cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract SY28-02: The adipose-cancer link: From microenvironment to metabolomics

This presentation will showcase the interface of systemic and localized disturbances in metabolism with tumor development, specifically focusing on colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide among both men and women. Risk and preventive factors are well established and include, among others, lack of physical activity and obesity (risk) as well as aspirin use and screening (prevention). Adipose tissue is emerging as a key player in carcinogenesis through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines. The colon is surrounded by adipose tissue, which supports the direct (paracrine) adipose-colon crosstalk and influence as a tumor microenvironment, as well as systemic influences on colon carcinogenesis factors secreted into the bloodstream. As part of the ColoCare cohort, an international, multicenter cohort of colorectal cancer patients, we have investigated adipose tissue distribution, composition, characteristics, and possible influence on colorectal tumors. In an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively), we showed that there are distinct differences that may play a central role in driving carcinogenesis (1). These analyses are ongoing and have been extended to blood-based measures of the inflammasome and metabolome, as well as tumor characteristics. Adipose tissue biology can also be directly affected by weight-loss interventions through diet and exercise. As part of the Nutrition and Exercise in Women (NEW) study, we showed that weight loss results in changes in adipose tissue gene expression as well as corresponding reductions in biomarkers, including inflammatory biomarkers (2, 3). References 1. Liesenfeld DB, Grapov D, Fahrmann JF, Salou M, Scherer D, Toth R, et al. Metabolomics and transcriptomics identify pathway differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(2):433-43. 2. Imayama I, Ulrich CM, Alfano CM, Wang C, Xiao L, Wener MH, et al. Effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Res 2012;72(9):2314-26. 3. Campbell KL, Foster-Schubert KE, Makar KW, Kratz M, Hagman D, Schur EA, et al. Gene expression changes in adipose tissue with diet- and/or exercise-induced weight loss. Cancer Prev Res 2013;6(3):217-31. Citation Format: Cornelia M. Ulrich. The adipose-cancer link: From microenvironment to metabolomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY28-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-SY28-02
Abstract 544: Strenuous Exercise and Quercetin Intake Differentially Modulate PCSK9 and ANGPLT4 in Normal C57BL6 Mice

Introduction: We previously reported that intake of quercetin during moderate exercise modulate lipid metabolism in LDLr -/- C57BL6 mice. The current study investigates the role of strenuous exercise and quercetin on lipids metabolism. Study Design: 40 mice were divided into four groups (10 each). These groups are as follows: Control mice, left untreated; control quercetin group, orally supplied with 100 μg/day of quercetin without exercising; exercise group without quercetin, and exercise group with quercetin supplements. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 20-30m/m/ 5 days/week for two month. All animals were on normal mouse chow, at the end of the two month treatment, tissues were collected and expressions of genes associated lipid metabolism were analyzed and the proteins Western Blotting were determined. Results: PCSK9 mRNA level was significantly up-regulated as the result of combination of exercise and quercetin intake (p Conclusion: The combination of strenuous exercise and quercetin intake did not show any positive affect on LDL (plasma LDL levels were measured; however not presented above), this was also reflected by the upregulation of the PCSK9 gene expression. Lipoprotein related genes differentially modulated with the strenuous exercise and quercetin intake. This data suggest that the combination of strenuous exercise and quercetin intake unfavorably impact LDL associated PCSK9 gene; however differentially affect ANGPLT4 levels with the exercise or the combination.
Improving Sun-Protective Behaviors and Self-Skin Examinations Among African Americans: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Few studies describing sun-protective behaviors, knowledge, and self-efficacy in African Americans exist. Although educational programs targeting Caucasians and Hispanics have been successful in increasing melanoma awareness and knowledge, no such investigation has been applied to African Americans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a brochure or video educational intervention on the sun-protective behaviors, knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding melanoma in African Americans. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial of a presurvey and postsurvey, in an academic outpatient dermatology clinic. Participants were self-identified African Americans, at least 18 years old, fluent, and literate in English. Patients randomized to the brochure-intervention group (n = 72) received a melanoma brochure from the National Cancer Institute. Patients randomized to the video-intervention group (n = 71) received the brochure and watched an online melanoma tutorial. RESULTS Sun-protective behaviors, knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding melanoma all improved equally from pre-to posteducation, in both the brochure- and video-intervention groups. CONCLUSION Melanoma educational interventions similar to those previously demonstrated to be successful in Caucasian and Hispanic populations are also effective among African Americans.
Emotion Tracking for Health, Memory, and Well-Being

