cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Practical, Hybrid Approach to Faster-Than Real-Time Power System Analysis and Control

Abstract This paper examines how custom computing hardware for fast power system analysis may be adapted to improve the user experience as well as its commercial-viability. One prime example of such custom hardware is the FPAA-based analog emulator developed previously by the authors. The authors propose development of a USB-based actuation and data acquisition interface that allows analog computational tools to work seamlessly with one or more commercially-available power system analysis software packages. A commercially-available software application will be tasked with user interaction and post-processing, while custom hardware is tasked with faster-than real-time power system analysis.
Light Scattering By Polystyrene Spheres On A Mirror

Three models have been developed to describe light scattering from a sphere positioned on a mirror. The actual system is modeled as a two-sphere system consisting of a real and an imaginary sphere. Light scattering from each sphere is assumed to follow Mie theory. No further interaction is assumed between the sphere and the mirror. The models differ in their consideration of the interaction of scattered fields from the spheres. The results of the models are compared with experimental values with the size parameter 4.88 and 7.00 with s- and p-polarization. The comparison indicates that a best fit can be obtained by assuming the two spheres are coherent light sources with a phase difference ofπ.
Low power RF integrated circuits: principles and practice

Ultralow power wireless communicators, such as paging receivers operating from a single cell, have prompted the development and discovery of circuit techniques and architectures which lower power consumption of RF IC's ten-fold or more compared to today's norms. This paper illustrates many of these design principles, mainly in a CMOS context. It argues for seeking strategic combinations of high quality off-chip passives with RF integrated circuits, and searching for better architectures in wireless receivers (and transmitters) to lower power. The principles are illustrated with specific examples.
Necessary and sufficient conditions in the tracer determination of compartmental system order.

Two assumptions inherent in common tracer techniques of determining the order of steady state compartmental systems are examined: (i) that experimental access to the compartmental system is adequate to reveal all compartments, and (ii) that the compartments can be counted by resolving tracer transients into sums of non-positive exponentials. Linear systems theory is applied to a matrix formalization of the tracer kinetics to derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which assumption (i) is valid. Examples of how to test for adequate experimental access are given for general classes of compartmental systems, as well as for specific structures. Both direct insertion and “natural” absorption of tracer into a system are considered. General methods of obtaining linear system order are related to the tracer analysis of compartmental systems. Assumption (ii) is valid only when the characteristic roots of the tracer system matrix are non-positive, real, and distinct. These roots are always non-positive; necessary and sufficient conditions on the compartmental structure are described under which they are also real and distinct. Also, the relations between the number of exponentials in a tracer transient and compartmental system order are derived for general compartmental structures.
High-Energy Low-Temperature Physics: Production of Phase Transitions and Topological Defects by Energetic Particles in Superfluid 3He

I review three sets of experiments conducted in the last decade, in which superfluid 3He was irradiated with high-energy particles and the nucleation either of vorticity or of the A–B phase transition reported. I consider how far the known atomic physics constrains possible scenarios for such nucleation, and comment on two such scenarios which have appeared in the literature, namely the “baked-Alaska” and “cosmological” (Kibble–Zurek–Volovik) models. I point out that there is a fundamental difference between the problems of nucleation of vorticity on the one hand and the B phase on the other: and that as a result, it is by no means necessary that the same scenario should describe both phenomena. In an appendix I discuss possible sinks of energy in the calorimetric (Grenoble–Lancaster) experiment, with the conclusion that it is entirely consistent with the data to assume that no vorticity at all was produced in this experiment.
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy Distributions for the Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma

Abstract This paper introduces the idea of anevolutionarily stable strategy distribution, which generalizes the idea of an evolutionarily stable strategy; roughly speaking, an evolutionarily stable strategy distribution is a finite set of symbiotic strategies which is unaffected by low levels of mutation. This idea is then applied to then-person Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma, of which the usual Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma is the special casen=2. Given some standard assumptions on what mutations are possible, it is shown that if the probability of future interactions is sufficiently large, there are no evolutionarily stable strategy distributions. (And hence no evolutionarily stable strategies.) An example is given of an evolutionarily stable strategy distribution in the case when the set of possible mutant strategies is restricted.
Membrane permeation based sensing for dissolved water in organic micro-aqueous media

The water content of solutions is important for fuels, lubricants, hydraulic liquids, oils and fats, and enzymatic catalysis in organic liquids. Rapid and accurate on-line water detection is needed for research and for the technical realization including process optimization of enzymatic catalysis in organic liquids. This paper reports on the development of sensors that rely on the selective pervaporation of water from micro-aqueous organic liquids to the vapor phase through a polymeric membrane. This sensing principle employs the transport of water exploiting both diffusion and sorption. The water content of liquid n-hexane and kerosene is sensed from saturation down to concentrations in the low ppm range. The isothermal sensor response is shown to be largely linear with dissolved water concentration.
Development and other characteristics of α-methyl-d-glucoside transport by rat kidney cortex slices

