cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Newton's lemma

Abstract The non-Archimedean Newton's lemma on obtaining precise solutions of systems of equations from approximate ones may be described heuristically as the assertion that over a suitable base, an approximate solution to a system of equations which is sufficiently far from the singular locus of the system is close to an actual solution of that system. Versions of this lemma have been proven by several authors, notably, Hensel, Tougeron, Artin and Elkik. In this article, we attempt to introduce some coherence into this topic by explaining the notion of “sufficiently far” by tying it up with a generalization of the infinitesimal lifting property. In particular, we strengthen Elkik's lemma Elkik (1973) [E, Lemma 1] in general and give a new proof of Tougeron's lemma Artin (1969) [A, Lemma 5.11] when the base is a complete local ring.
Does hothousing rob children of their childhood

Abstract Since individuals construct educational policies and practices according to their beliefs, the conceptual systems of proponents and opponents of hot-housing must be considered. Such systems can be based either on “closed beliefs” or data. Such consideration may provide an answer to the question, “Does hothousing rob children of their childhood?” Belief systems are built with the constructs of belief, intention, attitude, and value concepts. Beliefs of parents develop from both broad socio-historical views and from the parents' personal histories. If parents and educators form beliefs about hothousing which ignore relevant data, they may educate in a manner which increases “achievement anxiety,” and makes children feel they have value only when they are “producing.” As an alternative, children should be offered learning activities which provide opportunities for intellectual exploration and flexibility.
Aspects of mitotic activity in relation to cell proliferation in the lens epithelium.

The mitotic index in the lens epithelium of young rats was determined in flat mounts at 6-hr intervals over a 24-hr period. The mitotic counts of rats killed between mid-night and early morning were significantly higher than those of animals killed between noon and 6 am . An average mitotic index of 0.26% in the equatorial zone and 0.16% in the pre-equatorial zone, contrasted with the low value of 0.02% in the central area. Mitotic duration was determined with the colchicine technique at a time of the day during which the mitotic index did not change significantly, and was estimated to be 1 hr 12 min. This value was calculated from the linear increase in both the mitotic index and the metaphase index which occurred from 30 min to 3 hr following injection of the drug. On the basis of these data, the intermitotic, or turnover, time was estimated as 19 days for the equatorial zone, 31 days for the pre-equatorial and 250 days for the central area of the lens epithelium of young rats. The results are compared with those obtained from studies on rabbits in previous work of this laboratory in which another technique was employed.
A Novel Class of Organosulfur Electrodes for Energy Storage

A broad class of organosulfur compounds is discussed which may offer unique advantages as positive storage electrodes in advanced battery systems. The organosulfur electrodes operate between ambient and 150/sup 0/C, are inexpensive, and inert to many metals. In addition, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the organosulfur electrodes may be varied in a predictable way. At room temperature these materials may be crystalline, liquid, or polymeric. Batteries based on the novel organosulfur positive electrodes and sodium metal negative electrodes have theoretical energy densities ranging from 350 to 600 Wh/kg. The system which has to data been studied in most detail is the sodium/tetra-ethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) couple which has a theoretical energy density of 360 Wh/kg and an open-circuit voltage of 2.3 V. Laboratory cells have been assembled and tested with maximum practical energy densities of over 110 Wh/kg at zero current drain and volumetric energy densities of 0.196 Wh/cm/sup 3/. These cells have been cycled between 10 and 90% of available capacity at power densities of 6 Wh/kg at an energy density of 80 Wh/kg and overall energy efficiency of 75%. Some experimental batteries delivered peak power densities of 40-60 W/kg for a period of a minute or more. Further,more » preliminary testing of batteries using simple alkyl disulfide electrodes have resulted in full charge/discharge cycles at current densities of 10 mAcm/sup 2/ at 105/sup 0/c.« less
Psychosexual Symbolism in the Handwriting of Male Homosexuals

This study examined the psychosexual symbolic significance of the letter “I” in the handwriting of male homosexuals and a male control group. It was argued that symbols are enmeshed with the subjec...
The Economic Contributions of David M. Gordon

Throughout his too brief career, David Gordon made many contributions to economics. His social structure of accumulation model sought to explain the economic performance of the US based upon whether institutional structures are conducive to profitability and growth. His work in labour economics sought to explain slow productivity and wage growth in the US. And his work in macroeconomics sought to compare and test different macroeconometric models. Throughout all his work, David sought to develop a radical alternative to mainstream economics and to build enduring radical institutions.
Development of single filament testing procedure for polyacrylonitrile precursor and polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers

Single filament testing protocols for polyacrylonitrile precursor and polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers have been developed to ensure reliable tensile results that can be compared to the standa...
Relative frequency of consultee lack of knowledge, skills, confidence, and objectivity in school settings

