cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract PL01-06: Nicotine-dependence pharmacogenetics: Implications for personalized therapy

This summary outlines the evidence base for using a genetically informed biomarker to tailor smoking cessation treatment. This marker represents the rate of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine clearance, and is measured using the ratio of the nicotine metabolites derived from nicotine from smoking (39hydroxycotinine [3HC]/cotinine), referred to as the nicotine metabolite ratio or NMR. The NMR has been associated retrospectively with the ability to quit smoking and differential response to nicotine dependence therapy in multiple independent clinical trials. We first examined the NMR in an open label trial of transdermal nicotine patch versus nicotine nasal spray. In the patch condition, slow metabolizers (the lowest quartile of the NMR) had significantly higher quit rates than normal metabolizers (2nd to 4th quartiles of the NMR) at the end of 8 weeks of treatment and at 6-month follow up, even after controlling for baseline cigarettes per day and level of nicotine dependence. No such relationship was observed among smokers who received nicotine nasal spray, presumably because they titrated their dose of treatment (and nicotine) based on their CYP2A6-mediated level of nicotine metabolism. Importantly, this relationship of pretreatment NMR (based on smoking) to quit rates with nicotine patch has been validated in an independent trial. Further, a double-blind trial of bupropion versus placebo established a significant NMR-by-treatment interaction; specifically, slow nicotine metabolizers had high quit rates on placebo, which were not enhanced further by the non-nicotine medication bupropion. In contrast, normal nicotine metabolizers performed poorly on placebo, but well on bupropion. Thus, convergent evidence across multiple independent clinical trials supports an association of the NMR with smoking cessation and response to treatments for nicotine dependence. These effects are significant beyond the effects of standard pretreatment clinical measures (e.g., baseline smoking rate, level of nicotine dependence). These data suggest that slow nicotine metabolizers respond well to placebo/behavioral counseling alone and benefit substantially from transdermal nicotine patch, whereas normal nicotine metabolizers achieve little benefit from behavioral counseling alone or nicotine patch, but respond well to non-nicotine medications. To translate these findings to clinical practice, we are initiating a large prospective stratified pharmacogenomic trial that will evaluate the use of the NMR to optimize treatments for nicotine dependence. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL01-06.
Water chemistry: fifty years of change and progress.

Water chemistry evolved from early foundations in several related disciplines. Although it is difficult to associate a precise date to its founding, several events support the argument that the fie...
Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injections for Sialorrhea as Performed by Pediatric Otolaryngologists.

Objective To evaluate incidence of complications and hospital readmission as a result of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections to manage sialorrhea. Study design Case series with chart review. Setting Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. Subjects and methods A case series with chart review was performed of all cases of ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin by pediatric otolaryngologists from March 5, 2010, to September 26, 2014,. Primary outcomes included complications such as dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and motor paralysis. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization, intubation, and nasogastric tube placement. Results There were 48 patients, 111 interventions, and 306 intraglandular injections identified. Botulinum toxin type A and type B were utilized in 4 and 107 operative interventions, respectively. Type A was injected into 4 parotid and 4 submandibular glands, utilizing doses of 20 U per parotid and 30 U per submandibular gland. Type B was injected into 98 parotid and 200 submandibular glands, with average dosing of 923 U per parotid and 1170 U per submandibular gland, respectively. There were 2 instances of subjectively worsening of baseline dysphagia that self-resolved. No cases were complicated by aspiration pneumonia or motor paralysis. No patients required hospital readmission, intubation, or nasogastric tube placement. Conclusion Prior published data indicated 16% complication incidence with ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin. Our study found a low complication rate (0.6%) with ultrasound-guided injections of botulinum toxin to manage sialorrhea, without cases of aspiration pneumonia or motor paralysis. Of 306 intraglandular injections, there were 2 cases of worsening baseline subjective dysphagia that self-resolved.
A Critical Gating Switch at a Modulatory Site in Neuronal Kir3 Channels.

