cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons as a function of age and ovariectomy in rats.

Abstract In this study we examined the effects of aging on various aspects of the ultrastructure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in female rats, including the density of synaptic input and the volume fraction of various subcellular organelles. In addition, we explored the possibility that removal of estrogen might provide a protective effect on the aging of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron as exposure to gonadal steroids alters the time course of reproductive aging. Our experimental groups included four- and 18–20-month-old virgin female rats divided as follows: young intact, young short-term ovariectomized, old intact, old short-term ovariectomized and old long-term ovariectomized. Brain tissue was processed for immunocytochemical detection of gonadotropinreleasing hormone neurons and selected cells from the preoptic area were chosen for electron microscopic examination. The percentage of plasma membrane containing synaptic modification was quantified using a morphometrics program, and the volume fraction of lysosomes/lipofuscin, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were estimated using point count stereology. Whereas we had previously found a significant increase in the density of synaptic input to gonadotropinreleasing hormone neurons in aged virgin male rats, the density of synaptic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells in the virgin female was not affected by age. The volume fraction of lysosomes/lipofuscin was increased in all age groups. Aging produced a dramatic decrease in the volume fraction of rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as a decrease in Golgi, suggesting a general decrease in biosynthetic activity of the cells. There was no apparent protective effect of long-term reduction in exposure to estrogen over the life span on these aging changes. Ovariectomy had paradoxical effects depending on the age of the animal: there was a decrease of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the young rat and an increase in the old animal. We also noted that ovariectomy did not result in hypertrophied glial ensheathment of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in female rats as we had observed in the Rhesus macaque. We conclude that aging changes in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system are affected by factors related to the sex and hormonal condition of the animal.
Gastrointestinal emergency room admissions and Florida red tide blooms

Human exposure to brevetoxins during Florida red tide blooms formed by Karenia brevis has been documented to cause acute gastrointestinal, neurologic, and respiratory health effects.. Traditionally, the routes of brevetoxin exposure have been through the consumption of contaminated bivalve shellfish and the inhalation of contaminated aerosols. However, recent studies using more sensitive methods have demonstrated the presence of brevetoxins in many components of the aquatic food web which may indicate potential alternative routes for human exposure. This study examined whether the presence of a Florida red tide bloom affected the rates of admission for a gastrointestinal diagnosis to a hospital emergency room in Sarasota, FL. The rates of gastrointestinal diagnoses admissions were compared for a 3-month time period in 2001 when Florida red tide bloom was present onshore to the same 3-month period in 2002 when no Florida red tide bloom occurred. A significant 40% increase in the total number of gastrointestinal emergency room admissions for the Florida red tide bloom period was found compared to the non red tide period. These results suggest that the healthcare community may experience a significant and unrecognized impact from patients needing emergency medical care for gastrointestinal illnesses during Florida red tide blooms. Thus, additional studies characterizing the potential sources of exposure to the toxins, as well as the dose/effect relationship of brevetoxin exposure, should be undertaken.
A component selection model for product design

Product design teams often aim to streamline product structures by standardising products’ components and their features in order to reduce operations cost and improve productivity. We examine the notion of standardisation of components in product design by formulating a component selection model for the purpose of profit maximisation. The mathematical model proposed in this paper falls under the category of non-linear integer programming, and takes into account revenue, production and inventory costs. Our parametric analysis of a case example concludes that full commonality of components among products does not always maximise profit; furthermore, the optimal solution space is bounded by the minimal-component/minimal-feature and maximal-component/maximal-features cases. The conditions under which these design solutions perform well are identified.
An Atomic Model of a Plant Reovirus: Rice Dwarf Virus

Abstract The structures of double-stranded RNA viruses infecting mammals and insects have been previously determined. Now the structure of the plant rice dwarf virus reveals common themes and novel features among the reoviruses.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization study of c-myc oncogene copy number in prostate cancer.

We previously conducted a study of 88 cases of prostate cancer in an attempt to identify potential prognostic biomarkers that can distinguish aggressive cases that must be treated immediately. Prostate cancer is a serious disease affecting men worldwide and compromises the quality of life of its patients. Biomarkers studied included chromosome 7 trisomy, chromosome 8 trisomy, and HER-2/neu oncogene amplification. These biomarkers were initially studied because trisomy 8 and oncogene amplification of the HER-2/neu gene have been reported in many other cancers, including those studied in this laboratory. In view of the fact that HER-2/neu amplification was not found to play a prominent role in the group of prostate cancer specimens that we studied, an exploration of other biomarkers was felt to be warranted. Thus, we began a pilot study of c-myc oncogene copy number in prostate cancer using the same protocol for fluorescent in situ hybridization and a direct-labeled SpectrumOrange LSI c-myc probe (Vysis, Inc., Downers Grove, IL) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. From a total of 36 cases of prostate cancers successfully analyzed, we found 11 (31%) tumors exhibiting 3 or more positive signals for c-myc in 15% or more of the cells. Of these, only 7 tumors (19% of the total cases studied) had ≥3 signals in 20% or more of the cells. No case had ≥3 signals in 25% or more of the cells. Compared to other molecular probes tested, the c-myc signals were more faint and the quality of the preparation was less optimal than other tumor specimens that we previously studied. Based on the information available thus far, we conclude that an increased copy number in c-myc oncogene copy number was not a prominent finding in our cohort of prostate cancer patients.
A comparison of algorithms for the identification of specimens using DNA barcodes: examples from gymnosperms