Abstract Caplan (1963, 1970) specifies consultee lack of knowledge, skills, confidence, and objectivity as the “four common reasons for the work difficulties that underlie the need for consultation” (p. 127). Although Caplan hypothesizes that the majority of consultation cases result from consultee lack of objectivity, there has been no empirical examination of the relative frequency with which consulting school psychologists encounter each type of consultee difficulty. To assess this, ten school psychology consultants rated the primary consultee problem for each consulation case they had. Contrary to Caplan's assumption, data analyses indicated that significantly more consultation cases resulted from colsultee lack of knowledge, skills, and confidence than from consultee lack of objectivity, which accounted for only 7% of the cases. These findings call into question the practical utility of psychodynamically oriented Caplanian techniques for consulting school psychologists. Because the preponderance of consultation cases develop from consultee lack of knowledge, skills, and confidence, school psychologists would be best advised to focus primarily upon the development and utilization of problem solving, behavior analysis, and sophisticated communication skills as their principal consultative strategies.
Observations on the Larval Feeding Habits of Two Species of Sitona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Sweetclover Fields

Some confusion exists in the literature concerning the exact site of feeding by larvae of the sweetclover weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahreus, within the root system of the host plant. Observations reported here show that the larvae, both of this species and the closely related clover root curculio, S. hispidula (F.), feed within nitrogen-fixing nodules on the rootlets. With S. hispidula this is particularly true of the first instar. Characters arc given for distinguishing the larvae of the two species.
Coincident electrofission cross section for /sup 238/U from 5 to 11. 7 MeV

The $^{238}\mathrm{U}(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}}f)$ cross section was measured for excitations between 5 and 11.7 MeV. The sum of the $E2$ and $E0$ strength functions was extracted with the aid of available $^{238}\mathrm{U}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, f)$ data. The present results show that the $\frac{E2}{E0}$ strength in the fission channel is spread almost uniformly from 7 to 11.7 MeV. The $\frac{E2}{E0}$ strength that is found in the fission channel corresponds to 10% of the isoscalar $E2$ sum rule; if the fission probability is 0.22, this energy region contains 45% of this sum.
Performance analysis of information dissemination by flooding

Performance properties are established for the dissemination by flooding of a database that is initially distributed among the nodes of a communications network. An example of this general process is the dissemination of network status information as a component of the adaptive routing mechanism in a network like Arpanet. Bounds are given on the progress of the dissemination process at a sequence of times before the completion of the process, whereas earlier results only bounded the time until completion. The present bounds further extended earlier analysis by treating the diameter explicitly as a parameter. Specialized versions of the bounds are given for k-connected networks. The bounds yield a recognition property whereby a node can recognize that it has received the entire database without having a priori knowledge of the size of the database. An earlier assumption about a fixed time for correct message transmission over any edge is relaxed to assume only an upper bound on these transmission times. >
State-dependent inactivation of the Kv3 potassium channel

Inactivation of Kv3 (Kv1.3) delayed rectifier potassium channels was studied in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. These channels inactivate slowly during a long depolarizing pulse. In addition, inactivation accumulates in response to a series of short depolarizing pulses (cumulative inactivation), although no significant inactivation occurs within each short pulse. The extent of cumulative inactivation does not depend on the voltage during the depolarizing pulse, but it does vary in a biphasic manner as a function of the interpulse duration. Furthermore, the rate of cumulative inactivation is influenced by changing the rate of deactivation. These data are consistent with a model in which Kv3 channel inactivation is a state-dependent and voltage-independent process. Macroscopic and single channel experiments indicate that inactivation can occur from a closed (silent) state before channel opening. That is, channels need not open to inactivate. The transition that leads to the inactivated state from the silent state is, in fact, severalfold faster then the observed inactivation of current during long depolarizing pulses. Long pulse-induced inactivation appears to be slow, because its rate is limited by the probability that channels are in the open state, rather than in the silent state from which they can inactivate. External potassium and external calcium ions alter the rates of cumulative and long pulse-induced inactivation, suggesting that antagonistic potassium and calcium binding steps are involved in the normal gating of the channel.
Single spin asymmetry through QCD instantons

We revisit the effects of QCD instantons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. We show that large single spin asymmetry (SSA) effects can be induced in longitudinally and transversely polarized proton targets. The results are in agreement with most of the reported data for pion and kaon production. The same effects are found to be important in polarized proton on proton scattering for both charged and chargeless pion productions. The results agree with the reported data in a wide range of $\sqrt{s}=19.4--200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. We predict the SSA for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ production in ${p}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}p$ in the collider range of $\sqrt{s}=62.4--500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. The backward ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ productions for the SSA in ${p}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}p$ collisions are predicted to coincide at large $\sqrt{s}$.
Design-Oriented Enhanced Robotics Curriculum

