cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building an effective therapeutic alliance: competence, trustworthiness, and caring

Patient counseling and pharmaceutical care require much more than the provision of information. They require a commitment on the part of the pharmacist to the well-being of the patient. They also require the formation of a therapeutic alliance. Patients are not likely to tell pharmacists about problems they have in managing their drug therapy if they believe they will be judged or scolded for nonadherence. Patients must feel safe enough to present problems or ask questions. In responding to how patients manage their illnesses and interpret the pharmacists' instructions, pharmacists must treat each patient as unique. Pharmacists must develop a flexible system of response. What is comforting to one patient might be frightening to another. By developing a flexible system of response, pharmacists will be able to treat patients more effectively. There are no right or wrong answers, only those that work. A pharmacist's basic understanding and true desire to care for the patient will increase the number of successful responses.
Understanding Market Orientation Among Small Businesses in Rural Ghana

The challenges imposed by developing and emerging markets in marketing strategy formulation have long been the concern of marketing scholars (Kotler 2000; Schultz 2006), Some countries in the region, such as Ghana, are making strides toward more democratic governance (Whitfield 2005), While the Ghanaian marketplace is a potentially fruitful research domain it is also no doubt challenging. While review of the extant literature reveals an increasing interest in the adoption of market orientation concepts for managerial application in sub-Saharan African market settings, the small business domain appears overlooked. To that end, the purpose of this paper is to assess the patterns of market orientation within the small business sector in rural Ghana and thus makes a contribution to the marketing literature.
Effects of Continuous Light on Hypothalamic FSH-Releasing Factor and Pituitary FSH Levels in Rats∗:

SummaryThe effects of 21 days of constant illumination on the hypothalamic content of FSH-RF and on pituitary content and concentration of FSH were studied in two groups of intact adult female rats. Control rats were housed under standard light conditions (14 hours of light daily). In the rats under constant light, hypothalamic FSH-RF content was significantly increased whereas pituitary FSH content and concentration remained unchanged. Pituitary and uterine weights were increased, and ovarian weight was decreased. Histological examination of the ovaries of the constant light treated rats showed large numbers of well-developed follicles with few small corpora lutea. The uteri of these rats showed a marked augmentation in vascularity, muscle mass, number of glands in the endometrium, and increased height of the epithelium. These results suggest that constant light stimulates increased release of FSH from the pituitary by increasing hypothalamic production of FSH-RF.
Freshwater ascomycetes: new or noteworthy species from north temperate lakes in Wisconsin

Thirty-one ascomycetes from seven north temperate lakes in Wisconsin are described and illustrated. Among these, one discomycete, Aquadiscula clavispora sp. nov., four pyrenomycetes, Aquadulciospor...
A Sequential Decision Formulation of the Interface Card Model for Interactive IR

The Interface Card model is a promising new theoretical framework for modeling and optimizing interactive retrieval interfaces, but how to systematically instantiate it to solve concrete interface optimization problems remains an open challenge. We propose a novel formulation of the Interface Card model based on sequential decision theory, leading to a general framework for formal modeling of user states and stopping actions. The proposed framework naturally connects optimization of interactive retrieval with Markov Decision Processes and Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, and enables the use of reinforcement learning algorithms for optimizing interactive retrieval interfaces. Simulation and user study experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in automatically adjusting the interface layout in adaptation to inferred user stopping tendencies in addition to user interaction and screen size.
A New Method for Reducing Static Electricity During Paraffin Sectioning

Static electricity interferes with the production of good ribbons of thin paraffin sections. Sections tend to stick to the knife leading to compression, shredding and paraffin sections. Sections ribbon disintegration. the static electricity that builds up is caused by friction between the knife and the tissue block and by the rubbing together of the operator's clothing and sectioning table (Mattheij and Dignum 1975, Bryan and Hughes 1976).
Changes of Lymphocyte Subpopulation and Its Significance in the Children with Kawasaki Disease During Acute Phase

Objective:To investigate the change and significance of lymphocyte subpopulation in the children with kawasaki disease(KD) during acute phase. Method:Two hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed as KD in the hospital were analyzed retrospectively,106 healthy children were chosen as control. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to detect the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation(including CD3+cells、CD3+ CD4+cells、CD3+CD8+cells 、CD16+CD56+cells、CD19+cells)and CD4+/CD8+ratio in the KD patients before treatment and in the healthy children. Result:Compared with healthy control,the percentage of CD19+cells、and CD4+/CD8+ratio in patients with KD increased significantly(P0.01),and the percentage of CD3+CD8+cells、CD16+CD56+cells decreased significantly(P0.01),but there were not any significant change about the percentage of CD3+CD4+cells(P=0.24). Based on the standard value of lymphocyte subpopulation in the hospital,there were 199 KD patients who had increased CD19+cells percentage,but only 11 children out of the healthy group had higher CD19+cells percentage(P0.01). Conclusion:There are evident immunity disturbances during the acute phase of KD,these changes including decreased percentage of CD3+CD8+cells,CD16+CD56+cells and elevated CD19+cells percentage might take some role in the KD development,and detecting the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation maybe helpful in the diagnosis of KD from one immunological view.
Why (special agent) Johnny (still) can't encrypt: a security analysis of the APCO project 25 two-way radio system

