cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Positioning of a Mobile Robot for Wireless Charging Using Computer Vision and Misalignment-Sensing Coils

Mobile robots have been the subject of research and experimentation for several decades. They combine mobility, sensor feedback, and smart control to achieve specific tasks—many times autonomously. One such task is autonomous charging. In this paper, the autonomous positioning of a differential-drive mobile robot above an inductive wireless charger is tested. Wireless charging is an increasingly popular technology for contactless power transfer, but it usually requires precise positioning of the receiver above the charger for effective charging to take place. The experimental mobile robot in this paper uses a camera sensor and computer-vison algorithm to approach a color target that marks the charger location. Then, the mobile robot uses misalignment-sensing coils to detect and correct small lateral misalignments with the charger. Measurements from the encoders on the robot wheels are used in a dual-loop controller featuring a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to achieve the robot control objectives. The robot is successful in approaching and positioning itself within ±5 mm of the wireless charger center in several experimental trials. The hardware and control methods used in this experiment can be applied to similar systems to achieve autonomous wireless charging.
Examination of burden of skeletal-related events in patients naive to denosumab and intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in bone metastases from solid tumors population.

Objectives: Skeletal-related events (SREs), i.e. pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, surgery and radiation to bone, are serious skeletal complications that occur frequently in patients w...
Pillar One: Developing the AO Instrumentarium

When the AO founders gathered in Chur, at their first full 3-day course in March 1958, the group assigned Maurice Muller the task of creating an Instrumentarium. There was extensive discussion among the surgeons present and based on their hands-on experience with human cadaver bones, it became clear to all concerned that, to a considerable extent, successful Osteosynthesis depended on a dedicated and proprietary Instrumentarium suited to their surgical needs.
Comparative effects of controlled release of sodium bicarbonate and doxorubicin on osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell viability.

Abstract This study intends to analyze the effects of doxorubicin and sodium bicarbonate release with polycaprolactone (PCL) coating from a calcium phosphate system on the osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell viability and proliferation. Increased systematic pH concentrations locally by the release of sodium bicarbonate diminished acidosis and alleviated malignancy. In our study, we have shown that the same dosage of doxorubicin inhibited both osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell attachment and viability, whereas sodium bicarbonate abated osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Sodium bicarbonate also inhibited osteoblast cell proliferation in the early time points; however, the cell viability increased after the initial burst release of the molecule. Polymer coating on calcium phosphate–based implants, as carriers of drug, can minimize chances of toxic effects of higher oral drug dosage in the body and also help in delivering effective doses of drugs, locally to the target tissues, compared with the oral drug delivery approach. A coating of PCL was, thus, incorporated to control the initial burst release of bicarbonate, which enhanced the osteoblast cell viability, and was capable of diminishing osteosarcoma cell proliferation. The novelty and clinical significance of this study lies in the understanding of unique delivery system using encapsulated naturally occurring and more benign sodium bicarbonate, for usage after excision of the cancerous bone, without any adverse effects on normal bone cells.
Plectatrypinae and other ribbed atrypides succeeding the end Ordovician extinction event, Central Oslo Region, Norway

Strata of the Solvik Formation in the central Oslo Region (upper Hirnantian through most of Aeronian) are very fossiliferous and provide a good record relating to the survival and recovery faunas after the end-Ordovician mass extinctions. The ribbed atrypide fauna is especially rich with 21 species present. Samples from most of these taxa have been sectioned to reveal internal structures for taxonomic study. Of these, 13 species belong to the family Atrypidae, three of which are described in the present paper; Dihelictera engerensis n. sp., Gotatrypa vettrensis n. sp., and Rhinatrypa henningsmoeni n. gen. The family Atrypidae follows a global pattern of recovery with an increase in diversity registered in upper Rhuddanian and further diversification in Aeronian strata. The focus of this paper is the family Atrypinidae, which shows a different pattern. They are common and fairly diverse near the base of the Rhuddanian in deeper waters and rare further up, especially in the Aeronian. One new genus, Bockeliena, and two new species, Plectatrypa rindi and Euroatrypa? sigridi are defined. The relationship between the subfamilies Spirigerininae and Plectatrypinae is clarified through thin sections of material from the Ordovician/Silurian boundary layers. The plectatrypids originated in Baltica through transitional species found in upper Katian to Hirnantian strata leading from the cosmopolitan Eospirigerina to the Plectatrypa lineage with imbricate ribbing and, separately, to Bockeliena and others with lamellose, widely spaced ornamentation. The Oslo Region probably acted as a nexus for survival and spread of brachiopods after the end-Ordovician mass extinction. UUID: http://zoobank.org/95340b41-5537-4192-9338-211a2940bea8.
Osteoporosis: A Long-Term and Late-Effect of Breast Cancer Treatments

