cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KUALITAS HASIL PRODUK LULUSAN KURSUS KETERAMPILAN MENJAHIT YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ADHIPUTERI DI KOTA MAKASSAR (Studi Kasus Pada Lima Lulusan Yang Telah Membuka Usaha Modiste)

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas hasil produk lulusan kursus keterampilan menjahit Yayasan Pendidikan Adhiputeri (Studi kasus pada lima lulusan yang telah membuka usaha modiste). Sampel sebanyak 5 penjahit dengan 30 lembar busana hasil jahitan yang terdiri dari 2 busana pesta, 2 busana kerja dan 2 busana kasual. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa gambaran kualitas hasil produk lulusan kursus keterampilan menjahit Busana Yayasan Pendidikan Adhiputeri dari 5 pengusaha modiste memiliki tingkat kualitas jahitan antara 60%-79% masuk dalam kategori baik dan kualitas hasil produk tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yaitu; a) manusia/SDM, seperti umur pengusaha rata-rata 30-40 tahun sebanyak 80%, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa umur penjahit modiste berada pada usia yang sangat produktif untuk mengembangkan usahanya pada masa yang akan datang dan tingkat pendidikan SMA sebanyak 80%, dapat dinyatakan bahwa secara umum penjahit lulusan kursus didominasi oleh tamatan sekolah lanjutan menengah atas b) modal, peralatan menjahit yang digunakan cukup lengkap sebanyak 80%, dan jumlah tenaga kerja yang masih kurang sebanyak 60%, sedangkan jumlah jahitan perminggu sangat banyak yaitu di atas 10 jahitan sebanyak 60%, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jahitan perminggu yang cukup banyak dengan jumlah tenaga kerja terbatas akan mempengaruhi kualitas produk jahitan. Kata kunci : lulusan, kursus, kualitas produk
Human Factors Applied to the Understanding of the Importance of Therapeutic Clothing Textiles for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The aim of this study was to identify significant design features and textiles that would alleviate sensitivities for children with ASD. Small groups of randomized children with ASD and their parents participated in the study, pertaining to design features and textile related to characteristics of ASD. In the experiments, we tested weighted vests with three types of textiles (neoprene, wool, and denim) and newly developed prototypes with various textiles, including bamboo jersey, nylon with durable repellent, cotton, organic cotton, and polyester fleece. In this study, individuals with ASD exhibited certain tactile design preferences. Results from this study led to the development of sensory clothing products and provide evidence based therapeutic clothing design for individuals who have the everyday challenges posed by the characteristics of ASD.
Area-wide analysis of hardwood defoliator effects on tree conditions in the allegheny plateau

The effects of defoliation caused by three foliage feeding insects, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), the cherry scallopshell moth (Hydria prunivorata), and the elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius), on tree mortality and crown conditions were evaluated using data collected from 1984 to 1999 in the Allegheny National Forest located in northwestern Pennsylvania. While previous studies have focused on the effects of defoliation on trees in individual stands, this study differed in that it used exhaustive maps of defoliation and an areawide network of plots to assess these efects. A geographic information system was used to map the coincidence of USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring plot locations with defoliation polygons derived from aerial surveys to calculate cumulative years of defoliation for each pest. Over 85% of the Allegheny National Forest land area was defoliated at least once during the 16-year period from 1984 to 1999. Frequency of defoliation by specific defoliator species was closely associated with the dominance of their primary hosts in stands. Frequency of defoliation was often associated with crown dieback and mortality, but these relationships were not detectable in all species. These results suggest that when impacts are averaged over large areas (such as in this study) effects of defoliation are likely to be considerably less severe than when measured in selected stands (as is the approach taken in most previous impact studies).
Incremental heuristic search in games: the quest for speed

Robot path-planning methods can be used in real-time computer games but then need to run fast to ensure that the game characters move in real time, an issue addressed by incremental heuristic search methods. In this paper, we demonstrate how one can speed up D* Lite, an incremental heuristic search method that implements planning with the freespace assumption to move game characters in initially unknown or partially unknown terrain to given goal coordinates. We speed up D* Lite by implementing its priority queue with buckets rather than a binary heap. This non-trivial change reduces its runtime by a factor of two and effectively doubles the number of game characters that real-time computer games can afford.
Sun-Mediated Mechanical LINC Between Nucleus and Cytoskeleton Regulates βcatenin Nuclear Access