In this talk I will describe novel systems that allow users to reflect upon their moods and learn positive coping strategies for dealing with stress and depression. I will also describe systems and applications that perform mood detection in real time using mobile and wearable technology. We are exploring novel user interface applications to help users reflect upon and manage their affective experiences. Many questions remain from our work, in terms of how useful a system like this would be over the long term and how valuable a personalized, mobile, awareness system is. Finally, we feel that there is a huge opportunity in the remote familial space, or in a close social network, where knowing about the emotional health of separated loved ones or close friends comes in to play. These new research areas are also tightly coupled with privacy issues. A few examples of applications in these new areas will be presented.
Filtered Rayleigh scattering mixing measurements of merging and non-merging streamwise vortex interactions in supersonic flow

By introducing large-scale streamwise vortices into a supersonic flow it is possible to enhance the rate of mixing between two fluid streams. However, increased vorticity content alone does not explicitly serve as a predictor of mixing enhancement. Additional factors, particularly the mutual interactions occurring between neighboring vortical structures, affect the underlying fundamental physics that influence the rate at which the fluids mix. As part of a larger systematic study on supersonic streamwise vortex interactions, this work experimentally quantifies the average rate of mixing of helium and air in the presence of two separate modes of vortex interaction, the merging and non-merging of a pair of co-rotating vortices. In these experiments vortex-generating expansion ramps are placed on a strut injector. The freestream Mach number is set at 2.5 and helium is injected as a passive scalar. Average injectant mole fractions at selected flow planes downstream of the injector are measured utilizing the filtered Rayleigh scattering technique. The filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements reveal that, in the domain surveyed, the merging vortex interaction strongly displaces the plume from its initial horizontal orientation while the non-merging vortex interaction more rapidly mixes the helium and air. The results of the current experiments are consistent with associated knowledge derived from previous analyses of the two studied configurations which have included the detailed experimental characterization of entrainment, turbulent kinetic energy, and vorticity of both modes of vortex interaction.
Regulation of polyadenylation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): contributions of promoter proximity and upstream sequences.

Abstract Retroviruses synthesize a terminally redundant genomic RNA that contains canonical polyadenylation signals at both ends. Production of this RNA requires that the 5' copy of these signals be ignored, while the 3' copy must be utilized. Two models have been presented for how this occurs in the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV: (i) the core HIV poly(A) signals (AAUAAA and a downstream GU-rich element) might be inefficient and require supplementation by activating sequences found only at the 3' end of the RNA; or (ii) cap site proximity might actively suppress polyadenylation at the 5' site. We have examined both possibilities in HIV-infected cells and in cells transfected with a variety of model constructs. We find that infected cells harbor few or no detectable products of 5' polyadenylation; however, the core HIV processing signals can mediate processing fairly efficiently (65%) when positioned at the 3' end of heterologous transcripts. While this efficiency can be further increased to greater than 95% by inclusion of upstream sequences from the viral U3 region, the absence of these U3 signals is insufficient by itself to account for 5' signal bypass. By contrast, the efficiency of these core elements is greatly suppressed when they are positioned within approximately 450 nucleotides of the cap site. This distance-related suppression can be modestly diminished by insertion of U3 sequences between the cap site and HIV poly(A) signal. We suggest that the primary determinant of 5' poly(A) site bypass is cap site proximity; the absence of U3 sequences at this position contributes secondarily to the bypass by enhancing the sensitivity of the pA signal to the suppressive effects of promoter proximity.
Gender Rights and the Politics of Empowerment

In this chapter, I explore how rights language is constitutive of capital’s own logic of producing value, paying specific attention to gendered narratives of empowerment featuring the “oppressed third-world woman.” I note that one of the ways these narratives function is by creating a language of empowerment that appears to address inequities and injustice yet simultaneously works to create a subject who is aligned to the interests of capital. I examine two prominent narratives, one presenting “woman” in the Global South as an agent of economic advancement through self-help, and another presenting her as a global citizen. I argue that narratives like these, fashioned by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), by promoters of microcredit schemes, and by writers and activists, play a particularly important role in marking capital as a force aligned with the democratic and the modern.
Effects of Two Commercial Emulsifiers, MYRJ 45 and MYRJ 52, on Gastric Acidity and Gastrointestinal Motility of Human Subjects

Summary The effect on gastric acidity of two emulsifiers, MYRJ 45 and MYRJ 52, used commercially in certain foods, was tested in 12 human subjects by the method of fractional gastric analysis using concentrations in the test meals 3 to 10 times the maximum concentration in the foods to which they were applicable. The results indicate no detectable influence of the compounds on gastric acidity. Periodic roentgen observations on the progress of three test meals, one containing barium sulfate and water; the second, barium sulfate-water and MYRJ 45; and the third, barium sulfate-water and MYRJ 52, were performed on a group of 12 subjects on separate days. No significant differences in initial gastric emptying, final gastric emptying, or the mouth-to-cecum time were observed between the three groups under the conditions of the experiments.
A safe, scaleable method for the oxidation of carbon–boron bonds with oxone®