Osteoporosis is both a long-term effect (occurs during treatment and extends after treatment) and a late-effect (occurs after treatment ends) of breast cancer treatments. The worldwide prevalence of osteoporosis is estimated to be some 200 million patients. About one in three postmenopausal women will experience an osteoporotic (or fragility) fracture of the hip, spine, or wrist. breast cancer treatments, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure (CIOF), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), cause bone loss and increase the risks of osteoporosis. Also, breast cancer is a disease of aging, and most of the "one in eight" lifetime risks of breast cancer are in women in their sixth, seventh, and eighth decades. The majority of women diagnosed with breast cancers today will be long-term survivors and experience personal cures. It is the coalescence of osteoporosis with breast cancer, two common and age-related conditions that make osteoporosis relevant in women with breast cancer throughout the continuum from diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. It is critical to remember that women (and men) will lose bone after age thirty years. However, only certain women will lose bone of sufficient magnitude to merit treatment with anti-osteoporosis drugs. The narrative review is intended for medical, surgical, radiation oncologists, and other mid-level providers, and provides an overview of bone loss and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Trehalose Recycling Promotes Energy-Efficient Biosynthesis of the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

The mycomembrane layer of the mycobacterial cell envelope is a barrier to environmental, immune, and antibiotic insults. There is considerable evidence of mycomembrane plasticity during infection and in response to host-mimicking stresses. Since mycobacteria are resource and energy limited under these conditions, it is likely that remodeling has distinct requirements from those of the well-characterized biosynthetic program that operates during unrestricted growth. Unexpectedly, we found that mycomembrane remodeling in nutrient-starved, nonreplicating mycobacteria includes synthesis in addition to turnover. Mycomembrane synthesis under these conditions occurs along the cell periphery, in contrast to the polar assembly of actively growing cells, and both liberates and relies on the nonmammalian disaccharide trehalose. In the absence of trehalose recycling, de novo trehalose synthesis fuels mycomembrane remodeling. However, mycobacteria experience ATP depletion, enhanced respiration, and redox stress, hallmarks of futile cycling and the collateral dysfunction elicited by some bactericidal antibiotics. Inefficient energy metabolism compromises the survival of trehalose recycling mutants in macrophages. Our data suggest that trehalose recycling alleviates the energetic burden of mycomembrane remodeling under stress. Cell envelope recycling pathways are emerging targets for sensitizing resource-limited bacterial pathogens to host and antibiotic pressure.IMPORTANCE The glucose-based disaccharide trehalose is a stress protectant and carbon source in many nonmammalian cells. Mycobacteria are relatively unique in that they use trehalose for an additional, extracytoplasmic purpose: to build their outer "myco" membrane. In these organisms, trehalose connects mycomembrane biosynthesis and turnover to central carbon metabolism. Key to this connection is the retrograde transporter LpqY-SugABC. Unexpectedly, we found that nongrowing mycobacteria synthesize mycomembrane under carbon limitation but do not require LpqY-SugABC. In the absence of trehalose recycling, compensatory anabolism allows mycomembrane biosynthesis to continue. However, this workaround comes at a cost, namely, ATP consumption, increased respiration, and oxidative stress. Strikingly, these phenotypes resemble those elicited by futile cycles and some bactericidal antibiotics. We demonstrate that inefficient energy metabolism attenuates trehalose recycling mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. Energy-expensive macromolecule biosynthesis triggered in the absence of recycling may be a new paradigm for boosting host activity against bacterial pathogens.
Athletic Trainer-Reported Prevalence of Mental Health, Substance Use, and Barriers to Health in Secondary Schools.

Context Where a person lives can have a significant impact on health. Limited access to health care, food insecurity, lack of affordable housing, and violence increases a person's likelihood for poor health. Athletic trainers can have an impact on identifying and improving the determinants of health that affect student-athletes. Objective To understand 1) What are the current perceptions athletic trainers have about the health behaviors (specifically mental health and substance use) of high school student-athletes? 2) What are the barriers that athletic trainers experience when providing health services to high school student-athletes? 3) How does the developed environment effect the health behaviors and barriers that athletic trainers observe? Design Survey Setting: Online Participants: Certified National Athletic Training Association Members employed in the secondary school setting Main Outcome Measure(s): Demographics of athletic trainers, athletic trainers' perceptions on the health of student-athletes across developed environments, prevalence of mental health issues, tobacco and substance use, barriers to health care services, and housing and food insecurities among student-athletes. Descriptive statistics for the outcome measures are reported. Results 7,600 electronic surveys were distributed to athletic trainers, with 910 respondents. Respondents were 61% female; average age was 36 years old; and an average of 12.5 years of experience. 82% of athletic trainers identified their school setting as public, 43.7% of respondents identified their school as suburban, 30.1% rural, and 26.2% urban. Athletic trainers perceived a high average prevalence of mental health issues (32%), e-cigarette use (31.7%), and marijuana use (26.9%) in student athletes. There were significant perceived barriers to health including access to transportation, poverty, housing and food insecurities. Conclusions This study highlights health disparities and barriers athletic trainers observe when addressing health care needs of student-athletes. Understanding determinants of health to identify causes of health disparities may better prepare athletic trainers to manage the health needs of underserved student-athletes.
Bayesian hierarchical modeling for online process monitoring and quality control, with application to real time image data

