cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of androgen target cells in the rat testis: autoradiographic studies.

Testosterone and 5α-reduced androgens maintain spermatogenesis in hypophysectomized rats (1,2). A specific receptor protein for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone has been demonstrated in testis (3–6), however, the androgen target cells containing these receptors have not yet been identified. In the present study, we used an autoradiographic technique (7), which avoids translocation and diffusion artifacts during tissue preparation. Experiments were carried out to determine whether the accumulation of androgen can be localized to specific types of cells within the testis.
Estimation of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Adults from AAHPER Youth Fitness Test Items

Abstract The validity of estimating maximum oxygen uptake from AAHPER Youth Fitness Test items was determined utilizing 87 adult subjects. Multiple correlations were obtained utilizing the motor fitness items as independent variables. Three dependent variables were investigated for relationship to the independent variables (gross O2 uptake, O2 uptake/kg body wt., O2 uptake/kg lean body wt.). The multiple correlation of the AAHPER items with O2 uptake/kg body wt. (0.760) was higher than with the other two variables. It was determined by multiple regression techniques that a subset of four of the independent variables could be used to get an estimate of O2 uptake/kg body wt. with an associated standard error of ± 12 percent of the estimated values. This was compared with the standard errors of more complicated estimation methods.
Impact of Employment and Age on Quality of Life of Individuals With Disabilities A Multilevel Analysis

The purposes of this study are (a) to explore how people with disabilities (PWD) experience differences in their quality of life (QOL) over the course of their lives, (b) to examine the effect of e...
Development of Research Paper Writing Skills of Poultry Science Undergraduate Students Studying Food Microbiology

Because food and poultry industries are demanding an improvement in written communication skills among graduates, research paper writing should be an integral part of a senior undergraduate class. However, scientific writing assignments are often treated as secondary to developing the technical skills of the students. Scientific research paper writing has been emphasized in an undergraduate course on advanced food microbiology taught in the Poultry Science Department at Texas A& M University (College Station, TX). Students' opinions suggest that research paper writing as part of a senior course in Poultry Science provides students with scientific communication skills and useful training for their career, but more emphasis on reading and understanding scientific literature may be required.
Development of Individual Soldier Patrol for Substation Operation and Maintenance

Considering the heavy workload, inefficiency, easy undetected and high costs in substation operation and maintenance, a type of individual soldier patrol for substation operation and maintenance is developed. This type of individual soldier patrol has the advantage of functional optimization, practical portable and rapid diagnostic, charged detecting instrument can promote and renovate from miniaturization,integration and intelligence. It applies to substation operation and maintenance in Jiangsu Electric Power Company. The application of this individual soldier patrol can increase patrol method of operation personnel, enhance the efficiency and quality of substation operation and maintenance. The equipment found defects in field application, ensuring the network reliable operation.
Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: Why the gut matters

Numerous risk factors for schizophrenia can be reconciled through a common enteric source. These risk factors include systemic and localized inflammation, compromised endothelial barriers, IgG sensitivities to food antigens, exposure to viral and parasitic pathogens, and autoimmunity. The gut in a homeostatic state equates with a functional digestive system, cellular barrier stability and properly regulated recognition of self and non-self antigens, as managed by a complex community of resident microbes. Our studies address how environmental and genetic factors relate to GI dysfunction, impact the resident gut microbiota and result in dysregulation of processes in the host central nervous system. We hypothesize that disturbance to GI equilibria activates peripheral immune factors including complement pathway components that function in synaptic pruning. We evaluate these issues with peripheral immune biomarkers and deep sequencing in a number of case-control psychiatric cohorts that include antipsychotic-naive individuals. Although certain medications and lifestyle factors might affect GI functioning, our findings support a GI pathology inherent to the schizophrenia disease process and a role for the gut-brain axis in complex brain disorders. The identification of those individuals affected by GI-related risk factors will enable appropriate and individualized treatments to be designed and tested for efficacy of both gut and brain-related symptoms.
Food avoidance by women at risk for recurrence of breast cancer.

Abstract Background. This cross‐sectional study examined self‐reported restriction of foods by middle‐aged and older women at risk for breast cancer recurrence, who were participating in an intervention study, and by women without breast cancer. Methods. Data examined were height, weight, dietary intake, and avoidance of specific food types in women with breast cancer (n = 56) and a comparison group of women without breast cancer (n = 51). Data were analyzed with t‐tests and chi‐square analysis. Results. The broad food categories of meat, dairy foods, and sweets were restricted by women both with (53%, 74%, and 62%, respectively) and without breast cancer (47%, 63%, and 63%, respectively). Significantly more women with breast cancer avoided cakes, butter, and milk, compared with women without breast cancer (p 75% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for many nutrients; however, mean consumption for calcium was <75% of the RDA for the two groups...
Pancreatic cancer: Continuing diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma

A comprehensive diagnostic strategy is presented for evaluating patients suspected of having cancer of the pancreas. Various therapeutic options for either cure or palliation are reviewed in detail. The goals are to provide expeditious diagnosis and therapy, palliate symptoms effectively, extend useful survival, and minimize cost and suffering to the patient with cancer of the pancreas.
[Epidemiology of hepatitis E in Fujian province, 2004-2010].