Abstract A new procedure for the oxidation of carbon–boron bonds to the corresponding alcohol with Oxone ® is described.
Misbehaving Attorneys, Angry Judges, and the Need for a Balanced Approach to the Reviewability of Findings of Misconduct

It is likely no surprise that attorneys sometimes fail to abide by the standards of ethical and professional conduct during the course of litigation. This type of misconduct implicates a federal district court judge's obligation to maintain order and fairness in her courtroom. In order to effectuate this duty, the judge has at her disposal a variety of different tools with which she can admonish or punish an attorney, including the power to impose monetary sanctions.1 Nonetheless, sometimes judges forego explicitly sanctioning an attorney, choosing instead to express their disapproval of an attorney's behavior by is suing an opinion including findings of professional misconduct. These findings of misconduct can range anywhere from a general observa tion regarding an attorney's "lack of professionalism"2 to a more ex treme conclusion that an attorney participated in "sanctionable, un ethical, vexatious, contemptuous and nearly criminal conduct."3 Given the potentially significant effects such findings of misconduct could have on an attorney's professional reputation, attorneys frequently attempt to appeal in order to expunge the relevant findings. While it has long been established that nonparty attorneys may seek appellate review of monetary sanctions,4 appeals of orders con taining findings of misconduct present a number of more complicated issues. The various circuits have taken different approaches to appeals
Proximal Spacing Between Individuals in a Group of Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) in Tinigua National Park, Colombia

I studied proximal spacing within a group of woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) during 7 months at Parque Nacional Tinigua, Colombia. I collected a total of 1188 instantaneous samples on focal individuals, recording the number and age/sex class of individuals that were in contact with, <2 m from, <5 m from the focal animal. The results indicate that proximate spacing reflects social affinities and is related to mother–infant relationship and social grooming. Subadult females and adult males are the sex/age classes with the lowest number of individuals in proximity. There are low proximity between adult females and between adult males and high frequencies of nearness between mother and offspring. Associations between males and females were usually low, but in some cases males showed preferences for a given female. There was a relatively gradual increase in spacing between mothers and their offspring as they became older. Old juvenile males were associated chiefly with other males—mostly subadults—whereas juvenile females maintained some proximity only to their mothers. There are also differences in spacing behavior according to different activity types.
Study of viral infections on changes of Th1/Th2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To study the relationship between viral infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and the effect of viral infections on the changes of Th1/Th2 in COPD patients. Methods The se-ra from 81 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD,25 patients with stable COPD and 22 healthy subjects were tested for specific IgM of respiratary syncytial virus(RSV) ,herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), parainfluenza vi-rus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatant INF-γ and IL-4 cultured with PHA were determined. Results The positive rates of IgM in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD compared with those in patients with stable COPD and healthy subjects were significantly different(P <0.001 ). The level of INF-γ, and IL-4 in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and stable COPD compared with normal control group;the level of INF-γ (242±43) and the of IL-4(42±9) in pa-tients with acute exacerbations of COPD was not significantly different as compared with the level of INF-γ( 198±32) and the level of IL-4(56±11 ) in patients with stable COPD (P<0.05), but the level of INF-γ was increased (90±18)and IL-4 was decreased (141±24) in control group (P<0.05). Compared with those in IgM negative group, the levels of INF-γ were significantly higher and the levels of IL-4 were significantly lowerIL-4 in lgM positive group( P<0.01 ). Conclusion Virus infection is a rather important factor in acute exacerbations of COPD, and COPD is characterized by a predominance of Th1-type response,and there is more significant Th1 response predomi-nance in COPD with virus infection. Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Virus; INF-γ; Interleukin -4
An Uncommon Case of Partial Airway Obstruction due to Lingual Tonsillar Hypertrophy.

Obstruction of the airway is a medical emergency. If it is not treated immediately, rapid and potentially life-threatening hypoxia develops. A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and palatine tonsillectomy presented to our tertiary care hospital with dysphagia, odynophagia, muffled voice, and neck swelling of a one-week duration. She also complained of associated shortness of breath that began two days prior to hospital admittance. Bedside laryngoscopy revealed an enlarged base of the tongue and laryngeal edema, resulting in partial airway obstruction. A CT scan of the soft tissue of the neck revealed that lingual tonsillar hypertrophy (LTH) was the cause of the partial airway obstruction. While being closely monitored, the patient was treated with intravenous corticosteroids and antibiotics. Serial laryngoscopies were performed to track the resolution of the airway obstruction. Her hospital course remained uneventful, and the patient was discharged after four days. Though rare, LTH has a strong propensity to cause airway compromise, and it must be treated at once.
High permeability sub-nanometre sieve composite MoS 2 membranes.