APCO Project 25 ("P25") is a suite of wireless communications protocols used in the US and elsewhere for public safety two-way (voice) radio systems. The protocols include security options in which voice and data traffic can be cryptographically protected from eavesdropping. This paper analyzes the security of P25 systems against both passive and active adversaries. We found a number of protocol, implementation, and user interface weaknesses that routinely leak information to a passive eavesdropper or that permit highly efficient and difficult to detect active attacks. We introduce new selective subframe jamming attacks against P25, in which an active attacker with very modest resources can prevent specific kinds of traffic (such as encrypted messages) from being received, while emitting only a small fraction of the aggregate power of the legitimate transmitter. We also found that even the passive attacks represent a serious practical threat. In a study we conducted over a two year period in several US metropolitan areas, we found that a significant fraction of the "encrypted" P25 tactical radio traffic sent by federal law enforcement surveillance operatives is actually sent in the clear, in spite of their users' belief that they are encrypted, and often reveals such sensitive data as the names of informants in criminal investigations.
Effects of weaning period length on growth and health of preconditioned, spring-born beef calves originating from the Great Plains. I. Conventional weaning ages1

Spring-born Angus × Hereford calves (n = 433; average initial weight = 229 ± 37 kg) were assigned randomly to treatments that corresponded to a length of time (d) between separation from their dam and transport to a feedlot: 60, 45, 30, 15, or 0 d. Weaning date varied by treatment; transport occurred on a common date and at a common age (220 ± 22 d) for all treatments. Calves were vaccinated against common diseases 14 d before maternal separation and again on the day of maternal separation. Calves were transported < 20 km to a ranch-of-origin weaning facility following separation from dams and penned according to treatment. Calves were fed a complete diet (16.9% CP, 1.21 Mcal of NEg/kg). On a common date, all calves were transported 4 h to a commercial auction market and held for 14 h. They were subsequently transported 1 h to a feedlot. Unweaned calves weighed less (P = 0.02) at transport than weaned calves. Morbidity during the ranch-of-origin weaning period increased quadratically (P = 0.01) as length of the weaning period increased. Transport shrink and receiving morbidity were greater (P = 0.01) in unweaned calves than in weaned calves. Calf BW at the end of receiving was greater (P = 0.01) for weaned than unweaned calves and increased linearly (P = 0.01) as weaning-period length increased. Calf ADG during receiving and finishing were not affected (P ≥ 0.30) by treatment. Preslaughter BW and HCW tended (P = 0.07) to be greater in weaned calves than in unweaned calves but were not different (P ≥ 0.11) among calves weaned for 15, 30, 45, or 60 d before transport. Days on feed decreased linearly (P = 0.01) as length of the pretransport weaning period increased. Conversely, KPH, 12th-rib fat thickness, and USDA YG increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) as pretransport weaning period length increased. Cow BCS change from 60 d before to 60 d after transport of calves increased linearly (P = 0.01) as weaning-period length increased. Cows suckling calves weaned immediately before transport had lesser (P = 0.03) pregnancy rates than cows suckling calves weaned before transport; moreover, pregnancy rate tended to increase linearly (P = 0.09) as the length of preconditioning increased. Under the conditions of our experiment, pretransport weaning periods ≥ 15 d improved the health and performance of calves during feedlot receiving.
Introduction: Catholicism, Sacrilege, and the Modern Gothic

On a first reading, Andrew Marvell’s “Upon Appleton House” appears to be a country-house poem, a popular seventeenth-century genre in which the poet praises the owner through the description of the house. The poem was written between 1650 and 1653, during the period of Marvell’s employment as tutor to the daughter of the retired general Thomas Fairfax. Its overarching theme rests on the identification of the moral integrity and elevated social status of Lord Fairfax with the providential history and grand architecture of Nun Appleton House. However, in trying to incorporate the history of Appleton into his encomium, Marvell quickly found himself entangled in issues of dispossession, questionable heritage, and family drama—the very elements that would come to typify the Gothic genre at the height of its popularity in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. A Cistercian priory dissolved in 1539, Nun Appleton was acquired by the Fairfax family in 1542 as a direct effect of the Dissolution of the Monasteries decreed by Henry VIII in 1536 and gradually implemented over the course of the next five years. By Marvell’s time, the fate of the new Appleton House, which was built in part from the stones cannibalized from the original priory, was a politically charged subject as a result of a rich, century-long tradition of literature on sacrilege and impropriation of church assets. To stress the legitimacy of his patron as rightful owner, Marvell invented a providential version of the history of Appleton based on the idea that the functional shift from nunnery to country house meant a divinely sanctioned removal of corrupt Catholic nuns from a building that could finally live up to its reputation as symbol of purity, integrity, and justice. By grafting this idea onto a dramatized account of ancestry laced with suspicious familial relations, Marvell created in the story of the early sixteenth-century heiress Isabel Thwaites, Thomas Fairfax’s great-great-grandmother, a precursor to the Gothic.
Ansi Committee C-95 Comments On:“Research Needs for Establishing a Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Safety Standard”