Abstract α-Methyl- d -glucoside has been shown to be a non-metabolizable sugar which is accumulated against a concentration gradient by a Na + -dependent and phlorizin inhibited process by adult rat renal cortical slices incubated in vitro at 37 °C. (2) The velocity of accumulation increased linearly with substrate concentrations up to 1.5 mM, but at higher concentrations obeyed saturable kinetics with an apparent K m of about 6 mM. (3) Uptake was enhanced as Na + was increased from 0 to 100 mequiv/l. Higher Na + concentrations caused no further effect. (4) A pH maximum of transport occurred between 7.35 and 8.0. (5) Glucoside uptake was inhibited by d -glucose, d -galactose, d -fructose, d -mannose and d -ribose. The inhibition by d -glucose and d -galactose was competitive with apparent K t of 24 and 53 mM, respectively. (6) Both d -glucose and d -galactose accelerated the efflux of α-methyl- d -glucoside from preloaded cells. (7) Kidney cortex slices from 1-day-old rats were unable to accumulate α-methyl- d -glucoside to form a concentration gradient. The ability to concentrate the glucoside increased progressively after birth, reaching near normal in tissue from 15-day-old animals. The data indicate that the transport process in the newborn is rudimentary, failing also to display accelerated efflux phenomenon. (8) α-Methyl- d -glucoside is transported in rat kidney cortex by a mechanism similar in many ways to that of d -galactose.
Structural properties of the chloroplast stromal processing peptidase required for its function in transit peptide removal.

The stromal processing peptidase (SPP) catalyzes removal of transit peptides from a diversity of precursor proteins imported into chloroplasts. SPP contains an HXXEH zinc-binding motif characteristic of members of the metallopeptidase family M16. We previously found that the three steps of precursor processing by SPP (i.e. transit peptide binding, removal, and conversion to a degradable subfragment) are mediated by features that reside in the C-terminal 10-15 residues of the transit peptide. In this study, we performed a mutational analysis of SPP to identify structural elements that determine its function. SPP loses the ability to proteolytically remove the transit peptide when residues of the HXXEH motif, found in an N-terminal region, are mutated. Deletion of 240 amino acids from its C terminus also abolishes activity. Interestingly, however, SPP can still carry out the initial binding step, recognizing the C-terminal residues of the transit peptide. Hence, transit peptide binding and removal are two separable steps of the overall processing reaction. Transit peptide conversion to a subfragment also depends on the HXXEH motif. The precursor of SPP, containing an unusually long transit peptide itself, is not proteolytically active. Thus, the SPP precursor is synthesized as a latent form of the metallopeptidase.
Optimal thermoelastic design for given deflection

Abstract The paper is concerned with the minimum-weight design of an elastic sandwich beam subject to the constraint that given loads and temperature changes produce a prescribed deflection at a specified cross-section. The principle of stationary mutual potential energy, which was established in ref. 1 for purely elastic deformations, is extended to thermoelastic deformations and used to derive a sufficient condition for optimality, which can be shown to be necessary as well. The use of this optimality condition is illustrated by an example.
Design of a Gravity-Balanced Assistive Device for Sit-to-Stand Tasks

The joint torques in hip, knee and ankle are computed using inverse dynamic model during standing up for a paraplegic patient. The joint torque comprises the dynamical torque due to the inertia forces, and a passive torque due to the muscles and gravitational torque. It has been observed that the contribution to the joint torques by the gravitational torque is dominant. On the basis of this result, a gravity balanced assistive device is proposed for the elderly and impaired people such as spinal cord injury and paraplegic patients. This passive device uses a hybrid method to identify the center of mass of the system using auxiliary parallelograms first. Next appropriate springs are connected to the device to vanish the total potential energy of the system due to the gravity during standing up. A prototype with the underlying principles is currently being fabricated at the University of Delaware.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Estimating HIV/AIDS incidence: Adjusting case reports for changes in definition

The purpose of this paper is to assess different procedures used in the modeling of the AIDS epidemic that account for changes in the definition of AIDS. Specifically, we assess three methods that adjust for the effect of definition changes on the modeling of HIV reconstructions. Our results suggest that how we account for definition changes is a critical influence on the severity and the shape of the estimated HIV/AIDS epidemic. Also, the scope of the recent (1993) definition change is sufficiently broad to limit approaches based on adjusting to a single, consistent definition. The most realistic approach appears to be one based on a dynamic disease progression model that accounts for AIDS definition changes via changes in disease incubation.
Library Event Matching event classification algorithm for electron neutrino interactions in the NOνA detectors