Two-dimensional membranes have gained enormous interest due to their potential to deliver precision filtration of species with performance that can challenge current desalination membrane platforms. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) laminar membranes have recently demonstrated superior stability in aqueous environment to their extensively-studied analogs graphene-based membranes; however, challenges such as low ion rejection for high salinity water, low water flux, and low stability over time delay their potential adoption as a viable technology. Here, we report composite laminate multilayer MoS2 membranes with stacked heterodimensional one- to two-layer-thick porous nanosheets and nanodisks. These membranes have a multimodal porous network structure with tunable surface charge, pore size, and interlayer spacing. In forward osmosis, our membranes reject more than 99% of salts at high salinities and, in reverse osmosis, small-molecule organic dyes and salts are efficiently filtered. Finally, our membranes stably operate for over a month, implying their potential for use in commercial water purification applications. Molybdenum disulfide membranes are attractive for filtration of nanoscale species but should be optimized for application. Here, the authors report composite membranes with tunable surface charge, pore size and interlayer spacing, achieving efficient filtration of small-molecule dyes and osmosis.
Tropes of taste: The poetics of food and flavor in the Libro de Apolonio

Food in the Libro de Apolonio is not simply a function of the plot but rather an aspect of the poet’s rhetorical and poetic technique. Four interrelated deployments of food in the poem (portrayals ...
Doctor Gachet, in the kitchen, with the foxglove

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) is one of the most famous artists in the world. During his 10-year career as an artist, he created more than 850 paintings. These works of art are now displayed in museums around the globe. It is therefore even more surprising that van Gogh sold just one painting during his lifetime. Van Gogh is also well-known for his mental illness. In 1888, at the age of 35, he famously sliced off his left ear. This was followed by multiple mental collapses in early 1889, leading to his admission to a mental hospital. Despite living in the asylum, van Gogh continued to paint and created some of his most beautiful works of art during the year at Saint-Remy. Tragically, he committed suicide in 1890 at the age of 37. Over the 130 years since his death, there has been much speculation about the underlying illness of Vincent van Gogh. Many of his contemporary physicians felt that he had a form of epilepsy as the cause of his sudden "attacks". By the last quarter of the 19th century, science and medicine were moving rapidly forward, and there were many medical conditions that had effective treatments. One example is the use of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure, and another is the discovery of potassium bromide for seizures. This paper provides an overview of van Gogh's mental illness, the treatments that were offered by his contemporaneous physicians, and the role that these factors may have influenced his paintings.
The role of grain size evolution in the rheology of ice: implications for reconciling laboratory creep data and the Glen flow law

Abstract. Viscous flow in ice is often described by the Glen flow law – a non-Newtonian, power-law relationship between stress and strain rate with a stress exponent n ∼ 3. The Glen law is attributed to grain-size-insensitive dislocation creep; however, laboratory and field studies demonstrate that deformation in ice can be strongly dependent on grain size. This has led to the hypothesis that at sufficiently low stresses, ice flow is controlled by grain boundary sliding, which explicitly incorporates the grain size dependence of ice rheology. Experimental studies find that neither dislocation creep ( n ∼ 4) nor grain boundary sliding ( n ∼ 1.8) have stress exponents that match the value of n ∼ 3 in the Glen law. Thus, although the Glen law provides an approximate description of ice flow in glaciers and ice sheets, its functional form is not explained by a single deformation mechanism. Here we seek to understand the origin of the n ∼ 3 dependence of the Glen law by using the “wattmeter” to model grain size evolution in ice. The wattmeter posits that grain size is controlled by a balance between the mechanical work required for grain growth and dynamic grain size reduction. Using the wattmeter, we calculate grain size evolution in two end-member cases: (1) a 1-D shear zone and (2) as a function of depth within an ice sheet. Calculated grain sizes match both laboratory data and ice core observations for the interior of ice sheets. Finally, we show that variations in grain size with deformation conditions result in an effective stress exponent intermediate between grain boundary sliding and dislocation creep, which is consistent with a value of n = 3 ± 0.5 over the range of strain rates found in most natural systems.
Post-transcriptional tuning of FGF signaling mediates neural crest induction