UNLABELLED Inwardly rectifying potassium channels enforce tight control of resting membrane potential in excitable cells. The Kir3.2 channel, a member of the Kir3 subfamily of G-protein-activated potassium channels (GIRKs), plays several roles in the nervous system, including key responsibility in the GABAB pathway of inhibition, in pain perception pathways via opioid receptors, and is also involved in alcoholism. PKC phosphorylation acts on the channel to reduce activity, yet the mechanism is incompletely understood. Using the heterologous Xenopus oocyte system combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that PKC modulation of channel activity is dependent on Ser-196 in Kir3.2 such that, when this site is phosphorylated, the channel is less sensitive to PKC inhibition. This reduced inhibition is dependent on an interaction between phospho-Ser (SEP)-196 and Arg-201, reducing Arg-201 interaction with the sodium-binding site Asp-228. Neutralization of either SEP-196 or Arg-201 leads to a channel with reduced activity and increased sensitivity to PKC inhibition. This study clarifies the role of Ser-196 as an allosteric modulator of PKC inhibition and suggests that the SEP-196/Arg-201 interaction is critical for maintaining maximal channel activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The inwardly rectifying potassium 3.2 (Kir3.2) channel is found principally in neurons that regulate diverse brain functions, including pain perception, alcoholism, and substance addiction. Activation or inhibition of this channel leads to changes in neuronal firing and chemical message transmission. The Kir3.2 channel is subject to regulation by intracellular signals including sodium, G-proteins, ethanol, the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol bis-phosphate, and phosphorylation by protein kinases. Here, we take advantage of the recently published structure of Kir3.2 to provide an in-depth molecular view of how phosphorylation of a specific residue previously thought to be the target of PKC promotes channel gating and acts as an allosteric modulator of PKC-mediated inhibition.
Analysis on the characteristics of children falling injury in surveillance areas in Jiangsu province during 2006 to 2010

Objective:To describe the distribution and characteristics of children falling injury in surveillance areas in Jiangsu province,and to provide basis for injury prevention and control.Methods:Data of children falling injury incidence during 2006 to 2010 were collected and analyzed from provincial injury surveillance system.Results:Falling was the first leading cause(40.4%) of children injury in outpatients.Falling injury occurrence in boys was much higher than that in girls,gender ratio of boy to girl was 2.1∶1.The injury occurred in all ages and the proportion of each age was similar.The top three frequently occurred location of injury was home(32.9%),school and public place(32.0%),public living place(18.1%).Most injury events took place in leisure activities,accounted for 66.5%.Regarding the character of wound,the first one was contusions and abrasions,accounted for 55.3%.The most three common body regions injured were head(39.9%),higher limbs(28.9%) and lower limbs(24.6%).About 80.3% cases were minor injuries,and only 0.4% cases were serious wound.Most injury events were accident,accounted for 99.3%.Comparing between urban and rural areas,no significant difference was observed in gender,intention,season and time.Whereas,significant differences were found in terms of characteristics of age,education background,location,activities and time at injury,character and sites of wounds the body,severity and outcome of injury(P 0.05).Conclusion:In Jiangsu Province,falling has become the first leading cause of children injury.We should carry out more intervention activities according to the specific injury distributions and characteristics.
Quiescent Mixer Structure Optimization Procedure of Ternary Compounding Oil Displacement Injection System

In view of contrast of Quiescent Mixing effect,modern in-blend unit of quiescent mixer is developed first,the structure of quiescent mixer is optimized,and traditional and premixing model of quiescent mixer are developed.The mixing phenomenon of four phases is imitated with FLUENT soft.The result shows that the developed modern in-blend unit of quiescent mixer is appropriate and good mixing effect can be acquired.The affecting factors of premixing model of quiescent mixer are few,mixing effect is well,and property of mixing adapts to the oil field production better.
Effect of flow improver on the reduction of water cut oil flow resistance

When oil gathering system is applied in low temperature in Daqing oilfield,energy loss and cost are large.To reduce the flow resistance of water cut oil during gathering process,improve its flowing property and reduce gathering cost of water cut oil,the flow improver of DODE series is added into watered oil in lab horizontal pipe experimental apparatus in flow test.It probes into the law of the effect of DODE flow improver on on-way resistance.The test result shows that DODE flow improver added into water cut oil could advance the point of phase conversion of watered oil,and generate oil-in-water emulsion with moderate stability pre-time.It obviously reduces the apparent viscosity of oil and improves the low temperature flow property of oil.At the same time,much energy is saved and the loss is reduced.
Mechanisms of acrylamide induced rodent carcinogenesis