This paper presents an innovative two-course, laboratory-based, and design-oriented robotics educational model. The robotics curriculum exposed senior-level undergraduate students to major robotics concepts, and enhanced the student learning experience in hybrid learning environments by incorporating the IEEE Region-5 annual robotics competition with open-ended design challenges, by establishing a robotics club, and by implementing a K-12 mentorship program. A four-faculty team developed two elective courses in which the theoretical concepts underlying the robotics design competition topics were supported with corresponding laboratory activities. Students took the courses sequentially. They were formed into diverse teams, whose performance was assessed via weekly team presentations and participation in an outreach day. The best robot design teams participated in the IEEE Region-5 competitions. All students participated in a service-learning activity, acting as mentors during local K-12 robotics competitions while enhancing their own robotics comprehension. The robotics curriculum's two-year evaluation results illustrate the consistent efficacy of the curriculum during the project duration, indicating a successful robotics educational model for other academic institutions to follow.
Multicolor microcontact printing of proteins on nanoporous surface for patterned immunoassay

The large scale patterning of therapeutic proteins is a key to the efficient design, characterization, and production of biologics for cost effective, high throughput, and point-of-care detection and analysis system. We demonstrate an efficient method for protein deposition and adsorption on nanoporous silica substrates in specific patterns using a method called “micro-contact printing”. Multiple color-tagged proteins can be printed through sequential application of such micro-patterning technique. Two groups of experiments were performed. In the first group, the protein stamp was aligned precisely with the printing sites, where the stamp was applied multiple times. Optimal conditions were identified for protein transfer and adsorption using the pore size of 4 nm and thickness of 30 nm porous silica thin film. In the second group, we demonstrate the patterning of two-color rabbit immunoglobin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and tetramethyl rhodamine iso-thiocyanate on porous silica substrates that have a pore size 4 nm, porosity 57% and thickness of the porous layer 30 nm. A pair of protein stamps, with corresponding alignment markings and coupled patterns, were aligned and used to produce a two-colored stamp pattern of proteins on porous silica. Different colored proteins can be applied to exemplify the diverse protein composition within a sample. This method of multicolor microcontact printing can be used to perform a fluorescence-based patterned enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of various proteins within a sample.
New Model for Vortex Decay in the Atmosphere

A new vortex decay model for the prediction of the descent of aircraft trailing vortices subjected to realistic environmental conditions (stratie cation, turbulence, crosswind, headwind, shear effects, and ground effect ) is presented, and the model is applied to e eld data obtained with Lidar in Memphis and Dallas ‐Fort Worth airports. Although the model has not yet been fully optimized, the predictions and e eld data compare reasonably well. Some e ights, particularly in unstable environments, exhibit behavior unexplainable in terms of the assumed, measured, and/or indirectly calculated input parameters, for example, vortex separation, uncertainties in Lidar measurements, stratie cation, shear, gravity currents, head- and crosswinds, turbulent kinetic energy, and/or the eddy dissipation rate.
kernelpop, a spatially explicit population genetic simulation engine

Individual-based, spatially explicit models provide a mechanism to understand distributions of individuals on the landscape; however, few models have been coupled with population genetics. The primary benefits of such a combination is to assess performance of population-genetic estimators in realistic situations. kernelpop represents a flexible framework to implement almost any arbitrary population-genetic and demographic model in a spatially explicit context using a variety of dispersal kernels. Estimates of type I error associated with genome scans in metapopulations are provided as an illustration of this software's utility.
Long Term Stability of Ceramics in Liquid Lithium

Two candidate materials for insulating coatings in a lithium-cooled fusion reactor have been exposed to lithium in 1000 h isothermal tests from 400-800 C to determine their maximum compatibility temperature. Bulk samples of AlN + 5 wt%Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} showed significant mass loss at 600 C and higher temperatures. The amount of attack was reduced when AlN + 0.04 wt%Y was tested. Characterization by Auger spectroscopy of a AlN + 0.04 wt%Y specimen exposed at 600 C indicated the possibility of a lithium aluminate compound formation. Bulk, polycrystalline specimens of CaO (99.9% purity) showed mass losses above 500 C indicating a possible dissolution problem that had not been observed in previous short-term screening tests and is not predicted based on thermodynamic calculations. Doping of the lithium with oxygen (in the case of CaO) did not appear effective in reducing the mass loss at 600 C.
545. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of pathological gambling disorder