βcatenin acts as a primary intracellular signal transducer for mechanical and Wnt signaling pathways to control cell function and fate. Regulation of βcatenin in the cytoplasm has been well studied but βcatenin nuclear trafficking and function remains unclear. In a previous study we showed that, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), mechanical blockade of adipogenesis relied on inhibition of βcatenin destruction complex element GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) to increase nuclear βcatenin as well as the function of Linker of Cytoskeleton and Nucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, suggesting that these two mechanisms may be linked. Here we show that shortly after inactivation of GSK3β due to either low intensity vibration (LIV), substrate strain or pharmacologic inhibition, βcatenin associates with the nucleoskeleton, defined as the insoluble nuclear fraction that provides structure to the integrated nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina and chromatin. Co-depleting LINC elements Sun-1 and Sun-2 interfered with both nucleoskeletal association and nuclear entry of βcatenin, resulting in decreased nuclear βcatenin levels. Our findings reveal that the insoluble structural nucleoskeleton actively participates in βcatenin dynamics. As the cytoskeleton transmits applied mechanical force to the nuclear surface to influence the nucleoskeleton and its LINC mediated interaction, our results suggest a pathway by which LINC mediated connectivity may play a role in signaling pathways that depend on nuclear access of βcatenin.
The Effect of Fuel Depletion on Stochastic Behaviour in Supercritical Systems

Extensive studies have been carried out of the probability distribution of neutron number in multiplying systems and a comprehensive list of references is available! Essentially, the procedure involves the construction of a probability balance equation for P(n,t), the probability that exactly n neutrons are present in the system at time t. Various extensions to this distribution may easily be developed which include delayed neutron precursors, number of counts recorded, etc. An aspect of this general problem that has by and large been neglected is the inclusion of burn-up of the fissile material. That is, the destruction of nuclei that occurs when fission takes place. The justification for such neglect is that during the time of measurement the number of nuclei destroyed is negligible compared with those remaining. This is indeed true except in one special case; namely that of a nuclear explosion. In this case, the time scale is such (10-7s) that a large fraction of the fissile material is consumed before the period of interest is over.
Should Rule 501 (Acts Discreditable) of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct be Repealed? A Philosophical Look at a Practical Ethical Question

Rule 501 (Acts Discreditable) of the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct prohibits certain activities. Ostensibly aimed at protecting the public, Rule 501 is sometimes used to protect the public accounting profession, either at the expense of the general public or at the expense of some individual who might have done nothing to harm either another individual or the accounting profession. This article discusses Rule 501 from several economic and ethical perspectives and takes a look at the rent-seeking aspects of the rule.
Physiology of Multiple Calcium Channels

Calcium ions entering cells via voltage-dependent calcium channels play a fundamental role in many cellular processes. For instance, calcium is involved in both synaptic transmission and hormone release in neuronal and secretory cells. In many excitable cells, calcium ions act as a charge carrier. Calcium ions activate the contractile machinery of both heart and skeletal muscle. In heart the slow inward Ca current is critically involved in maintaining the normal rhythmicity needed to keep the heart beating. As can be seen from the few examples listed above, Ca channels play a dual role in many excitable cells. They are capable of responding to and influencing a cell’s electrical properties; in many cells the Ca channels alone, or in combination with sodium channels, generate the cellular action potentials. The Ca channels’ second function is that of a transducer. By opening or closing in response to the cell membrane potential they help regulate on a millisecond time scale the influx of calcium ions, one of the best characterized intracellular second messengers, into the cell. Elevated intracellular levels of calcium will activate other ion channels, such as Ca-dependent K channels or Ca-dependent non-selective channels, leading to complex electrical behaviors. It is also possible that calcium entering the cell through Ca channels may be involved in modulating a variety of cellular processes including Ca-dependent enzyme systems such as Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase C. (Hagiwara and Byerly (1981, 1983), Pallotta, Magleby and Barrett (1982), Yellen (1982), Carafoli (1983), Reuter (1983), Hille (1984), Nishizuka (1984, 1986), Carafoli and Penniston (1985), Tsien (1986)).
Understanding and Managing Caregiver Burden in Cerebrovascular Disease