In order to use DNA sequences for specimen identification (e.g., barcoding, fingerprinting) an algorithm to compare query sequences with a reference database is needed. Precision and accuracy of query sequence identification was estimated for hierarchical clustering (parsimony and neighbor joining), similarity methods (BLAST, BLAT and megaBLAST), combined clustering ⁄ similarity methods (BLAST ⁄ parsimony and BLAST ⁄ neighbor joining), diagnostic methods (DNA–BAR and DOME ID), and a new method (ATIM). We offer two novel alignment-free algorithmic solutions (DOME ID and ATIM) to identify query sequences for the purposes of DNA barcoding. Publicly available gymnosperm nrITS 2 and plastid matK sequences were used as test data sets. On the test data sets, almost all of the methods were able to accurately identify sequences to genus; however, no method was able to accurately identify query sequences to species at a frequency that would be considered useful for routine specimen identification (42– 71% unambiguously correct). Clustering methods performed the worst (perhaps due to alignment issues). Similarity methods, ATIM, DNA–BAR, and DOME ID all performed at approximately the same level. Given the relative precision of the algorithms (median ¼ 67% unambiguous), the low accuracy of species-level identification observed could be ascribed to the lack of correspondence between patterns of allelic similarity and species delimitations. Application of DNA barcoding to sequences of CITES listed cycads (Cycadopsida) provides an example of the potential application of DNA barcoding to enforcement of conservation laws. � The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
Estimation of the mean function with panel count data using monotone polynomial splines

We study nonparametric likelihood-based estimators of the mean function of counting processes with panel count data using monotone polynomial splines. The generalized Rosen algorithm, proposed by Zhang & Jamshidian (2004), is used to compute the estimators. We show that the proposed spline likelihood-based estimators are consistent and that their rate of convergence can be faster than n 1/3 . Simulation studies with moderate samples show that the estimators have smaller variances and mean squared errors than their alternatives proposed by Wellner & Zhang (2000). A real example from a bladder tumour clinical trial is used to illustrate this method.
Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades for Fatigue Life under Wind Load Uncertainty

This study presents a methodology that analyzes the fatigue reliability of a composite wind turbine blade considering wind load uncertainty. To facilitate the reliability analysis of wind turbine design, the turbulent random wind field has been simulated and characterized by two random variables, 10-minute mean wind speed and 10-minute turbulence intensity factor. The well-known Weibull distribution of 10-minute mean wind speed has been validated by statistically analyzing measured wind speed data. A log-logistic distribution is first proposed to represent the distribution of 10-minute turbulence intensity factor. By using both the mean wind speed and the turbulence intensity factor, the chaotic characteristic of a random wind field can be accurately rendered. The uncertainties of parameters determining the Weibull and log-logistic distribution are further studied such that the spatiotemporal wind uncertainty can be accurately represented. A hierarchical expanded wind uncertainty representation method is proposed for reliability analysis of wind turbine blades. A comprehensive procedure, including random wind simulation, aerodynamic analysis, composite structural analysis and fatigue damage calculation has been realized to predict the fatigue life of a simulated blade model. The reliability of a 5-MW reference wind turbine blade is evaluated to investigate the effect of the spatiotemporal wind uncertainty towards fatigue life.
Identification and characterization of the Mustang promoter: Regulation by AP-1 during myogenic differentiation

We previously identified Mustang (musculoskeletal temporally activated novel gene) with expression exclusively in the musculoskeletal system. Although its expression is almost undetectable in intact bone, it is robustly upregulated during bone regeneration. It is also abundantly expressed in adult skeletal muscle and tendon. As such, Mustang represents a marker for these cells and thus identifying its promoter would enable us to characterize its transcriptional regulation. To this end, we have isolated and characterized a 1512-bp mouse genomic clone representing the Mustang 5′-flanking region and identified a transcription start site, a TATA box, and multiple putative transcription factor binding sites (including AP-1 and AP-2). The activity of this promoter was detected in musculoskeletal cells and embryonic fibroblasts, even exceeding levels (145%) of the control SV40 promoter (in C2C12 cells). Further, the contribution of specific AP-1 and AP-2 sites was determined with serially deleted and mutated promoter constructs. Results indicate that one of the four AP-1 sites is required for substantial transcriptional activation, as its specific deletion or mutation decreases promoter activity by 32% and 40%, respectively. In contrast, deletion of both identified AP-2 sites results in only a 12% decrease in promoter activity. We further characterized the key AP-1 site by EMSA and determined that in both proliferating and differentiating C2C12 cells, only c-Fos, Fra-2 and JunD were required for transcriptional activation. Mustang's restricted tissue specificity and strong promoter makes this gene an ideal candidate for utilization in cell lineage studies that could unveil cellular/molecular mechanisms responsible for musculoskeletal development and regeneration.
Evaluation of damage to satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) by the leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

The leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a key direct pest of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) in much of the Gulf Coast region of the United States. The injury and amount of damage to satsuma fruit caused by L. zonatus adults and nymphs at various insect densities (0―3 individuals per fruit) and feeding durations (0―14 days after infestation) were assessed in laboratory and field experiments. The parameters evaluated included fruit damage symptoms, fruit colour, premature fruit abortion (PFA), fruit weight loss (FWL), percentage of damaged sections (PDS), and soluble solids content (SSC) of the fruits. Feeding by L. zonatus on satsuma produced typical damage symptoms including the presence of green spots and dark spots on the outer rind and the collapsing and drying out of the juice vesicles in the inner rind. Insect density and feeding duration had significant effects on most damage parameters. Fruit weight loss and PDS increased with insect density and feeding duration. Soluble solids content decreased with both factors, and was also negatively correlated to PDS. Premature fruit ripening (yellowing) was recorded at densities of 1 or more insects per fruit. Premature fruit abortion was significantly higher in fruits infested by L. zonatus than in uninfested fruits, but insect density may not fully explain the PFA data. Leptoglossus zonatus female and male produced similar amounts of damage, which were slightly more than the damage produced by the nymphs. In general, the results were fairly consistent between laboratory and field experiments, although some minor differences were recorded. The data suggest an economic injury level of 1―2 L. zonatus per satsuma fruit. The results are discussed in relation to the ecology and management of L. zonatus on satsuma.
Graven images: Scholarly representations of African religions

(1990). Graven images: Scholarly representations of African religions. Religion: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 355-360.
The development of cognitive flexibility beyond the preschool period: An investigation using a modified Flexible Item Selection Task

We explored the development of cognitive flexibility in typically developing 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds and adults by modifying a common cognitive flexibility task, the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST). Although performance on the standard FIST reached ceiling by 8 years, FIST performance on other variations continued to improve until 10 years of age. Within a detailed task analysis, we also explored working memory storage and processing components of executive function and how these contribute to the development of cognitive flexibility. The findings reinforce the notion that cognitive flexibility is a multifaceted construct but that the development of working memory contributes in part to age-related change in this ability.
Evaluating Pictograms as an Aid for Counseling Elderly and Low-Literate Patients

ABSTRACTOver 20% of the U.S. population consists of individuals who are functionally illiterate or low literate. Prescription labels are typically written at the sixth-grade level. A significant number of individuals, because they may not be able to read prescription drug labels, may not have a good understanding of their drug therapy and so may not take their drug regimens correctly. The elderly population is at high risk of not being able to understand their prescription instructions. Literacy is positively related to age, and as individuals grow older, visual acuity diminishes. The USP-DI Pictograms® have been designed to help people understand how to take their prescriptions. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these pictograms can be understood by illiterate and elderly individuals. A study of 14 USP-DI Pictograms was conducted using a sample of 45 respondents from 2 nursing homes and 3 adult literacy programs. Understanding of the pictograms was recorded at two separate times during th...
Gene transfer of HSP72 protects cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global ischemia: Influence of Bcl-2

We investigated whether HSV gene transfer of HSP72 in vivo and in vitro: (1) protected cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global cerebral ischemia; and (2) affected Bcl-2 expression. HSV vectors expressing HSP72 and beta-galactosidase (reporter) or beta-galactosidase only (control vector) were injected into cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus 15 hours before induction of global cerebral ischemia (n = 10) and sham-operated rats (n = 8). HSP72 vector-treated rats displayed significantly more surviving transfected neurons (X-gal-positive, 31 +/- 8) compared with control vector-treated rats (10 +/- 4) after global cerebral ischemia. Sham-operated rats displayed similar numbers of X-gal-positive neurons (HSP72 vector 18 +/- 8 vs control vector 20 +/- 7). The percentage of beta-galactosidase and Bcl-2 coexpressing neurons in HSP72-treated rats after global cerebral ischemia (84 +/- 4%) was greater than that in control vector-treated rats (58 +/- 9%). The percentage of beta-galactosidase and Bcl-2 coexpressing neurons in sham-operated rats was similar in HSP72 (93 +/- 7%) and in control vector-treated rats (88 +/- 12%). HSP72 vector transfection led to 12 times as much Bcl-2 expression as the control vector in uninjured hippocampal neuronal cultures. In injured (oxygen-glucose deprivation) hippocampal neuron cultures, HSP72 vector transfection led to 2.8 times as much Bcl-2 expression as control vector. We show that HSP72 overexpression protects cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global cerebral ischemia, and that this protection may be mediated in part by increased Bcl-2 expression.
Religiosity and social welfare: competing influences of cultural conservatism and prosocial value orientation