ABSTRACTFurther comments and clarifications, and additional specific research needs, are presented with regard to the ANSI C-95 committee report “Research Needs for Establishing a Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Safety Standard,” published in the December 1973 issue of the Journal of Microwave Power 8(3/4), 1973,
Assessing intrusion by the capillary during spatially resolved mass spectrometry measurement

Abstract The impact of the capillary probe of a spatially-resolved mass spectrometer system (SpaciMS) on the measured reactant conversion is reported using propylene oxidation over Pt/Al2O3 washcoated monoliths. The findings suggest that the invasive nature of SpaciMS depends on its configuration and application. Using monoliths with a range of cell densities (100–600 cells per square inch, CPSI), the concentration profiles of propylene sampled with probes of two different outer diameters (170 and 363 μm) are compared with the temperature measured using coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (c-OFDR). The comparison indicates that flow blockage has a negligible effect if the limiting propylene is depleted in the downstream reactor section. Suction by the probe compensates for the blockage for certain combinations of the channel diameter and probe size. In such cases the profile measured by a probe with the larger outer diameter (363 μm) is similar to that measured by a smaller capillary (170 μm). The experiments reveal that the axial position of the probe does not influence the flow profile in a 100 CPSI monolith channel, nor does it affect the amount of flow deflected to surrounding channels for a 600 CPSI monolith. Under some conditions the results are impacted by transverse concentration gradients. Their existence complicates the interpretation of the SpaciMS data. The difference between the location of propylene depletion and temperature maximum provides a useful metric for capturing the collective impacts of flow deflection and transverse gradients. The complexity of the flow, transport and reaction suggests that at least three dimensionless groups are needed to bound the operating regions in which the presence of the probe has minimal impact on the measured concentration.
Advancing Minority Aging Research.

America is undergoing two major demographic transitions that will impact the society. The U.S. Census Bureau (2008) projects that by 2030, one in every five Americans will be 65 and older. By 2050, the population will nearly double from the 2010 population. The fastest growing segment of the population consists of individuals over 85, and by the year 2020, this group will comprise 19% of the elderly population (U.S. Administration on Aging, 2011). As the population ages, the nation will also become more racially and ethnically diverse. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau predicts that the United States will be a ‘‘majority–minority’’ country in the middle of this century (Shrestha & Heisler, 2011). By 2050, it is projected that there will be a decline in the proportion of non-Hispanic Whites but an increase in the proportion of Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2010). As a result, these population projections will yield an increase in the number of racial and ethnic older adults. The implications of these demographic shifts among older adults are profound. Moreover, these shifts require that minority aging be placed at the forefront of research, practice, and policy agendas on the local, state, and national levels.
The Refractory Carbides

This chapter reviews the structural characteristics of the refractory carbides and discusses their classification and general features. Refractory carbides have a high melting point, arbitrarily fixed at > 1800 °C, and have a high degree of chemical stability. Only the interstitial and covalent carbides fulfill these two qualifications. The intermediate and salt-like carbides do not meet one or both of these conditions and cannot be considered as refractory, yet they are important materials. The refractory carbides are hard and wear-resistant, have high melting points, and are chemically inert. In a relatively short time, they have become major industrial materials with numerous applications such as cutting and grinding tools, bearings, textile-machinery components, oxidation-resistant gas burners, and many others. Three general and interrelated atomic characteristics play an essential part in the formation of carbides (and indeed of all compounds): (1) the difference in electronegativity between carbon and the other element, (2) the size of the respective atoms, (3) and the bonding characteristics of these atoms.
Validation of Liquid Chromatographic Methods

Abstract Method-validation experiments are intended to demonstrate that an analytical method will yield acceptable method performance. Several works provide guidance outlining requirements for method validation, and numerous articles demonstrate how to perform LC method validation according to these guidelines. While traditional validation experiments provide useful information about method characteristics, they do not directly address an important feature of an analytical method: agreement of the measured value with the true value. In this chapter, traditional method validation guidance and the associated method characteristics are discussed. In addition, recent approaches that incorporate risk and a more rigorous assessment of method variability are also briefly described.
High temperature nanoprobing application for SRAM soft failure fault isolation