Acrylamide is a monomer of polyacrylamide, used in biochemistry, in paper manufacture, in water treatment, and as a soil stabilizer. The monomer can cause several toxic effects and has the potential for human exposure either through the environment or from occupational exposure. Recently, additional concern for the potential toxicity of acrylamide in humans has arisen with the finding of acrylamide formation in some processed foods. It has been established that following chronic exposure, rats exhibited an increase in the incidence of adrenal pheochromocytomas, testicular mesotheliomas, thyroid adenomas and mammary neoplasms in F344 rats. This has raised increased concerns regarding the carcinogenic risk to humans from acrylamide exposure. Studies examining the DNA reactivity of acrylamide have been performed and have had differing results. The tissue and organ pattern of neoplastic development seen in the rat following acrylamide exposure is not consistent with that seen with other strictly DNA reactive carcinogens. Based on the pattern of neoplastic development, it appears that acrylamide is targeting endocrine sensitive tissues. In the current monograph, studies on the effect of acrylamide on DNA reactivity and on altered cell growth in the target tissues in the rat are reported. DNA synthesis was examined in F344 rats treated with acrylamide (0, 2, or 15 mg/kg/day) for 7, 14, or 28 days. Acrylamide increased DNA synthesis in the target tissues (thyroid, testicular mesothelium, adrenal medulla) at all doses and time points examined. In contrast, in a non-target tissue (liver), no increase in DNA synthesis was seen. Examination of DNA damage using single cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay) showed an increase in DNA damage in the target tissues, but not in non-target tissue (liver). In addition, a cellular transformation model, (the Syrian Hamster Embryo (SHE) cell morphological transformation model), was used to examine potential mechanisms for the observed carcinogenicity of acrylamide. SHE cell studies showed that glutathione (GSH) modulation by acrylamide was important in the cell transformation process. Treatment with a sulfhydryl donor compound (NAC) reduced acrylamide transformation while depletion of GSH (BSO) resulted in an enhancement of transformation. In summary, acrylamide caused both an increase in DNA synthesis and DNA damage in mammalian tissues and cells suggesting that DNA reactivity and cell proliferation, in concert, may contribute to the observed acrylamide-induced carcinogenicity in the rat and has implication on the possible risk for human neoplasm development.
Notes from an Intentional Farm Community

First paragraphs: Many of us have projects in which we build community around food. Community gardens, food hubs, farm-to-school, farmers' markets, expanding nutrition assistance, policy research and advocacy, and other such projects enhance nutrition, help build the local food system, and increase capacity of local communities. We pick a few aspects of "community" and a few aspects of "food" and tie them together. Josh Trought has taken many aspects of community and many aspects of food and tied them together in D Acres Farm and written about his experiences with this large project in the book The Community Scale Permaculture Farm. D Acres defies easy categorization. It's a group of people living together on a farm, growing much of their own food and sharing their knowledge. Trought uses the term "intentional community" and "land-based service movement," since "collective" and "commune" bring to mind too many distracting concepts and images. He is looking to do no less than develop a new model for small farming, an alternative in the sense of ag practices but also an alternative to the family farm for those not part of a farming family. Revenue is derived from sales of farm-derived products, educational programs, and grant funds. This book summarizes the experiences of building and operating this entity; this review is about the book, not directly about the entity it describes....
Chiral vortical and magnetic effects in the anomalous transport model

We extend our recent study of chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy ion collisions based on an anomalous transport model by including also the chiral vortical effect. We find that although vorticities in the chirally restored quark matter, which result from the large angular momentum in noncentral collisions, can generate an axial charge dipole moment in the transverse plane of a heavy ion collision, it does not produce a difference in the eccentricities of negatively and positively charged particles. As a result, including the chiral vortical effect alone cannot lead to a splitting between the elliptic flows of negatively and positively charged particles. On the other hand, negatively and positively charged particles do develop a splitting in their elliptic flows if the effect due to a strong and long-lived magnetic field is also included. However, to have a positive slope in the dependence of the elliptic flow splitting on the charge asymmetry of the quark matter, as seen in experiments, requires the neglect of the effect of the Lorentz force. In this case, an elliptic flow splitting appears even at vanishing charge asymmetry.
Outlet Procedures in Female Cancer Survivors for the Treatment of Stress Incontinence: Differences in Indications, Technique, and Outcome for the Cancer Survivor

This article reviews the literature published over the past 5 years to provide an update regarding outlet procedures in female cancer survivors for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with note made of any specific considerations in terms of indications, surgical technique, and outcomes. Treatment options for SUI depend on the pathophysiology of incontinence and should be performed after cancer treatment is completed. Multidisciplinary considerations are important. Urethral bulking agents may be of benefit in mild incontinence; sling procedures effective in moderate to severe incontinence. For refractory SUI, AUS can be considered but has a high failure rate in irradiated patients; urinary diversion with or without bladder neck closure is also an option. More studies regarding management of SUI in this increasingly prevalent group of female cancer survivors are warranted.
The Ice Chip Protocol: A Description of the Protocol and Case Reports