This research examines the hypothesis that religiosity has two competing psychological influences on the social welfare attitudes of contemporary Americans. On the one hand, religiosity promotes a culturally based conservative identity, which in turn promotes opposition to federal social welfare provision. On the other hand, religiosity promotes a prosocial value orientation, which in turn promotes support of federal social welfare provision. Across two national samples (Ns = 1,513 and 320) and one sample of business employees (N = 710), reliable support for this competing pathways model was obtained. We argue that research testing influences of nonpolitical individual differences on political preferences should consider the possibility of competing influences that are rooted in a combination of personality processes and contextual-discursive surroundings.
Comparison of rural remote site production of digital images employing a film digitizer or a computed radiography (CR) system

This project describes two digital image acquisition methods for transmission from two rural sites to a remote site for primary interpretation of images. Practical considerations or implementation of rural teleradiology links are discussed. Digital image production occurred by either employing a film digitizer or a computed radiography (CR) system. Adequate image resolution was possible for most clinical applications for both methods (minimum array size of 2048/spl times/2048/spl times/10-12 bits for digital transmission). Benefits of CR included reduction in the image production cycle time and improved image handling. The technical sophistication and the cost of the link are directly proportional. Film digitizer technology was two to three times less expensive than CR. CR, on the other hand, offered significant operative expense reductions in the long run. Both CR and digitizer approaches are clinically useful methods for teleradiology. The type of equipment depends on the requirements of the applications needed and financial resources available.
Human-guided grasp measures improve grasp robustness on physical robot

Humans are adept at grasping different objects robustly for different tasks. Robotic grasping has made significant progress, but still has not reached the level of robustness or versatility shown by human grasping. It would be useful to understand what parameters (called grasp measures) humans optimize as they grasp objects, how these grasp measures are varied for different tasks, and whether they can be applied to physical robots to improve their robustness and versatility. This paper demonstrates a new way to gather human-guided grasp measures from a human interacting haptically with a robotic arm and hand. The results revealed that a human-guided strategy provided grasps with higher robustness on a physical robot even under a vigorous shaking test (91%) when compared with a state-of-the-art automated grasp synthesis algorithm (77%). Furthermore, orthogonality of wrist orientation was identified as a key human-guided grasp measure, and using it along with an automated grasp synthesis algorithm improved the automated algorithm's results dramatically (77% to 93%).
Octreotide acetate decreases pancreatic complications after pancreatic trauma.

Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) has been reported to decrease pancreatic related morbidity after pancreatic resections. This study examined the use of octreotide after pancreatic trauma. The charts of all patients treated for pancreatic injuries from June 1988 to February 1992 were reviewed (n = 28). The mean age of the patients was 29 years (range 16 to 61). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 7 patients, gunshot wounds in 14, and stab wounds in 7. The mean (± SD) abdominal trauma index (ATI) was 33 ± 14 and injury severity score (ISS) was 22 ± 12. Pancreatic injuries were graded as grade I (contusion) in 6 patients, grade II (parenchymal injury) in 18, and grade III (ductal injury) in 4. Seven patients (6 grade II and 1 grade III) were treated with prophylactic octreotide acetate, 150 μg to 300 μg per day, beginning on day 1. There were no pancreatic complications in this group. Of the remaining 21 patients, 6 (29%) developed 9 pancreatic complications: fluid collections in 3, fistula in 4, pseudocyst in 1, and pancreatitis in 1. Three patients had grade III, 1 had grade II, and 2 had grade I injuries. There were no differences in ATI, ISS, or grade of pancreatic injury between patients who were treated with octreotide and those who were not. No complications were associated with the use of octreotide. In conclusion, pancreatic complications occurred frequently (21%) following pancreatic trauma and resulted in significant morbidity. In this nonrandomized series of patients with equivalent ATI, ISS, and pancreatic grade injuries, the prophylactic use of octreotide was associated with no pancreatic complications and no negative sequelae.
DNAWorks: an automated method for designing oligonucleotides for PCR-based gene synthesis