SRAM is a major component in semiconductor industry which often requires extensive and exhaustive method of fault isolation, especially for a non-visual defect in a soft failure mode. For these cases, nanoprobing on CA layer is often performed but there are times when it fails to isolate any defect. One reason may be because the failure only occurs at high temperature test environment. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of high temperature nanoprobing for SRAM soft failure fault isolation. 3 different case studies result from 3 similar SRAM devices which failed at high temperature test environment will be analyzed in this paper.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease, Thrombotic Cardiovascular Events, and Use of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors among Veterans.

Background Contemporary prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events remains unclear in Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) care. Although oral P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12i) are increasingly being prescribed to this patient population, the overall prescription trend for P2Y12i remains unclear. Methods Using national VA corporate warehouse data, we used International Classification of Diseases-9 codes to identify Veterans with CKD, dialysis-dependent CKD, and CV events. VA pharmacy data were used to count P2Y12i prescriptions for the federal fiscal years (FY) 2011 through 2015. Results The period prevalence of Veterans with CKD was 378,233 (6.1%). The point prevalence of CKD increased by 49% from 132,979 (2.30%) in FY11 to 213,444 (3.42%) in FY15. The period prevalence of Veterans with dialysis-dependent CKD was 150,298 (2.4%). In all, 128,703 (56.7%) CV events occurred in Veterans with CKD. Veterans with CKD were given 50.1% of prescriptions for clopidogrel, 49.3% for prasugrel, and 60.4% for ticagrelor. In this patient population, year-to-year increases in P2Y12i prescriptions were observed with a dramatic increase in ticagrelor prescriptions. Conclusion CKD is common among Veterans and its true prevalence is likely being underestimated. The prevalence of dialysis-dependent CKD is higher among Veterans than the non-Veteran US population. CV events are widely co-prevalent and these patients are commonly prescribed P2Y12i. The recent increase in ticagrelor prescriptions in this patient population and large cost differences between the 3 P2Y12i underline the need for future studies to identify the preferred P2Y12i for these patients.
The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators, Vols. I & II. By Lars Hörmander

(1985). The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators, Vols. I & II. By Lars Hormander. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 92, No. 10, pp. 745-749.
Nature of electrical conduction in MoS2 films deposited by laser physical vapor deposition

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films with n- and p-type conductivity are considered to be important for potential use in next generation devices. Laser physical vapor deposition is used in the present work to deposit undoped, niobium (Nb)-doped and tungsten (W)-doped films on sapphire (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2)-n-Si and silicon oxide (SiO2)-p-Si substrates maintained at 600 °C. The films are characterized for the nature of charge carriers, composition, lattice orientation and phonon signature. Results from Seebeck and Hall measurements corroborate to show that all films on sapphire and SiO2-n-Si are n-type whereas films on SiO2-p-Si are p-type with a higher activation energy for conduction. The reasons for the difference in nature of conductivity in the films are investigated. Sulfur deficient films are predominantly n-type; however, the presence of adsorbed oxygen and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in the films on SiO2-p-Si is found to be responsible for p-type conductivity.
Application of IETS to Surface Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis

A brief review is given of Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy (IETS) as it is applied to investigations both of surface chemical phenomena as well as heterogeneous catatlysis. The use of IETS to probe the vibrational structure of admolecules is compared with alternate electron scattering methodologies, namely, Field Emission Energy Distribution (FEED) measurements and Inelastic Electron Scattering Spectroscopy (IESS). Both the advantages and the disadvantages of each type of measurement are emphasized.
Review of Probability

In this section, we will review some basic principles of probability and introduce terminology and notation that will be used throughout the book. In the process, we will derive Bayes’ rule for discrete events, which we have already applied in Chap.1.
It’s Important to Go to the Laboratory: Malte Ziewitz Talks with Michael Lynch

Why would anyone still want to go to the laboratory in 2018? In this interview, Michael Lynch answers this and other questions, reflecting on his own journey in, through, and alongside the field of science and technology studies (STS). Starting from his days as a student of Harold Garfinkel’s at UCLA to more recent times as editor of Social Studies of Science , Lynch talks about the rise of origin stories in the field; the role of ethnomethodology in his thinking; the early days of laboratory studies; why “turns” and “waves” might better be called “spins”; what he learned from David Edge; why we should be skeptical of the presumption that STS enhances the democratization of science; and why it might be time to “blow up STS”––an appealing idea that Malte Ziewitz takes up in his reflection following the interview.
Developmentally Appropriate Long-Term Care for People with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