We describe the Library Event Matching classification algorithm implemented for use in the NOνA ν_μ→ν_e oscillation measurement. Library Event Matching, developed in a different form by the earlier MINOS experiment, is a powerful approach in which input trial events are compared to a large library of simulated events to find those that best match the input event. A key feature of the algorithm is that the comparisons are based on all the information available in the event, as opposed to higher-level derived quantities. The final event classifier is formed by examining the details of the best-matched library events. We discuss the concept, definition, optimization, and broader applications of the algorithm as implemented here. Library Event Matching is well-suited to the monolithic, segmented detectors of NOνA and thus provides a powerful technique for event discrimination.
Ion Yield, Sputter Rate, and Sims Matrix Effects in Quantitative Analysis of (AlxGa1−x)0.5N0.5

Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) material is used in GaN-based electronic and optoelectonic devices. The Al and Ga ratio can be adjusted to produce material with different compositions and electronic properties. In this set of experiments epitaxial films of (AlxGa1−x)0.5N0.5 with x ranging from 0 to 1 were investigated. Primary composition was determined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). From secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles a correlation of secondary ion counts was made to RBS determinations of primary composition. The SIMS data was also used to determine sputter rate and the relative sensitivity factor (RSF) of O, Mg and Si in (AlxGa1−x)0.5N0.5 material. The correlation of SIMS data with RBS and knowledge of the sputter rate and RSF dependence on composition are essential for the characterization of (AlxGa1−x)0.5N0.5 films.
Fast rotary nonlinear spatial acquisition (FRONSAC) imaging.

Purpose Nonlinear spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) have been studied to reconstruct images from a minimum number of echoes. Previous work has also explored single shot trajectories in nonlinear SEMs. However, the search continues for optimal schemes that apply nonlinear SEMs to improve spatial encoding efficiency and image quality. Theory and Methods We enhance the encoding efficiency of standard linear gradient trajectories by adding a rapidly rotating nonlinear SEM of moderate amplitude, the so called FRONSAC (Fast ROtary Nonlinear Spatial ACquisition) imaging. This additional gradient greatly improves the image quality of highly undersampled single-shot trajectories, including EPI, Spiral, and Rosette trajectories. Results Our simulations, including noise and dephasing effects, test the effect of adding FRONSAC gradients, demonstrating the applicability of this approach. Performance is explained by demonstrating the additional k-space sampling the nonlinear gradient provides. Studies of the optimal amplitude and frequency of the additional FRONSAC field are presented, and the role of enhanced sampling during the readout demonstrated. Dynamic field mapping in a second-order gradient system shows the proposed gradient waveforms are feasible. Conclusion Images resulting from highly undersampled existing k-space trajectories, such as EPI, Spiral, and Rosette, are greatly enhanced simply by adding a rotating nonlinear SEM field. Magn Reson Med 75:1154–1165, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward optimal non-iterative reconstruction for 3D SPECT with uniform attenuation and distance-dependent spatial resolution

When noniterative methods without adequate regularization are applied to correct for the effects of attenuation and distance-dependent spatial resolution in three-dimensional (3-D) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at clinical noise levels, they often yield images with conspicuous artifacts, thereby significantly limiting the usefulness of these reconstruction methods. In this work, we extend a regularized inverse-filtering approach that allows the incorporation of an a priori random image field of nonzero mean, as well as an estimated noise level of the SPECT data, for effective suppression of noise and artifacts without significantly compromising the resolution. Our results indicate that the proposed approach can substantially improve the visual quality and the quantitative accuracy of 3-D SPECT images. In combination with its speed advantage, the proposed method may be useful in 3-D SPECT clinical applications.
Energy Metabolism in Neural Tissues in vivo at Rest and in Functionally Altered States

2.1 Introduction 112.2 Local Cerebral energy Metabolism 132.3 Biochemical Mechanisms of Functional Activation of Energy Metabolism at theTissue Level 172.4 Localization of Functionally Activated Energy Metabolism at the Tissue Level 192.5 Cellular Localization of Functional Activation of Energy Metabolism 242.5.1 Effects of Increased Extracellular K
The Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on the Mouse Adenohypophysis. II. Gonadotrophs and Somatotrophs

The adenohypophyses of adult male C57BL/6J mice pituitaries injected with cyproterone acetate for four weeks were examined with the electron microscope. The gonadotrophs showed an accumulation of the hormone-containing granules, and a noticeable decrease in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The somatotrophs exhibited proliferated profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophied Golgi apparatus, and a slight decrease in the GH-containing granules. It is believed that the cyproterone acetate may have inhibited synthesis and release of the gonadotropins, and may have stimulated the GH-producing cells through the progestational activity of this antiandrogen.
Complications of Strabismus Surgery: Incidence and Risk Factors