Ectodermal patterning is required for the establishment of multiple components of the vertebrate body plan. Previous studies have demonstrated that precise combinations of extracellular signals induce distinct ectodermal cell populations, such as the neural crest and the neural plate. Yet, we still lack understanding of how the response to inductive signals is modulated to generate the proper transcriptional output in target cells. Here we show that posttranscriptional attenuation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for the establishment of the neural crest territory. We found that neural crest progenitors display elevated expression of DICER, which promotes enhanced maturation of a set of cell-type-specific miRNAs. These miRNAs collectively target components of the FGF signaling pathway, a central player in the process of neural induction in amniotes. Inactivation of this posttranscriptional circuit results in a fate switch, in which neural crest cells are converted into progenitors of the central nervous system. Thus, the posttranscriptional attenuation of signaling systems is a prerequisite for proper segregation of ectodermal cell types. These findings demonstrate how posttranscriptional repression may alter the activity of signaling systems to generate distinct spatial domains of progenitor cells.
Soil Health Management Enhances Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Capacity and Activity

Soil microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) can be affected by soil health management practices. Here, we report in situ seasonal dynamics of the population size (gene copy abundances) and functional activity (transcript copy abundances) of five bacterial genes involved in soil N cycling (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [AOB] amoA, nifH, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) in a long-term continuous cotton production system under different management practices (cover crops, tillage, and inorganic N fertilization). Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a leguminous cover crop, most effectively promoted the expression of N cycle genes, which persisted after cover crop termination throughout the growing season. Moreover, we observed similarly high or even higher N cycle gene transcript abundances under vetch with no fertilizer as no cover crop with N fertilization throughout the cover crop peak and cotton growing seasons (April, May, and October). Further, both the gene and transcript abundances of amoA and nosZ were positively correlated to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We also found that the abundances of amoA genes and transcripts both positively correlated to field and incubated net nitrification rates. Together, our results revealed relationships between microbial functional capacity and activity and in situ soil N transformations under different agricultural seasons and soil management practices.IMPORTANCE Conservation agriculture practices that promote soil health have distinct and lasting effects on microbial populations involved with soil nitrogen (N) cycling. In particular, using a leguminous winter cover crop (hairy vetch) promoted the expression of key functional genes involved in soil N cycling, equaling or exceeding the effects of inorganic N fertilizer. Hairy vetch also left a legacy on soil nutrient capacity by promoting the continued activity of N cycling microbes after cover crop termination and into the main growing season. By examining both genes and transcripts involved in soil N cycling, we showed different responses of functional capacity (i.e., gene abundances) and functional activity (i.e., transcript abundances) to agricultural seasons and management practices, adding to our understanding of the effects of soil health management practices on microbial ecology.
Vitrimer Transition Temperature Identification: Coupling Various Thermomechanical Methodologies

Vitrimers hold great promise as adaptive materials capable of shape reconfigurability, welding, and self-healing due to dynamic covalent reactions occurring above the vitrimer transition temperatur...
The connection between molecular switches and mechanophores

Download : Download high-res image (362KB) Download : Download full-size image Dr. Hai Qian earned his BS and MS in chemistry at Nankai University, where he worked with Prof. Yu Liu on supramolecular polymers. In 2012, he moved to the US and worked under the guidance of Prof. Ivan Aprahamian at Dartmouth College for his PhD, during which he was focused on the development of hydrazone-based switches, fluorophores, and adaptive materials. He is currently a postdoctoral research associate in Prof. Jeffrey Moore’s lab, where he develops retrograde reactions for sustainable energy storage and also investigates force as a means to trigger a variety of productive mechanochemical transformations.
Effect of multi-phase flow on asphaltene deposition: Field case application of integrated simulator

Abstract Asphaltene is initially stable in the oil, but when there is a change in pressure, temperature, or composition, particles tend to phase out and form precipitants. Issues arise when those particles diffuse toward the wall and deposit, which contributes to reducing the flowing area and increasing the pressure drop. Preventing precipitation is the optimum solution to maintain the target production rate; however, it is challenging to avoid favorable precipitation conditions. Remedies and treatments to mitigate this issue cause the oil industry a considerable increase in expenditure and time; thus, it is necessary to develop a tool to accurately predict the deposition for a wide range of operating conditions, especially in multiphase flow. In this study, a multiphase simulator is developed by coupling thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and asphaltene modules to predict the deposition. A deposition data obtained from a field case is used to validate the robustness of the simulator. The simulator results matched well with the asphaltene deposition and the equilibrium profile available in the literature. The simulation approach presented here offers useful insights into the effect of multiphase flow on asphaltene deposition and eventually aid in improving the accuracy of prediction. Using single-phase assumption under multiphase conditions contributed to a significant error in the prediction, and these inaccuracies may lead to a substantial economic and operational burden for the oil and gas industry.
Working Together, Six Feet Apart: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2020-03