Steven H. Zarit, PhD, is Professor and Head of the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. He may be reached at Henderson S-110, University Park, PA 16802; by telephone at (814) 865-5260; and via e-mail at z67@psu.edu. Allison M. Reamy, is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University.
Waste Glycerol Addition to Reduce AMD Production in Unsaturated Mine Tailings

A 20 month long column study was conducted to evaluate the surface application of waste glycerol (WG) to reduce release of acid mine drainage constituents from mine tailings. Beneficial characteristics of the WG include high aqueous solubility, high organic content, and high alkalinity. Four columns were packed with fine-grained sulfide rich tailings and incubated in the field under ambient temperature and precipitation conditions. In the two replicate untreated control columns, diffusion of oxygen into the tailings resulted in large increases in dissolved iron, sulfate, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and hot acidity with an associated drop in pH. In the two replicate treated columns, WG was blended into the top 0.18 m of tailings 7 months after the columns were established, resulting in large reductions in iron, sulfate, hot acidity, aluminum, copper, and manganese. Observed pollutant reductions resulted from a combination of processes including: (a) neutralization of acidity by the KOH present in the WG (b) reduction of SO4 to H2S with subsequent precipitation of dissolved metals, and potentially (c) consumption of oxygen, slowing oxidation of the tailings.
Challenging the Conventional Understanding of American Poverty

Rates of poverty in the United States are among the highest in the industrialized world. It is argued that a fundamental reason for this has been the traditional way we have conceptualized the issue of poverty—as largely the fault and responsibility of the individual, which in turn, has led to a lack of social and political will to address the problem. This chapter argues that in order to effectively address the issue of poverty, a fundamental change must occur in terms of how poverty is understood. Three key changes are discussed as part of such a shift. First, there is a need to recognize that poverty affects us all, rather than seeing it as germane to someone else. Second, poverty is largely the result of failings at the economic and political levels, rather than at the individual level. And third, the moral ground on which poverty should be understood is one of injustice and the need for social change, rather than that of individual blame. It is argued that these represent important building blocks on which to challenge and confront the paradox of poverty amidst plenty.
Exercise and Cognitive Training as a Strategy to Improve Neurocognitive Outcomes in Heart Failure: A Pilot Study.

ABSTRACT Objective Mild cognitive impairment, especially memory loss, is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and contributes to poor clinical outcomes and higher mortality. Methods This study evaluated a combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training (EX/CT) program on memory, executive function, attention, processing speed and reaction time compared to exercise only or a usual care attention control (UCAC) stretching and flexibility program. Participants completed a standardized neurocognitive battery at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months along with demographic, clinical, and functional capacity (6-minute walk test). A linear mixed model analysis was used with comorbidity as a covariate. Results Sixty-nine participants were enrolled, the mean age was 61 ± 10 years, 54% were women, 55% were African American, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction percentage was 35 ± 15. A significant group by time interaction for verbal memory was found at 3 months (F [2, 53] = 4.3, p = 0.018) but was not sustained at 6 months in the EX/CT group. Processing speed/attention differed across treatment groups between baseline and 6 months, but improvement occurred among UCAC participants. There were also significant group differences in the 6MWT distance occurring at 3 months (F [2, 52] = 3.5, p = 0.036); however, significant improvement was observed within the EX/CT group only. There were no significant differences in 6MWT in the other groups at 3 or 6 months. Conclusion An EX/CT intervention was associated with improved memory in persons with HF and warrants further investigation in a larger trial. The relationship between functional capacity and cognitive function also needs further study.
A review on controlled vacuum lysimeter design for soil water sampling.

Abstract Measuring water movement in unsaturated soil profile is inherently difficult. Equilibrium Tension Lysimeters have been introduced for collecting representative water samples (in terms of concentration and volume). In this method, suction level in sampler container is adjusted daily with soil matric pressure. Since soil–water tension changes over time, the vacuum level of sampler has to be adjusted accordingly. Automated Vacuum Lysimeters use electronic controllers as well as a set of vacuum sensors to keep the vacuum applied to porous plates in equilibrium with soil matric pressure. Automated Equilibrium Tension Lysimeter has no direct control on matric pressure right above the sampler. Therefore, accuracy of samples is questionable. Controlled Suction Period Lysimeter (CSPL) uses a tensiometer right above water sampler to address this issue. This method seems to be the most reliable method for collecting soil–water samples. However, it has some issues such as low energy efficiency and slow tensiometer response rate. In this review paper, different methods of measuring water movement in unsaturated soil profile are summarized and compared. A low resistance set up and a new controlling algorithm are suggested to significantly increase energy efficiency and accuracy of the system.
Body-Taps: Authenticating Your Device Through Few Simple Taps