Caregiver burden refers to a range of problems that may occur during the process of providing informal care for an individual with an illness. The association between the demands of caregiving on the caregiver’s own physical and mental health and the indirect effect on the care recipient has been well-documented during the past two decades. Nevertheless, these findings have not been routinely applied to the clinical management of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), particularly vascular dementia (VaD). Chronic stressors can include disease-specific characteristics (e.g., level of care needed to complete activities of daily living [ADLs], cognitive and physical limitations, and behavioral disturbance), as well as secondary stressors, such as financial burden and disruption of family relationships. Although factors such as patient characteristics and caregiver demographic variables contribute to caregiver burden, there is strong evidence suggesting that caregivers’ perceptions, coping skills, and resources play a major role. Given these findings, psychosocial interventions focused on adjusting caregiver appraisal, improving coping skills, and increasing self-efficacy may be targeted in psychosocial interventions to effectively reduce caregiver burden.
The No-U-turn sampler: adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that avoids the random walk behavior and sensitivity to correlated parameters that plague many MCMC methods by taking a series of steps informed by first-order gradient information. These features allow it to converge to high-dimensional target distributions much more quickly than simpler methods such as random walk Metropolis or Gibbs sampling. However, HMC's performance is highly sensitive to two user-specified parameters: a step size e and a desired number of steps L. In particular, if L is too small then the algorithm exhibits undesirable random walk behavior, while if L is too large the algorithm wastes computation. We introduce the No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS), an extension to HMC that eliminates the need to set a number of steps L. NUTS uses a recursive algorithm to build a set of likely candidate points that spans a wide swath of the target distribution, stopping automatically when it starts to double back and retrace its steps. Empirically, NUTS performs at least as efficiently as (and sometimes more effciently than) a well tuned standard HMC method, without requiring user intervention or costly tuning runs. We also derive a method for adapting the step size parameter e on the fly based on primal-dual averaging. NUTS can thus be used with no hand-tuning at all, making it suitable for applications such as BUGS-style automatic inference engines that require efficient "turnkey" samplers.
The Gatekeepers of US Elections: Exploring Street Level Bureaucrats in Montana

Following the 2016 presidential election, the Trump administration pressed for the creation of a nationwide voter fraud investigatory commission, which is now inactive. However, some Americans deac...
Affective Disorders with Psychosis in Youth: An Update

Mood disorders, including major depression and mania, can present with psychotic features. In youth psychotic-like phenomena such as "seeing faces in the dark" or "hearing noises" are fairly common. Rates of lifetime psychotic symptoms are much higher than rates of psychosis during a "current" episode of mania or depression in youth. Psychotic phenomena can be mood congruent or incongruent. A detailed mental status examination and clinical history include questioning to ensure the informants understand the questions being asked. There are interviews that structure how questions are asked, and rating scales that help anchor severity and quality of the mood episode.
Effect of Participation in Light, Medium, and Heavy Exercise upon Accuracy in Motor Performance of Junior High School Girls

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying amounts of exercise on accuracy in throwing a Softball. The subjects, 56 junior high school girls, were classified as either skilled or unskilled performers, and accuracy measures were taken following 5, 10, and 20 bouts of activity. It was concluded that: (a) there is no difference in the effect of light exercise as compared with moderate and heavy exercise on the throwing accuracy of either the skilled or the unskilled subjects; (b) unskilled subjects show a higher degree of accuracy following exercise at each of the three levels of duration than they do following no exercise; and (c) skilled subjects show no change in accuracy following light and moderate exercise, but they show a decrease in accuracy following heavy exercise.
CHAPTER 3 – PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physical aspects of DP security. Physical security is the prerequisite for any security program. To demonstrate the basic attributes of an acceptable physical security program, graphically, the chapter presents an installation layout. For the restricted access mechanism to be successful, it is essential that all access to and egress from a restricted area is controlled. Installations should be designed so that computer operators or other computer installation personnel have a “view” of the main installation entrance, in their normal working area:“view” refers to a visual and audible view of the main entrance. This can be accomplished through the use of strategically placed mirrors and buzzers. An integral part of any computer installation is its input and output areas. Among the general considerations are people's attitudes, installation cleanliness, and emergency/first aid education.
Cocaine Addiction and Treatment

Cocaine use disorder represents a substantial clinical and public health burden in many countries, yet there are no well-proven and broadly effective pharmacological treatments available and no medication approved for this indication by any national regulatory authority. Medications with efficacy in more than one controlled clinical trial include disulfiram, oral stimulants in sustained-release formulation, bupropion, and the anticonvulsant topiramate. Cocaine-metabolizing enzyme, an anti-cocaine vaccine, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have each shown promise in small clinical trials. In the absence of proven, broadly effective medications, the mainstay of treatment remains psychosocial interventions, such as contingency management and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Integration of Safety Systems with Control Systems

In Chaps. 3 and 4, process operational safety has been directly incorporated into control system design to avoid unsafe operating conditions. However, it is impossible to eliminate all hazards due to disturbances and device failures in chemical plants, and therefore, a safety system, comprised of several independent layers, should be employed. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 1.1, a complete control and safety system used in industries includes basic process control systems (BPCSs), alarm systems, emergency shutdown systems (ESSs), and safety relief devices.
A Nearly Fatal Case of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteremia Secondary to a Naturopathic Intravenous Vitamin Infusion.