Abstract With the increasing availability of real-time process data, the Bayesian framework is an adaptable means for dealing with complex models and data structures which can provide readily interpretable outputs for first-principles and hybrid models. Applied to process monitoring and control scenarios, Bayesian models have the capability to provide informed decisions about quantities of interest derived from the online process measurements through the use of probability as a measure of uncertainty. This work presents one such application, wherein real-time image data is used to predict the content of pharmaceutical dose units produced by an additive manufacturing process; a probabilistic quality control strategy is therefore enacted at the level of each dosage unit. Utilizing a hierarchical modeling approach, we are able to draw upon a large historical database to model sources of uncertainty across a wide range of conditions, thus yielding more reliable predictions for future data at in-sample and out-of-sample conditions.
cHand: Visualizing Hands in CHAI3D

Visualization of hand movement is an important part of many haptic experiences. While some existing simulators allow for hand kinematic visualization using a generic hand model, they target robotic grasp planning rather than haptic applications. We aim to fill this gap with cHand, an extension of the haptics software library CHAI3D, which augments it with built-in hand kinematic visualization capabilities. A representation of the hand can be achieved with elementary geometric elements, or with custom geometries loaded from STL files. A live data visualization demo is included, which can be used as a template for other applications. We release cHand as an open source contribution to keep with the open source nature of CHAI3D.
Are DNA-HLA class II interactions the missing link in SLE?

New evidence has emerged that DNA can bind to cell surface HLA class II molecules. If true, this surprising interaction could lead to T cell and B cell activation by DNA, and surface DNA could also provide a target for cell killing by anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Democratization and Research Methods: Checklists, frameworks, and Boolean analysis

On some level, we political scientists think we understand some things about the causes of democratization; we share a conventional wisdom. However, the conventional wisdom is fragmented and not well integrated: it consists of dozens of propositions about the conditions that favor democracy. Although there is a core of propositions that most scholars consider credible, this conventional wisdom is poorly integrated. Some propositions can be grouped into competing schools of thought but, as we consume, interpret, test, and cite the literature, we tend to consider each proposition in isolation, as though it could stand or fall on its own without affecting our belief in other propositions. What passes for the conventional wisdom is not, therefore, an integrated theory of interwoven propositions; the plural, conventional wisdoms would be more accurate. Our collective beliefs about democratization resemble checklists: lists of independent, unconnected items. Checklists are useful for reminding us about all of the varied factors that may be important. Unfortunately, just as a grocery list is not a short story, a checklist is not a coherent and integrated explanation. There is no official screening committee that certifies that a proposition is generally true and rigorously supported before it joins one of the conventional wisdoms. Rather, our conventional wisdoms are just that: matters of convention. Whatever ideas many scholars have found convincing at one time or another come to be part of what we believe. Because different scholars are convinced by different things, conventional wisdoms are a hodgepodge of ideas originating from diverse sources. To be sure, some propositions have survived repeated testing in large samples using the most rigorous techniques in our toolkits. But many of them are the conclusions of less rigorous studies that were so convincing, in their way, that we have incautiously assumed the conclusions to be generally true. Many comparativists are impressed by intimate knowledge of the politics of a particular country or a region, so the conclusions of case studies and intraregional comparisons sometimes yield insights of a particularly solid kind, and we sometimes elevate these insights to the status of universal truth. Some ideas have been treated as received wisdom since the infancy of comparative politics, when the field was limited to comparisons of Britain, France, and Germany.
The round-complexity of black-box zero-knowledge: a combinatorial characterization

The round-complexity of black-box zero-knowledge has for years been a topic of much interest. Results in this area generally focus on either proving lower bounds in various settings (e.g., Canetti, Kilian, Petrank, and Rosen [3] prove concurrent zero-knowledge (cζϰ) requires Ω(log n/ log log n) rounds and Barak and Lindell [2] show no constant-round single-session protocol can be zero-knowledge with strict poly-time simulators), or giving upper bounds (e.g., Prabhakaran, Rosen, and Sahai [15] give a cζϰ protocol with ω(log n) rounds). In this paper we show that though proving upper bounds seems to be quite different from demonstrating lower bounds, underlying both tasks there is a single, simple combinatorial game between two players: a rewinder and a scheduler. We give two theorems relating the success of rewinders in the game to both upper and lower bounds for black-box zero-knowledge in various settings (sequential composition, concurrent composition, etc). Our game and theorems unify the previous results in the area, simplify the task of proving upper and lower bounds, and should be useful in showing future results in the area.
The Use Of Rank Transformation And Multiple Regression Analysis In Estimating Residential Property Values With A Small Sample