The electrical industry has greatly evolved over the past several decades. Originally, there was no such thing as a “safety culture”. Now, hundreds of the industry's leading minds show up annually for a full week to learn, listen, and exchange ideas for stopping electrical incidents and injuries in the workplace. Under normal operations, most companies have adopted the “Safety First” mantra. In 2020, the world was faced with something it had never seen before; a modern-day pandemic. This completely changed the way that we here in the United States were able to conduct business. When circumstances change so rapidly even on a day to day basis and people's businesses and the ability to support their families are put on the line, is safety still first? In this paper, we will discuss the struggles of operating a business and keeping employees as safe as possible during the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) (COVID-19) Pandemic. We linked with other professionals and centers of excellence from around the world in the electrical sector to advance our mission of a Safety-First culture. The innovations required involved human performance best practices to overcome these substantial barriers to everyday work tasks. The US Department of Homeland Security deemed the Energy Sector as critically essential. They stated, “The U.S. energy infrastructure fuels the economy of the 21st century. Without a stable energy supply, health and welfare are threatened, and the U.S. economy cannot function [1].” The electrical industry could not shut down in this crisis. Our industry needed to adapt, in real-time, to the environments they were in. Engineers, technicians, and electricians dealt daily with this new hazard that they could not see, interestingly not unlike electricity. The ongoing respect for electricity that our employees have always had, along with the ability to adapt quickly in innovative ways made it possible to still provide this essential work to keep the country moving.
Integrative Science Approach to Resilience: The Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (NDHWB)

Although many studies have unequivocally demonstrated the promise of understanding resilience to adversity and characterizing the consequences if stress is unabated, needed are dynamic theories and...
Conclusion: Why We Teach: Aspirations and Inspirations

As we have seen, the three chapters in Part I show how race/ethnicity, gender, and sexualities coalesce to produce different experiences for those who want to pursue, and ultimately enter, educational sectors. All three of the pieces highlight the various ways that individuals aspire to become teachers but also chronicle some of the challenges they encounter along the way, and how they may be overcome.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor versus exaggerated placental site: a diagnostic dilemma.

A 30-year-old woman was referred with a diagnosis of placental site trophoblastic tumor. Her history was notable for two first trimester miscarriages due to a uterine septum. When hysteroscopic resection of the septum was performed, a lesion was discovered along the left septal wall. Her serum human
Relating residual stress to thin film growth processes via a kinetic model and real-time experiments

Abstract Polycrystalline thin films often have residual stress that is affected by the growth conditions (temperature, deposition rate, etc.) and material parameters. Real-time wafer curvature measurements from many groups have enabled the stress evolution with thickness and its dependence on processing conditions to be quantitatively determined for a large number of systems. Based on these results, we have developed a model for the stress evolution that focuses on the processes that occur at the evolving grain boundary between adjacent grains. The model includes parameters to predict the dependence of the stress on the diffusivity, growth rate, grain size and morphology. In this manuscript, we review the physical basis for this model and compare its predictions with two sets of measurements. In the first case, we consider the evolution of stress in films grown on patterned substrate in which the morphology of the film is known precisely, allowing for direct comparison with the model. In the second case, we consider the steady-state stress as a function of the deposition rate in electrodeposited films.
DNA polymerase ε and its roles in genome stability

DNA Polymerase Epsilon (Pol e) is one of three DNA Polymerases (along with Pol δ and Pol α) required for nuclear DNA replication in eukaryotes. Pol e is comprised of four subunits, the largest of which is encoded by the POLE gene and contains the catalytic polymerase and exonuclease activities. The 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity is able to correct DNA synthesis errors and helps protect against genome instability. Recent cancer genome sequencing efforts have shown that 3% of colorectal and 7% of endometrial cancers contain mutations within the exonuclease domain of POLE and are associated with significantly elevated levels of single nucleotide substitutions (15-500 per Mb) and microsatellite stability. POLE mutations have also been found in other tumor types, though at lower frequency, suggesting roles in tumorigenesis more broadly in different tissue types. In addition to its proofreading activity, Pol e contributes to genome stability through multiple mechanisms that are discussed in this review.
The relationship between self-rating of expressed inclusion and speaking time.

