cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Multiple Factors on the Stability of New Technetium-99m Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals: MAG3, Cardiolite, and CardioTec

During transport, radiopharmaceuticals may break down in radiochemical purity and stability due to various physical conditions. In this study, I examined the effects of air, temperature changes, agitation, and time on technetium-99m (99mTc) mertiatide (MAG3) (Mallinckrodt Medical, St Louis, MO), 99mTc sestamibi (Cardiolite) (Du Pont Radiopharmaceuticals, N. Billerica, MA), and 99mTc teboroxime (CardioTec) (Squibb Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ). Samples of each radiopharmaceutical were subjected to air, high and low temperatures, and agitation in simulated conditions. Quality control procedures were performed on the test samples at different time intervals to determine each radiopharmaceutical’s radiochemical purity and stability. All of the radiopharmaceuticals remained at least 90% radiochemically pure, under all of the conditions. This study demonstrates that MAG3, Cardiolite, and CardioTec remained stable and radiochemically pure under various physical conditions that might be encountered during transport from a commercial nuclear pharmacy.
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors' Perspectives on Their Internet Use for Seeking Information on Healthy Eating and Exercise.

Purpose: To explore adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' internet use in seeking healthy lifestyle behavior (HLB) information on diet and exercise. Methods: Twenty-five AYA cancer survivors participated in focus groups or interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Most survivors (92%) sought HLB information from internet sources. Key issues included the following: (1) too much information available, (2) information not meeting survivors' unique needs, and (3) concerns about trustworthiness of information. Conclusion: Although AYA cancer survivors use the internet to seek HLB information, internet resources could be modified to better meet the needs of AYA cancer survivors.
Disability Scholars as World Disrupters and Worldmakers

This essay is an exhortation for those of us who do disability scholarship, in all of its varieties, to continue to disrupt categories, concepts, and assumptions, and to join larger conversations beyond disability about the shaping of the world.
Study on Customer Experience Dimension Based on Online Shopping reviews of MI’s Products

This study has selected sorts of comments about MI’s products from its customers’ as research objects, then we used the theory of Rooting to analyze those objects, and explored the Customer Experience Dimensions’ type, characteristics and the way to impact others. The results come as follows: First of all, the Customers Experience Dimensions are consisted of nine major categories defined as Value Perception Experience, Sensory Experience, Quality Assurance Experience, Parts Experience, Purchase Experience, Service Experience, Brand Comparison Experience, Compensating Experience, Brand Reliance Experience respectively. Secondly, we put these nine major categories above all to compare the conclusions with the previous research, then we analyzed and integrated them, and finally obtained seven major categories containing Purchasing Website, Product Rendering, Delivery Experience, Transaction Convenience, Safety and Security, Brand Reliance, Marketing Communications respectively. In addition, we have conducted a further investigation to draw three types about the Customer Experience named Function Experience, Purchasing and Service Experience, and Brand Experience. Last but not the least, this paper has definitely provided the basis theory of how does the Customer Experience affect the Brand Loyalty for future research, as well as guided a definite orientation.
Emergency Department (ED), ED Observation, Day Hospital, and Hospital Admissions for Adults with Sickle Cell Disease.

Introduction: Use of alternative venues to manage uncomplicated vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), such as a day hospital (DH) or ED observation unit, for patients with sickle cell anemia, may significantly reduce admission rates, which may subsequently reduce 30-day readmission rates. Methods: In the context of a two-institution quality improvement project to implement best practices for management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) VOC, we prospectively compared acute care encounters for utilization of 1) emergency department (ED); 2) ED observation unit; 3) DH, and 4) hospital admission, of two different patient cohorts with SCD presenting to our two study sites. Using a representative sample of patients from each institution, we also tabulated SCD patient visits or admissions to outside hospitals within 20 miles of the patients’ home institutions. Results: Over 30 months 427 patients (297 at Site 1 and 130 at Site 2) initiated 4,740 institutional visits, totaling 6,627 different acute care encounters, including combinations of encounters. The range of encounters varied from a low of 0 (203 of 500 patients [40.6%] at Site 1; 65 of 195 patients [33.3%] at Site 2), and a high of 152 (5/month) acute care encounters for one patient at Site 2. Patients at Site 2 were more likely to be admitted to the hospital during the study period (88.4% vs. 74.4%, p=0.0011) and have an ED visit (96.9% vs. 85.5%, p=0.0002). DH was used more frequently at Site 1 (1.207 encounters for 297 patients at Site 1, vs. 199 encounters for 130 patients at Site 2), and ED observation was used at Site 1 only. Thirty-five percent of patients visited hospitals outside their home academic center. Conclusion: In this 30-month assessment of two sickle cell cohorts, healthcare utilization varied dramatically between individual patients. One cohort had more hospital admissions and ED encounters, while the other cohort had more day hospital encounters and used a sickle cell disease observation VOC protocol. One-third of patients sampled visited hospitals for acute care outside of their care providers’ institutions.
Stabilization of Glucagon by Trehalose Glycopolymer Nanogels