Purpose There is limited information regarding the theoretical underpinnings of an Ice Chip Protocol. This article aims to discuss its use in assessment and rehabilitation of swallowing disorders. ...
CUDA GPU libraries and novel sparse matrix-vector multiplication - implementation and performance enhancement in unstructured finite element computations

The efficient solution to systems of linear and nonlinear equations arising from sparse matrix operations is a ubiquitous challenge for computing applications that can be exacerbated by the employment of heterogeneous architectures such as CPU-GPU computing systems. This paper presents our implementation of a novel sparse matrix-vector multiplication (a significant compute load operation in the iterative solution via pre-conditioned conjugate gradient based methods) employing LightSpMV with compressed sparse row (CSR) format, and the resulting performance characteristics using an unstructured finite element-based computational simulation. Computational performance analysed indicates that LightSpMV can provide an asset to boost performance for these computational modelling applications. This work also investigates potential improvements in the LightSpMV algorithm using CUDA 35 intrinsic, which results in an additional performance boost by 1%. While this may not be significant, it supports the idea that LightSpMV can potentially be used for other full-solution finite element-based computational implementations.
On the local existence for the Euler equations with free boundary for compressible and incompressible fluids

Abstract We consider the free boundary compressible and incompressible Euler equations with surface tension. In both cases, we provide a priori estimates for the local existence with the initial velocity in H 3 , with the H 3 condition on the density in the compressible case. An additional condition is required on the free boundary. Compared to the existing literature, both results lower the regularity of initial data for the Lagrangian Euler equation with surface tension.
Camp and College Parallels: Crucibles for Transition-Linked Turning-Points

This conceptual paper explores how the system of experiences that children encounter in a traditional, residential summer camp setting parallel traditional, residential, college setting for first-year students. Camp is a complex system in the sphere of youth development programs (YDP) because of the expectation for rapid adjustment by the camper to a novel physical and social environment. Many YDPs have a moderate to high level of connection with the child’s normal life, defined as similar to school or home environments and the activities in which youth regularly participate. A traditional residential summer camp offers a different degree of novelty than most other YDP settings. This paper offers a list of physical elements present in a camp setting that parallel the college setting and considers common camp-college parallels to articulate connected physical, social, emotional, and intellectual domains. This integration of ideas illustrates how the socio-physical novelty of the camp experience serves as a crucible for rapid adjustment and multi-dimensional growth in a way that is uniquely different from many other youth development settings.
Low Loss Etchless Photodefined Polymer Optical Waveguides

Etchless photodefined polymer optical waveguides are created through direct-write lithography and commercially available materials. Bypassing wet development provides benefits to optical chip-to-chip devices. At 1550nm telecommunication wavelengths, optical propagation loss is less than 1 dB/cm.
Feasibility of Non-invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilator Assist After Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair.

Abstract Background The use of neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients has been historically deemed unwise, since the trigger for breaths is the electromyographic activity of the diaphragmatic muscle. We report on our NAVA experience in CDH patients. Methods We performed an IRB-approved retrospective review of newborns from 1/1/2012–1/1/2017 at a Level I Children's Surgery Center undergoing CDH repair. Data obtained included demographics, defect type and repair, respiratory support, and outcomes. Results Seven infants with CDH were placed on noninvasive-NAVA (NIV-NAVA) after extubation. All seven patients underwent open transabdominal repair, with five requiring patch repair. All survived to discharge, and one year after birth. When we compared this group to a contemporary cohort of patients who also underwent CDH repair, we found no significant differences in birth weight, postmenstrual age, or gender. However, there was a significantly higher need for inhaled nitric oxide (p = 0.002), high frequency oscillatory ventilation (p = 0.016), and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation support (p = 0.045) in the NIV-NAVA cohort. Conclusion This is the first report of NIV-NAVA being successfully utilized as an adjunct to wean infants from conventional ventilation after CDH repair, even in those who require patch repair or with more significant disease severity. Levels of Evidence III- Retrospective Comparative Study.
Chronic toxicity of metolachlor OA on growth, ontogenetic development, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology of early life stages of marbled crayfish.