This study examined the relationship between Expressed Inclusion and speaking time. Expressed Inclusion scores were obtained from subjects' self-ratings on FIRO-B. Speaking time was defined as the ...
Regulation, Capital, and Organizational Form in U.S. Life Insurance

This paper studies the influence of the legal environment and economic conditions on the form taken by life insurance company incorporations between 1900 and 1949. It identifies three key factors associated with mutual formation - low initial capital requirements for mutuals, regulatory favoritism, and economic distress. Mutuals were formed almost exclusively in states offering an explicit advantage to mutual incorporation in the form of reduced initial capital requirements. This suggests that the mutual form's disadvantage in raising capital, in conjunction with rising capital requirements and the elimination of such regulatory favoritism, may have contributed to the decline in its use.
Updating Reduced Implicate Tries

The reduced implicate trie, introduced in [11], is a data structure that may be used as a target language for knowledge compilation. It has the property that, even when large, it guarantees fast response to queries. Specifically, a query can be processed in time linear in the size of the queryregardless of the size of the compiled knowledge base. The knowledge compilation paradigm typically assumes that the "intractable part" of the processing be done once, during compilation. This assumption could render updating the knowledge base infeasible if recompilation is required. The ability to install updates without recompilation may therefore considerably widen applicability. In this paper, several update operations not requiring recompilation are developed. These include disjunction, substitution of truth constants, conjunction with unit clauses, reordering of variables, and conjunction with clauses.
Extension of Bacillus endospore gas dynamic heating studies to multiple species and test conditions

Aims: Shock wave–induced damage to a variety of Bacillus endospore species is studied for a wide range of postshock temperatures and test times in oxidative and non-oxidative gas environments. Methods and Results: Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis endospores are nebulized into an aqueous aerosol, loaded into the Stanford aerosol shock tube (SAST) and subjected to shock waves of controlled strength. Endospores experience uniform test temperatures between 500 and 1000 K and pressures ranging from 2 to 7 atm, for either a short test time (∼2·5 ms) or a relatively long test time (∼45 ms). During this process, the bioaerosol is observed using in situ laser absorption and scattering diagnostics. Additionally, shock-treated samples are extracted for ex situ analysis including viability plating and flow cytometry. For short test times, results are consistent with previous studies; all endospore species begin to lose the ability to form colonies when shock-heated to temperatures above 500 K, while significant breakdown in morphology is observed for postshock temperatures above 700 K. Oxidative bath gases did not affect viability losses or morphological breakdown rates. Experiments with extended postshock test time showed increased viability loss with minimal morphological damage for shocks between 600 and 700 K. Conclusions: Genetic differences between B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus endospores do not confer noticeable gains in resistance to shock heating. Oxidative environments do not exacerbate shock-induced damage to endospores. Extended test time experiments reinforce our hypothesis that a temperature/time-dependent inactivation mechanism that does not involve morphological breakdown exists at low-to-moderate postshock temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study: The methodology and experiments described in this paper extend the study of the interactions of endospores with shock/blast waves to new species and environmental conditions.
Sexual Murder: Catathymic and Compulsive Homicides

Sexual Murder: Catathymic and Compulsive Homicides is the culmination of the author’s 45 years of experience with, and studying, sexually motivated homicide. Sexual murders are generally of two types — catathymic and compulsive. Catathymic homicides are caused by a breakthrough of underlying sexual conflicts. They can be unplanned, explosive (acute) attacks or planned murders stemming from a chronic obsession with, or disturbed attachment to, the victim. In compulsive homicides, a fusion of sex and aggression results in a powerful internal drive which pushes the offender to seek out victims to kill — and the killing itself is sexually gratifying. These murders also may be planned or unplanned. In compulsive homicides that are unplanned, the urge breaks through and disrupts the offender’s controls when a victim of opportunity crosses his path. The compulsive offender who plans his crimes often eludes law enforcement, and as a result he can have multiple (serial) victims over extended periods of time. Both forms of sexual murder — the catathymic and the compulsive — are presented in this volume from a clinical-descriptive perspective encompassing case studies with analysis. Recent advances in empirical research in sexual murder—including findings from the joint research project between John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit in Quantico—has published many important studies. These include such topics as necrophilia, foreign object insertions in sexual homicide, ritual and signature and temporal patterns in serial sexual homicide, mass murder, crime scene staging in homicide, and undoing (symbolic reversal) at homicide scenes. All such research will be included and incorporate into this fully updated Second Edition, including approximately fifty new clinical case studies.
Mapping Petri Nets and Metagraphs: A Step Towards Inter-Organizational Workflows.