Trehalose-based nanogels for stabilizing and controlled releasing biomolecules such as glucagons are disclosed. Specifically, trehalose-based nanogels comprise (a) a copolymer comprising first methacrylate units and second methacrylate units, wherein (i) the first methacrylate units comprise trehalose side chains; and (ii) the second methacrylate units comprise disulfide side chains; (b) dithiol cross-linkers; wherein the dithiol cross-linkers cross link the copolymer through the disulfide side chains of the second methacrylate units.
Emotion Norms in Media: Acculturation in Hispanic Children’s Storybooks Compared to Heritage and Mainstream Cultures:

Cultural artifacts such as children’s storybooks may serve to facilitate learning of emotion display norms. We compared emotion displays in European American and Mexican books to infer cultural dif...
Capitalism, Blackness, and Temporal Changes in the Diaspora

Since the 1950’s, there has been a proliferation of scholarship regarding the African Diaspora. While these writing garner different ways of understanding the Black experience, they by no means provide clarity or unanimity on the concept. Defining what the “African Diaspora” actually is, or at least coming up with a broad framework for the work that it does, is an invaluable undertaking because it allows for a more comprehensive, contiguous, and sustainable intellectual enterprise. Because there are so many working definitions, it has been all but impossible to come to a consensus on what is meant. The disjuncture in the theorizing the African Diaspora leads to a series of problematics that relate to time, space, and place that can quite possibly be absolved by using racialized global capitalisms as a frame. The goal of this paper is three-fold. First, it will provide a brief historiography of African Diaspora scholarship to contextualize theories of the African Diaspora. Second it will provide a definition of the African Diaspora that is based on global capitalism and that provides a sustainable and consistent conceptualization of the term. Finally, throughout the paper a common thread will be highlighted that permeates experiences of and in the African Diaspora - the sustained and unrelenting imposition of racialized capitalism that perpetually creates global conditions of abjection for African descendant Blacks. By centering racialized capitalism in the study of the African Diaspora, scholars can begin to map the myriad effects and affect that comprise the histories and presents of Black people.
Low-Dose Radiation Conditioning Enables CAR T Cells to Mitigate Antigen Escape.

CD19 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated great efficacy against a range of B cell malignancies. However, antigen escape and, more generally, heterogeneous antigen expression pose a challenge to applying CAR therapy to a wide range of cancers. We find that low-dose radiation sensitizes tumor cells to immune rejection by locally activated CAR T cells. In a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma heterogeneously expressing sialyl Lewis-A (sLeA), we show that not only sLeA+ but also sLeA– tumor cells exposed to low-dose radiation become susceptible to CAR therapy, reducing antigen-negative tumor relapse. RNA sequencing analysis of low-dose radiation-exposed tumors reveals the transcriptional signature of cells highly sensitive to TRAIL-mediated death. We find that sLeA-targeted CAR T cells produce TRAIL upon engaging sLeA+ tumor cells, and eliminate sLeA− tumor cells previously exposed to systemic or local low-dose radiation in a TRAIL-dependent manner. These findings enhance the prospects for successfully applying CAR therapy to heterogeneous solid tumors. Local radiation is integral to many tumors’ standard of care and can be easily implemented as a CAR conditioning regimen.
On What There Is

Frege’s extensional approach to reference affected his understanding of ontology in two ways: 1) it minimized the importance of his distinction between the complete being of objects and the incomplete being of concepts, and 2) it obscured the role of senses as “modes of presentation,” by making it impossible to regard concepts as senses. Let us first situate the analytic interpretation of ontology within its historical context, next review Frege’s comments on the being of concepts and objects more in detail, then discuss the levelling effect of his extensional approach to reference, and finally consider how that approach encouraged reductive interpretations of the meaning of ‘being’.
Other hormonal therapies and men’s health

Abstract While exogenous testosterone therapy is a very effective treatment for male testosterone deficiency, it carries a significant risk of infertility. Other hormonal, nontestosterone formulations, such as luteinizing hormone agonists, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors, are currently available as alternative therapeutic options. These substances all influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis at different levels of gonadotropin production and not only correct testosterone deficiency but also either preserve or restore fertility potential in affected men. In this chapter, the authors discuss these three classes of commonly used medications, their biochemical mechanisms, hormonal effects, as well as known risks and overall health benefits.
Student-athlete concussion disclosure and coach communication within collegiate athletics