To fulfill the increasing demands on authentication methods on the smart mobile and wearable devices with small form factors and constrained screen displays, we introduce a novel authentication mechanism, Body-Taps, which authenticates a device based on the Tap-Code gestures in the form of hand movements captured through the built-in motion sensors. The Body-Taps require a user to set a TapCode as an unlock code for the device by tapping the device on the set anchor points on his or her own body. The target device is authenticated based on two criterion: (1) the user’s knowledge of the set Tap-Code, and (2) the BodyTap gestures measured through the smart device’s built-in motion sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope). Our experiments show that the proposed Body-Taps system can achieve an average authentication accuracy over 99.5% on a dataset comprising of 230 Body-Tap samples from 23 subjects, using Random Forest (RF), Neural Network (NNet), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifiers. Our work yields a light-weight, low-cost, and easy-to-use secure authentication system that requires minimal efforts and offers satisfactory usability.
Photochemistry of Ketones in Solution. Part 80. Irradiation of 3,4-Dimethyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadienone in Methanolic Solutions.

Photolysis of the dimethyltrichloromethylcyclohexadienone (I) in acidic methanol yields the cyclopentenones (II) and (III), together with the compounds (IV) - (XI).
Body Maps of Moral Concerns.

It has been proposed that somatosensory reaction to varied social circumstances results in feelings (i.e., conscious emotional experiences). Here, we present two preregistered studies in which we e...
Toward a theory of Engaged School Leadership: Positive psychology and principal candidates’ sense of engagement and their preparedness to lead engagement

This study explored principle licensure students’ sense of engagement, program effectiveness, and preparedness to lead engagement focused on academic achievement. Data analysis using attributes of ...
Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Uganda

Evidence points to a correlation between perceived social support and children's psychological well-being globally. However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) from multiple sources and children's psychological outcomes. Even fewer studies have examined the relationship between perceived social support from multiple sources and the psychological outcomes of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examines whether PSS from multiple sources (parents/caregivers, teachers, friends and classmates) and family cohesion are independently and collectively associated with the psychological well-being of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS in Uganda. This study used baseline data from a National Institute of Health (NIH)-funded Suubi-Maka (Hope for families) study, conducted in Southwestern Uganda. A total of 346 child-caregiver dyads from 10 comparable primary schools participated in the study. Multivariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine: (1) variations in PSS from multiple sources and family cohesion, and (2) the relationship between PSS, family cohesion and children's psychological outcomes, measured by depression, hopelessness, and self-concept. Controlling for participants' demographic and household characteristics, the combined measure of PSS from multiple sources was positively associated with self-concept (b = .32, 95% CI = .23, .41, p ≤ .001) and negatively associated with hopelessness (b = -.19, 95% CI = -.29, -.09, p ≤ .001) and depressive symptoms (b = -.13, 95% CI = -.23, -.03, p ≤ .01). PSS from parents/guardians and teachers was a significant predictor. In addition, family cohesion was positively associated with self-concept (b = .37, 95% CI = .15, .58, p ≤ .001) and negatively associated with depressive symptoms (b = -.36, 95%CI = -.59, -.13, p≤ = .01). Findings indicate that family cohesion and perceived social support, especially from parent/caregivers and teachers were associated with better children's psychological outcomes. In HIV-impacted communities, interventions designed to strengthen family relationships and social support are essential to offset children's psychological well-being.
Understanding the nature of mean-field semiclassical light-matter dynamics: An investigation of energy transfer, electron-electron correlations, external driving, and long-time detailed balance

Semiclassical electrodynamics (with quantum matter plus classical electrodynamics fields) is an appealing approach for studying light-matter interactions, especially for realistic molecular systems. However, there is no unique semiclassical scheme. On the one hand, intermolecular interactions can be described instantaneously by static two-body interactions connecting two different molecules, while a classical transverse $E$ field acts as a spectator at short distance; we will call this Hamiltonian no. I. On the other hand, intermolecular interactions can also be described as effects that are mediated exclusively through a classical one-body $E$ field without any quantum effects at all (assuming we ignore electronic exchange); we will call this Hamiltonian no. II. Moreover, one can also mix these two different Hamiltonians into a third, hybrid Hamiltonian, which preserves quantum electron-electron correlations for lower excitations but describes higher excitations in a mean-field way. To investigate which semiclassical scheme is most reliable for practical use, here we study the real-time dynamics of a minimalistic many-site model---a pair of identical two-level systems (TLSs)---undergoing either resonance energy transfer (RET) or collectively driven dynamics. While both approaches (no. 1 and no. 2) perform reasonably well when there is no strong external excitation, we find that no single approach is perfect for all conditions (and all methods fail when a strong external field is applied). Each method has its own distinct problems: Hamiltonian no. I performs best for RET but behaves in a complicated manner for driven dynamics; Hamiltonian no. II is always stable, but obviously fails for RET at short distances. One key finding is that, for externally driven dynamics, a full configuration-interaction description of Hamiltonian no. I strongly overestimates the long-time electronic energy, highlighting the not obvious fact that, if one plans to merge quantum molecules with classical light, a full, exact treatment of electron-electron correlations can actually lead to worse results than a simple mean-field electronic structure treatment. Future work will need to investigate (i) how these algorithms behave in the context of more than a pair of TLSs and (ii) whether or not these algorithms can be improved in general by including crucial aspects of spontaneous emission.
Improvements in the computational efficiency and convergence of the Invariant Imbedding T-matrix method for spheroids and hexagonal prisms.