Abstract The metolachlor OA is a metabolite of herbicide metolachlor and s-metolachlor. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect metolachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis). The early life stages of marbled crayfish were exposed for 45 days to three concentrations of metolachlor OA: 4.2 μg/L (environmentally relevant concentration, E1), 42 μg/L (E2) and 420 μg/L (E3) under laboratory conditions. The effects were assessed on the basis of mortality, growth, ontogenetic development, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathology. Metolachlor OA caused significantly lower growth, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase activity in all tested concentrations. Metolachlor OA in higher concentrations (42 and 420 μg/L) resulted in significantly delayed ontogenetic development, lower reduced glutathione level and lipid peroxidation. Metolachlor OA has not significant effect on behaviour (activity, total distance moved and walking speed). Histological examination revealed alteration of hepatopancreas and gills in crayfish exposed to two higher tested concentrations. Hepatopancreas reflected histomorphological structural changes of individual cell types. Changes of gills included focal hemocytic infiltration together with enlargement of intralamellar space packed with granular substance. In conclusion, chronic metolachlor OA exposure affected growth, ontogenetic development, and the antioxidant system and caused pathological changes in hepatopancreas and gills of early life stages of marbled crayfish.
FAMILY HOUSING, ENERGY SUPPLY, AND PRIVATISM: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT This paper focuses upon household composition in the United States and other Western countries and the association between family privacy and energy availability. Social norms related to privatism and their impact upon the physical structure of the domestic residence are discussed. Future trends in housing policies are considered, with particular reference to the single-family detached home.
Hierarchical Modelling of Consumer Heterogeneity: An Application to Target Marketing

An important aspect of marketing practice is the targeting of consumer segments for differential promotional activity. The premise of this activity is that there exist distinct segments of homogeneous consumers who can be identified by readily available demographic information. The increased availability of individual consumer panel data opens the possibility of direct targeting of individual households. Direct marketing activities hinge on the identification of distinct patterns of household behavior (such as loyalty, price sensitivity, or response to feature advertisements) from the consumer panel data for a given household. The goal of this paper is to assess the information content of various standard segmentation schemes in which variation in household behavior is linked to demographic variables versus the information content of individual data. To measure information content, we pose a couponing problem in which a blanket drop is compared to drops targeted on the basis of consumer demographics alone, and finally to a targeted drop which is based on household panel data. We exploit new econometric methods to implement a random coefficient choice model in which the heterogeneity distribution is related to observable demographics.
Solid Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles by In Situ Conjugation for Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin

Solid lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (SLPN) are nanocarriers made from a combination of polymers and lipids, integrating the advantages of biocompatible lipid-based nanoparticles and gastrointestinal (GI)-stable polymeric nanoparticles. In this study, a novel preparation strategy was proposed to fabricate GI-stable SLPN through in situ conjugation between oxidized dextran and bovine serum albumin. Effects of molecular weight of dextran (20, 40, 75, and 150 kDa), conjugation temperature (65 °C, 75 °C, and 85 °C), and time (30, 60, 120 min) on the particulate characteristics and stability were comprehensively investigated and optimized. As heating temperature increased from 65 °C to 75 °C, the particle size of SLPN increased from 139 to 180 nm with narrow size distribution, but when the temperature reached 85 °C severe aggregation was observed after 60 min. SLPN prepared with 40 kDa oxidized dextran under 85 °C/30 min heating condition exhibited excellent GI stability with no significant changes in part...
Addressing the Sociopolitical Realities of Teaching through Standards-Based Reform to Post-Licensure Master’s Degree Programs

ABSTRACTPhysical education teacher education programs have a responsibility to prepare preservice teachers in the technical aspects of teaching while also preparing them for the sociopolitical real...
A Cycling Cancellation-Automaton for Sentence Well-Formedness

This paper attempts to specify what is the simplest device sufficient to recognize sentence structure, i. e. to state for arbitrary sequences of words whether they are well-formed sentences of a natural language. If each word in the sentence is represented by its explicit string-analysis relations, then the sufficient device is one which scans this string-representation of the sentence, cancels every sequence which consists of a symbol followed by its inverse, and repeats the scanning until no more cancellations occur. The device thus requires a memory only one symbol long. In addition, it must retain the uncancelled residue of the sentence after each scan, in order to cycle through it on the next scan; and storage is also needed for the various string-representations which a given sentence can have.
Navigating the labyrinth: Academic scientists’ responses to new regulatory controls on biological material inputs to research

Abstract Academic scientists who access and use biological materials are embedded in an increasingly complex arrangement of conflicting scientific, commercial, regulatory and ethical institutional logics. This paper examines how scientists navigate and respond to these conflicting institutions. Using in-depth interviews with 40 academic scientists in four fields (marine biology, entomology, agricultural studies, ecology), we undertake a grounded theory approach to identify key categories of individual responses and the drivers of those responses. We find that scientists adopt one or more of five strategies in response to regulatory pressures: acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance, and manipulation. We then leverage the institutional work literature to 1) propose a scientist response framework for understanding how individuals respond to competing logics and changing regulations and 2) demonstrate how individual cognition and effort by academic scientists reconciles (or not) conflicting institutions. We outline implications for policy and practice and conclude with a discussion of future research opportunities.
Rapid Transduction and Expansion of Transduced T Cells with Maintenance of Central Memory Populations