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the complications of strabismus surgery, focusing on incidence and risk factors. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline and Cochrane databases. Results: Local complications, such as conjunctival injection and mild scarring, are almost universal but only rarely have long-term clinical significance. There are several important complications that are uncommon but associated with significant long-term sequelae, including slipped muscles, lost muscles, stretched scars, incarcerated muscles, pulled-in-two syndrome, periocular infections, orbital cellulitis, scleral perforations, retinal detachments, endophthalmitis, anterior segment ischemia, and surgical errors. Discussion: Strabismus surgery is associated with a number of common and serious complications, and it is important for both surgeons and patients to be aware of the risks.
Two structural components in CNGA3 support regulation of cone CNG channels by phosphoinositides

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in retinal photoreceptors play a crucial role in vertebrate phototransduction. The ligand sensitivity of photoreceptor CNG channels is adjusted during adaptation and in response to paracrine signals, but the mechanisms involved in channel regulation are only partly understood. Heteromeric cone CNGA3 (A3) + CNGB3 (B3) channels are inhibited by membrane phosphoinositides (PIPn), including phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), demonstrating a decrease in apparent affinity for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Unlike homomeric A1 or A2 channels, A3-only channels paradoxically did not show a decrease in apparent affinity for cGMP after PIPn application. However, PIPn induced an ∼2.5-fold increase in cAMP efficacy for A3 channels. The PIPn-dependent change in cAMP efficacy was abolished by mutations in the C-terminal region (R643Q/R646Q) or by truncation distal to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (613X). In addition, A3-613X unmasked a threefold decrease in apparent cGMP affinity with PIPn application to homomeric channels, and this effect was dependent on conserved arginines within the N-terminal region of A3. Together, these results indicate that regulation of A3 subunits by phosphoinositides exhibits two separable components, which depend on structural elements within the N- and C-terminal regions, respectively. Furthermore, both N and C regulatory modules in A3 supported PIPn regulation of heteromeric A3+B3 channels. B3 subunits were not sufficient to confer PIPn sensitivity to heteromeric channels formed with PIPn-insensitive A subunits. Finally, channels formed by mixtures of PIPn-insensitive A3 subunits, having complementary mutations in N- and/or C-terminal regions, restored PIPn regulation, implying that intersubunit N–C interactions help control the phosphoinositide sensitivity of cone CNG channels.
Pediatric dentistry: Today and tomorrow

sources and patients. You must be able to answer why a patient would pass other dental offices to come to yours or why someone would refer a patient to your office rather to than another specialist. Don’t be naive and think that it is because you are practicing excellent dentistry. That is what people pay for. Value is giving them something they are not paying for. Value is what they will remember long after they forget which tooth you worked on. I hope you can sense my excitement about periodontics and understand why I think there has never been a better time to be a periodontist or a patient needing periodontal care. When you add all that periodontics has to offer to all the other disciplines at this conference, the limits of what we can achieve together are almost as boundless as space itself.
A dynamic model of drops detaching from a gas metal arc welding electrode

A dynamic model of drop detachment in gas metal arc welding is presented for low and moderate welding currents in an argon-rich plasma. Simulations performed with this model are compared with extensive experimental measurements of constant-current welding images and with limited experimental measurements of pulsed-current welding images. The comparisons indicate that the experimental axial magnetic forces are much less potent than the calculated axial magnetic forces when welding-current transients are not present. To explain this finding the hypothesis that internal flows are able to develop under the relatively quiescent conditions that exist during drop development in constant-current welding is advanced.
Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in short-term breast cancer survival among women in an integrated health system.

Objectives. We examined the combined influence of race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on short-term survival among women with uniform access to health care and treatment.Methods. Using electronic medical records data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California linked to data from the California Cancer Registry, we included 6262 women newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We analyzed survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with follow-up through 2010.Results. After consideration of tumor stage, subtype, comorbidity, and type of treatment received, non-Hispanic White women living in low-SES neighborhoods (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.52) and African Americans regardless of neighborhood SES (high SES: HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.07; low SES: HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.50) had worse overall survival than did non-Hispanic White women living in high-SES neighborhoods. Results were similar for breast cancer–specific surviv...
A Reified interface for a tutor on program debugging

Here, we present two user interfaces we developed for a tutor on debugging programs. The second interface is reified with respect to the first, and is hence, better at capturing student misconceptions and promoting the development of an accurate mental model in the learner. We discuss the rationale behind the interface, its significance, and its impact on the maintenance of the student model. We also describe the design and implementation of the reified interface.
Eolian sedimentation and soil development on a semiarid to subhumid grassland, Tertiary Ogallala and Quaternary Blackwater Draw Formations, Texas and New Mexico High Plains