Conventional multiple regression analysis which has been used in estimating residential property values typically relies upon cardinal data. This paper argues that appraisal theory requires the appraiser to rank the comparables from best to worst and use a regression technique which can be applied to ordinal data. The rank regression procedure illustrated here was successfully used on small sample sizes, and did not violate the critical assumptions underlying conventional multiple regression. The results indicate that the rank regression technique illustrated here is more theoretically correct than conventional multiple regression and produces a better model with more accurate price estimates.
Treatment of large granular lymphocyte leukemia with oral low-dose methotrexate

Morbidity and mortality in patients with T large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia result from infections acquired during severe neutropenia. Optimum treatment for severe neutropenia remains undefined. We conducted an uncontrolled but prospective study of low-dose oral methotrexate, up to 10 mg/m2 weekly, in 10 patients with this disease. Therapeutic response was assessed by serial clinical evaluations and laboratory determinations including complete blood counts, lymphocyte phenotyping, and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies. A partial response was defined as a sustained increase in neutrophil count greater than 500/microL. A complete clinical remission was defined as achievement of a normal complete blood count and CD3+ LGL count. Previous prednisone treatment in eight of these patients had produced one clinical remission and four partial responses; tapering of prednisone in each of these patients resulted in recurrence of severe neutropenia. Five patients in this study received both methotrexate and tapering doses of prednisone. Complete clinical remissions on methotrexate were observed in five patients; an additional patient had a partial response. Molecular analyses of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement could not detect the abnormal clone in three of five patients achieving a complete clinical remission. Two weeks to 4 months of therapy were needed before attaining a neutrophil count greater than 500/microL. Complete and partial responses have been maintained on therapy, with a follow-up period ranging from 1.3 to 9.6 years. Low-dose oral methotrexate therapy is an effective treatment for some patients with LGL leukemia.
Do Analysts’ Cash Flow Forecasts Encourage Managers to Enhance Real Cash Flows? Evidence from Tax Planning

Recent research finds that analysts' cash flow forecasts have meaningful financial reporting ramifications, but to date, the identified effects are unlikely to yield meaningful cash flow benefits. This study examines whether analysts' cash flow forecasts encourage managers to enhance the firm's cash flow position through tax avoidance activities. We evaluate the change in cash tax avoidance after analysts begin issuing cash flow forecasts relative to a propensity-score matched control sample without cash flow forecasts. Consistent with analysts' cash flow forecasts encouraging tax avoidance that enhances real cash flows, we find a negative association between cash effective tax rates and analysts' cash flow coverage. Additional analysis suggests this association is driven both by strategies to permanently avoid and to defer tax payments, and that increased cash tax avoidance activity represents a significant component of the overall increase in reported operating cash flows after the initiation of analysts' cash flow coverage.
Cre–lox‐Inducible Gene Targeting

Cre is a site-specific DNA recombinase that is useful for either targeted excision or activation of a desired gene in the genome in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Cre-based recombination strategies also permit the design of precise chromosome translocations, deletions and duplications, which facilitate the genetic manipulation of the eukaryotic genome. Keywords: transgenic mice; chromosome engineering; DNA recombinase; conditional mutation; embryonic stem cells
Signaling Through JAKs and STATs: Interferons Lead the Way

Characterization of the “viral interfering activity” secreted by infected tissues led to the identification of interferons, the founding members of the cytokine family. Subsequent studies, directed at understanding how IFNs mediated their biological response then led to identification of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Today, the important role this pathway plays in transducing signals for the over 50 members of the hematopoietin family of cytokines is widely appreciated. After providing a brief historical perspective, this review will provide an overview of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, with emphasis on some of the more recent developments in this field. Keywords: Cytokines; GAS (Gamma Activation Site); Hematopoietins; IFN (Interferon); IRFs (Interferon Response Factors); ISGF-3; ISRE (IFN-stimulated Response Element); JAK (Janus kinase); Ligand; NK Cells (Natural Killer Cells); Protein Tyrosine Kinases; Receptors; SH2 (Src Homology 2); SOCS (Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling); STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription); T cells; Tyrosine Motif
Lymphocyte recirculation in cattle: patterns of localization by mammary and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes

We examined patterns of lymphocyte localization in female dairy cattle following infusion of 51Cr-labeled autologous lymphocytes prepared from surgically excised mammary or ileal mesenteric lymph nodes. Labeled lymphocytes prepared from mammary lymph nodes were recovered in proportionally high numbers from mammary and prescapular lymph nodes, and in low numbers from intestinal mesenteric nodes. This pattern was observed in both heifers and lactating cows. In contrast, labeled lymphocytes prepared from ileal mesenteric lymph nodes of lactating cows were recovered in proportionally high numbers from intestinal mesenteric nodes, and in low numbers from mammary and prescapular nodes. These findings, when compared with previous results in sheep and swine, support the hypothesis that lymphocytes do not migrate efficiently between the gut and mammary gland of ruminants.
Black holes at the IceCube neutrino telescope