Background: Between 1.6 and 3.8 million sports- and recreation-related concussions occur in the United States annually. Reports indicate that a significant number of athletes who have experienced symptoms of a potential sport-related concussion did not disclose their symptoms. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of coach communication about concussion disclosure on student-athlete intentions to disclose symptoms of a concussion and encourage another student-athlete to disclose their concussion symptoms. Methods: A total of 2881 student-athletes completed a web-based survey during Fall of 2016. Multiple linear regression was conducted to primarily investigate the relationship between coach communication and intentions to disclose concussion symptoms. Secondarily, biological sex, year in school, athletic division, and sport category was also assessed. Results: Coach communication predicted greater intentions to disclose symptoms to their coach, athletic trainer/sports medicine sports medicine staff member and encourage another athlete to disclose their symptoms of a concussion. Biological sex and sport category also predicted intentions to disclose concussion symptoms. Discussion: Findings from this study provide support for the important role coaches play in an athlete’s regarding concussion safety and introduces preliminary evidence suggesting the impact of coach communication on athlete intentions to disclose concussion symptoms to a coach or athletic trainer/sports medicine staff member. Conclusion: Future studies and behavioral interventions ought to consider the inclusion of coach communication or other coach-related variables when exploring concussion disclosure among athletes.
Removal of Dry-Etch-Induced Surface Layer Damage from p-GaN by Photoelectrochemical Etching

A non-thermal method for removal of surface damage created by dry etching has previously been documented or n-GaN, but no such effort has been reported for p-GaN. In this study, Ga-polar p-GaN films were subjected to inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching, creating damage near the surface and causing an inversion of the carrier type and concentration from + 5.5 × 1012 cm−2 to − 8.8 × 1010 cm−2, as measured by Hall effect. An application of the carrier-type-selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching technique using a KOH and K2S2O8 etch chemistry is employed in order to remove etch-face damage and recover the underlying p-GaN. We show the type selectivity of the PEC etching technique, demonstrating electroless etching of n-GaN while no interaction of the same etch chemistry with p-GaN is observed. Further, surface analysis shows that the PEC etch removes a surface layer from dry-etched p-GaN and increases its roughness substantially, from 0.64 nm to 71 nm RMS.
Structural characterization of a polycrystalline epitaxially-fused colloidal quantum dot superlattice by electron tomography

Three dimensional epitaxially-fused colloidal quantum dot (QD) superlattices (epi-SLs) feature exceptional electronic coupling and spatial order and are promising systems for studying the emergence of delocalized states and mini-band charge transport in self-assembled solids. However, energy disorder arising from structural defects and aperiodicity has so far resulted in charge carrier localization and slow hopping transport. Detailed 3D structural characterization is critical for rationally improving epi-SL structural perfection to trigger the formation of mini-bands. Here, we analyze the 3D structure of a 120 × 38 nm disc-shaped region of a PbSe QD epi-SL using full-tilt high-angle annular dark-field electron tomography. The high spatial resolution of the tomographic reconstruction (0.65 nm) enables determination of the center-of-mass coordinates of all 1846 QDs in the sample as well as the size and shape of the thousands of epitaxial connections (necks) between the QDs. The tomogram reveals the detailed crystallography and internal positional disorder of the three SL grains that constitute this sample. A map of the neck network is used to quantify relationships between neck number (the number of necks each QD possesses), average neck diameter, QD location in the film, and the nearest neighbor inter-QD distance and distance distribution. We find a strong positive correlation between neck number and local spatial order, suggesting that future improvements in neck connectivity are likely to simultaneously enhance the overall structural perfection of the epi-SLs. A kinetic Monte Carlo model is employed to estimate the electron mobility of the tomography sample and assess the impact of grain boundaries on charge transport. Our electron tomography study establishes a baseline for the quantitative statistical analysis of structural defects in 3D QD epi-SLs.
Association between history of cancer and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Objectives Cancer survivorship status among patients evaluated for chest pain at the emergency department (ED) warrants high degree of suspicion. However, it remains unclear whether cancer survivorship is associated with different risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared to those with no history of cancer. Furthermore, while HEART score is widely used in ED evaluation, it is unclear whether it can adequately triage chest pain events in cancer survivors. We sought to compare the rate of MACE in patients with a recent history of cancer in remission evaluated for acute chest pain at the ED to those with no history of cancer, and compare the performance of a common chest pain risk stratification score (HEART) between the two groups. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study of chest pain patients presenting to the EDs of three tertiary care hospitals in the USA. Cancer survivorship status, HEART scores, and the presence of MACE within 30 days of admission were retrospectively adjudicated from the charts. We defined patients with recent history of cancer in remission as those with a past history of cancer of less than 10 years, and currently cured or in remission. Results The sample included 750 patients (age: 59 ± 17; 42% females, 40% Black), while 69 patients (9.1%) had recent history of cancer in remission. A cancer in remission status was associated with a higher comorbidity burden, older age, and female sex. There was no difference in risk of MACE between those with a cancer in remission and their counterparts in both univariate [17.4 vs. 19.5%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-1.66], P = 0.67] and multivariable analysis adjusting for demographics and comorbidities [OR = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.31-1.25), P = 0.18]. Patients with cancer in remission had higher HEART score (4.6 ± 1.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.0, P = 0.006), and a higher proportion triaged as intermediate risk [68 vs. 56%, OR = 1.67 (95% CI, 1.00-2.84), P = 0.05]; however, no difference in the performance of HEART score existed between the groups (area under the curve = 0.86 vs. 0.84, P = 0.76). Conclusions There was no difference in rate of MACE between those with recent history of cancer in remission compared to their counterparts. A higher proportion of patients with cancer in remission was triaged as intermediate risk by the HEART score, but we found no difference in the performance of the HEART score between the groups.
Overdose deaths from nonprescribed prescription opioids, heroin, and other synthetic opioids in Medicare beneficiaries