The invariant-imbedding T-matrix (II-TM) method is a numerical method for accurately computing the single-scattering properties of dielectric particles. Because of the linearity of Maxwell’s equations, the incident electric field and the scattered electric field can be related through a transition matrix (T-Matrix). The II-TM method computes the T-matrix through a matrix recurrence formula which stems from an electromagnetic volume integral equation. The recurrence starts with an inscribed sphere within the particle and ends with the circumscribed sphere of the particle. For each iteration, a matrix known as the U-matrix is computed with the Gauss Legendre (GL) quadrature, and matrix inversion is subsequently performed to obtain the T-matrix corresponding to the portion of the particle enclosed by the spherical shell. We modify a commonly used scheme to avoid applying the quadrature scheme to discontinuities. Moreover, we apply a new scheme to generate nodes and weights in conjunction with the GL quadrature. This leads to a considerable improvement on convergence and computational efficiency in the cases of hexagonal prisms and spheroids. The basic shapes of ice crystals in the atmosphere are hexagonal columns and plates. The single-scattering properties of hexagonal ice prisms are important to atmospheric optics, radiative transfer, and remote sensing. We demonstrate that the present approach can significantly accelerate the convergence in simulating light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals.
Hospitalization outcomes and racial disparities in cervical cancer patients: An analysis of the national inpatient sample data from 2002 to 2014

Abstract Background Little is known about outcomes in patients after being hospitalized for care of cancer or comorbid conditions and the disparity between African-American and White cervical cancer patients. Methods Using the national inpatient sample (HCUP-NIS) database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project between 2002–2014, we included 5217 African-American and 21,752 White patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of cervical cancer. We examined racial differences in hospitalization outcomes; length of stay (LOS) in hospital, mortality in hospital, post-operative complications in patients who underwent hysterectomy and discharge disposition. Patients were matched on age at primary diagnosis, insurance status, residential region, and median income of residential area, modified Deyo comorbidity index, stage of disease and treatment. Categorical outcomes were analyzed by conditional logistic regression accounting for matched study design and odds ratios (95%CI) were reported. LOS was analyzed using t-test and beta estimate for difference in means was reported. Results The LOS was significantly lower for Whites compared to African-American cervical cancer patients when matched on demographic only (β=-0.41, p-value Conclusion Disparities in hospitalization outcomes in cervical patients are not observed when different characteristics of African-American and White cervical patients are accounted for and matched.
Basic Models of the Atomic Movements Which Lead to Deposition

In order to facilitate the systematic study of the electrocrystallization process it is convenient to make a distinction between “crystal growth”—the cooperative process by which the aggregate of depositing particles build up a new crystal— and that other aspect of the same overall process which may be called “deposition,” i.e., the sequence of events that each ion follows from the moment it arrives in the double layer until it becomes incorporated into the crystal lattice.
Fungal spore diversity, community structure, and traits across a vegetation mosaic

Abstract Fungal communities are structured across time and space by abiotic and biotic factors. We use amplicon-based genetic sequencing techniques to identify unculturable and culturable fungi in airborne spore assemblages across a vegetation mosaic and over the course of a rainy season in coastal California, USA. We found that the assemblages of fungal species varied over time, but with little spatial structure associated with habitat types. For airborne spores collected from different vegetation types, we also measured physical traits that may be important for survival, dispersal, or response to environmental change. We found larger and more elongated spores in dry and structurally open, shrub-like vegetation (chaparral) compared to smaller and rounder spores in wet and structurally closed vegetation (forests). Fungi in chaparral possess spore traits that allow them to persist and disperse in harsh, dry, open conditions. These results are useful for forest and land managers who are interested in restoring habitats with native plant species that are associated with a range of fungal symbionts.
Getting the Message: The Declining Trend in Opioid Prescribing for Minor Orthopaedic Injuries in Children and Adolescents Over the Past 14 Years

