps ecoule avant l'echec, la cause de l'echec, les interventions secondaires, et les resultats ont ete examinees. Le delai moyen de l'operation initiale jusqu'a la reintervention etait de 34,1 mois. Les echecs etaient une endofuite de type I chez 38 patients (90,5%), une endofuite de type III chez deux patients (4,8%), et une augmentation de taille de l'AAA sans endofuite definie chez deux patients (4,8%). Le taux global de reussite technique pour la reparation secondaire etait de 92,9% (39/42). Des complications perioperatoires se sont produites chez neuf patients (21,4%), dont des complications parietales (n = 6), un accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) (n = 1), une chute du pied, et un deces. Le suivi moyen apres reparation secondaire etait de 16,4 mois (extremes 1-50). Quatre-vingt-six pour cent des patients traites avec des dispositifs aorto-uniiliaques ont eu une reparation reussie contre 45% des patients soignes avec des manchettes proximales. Dix patients (23,8%) ont eu une endofuite persistante ou recidivee de type I ou III apres revision. De ces derniers, quatre ont eu des interventions tertiaires, y compris deux patients qui ont eu la mise en place de dispositifs additionnels. Les echecs d'EVAR se produisent chez un nombre limite mais significatif de patients. Si elle est anatomiquement possible, la reprise endovasculaire constitue un moyen sur de traiter ces echecs. Les dispositifs aorto-uniiliaques semblent offrir une reparation plus durable que les manchettes proximales pour le traitement des endofuites proximales de type I. Les resultats a moyen terme indiquent que ces patients peuvent avoir besoin de procedures additionnelles mais ont un faible taux de mortalite en rapport avec l'anevrisme. Un suivi a plus long terme est necessaire pour determiner la durabilite de ces reprises endovasculaires.
Minicomputer as a circuit-design tool:

Lack of interactive capabilities and high processing cost are two main areas of complaints directed against the existing implementations of computer- aided-design packages. The minicomputer promises to remove these serious deficiencies despite its speed and storage limitations. The economics and techniques of interactive minicomputer applications are explored and an integration formula suitable for minicomputer implementation is devised. Several nonlinear networks simulated on a minicomputer are used to demonstrate the long-term stability of the formula.
Cardiovascular KCNQ (Kv7) Potassium Channels: Physiological Regulators and New Targets for Therapeutic Intervention

Potassium channels play an important role in electrical signaling of excitable cells such as neurons, cardiac myocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In particular, the KCNQ (Kv7) family of voltage-activated K + channels functions to stabilize negative resting membrane potentials and thereby opposes electrical excitability. Of the five known members of the mammalian Kv7 family, Kv7.1 was originally recognized for its role in cardiac myocytes, where it contributes to repolarization of the cardiac action potential. Kv7.2 to Kv7.5 were first discovered in neurons, in which they play a well characterized role in neurotransmitter-stimulated action potential firing. Over the past 5 years, important new roles for Kv7 channels have been identified. Kv7 channels have been found to be expressed in VSMCs from several vascular beds where they contribute to the regulation of vascular tone. There is evidence that Kv7.5 channels in VSMCs are targeted by the hormone vasopressin to mediate its physiological vasoconstrictor actions and evidence that neuronal Kv7 channels in the baroreceptors of the aortic arch adjust the sensitivity of the mechanosensitive neurons to changes in arterial blood pressure. These newly identified physiological roles for Kv7 channels in the cardiovascular system warrant increased attention because pharmacological modulators of this family of channels are being used clinically to treat a variety of neurological disorders. This raises questions about the cardiovascular side effects associated with existing therapies, but there is also obvious potential to capitalize on the established and evolving pharmacology of these channels to develop new therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Gastroplasty in morbid obesity: a progress report.

The lower mortality and morbidity rates of the gastric partitioning operations seem to be the primary reason for their increasing popularity among surgeons everywhere. Two hundred patients in our series underwent gastroplasty for morbid obesity. A measured 60-ml proximal gastric pouch is formed as the TA-90 is doubly applied across the upper stomach, just distal to the esophagogastric junction. The egress channel is located on the greater curvature, supported by a continued seromuscular inverting layer using 2-0 polypropylene suture and a second interrupted inverting layer using 4-0 Dacron® sutures. There were 154 females and 46 males in the series. The mean age was 34.2 years and the mean kg overweight, 67.4. The early postoperative complication rate was 19%, including 1 cardiac death, for a 0.5% mortality rate. Twelve percent revision rate included 15 staple line disruptions, 3 enlarged channels, 4 channel stenoses, and 2 enlarged pouches. Staple line dehiscence continues to be of concern with stapling in continuity. Liquid or pureed diet restriction for the first 12 postoperative weeks decreases the incidence of this complication. The second application of TA-90 and the preservation of adequate blood supply to the pouch are important factors in the preservation of the integrity of the staple line. Ninety percent of total weight loss occurred at 12 months. Weight loss was maintained at 18 and 24 months.
Response of the patuxent estuary to a winter storm