Abstract Importance Opioid use disorder in the United States' Medicare population increased from 10 to 24 per 1000 from 2012 to 2018. Understanding the changes in the patterns of opioid overdose mortality over time holds broad clinical and public health relevance. Objective To examine trends and correlates of opioid overdose deaths from nonprescribed prescription opioids, heroin, and other synthetic opioids. Design, setting and participants The study used Medicare-National Death Index linked data from a 20% national sample to identify a retrospective cohort who died from opioid overdose in 2012–2016. The study analyzed data from December 2019 to March 2020. Main outcome and measures We examined type of opioid overdose deaths; percentage of opioid deaths without documented opioid prescriptions in the prior 6 months; and percentage of deaths from heroin or synthetic opioids among people on long-term prescription opioids whose prescribers reduced or subsequently discontinued their opioids. The study also calculated the proportion receiving medication for addiction treatment. The study included demographic characteristics and 15 chronic or potentially disabling conditions associated with overall opioid overdose deaths. Results Among 6932 Medicare enrollees who died from opioid overdose in 2012–2016, the mean (SD) age was 52.9 (12.1) years, 45.4% were women, and 82.4% were white. The number of opioid overdose deaths increased from 1159 in 2012 to 1697 in 2016. In the adjusted analyses, opioid deaths occurring in 2016 were 2.6 times more likely to be due to heroin or other synthetic opioids than opioid deaths occurring in 2012. The prescription opioid deaths occurring without a documented opioid prescription in the 6 months before death increased from 6.8% in 2012 to 11.7% in 2016. Factors associated with such deaths, assessed in a stepwise logistic regression model, included metropolitan or rural residence and diagnosis of opioid use disorder. Among people with long-term opioid use whose prescription opioids were reduced in the 6 months before death, the percentage of deaths attributable to heroin and other synthetic opioids increased from 17% in 2012 to 47% in 2016. Factors associated with such deaths, assessed in a stepwise logistic regression model, included diagnosis of hepatitis and opioid use disorder. Less than 10% of these enrollees received medication for addiction treatment. Conclusion There were substantial increases in patients' obtaining opioid analgesics from unlicensed sources and in overdose deaths from nonprescribed opioids during the study period (2012–2016). Increased access to pain management and opioid use disorder treatments is critical to reducing the opioid overdose deaths in the United States.
Invisible yet powerful: the unseen obstacles women leaders face in their hospitality careers

Women in the hospitality industry face many different challenges in advancing their careers. This study conducted in-depth interviews with fourteen women in hospitality leadership positions in the ...
Distribution and Transport of Microplastic and Fine Particulate Organic Matter in Urban Streams

Plastic litter is accumulating in ecosystems worldwide. Rivers are a major source of plastic litter to oceans. However, rivers also retain and transform plastic pollution. While methods for calculating particle transport dynamics in rivers are well established, they are infrequently used to quantify the transport and retention of microplastics (i.e., particles < 5 mm) in flowing waters. Measurements of microplastic movement in rivers are needed for a greater understanding of the fate of plastic litter at watershed and global scales, and to inform pollution prevention strategies. Our objectives were to (1) quantify the abundance of microplastics within different river habitats and (2) adapt organic matter "spiraling" metrics to measure microplastic transport concurrent with fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). We quantified microplastic and FPOM abundance across urban river habitats (i.e., surface water, water column, benthos), and calculated downstream particle velocity, index of retention, turnover rate, and spiraling length for both particle types. Microplastic standing stock was assessed using a habitat-specific approach, and estimates were scaled up to encompass the study reach. Spatial distribution of particles demonstrated that microplastics and FPOM were retained together, likely by hydrodynamic forces that facilitate particle sinking or resuspension. Microplastic particles had a higher downstream particle velocity and lower index of retention relative to FPOM, suggesting that microplastics were retained to a lesser degree than FPOM in the study reaches. Microplastics also showed lower turnover rates and longer spiraling lengths relative to FPOM, attributed to the slow rates of plastic degradation. Thus, rivers are less retentive of microplastics than FPOM, although both particles are retained in similar locations. Because microplastics are resistant to degradation, individual particles can be transported longer distances prior to mineralization than FPOM, making it likely that microplastic particles will encounter larger bodies of water and interact with various aquatic biota in the process. These empirical assessments of particle transport will be valuable for understanding the fate and transformation of microplastic particles in freshwater resources and ultimately contribute to the refinement of global plastic budgets.
The Prevalence of Mesangial Electron-Dense Deposits in PLA2R-Positive Membranous Nephropathy.