戊型病毒性肝炎(戊肝)是由戊肝病毒(HEV)引起的一种以肝损害为主的急性肠道传染病.为了解福建省戊肝流行病学特征,现将2004-2010年全省戊肝疫情特征报告如下. 关键词：戊型病毒性肝炎;流行病学
Aging: a challenge to science, society, and the individual.

The author presents a summary of the nature of the scientific, social, and individual challenges and some of the successes and failures in meeting them. Also presented are some optimistic and perhaps “futuristic” predictions of whether our responses to these challenges will be successful two or three decades from now.
Reducing mental illness stigma: Effectiveness of hearing about the normative experiences of others.

Mental illness stigma is both prevalent in our society and has serious negative consequences for persons with mental illness. The current study examined whether an intervention involving indirect contact with friends and family of individuals with mental illness could reduce stigma toward mental ill
The Material Point Monte Carlo model: A discrete, off-lattice method for microstructural evolution simulations

Abstract A new kinetic Monte Carlo model, termed the Material Point Monte Carlo (MPMC) method, is developed to simulate microstructural evolution under a variety of driving forces. The MPMC operates on a spatially random set of discrete material points; at each time step, points are relocated and their material data are updated according to a statistical mechanics scheme. Because material points are randomly distributed, and remain so under affine deformations, the MPMC eliminates artifacts of the simulation grid that occur in lattice-based methods such as the Monte Carlo Potts model. For model systems the MPMC is verified to correctly reproduce grain boundary motion caused by bulk and interfacial driving forces. It is then applied to larger and more complex problems, including grain growth during plastic deformation.
Systems, Design, and Entrepreneurial Thinking: Comparative Frameworks

The philosophies of design thinking, entrepreneurial thinking, and systems thinking have widespread application in diverse fields. However, due to the inherently abstract rhetoric and lack of commonly accepted frameworks, these philosophies are often considered buzzwords and fads. This article deconstructs the rhetoric and literature from leaders of these three philosophies and identifies their fundamental tenets. A conceptual framework that captures the differences and convergences between design thinking, entrepreneurial thinking, and systems thinking is presented. A series of four case studies derived from diverse settings like healthcare, agriculture, and social networks further illustrate these interconnections. The article argues that the emergent integration of these philosophies, as captured in the fundamental tenets, presents the most compelling opportunities for the practical application of these theoretical frameworks.
John Taylor, the Self-Made Poet, on Merit and Social Mobility in Mercantile London

This paper explores John Taylor’s fantasy of social advancement and meritocracy in his singular London Lord Mayor’s Show, The Triumphs of Fame and Honour (1634). Taylor defines himself as a self-educated poet and working waterman, and his performance of this identity—the “Water Poet”—constitutes a significant part of his pageant book and heavily influences the themes of his pageant devices. The Triumphs of Fame and Honour presents a distinctive “working class” voice and is not merely an expression of the rampant commercialism typical of the Lord Mayor’s Shows by writers such as Thomas Dekker. Instead, this mayoral show stresses mutability, which it links to temporal merit, to labour and to virtue in its reflection of a London of ordinary craftsmen, who may rise socially and economically by their labour and virtue. Taylor provides an alternative view of London life to that of the wealthy merchant class and the entrenched aristocracy, not revolutionary or subversive, but indicative of the emerging s...
Therapeutic options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections.

In recent years, carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has dramatically increased and represents an important threat to global health. The optimal therapeutic management of carbapenem-resi...
Between a Saint and a Phenomenologist: Hart’s Theological Criticism of Marion

In 2013, the first reader of Jean-Luc Marion’s works appeared, Jean-Luc Marion: The Essential Writings, meticulously edited by his friend and colleague Kevin Hart. Yet, if the appearance of volume marked Marion’s status as France’s most influential living philosopher, Hart’s Kingdoms of God marks the beginning of a systematic theology long in the making. In addition to serving as the prologemenon to his planned systematics, the work also serves to differentiate Hart’s phenomenological theology from Marion’s phenomenology of revelation and doctrine of revelation through the rendering of what Hart calls the basilaic reduction, on the basis of which Hart builds a twofold theological criticism of Marion. He first criticizes Marion’s claim that revelation can gain phenomenological status like ordinary phenomena, and second contests the notion that revelation is always characterized by a saturation that bedazzles its receiver. I explore each thinker’s approach to the relationship between philosophy and theology, using their engagements with the works of Jacques Derrida and Karl Barth as points of comparison in order to contextualize Hart’s theological criticisms of Marion. I conclude by arguing that Hart’s, rather than Marion’s, approach to the relationship between philosophy and theology corresponds to the core concerns of the second generation of the “theological turn” of French phenomenology.
A framework for technology design for emerging markets

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for communities marginalized by economics, social status, infrastructure, or policies. It will discuss design methods, theoretical and conceptual contributions, and methodological engagements for underserved communities. --- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
Intraoperative aberrometry versus preoperative biometry for intraocular lens power selection in axial myopia.