The availability of sequences of entire genomes has dramatically increased the number of protein targets, many of which will need to be overexpressed in cells other than the original source of DNA. Gene synthesis often provides a fast and economically efficient approach. The synthetic gene can be optimized for expression and constructed for easy mutational manipulation without regard to the parent genome. Yet design and construction of synthetic genes, especially those coding for large proteins, can be a slow, difficult and confusing process. We have written a computer program that automates the design of oligonucleotides for gene synthesis. Our program requires simple input information, i.e. amino acid sequence of the target protein and melting temperature (needed for the gene assembly) of synthetic oligonucleotides. The program outputs a series of oligonucleotide sequences with codons optimized for expression in an organism of choice. Those oligonucleotides are characterized by highly homogeneous melting temperatures and a minimized tendency for hairpin formation. With the help of this program and a two-step PCR method, we have successfully constructed numerous synthetic genes, ranging from 139 to 1042 bp. The approach presented here simplifies the production of proteins from a wide variety of organisms for genomics-based studies.
Iterative solvers for coupled fluid-solid scattering

The multigrid method is used for coupled fluid-solid scattering discretized by linear finite elements. Numerical results show that using Krylov methods as smoothers allows coarser spaces than with standard smoothers, such as Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel. Block diagonal preconditioning for the 2 × 2 block diagonal matrix of the coupled system is also considered. Both multigrid and block diagonal preconditioned iterations fail to converge for frequencies when the scatterer is at resonance. It is shown how to transform the system into an equivalent one to avoid the resonance and to recover the convergence of the iterations.
A fully differential op-amp topology with improved PSRR and CMRR

Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is an extremely important quality figure for operation amplifiers (op-amps). Especially in mixed analog-digital ICs, the analog circuit must be able to discriminate against the digital noise coupled through the power supply lines. The authors address the analysis and simulation of PSRR of fully differential op-amps. It is shown that the PSRR of a fully differential circuit is affected by circuit asymmetry resulting from manufacturing variations. Analysis and Monte-Carlo simulations are shown for a novel high slew-rate fully-differential folded cascode op-amp. >
THE TECHNIQUES OF NEUTRALIZATION AND VIOLENCE

This study uses data from the second and third waves of the National Youth Survey to examine the effect of neutralizations regarding violence on violent behavior. Data indicate that only a small percentage of adolescents generally approve of violence or express indifference to violence. A large percentage of adolescents, however, accept neutralizations justifying the use of violence in particular situations. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggest that the acceptance of these neutralizations contributes to violent behavior. Further, the effect of these neutralizations on violence is conditioned by certain variables; neutralization is most likely to lead to violent behavior among those who disapprove of violence and associate with delinquent peers.
Hepatic clearance of gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify hepatic uptake and degradation of gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides. Rat livers were perfused in situ, without recirculation, with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (pH 7.4) containing 10% bovine erythrocytes, gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. Gastrin and cholecystokinin peptide fragments of various lengths were injected into a portal vein via a sidearm syringe for over 1 min, and hepatic venous effluent was collected every minute for 20 min. After injection of 125I-labeled gastrin peptides more than eight amino acids in length, >95% radioactivity appeared in the hepatic venous effluent, all of which was intact peptide, as determined by immunoprecipitation, trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and Sephadex gel chromatography. Decreasing the chain length to eight or less amino acids resulted in progressive increases in hepatic uptake and degradation of gastrin fragments. Injected cholecystokinin peptides greater than seven amino acids in length traversed the liver intact, whereas smaller cholecystokinin peptides were cleared by the liver. The liver eliminated >90% of the biologically active carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide amide common to gastrin and cholecystokinin. The results of this study indicate that gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides longer than seven amino acids traverse the liver without significant degradation, however, smaller peptides are progressively cleared during hepatic transit. Therefore, if small gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides from antral and intestinal mucosa are released and reach the portal venous circulation, hepatic inactivation would appear to prevent them from reaching the systemic circulation, precluding their significant contribution to gastric acid secretion and other physiologic functions.
Device simulation of charge collection and single-event upset

In this paper we review the current status of device simulation of ionizing-radiation-induced charge collection and single-event upset (SEU), with an emphasis on significant results of recent years. We present an overview of device-modeling techniques applicable to the SEU problem and the unique challenges this task presents to the device modeler. We examine unloaded simulations of radiation-induced charge collection in simple p/n diodes, SEU in dynamic random access memories (DRAM's), and SEU in static random access memories (SRAM's). We conclude with a few thoughts on future issues likely to confront the SEU device modeler.
Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion

Multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution in coping with ethnic diversity in the United States. This article develops a definition of political multiculturalism which refers to conceptions of identity, community and public policy. It then analyses the 1994 General Social Survey and a 1994 survey of Los Angeles County to assess the contours of mass support and opposition to multiculturalism, testing hypotheses concerning the role of social background, liberalism–conservatism and racial hostility. The main conclusions are that ‘hard’ versions of multiculturalism are rejected in all ethnic groups, that a liberal political self-identification boosts support for multiculturalism, and that racial hostility is a consistent source of antagonism to the new ethnic agenda of multiculturalism. There is strong similarity in the results in both the national and Los Angeles samples.
Capacity of the isotropic fading vector channel with quantized channel direction feedback