Current and tidal records from the Patuxent estuary are analyzed to investigate the response of the river after a two-day period of strong northwesterly winds. The storm depressed mean water levels throughout the Chesapeake area, and the Patuxent, required about two days to recover to its former mean water level. Surface slopes provided evidence for the existence of a long period seiche.
Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and chromosomal damage

Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors. Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.
Conflict Prevention and Separation Assurance in Small Aircraft Transportation Systems

A multilayer approach to the prevention of conflicts due to the loss of aircraft-to-aircraft separation that relies on procedures and onboard automation was implemented as part of the Small Aircraft Transportation Systems Higher-Volume-Operations concept. The multilayer system gives pilots support and guidance during the execution of normal operations and advance warning for procedure deviations or off-nominal operations. This paper describes the major concept elements of this multilayer approach to separation assurance and conflict prevention and provides the rationale for its design. All the algorithms and functionality described in this paper were implemented in an aircraft simulation in the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory at NASA Langley Research Center and on the NASA Cirrus SR22 research aircraft.
Hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy and loss of function: protective effect of isometric exercise

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of isometric exercise (IE) as a countermeasure to hindlimb unloading (HU)-induced atrophy of the slow (soleus) and fast (plant...
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glass structure

Abstract Past, present, and future studies of glass structure by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are surveyed. Quadrupole or chemical shift effects for various nuclei (10B, 11B, 17O, 29Si, 125Te) are analyzed to produce structural models for glasses. Temperature-dependent properties of NMR spectra are used to monitor ion hopping in glasses and secure the activation energies. High-field NMR with sample spinning is exemplified with 29Si, 27Al and 23Na nuclei. Future NMR studies of glass structure will involve many additional nuclei including those of Ge, Mg, Sc, La, Nb, and Zr.
Triaminopyrimidinium (TAP+) blocks luminal membrane K conductance in Necturus gallbladder epithelium.

The effect of triaminopyrimidinium (TAP+) on the apical membrane ofNecturus gallbladder epithelial cells was investigated with intracellular microelectrode techniques. TAP+, added to the mucosal bathing solution only, produced the following effects (all rapid and reversible): (i) cell depolarization, (ii) increase of apical membrane resistance, and (iii) decrease of the apical membrane potential change produced by K for Na substitution on the mucosal side. These results can be explained by a decrease of apical membrane K conductance. The paracellular effects of TAP+ were similar to the ones previously described by Moreno (J.H. Moreno, 1974;Nature (London) 251:150; J.H. Moreno, 1975,J. Gen. Physiol. 66:97). These results indicate that the change of transepithelial potential produced by TAP+ cannot be ascribed solely to its effect on the paracellular pathway.
Depressive Symptoms and Parenting Competence: An Analysis of 13 Regulatory Processes.

Abstract Mechanisms that lead depressive symptoms to undermine parenting are poorly understood. This review examines cognitive, affective, and motivational processes thought to be responsible for the impact of depressive symptoms on parenting. We present a five-step, action-control model and review 152 studies relevant to 13 regulatory processes. Evidence suggests that depressive symptoms undermine parenting because they reduce child-oriented goals, undermine attention to child input, increase negative appraisals of children and parenting competence, activate low-positive and high-negative emotion, and increase positive evaluations of coercive parenting. Yet, this review reveals significant limitations in knowledge of these processes. Evidence that they mediate depression-parenting relations is scare; important processes remain unstudied; conceptions of regulation are undifferentiated; children’s contributions are largely unexamined; moderating variables are largely unexplored; and methods fail to capture the dynamics of processing input from children. Rigorous testing of such process models holds promise for clarifying the basis of depression-related parenting problems.
Looking Ahead: Concluding Remarks