Purpose To compare the accuracy of preoperative biometry-based formulas to intraoperative aberrometry (IA) with respect to predicting refractive outcomes after cataract surgery in short eyes. Setting Private practice and community-based ambulatory surgery center. Design Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods Eyes with an axial length (AL) shorter than 22.1 mm underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The predicted residual refractive error was calculated preoperatively using Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF formulas and intraoperatively using IA. The postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was compared with the predicted SE to evaluate the accuracy of each aforementioned method. Results Fifty-one eyes from 38 patients met criteria to be included in the analysis. Without optimizing the formulas specifically for short eyes, the mean numerical errors (MNEs) associated with Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Hill-RBF, and IA were −0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.30 to 0.13), −0.14 (95% CI, −0.35 to 0.07), +0.26 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.47), +0.11 (95% CI, −0.10 to 0.32), +0.07 (95% CI, −0.14 to 0.28), and +0.00 (95% CI, −0.21 to 0.21), respectively (P Conclusions Intraoperative aberrometry is not significantly different from the best preoperative biometry-based methods available for IOL power selection in short eyes.
Blepharoplasty Effect on a Described Algorithmic Approach to External Ptosis Repair: Is It Time for Unbundling?

Purpose To investigate the effects of performing a previously described algorithmic levator resection for involutional ptosis with a blepharoplasty instead of through a small incision. Methods Eyelids with involutional ptosis and normal levator function were included in the study. An upper blepharoplasty was performed first. An external levator resection was then performed based on a described technique involving 2 mm resection of aponeurosis for 1 mm of desired lift, consistent tension on the aponeurosis between surgical cases, and standardized suture placement. Results Forty-one eyelids of 25 patients were included. Mean postoperative margin to reflex distance 1 (MRD1) was 2.98 mm, which was significantly higher than preoperative MRD1 (0.67 mm), but lower than the predetermined goal MRD1 (3.35 mm). Eight eyelids did not meet primary outcome of MRD1 within 1 mm of goal MRD1, with 5 undercorrections. There was no difference between the postoperative MRD1 compared with the same ptosis technique performed through a small incision only, but there were more intraoperative suture adjustments and fewer eyelids meeting the primary outcome when a concurrent blepharoplasty was performed. Conclusions The addition of blepharoplasty with a previously described algorithmic approach external levator resection has an 80% success rate in achieving the primary outcome. When compared with a small-incision ptosis repair, concurrent blepharoplasty results in a less predictable outcome and an increased need for intraoperative adjustment. Performing an algorithmic technique for external levator resection with a blepharoplasty has less predictable outcomes, which raises the question of separating the procedures to improve patient care.
Abstract 228: CaMKII as a Link Between Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Chronic Isoproterenol and Angiotensin II Treatment

The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase, CaMKIIδ, is an established mediator of the development of heart failure and myocardial injury. Cardiac inflammation has been increasingly recognized as an important player in these cardiac pathophysiological changes. We previously demonstrated that CaMKIIδ contributes to cardiac inflammation induced by ischemia/reperfusion through activation of cardiomyocyte NF-kB. In the current study we ask whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and isoproterenol (ISO), both known to activate CaMKII, promote cardiac inflammation through this protein kinase and its effects on NF-kB activation. In addition, chronic ISO and Ang II treatment promote cardiac fibrosis and we hypothesize that this response is initiated through activation of CaMKIIδ and subsequent inflammatory responses. We report on our recent findings that show attenuated inflammatory cytokine expression (e.g. IL-6, MCP1, and TNFα) in response to 7 days Ang II infusion in mice in which CaMKIIδ is specifically deleted in cardiomyocytes (cardiac specific knockout; CKO). In addition the expression of fibrotic markers (e.g. col1a1, col3a1, and CTGF) in response to Ang II infusion is decreased in the CKO mice. This is associated with attenuated fibrosis as evident in histological analysis of CKO vs WT heart sections. Ongoing studies will compare the effects of chronic ISO and Ang II in CKO and WT mice to determine whether inflammation precedes fibrosis and assess the extent to which apoptosis induced by CaMKII activation plays a part in these responses. Currently, we are determining whether Ang II and ISO act through CaMKII to activate NF-kB in the cardiomyocyte compartment to induce proinflammatory and profibrotic factors and whether preventing the expression of these factors block development of further inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Findings from these studies may implicate CaMKII as a promising therapeutic target for attenuating cardiac fibrosis.
Synthesis of Poly(methylene-b-ε-caprolactone) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) with Linear Alkyl End Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, Phase Behavior, and Compatibilization Efficacy