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells show great promise in treating cancers and viral infections. However, most protocols developed to expand T cells require relatively long periods of time in culture, potentially leading to progression toward populations of terminally differentiated effector memory cells. Here, we describe in detail a 9-day protocol for CAR gene transduction and expansion of primary rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cells produced and expanded with this method show high levels of viability, high levels of co-expression of two transduced genes, retention of the central memory phenotype, and sufficient quantity for immunotherapeutic infusion of 1–2 × 108 cells/kg in a 10 kg rhesus macaque. This 9-day protocol may be broadly used for CAR-T cell and other T cell immunotherapy approaches to decrease culture time and increase maintenance of central memory populations.
A diagnostic time-out to improve differential diagnosis in pediatric abdominal pain.

Background Pediatric abdominal pain is challenging to diagnose and often results in unscheduled return visits to the emergency department. External pressures and diagnostic momentum can impair physicians from thoughtful reflection on the differential diagnosis (DDx). We implemented a diagnostic time-out intervention and created a scoring tool to improve the quality and documentation rates of DDx. The specific aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to increase the frequency of resident and attending physician documentation of DDx in pediatric patients admitted with abdominal pain by 25% over 6 months. Methods We reviewed a total of 165 patients admitted to the general pediatrics service at one institution. Sixty-four history and physical (HP 101 charts were reviewed post-intervention, January-June 2018. Medical teams were tasked to perform a diagnostic time-out on all patients during the study period. Metrics tracked monthly included percentage of H&Ps with a 'complete' DDx and quality scores (Qs) using our Differential Diagnosis Scoring Rubric. Results At baseline, 43 (67%) resident notes and 49 (77%) attending notes documented a 'complete' DDx. Post-intervention, 59 (58%) resident notes and 69 (68%) attending notes met this criteria. Mean Qs, pre- to post-intervention, for resident-documented differential diagnoses increased slightly (2.41-2.47, p = 0.73), but attending-documented DDx did not improve (2.85-2.82, p = 0.88). Conclusions We demonstrated a marginal improvement in the quality of resident-documented DDx. Expansion of diagnoses considered within a DDx may contribute to higher diagnostic accuracy.
Long-term use of hydrocodone vs. oxycodone in primary care.

Abstract Background Hydrocodone and oxycodone are the Schedule II opioids most often prescribed in primary care. Notwithstanding the dangers of prescription opioid use, the likelihood of long-term use with either drug is presently unknown. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design and data from a commerical healthcare claims repository, we compared the likelihood of long-term use of hydrocodone and oxycodone in primary care patients presenting with acute back pain. Treatment was categorized as long-term if the prescription dates spanned ≥90 days from initial prescription to the run-out date of the last prescription, and included ≥120 days’ supply or ≥10 fills. Instrumental variable methods and probit regression were used to model the effect of drug choice on long-term use, estimate the average treatment effect, and correct for confounding by indication. Results A total of 3,983 patients who were prescribed only hydrocodone or only oxycodone were followed for 270 days in 2016. Long-term opioid use was observed in 320 patients (8%). Controlling for potential confounders including morphine milligram equivalents and dosage, an estimated 12% (95 CI, 10%–14%) treated with hydrocodone transitioned to long-term use vs. 2% (95 CI, 1%–3%) on oxycodone. Among patients who received more than one prescription (n = 1,866), an estimated 23% (95 CI, 19%–26%) treated with hydrocodone transitioned to long-term use vs. 5% (95 CI, 3%–7%) on oxycodone. The difference between drugs was supported in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Sample selection bias was not detected. Conclusions Long-term use was substantially greater for patients treated with hydrocodone than oxycodone, despite equianalgesia.
Does Early Ureteroneocystostomy After Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury Jeopardize Outcome