ABSTRACT Eolian sediments have accumulated as non-glacigenic loess and thin sand sheets on the Central and Southern High Plains grasslands of Texas and New Mexico since the late Miocene. Locally as much as 110 m of eolian sediments with numerous paleosols are preserved in the Quaternary Blackwater Draw Formation and the upper part of the Miocene-Pliocene Ogallala Formation. These sediments and paleosols, which cover more than 130,000 km2, are similar to recent surface sediments and soils and record a long period of episodic eolian transport and sedimentation, and pedogenesis on a stable low-relief grass-covered landscape. Eolian sections, which comprise the fine sand to coarse silt lithofacies of the Ogallala Formation, and the very fine to fine sand and sandy mud lithofacies of the Blackwater Draw Formation, generally lack primary sedimentary structures. Grain size of Ogallala sediments decreases from west to east, and grain size of Blackwater Draw sediments decreases from southwest to northeast. Soil horizonation is well developed in most sections, and buried calcic and argillic horizons are common. Calcic horizons are characterized by sharply increased CaCO3 content in the form of filaments, nodules, and petrocalcic horizons (calcretes). Argillic horizons are characterized by increased illuvial clay, pedogenic structure, and darker reddish hues. Rhizocretions are common locally. Open root tubules, which are typically less than 1 mm in diameter and characteristic of small plants like grasses, are present in all Ogallala and Blackwater Draw eolian sediments. Paleosols preserved in eolian sediments of the High Plains reflect periods of sedimentation followed by episodes of landscape stability and pedogenesis, and negligible sedimentation. Episodes of sedimentation and soil development likely resulted from cyclic decreases and increases in available moisture and vegetative cover. Eolian sediments were eroded and transported eastward during dry periods when vegetation was sparse in source areas, such as the western High Plains and the Pecos Valley. During humid periods more abundant vegetation probably protected source areas from deflation, and resulted in landscape stability across the High Plains.
Cultural styles of persuasion

Abstract The study explores the hypothesis that persuasion can be carried out in a combination of three basic styles: the factual-inductive, the axiomatic-deductive, and the affective-intuitive. The weight of each of these three basic styles differs from culture to culture. The paper begins with the presentation of some earlier research on this question. The styles adopted by the representatives of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Arab countries in the course of debates in the Security Council of the United Nations are then analyzed. The analysis confirms the hypothesis of there being in each case a dominant style as described above. The results of the study should be considered as preliminary: there exists a possibility of bias among the judges; the sample, even though sufficiently large for statistical purposes, is limited to the discussion of one dispute; the style of other nationalities is not investigated. It is hoped that additional results will be presented in the near future.
Boosting SAT Solver Performance via a New Hybrid Approach

Due to the widespread demands for efficient SAT solvers in Electronic Design Automation applications, methods to boost the performance of the SAT solver are highly desired. We propose a Hybrid Solution to boost SAT solver performance in this paper, via an integration of local and DPLL-based search approaches. A local search is used to identify a subset of clauses from the original formula to be passed to a DPLL SAT solver incrementally until all the clauses have been passed. In addition, the solution obtained by the DPLL solver on the subset of clauses is fed back to the local search solver to jump over any locally optimal points. The proposed solution is highly portable to the existing SAT solvers. For satisfiable instances, up to an order of magnitude speedup was obtained via the proposed hybrid solver. For unsatisfiable instances, the speedup was smaller due to the overhead.
Experience with Donor-Specific Transfusions in High MLC One Haplotype Identical Living Related Combinations

One year kidney graft survival in living related combinations with high MLC (stimulation index above 30) and one haplo-identity is not significantly different from cadaver kidney graft survival in patients with previous random transfusions. In 1980 SALVATIERRA et al. (1) reported the use of donor-specific transfusions in patients with high stimulation indices and haploidentity. This report will review our own experience with 44 patients who entered into this study.
Hyperbranched polymers from propargyloxysilanes : New types of acetylenic resins

New hyperbranched polymers (1P-3P) from propargyloxysilanes (1-3) are described. The propargyloxysilanes were prepared from readily available reagents in 53-61% yields. The polymerizations were clean, one-pot hydrosilylation processes catalyzed by Pt/C that were typically complete within 3 h. The polymers contained pendant acetylenic groups that underwent thermally induced crosslinking reactions. Heating the polymers to 1300 °C in flowing nitrogen resulted in weight losses ranging from 33 to 66%. Methyl substitution resulted in lower thermal stability. Further modification of the polymers was demonstrated by the reaction of 1P and 2P with phenylethynyldimethylsilane in the presence of a Pt catalyst.
Long-term outcomes after the excision of horseshoe urethral diverticulum.