Diblock copolymers of poly(methylene-b-e-caprolactone) (PM-b-PCL) were synthesized in two steps: (a) polyhomologation, to obtain, following oxidative cleavage of the carbon–boron (PM, block1), an α-hydroxyl-ω-methyl polymethylene (PMOH, CH3–[CH2]m–OH) and, following the transfer reaction to the ring-opening polymerization catalyst, (b) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of e-caprolactone (CL) (PCL, block2). In addition, a series of homopolymers derived from poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) oligoesters containing an end group of docosyl (CH3–[CH2]21– or C22; C22–PCL) were obtained as a model to compare their physical properties by DSC with those of PM-b-PCL. The oligomers derived from PM-b-PCL and C22–PCL were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, AFM, DSC, GPC, and MALDI-TOF. PM-b-PCL and C22–PCL were evaluated as compatibilizers for PE/PCL polymer blends. Identification and analysis of optimized blocks of PM-b-PCL by POM and SEM showed improved mixing of PE/PCL blends.
A Regional Technology Roadmap to Enable the Adoption of CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater: A Case from the Pacific Northwest, USA

Abstract The quest for home energy products that would reduce electricity bills, avoid kilowatt-hours of electricity generation, and minimize carbon footprint has sparked the innovation of many energy efficient technologies. The CO2 heat pump water heater (HPWH) is one such innovation led by Japan, the technology leader of the Pacific Rim. The product was developed over the last decade, and many countries have configured the technology to local needs due to the benign nature and high efficiency potential of the technology. However, CO2 HPWH has yet to enter the Pacific Northwest market. Hence, a detailed roadmap needs to be outlined for the replacement of the existing less efficient water heaters and the integration of the CO2 HPWH technology in the region. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), has been relentlessly working towards energy efficiency as one of its many community outreach programs. The CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater is one of a kind project initiated by the BPA in collaboration with the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA). With guidance from experts at BPA, NEEA, the Energy Trust of Oregon, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and other stakeholders, an “action plan” has been developed focusing on CO2 refrigerant technologies for heat pump water heater applications. The project identifies where opportunities exist in the coming years for specific actions to be taken in the areas of emerging technologies research, utility program development, market research, and related activities to help increase regional adoption of these energy-efficient systems. The roadmap has given some interesting insights. Projects are undertaken for improving the efficiency of components and equipment technology. Extensive testing and measure development initiatives are headed towards facilitating enactment of law or regulation. However, cost is one of the most important aspect in adoption of the technology and utilities and other stakeholders needs to come forward in incentivizing the project.
Jealousy, shame, and the rival

This essay is a critique of the two chapters on jealousy in Jerome Neu's book A Tear is an Intellectual Thing. The rival — as anobject of both fear and hatred — is of central importance in romantic jealousy, but it is here argued that the role of the rival cannot be fully understood in Neu's account of jealousy and that shame (not noted by Neu) must be seen as central to the concept of jealousy if the role of the rival is to be fully understood.
Variations of the Moist Static Energy Budget of the Tropical Indian Ocean Atmospheric Boundary Layer

AbstractThe atmospheric circulation depends on poorly understood interactions between the tropical atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and convection. The surface MSE source (130 W m−2, of which 120 W m−2 is evaporation) to the tropical marine BL is balanced by upward MSE flux at the BL top that is the source for deep convection. Important for modeling tropical convection and circulation is whether MSE enters the free troposphere by dry turbulent processes originating within the boundary layer, or by motions generated by moist deep convection in the free troposphere. Here, highly resolved observations of the BL quantify the MSE fluxes in approximate agreement with recent cloud-resolving models, but the fluxes depend on convective conditions. In convectively suppressed (weak precipitation) conditions, entrainment and downdraft fluxes export equal shares (60 W m−2) of MSE from the BL. Downdraft fluxes are found to increase 50%, and entrainment to decrease, under strongly convective conditions. Variable entrainm...
Hindu Buying/Hindu Being: Hindutva Online and the Commodity Logic of Cultural Nationalism

(2003). Hindu Buying/Hindu Being: Hindutva Online and the Commodity Logic of Cultural Nationalism. South Asian Review: Vol. 24, Globalization and Diaspora, pp. 161-179.
Palliative Care in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Patients with critical illness or injury deserve excellent symptom management, psychosocial support, and expert guidance in decision-making. Palliative care addresses the needs of patients and families at all stages of serious illness, including at the end of life or alongside life-prolonging treatments. All physicians should be comfortable providing primary palliative care to critically ill patients and engaging in shared decision-making. Surgeons can use structured communication tools to conduct patient-centered goals of care discussions and to facilitate provision of treatment recommendations that align with patient values. Specialized palliative care teams can support surgical teams in delivering high-quality care by addressing potentially unfamiliar issues such as existential suffering, spiritual unrest, and challenging family dynamics. Surgeons have a responsibility to prioritize patient autonomy within the context of serious illness and to ensure avoidance of unwanted burdensome treatments at the end of life.
Novel interferometric hyperspectral imaging instruments for remote-sensing applications