In this article, we report a case of a 52-year-old female with no past medical history who presented with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea following a naturopathic intravenous vitamin infusion that w...
On Hilbert cubes and primitive roots in finite fields

We consider the problem of bounding the dimension of Hilbert cubes in a finite field $$\mathbb {F}_p$$ that does not contain any primitive roots. We show that the dimension of such Hilbert cubes is $$O_{\varepsilon }(p^{1/8+\varepsilon })$$ for any $$\varepsilon > 0$$ , matching what can be deduced from the classical Burgess estimate in the special case when the Hilbert cube is an arithmetic progression. We also consider the dual problem of bounding the dimension of multiplicative Hilbert cubes avoiding an interval.
What Does Your Garden Show? Explorations of the Semiotics of the Garden

Etymologically, garden has been defined by the fencing in or enclosure of an outdoor space for the use of humans—for the cultivation of food; for aesthetic, sensual, and emotional experiences; and for the nurturing of the human spirit. Gardens not only reflect our interactions with the land through our physical work with soil and plants but also act as “a mirror of the society which creates it” (Bequette, Gardens: A cultural flowering. UNESCO Courier, p. 44, 1997). Through their design and use, gardens act as texts that can be explored to gain insight into historical and current relationships with the land. Symbolically, gardens can also illustrate philosophical predilections and metaphysical relations. This chapter, through a historical exploration of the semiotics of the garden, considers the signs and what is signified by the garden text. From the academies of ancient Greece to medieval monastic gardens to villas of the Renaissance to the Baroque state gardens of Versailles, it follows traces of power and privilege of the individual, family, state, and church. The chapter also looks at current shared community and school gardens and looks forward meditating on who and what is present and absent and how representations of power and privilege are cultivated in the garden.
Echovirus polymyositis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia: Failure of high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy and review of the literature

Abstract A 29-year-old man with X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia was treated with prednisone and methotrexate for polymyositis. Subsequently, it was established that disseminated echovirus 11 infection was causing the polymyositis. Treatment with large doses of intravenous gamma-globulin did not result in improvement. Viral cultures of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid gave positive results throughout treatment and at postmortem examination. Multiple cultures of other tissues, including muscle, also gave positive results at postmortem examination. Severity of infection and treatment with prednisone and methotrexate prior to referral, diagnosis, and gammaglobulin treatment may explain the lack of response. A review of 23 cases of echovirus infection in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia revealed that the infection in these patients may cause meningoencephalitis or a polymyositis-like syndrome or both. Treatment with immunosuppressive agents, the standard therapy for polymyositis, is contraindicated, and intravenous or intraventricular gammaglobulin or both may be helpful.
A Retrospective and Prospective View of Information Technology Professionals' Use of Tools: Maturing the User Experience

The Information Technology (IT) professional's user experience has evolved both in terms of software tool attributes and the process workflow within which the IT tasks exist. Based on user research with IT professionals over the past two decades, including ethnographic observational field studies, focus group discussions, and hands-on user tests with analyses of errors and perceived complexities, this paper presents a set of hypotheses about user interface design aspects that across the industry most impede the workflow of typical IT professionals. It discusses how this relates to typical information workers' behavior, as well as what steps we as tools and systems designers can take to better support the IT professionals' user interface needs.
On Spohn's Theory of Epistemic Beliefs

This paper is about Spohn's theory of epistemic beliefs. The main ingredients of Spohn's theory are (i) a functional representation of an epistemic state called a disbelief function, and (ii) a rule for revising this function in light of new information. The main contribution of this paper is as follows. First, we provide a new axiomatic definition of an epistemic state and study some of its properties. Second, we state a rule for combining disbelief functions that is mathematically equivalent to Spohn's belief revision rule. Whereas Spohn's rule is defined in terms of the initial epistemic state and some features of the final epistemic state, the rule of combination is defined in terms of the initial epistemic state and the incremental epistemic state representing the information gained. Third, we state a rule of subtraction that allows one to recover the addendum epistemic state from the initial and final epistemic states. Fourth, we study some properties of our rule of combination. One distinct advantage of our rule of combination is that besides belief revision, it can also be used to describe an initial epistemic state for many variables when this information is provided in the form of several independent epistemic states each involving a small number of variables. Another advantage of our reformulation is that we are able to demonstrate that Spohn's theory of epistemic beliefs shares the essential abstract features of probability theory and the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. One implication of this is that we have a ready-made algorithm for propagating disbelief functions using only local computation.
Existence of cascade discrete-continuous state estimators for systems on a partial order