If the fundamental Planck scale is about a TeV and the cosmic neutrino flux is at the Waxman-Bahcall level, quantum black holes are created daily in the Antarctic ice cap. We reexamine the prospects for observing such black holes with the IceCube neutrino-detection experiment. To this end, we first revise the black hole production rate by incorporating the effects of inelasticty, i.e., the energy radiated in gravitational waves by the multipole moments of the incoming shock waves. After that we study in detail the process of Hawking evaporation accounting for the black hole's large momentum in the lab system. We derive the energy spectrum of the Planckian cloud which is swept forward with a large, O(10{sup 6}), Lorentz factor. (It is noteworthy that the boosted thermal spectrum is also relevant for the study of near-extremal supersymmetric black holes, which could be copiously produced at the Large Hadron Collider.) In the semiclassical regime, we estimate the average energy of the boosted particles to be less than 20% the energy of the {nu} progenitor. Armed with such a constraint, we determine the discovery reach of IceCube by tagging on soft (relative to what one would expect from charged current standard model processes)more » muons escaping the electromagnetic shower bubble produced by the black hole's light descendants. The statistically significant 5{sigma} excess extends up to a quantum gravity scale {approx}1.3 TeV.« less
A comparison of two nitroimidazoles and a dihydroquinoline as radiosensitizers and cytotoxic agents

Abstract The search for electron affinic compounds that exhibit the properties needed for a clinically useful hypoxic cell radiosensitizer has led to the setting up of clinical trials with misonidazole, which is a 2-nitroimidazole. Recently, MTDQ a new drug of novel design, a dihydroquinoline (6,6-methylene-bis-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline)has been synthesized and suggested as a radiosensitizer. The radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties of misonidazole are compared with MTDQ and a second 2-nitroimadazole Ro-07-0741, which has warranted attention as a possible alternative to misonidazole for clinical use.
Establishing the Validity of the Feminist Couple Therapy Scale: Measuring Therapists’ Use of Feminist Practices With Heterosexual Couples

The authors sought to establish the validity and factor structure of the Feminist Couple Therapy Scale (FaCTS) as a measure of therapists’ use of feminist principles and practices in their work with heterosexual couples. Additionally, the authors examined the latent associations among the subscales of the FaCTS and two feminist constructs using a sample of 217 couple and family therapists. The results of this study suggest that a belief that addressing patriarchy is central to the practice of therapy with heterosexual couples and is strongly associated with engaging in clinical practices that address the power differentials that exist between men and women.
Radio observations of Saturn as a probe of its atmosphere and cloud structure

Centimeter and decimeter radio observations probe atmospheric depths of the giant planets that are inaccessible by other techniques. Presented here are results of theoretical modeling of the NH3H2SH2O cloud decks of Saturn and their influence on the radio opacity of the planet's atmosphere. The study is motivated by the acquisition of a new radio data set spanning the wavelength range 1.3 to 70 cm. Disk-averaged brightness temperatures are 132.5 ± 1.3 K at 1.33 cm, 136.1 ± 3.2 K at 1.99 cm, 173.6 ± 0.8 K at 6.14 cm, 219.0 ± 3.5 K at 20.73 cm, and 352 ± 42 K at 69.72 cm. These temperatures are in general agreement with those previously reported in the literature, but have smaller uncertainty, which improves the discrimination between models. Within the text of a detailed atmospheric model, we found that satisfactory fit to the radio brightness spectrum can be obtained if (1) the ammonia mixing ratio deep in the atmosphere (∼ 25 bar) takes on a value in the range 4 to 6 × 10−4, which is ∼ 3 times that inferred from solar abundances of the elements, and (2) H2S is present in an amount ∼ 10 times the solar value so that a substantial NH4SH cloud forms, leading to an ammonia mixing ratio of 0.7 to 1.1 × 10−4 in the vicinity of the 2-bar level in the atmosphere. There is an apparent increase of microwave absorption as lines of sight cross the NH4SH cloud (at ∼ 5 bar). Water does not strongly influence the microwave spectrum either as a microwave absorber or in creating cloud decks that remove ammonia, although precise radiometry at decimeter to meter wavelengths may ultimately be able to place limits on the deep atmospheric water abundance.
HIV escape: there and back again

HIV mutates to avoid the pressure of the immune system. This process is balanced by the need of the virus to replicate efficiently. Two studies examine this dynamic as the virus infects new hosts ( pages 275–281 and 282–289 ).
Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equations with Artificial Compressibility in Random Durations