Harris is currently developing different types of imaging hyperspectral instruments for CubeSat and other small satellite applications. All of these instruments utilize Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) interferometer technology, which has been proven on larger space instruments for NASA and NOAA. Most of these instruments are aimed at remote sensing of the earth from low orbit. One example is HyperCube™, which is a hyperspectral mid-wave infrared (MWIR) instrument compatible with 6U CubeSats capable of collecting vertical moisture profiles and three-dimensional winds in the earth’s atmosphere. Another example is Harris’ HyperStare, which is a larger-aperture imaging FTS instrument that provides improved sensitivity and spatial resolution for detection of trace greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This paper will provide design summaries and performance capabilities of each of these new instrument types. It will also discuss Harris’ newly developed ground station capability for operating small constellations of small satellites. In addition, new FTS technologies that may be suitable for future small satellites will be discussed.
Behavior and Therapeutic Efficacy of β-Glucuronidase–Positive Mononuclear Phagocytes in a Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is relatively effective for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases. To better understand the contribution of specific hematopoietic lineages to the efficacy of BMT, we transplanted beta-glucuronidase-positive mononuclear phagocytes derived from either the peritoneum or from bone marrow in vitro into syngeneic recipients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII). Cell surface marking studies indicate that the bone marrow-derived cells are less mature than the peritoneal macrophages. However, both cell types retain the ability to home to tissues rich in cells of the reticuloendothelial system after intravenous injection into MPS VII mice. The half-life of both types of donor macrophages is approximately 7 days, and some cells persist for at least 30 days. In several tissues, therapeutic levels of beta-glucuronidase are present, and histopathologic analysis demonstrates that lysosomal storage is dramatically reduced in the liver and spleen. Macrophages intravenously injected into newborn MPS VII mice localize to the same tissues as adult mice but are also observed in the meninges and parenchyma of the brain. These data suggest that macrophages play a significant role in the therapeutic efficacy of BMT for lysosomal storage diseases and may have implications for treatments such as gene therapy.
An Assessment of The Proposed Academy of Marketing Science Code of Ethics for Marketing Educators

The development of a professional code of ethics should provide an explanation of the professional values and principals that guide a body of persons engaged in an important role in society. Most professions find ethical standards of conduct are necessary to codify acceptable behavior to develop public trust, reliability, and consistency in their performance. The proposed AMS Code of Ethics for Marketing Educators is the first step in developing communication, debate, and hopefully, agreement about the social responsibility of the marekting discipline. It is important to note that the AMS code was not developed to punish wrongdoers but to provide a positive guide to help marketing educators understand how their actions may be viewed by society. It is an attempt to establish standards that are collectively viewed as important to the marketing education profession.
New theories in six-dimensions and matrix description of M theory on T**5 and T**5 / Z(2)

Abstract We present four infinite series of new quantum theories with super-Poincare symmetry in six dimensions, which are not local quantum field theories. They have string like excitations but the string is of order one. Compactifying these theories on T5 we find a Matrix theory description of M theory on T5 and on T 5 Z 2 , which is well defined and is manifestly U-duality invariant.
Germline mutations in the bone marrow microenvironment and dysregulated hematopoiesis

The relationship between the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population and its surrounding bone marrow microenvironment is a rapidly evolving area of research. Normal HSC processes rely heavily on a complex communication network involving various marrow niches. Although leukemogenesis largely results from abnormal genetic activity within the leukemia stem cell itself, mounting evidence indicates a significant contributory role played by marrow niche dysregulation. Furthermore, numerous instances of activating or inactivating germline mutations within marrow microenvironment cells have been shown to be sufficient for development of myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, and acute myeloid leukemia, even in the context of wild-type HSCs. Recent evidence suggests that targeting aberrant chemokine production from germline-mutated marrow stromal cells can potentially reverse the process of leukemogenesis. This elaborate interplay between the HSC population and the marrow microenvironment allows for a number of unique clinical possibilities in efforts to induce remission, enhance chemosensitivity, manage relapsed disease, and prevent leukemia development, both in de novo and germline mutation-associated leukemias, including the use of targeted cytokine/chemokine inhibitors, immune checkpoint blockade, CXCR4/CXCL12 axis antagonists, and combined allogeneic HSC and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In this review, we discuss the pathways underlying normal and abnormal bone marrow niche functioning, the relationship between germline mutations in the stem cell microenvironment and dysregulated hematopoiesis, and future clinical perspectives that may be particularly applicable to prevention and treatment of germline-associated leukemias.
Technical Note: The design, construction, and evaluation of a liquid-based single phantom solution for TG128 brachytherapy ultrasound QA.