In this paper, a cascade discrete-continuous state estimator on a partial order is proposed and its existence investigated. The continuous state estimation error is bounded by a monotonically nonincreasing function of the discrete state estimation error, with both the estimation errors converging to zero. This work shows that the lattice approach to estimation is general as the proposed estimator can be constructed for any observable and discrete state observable system. The main advantage of using the lattice approach for estimation becomes clear when the system has monotone properties that can be exploited in the estimator design. In such a case, the computational complexity of the estimator can be drastically reduced and tractability can be achieved. Some examples are proposed to illustrate these ideas.
Risk Factors of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents: Review of Empirical Literature and Practice Implications

Abstract Many researchers of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents describe them as an “invisible” minority. These youth are also one of the most “at risk” youth populations, as they often experience a range of problems related to society's stigmatization of same-sex orientation. Although sexual orientation is not necessarily related to heightened difficulties, lack of social support, infrequent positive interactions, and chronic stress may lead to increased problem behaviors for these youth. To further understand the risk and protective factors experienced by sexual minority adolescents, this article explores a number of these factors and reviews the current empirical research on specific topics, including: family, peer and school, substance use, suicide, and HIV/AIDS issues. Finally, practice implications are discussed to guide clinicians in working more effectively with this youth population.
Accounting for Income Inequality and its Change: A New Method, With Application to the Distribution of Earnings in the United States

This paper devises a new method for using the information contained in income-generating equations to “account for” or “decompose” the level of income inequality in a country and its change over time. In the levels decomposition, the shares attributed to each explanatory factor are independent of the particular inequality measure used. In the change decomposition, methods are presented to break down the contribution of each explanatory factor into a coefficients effect, a correlation effect, and a standard deviation effect. In an application to rising earnings inequality in the United States, it is found that schooling is the single most explanatory variable, only one other variable (occupation) has any appreciable role to play, and all of schooling’s effect was a coefficients effect.
Theoretical study of the spontaneous electron-hole exciton condensates between n and p-type MoS 2 monolayers, toward beyond CMOS applications

We model equilibrium properties of possible room-temperature electron-hole exciton condensates formed between two dielectrically separated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers, MoS 2 layers here, toward application to novel beyond CMOS devices. Our simulation method employs an interlayer Fock exchange interaction incorporated into an otherwise intra-layer tight-binding Hamiltonian within a maximally-localized Wannier function (MLWF) basis set.
Niacin inhibits fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in cultured hepatocytes: Impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and potentially resulting in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Recently, we have shown that niacin significantly prevented hepatic steatosis and regressed pre-existing steatosis in high-fat fed rat model of NAFLD. To gain further insight into the cellular mechanisms, this study investigated the effect of niacin on human hepatocyte fat accumulation, ROS production, and inflammatory mediator IL-8 secretion. Materials and methods Human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 or human primary hepatocytes were first stimulated with palmitic acid followed by treatment with niacin or control for 24 h. Results The data indicated that niacin (at 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/L doses) significantly inhibited palmitic acid-induced fat accumulation in human hepatocytes by 45–62%. This effect was associated with inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) mRNA expression without affecting the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). Niacin attenuated hepatocyte ROS production and it also inhibited NADPH oxidase activity. Niacin reduced palmitic acid-induced IL-8 levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that niacin, through inhibiting hepatocyte DGAT2 and NADPH oxidase activity, attenuates hepatic fat accumulation and ROS production respectively. Decreased ROS production, at least in part, may have contributed to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory IL-8 levels. These mechanistic studies may be useful for the clinical development of niacin and niacin-related compounds for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH and its complications.
Further Studies on the Balance between Adh1 and Adh2 in Maize: Gene Competitive Programs

Two unlinked genes which specify alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes in maize are coordinately regulated by competition for a factor which limits the rate of total ADH expression during anaerobiosis. The "gene competition hypothesis" and the existence of organ-specific competitive programs, as proposed by Schwartz (1971), is further supported. The potential balance of expression between these two genes appears to be organ-specific and may be "locked-in" and inherited via meristematic growth. The actual expression of these two genes is dependent on the mode of ADH induction. The discussion examines alternative hypotheses explaining gene competition and reinterprets extant data on the adaptive significance of maize ADH polymorphism.
Criminal Profiling: Developing an Effective Science and Practice

"Criminal Profiling: Developing an Effective Science and Practice" aims to transform criminal profiling into a credible science and practice that will reliably aid law enforcement investigation. Authors Scotia J. Hicks and Bruce D. Sales painstakingly critique the state of criminal profiling today and find the practice of criminal profiling to be an art more than an established science, lacking clear links among crime scene evidence and offender motives, personality, and behavior. With no firm scientific basis for their judgments, profilers differ in their conclusions and recommendations, rendering profiling problematic as a law enforcement tool. This book tackles this problem squarely, exploring in detail how a science of profiling may be constructed and tested. The comprehensive new approach offered here builds on existing practice and research and calls for empirical information that can lead to a sound new science of criminal profiling.
Cognitive efficiency on a match to sample task decreases at the onset of puberty in children.