The existence and uniqueness of adapted solutions to the backward stochastic Navier-Stokes equation with artificial compressibility in two-dimensional bounded domains are shown by Minty-Browder monotonicity argument, finite-dimensional projections, and truncations. Continuity of the solutions with respect to terminal conditions is given, and the convergence of the system to an incompressible flow is also established.
Planning assembly/disassembly operations for space telerobotics

Space telerobotic systems will perform complex tasks of assembly, disassembly, and repair of space-based equipment. Planning such tasks requires reasoning about the functional, physical, and geometrical properties of the equipment, as well as a representation of the characteristics and capabilities of the manipulators and sensors available for the task. The And/Or graph is a useful approach to representation of feasible assembly/disassembly sequences and provides the basis for search among alternative strategies. The paper describes the use of parts entropy measures as evaluation criteria for search in the And/Or graph space. This approach leads to candidate task plans which minimize the complexity of intermediate geometrical states.
Trials of Women for Homicide in Nineteenth-Century England

This study examines the rates of trial of women on charges of murder at five yearly intervals from 1845 to 1900. Most women in the nineteenth century were charged with murdering their new-born infants or older children, though few were convicted. Also discussed are the rates of trial for charges of "concealment of birth," a charge frequently used when a jury was reluctant to convict an accused woman of the more serious charge of murder.
Libraries in the Aftermath of 9/11

Abstract Libraries are a symbol of a free, democratic society. Open access to information and patron privacy allow intellectual inquiry and the creation of new knowledge. Librarians have a long tradition of protecting these liberties. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, concerns have been raised that the passage of the USA Patriot Act and other anti-terrorism measures threaten these liberties. Librarians need to educate staff, users, and their communities as to the impact these measures have on libraries and access to information. Policies, procedures, and guidelines need to be developed that balance the traditions of intellectual freedom and issues of national security. This article examines access to government information issues and threats to
Identifying DNA sequences recognized by a transcription factor using a bacterial one-hybrid system

Bacterial-based interaction trap systems provide a powerful method to identify interacting macromolecules. When carried out in the context of a genetic selection, interacting pairs can be rapidly isolated from large combinatorial libraries. This technology has been adapted to allow the identification of DNA-binding sequences for a transcription factor (TF) from a large randomized library. This procedure uses a library of randomized binding sites upstream of a cocistronic HIS3-URA3 reporter cassette. The URA3 reporter allows self-activating sequences to be removed from the library through counter-selection. The HIS3 reporter allows sequences that are recognized by a TF to be isolated from the library, where transcriptional activation is mediated by fusion of the TF to the α-subunit of RNA polymerase. This technology can be used to characterize monomeric, homodimeric and heterodimeric DNA-binding domains and, once a suitable library is constructed, binding sites can be identified in approximately 10 d. The bacterial one-hybrid system allows larger libraries to be searched than the corresponding yeast one-hybrid system and, unlike SELEX, it does not require purification of the TF(s). The complexity of the binding site libraries that can be searched using the bacterial system is, however, more limited than SELEX, and some eukaryotic factors may not express or fold efficiently in the bacterial system.
Remarkable lenses and eye units in statues from the Egyptian Old Kingdom (ca. 4500 years ago): properties, timeline, questions requiring resolution

The first known lenses appeared during the IVth and Vth Dynasties (fabricated mainly between ca. 2500 - 2400 BC) of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Excellent examples of these lenses are found in The Louvre Museum in Paris and the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. These lenses were components of eye constructs in statues and had unique qualities. In particular, the `eyes' appear to follow the viewer as he/she rotates about the statues in any direction. Clearly, this was an intended effect which can be readily photographed (and understood optically). The lenses were ground from high quality rock crystal (a form of quartz). They had a convex and highly polished front surface. On the plane rear lens surface as `iris' was painted. Centered in the dark- appearing pupil zone was an approximately hemispheric negative ground, high power, concave lens surface.
Electronic structure and Fermi surface of calcium

The electronic structure of calcium is calculated by means of the self-consistent linear combination of Gaussian orbitals method and the local-density approximation (LDA). No shape approximations to the charge density or the potential are made. We obtain a band structure and a Fermi surface which is in reasonable agreement with experiment. For that reason we disagree with the conclusions drawn in a recent paper by Jan and Skriver, who employed the linear muffin-tin orbital method and stated that the LDA cannot give a reasonable Fermi surface. Our empty d-band width is somewhat narrower in comparison with other calculations or experiment, as one can also see from our calculated optical conductivity. X-ray form factors, which deviate only slightly from the free-atom values, and Compton profiles, are also given.
Integrating discourse and domain knowledge for document drafting

Document drafting is a key component of legal expertise. Effective legal document drafting requires knowledge both of legal domain knowledge and of the structure of legal discourse. Automating the task of legal document drafting therefore requires explicit representation of both these types of knowledge. This paper proposes an architecture that integrates these two disparate knowledge sources in a modular architecture under which representation and control are optimized for each task. This architecture is being implemented in DOCUPLANNER 2.0, a system for interactive document drafting.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate did not improve pain in osteoarthritis of the knee.