Introduction Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and can be primary or secondary. The antigenic target of antibodies in 70% of primary cases is phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). The presence or absence of mesangial electron-dense deposits has been used to distinguish between primary and secondary MN. Mesangial deposits suggest MN due to lupus, infection, or other causes, though they are reported to occur in approximately 10% of primary MN. Staining for PLA2R is now frequently used for confirming a diagnosis of primary MN. If mesangial deposits predict a secondary cause, they should be more frequent in PLA2R-negative biopsies. Methods A review of institutional kidney biopsies between March 2017 and June 2020 identified all cases of MN. Cases with a diagnosis of lupus or near "full-house" staining by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) were excluded. Light microscopy, IF, and electron microscopy (EM) were performed. PLA2R staining was performed by IF. EM for all cases was reviewed and electron-dense deposit location, distribution, and size were determined. Results Ninety-three cases of MN were identified, of which 86 had both PLA2R staining and EM performed. Of these, 51 cases (59%) were positive for PLA2R and 35 (41%) were negative. Mesangial electron-dense deposits were present in 22 (25.6%) of the 86 cases, including 27.5% (14/51) of PLA2R-positive cases and 22.8% (8/35) of PLA2R-negative cases. No difference was seen in size or distribution of deposits, or other features considered suggestive of secondary MN. Conclusion PLA2R-negative cases were not more likely to have mesangial deposits than PLA2R-positive cases. Mesangial deposits should not be used as an indicator of secondary MN.
Juvenile fibromatosis affecting the jaws: Report of three cases

Juvenile fibromatosis is a clinically aggressive but benign condition which does not commonly affect the jaws. Clinical and radiographic features are not specific, but diffuse lytic destruction of a portion of a jaw, especially the inferior border of the mandible, characterizes many cases. Histopathologic features are consistent and should be carefully observed to avoid a misdiagnosis of sarcoma. Three cases of juvenile fibromatosis affecting the jaws are reported; the patients were alive and well 9, 4, and 5 years, respectively, following therapy.
The End of a Natural Monopoly: Deregulation and Competition in the Electric Power Industry

Introduction P.Z. Grossman and D.H. Cole 1. Is anything naturally a monopoly? P.Z. Grossman 2. The origins and development of electric power regulation R.L. Bradley, Jr 3. The "Regulatory Contract" D.H. Cole 4. The Zenith of the natural monopoly system P.Z. Grossman 5. Whither natural monopoly? J.P. Tomain 6. Universal service in competitive retail electric markets J. Rossi 7. Stranded benefits vs. stranded costs in utility deregulation R.W. Cearley and D.H. Cole 8. Why the music is off-key when lawyers sing from economists' songbooks or why public utility deregulation will fail A.P. Morriss 9. Does the end of a natural monopoly mean deregulation? P.Z. Grossman
The insecticide fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulphone inhibit the rat α1β2γ2L GABAA receptor

Background and purpose: Fipronil is the active ingredient in a number of widely used insecticides. Human exposure to fipronil leads to symptoms (headache, nausea and seizures) typically associated with the antagonism of GABAA receptors in the brain. In this study, we have examined the modulation of the common brain GABAA receptor subtype by fipronil and its major metabolite, fipronil sulphone. Experimental approach: Whole-cell and single-channel recordings were made from HEK 293 cells transiently expressing rat α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors. Key results: The major effect of fipronil was to increase the rate of current decay in macroscopic recordings. In single-channel recordings, the presence of fipronil resulted in shorter cluster durations without affecting the intracluster open and closed time distributions or the single-channel conductance. The α1V256S mutation, previously shown alleviate channel inhibition by inhibitory steroids and several insecticides, had a relatively small effect on channel block by fipronil. The mode of action of fipronil sulphone was similar to that of its parent compound but the metabolite was less potent at inhibiting the α1β2γ2L receptor. Conclusions and implications: We conclude that exposure to fipronil induces accumulation of receptors in a novel, long-lived blocked state. This process proceeds in parallel with and independently of, channel desensitization. The lower potency of fipronil sulphone indicates that the conversion serves as a detoxifying process in mammalian brain. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 783–794; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.309; published online 28 July 2008
Microheterogeneity and paucidispersity of glycoproteins