In a world of increasing inter-connectedness between firms, workflow management systems that can interoperate with each are becoming of increasing importance. In light of the number of different modeling techniques used to model workflows, mapping between different workflow modeling techniques is an important problem. This paper proposes a mapping between Petri Nets and Metagraphs based on the underlying characteristics of the two models. Providing such a map would enable workflow management systems based on different metamodels to understand and communicate with each other to a greater degree than the current state of the art permits. In addition, providing a mapping between these two related modeling techniques would allow designers the ability to use the strengths of each the techniques. Finally, it would be a step in the direction of a Unified Modeling Language which could be used to model both metamodels.
Presentation of the Problem

Forty Microcomputers described by 10 qualitative variables and 4 quantitative variables are given. The problem is how to cluster this set of heterogeneous data. The informations (description variables) has been collected in a special issue of “L’Ordinateur Individuel Revue 84/85”.
Developing Competitive Advantage

Abstract According to the study findings, international sourcing is being used to close the gap between the strategic posture of the firm and its efforts to integrate its process to implement this strategy. In other words, international sourcing is a powerful tool to enhance the firm's international competitive advantage. Two groups of companies were analyzed. The first group used international sourcing as a strategic tool and the second did not. Study findings indicate that the strategic group had a more complex and far reaching international sourcing activity than the non-strategic group. The strategic group was more satisfied with their international sourcing activity than the non-strategic group.
A representation theorem for local LSI operators on two-sided sequences

Abstract A linear shift-invariant operator on two-sided sequences can be represented as a convolution for all possible inputs if and only if the operator is local in the sense that the value of any output element is completely determined by a finite number of input elements. Any such operator must have a finite impulse response.
A DNA virus of Drosophila.

Little is known about the viruses infecting most species. Even in groups as well-studied as Drosophila, only a handful of viruses have been well-characterized. A viral metagenomic approach was used to explore viral diversity in 83 wild-caught Drosophila innubila, a mushroom feeding member of the quinaria group. A single fly that was injected with, and died from, Drosophila C Virus (DCV) was added to the sample as a control. Two-thirds of reads in the infected sample had DCV as the best BLAST hit, suggesting that the protocol developed is highly sensitive. In addition to the DCV hits, several sequences had Oryctes rhinoceros Nudivirus, a double-stranded DNA virus, as a best BLAST hit. The virus associated with these sequences was termed Drosophila innubila Nudivirus (DiNV). PCR screens of natural populations showed that DiNV was both common and widespread taxonomically and geographically. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of virions in fly fecal material similar in structure to other described Nudiviruses. In 2 species, D. innubila and D. falleni, the virus is associated with a severe (∼80–90%) loss of fecundity and significantly decreased lifespan.
Effect of intralist categorization on paired-associate learning

Paired-associate learning was retarded significantly when an identical cue was added to subsets of pairs in a 16-pair list. The decrement, relative to a single-stimulus condition, (a) increased in magnitude with an increase in number of subset cues (2, 4, and 8); and (b) was significant for cues of high and low meaningfulness. With a different cue added to each pair, there was a shift to facilitation when the added cues were of high meaningfulness. The results are discussed in terms of Ss' use of subset cues to categorize pairs.
Chiral anomaly and high-energy scattering in QCD

Infrared properties of the triangle anomaly and the ``anomaly pole'' are elaborated and applied to the study of high-energy scattering in QCD, when the gauge symmetry is partially broken to SU(2). It is shown that the chiral flavor anomaly provides a wee-gluon component for Goldstone bosons that combines with interactions due to the U(1) anomaly to produce an infrared transverse momentum scaling divergence in scattering amplitudes. After the divergence is factorized out, as a wee-gluon condensate in the infinite momentum pion, the remaining physical amplitudes have confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. A lowest-order contribution to the pion scattering amplitude is calculated in detail. Although originating from very complicated diagrams, the amplitude has a remarkable (semi)perturbative simplicity. The momentum structure is that of single gluon exchange but zero transverse momentum quarks inject additional spin and color structure via anomaly interactions.
Legal Diversity in the Middle East: Some Comparative Research Horizons

This paper sketches the contours of Middle Eastern jurisprudence by focusing on the historical processes which gave rise to Islamic law and the four schools of justice which branched out from the seminal doctrines of Muhammad. Sources of case law and potential research horizons are discussed within the framework of comparative criminal justice.
On the Hemolytic and Thrombogenic Potential of Occluder Prosthetic Heart Valves From In-Vitro Measurements

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the magnitude of shear stresses and areas of stasis of several types of prosthetic occluder heart valves. These experiments were performed in a steady-flow test loop using an axisymmetric aortic-shaped test chamber and an aqueous-glycerine solution. The flow loop produced a low-turbulence intensity and uniform mean velocity profile upstream of the test chamber. Tests were performed on a Kay-Shiley disk, a Bjork-Shiley tilting disk and Starr-Edwards Models 1260 and 2320 ball prostheses at Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 6200. Momentum transfer and turbulence data were obtained both around and distal to the valve occluders using laser Doppler and hot-film anemometry. The region directly surrounding the valve occluders contained the largest stresses measured. Aortic wall shear measurements revealed magnitudes potentially damaging to the vessel lining. Regions of slowly moving separated flow found to exist in these occluder valve flow fields correlated with clinical findings of thrombus formation.