I hope you—the readers—of this issue of Sex Roles learned as much about Islam as Phyllis Katz and I did. Sue Rosenberg Zalk, a concerned and dedicated scholar, and a caring feminist, would have been proud to have this publication dedicated to her. We thank the Editor of Sex Roles, Joan Chrisler, for encouraging and accepting this special issue. Many Muslim women identify Islamic feminism, or gender sensitivity, as the mission of communicating and promoting the practice of Qur’anically mandated gender equality and social justice. Islamic feminism derives its insight and direction from the Qur’an, seeking rights for women, as well as for men, in all aspects of life. The principle argument underlying Islamic feminism is that the Qur’an verifies the principle of equality of all human beings but that the practice of equality of women and men has been thwarted or sabotaged by patriarchal judgments and traditions. Thus, there is no inherent contradiction between being a feminist and being a Muslim. However, it is necessary to recognize the constraints and limitations placed upon women as a consequence of their gender. Islamic feminism is a worldwide trend, extending from the East to the West. It is occurring at diverse locations around the world by women within their own countries, regardless of whether they are from nations where Muslims make up the large majority of the population or they are from long-established minority communities. In addition, Islamic feminism is spreading in the Muslim Diaspora and convert-communities in the West. The popularity of the Islamic feminism movement is even becoming apparent on the Internet. In spite of the popularity of this trend, this new feminism has given rise many hopes and fears. Currently, the religion of Islam is viewed by many societies in a negative and unwarranted
Multi-Packet Opportunistic Large Array Transmission on Strip-Shaped Cooperative Routes or Networks

The Opportunistic Large Array (OLA) is one type of cooperative transmission, which provides fast and reliable broadcasts and unicasts in multi-hop networks. While the existing literature on OLAs assumes one-shot transmission with a single packet, we analyze multi-packet OLA transmission within a single flow along strip-shaped networks or OLA-based cooperative routes. When multiple packets are transmitted from the same source using the same channel before the previous packet has cleared the network, which is called spatial pipelining, intra-flow interference is produced by OLAs transmitting co-channel packets. Using the continuum assumption (approximated by high density networks), the authors optimize the throughput. This paper theoretically shows spatial pipelining over strip networks is always feasible for path loss exponent α≥2, which is not true for disk-shaped networks. Moreover, the impacts of system parameters are analyzed, and the upper bound of the optimal packet spacing (the lower bound of the optimal throughput) is derived. Also, spatial pipelining in finite networks is studied with numerical results, which confirm the theoretical analysis.
Synthesis and processing of simian virus 40-specific RNA in adenovirus-infected, simian virus 40-transformed human cells

Human simian virus 80 (SV80) cells transformed by simian virus 40 (SV40) synthesize substantial quantities of the SV40 large T-antigen (Henderson & Livingston, 1974; Tjian, 1978) and cytoplasmic, poly(A)-containing RNA species that exhibit spliced structures characteristic of the SV40, early messenger RNA species that encode both large and small T-antigens (Flint & Beltz, 1979). When SV80 cells were infected with type C adenovirus, both the synthesis of SV40 large T-antigen and the appearance in the cytoplasm of newly synthesized, SV40-specific RNA sequences were inhibited during the late phase of infection. The results of hybridization to SV40 DNA of SV80 nuclear RNA, prepared from mock- or adenovirus-infected cells after labeling for short periods in vivo or in vitro, indicated that transcription of integrated SV40 was, by contrast, not disrupted during the late phase of adenovirus infection. Poly(A)-containing, nuclear RNA species that hybridized to SV40 DNA sequences and exhibited the sizes of spliced, large and small T-antigen mRNA species were also synthesized in infected cells at a time when the corresponding mRNA sequences did not leave the nucleus. These results suggest that the failure of non-adenoviral mRNA sequences to enter the cytoplasm of adenovirus-infected cells does not reflect inhibition of either their transcription or the normal enzymatic processing reactions to which pre-mRNA species are subject. Several lines of evidence do, however, establish that nuclear, SV40-specific RNA sequences are less stable in adenovirus-infected compared to mock-infected SV80 cells.
Eigenvalues of Finite Projective Planes with an Abelian Cartesian Group

Let M be an incidence matrix for a projective plane of order n. The eigenvalues of M are calculated in the Desarguesian case and a standard form for M is obtained under the hypothesis that the plane admits a (P,L)-transitivity G, |G| e n. The study of M is reduced to a principal submatrix A which is an incidence matrix for n2 lines of an associated affine plane. In this case, A is a generalized Hadamard matrix of order n for the Cayley permutation representation R(G). Under these conditions it is shown that G is a 2-group and n e 2r when the eigenvalues of A are real. If G is abelian, the characteristic polynomial |xI − A| is the product of the n polynomials |x − φ (A)|, φ a linear character of G. This formula is used to prove n is a prime power under natural conditions on A and spectrum(A). It is conjectured that |xI − A| ≡ xn2 mod p for each prime divisor p of n and the truth of the conjecture is shown to imply n e |G| is a prime power.
Spectral shape sensitivity contributes to the azimuth tuning of neurons in the cat's inferior colliculus.

We recorded high-best-frequency single-unit responses to free-field noise bursts that varied in intensity and azimuth to determine whether inferior colliculus (IC) neurons derive directionality fro...