Objective To compare the outcomes of patients who underwent early repair (≤7 days) of iatrogenic ureteral injury with ureteroneocystostomy and compare them to those repaired in a delayed fashion (>7 days). Methods A retrospective review of billing data between 2012 and 2018 identified patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy for a benign ureteral disease. Inclusion criteria included all ureteral injuries related to a laparoscopic, robotic, or open surgical injury. Patients with ureteral injury related to radiation, stones, or reconstructive surgery were excluded. Patients undergoing reconstruction during the initial injury or within ≤7 days were designated as having undergone early repair, while the remaining were considered delayed repair. Demographics, as well as inpatient and postdischarge data were acquired, and statistical analysis was performed comparing the 2 groups. Results Sixty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Early repair was performed on 12 patients, while 55 underwent delayed repair. No significant difference in age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Score, laterality, stricture location, or history of pelvic/abdominal radiation was noted. Inpatient complications were significantly higher in the immediate group (58 vs 18%, P =.004). Thirty- and 90-day complications were similar. Two patients in the delayed group and none in the immediate group demonstrated stricture recurrence (P =.710). A higher rate of Boari flap ureteral reconstruction was performed in the delayed cohort (P =.001). Conclusion In this cohort, there was no detectable difference in outcomes when comparing early and delayed ureteroneocystostomy for iatrogenic ureteral injuries.
Slouching Toward a National Curriculum

The U.S. school mathematics curriculum changed slowly during the last century, and only in the past few decades have there been serious efforts to establish it nationally rather than having it be, at least in principle, locally determined. Waves of change have periodically swept the curricular ocean, but on the seabed, in the classrooms where students encounter their curriculum, much less has changed. A variety of recent efforts have been undertaken to change the curriculum nationally, and the country may be close to adopting a common core of standards for the school mathematics curriculum. In view of the complexity of how the curriculum operates and how it might change—and in particular, in view of the critical role teachers of mathematics play in making
Stationarity Statistics on Rolling Windows

We devise an expression of the KPSS stationarity statistic which is incremental–decremental in the sense that points can be added to and removed from the window to which the statistic pertains with overhead and computation independent of the window size. This represents a step towards online time series classification and has applications to performing parts of the Box–Jenkins methodology in the online setting.
Multiunit nuclear power plant accident scenarios and improvements including those based upon interviews with TEPCO engineers concerning the 2011 Fukushima accidents

Abstract In this work, we identify important multiunit risk factors based upon interviews with Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) engineers. These results provide first-hand information on multiunit risk factors that were important during the 2011 Fukushima accidents. Majority of the interviewees were involved in Fukushima Daiichi and Daini accident mitigation during March 2011. Interviewees worked at Daiichi and Daini sites and headquarters provided views of the accidents from different perspectives. They explained difficulties during the accident mitigation response phase due to lack of multiunit accident experience, and lack of necessary resources. In addition to the risk factors, corresponding site improvement suggestions are discussed based upon our reviews of the interview results. The identified risk factors and site improvement suggestions can be utilized as analysis subjects in future multiunit risk studies as well as references for nuclear sites to identify important multiunit risk vulnerabilities.
Pulsed Power Sciences at Sandia National Laboratories - The Next Generation

Summary form only given. The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II) began operation in 1985 and was converted into the Z facility in 1996. The Z refurbishment project began five years ago, driven by the need for more capacity (the ability to perform more experiments), improved precision (more precise pulse shaping, longer pulses, and reduced jitter), and more capability (higher energy delivered to the load and better diagnostic access). Over the past year, the Z facility was completely-dismantled and rebuilt employing new pulsed power designs and all new components within the same basic 36 module architecture. With the completion of this project in midsummer 2007, the pulsed power sciences program at Sandia will work with many scientific collaborators at other institutions to apply this new capability to the study of many areas of high energy density physics, including z-pinch driven inertial confinement fusion, dynamic material properties, and radiation hydrodynamics. While the recent science and engineering of pulsed power was focused on the refurbished components within Z and developing advanced radiographic capabilities, discovery and innovation in the fundamental architecture of pulsed power systems has made significant advances. This presentation will summarize recent and planned high energy density physics research on the Z facility, the Z-Refurbishment project, advances in high-photon-energy radiography, derivative applications that have come from the pulsed power program, and advances in the science of pulsed power that may revolutionize the next-generation facilities.
Evolutionary rate depends on number of protein-protein interactions independently of gene expression level

Whether or not a protein's number of physical interactions with other proteins plays a role in determining its rate of evolution has been a contentious issue. A recent analysis suggested that the observed correlation between number of interactions and evolutionary rate may be due to experimental biases in high-throughput protein interaction data sets. The number of interactions per protein, as measured by some protein interaction data sets, shows no correlation with evolutionary rate. Other data sets, however, do reveal a relationship. Furthermore, even when experimental biases of these data sets are taken into account, a real correlation between number of interactions and evolutionary rate appears to exist. A strong and significant correlation between a protein's number of interactions and evolutionary rate is apparent for interaction data from some studies. The extremely low agreement between different protein interaction data sets indicates that interaction data are still of low coverage and/or quality. These limitations may explain why some data sets reveal no correlation with evolutionary rates.
Virtual Production for Remote Teaching Modalities: Adapting Sustainable Remote Teaching and Learning Environments by Leveraging Real-time Computer Graphics