We explore optimality of beamforming for a vector channel with multiple transmits antennas at the base station and a single antenna at the mobile receiver. Perfect channel knowledge is assumed to be available at the receiver while the transmitter has only partial knowledge of the direction of the user's channel vector based on quantized direction feedback. We introduce necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimality of beamforming for the quantized direction feedback communication system. Using the conditions, we prove the optimality of beamforming for some particular cases of quantized direction feedback.
Estrogen Stimulation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Uterine Epithelial Cells which Lack Estrogen Receptors

Autoradiographic studies from this laboratory have previously indicated that the uterine epithelium of the neonatal mouse is devoid of estrogen receptors. The neonatal murine uterus is composed of an undifferentiated mesenchyme and a simple columnar epithelium lining the lumen. In the present study, a method for measuring whole cell uptake of 16 alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol ([125I]iodo-E2) was developed and applied to enzymatically separated, isolated epithelial and mesenchymal cells of neonatal (4-5 days postnatal) uteri. Epithelial cells and fibromuscular cells (stromal and myometrial cells) from uteri of 21-day-old animals were used to validate the assay method. A component of the uptake of [125I]iodo-E2 by cells from 21-day-old uteri was shown to be specific, saturable, and of high affinity. Kd values for specific uptake by uterine mesenchymal and epithelial cells were 1.2-1.3 nM. Maximal specific uptake was 9.3 and 4.2 fmol/micrograms DNA for epithelial and mesenchymal cells, respectively. The uterine epithelial cells of 4- and 5-day-old mice showed no measurable specific uptake of [125I]iodo-E2, while the mesenchymal cells from these animals had a maximal specific uptake of 7.9 fmol/micrograms DNA, with a Kd of 1.3 nM. DNA synthesis increased within the uterine epithelium of neonatal mice after estrogen treatment. The thymidine labeling index was doubled 10 h after a single dose of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and returned to pretreatment values by 18 h. The epithelial mitotic index was also 2-fold higher than control values 16-18 h after DES treatment. The increase in the thymidine labeling index was specific to estrogen treatment. DES did not induce the production of estrogen receptors in neonatal uterine epithelium. Epithelial cells of 5-day-old mice that were treated with DES showed no specific [125I]iodo-E2 uptake, while whole cell uptake by mesenchymal cells from these animals exhibited a specific, high affinity component, with a maximal binding of 8.4 fmol/micrograms DNA. Autoradiographic analysis of [3H]estradiol uptake by uterine tissues from 5-day-old mice 12 h after DES treatment did not show nuclear concentration of the steroid in the epithelial cells. These results indicate that the uterine epithelium of the neonatal mouse is indeed devoid of estrogen receptors, and yet the rate of DNA synthesis within this tissue is responsive to estrogen stimulation. The epithelial cells remain devoid of estrogen receptors after DES stimulation, indicating that intraepithelial estrogen receptors are not required for induction of DNA synthesis in these cells in situ. Possible mechanisms by which this phenomenon may occur are discussed.
Regulation of Epithelial Morphogenesis by the G-Protein Coupled Receptor Mist and its Ligand Fog*

Epithelial morphogenesis is essential for shaping organs and tissues and for establishment of the three embryonic germ layers during gastrulation. Studies of gastrulation in Drosophila have provided insight into how epithelial morphogenesis is governed by developmental patterning mechanisms. We developed an assay to recapitulate morphogenetic shape changes in individual cultured cells and used RNA interference–based screening to identify Mist, a Drosophila G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor (GPCR) that transduces signals from the secreted ligand Folded gastrulation (Fog) in cultured cells. Mist functioned in Fog-dependent embryonic morphogenesis, and the transcription factor Snail regulated expression of mist in zygotes. Our data revealed how a cell fate transcriptional program acts through a ligand-GPCR pair to stimulate epithelial morphogenetic shape changes.
Molecular dissection of quantitative traits: progress and prospects.