Purpose Since the publication of the AAPM TG128 report for the quality assurance (QA) of prostate brachytherapy ultrasound systems, no commercially available phantoms have been developed which satisfy all of the task group recommendations. Current solid phantoms require a separate user-implemented setup using a container with liquid medium to evaluate the alignment between the needle template and the electronic grid, a test of geometric accuracy with critical implications in dosimetric quality. Utilizing a 3D printer, we constructed a cost-effective, liquid-based phantom that provides a complete TG128 solution which improves the efficiency of brachytherapy ultrasound QA. Methods The TG128 report was used to guide the design process of the liquid-based phantom. The needle template and electronic grid alignment setup served as the foundation with specific components developed to integrate all remaining tests. Water was chosen as the liquid medium, with speed of sound adjusted to 1,540 m/s via salinity per the task group recommendations. The proof of concept was evaluated by comparing the time stamps labeled on QA images between the liquid-based phantom and a commercially available one for both a new and experienced user. Results A TG128 QA trial run demonstrated that all recommended tests can be completed with the single phantom setup. Evaluation of the time data revealed a total QA duration of 45 min (average of two trials) with the liquid-based phantom, compared to 70 and 90 min with the commercial phantom for a new and experienced user. Conclusions The liquid-based phantom is specifically designed to satisfy the recommendations of the TG128 report. The incorporation of 3D printing allows simple design modifications to adapt the phantom on-the-fly if needed. The resulting product improves the efficiency of brachytherapy ultrasound QA by eliminating the need for multiple phantom setups.
Comparison of Cost Center-Specific vs Hospital-wide Cost-to-Charge Ratios for Operating Room Services at Various Hospital Types.

This analysis estimates differences associated with using general hospital-wide cost-to-charge ratios vs cost center–specific cost-to-charge ratios for operating room services and discusses whether this bias varies by hospital type.
Archaeological Encounters: The Role of the Speculative in Decolonial Archaeology

This article reorients archaeology’s approach to things by acknowledging the moment of the encounter with the past as one of speculation. Years of scientific claim, research design and methodology place the agentive nature of research in the hands of the archaeologist: we go to the site to find the past. However, if we acquiesce to the possibility that antiquity approaches the archaeologist (rather than vice versa), then that forces us to contend with the contemporary nature of the encounter. This article considers the efficacy, urgency, and poetics of decolonization.
DNA nanotechnology approaches for microRNA detection and diagnosis

MicroRNAs are involved in the crucial processes of development and diseases and have emerged as a new class of biomarkers. The field of DNA nanotechnology has shown great promise in the creation of novel microRNA biosensors that have utility in lab-based biosensing and potential for disease diagnostics. In this Survey and Summary, we explore and review DNA nanotechnology approaches for microRNA detection, surveying the literature for microRNA detection in three main areas of DNA nanostructures: DNA tetrahedra, DNA origami, and DNA devices and motifs. We take a critical look at the reviewed approaches, advantages and disadvantages of these methods in general, and a critical comparison of specific approaches. We conclude with a brief outlook on the future of DNA nanotechnology in biosensing for microRNA and beyond.
Conclusion: A Re-evaluation of Institutionalized Health Care

The final chapter emphasizes the need for a re-evaluation of institutionalized health care. Drawing from the chapters described above, the benefits of institutionalizing community-based health projects are illustrated. To the extent that community-based efforts are described as substantially different from conventional health practices, health institutions must be conceptualized and operationalized to preserve the intentions of communities. Furthermore, an entirely new ethic of health care must be promoted. In short, a careful examination of how community-based projects can be institutionalized has the prospect for advancing effective strategies for community health planning.
Updates on the Genomics of Bladder Cancer and Novel Molecular Taxonomy.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the bladder that encompasses a wide spectrum of histopathologic features and various molecular alterations and subtypes, responsible for its significant morphologic and genomic heterogeneity. Morphologically, in addition to classic U
Deformation of Chemically Heterogeneous Interfacial Layers of Polymer Nanocomposites

Dynamics of entangled interfacial polymer layers around nanoparticles determine the linear rheological properties of polymer nanocomposites. In this study, the nonlinear elastic properties of nanoc...
Risk of Pesticide-Related Health Effects: An Epidemiologic Approach

Members of the public are concerned about developing cancer or other serious illnesses such as neurological disorders as a result of exposure to pesticides. Such public concerns may lead, through political processes, to decisions to restrict pesticide usage. Sometimes decisions are made which would not be made were the ignorance of the members of the public replaced by scientific knowledge. Sometimes government regulators are induced to make judgments about the potential danger of specific pesticides in the absence of scientific knowledge supporting those specific claims (Doll, 1991). In the past, decisions regarding prevention of disease have sometimes been made which, while not based on rigorous science, have met with some degree of success. Included among these are decisions referred to in the Bible regarding sanitary encampments and diet. Also included are the adoption in the 19th century of sanitary measures in London (Dubos, 1959). Nonetheless, it is reasonable to expect that decisions of this sort, based on intuition, will not lead to consequences which are best overall. In this paper I describe briefly an epidemiologic approach to determining whether pesticides are causing illness or injury. This approach is contrasted with other less-rigorous approaches and various studies are cited which illustrate these approaches. I conclude that epidemiological studies should be undertaken in an effort both to understand the etiology of agricultural illnesses and to determine such steps as are warranted to prevent such illnesses.
Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm following cesarean section; a case report