Abstract Electrocortical evidence indicates that a wave of synaptic proliferation occurs in the frontal lobes around the age of puberty onset. To study its potential influence on cognition, we examined 246 children (10–17 years) and 49 young adults (18–22 years) using a match-to-sample type of task to measure reaction times to assess emotionally related information. Based upon the instruction set, subjects made a yes/no decision about the emotion expressed in a face, a word, or a face/word combination presented tachistoscopically for 100 ms. The faces were images of a single individual with a happy, angry, sad or neutral expression. The words were ‘happy,’ ‘angry,’ ‘sad,’ or ‘neutral,’ In the combined stimulus condition, subjects were asked to decide if the face and word matched for the same emotion. Results showed that compared to the previous year, reaction times were significantly slower for making a correct decision at 11 and 12 years of age in girls and boys, the approximate ages of puberty onset. The peripubertal rise in reaction time declined slowly over the following 2–3 years and stabilized by 15 years of age. Analyses of the performance of 15–17 year olds revealed significantly longer reaction times in females to process both faces and words compared to males. However, this sex difference in late puberty appeared to be transient since it was not present in 18–22 year olds. Given the match-to-sample nature of the task employed, the puberty related increases in reaction time may reflect a relative inefficiency in frontal circuitry prior to the pruning of excess synaptic contacts.
Scaling properties and spatial organization of snow depth fields in sub-alpine forest and alpine tundra

This paper reports on a study analysing the spatial distribution functions, the correlation structures, and the power spectral densities of high-resolution LIDAR snow depths (∼1 m) in two adjacent 500 m × 500 m areas in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, one a sub-alpine forest the other an alpine tundra. It is shown how and why differences in the controlling physical processes induced by variations in vegetation cover and wind patterns lead to the observed differences in spatial organization between the snow depth fields of these environments. In the sub-alpine forest area, the mean of snow depth increases with elevation, while its standard deviation remains uniform. In the tundra subarea, the mean of snow depth decreases with elevation, while its standard deviation varies over a wide range. The two-dimensional correlations of snow depth in the forested area indicate little spatial memory and isotropic conditions, while in the tundra they indicate a marked directional bias that is consistent with the predominant wind directions and the location of topographic ridges and depressions. The power spectral densities exhibit a power law behaviour in two frequency intervals separated by a break located at a scale of around 12 m in the forested subarea, and 65 m in the tundra subarea. The spectral exponents obtained indicate that the snow depth fields are highly variable over scales larger than the scale break, while highly correlated below. Based on the observations and on synthetic snow depth fields generated with one- and two-dimensional spectral techniques, it is shown that the scale at which the break occurs increases with the separation distance between snow depth maxima. In addition, the breaks in the forested area coincide with those of the corresponding vegetation height field, while in the tundra subarea they are displaced towards larger scales than those observed in the corresponding vegetation height field.
A technique for vascular reconstruction of pancreaticoduodenal allograft. A literature review and case report

In most cases, whole pancreaticoduodenal allograft vessels can be reconstructed using a segment of donor common iliac artery bifurcation. An alternative way to bridge the splenic artery and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is to use a short segment of distal SMA as an interposition graft, as described herein.
Au137(SR)56 nanomolecules: composition, optical spectroscopy, electrochemistry and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2

Au137(SR)56, a nanomolecule with a precise number of metal atoms and ligands, was synthesized. The composition was confirmed by MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry using three unique ligands (–SCH2CH2Ph, –SC6H13, and –SC4H9) and nano-alloys with Ag and Pd. The electrocatalytic properties were tested for CO2 reduction.
An architecture for distributed real-time large-scale information processing for intelligence analysis

Given a massive and dynamic space of information (nuggets) and a query to be answered, how can the correct (answer) nuggets be retrieved in an effective and efficient manner? We present a large-scale distributed real-time architecture based on anytime intelligent foraging, gathering, and matching (I-FGM) on massive and dynamic information spaces. Simply put, we envision that when given a search query, large numbers of computational processes are alerted or activated in parallel to begin identifying and retrieving the appro-priate information nuggets. In particular, our approach aims to provide an anytime capa-bility which functions as follows: Given finite computational resources, I-FGM will pro-ceed to explore the information space and, over time, continuously identify and update promising candidate nugget, thus, good candidates will be available at anytime on re-quest. With the computational costs of evaluating the relevance of a candidate nugget, the anytime nature of I-FGM will provide increasing confidence on nugget selections over time by providing admissible partial evaluations. When a new promising candidate is identified, the current set of selected nuggets is re-evaluated and updated appropriately. Essentially, I-FGM will guide its finite computational resources in locating the target in-formation nuggets quickly and iteratively over time. In addition, the goal of I-FGM is to naturally handle new nuggets as they appear. A central element of our framework is to provide a formal computational model of this massive data-intensive problem.
Unconventional ferrimagnetic ordering of Ce in the anisotropic metal Ce Cr Sb 3