release of dopamine (DA) following the application of this alkaloid through a microdialysis probe placed in the striatum. We also measured the expression of mRNAs encoding for a3, a4, a7 and b2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits and, the density of high-affinity nAChRs in the striatum. The DA content in the dialysate was measured before and after 1-min local perfusion of nicotine (6, 10 and 20 nmoles/min) and the resulting DA increase was taken as a measure of the alkaloid’s intrinsic activity. The nicotine-induced increase of striatal DA release in FSL rats at all doses was greater than in the FRL rats. Mecamylamine, a non-competitive antagonist for nAChRs, attenuated nicotine-induced striatal dialysate DA increase to the same extent in both lines, suggesting that the intrinsic activity of nicotine was greater in the FSL rats than in the FRL rats. This suggestion was supported by the density of high-affinity nAChRs (measured by H-epibatidine binding) in FSL rats that was 44% greater than in the FRL rats while the KD was virtually identical in the two groups of rats. Also, the expression of mRNA encoding for a4, a7, and b2 subunits was greater in FSL than in FRL rats (attomol/mg total RNA, a4: 98.0 6 10.3 vs 77.3 6 7.4; a7: 278.8 6 16.3 vs 184 6 15.7; b2: 310.3 6 19.3 vs 200.8 6 11.6). We hypothesize that the differences in nicotine-induced DA release in striatum of FSL and FRL rats are probably associated with differences in nAChR subunit expression in the two lines. The Flinders rats could be used as animal model for nicotine self-administration studies to evaluate the sensitivity of FSL and FRL rats to nicotine dependence.
Effects of age of bird and hemoglobin type on the concentration of adult hemoglobin components of the domestic fowl.

Abstract THERE are three different hemoglobins in the adult domestic fowl which can be separated electrophoretically with no purification procedures. One of these components, the “major band,” is present in all birds. The other two “minor,” more acidic bands can be present singly, resulting in hemograms with two components or in combination resulting in hemograms with three components. The minor bands differ in their electrophoretic mobility, the mutant band migrating at a faster rate. These differences in the minor hemoglobin components have been shown to be due to allelic co-dominant genes (Washburn, 1968). In routine electrophoretic analysis of hemoglobin in this laboratory, a “trace” hemoglobin band was occasionally observed in birds with the abnormal minor band. The presence or absence of this band did not appear to be related to genetic factors since its occurrence was not consistent among different samples and those taken at different ages of the same individual, . . .
Modified law of approach for the magnetomechanical model: application of the Rayleigh law to the stress domain

Stress is one of the principal external factors affecting the magnetization of materials. A new and improved equation for modeling the magnetomechanical effect has been developed based on an extension of the previous law of approach equation to include terms that are analogous to those in the Rayleigh law. Accordingly, the previous theory of the magnetomechanical effect has been refined by including a new linear stress-dependent term in the original model equation.
Phase Equilibria and Properties of Transparent Conductors in the Indium-Tin-Zinc Oxide System

Solid state bulk processing techniques were used to synthesize various transparent conducting oxides (TCO’s) with In, Zn, and Sn cations. Optical and electronic properties of resultant phase-pure TCO’s were compared to each other and to bulk samples of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO). Reduction and heat treatment showed significant effects on optical and electronic performance, indicating optimization of processing conditions will be required for industrial applications. Comparison of optical and electronic properties in the series of compounds: ZnkIn2O3+k, k = 3,4,5,7,11 revealed trends correlated with the materialsar internal structure. These layered compounds showed improvement of optical properties at higher Zn contents and improvement in conductivity at higher In contents. The trends suggest these materials may be useful for applications where tradeoffs between conductivity and transparency are acceptable.
Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition, and some blood indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Abstract A trial was conducted in flow-through fibre-glass tanks at a water temperature of 11.1±3.0°C, at a dissolved oxygen content of 9.3±1.0 mg/l, and at an oxygen saturation level of 84.2±4.9% (mean±SD) in rainbow trout with average starting weight of 178±23 g for the effect of astaxanthin on growth, condition, and some hematological and blood biochemical indices of the fish. Using correlation and regression analysis methods, it was found that the fish fed a diet containing 49.8 mg astaxanthin/kg for 84 days had similar growth (the relative gain was 19.4 vs. 18.4%) and significantly (P
Electromagnetic orientation using MIMO channel sounding in a GPS-denied environment