QTL mapping is an increasingly useful approach to the study and manipulation of complex traits important in agriculture, evolution, and medicine. The molecular dissection of quantitative phenotypes, supplementing the principles of classical quantitative genetics, is accelerating progress in the manipulation of plant and animal genomes. A growing appreciation of the similarities among different organisms and the usefulness of comparative genetic information is making genome analysis more efficient, and providing new opportunities for using model systems to overcome the limitations of less-favorable systems. The expanding repertoire of techniques and information available for studying heredity is removing obstacles to the cloning of QTLs. Although QTL mapping alone is limited to a resolution of 0.1%-1.0% of a genome, use of QTL mapping in conjunction with a search for mapped candidate genes, with emerging technologies for isolation of genes expressed under conditions likely to account for the quantitative phenotype, and with ever more efficient megabase DNA manipulation and characterization bodes well for the prospect of isolating the genetic determinants of QTLs in the foreseeable future. In the words of Thoday (1961), "An extensive attack on quantitative genetics made from this point of view as well as the biometric approach should be a great help in answering questions concerning the nature of polygenes...."
Modeling, simulation and verification of void transfer process for patterning nm scale features

Some of the solutions for creating features below 180 nm include X-ray lithography [1], electron-beam (e-beam) lithography [2] and focused ion beam lithography [3]. However, these techniques lack in line-width homogeneity and suffer from lower throughput. Patterning of sub-lithographic features is still feasible and economical using other techniques such as spacer patterning technique (SPT) [4], ashing and trimming [5], electroplating [6] and lift-off process [7]. But, all these technologies are lithography dependent and inherit associated CD variations. This is extremely crucial for memory applications where even subtle CD variations affect vital device characteristics such as retention time and endurance. Equally important is an ability to simulate these processes.
Variability of the Baroclinic and Barotropic Transient Eddy Forcing Associated with Monthly Changes in the Midlatitude Storm Tracks

Abstract The heat and vorticity transports by synoptic-scale eddies at various levels between 1000 and 100 mb have been compiled for each winter month of the 1966–84 period using time-filtered daily analyses produced by the U.S. National Meteorological Center. These circulation statistics were used to compute the three-dimensional distributions of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency and vertical motion induced by baroclinic and barotropic eddy processes in individual months. The latter fields serve as the basis for describing the synoptic-scale eddy forcing associated with the leading modes of month-to-month variability of the storm tracks over the North Pacific and North Atlantic. These modes are associated with the meridional displacements of the storm-track axes from their climatological positions. The placement of a storm track at a certain latitude ϕ in a certain month is accompanied by enhanced convergence of eddy heat fluxes poleward of ϕ. In the tropospheric column poleward of the storm tra...
High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Quantitation of Rifampin and Its Two Major Metabolites in Urine and Serum

Rifampin and two of its major metabolites, 25-O-desacetylrifampin and 3-formylrifamycin SV, were quantitated in serum, urine, and aqueous solutions by high-pressure, reverse-phase liquid chromatography. This rapid, precise, and simple method utilizes a single-step extraction, dual-wavelength monitoring, and quantitation by comparison of the absorbance of the drug or metabolite with that of an internal standard; the wavelengths used are 337 nm and 254 nm. The degrees of precision are +/- 1.3% and + 4.0% for rifampin only (within run and run to run); recovery in the assay is linear, with concentrations of up to 20 micrograms/ml. Comparison of this method with the reference bioassays yielded a good correlation (r = .975). Short turnover time and small sample size make the assay ideal for the monitoring of therapeutic drug concentrations and for pharmacokinetic studies.
Telling Your Story: Effective Packaging of Assessment Data, Closing Address of the 23rd Annual North Carolina Serials Conference

In the closing address of the 23rd annual North Carolina Serials Conference, Donna Tolson of the University of Virginia (UVA) and Peggy Myers of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) presented “Telling Your Story: Effective Packaging of Assessment Data.” In their address, they shared their experiences with selecting and packaging assessment data according to the intended audience and utilizing the data for internal decision making and external advocacy.
Os periódicos literários: registro, acervo e memória

O artigo a seguir apresenta reflexoes sobre a constituicao de um duplo acervo documental, o primeiro relativo aos documentos publicados nos periodicos, de colecoes publicas ou particulares, e o segundo referente a producao periodistica dedicada ao cultivo da memoria e da historia da Provincia. Discute sobre o duplo estatuto da memoria arquivada nesses periodicos, da memoria das praticas letradas, da formacao de associacoes literarias, do exercicio do debate e da critica, da troca de experiencias, do estimulo a leitura e a troca de ideias, da interdicao aos eventos em torno da guerra civil e alguns de seus personagens. O acervo produzido pelos periodicos permite acompanhar o esforco empreendido para a realizacao de narrativas sobre a Revolucao e a superacao dos obstaculos para empreende-las.
Quantitative distribution of phosphorus in chorioallantoic membrane as affected by infection with influenza virus.