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon cause of vaginal bleeding that can occur after cesarean, hysterectomy, myomectomy, uncomplicated vaginal delivery, as well as gynecologic surgery. A 29-year-old woman (G4P1122) who underwent stat cesarean section and intrauterine device placement was found to have a 1.6-cm left uterine artery pseudoaneurysm on follow-up ultrasound. The patient presented to interventional radiology for angiography and uterine artery embolization to minimize the risk of spontaneous hemorrhage. This is the rare reported case, to our knowledge, of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm associated with a recent cesarean section. Computed tomography angiogram, with multiplanar and maximal intensity projection images, can optimally display the pseudoaneurysm and the feeding vessel, which can provide valuable information for image-guided catheter embolization.
Ultra-high arsenic adsorption by graphene oxide iron nanohybrid: Removal mechanisms and potential applications.

Abstract Iron (Fe)-based adsorbents have been promoted for aqueous arsenic adsorption because of their low cost and potential ease of scale-up in production. However, their field application is, so far, limited because of their low Fe use efficiency (i.e., not all available Fe is used), slow adsorption kinetics, and low adsorption capacity. In this study, we synthesized graphene oxide iron nanohybrid (GFeN) by decorating iron/iron oxide (Fe/FexOy) core-shell structured iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via a sol-gel process. The deposition of FeNPs on GO for the nanohybrid (GFeN) improves Fe use efficiency and arsenic mobility in the nanohybrid, thereby improving the arsenic removal capacity and kinetics. We achieved removal capacities of 306 mg/g for As(III) and 431 mg/g for As(V) using GFeN. Rapid reduction (>99% in
Surface Modifications for Improved Delivery and Function of Therapeutic Bacteria

Live therapeutic bacteria (LTBs) hold promise to treat microbiome-related diseases. However, few approaches to improve the colonization of LTBs in the gastrointestinal tract exist, despite colonization being a prerequisite for efficacy of many LTBs. Here, a modular platform to rapidly modify the surface of LTBs to enable receptor-specific interactions with target surfaces is reported. Inspired by bacterial adhesins that facilitate colonization, synthetic adhesins (SAs) are developed for LTBs in the form of antibodies conjugated to their surface. The SA platform is nontoxic, does not alter LTB growth kinetics, and can be used with any antibody or bacterial strain combination. By improving adhesion, SA-modified bacteria demonstrate enhanced in vitro pathogen exclusion from cell monolayers. In vivo kinetics of SA-modified LTBs is tracked in the feces and intestines of treated mice, demonstrating that SA-modified bacteria alter short-term intestinal transit and improve LTB colonization and pharmacokinetics. This platform enables rapid formation of an intestinal niche, leading to an increased maximum concentration and a 20% improvement in total LTB exposure. This work is the first application of traditional pharmacokinetic analysis to design and evaluate LTB drug delivery systems and provides a platform toward controlling adhesion, colonization, and efficacy of LTBs.
Demographic Variation in the Use of Prazosin for Treatment of Sleep Disturbance in Combat Veterans with PTSD.

Objectives Off-label use of prazosin for posttraumatic stress disorder-related sleep disturbances (PTSD-SD) is widespread in Veterans Health Administration (VA) settings, but clinical trials have had mixed results. Trial criteria may exclude significant sub-groups, and therefore a 2018 study may not provide the final evidence of prazosin efficacy for PTSD-SD. This study analyzed correlates of prazosin use in Vietnam era (VNE) and Operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) cohorts to illustrate patterns of usage in this heterogeneous population. Method Data extracted on patients with PTSD-SD prescribed prazosin in 2015 described the proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥ 80% and daily dose ≥ 6 mg (therapeutic target dose) over the next 12 months. Results Both VNE (n = 41,365) and OEF/OIF (n = 62,984) cohorts had high rates of comorbidity (N = 104,349; 46% hypertension, 22% alcohol use disorder, 14% drug use disorder). Adherence and dosing were low: 19% of veterans achieved PDC ≥ 80%; 7% achieved ≥ 6mg/day (average 2.6 mg/day). In covariate-adjusted models, VNE veterans had better adherence, VNE women had lower rates of therapeutic dosing, and minority race/ethnicity was a strong risk factor for non-adherence. PDC correlated inversely with alcohol/drug disorders. Conclusion Prazosin is prescribed for PTSD-SD to a diverse clinical population with multiple comorbidities and concurrent medications and is characterized by poor adherence and sub-optimal dosing. Future work should clarify the efficacy of prazosin for subgroups of veterans with PTSD-SD, notably women and racial/ethnic minorities.
Engineering the Microbiome to Prevent Adverse Events: Challenges and Opportunities.