Summary form only given. For unmanned aerial vehicle guidance, when external positioning systems such as GPS are not available, alternate navigation methods must be used. Existing methods for self-localization, such as optical image registration, are limited to daytime operation and can be made non-functional by dust, smoke, or clouds. We propose a bio-inspired electromagnetic orientation (EO) technique based on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel matrices for position discrimination that will allow localization in all weather conditions. The EO navigation method is inspired by certain species of birds that use acoustic orientation to discriminate position and recognize a specific nesting area from among hundreds of other ones in a dark cave. Both the acoustic properties and RF propagation characteristics of a given environment are strongly position dependent. In particular, the MIMO propagation channel matrix defines the transfer function of the signal between the transmit and receive antennas, making it highly dependent on location and orientation. By comparing the matrices collected at various points to a database of pre-collected data, it is possible for a vehicle to self-localize. Using a terrain scattering model, we showed that by comparing the norm of the difference of channel matrices, it is possible to recognize position at X band with centimeter-scale accuracy. Performance of the system varied significantly with the propagation characteristics of the environment. Low multipath environments produced less variation in the channel matrices, and channel matrix comparisons provided a radius of localization of several wavelengths. In contrast, tests in environments with strong multipath characteristics exhibited localization scales smaller than a wavelength. While localization on a centimeter scale is desirable for precision navigation, most applications require longer localization ranges to avoid missed waypoints. To increase the range of the EO method to ~ 1 m, a comparison method based on the channel covariance matrix was developed. To test the EO method experimentally, we employed a lightweight FMCW X band radar unit with one transmit and two receive antennas. The unit was mounted on a custom-built scanner unit that moved the radar platform in two dimensions. Experimental measurements exhibited similar properties to the simulations for both low- and high-multipath environments.
Lipid and carbon isotopic evidence of methane-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in association with gas hydrates from the Gulf of Mexico

An integrated lipid biomarker–carbon isotope approach reveals new insight to microbial methane oxidation in the Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate system. Hydrate-bearing and hydrate-free sediments were collected from the Gulf of Mexico slope using a research submersible. Phospholipid fatty acids consist mainly of C16–C18 compounds, which are largely derived from bacteria. The phospholipid fatty acids suggest that total biomass is enhanced 11–30-fold in gas-hydrate–bearing sediment compared to hydrate-free sediment. Lipid biomarkers indicative of sulfate-reducing bacteria are strongly depleted in 13C (δ13C = −48‰ to −70‰) in the hydrate-bearing samples, suggesting that they are involved in the oxidation of methane (δ13C = −47‰ for thermogenic methane and −70‰ for biogenic methane). Isotopic properties of other biomarkers suggest that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria ( Beggiatoa ) may also contribute to the lipid pool in hydrate-bearing samples, which are characterized by less negative δ13C values (to −11.2‰). In the hydrate-free sample, fatty acid biomarkers have δ13C values of −27.6‰ to −39.6‰, indicating that crude oil (average ∼−27‰) or terrestrial organic carbon (average ∼−20‰) are the likely carbon sources. Our results provide the first lipid biomarker–stable isotope evidence that sulfate- reducing bacteria play an important role in anaerobic methane oxidation in the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrates. The coupled activities of methane-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing organisms contribute to the development of ecosystems in deep-sea environments and result in sequestration of carbon as buried organic carbon and authigenic carbonates. These have implications for studying climate change based on carbon budgets.
From the New Deal to the Raw Deal: 21st Century Poetics and Academic Labor

The corporate University today offers advanced degrees in the humanities, but, increasingly, contingent employment upon graduation, a development of what Rodrigo Toscano calls “the soft labor of investiture without return.” In “From the New Deal to the Raw Deal: 21st Century Academic Labor,” I argue that the survival of the humanities is contingent upon an awareness that knowledge production today exists within an exploitative wage-labor economy: what academic Cathy Wagner calls the “sharecropper estate” of academia.
Anatomy of a Tone: A highly functional web-based interactive learning module

Northeastern University's Education Technology Advisory Committee (ETAC) consists of faculty who are specialists in bridging the gap between content development and instructional design. "Why does the note 'A' sound different on a flute compared to a violin?" is an interactive learning module that tackles the elusive concept of musical timbre. This is an example of an Embedded Learning Module (ELMO) that recently received a NSF (National Science Foundation) grant to explore a variety of methods to break down the barriers to teaching science to artists. Issues of planning, design, effective project management, interdisciplinary methodology and the integration of media are discussed, and the finished project presented. Anatomy of a Tone demonstrates an effective collaboration between students in Northeastern's flagship multimedia studies program, faculty mentors, experiential learning and successful integration of content development and instructional design, the result of a 20-week long planning, design and implementation project.
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism modifies the alcohol-HDL association observed in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study

Background The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) allele epsilon4 is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The presence of the epsilon4 allele has been associated with lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol, but it is not known whether the epsilon4 allele modifies the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Objective The objective of the study was to assess whether the epsilon4 allele modifies the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Design In a cross-sectional design, we studied 670 men and women aged 26-78 y who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to assess whether the epsilon4 allele of the gene APOE modifies the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Alcohol data were self-reported, and we used multivariate, generalized estimating equations to assess interactions. Results In a model with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, exercise, waist-hip ratio, TV viewing, and study site, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the epsilon4 allele and alcohol consumption on HDL cholesterol (P=0.0001). In the absence of the epsilon4 allele, multivariate adjusted means of HDL were 1.24, 1.36, and 1.54 mmol/L among subjects who never drank and those who currently drink 0.1-12 and >12 g alcohol/d, respectively; in the presence of the epsilon4 allele, the corresponding values were 1.19, 1.27, and 1.25 mmol/L. Conclusion Our data show a significant effect of the interaction between the epsilon4 allele and alcohol consumption on HDL. The increase in HDL associated with alcohol appears to be stronger in subjects without the epsilon4 allele than in those with the epsilon4 allele.
Shoshin beriberi mimicking central line sepsis in a child with short bowel syndrome