Abstract Five components of l -β-aspartamido-carbohydrate, prepared from crystalline chicken ovalbumin by digestion with pronase, have been isolated and purified by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and zone electrophoresis. Their sequences may be represented: homology being demonstrated by enzymic hydrolysis with α- d -mannosides (E.C.3.2.1.24) or N-acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase (E.C.3.2.1.30). The molecular dispersity of ovalbumin is discussed in the light of these results.
Realization of stair ascent and motion transitions on prostheses utilizing optimization-based control and intent recognition

This paper presents a systematic methodology for achieving stable locomotion behaviors on transfemoral prostheses, together with a framework for transitioning between these behaviors—both of which are realized experimentally on the self-contained custom-built prosthesis AMPRO. Extending previous results for translating robotic walking to prosthesis, the first main contribution of this paper is the gait generation and control development for realizing dynamic stair climbing. This framework leads to the second main contribution of the paper: a methodology for motion intent recognition, allowing for natural and smooth transitions between different motion primitives, e.g., standing, level walking, and stair climbing. The contributions presented in this paper, including stair ascent and transitioning between motion primitives, are verified in simulation and realized experimentally on AMPRO. Improved tracking and energy efficiency is seen when the online optimization based controller is utilized for stair climbing and the motion intent recognition algorithm successfully transitions between motion primitives with a success rate of over 98%.
Hydrated proton and hydroxide charge transfer at the liquid/vapor interface of water.

The role of the solvated excess proton and hydroxide ions in interfacial properties is an interesting scientific question with applications in a variety of aqueous behaviors. The role that charge transfer (CT) plays in interfacial behavior is also an unsettled question. Quantum calculations are carried out on clusters of water with an excess proton or a missing proton (hydroxide) to determine their CT. The quantum results are applied to analysis of multi-state empirical valence bond trajectories. The polyatomic nature of the solvated excess proton and hydroxide ion results in directionally dependent CT, depending on whether a water molecule is a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor in relation to the ion. With polyatomic molecules, CT also depends on the intramolecular bond distances in addition to intermolecular distances. The hydrated proton and hydroxide affect water’s liquid/vapor interface in a manner similar to monatomic ions, in that they induce a hydrogen-bonding imbalance at the surface, which results in charged surface waters. This hydrogen bond imbalance, and thus the charged waters at the surface, persists until the ion is at least 10 A away from the interface.
Predictors of patient adherence to follow-up recommendations after an ED visit

Abstract Background It is unclear whether factors identified during the emergency department (ED) visit predict noncompliance with ED recommendations. Study objective We sought to determine predictors of adherence to medical recommendations after an ED visit. Methods We conducted a prospective, observational study at a single urban medical center. Eligible ED patients provided baseline demographic data as well as information regarding insurance status, whether they had a primary care physician (PCP), and the impact of cost of care on their ability to follow medical recommendations. Patients were contacted at least 1 week after the ED visit and answered questions regarding adherence to medical recommendations. Results Four hundred twenty-two patients agreed to participate in the study. At follow-up, 89.7% of patients reported that they had complied with recommendations made during the ED visit. Patients who were adherent to follow-up recommendations were more likely to have a primary care provider (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-6.1), have an annual income of greater than $35 000 (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.2), and report a non-Hispanic ethnicity or race (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-7.1). Individuals who reported that cost “sometimes” or “always” impacts their ability to follow their physician's recommendations were significantly less likely to comply with ED recommendations (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6). Conclusion Individuals who reported that cost affects their ability to follow their physician's recommendations and those who did not have a PCP were less likely to follow ED recommendations. Identification of predictors of noncompliance during the ED visit may aid in ensuring compliance with ED recommendations.
Chemotherapy response as a prognosticator for survival in patients with limited squamous cell lung cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Abstract Twenty-two patients with limited unresectable squamous cell lung cancer were treated with 6 courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cisplatin, and bleomycin (CAP-Bleo) and short-course thoracic irradiation started after the first 4 weeks of chemotherapy. Of 20 patients with visible tumor who were treated with 4 weeks of chemotherapy alone, 10 (50 %) had a tumor regression in that 4 week period and 10 did not. Those patients with tumor regression had significantly better progression free and overall survivals than did patients with no chemotherapy regressions (medians of 258 days vs. 136 days and 356 days vs. 150 days respectively). The original bleomycin dose had to be reduced by 50 % primarily because of excessive radiation esophagitis that has not been reported with use of either the CAP regimen or bleomycin along in conjunction with thoracic irradiation. An initial chemotherapy regression seems to be a good prognosticator for progression-free and overall survival in patients with limited squamous cell lung cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Sums, products, and ratios for the bivariate lomax distribution

We derive the distributions of S = X + Y , D = X - Y , P = XY and W = X / ( X + Y ) and the corresponding moment properties when X and Y follow the bivariate lomax distribution. Some expressions involve the Gauss hypergeometric function. We also provide an extensive tabulation of the associated percentage points. This tabulation-obtained using intensive computing power-will be of use to practitioners of the lomax distribution.
Compaction of a bone dowel in the tibial tunnel improves the fixation stiffness of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft: an in vitro study in calf tibia.