SummaryIt has been shown that infection of the chorioallantoic membrane by the PR-8 strain of influenza virus results in: 1. The decrease in the phospholipid phosphorus concentration of the membrane; 2. The presence of large amounts of lipid-bound phosphorus in the fluid medium; and 3. A more rapid uptake of P32 into the membrane.
Abstract 15738: New Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) as a Predictor of Coronary Occlusion After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)

Introduction: In the setting of recent cardiac arrest, it is controversial whether new LBBB with or without Sgarbossa Criteria is an ST elevation (STE) equivalent for predicting acute coronary occlusions. The 2010 AHA guidelines recommend urgent coronary angiography after OHCA when either STE or new LBBB is present. These guidelines are extrapolated from the non-arrest population with few data from OHCA patients. Hypothesis: New LBBB on EKG early after OHCA will have a weaker association with acute coronary occlusion than STE. Methods: This was a retrospective 2 center study of 284 OHCA subjects who underwent early coronary angiography (within 24 hours of resuscitation). The post-resuscitation EKG was reviewed by a study investigator (LK) with cardiology over reading (JJ). Subjects with either STE or new LBBB were identified. Cardiologists performed percutaneous intervention (PCI) at their discretion when a culprit lesion or acute thrombus was found. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for STE, LBBB, and STE + LBBB (current standard) for predicting PCI and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between these EKG findings and PCI. OR were calculated relative to subjects with no STE or LBBB. Results: Of the 284 patients, 125 presented with STE and 19 presented with new LBBB resulting in 144 patients meeting AHA criteria for angiography. None of the LBBB met Sgarbossa Criteria. PCI was performed in 95/125 (76%) of those with STE, 4/19 (21%) of those with LBBB and 99/144 (69%) with either finding. The sensitivity and specificity of STE for PCI were 62% and 77% and the unadjusted OR was 5.82 (95% CI: 3.45, 9.83; p Conclusions: Our findings confirm STE after OHCA is strongly associated with coronary occlusion amenable to PCI, but cast doubt on using new LBBB as an STE equivalent. These findings mirror recent reports about LBBB in non-OHCA patients.
Analysis of genotype and drug resistance in HIV-1 in Henan Province

Objective:To investigate genotype and drug resistance in HIV/AIDS infectors in Henan Province.Methods:262 samples were separated from the anticoagulatory whole blood,and in-house technique was used to detected the genotype drug resistance.The sequences were submitted to stanford drug resistance database to analyz.Results: The mutation rate of drug resistance was 34.62%(18/52)of HIV/AIDS infectors,the minor mutation rate of resistance to protease was 28.85%(15/52),the mutation rate of resistance to reverse transcriptase was 17.31%(9/52).The mutation rate of drug resistance was 43.81%(92/210)of HIV/AIDS patients treated with antiretroviral drugs,the minor mutation rate of resistance to protease was 21.43%(45/210),the mutation rate of resistance to reverse transcriptase was 38.10%(80/210).Conclusion:Some of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan province were genotype drug resistance to the currently available antiviral medicine.The system of antiviral management and survilliance should to be adjusted to decrease the transmission of drug resistant virus.
Transport characteristics of renal collecting tubules: influences of DOCA and diet.

Isolated renal cortical collecting tubules from rabbits were studied at random (control) and from rabbits maintained on diets containing either high or low Na and K content or injected with DOCA fo...
Properties of Solution

This chapter discusses the properties of solutions to dynamical systems, and in particular focuses on Hamiltonian dynamical systems. The justification for this restriction is given below, but essentially arises from the fact that almost all of the relevant problems of interest to us can be transformed into this general form. We take advantage of this, as many of the fundamental properties that are of interest to us can be easily derived when the system is stated in Hamiltonian form.
“God Bless Texas. God Bless the NRA”: Problematizing Texas Teachers as Armed Protectors in the Aftermath of Sandy Hook

The shooting at Sandy Hook elementary and other past and more recent acts of school violence involving guns in the United States have created considerable national dialogue about how we can prevent such horrific acts from happening in the future. In Texas, public conversation has ensued about the possibility of arming teachers, school staff, and administrators to "protect" and "defend" schools from similar attacks. Media discourses produced by the general public, right-wing political leaders, and organizations like the National Rifle Association (NRA) have been instrumental in advocating for teachers and other school personnel to become armed protectors. As such, in this article, I describe the context of the debate to arm Texas teachers as portrayed by newspaper outlets across the state while problematizing the dominant discourses they produce. Language: en
Measuring Sovereignty Differentials

The stage is now set for exploring the economic consequences of variations in sovereignty across lagging countries during industrial epoch I.
Miniaturization of an additively manufactured microstrip patch antenna using magnetodielectrics

Additive manufacturing (AM) systems are capable of creating complex geometries that are difficult to fabricate using conventional manufacturing methods. While AM techniques are becoming increasingly advanced and accessible to broad set of users, the bottleneck for many electromagnetic applications is the lack of suitable materials. In this presentation we will describe a new magnetodielectric ink developed specifically for microdispensing based AM. Using this new material a miniaturized slotted patch antenna was designed and fabricated using a microdispensing AM platform. Computational and experimental results will be presented.