Source Citation Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:795-808. 16495392
Catalyzed Ignition of Using Methane/Hydrogen Fuel in a Microtube for Microthruster Applications

Catalyzed combustion of propellants in a microtube serves as a model of a microthruster that has potential applications for micropropulsion for small satellites/spacecraft. The effect of hydrogen addition on fuel-rich methane/oxygen ignition within a 0.40-mm-diam platinum microtube is investigated experimentally. All tests are conducted in a vacuum chamber with an ambient pressure of 0.0136 atm to simulate high-altitude conditions. Experimental results show that the critical temperature needed to catalytically lightoff fuel-rich methane/oxygen mixtures is reduced by the addition of small amounts of hydrogen to the mixture. Two-stage ignition phenomena are observed for low levels of hydrogen addition (2-7% by volume), with the first and second ignition conditions corresponding to the reactions of hydrogen and methane, respectively. The effects of changing flow rate (residence time), equivalence ratio, and amount of hydrogen addition on the critical ignition temperature are investigated. The ability of the catalyst to sustain chemical reactions once the input power is turned off is also explored and, for most cases, self-sustainability is realized. Various microtube performance parameters are estimated for all experiments, which include thrust, specific impulse, and power required to ignite reactions within the microtube.
Models for Dynamic Load Balancing in a Heterogeneous Multiple Processor System

Queueing models for a simple heterogeneous multiple processor system are presented, analyzed, and compared. Each model is distinguished by a job routing strategy which is designed to reduce the average job turnaround time by balancing the total load among the processors. In each case an arriving job is routed by a job dispatcher to one of m parallel processors. The job routing strategies are divided into two classes: deterministic and nondeterministic. The nondeterministic policies are described by state independent branching probabilities. For the deterministic policies, the next processor is chosen to minimize or maximize the expected value of a performance related criterion function.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase/Nm23 and Epstein-Barr virus.

Nm23-H1 was discovered as the first metastasis suppressor gene about 20 years ago. Since then, extensive work has contributed to understanding its role in various cellular signaling pathways. Its association with a range of human cancers as well as its ability to regulate cell cycle and suppress metastasis has been explored. We have determined that the EBV-encoded nuclear antigens, EBNA3C and EBNA1, required for EBV-mediated lymphoproliferation and for maintenance EBV genome extrachromosomally in dividing mammalian cells, respectively, target and disrupt the physiological role of Nm23-H1 in the context of cell proliferation and cell migration. This review will focus on the interaction of Nm23-H1 with the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigens, EBNA3C and EBNA1 and the functional significance of this interaction as it relates to EBV pathogenesis.
Family-Related Variables and Psychological Symptom Formation in Sexually Abused Girls

ABSTRACT The major purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family-related variables and psychological symptom formation in sexually abused girls. The mothers of 77 abused girls ages 7–12, and 88 controls were administered the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III (FACES-III). The mothers of abused subjects also completed the Parent Emotional Reaction Questionnaire (PERQ) and the Parental Support Questionnaire (PSQ). There were significant group differences on the FACES-III Cohesion Scale, with the mothers of abused girls rating their families as less cohesive than the mothers of normal controls. Also, correlational analyses demonstrated a significant relationship in the abused group between family adaptability on the FACES-III and behavior problems on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, a significant association between the intensity of the parents' reaction to the abuse and CBCL general behavior problems and sexual behavior problems as measured by the...
Relationship between injury and damage to potatoes by wireworms

A relationship between injury (any penetration of a tuber) and damage (in accordance with the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes) caused by the sugarbeet wireworm,Limonius californicus (Mannerheim), the Pacific Coast wireworm,L. canus LeConte, and the Great Basin wireworm,Ctenicera priunina (Horn), to potatoes was determined. Based on tuber weights, the percentage of damage (D) increased curvilinearly with increased percentage of injury (I). Percentages of injured and damaged tubers based on tuber weights were significantly different from those based on tuber count. Difference in the relationship of injury vs. damage between untreated and fonofos-treated tubers was not significant. The regression D = -0.012 + 0.1 111 + 0.003I2 can be used to estimate the amount of damage from the amount of injury without the necessity of cutting and measuring feeding holes.
The determinants of truck accidents

This paper examines the determinants of truck accidents in the United States using a time series data set covering the period 1970-2001. Along with other factors, the effect of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980, which deregulated the trucking industry, is examined for its impact on truck accidents. In addition, the model accounts for the effect railroad freight mileage has on truck accidents. Empirically, alcohol consumption, the unemployment rate, and railroad activity were found to have significant effects on truck accidents while deregulation of the trucking industry did not have a statistically significant adverse effect on these accidents.
Parameters and Driving Force Estimation of Cell Motility via Expectation-Maximization (EM) Approach