Background: Despite increasing attention on fixation of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft in the tibia, there have been no studies on the use of a bone dowel as a joint line fixation device for promoting fixation properties, especially stiffness at the time of implantation.Purpose: To determine whether compacting a bone dowel into the tibial tunnel improves fixation stiffness, yield load, and resistance to slippage of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: A double-looped tendon graft was fixed at the distal end of the tibial tunnel with a WasherLoc in 24 calf tibias. The tibial tunnels were treated with or without a dowel of cancellous bone. The bone dowel was harvested from the tibial tunnel and then compacted into a tapered space anterior to the anterior cruciate ligament graft as a joint line fixation device. A cyclic load and measurement test was administered to determine fixation stiffness, yield load, slippage, and failure mode...
Sonoran strongman: Ignacio Pesqueira and his times

Colonel Greene and the Copper Skyrocket C. L. Sonnichsen Paperback, $4.95 "Lee Sonnichsen has produced a creditable work on a fascinating individual. In delightful writing style he has reconstructed Greene's life, explaining the ambitions as well as the frailties of this extraordinary entrepreneur." History Also by C. L. Sonnichsen ... BILLY KING'S TOMBSTONE The Private Life of an Arizona Boom Town Paperback, $3.95 Clothbound, $7.50 "A must for anyone with an interest in the history of Arizona, especially of Tombstone." Journal of Arizona History Morris B. Parker's WHITE OAKS Life in a New Mexico Gold Camp, 1880-1900 Paperback, $3.95 "A good fragment of 'grassroots' history, one that Sonnichsen's loyal followers will surely appreciate." Journal of the West
How wide is deep ecology

Arne Naess's ‘rules of Gandhian nonviolence’ might usefully be applied to recent debates in ecophilosophy. The ‘radical ecologies’ have increasingly been depicted as mutually exclusive alternatives lacking any common ground, and many of the hostile and antagonistic attitudes that Naess cautions against have become prevalent. Naess suggests, however, that fundamental differences concerning theory and practice can coexist with a respect for one's opponents, an openness to the views of others, and a commitment to cooperation in the pursuit of mutually held goals. I raise questions about the scope of deep ecology in the light of Naess's non‐ideological, ‘deep questioning’ approach. First, I ask whether an expanded consideration of the social institutional implications of deep ecology would not increase its depth, relevance, and appeal to proponents of other ecologies. Second, I pose the question of whether certain tendencies to define deep ecology in stark opposition to other ecophilosophies have not impeded ...
The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Activated and Anergic Th1 Cells☆☆☆

Stimulation of T cells through the TCR leads to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (jun NH2-terminal kinase). These kinases act in synergy to increase the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 which is involved in the transcriptional upregulation of IL-2. Recently a third MAPK member, p38, has been identified. The effects of T cell activation on this pathway have not yet been elucidated. Using two murine Th1 clones, we demonstrate that the p38 pathway is induced upon anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 crosslinking or PMA plus ionomycin stimulation. p38 activity was induced fully by anti-CD3 or PMA alone and is not enhanced by costimulation even at low levels of TCR signaling. p38 activity peaked at 20 min and was significantly decreased by 2 hr. Anergic (tolerant) Th1 cells showed decreased p38 activity as well as decreased ERK and JNK activities even though levels of these proteins remained unchanged.
Oral Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Woman as a First Indication of HIV Infection

Although Kaposi's sarcoma has been well described in homosexual men at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, there have been fewer reports of KS in women, and most of these have been in women who became infected with HIV through intravenous drug use. This report describes a woman who had no history of intravenous drug use in whom intraoral KS and hairy leukoplakia were the first indication of her infection with HIV.
Fluorine doped high Tc cuprate TlSr2CaCu2O7

Superconducting samples with the starting composition of 12 Tl2O3+ 2SrO + (1 − p)CaO + pCaF2 + 2CuO, where p = 14, 12, and 1, were prepared. The participation of fluorine in the starting composition converts the 1 2 1 2 structured non-superconducting TlSr2CaCu2O7 to a superconductor. The doping of F appears to reduce the hole carrier concentration of the parent material. This experimental result may provide the possible evidence of anion substitution in high Tc superconductors.
Nanomechanical detection of cholera toxin using microcantilevers functionalized with ganglioside nanodiscs

The label-free detection of cholera toxin is demonstrated using microcantilevers functionalized with ganglioside nanodiscs. The cholera toxin molecules bind specifically to the active membrane protein encased in nanodiscs, nanoscale lipid bilayers surrounded by an amphipathic protein belt, immobilized on the cantilever surface. The specific molecular binding results in cantilever deflection via the formation of a surface stress-induced bending moment. The nanomechanical cantilever response is quantitatively monitored by optical interference. The consistent and reproducible nanomechanical detection of cholera toxin in nanomolar range concentrations is demonstrated. The results validated with such a model system suggest that the combination of a microcantilever platform with receptor nanodiscs is a promising approach for monitoring invasive pathogens and other types of biomolecular detection relevant to drug discovery.
Electric Equipment for Cornell Variable Density Wind Tunnel