Approaches for leveraging real-time graphics, virtual production technologies to bring the visual richness, diversity and fidelity of bespoke teaching venues into the realm of teleconference-based, distanced learning. A variety of readily accessible tools and implementations are presented that dramatically enhance the experience of teaching and learning through common teleconferencing platforms.
Morph-specific differences in disease prevalence and pathogen-induced mortality in a terrestrial polymorphic salamander

Polymorphic species provide an excellent system to study population divergence because different phenotypes often face diverse selection pressures within their shared environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that different color morphs of Plethodon cinereus (striped and unstriped), which vary in their degree of melanin-based coloration, vary temporally in their seasonal activity and differ in metrics associated with stress physiology. Despite the known association between melanin-based coloration and disease resistance among vertebrates, few studies have examined this relationship in amphibians. In a laboratory experiment, we exposed juvenile and adult P. cinereus to the pathogenic chytrid fungus [Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)] and tested the hypothesis that the different color morphs would differ in their response to Bd. If the degree of melanization is positively associated with immune traits in this species, we predicted that unstriped salamanders would be more resistant to Bd and would exhibit higher survival rates compared to striped salamanders. Our results suggest that unstriped salamanders have a higher prevalence of infection when they do not behaviorally avoid Bd. Unstriped salamanders also exhibited higher rates of Bd-induced mortality compared to striped salamanders. These results conflict with our initial predictions and with general findings suggesting that individuals with higher levels of melanin production are more resistant to disease. Behavioral traits of the unstriped morph, including responses to predators and interactions with territorial opponents, may contribute to increased levels of stress and reduced resistance to infection. Future studies that directly manipulate glucocorticoid levels and/or temperature are needed to better understand the differences in Bd resistance in this species.
Tarasoff and the Duty to Warn

The case of Tarasoff v. California Board of Regents (1976) shocked the mental health community by imposing civil liability (i.e., damages and financial compensation) for a psychotherapist's failure to warn an individual of the risk posed by his patient. As a consequence of Tarasoff, many jurisdictions now require mental health professionals to take action if they determine that their patient presents a risk of danger to another person. This requirement has been operationalized in some jurisdictions as a “duty to warn” their patient's potential victim, whereas other jurisdictions have imposed a “duty to protect,” which requires the mental health professional take steps to protect the potential victim(s). Protecting the potential victim might involve warning him or her directly, alerting the authorities, or taking other actions to prevent the harm from occurring (e.g., initiating psychiatric hospitalization). The manner in which courts have applied these legal concepts has varied depending on the specific details of the case and the jurisdiction. Keywords: forensic psychology; confidentiality; involuntary commitment; risk assessment; violence
Clinical and neuroimaging assessments for research studies (including drug trials) in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder causing inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. As the onset of multiple sclerosis is at a young age, it is one of the leading neurological causes of disability. Disease activity and disability can be measured by neurological assessments and by magnetic resonance imaging. The development of standardized assessments has been a very important step in clinical research in MS. Clinical research in MS has led to a better understanding of the disease itself and has resulted in exciting new therapies. The protocols provided in this unit are four basic clinical and neuroimaging assessments commonly used as outcome measures in clinical research studies of MS subjects. These step-by-step instructions may be used by researchers and neurologists in clinical practice to obtain objective measures of MS disease progression and response to treatments. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 54:10.4.1-10.4.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: multiple sclerosis; clinical trials; EDSS; MSFC; MRI
FOCIH: Form-Based Ontology Creation and Information Harvesting

Creating an ontology and populating it with data are both labor-intensive tasks requiring a high degree of expertise. Thus, scaling ontology creation and population to the size of the web in an effort to create a web of data--which some see as Web 3.0--is prohibitive. Can we find ways to streamline these tasks and lower the barrier enough to enable Web 3.0? Toward this end we offer a form-based approach to ontology creation that provides a way to create Web 3.0 ontologies without the need for specialized training. And we offer a way to semi-automatically harvest data from the current web of pages for a Web 3.0 ontology. In addition to harvesting information with respect to an ontology, the approach also annotates web pages and links facts in web pages to ontological concepts, resulting in a web of data superimposed over the web of pages. Experience with our prototype system shows that mappings between conceptual-model-based ontologies and forms are sufficient for creating the kind of ontologies needed for Web 3.0, and experiments with our prototype system show that automatic harvesting, automatic annotation, and automatic superimposition of a web of data over a web of pages work well.