Motility is an important property of immune system cells. To describe cell motility, we use a continuous stochastic process and estimate its parameters and driving force based on a maximum likelihood approach. In order to improve the convergence of the maximization procedure, we use expectation-maximization (EM) iterations. The iterations include numerical maximization and the Kalman filter. To illustrate the method, we use cell tracks obtained from the intravital video microscopy of a zebrafish embryo.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Studies on calciferol metabolism. II. Tritium loss from tritiated vitamin D3 and the possible structure of the proposed nuclear regulator of intestinal calcium transport.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is rapidly metabolized, via a 25-hydroxy intermediate, to an as yet unidentified polar compound. This compound, designated Metabolite 4B, has previously been shown to be the most potent and rapidly-acting form of cholecalciferol yet found, and probably represents the biologically active form of this steroid in the intestine. Studies on the metabolism of a mixed dose of 1, 2-H-and 4-14C-labeled cholecalciferol in the rachitic chick reveal a loss of tritium in the formation of Metabolite 4B. The tritium loss involves the removal of a single hydrogen from the carbon-1 position. The implications of this tritium loss on the possible structure of Metabolite 4B are discussed.
Fluid Description of Relativistic, Magnetized Plasma

Many astrophysical plasmas and some laboratory plasmas are relativistic: either the thermal speed or the local flow speed (in a convenient frame) approaches the speed of light. Many such plasmas are also magnetized, in the sense that the thermal Larmor radius is smaller than gradient scale lengths. Relativistic MHD, conventionally used to describe such systems, requires the collision time to be shorter than any other timescale in the system. On this assumption, it uses the thermodynamic equilibrium form of the plasma pressure tensor, neglecting stress anisotropy as well as heat flow along the magnetic field. Beginning with exact moments of the kinetic equation, we derive a closed set of Lorentz-covariant fluid equations that allows for anisotropy and heat flow, as would pertain to a collisionless plasma, far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The heart of the derivation is the construction of the plasma stress tensor as the fully general solution to the energy-momentum conservation law in the case of dominant electromagnetic force.
DELAYED HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION DUE TO APPEARANCE OF MULTIPLE ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING TRANSFUSION OF APPARENTLY COMPATIBLE BLOOD.

A delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction, appearing seven days after transfusions, characterized by jaundice, hemolysis and hemoglobinuria accompanied by the appearance of multiple antibodies in the patient's serum (anti-hr″ (c) anti-rh″ (E) and anti-Jkb) is explained as an anamnestic phenomenon. The original sensitizing antigens and those which precipitated the recall mechanism may be traced to her 20-year-old son and to the single-unit transfusion which she received five years previous to the last admission, and to the transfusions given with the operation from which she recovered. The important fact is that these latent antibodies failed to be detected by standard crossmatching tests (saline, high protein and Coombs) and by a pool of cells containing most of the antigens. The triple enzyme method was the only test which detected the anti-rh″ (E) antibody. The direct Coombs test became positive at the height of the reaction and persisted for 48 hours. Blood tests after 31/2 and 41/2 months revealed that both the anti-Jkb and anti-rh″ (E) antibodies had vanished and only anti-hr‘ (c) of low titer was still present.
An XY‐Theta manipulator for flexible fabric part positioning

Fully automating the apparel assembly process will require generic robotic manipulators which can be purchased as a complete unit and adapted to specific applications. A manipulator that can handle and position non‐rigid fabric parts of inexact dimension is described. The XY‐theta provides three directions of fabric positioning. Further, the manipulator can handle different sizes of a variety of styles. The aligning system is composed of three modules‐ vision, positioning and control, which exchange information and control signals via a 32‐bit bus system. This combination of modules and bus system makes the aligning system very flexible which is represented by the ability to switch the type of microcontroller or motors used. Thus, the generic system can be adapted for specific applications.
High energy microlaser and compact MOPA transmitter

A compact micro-oscillator incorporating a dual-bounce, grazing incidence gain module with a folded resonator cavity is presented. The gain module, previously developed for Nd:YVO4, is embodied in highly doped ceramic Nd:YAG to generate improved Q-switch performance while maintaining localized pump absorption. The cavity design utilizes a doubly folded optics path around the gain crystal to increase the intra-cavity mode for a more optimum overlap with the pump light volume produced by standard lensed laser diode bars. A modified CS-package diode mount is developed to facilitate the reduced size of the oscillator without sacrificing the ability to use a high-energy, side-pumping arrangement. The oscillator is combined with a high gain, high energy extraction VHGM amplifier to generate a transmitter source on the order of 50 mJ. Cooling for both the oscillator and amplifier modules is provided via a conductive path through the base of the package. Both devices are mounted on opposite sides of a phase-change cooling reservoir to enable self-contained, burst-mode operation. Beam shaping of the oscillator output, in preparation for injection into the amplifier, is contained in a small cut-away path on the reservoir side.