Spectacular advances in airplane design during the past decade have created an increasing demand for additional testing facilities with which to obtain those data essential to successful design. To answer partially this demand and to facilitate more basic aerodynamic research on the subject of compressibility effects experienced in high speed flight, several new wind tunnels were constructed during this same period. These tunnels vary widely in size and in requirements for air density and air speed in the tunnel working section. Correspondingly, the horsepower output requirements for their main fan drive motors vary widely. But in all cases close speed regulation at preselected speed values over a wide range is essential to good test results. Most modern tunnels also incorporate suitable electric equipment for the operation of powered models and for the calibration of motors used in these models. This paper describes the Cornell variable density wind tunnel from the viewpoint of electrical engineers and discusses principles governing the selection of electric equipment for wind tunnels.
Mobile charge carriers in photosynthesis

CURRENT mechanistic models of energy transduction in photosynthesis, envision that the energy of the photons collected by the bulk antenna chlorophyll, is funnelled to special sites called reaction centres, where the primary charge separation events occur1. If the primary oxidant and reductant are separated physically by only a few, or few tens of angstroms, changes in the dielectric properties should become evident2. Several laboratories have soughtsuch evidence with equivocal results3–6, although one group, using methods similar to ours, has reported qualitative, positive results7.
Application of the Rayleigh-FFT technique to magnetotelluric modeling and correction

Abstract A modification of the original 1896 Rayleigh scattering theory has been implemented using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to calculate magnetotelluric (MT) responses for complex Earth structures including topography. The method has been tested for three-dimensional Earth models with arbitrary irregular layering and topography, although results are presented for two-dimensional (2-D) Earth models only. As layers can be pinched-out, isolated surface and sub-surface bodies can be included. An inherent error in the Rayleigh method limits the maximum surface and sub-surface slopes that can be accurately modeled. Valid 2-D results are obtained for surface slopes of 53° in the TE mode and 26° in the TM case; however, sub-surface interface slopes can exceed 60° for both modes. The Rayleigh-FFT approach enables simultaneous calculation of many surface points, typically 32 or 64 in 2-D. Model input requires only the digitized values of surface and sub-surface interfaces and the electrical properties of the various media. The point TM topographic distortions are slope dependent and are nearly height independent, e.g., maximum TM distortions for topography of 1 m and 1 km are nearly equal if the surface slopes are equal. However, since measured electric fields are averaged over finite length dipoles, the point-by-point small-scale effects are greatly smoothed in practice. TE topographic distortions are typical frequency-dependent inductive effects which are much smaller than TM effects as manifested in the apparent resistivity calculations. Use of the Rayleigh-FFT algorithm to remove the unwanted effects of topography and near-surface inhomogeneities is demonstrated by 2-D distortion tensor stripping of both theoretical and actual field MT results.
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF THE TASK SEGREGATION PROBLEM IN INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN

Segregation of tasks is an important factor in the determination of internal control system reliability. In assigning tasks within an organization, the impact on internal control system reliability must be considered. This paper uses reliability modeling as the basis of a method for formulating the design problem. Formulation of the problem in this manner facilitates development of a knowledge base for auditors' judgments and the use of such knowledge in the design problem. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions the problem can be solved easily. This is useful not only in task assignment but also in manpower decisions. New concepts such as reliability degradation and a task combination matrix are introduced in developing the formulation.
Modeling the tensile properties in β-processed α/β Ti alloys

The development of a set of computational tools that permit microstructurally based predictions for the tensile properties of commercially important titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, is a valuable step toward the accelerated maturation of materials. This paper will discuss the development of neural network models based on a Bayesian framework to predict the yield and ultimate tensile strengths of Ti-6Al-4V at room temperature. The development of such rules-based model requires the population of extensive databases, which in the present case are microstructurally based. The steps involved in database development include producing controlled variations of the microstructure using novel approaches to heat treatments, the use of standardized stereology protocols to characterize and quantify microstructural features rapidly, and mechanical testing of the heat-treated specimens. These databases have been used to train and test neural network models for prediction of tensile properties. In addition, these models have been used to identify the influence of individual microstructural features on the tensile properties, consequently guiding the efforts toward development of more robust mechanistically based models. Based on the neural network model, it is possible to investigate the influence of individual microstructural features on the tensile properties, and in certain cases these dependencies can point toward unrecognized phenomena. For example, the apparently unexpected trend of increase in tensile strength with increasing prior β-grain size has led to the determination of the pronounced role of the basketweave microstructure in strengthening these alloys, especially in case of larger prior β grains.