Background Shoshin beriberi, cardiac failure secondary to a severe deficiency of the vitamin thiamine, can develop in patients following extensive intestinal resection or bypass; however, parenteral supplementation has largely eliminated this complication. Hemodynamic instability resulting from central line sepsis is a far more common complication in these parenteral nutrition-dependent patients. This case report details the diagnosis and treatment of shoshin beriberi in a patient with short bowel syndrome whose presentation mimicked central line sepsis.
Fatigue fracture of short‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced poly(vinyl chloride): A crack layer approach

The fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of injection molded short-glass-fiber-reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) (sgfr-PVC) were investigated using the Crack Layer approach and fractography, Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) experiments in single-edge-notched (SEN) specimens were conducted concurrently with microscopic observations. Fracture was observed to propagate as a main crack surrounded by a layer of damage. The magnitude of damage was controlled by the content of glass fiber, which in turn controlled crack reduced acceleration and fracture toughness. FCP behavior was successfully described by the Crack Layer theory, which accounts for the damage associated with crack propagation. In absence of significant interfacial bonding, mechanical fiber/matrix interlocking provided the main resistance to crack propagation. Fiber-induced matrix deformation and fiber pull-out appeared to be the dominant energy absorbing mechanisms.
Belatacept as Primary Immunosuppression in a Lung Transplant Recipient

s S31 agent has a potential benefit over standard calcineurin (CNI) based immunosuppression in that it avoids CNI nephrotoxicity. To our knowledge, available literature regarding the use of belatacept in lung transplantation is currently limited to one case study. Case Report: We report on a 64 year old female who underwent bilateral lung transplantation 2 years prior secondary to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Current immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, sirolimus and prednisone. The patient presented to the acute care setting with decreased appetite, tiredness, shortness of breath and minimal epistaxis. Empiric antibiotics were initiated and a bronchoscopy showed alveolar hemorrhage. Of note, the patient also presented with acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and confusion/lethargy. A peripheral smear showed the presence of schiztocytes, and a diagnosis of Thrombocytopenic Thrombotic Purpura / Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (TTP/HUS) was made. She received 5 sessions of therapeutic plasma exchange. At that time, her TTP/HUS was thought to be secondary to tacrolimus which was discontinued. Sirolimus was also stopped due to the uncertain nature of her alveolar hemorrhage. After extensive deliberation, this patient was started on belatacept every 2 weeks and ciprofloxacin for meningococcal prophylaxis. She could not be placed on cell cycle inhibitors due to leucopenia and existing bone marrow suppression. The patient’s platelet count, mental status and renal function eventually improved with plasma exchange, and she was discharged to a rehabilitation facility. A surveillance bronchoscopy performed 4 weeks after initiating belatacept was negative for acute rejection. Furthermore, donor specific antibodies remained negative at this time. Summary: In summary, we present the case of a lung transplant patient unable to tolerate CNI or mTOR based immunosuppression who is successfully maintained on the costimulatory antagonist belatacept at present. Belatacept may be considered in lung transplant recipients as an immunosuppressive agent of last resort for those unable to tolerate more conventional therapies, and further studies are needed to fully elucidate its utility in this population.
The relationship between fruit production and primate abundance in Neotropical communities

Ecological models predict a positive correlation between fruit production and primate abundance in the Neotropics. To test this relationship, I compiled information on primate abundance and calculated different indexes of fruit production for 30 Neotropical sites. These indexes can be grouped in three categories: (1) Fruit production estimates based on fruit traps, (2) basal area of endozoochorous trees and (3) density of these trees. The first estimate was the best predictor of both primate biomass (r2=0.80) and species richness (r2=0.64). The advantage of using fruit trap estimates is that they take into account production rates (which is not the case for basal area or density estimates), while the advantage of using basal area over density estimates is that it includes some of the expected variation due to tree size. However, using both basal area and density indexes I found a positive correlation between the basal area index and primate biomass for frugivorous monkeys and small platyrhines, but there was no correlation for folivorous and seed predator primates. I also found a positive correlation between pitheciine biomass and the abundance of Eschweilera trees. The analyses gave little support to the importance of suggested keystone resources such as figs and palms. Finally, when including climatic, geographic and plant diversity variables, fruit production continued to be a good predictor of primate biomass in the Neotropics, but primate species richness was best predicted by latitudinal gradients and plant species richness.
The Madden-Julian Oscillation, Barotropic Dynamics, and North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part I: Observations.