We report on the magnetization and electrical resistivity on single crystals of $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}$, a ferromagnetic metal with large anisotropy. It undergoes two ferromagnetic transitions: the first is at ${T}_{\mathrm{Cr}}=115\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ due to the electrons from the Cr ions and the second is a gradual alignment of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4f$ electrons between 48 and $18\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The Cr moments behave similarly in $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}$, with the easy axis along the $b$ axis. Below $48\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the Ce moments begin to align along the $c$ axis, and as the applied field increases, their effect on the magnetization increases in importance, resulting in nearly linear behavior of ${M}_{c}(T)$ for $H=30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kG}$. At $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the saturation moment along the $c$ axis is $3.28{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\mathrm{f.u.}$, and along the $b$ axis, the magnetization saturates to $1.29{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\mathrm{f.u.}$, the difference being only 7% less than the predicted Hund's rule value for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$, indicating that the $4f$ moments have fully aligned along the $c$ axis.
Dominant Negative α-Subunit of FTase Inhibits Effects of Insulin and IGF-I in MCF-7 Cells

We recently designed a dominant negative (DN) farnesyltransferase (FTase)/geranyl-gerahyltransferase I (GGTase I) α-subunit that when expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of FTase, FTase activity, amounts of farnesylated p21Ras, DNA synthesis, and cell migration. Currently, we explored the inhibitory effects of DN FTase/GGTase I α-subunit in MCF-7 cells on IGF-1- and insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Expression of the DN FTase/GGTase I α-subunit completely blocked IGF-1- and insulin-stimulated BrdU incorporation and cell count. DN FTase/GGTase I α-subunit inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of FTase/GGTase I α-subunit, FTase and GGTase I activity, and prenylation of p21Ras and RhoA. Expression of DN FTase/GGTase I α-subunit diminished IGF-1- and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), but had no effect on IGF-1- and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. Taken together, these data suggest that DN FTase/GGTase I α-subunit can assuage the mitogenic effects of IGF-1 and insulin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Differential regulation of skeletal alpha-actin transcription in cardiac muscle by two fibroblast growth factors.

Abstract In cardiac muscle, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) regulate at least five genes in common (including alpha and beta myosin heavy chains, atrial natriuretic factor, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase), provoking a generalized "fetal" phenotype similar to events in pressure-overload hypertrophy; however, aFGF and bFGF differentially control the striated alpha-actins. bFGF stimulates and aFGF inhibits skeletal alpha-actin transcripts associated with the embryonic heart, whereas cardiac alpha-actin mRNA is inhibited by aFGF but not bFGF. To elucidate mechanisms for these selective and discordant actions of aFGF and bFGF on cardiac muscle, chicken skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin promoter-driven reporter genes were introduced into neonatal rat cardiac myocytes by electroporation. Skeletal alpha-actin transcription was selectively stimulated by bFGF, whereas the cardiac alpha-actin promoter was unaffected. In contrast, aFGF suppressed both transfected alpha-actin genes. The differential regulation of skeletal alpha-actin transcription was equivalent with either purified or recombinant FGFs and was observed with 5' flanking sequences from either nucleotide -202 or -2000 to nucleotide -11. Positive and negative modulation of alpha-actin transcription by growth factors corresponded accurately to the endogenous genes in all permutations studied. These investigations provide a model for reciprocal control of gene transcription by aFGF vs. bFGF.
Choices of Fraternity Presidents for Leadership and Maintenance Roles