The objective was to report our long-term experience with horseshoe urethral diverticulum (HUD) excised using the urethral preservation technique. Following IRB approval, charts of women who underwent HUD excision and had at least 6 months’ follow-up were reviewed. HUD was defined as a bilateral posterior diverticulum that extended laterally and anteriorly past 3 and 9 o’clock on the left and right sides respectively. HUD was diagnosed by pre-operative MRI. Success was defined as no evidence of residual diverticulum on post-operative imaging and the reported resolution of diverticulum symptoms. Between 1998 and 2014, 12 out of 15 women who underwent HUD excision met the inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 81 (median: 52, range: 7–163) months. Presenting symptoms included urinary leakage (n = 8), dyspareunia (n = 6), dysuria (n = 6), frequency (n = 5), urgency (n = 5), and vaginal pain (n = 8). Two patients reported having all three symptoms of the historic triad: dysuria, dyspareunia, and post-void dribbling. Three patients had prior urological interventions, including excision of a unilateral diverticulum, a Spence procedure, and a Skene gland incision. Only 1 patient had a recurrent HUD confirmed by MRI 10 years later, which required reoperation. HUD symptoms resolved in the remaining 11 patients, with post-operative imaging showing no evidence of recurrent HUD, and no further therapy was needed. Of 4 women who reported stress urinary incontinence (SUI) pre-operatively, only 2 reported SUI symptoms post-operatively. There were no cases of post-operative urethro-vaginal fistula. At a mean follow-up of 6–7 years, excision of HUD with urethral preservation produced long-lasting resolution in the majority of patients.
Tai chi as a balance improvement exercise for older adults: a systematic review

This review indicates that TC may be an economic and effective exercise program for improving balance and balance confidence in older adults. Language: en
The full exceptional collections of categorical resolutions of curves

Abstract This paper gives a complete answer of the following question: which (singular, projective) curves have a categorical resolution of singularities which admits a full exceptional collection? We prove that such full exceptional collection exists if and only if the geometric genus of the curve equals to 0. Moreover we can also prove that a curve with geometric genus equal or greater than 1 cannot have a categorical resolution of singularities which has a tilting object. The proofs of both results are given by a careful study of the Grothendieck group and the Picard group of that curve.
Preliminary Development of a 3-D, 3-C PIV Technique using Light Field Imaging

A novel 3-D, 3-C PIV technique is described, based on volume illumination and a plenoptic camera to measure a velocity eld. The technique is based on plenoptic photography, which uses a dense microlens array mounted near a camera sensor to sample the spatial and angular distribution of light entering the camera. This combination of spatial and angular information is termed the light eld, and is measured in this work with a plenoptic camera. Computational algorithms are then used to reconstruct a volumetric intensity eld after the image is taken. This paper provides an introduction to the concepts of light eld photography and describes the algorithms used to render the intensity eld. The algorithms are tested using simulated data to evaluate their reconstruction accuracy and their eectiveness with correlation algorithms. Additionally, the construction of a prototype camera based on a 16-megapixel sensor is described. This work demonstrates the ability to make 3-D, 3-C PIV measurements using simulated data of uniform and vortex ow, and provides the basis for further development using experimental data and more advanced reconstruction algorithms.
On the burrowing and feeding habits of the amphipods Bathyporeia pilosa Lindström and Bathyporeia sarsi Watkin

Abstract The burrowing mechanism and feeding in Bathyporeia pilosa and B. sarsi are described, based on aquaria observations. The two species do not differ in these respects. The species have no permanent burrow, but ventrally the appendages maintain a small cavity in the sand. The cavity has no connection to the surface of the sand and the pleopods pump water for the respiration from the interstices. The animal normally lies with its ventral side upwards when it burrows. From in front of the head sand grains are carried backwards on either side of the body by the pereopods. Friction against sand grains causes the pereopod spines to rise when the limbs move backwards and to lie down during the forward movement. This enables the pereopods to move sand grains backwards and to push the animal forwards. The diet consists of matter adhering to sand grains. The stomach contains crushed diatom shells and unidentifiable matter. The sand grains are worked over one by one; the first pereopods press them against the...
Local Discontinuous Galerkin Formulations for Heat Conduction Problems Involving High Gradients and Imperfect Contact Surfaces

A Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method is described here which provides a unied mathematical setting and framework for solving various kinds of heat conduction problems to include thermal contact conductance/resistance, sharp/high gradient problems and the like. For these applications, the LDG method does not require much modications to the basic formulation or the need to employ ad hoc approaches as with the Continuous Galerkin (CG) nite element methods. In this paper, we describe the LDG formulation for elliptic heat conduction problems which is then extended to parabolic problems. The advantages of the LDG method over the CG method are shown using two classes of problems|problems involving sharp/high gradients, and imperfect contact between surfaces. So far, interface/gap elements have been primarily used to model the imperfect contact between two surfaces to solve thermal contact resistance problems. The LDG method eliminates the use of interface/gap elements and provides a high degree of accuracy. It is further shown in the problems involving sharp/high gradients, that the LDG method is less expensive (requires less number of degrees of freedom) as compared to the CG method to capture the peak value of the gradient. Several illustrative 1-D/2-D applications highlight the eectiv eness of the present the LDG formulation.
Sensitivity of modeled ocean heat content to errors in short wave radiation and its attenuation with depth