In the past decade of microbiome research, we have learned about numerous adverse interactions between the microbiome and medical interventions such as drugs, radiation, and surgery. What if we cou...
Transformation Temperature Predictions Through Computational Intelligence for NiTi-Based Shape Memory Alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of metallic compounds that can return to their original forms, shapes, or sizes, when subjected to environmental stimuli, such as temperature and magnetic fields. Due to their unique shape memory effects and pseudoelasticity, SMAs, particularly NiTi-based ones, are of great interest in structures and composites, electronics, automobiles, biomedicine, and robotics. To tailor phase transformation temperature for practical applications, chemical substitutions have been extensively investigated and utilized. However, with multiple elements substituting for Ni, the correlation between the composition and transformation temperature is not elucidated but only the general trend is revealed with limited doping situations. In this study, we develop the Gaussian process regression model to find statistical correlations between NiTi-based SMAs’ transformation temperature ( $${T_{p}}$$ ) upon heating and nine pertinent physical parameters of alloying elements. More than 50 samples, with Ni partially substituted by one to three elements, are explored for this purpose. The modeling approach shows a high degree of stability and accuracy that contributes to low-cost $${T_{p}}$$ estimations.
Youth as Temporary Workers Abroad: The Experiences of Australia, Canada and New Zealand

As globalization reshapes labour markets, young people increasingly look abroad for opportunities to pursue work and training, develop their careers and find the best way forward for their future. Government schemes in place in Australia, Canada and New Zealand cater to these young people by providing visas that often blend work, study and travel. These temporary migration programmes address labour shortages in the regional and sectoral economies of Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and have led to dramatic growth in temporary labour migration (Hugo 2006; Lovelock and Leopold 2008; Spoonley and Bedford 2012; Gross and Schmitt 2012). Youth seeking temporary work abroad can hence pursue a variety of entry points, including working holiday visas, temporary graduate visas, post-graduation work permits and student visas with lax regulations on participation in the labour market.
Deposition of Tungsten Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Dispenser Cathodes

Dispenser cathodes have attracted attention in both industrial and academic research for a long time, due to their application as high-brightness electron sources. Since most modern cathodes utilize tungsten as the base material, it is useful to investigate how novel forms of tungsten can influence a cathode. In the present study, nanoscale tungsten particles were generated by physical vapor deposition and deposited onto substrates, to gauge the effectiveness of generating a tungsten coating that can enhance electron emission. These nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tungsten particles formed a continuous nanoporous structure, along with discrete larger particles on the substrate.
How Does Basic Research in Cancer and AIDS Approach the Concern for Quality of Life

Fundamental studies of cancer and AIDS are primarily directed at understanding and resolving the pathologic processes. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the anti-cancer or anti-viral treatments developed must also consider the well-being of the patient. Measurements of quality of life, such as physical energy and mental function, need to be appreciated. For example, long-term survivors of Hodgkin’s disease therapy can have substantial cognitive loss (1). Surgery for prostate cancer can lead to marked morbidity in the patient. In some cancer studies, physical well-being has been found predictive of survival, independent even of the tumor response to therapy (2). Feeling well or being in control of your health may in fact amplify the effectiveness of treatment by using the potential influence of the brain on the endocrine and immune systems and thus the pathologic process (see below).
Reflecting the Past and Shaping the Future: A Study of Adolescent Schemas and Exposure to Community Violence

REFLECTING THE PAST AND SHAPING THE FUTURE: A STUDY OF ADOLESCENT SCHEMAS AND EXPOSURE TO COMMUNITY VIOLENCE By Monique Vulin Reynolds, B. A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Chair: Albert D. Farrell, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology Exposure to community violence is a pervasive problem among urban youth and has been associated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders. The mechanisms through which exposure to community violence impacts adolescent adjustment are unclear. A change in adolescent schemas has been proposed as a mechanism through which the impact occurs. The goals of this study were to develop a measure of relevant adolescent schemas and examine their relation to exposure to community violence. A sample of 320 5th and gth graders were assessed and confirmatory factor analyses of the measure supported a three factor model, including self-schemas, world schemas and use of violence schemas. Exposure to community violence, including victimization and witnessing violence, was associated with more negative adolescent schemas. Witnessing violence and victimization had distinct relations with schemas highlighting the need to examine these types of exposure independently. Overall, this study provides preliminary support for the importance of studying adolescent schemas within the context of community violence. The measure developed represents an initial step in this process given what is available in the literature. However, additional work on the measure is needed to ensure that it accurately samples the schema domains that are relevant for youth in this context.