In a recent paper, Fiedler advanced the hypothesis that effective leadership requires the maintenance of psychological distance between leaders and followers ( 1). If this hypothesis is to be supported, we would expect that the leader would not be sociometrically chosen by his peers for activities which require psychologically close relations, e.g., preferences for a person with whom one would discuss personal problems, and choices for room mate or double-date partner. While such trends may be expected in highly taskoriented groups, the present paper tests this hypothesis as it applies to groups which are largely maintenance-oriented, viz., social fraternities. Subjects.-Officers from 20 social fraternities at the University of Illinois participated in this investigation. Four officers from each of these organizations were tested (president, vice president, treasurer, and secretary). Each officer completed a sociometric questionnaire containing two questions regarding preferences for executive leadership, and three questions of psyche-telic nature, i.e., choices for room mate, double-date partner, and a person in whom one could confide about personal problems. Resalts.-The president was chosen by a majority of officers of 15 fraternities as the preferred leader, but he was chosen by none of the fraternities as potential room mate, double-date partner, or as a quasi-therapeutic person. Of the 59 officers (other than the presidents) 41 selected the president as leader, but only four preferred him as a double-date partner or confidant, and only one preferred him as a room mate. Discassion.-These findings appear to indicate that the leadership and maintenance functions are not related, and may in fact be incompatible, even though one of the group's primary functions is to provide social activities and counseling for its members. As in task groups which have previously been studied ( 2 ) , social fraternities seem to require, or strongly encourage, critical, analytic attitudes in the leader, and psychologically distant relations between him and other members in the organization. REFERENCES 1. FIEDLER, F. E. A note on leadership theory: the effect of social barriers between leaders and followers. Sociometry, 195 7, 20, 87-74. 2. FIEDLER, F. E. Leader attitudes and group effectiveness. Urbana, 111.: Univer. of Ulinois Press, 195 8.
Quadrature rule-based bounds for functions of adjacency matrices

Bounds for entries of matrix functions based on Gauss-type quadrature rules are applied to adjacency matrices associated with graphs. This technique allows to develop inexpensive and accurate upper and lower bounds for certain quantities (Estrada index, subgraph centrality, communicability) that describe properties of networks.
Expression of brx proto-oncogene in normal ovary and in epithelial ovarian neoplasms.

Abstract Objective: We previously identified a protein, Brx, that interacted with estrogen receptor α. Sequence analysis determined that Brx is a novel member of the Dbl family of oncoproteins involved in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth. Because the Brx protein was found to be highly expressed in hormoneresponsive breast epithelium, the objective of this study was to determine whether Brx was expressed in both normal and neoplastic ovarian tissues. Study Design: A polyclonal antiserum directed against the Brx protein was used to perform immunolocalization on sections from 5 normal ovaries and 20 ovarian neoplasms. Chromosomal localization of the brx gene was accomplished by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization. Northern and Western blot analyses were performed on extracts prepared from human ovaries. Results: Brx protein was localized to the cytoplasm of granulosa cells from mature graafian follicles, the corpus luteum, and islands of hilar cells in normal ovaries. In tumors with low malignant potential and ovarian carcinomas the neoplastic epithelium stained strongly for Brx protein. Northern and Western blot analyses, respectively, confirmed expression of Brx messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in normal ovary. Finally, the brx gene was localized to 15q25. Conclusion: The proto-oncogene brx is expressed in specific normal human ovarian tissues and is also present in ovarian epithelial neoplasms. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:286-95.)
The spermicide nonoxynol-9 does not inactivate papillomavirus.

Vaginal spermicides are effective contraceptives and are also capable of inactivating many sexually transmitted pathogens by their detergent effect on bacterial cell membranes and viral envelopes. A 5% concentration of nonoxynol-9 the most frequently used active ingredient of spermicides was tested for its ability to reduce the transforming activity of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and the infectivity of BK virus (BKV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Nonoxynol-9 markedly reduced the infectivity of CMV an enveloped virus but did not significantly affect the activity of the nonenveloped viruses BPV-1 and BKV. Papillomavirus infections are strongly implicated in the etiology of cervical cancer. The reported protective effect of vaginal spermicides against cervical cancer is very likely not mediated by direct inactivation of papillomaviruses by the spermicide. (authors)
Current oscillations in deep-level doped semiconductors

We observe current oscillations in p-i-n (and optically excited n-i-n) devices containing deep levels. The oscillations occur in the positive resistance region of the space-charge-limited (SCL) current regime of the I-V characteristics, before the occurrence of double-injection breakdown. This is a general effect, occurring in Si, Ge, and GaAs compensated with various deep-level impurities and in electron-irradiated devices. The oscillations are sinusoidal at threshold, with frequency strongly dependent on the recombination kinetics of the i-region, and on the deep level density, but are essentially independent of device length. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillations are affected by temperature and optical excitation. Various models have been proposed to account for oscillations in semiconductors containing deep levels, but no existing model describes fully the various aspects of the effect reported here. Because the device length exceeds carrier diffusion length, any model for the oscillation mechanism must include the existence of space charge and the kinetics of recombination, but may not depend essentially upon a traveling domain which imposes a length dependence on the oscillation frequency. Tentatively, we favor a model in which the recombination process unbalances the steady or dc space charge.