Low-level barotropic dynamics may help to explain the modulation of eastern and western North Pacific tropical cyclones by the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) during Northern Hemisphere summer. The MJO is characterized by alternating periods of westerly and easterly 850-mb zonal wind anomalies across the tropical Pacific Ocean. When MJO 850-mb wind anomalies are westerly, small-scale, slow-moving eddies grow through barotropic eddy kinetic energy (EKE) conversion from the mean flow. These growing eddies, together with strong surface convergence, 850-mb cyclonic shear, and high mean sea surface temperatures, create a favorable environment for tropical cyclone formation. Periods of strong MJO easterlies over the Pacific are characterized by lesser EKE and negligible eddy growth by barotropic conversion. The term 2] /]x is a leading contributor to low-level barotropic EKE conversion during MJO westerly 2 u9 u periods across the Pacific, indicating the importance of zonal variations in the westerly jet for producing concentrations of eddy energy. This mechanism can be described as wave accumulation associated with variations of the low-level zonal flow. The conversion term 2] /]y contributes a smaller portion of the total conversion u9y9 u over the eastern Pacific, but is of comparable importance to 2] /]x during westerly MJO events in the 2 u9 u western Pacific.
Free-sketch recognition: putting the chi in sketching

Sketch recognition techniques have generally fallen into two camps. Gesture-based techniques, such as those used by the Palm Pilot's Graffiti, can provide high-accuracy, but require the user to learn a particular drawing style in order for shapes to be recognized. Free-sketch recognition allows users to draw shapes as they would naturally, but most current techniques have low accuracies or require significant domain-level tweaking to make them usable. Our goal is to recognize free-hand sketches with high accuracy by developing generalized techniques that work for a variety of domains, including design and education. This is a work-in-progress, but we have made significant advancements toward our over-arching goal.
Molecular evolution of pentatricopeptide repeat genes reveals truncation in species lacking an editing target and structural domains under distinct selective pressures.

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are required for numerous RNA processing events in plant organelles including C-to-U editing, splicing, stabilization, and cleavage. Fifteen PPR proteins are known to be required for RNA editing at 21 sites in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, and belong to the PLS class of PPR proteins. In this study, we investigate the co-evolution of four PPR genes (CRR4, CRR21, CLB19, and OTP82) and their six editing targets in Brassicaceae species. PPR genes are composed of approximately 10 to 20 tandem repeats and each repeat has two α-helical regions, helix A and helix B, that are separated by short coil regions. Each repeat and structural feature was examined to determine the selective pressures on these regions. All of the PPR genes examined are under strong negative selection. Multiple independent losses of editing site targets are observed for both CRR21 and OTP82. In several species lacking the known editing target for CRR21, PPR genes are truncated near the 17th PPR repeat. The coding sequences of the truncated CRR21 genes are maintained under strong negative selection; however, the 3’ UTR sequences beyond the truncation site have substantially diverged. Phylogenetic analyses of four PPR genes show that sequences corresponding to helix A are high compared to helix B sequences. Differential evolutionary selection of helix A versus helix B is observed in both plant and mammalian PPR genes. PPR genes and their cognate editing sites are mutually constrained in evolution. Editing sites are frequently lost by replacement of an edited C with a genomic T. After the loss of an editing site, the PPR genes are observed with three outcomes: first, few changes are detected in some cases; second, the PPR gene is present as a pseudogene; and third, the PPR gene is present but truncated in the C-terminal region. The retention of truncated forms of CRR21 that are maintained under strong negative selection even in the absence of an editing site target suggests that unrecognized function(s) might exist for this PPR protein. PPR gene sequences that encode helix A are under strong selection, and could be involved in RNA substrate recognition.
SIGNIFICANCE OF MUD VOLCANISM

[1] Mud volcanism and diapirism have puzzled geoscientists for ∼2 centuries. They have been described onshore and offshore in many places on Earth, and although they occur in various tectonic settings, the majority of the features known to date are located in compressional tectonic scenarios. This paper summarizes the main thrusts in mud volcano research as well as the various regions in which mud volcanism has been described. Mud volcanoes show variable geometry (up to tens of kilometers in diameter and several hundred meters in height) and a great diversity regarding the origin of the fluid and solid phases. Gas (predominantly methane), water, and mud may be mobilized at subbottom depth of only a few meters but, in places, can originate from several kilometers depth (with minor crustal or mantle input). The possible contribution of mud extrusion to global budgets, both from quiescent fluid emission and from the extrusive processes themselves, is important. In regions where mud volcanoes are abundant, such as the collision zones between Africa and Eurasia, fluid flux through mud extrusion exceeds the compaction-driven pore fluid expulsion of the accretionary wedge. Also, quiescent degassing of mud volcanoes may contribute significantly to volatile budgets and, hence, to greenhouse climate.
The Wrath of Grapes versus the Self-Medication Hypothesis