Short wave radiation (SWR) and its attenuation with depth have a major impact on the vertical distribution of the oceanic water temperature, dynamical processes, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. In numerical modeling of oceanic processes, the SWR usually comes from the atmospheric model predictions, while the short wave attenuation schemes are internally prescribed (estimated) inside the oceanic dynamical model. It has been reported that atmospheric models show a tendency to overestimate the shortwave radiation due to underestimation of predicted low-level clouds. Most existing schemes to specify the attenuation of SWR with depth in numerical models are based on: the Jerlov (1976) water-types classification; climatological estimates of attenuation coefficients or from the biological model predictions of light-absorbing and scattering water constituents. All of the above attenuation schemes are prone to introducing errors in the attenuation of short wave radiation with depth. As a result, we have to deal with two types of errors in the oceanic modeling: those due to the incorrect specification of the magnitude of SWR at the surface (from the atmospheric model), and those due to inaccurate vertical attenuation of SWR (prescribed in the oceanic model). We have developed an approach for estimating errors in the oceanic model heat budget due to errors in surface values of SWR and in its attenuation with depth. Based on this approach, we present examples illustrating sensitivities of the heat budget of the water column to the changes in specification of surface SWR and its attenuation.
Association of psychological, cognitive, and functional variables with self-reported executive functioning in a sample of nondemented community-dwelling older adults

ABSTRACTSubjective executive functioning (EF) measures provide valuable information about real-world difficulties, although it is unclear what variables actually associate with subjective EF scores. We investigated subjective EF in 245 nondemented, community-dwelling older adults (aged 70 and above) from the Einstein Aging Study. Partial correlational analyses controlling for age were performed between the nine Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult version (BRIEF-A) clinical scales and objective EF tests, self-reported mood and personality, and informant-reported activities of daily living. The significance level was set at p < .006 for all analyses (two-tailed). Most notably, higher worry/oversensitivity, physiological anxiety, and fear of aging were significantly associated with increased EF difficulties on all nine BRIEF-A scales. Additionally, increased EF difficulties on five or more BRIEF-A scales were significantly associated with lower conscientiousness, higher neuroticism, and hig...
Neonatal intensive care: is it worth it? Developmental sequelae of very low birthweight.

The emotional, social, and financial costs of neonatal care are weighed against the developmental outcomes of very low birth-weight infants. Although the advent of modern neonatal intensive care has resulted in an increase in the absolute number of children with neurodevelopmental abnormalities, the proportion of survivors with such problems has remained fairly constant over the past 20 years. Most very low birthweight infants appear free of severe motor or cognitive disabilities, but an above-average number of this group have school difficulties. Resources expended on prevention of low birthweight would reduce the number of children with chronic developmental impairment and the total cost of health care.
Ca2+ uptake in GH3 cells during hypotonic swelling: the sensory role of stretch-activated ion channels.

Hypotonic cell swelling triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that is deemed responsible for the subsequent regulated volume decrease in many cells. To understand the mechanisms ...
Modelling for Pre-Service Teachers

Teaching mathematical modelling has become more important as we prepare students to investigate complex phenomena that affect their lives. However, many mathematics programmes do not include modelling experiences for their future teachers even though they will be called upon to teach modelling-based mathematics to their students. At Wright State University, our nine-course programme for middle school mathematics teachers has modelling as a central theme. This paper describes four of these courses that help students develop modelling skills. Two vital practices we keep in mind when planning are reinforcing modelling skills over time throughout our courses, and aiming the mathematics and the activities at the students' ability levels.
Precision Measurement of Electronic Specific Heat in Dilute Alloys

In order to measure the changes of the electronic contribution to the specific heat of dilute alloys accurate enough for a small change in composition, we developed a technique of simultaneous calorimetry. The calorimetry uses three samples (one pure and two alloys) and a mechanical heat switch, which are arranged in a symmetric manner.
Characterization of Electronic Properties of Two-dimensional Refractory Selenides and Tellurides

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are emerging among the potential alternatives to graphene. The monolayer of TMDs can easily be exfoliated mechanically and their electronic properties can also be tuned by controlling the number of layers. TMDs possess an advantage over graphene by controlling band gap magnitude appropriate for the electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here we show, mechanically exfoliated TMDs such as NbSe2 and MoTe2 exhibit metallic and fluctuating conductance behavior respectively. Metallic conduction in NbSe2 was investigated under atmospheric conditions and compered with vacuum conditions. Furthermore, NbSe2 resistance was measured at low temperature up to 5.6 K. The above electronic investigations clearly demonstrate ohmic and fluctuating conduction in NbSe2 and MoTe2 respectively which could be applicable for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Theory of Gearing: Kinematics, Geometry, and Synthesis