Purpose: Opioid addiction has become an American crisis. More than 4,200 teens and young adults (aged 15-24) died from drug related overdoses in 2015; more than half were attributable to prescription opioids. The impact on the health care system is enormous: for every young adult overdose death, there are 119 emergency room visits and 22 treatment admissions. Many opioid addictions begin with a medical prescription for injury or pain. Prevention efforts are now focusing on avoiding the first exposure, particularly in common, minor injuries, when opioids are not needed. In …
Fast laser beam steering into multiple diffraction orders with a single digital micromirror device for time-of-flight lidar

The sampling rate and angular resolution of diffraction-based beam steering employing a digital micromirror device (DMD) can be simultaneously enhanced by at least an order of magnitude by synchronizing multiple nanosecond laser sources and pulses during each DMD actuation. A time-of-flight single-chip DMD lidar with three sources measures a range at a 3.34 kHz sampling rate and a 3.4° angular resolution across a 48° field of view. Employing multiple diffraction orders of the DMD improves the sampling rate at least by a factor of 2 and up to the number of diffraction orders supported by the DMD. An improved sampling rate of 6.68 kHz with a 9.6° angular resolution is experimentally demonstrated by illuminating micromirrors multiple times within a single transition period of the micromirrors.
After Pocahontas: Indian Women and the Law: 1830-1934

The story of Pocahontas, simultaneously celebrated and contained, presents the favored path for Native American women in the newer legal culture: absorption into the Euro-American race and ultimate disappearance of the non-European element. The alternative path was reserved for women whose assimilation did not reach this level of absorption and disappearance but retained their allegiance to both the Indian and white society. Federal and state legislatures and courts marginalized such women, denied them the treaty rights accorded their male companions, and denied them stable marriages, rights of descent, and the power within the family that they had had within Indian culture. As white people and white values encroached ever further into formerly untouched Indian communities, and as the standards for acceptable assimilation grew higher, this second category came to include virtually all Indian women. With few exceptions, no one has studied the ways in which the role of Indian women - as property owners, as wives, as heads of families, as members of their communities - was defined by American law throughout (and even before) the history of the United States. This article attempts to begin to fill this gap. Starting from the federal and state case law of the century preceding the Indian New Deal of 1934, it examines the ways judges and legislators perceived and treated Indian women in the century preceding this watershed in federal Indian law. It concludes with the ways tribes themselves forced Indian women from tribal land or otherwise diminished their power, and the extent to which nontribal policies may have influenced those actions.
Homological stability properties of spaces of rational J–holomorphic curves in ℙ2

In a well known work [11], Graeme Segal proved that the space of holomorphic maps from a Riemann surface to a complex projective space is homology equivalent to the corresponding space of continuous maps through a range of dimensions increasing with degree. In this paper, we address if a similar result holds when other (not necessarily integrable) almost complex structures are put on projective space. We take almost complex structures that are compatible with the underlying symplectic structure. We obtain the following result: the inclusion of the space of based degree–k J –holomorphic maps from P 1 to P 2 into the double loop space of P 2 is a homology surjection for dimensions j 3k 3 . The proof involves constructing a gluing map analytically in a way similar to McDuff and Salamon in [10] and Sikorav in [12] and then comparing it to a combinatorial gluing map studied by Cohen, Cohen, Mann, and Milgram in [3].
Interfacial Characterization of Positive Bias Voltage Degradation in PV Modules

Degradation from high system voltage is a prevailing failure mode in fielded photovoltaic modules, and the degradation mechanism is inherently dependent on the bias polarity. Here we report the effects of positive bias. Modules under positive bias demonstrated a significant photocurrent loss caused by two routes. First, delamination and discoloration of the silicon nitride layer, leading to optical loss determined by reflectance measurements. Second, chemical discoloration of the cell gridlines and encapsulant (EVA), which is linked to an electrochemical reaction at the silver electrodes. Chemical compositional analysis using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy demonstrated that the discoloration is attributed to Ag 2 S and/or Ag 2 O. Evidence of Ag ion migration from the cell grid into the encapsulant is observed after shallow depth profiling on the EVA surface. However, Ag was not detected at the EVA/glass interface, inferring limited Ag ion transport through the EVA. The source of sulfur is believed to be ambient air, which diffused into the module through the breathable backsheet.
Control of Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter and its Capacitor Voltage Balancing

Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (HMMC) is a hybrid converter combined by Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and classic three-level PWM voltage source converter (VSC). Using extra IGBT stacks, HMMC generates a midpoint manually, which can reduce maximum arm voltage stress. Compared to traditional MMC, only half number of sub-module is required for HMMC under same voltage rating. In this way, smaller system volume and weight and higher power density could be achieved. However, its capacitor voltage balance control strategy was not studied in detail. In this paper, the arm voltage balancing scheme based on optimal circulating current is investigated and illustrated. The control target varies according to various arm connection during a fundamental frequency. The simulation and experimental results are also provided to verify the feasibility proposed method.