Dr. Khantzian's SMH was initially developed to enhance an etiologic understanding of substance use disorders and to promote appropriate and empathic therapeutic responses through careful listening to the human suffering of addicted patients. In the present review he has combined an intensive look at patients with a full exploration of the modern literature on comorbidity and a discussion of the ways in which this more recent work may support or contradict the SMH. Additional longitudinal research is needed to confirm and delineate the SMH. There is a danger that clinicians could use the SMH in overly reductionistic ways. They must be alert to potential rationalization and retrospective distortion while listening to their patients' accounts of the causes of their substance abuse. In the cart/horse problem, it can be clinically useful to tease apart the temporal sequence of onset of each disorder, the ways in which the two disorders interact, and the ways in which each may amplify the suffering caused by the other. In my view, it is still the wrath of grapes that leads to the greater part of suffering in substance use disorders.
Expanding Our Community: Independent and Interdependent Factors Impacting Refugee Successful Community Resettlement

Evidence suggests that despite the aid from resettlement agencies, many refugees find the resettlement process extraordinarily stressful and have reported significant negative mental and physical health outcomes. The literature on refugee resettlement often focuses on the challenges that these individuals encounter in their new environment. However, less research has focused on community barriers and lack of support issues that can prevent refugees from resettling in the U.S. Using qualitative data collected from Burmese and Burundian refugee groups, this article examines the impact of social structures on the resettlement process. Results indicate that gaps in service delivery such as employment and housing are affected by support from the resettlement agencies and the refugees’ social support network. Results of this study contribute to the knowledge based on how best to assist refugee families.
Present as prologue? Psychiatry in the 1980s.

Abstract Opinions of leading psychiatric educators and surveys in the 1970s of psychiatric training centers portend a refocus of educational programs in the 1980s from an emphasis upon the psychosocial to neuroscience and the biologic. Testing the hypothesis that antecedents of this shift in psychiatric educational goals should appear as priorities in current resident training curricula, an empirical investigation was undertaken to examine the current educational priorities of a population of psychiatric residents, faculty and practitioners in a large, urban, university community. Results failed to reveal the predicted antecedents of change in patterns of psychiatric education for the 1980s. Moreover, the findings indicated considerable stability of educational priorities of current curriculum content.
Effect of Cage Densities on Northern Fowl Mite Populations in Commercial Caged-Layer Operations

Abstract Northern fowl mite population surveys were conducted in two large commercial caged-layer houses. Hens were selected on the basis of number of birds per cage. Hens caged alone were shown to support significantly larger mite populations than hens with at least one cagemate. This phenomenon can be used as a convenient survey tool when checking large poultry flocks for mite infestation, and may prove to be an important consideration in pest management programs.
X-ray and Neutron Scattering Studies of Graphite Intercalated with Two-Dimensional K-NH3 Metal-Ammonia Solutions

The potassium-ammonia ternary graphite intercalation compounds (T GIC’s) K(NH3)xC24, 0 ≤ × ≤ 1, and their deuterated counterparts have been of considerable recent interest. 1–3 This interest results from the possibility that the intercalant layers in these compounds may be the 2-dimensional (2D) structural and electrical analogue of the corresponding bulk 3-dimensional (3D) metal ammonia solutions which are renowned for the metal-insulator (MI) transition which they exhibit.4 Indeed, recent electrical resistivity and optical reflectivity5 measurements of the potassium-ammonia T GIC’s do indeed indicate that the intercalant layer undergoes an MI transition at a value of x ~ 4.0 corresponding to complete solvation of the potassium ions by 4-fold coordinated ammonia molecules3.
Power Mobility Training for Young Children with Multiple, Severe Impairments: A Case Series

ABSTRACTAims: Young children with neurodevelopmental conditions are often limited in their ability to explore and learn from their environment. The purposes of this case series were to (1) describe the outcomes of using an alternative power mobility device with young children who had multiple, severe impairments; (2) develop power mobility training methods for use with these children; and (3) determine the feasibility of using various outcome measures. Methods: Three children with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels IV, V, and V) ages 17 months to 3.5 years participated in the case series. Examination included the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) and the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ). An individualized, engaging power mobility training environment was created for each participant. Intervention was provided for 60 minutes per week over 12 weeks. Results: All participants exhibited improvements in power mobility skills. ...
A New Graduate Degree in Mathematics

(1969). A New Graduate Degree in Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 687-689.