Written by a leading expert, Theory of Gearing: Kinematics, Geometry, and Synthesis, Second Edition is intended for engineers and researchers in the field of gear design, gear production, gear inspection, and application of gears. It focuses on the scientific theory of gearing, in all its aspects, and its application to new gear types and designs.
Universal or Selective Welfare: Free Meals and Violence in Korean Schools

Since 2011, Korean students above the poverty line have been eligible for free school meals. The authors of this paper hypothesize that increased homogeneity of eligibility reduces peer conflicts and school violence. Data from 5,853 schools in Korea reveal that shifting from selective to universal free meal schemes has significantly decreased violence in middle and high schools.
Exploiting Vector and Multicore Parallelism for Recursive, Data- and Task-Parallel Programs

Modern hardware contains parallel execution resources that are well-suited for data-parallelism-vector units-and task parallelism-multicores. However, most work on parallel scheduling focuses on one type of hardware or the other. In this work, we present a scheduling framework that allows for a unified treatment of task- and data-parallelism. Our key insight is an abstraction, task blocks, that uniformly handles data-parallel iterations and task-parallel tasks, allowing them to be scheduled on vector units or executed independently as multicores. Our framework allows us to define schedulers that can dynamically select between executing task- blocks on vector units or multicores. We show that these schedulers are asymptotically optimal, and deliver the maximum amount of parallelism available in computation trees. To evaluate our schedulers, we develop program transformations that can convert mixed data- and task-parallel pro- grams into task block-based programs. Using a prototype instantiation of our scheduling framework, we show that, on an 8-core system, we can simultaneously exploit vector and multicore parallelism to achieve 14×-108× speedup over sequential baselines.
The Black Panther Party: a Virtuous Alignment with an African Worldview

This work will locate the Black Panther Party as resistance against the final vocabulary as articulated by philosopher Richard Rorty (1989) in his book, Contingency, Irony and Solidarity, on two fronts. The first front is a re-articulation of his idea of the final vocabulary, and the second front is the language of resistance and discursive interventions put forth by the Black Panther Party. This paper will explore the actions of the Black Panther Party and its relationship to an African-Centered communal orientation in terms of its organizational activities and service/survival programs. Lastly, this research will explore the theoretical construction Afrocentricity to analyze the Black Panther Party’s resistance role against the machinations of the state.
Transcriptional regulation of hormone-synthesis and signaling pathways by overexpressing cytokinin-synthesis contributes to improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass

The objective of this study was to investigate transcriptomic changes and molecular factors regulated by cytokinins that may contribute to improved drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) overexpressing adenine isopentenyltransferase (ipt). Wild-type (WT) and ipt-transgenic plants were maintained well irrigated or exposed to 21 days of drought stress in growth chambers. Transcriptomic analysis conducted by RNA-seq revealed 661 and 648 upregulated and 764 and 862 downregulated drought-responsive genes (DRGs) in the WT and ipt-transgenic plants, respectively, under drought stress using adjusted P-value of 0.001 and log2 fold change. Gene ontology (GO) term classification showed that a greater number of DRGs were found in ipt-transgenic plants than in WT plants pertaining to biological functions including metabolic process, cellular process, cell structure and growth, macromolecular complex, and binding and catalytic activity, whereas fewer DRGs were found in ipt-transgenic plants than in WT plants pertaining to response to stimulus and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, plant hormone signal transduction pathway analysis revealed three downregulated transcripts [type B - Arabidopsis response regulators (B-ARR), ABA-responsive element binding factor (ABF) and pyrabactin resistance/like (PYR/PYL)] and two upregulated transcripts (BIN2 and JAZ) that were significantly differentiated between ipt-transgenic and WT plants under drought stress, which are particularly interesting for further investigation of molecular mechanisms of hormone-regulation of drought tolerance.
Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Pancreas

To facilitate the immunological reaction of antibodies with antigens in fixed tissues, it is necessary to unmask or retrieve the antigens through pretreatment of the specimens. However, adjustment of heat-induced antigen retrieval is always required for different tissues and antigens. Using a low-power antigen retrieval technique, with appropriate dilution of antibodies, we successfully immunostained key antigens in the pancreas such as insulin, PDX-1, glucagon, cytokeratin, and CD31, which have presented a particular challenge for investigators in the past, because of the rapid autodigestion and high nonspecific antibody binding in the tissue. Satisfactory results were obtained when immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis were combined in the same slides.
Leakage energy reduction for hard real-time caches

Cache leakage reduction techniques usually compromise time predictability, which are not desirable for real-time systems. In this work, we extend the cache decay and drowsy cache techniques within the hardware-based Performance Enhancement Guaranteed Cache (PEG-C) architecture. The PEG-C can dynamically monitor the performance penalties caused by using leakage energy reduction techniques to ensure that the worst-case execution time (WCET) is better than the case without using any cache. At the same time, the leakage energy of caches can be reduced significantly.