cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a Metaphysics of Culture

This paper provides a sketch of a fresh conception of the “metaphysics” of culture and a sense of its conceptual power and advantages, based on a post-Darwinian account of the artifactual, hybrid nature of a person, chiefly in terms of (what I treat as terms of art) Bildung (“external” and “internal”), Sittlichkeit (both descriptive and normative), and interpretation (diversely manifested in different sectors of inquiry). I consider the (“metaphysical”) relationship between membership in the species Homo sapiens sapiens and functioning as a person the generic distinction of human cultures (enlanguaged cultures), which I call Intentionality (that is, whatever is culturally significant or significative); and the bearing of the thesis on familiar philosophical quarrels and theory of the sciences.
Position-related variability of CSF opening pressure measurements.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normative data for CSF OP have previously been established with patients in the LD position. During fluoroscopically guided LP procedures, radiologists frequently obtain these OP measurements with patients prone. In this prospective study, our goal was to determine the variability of OP measurements as a function of patient positioning and to assess whether there is a relationship with patient BMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients reporting for fluoroscopically guided LP or myelography were enrolled. OP was measured with the patient in 3 positions, with the order of the technique randomized: prone with table flat, prone with table tilted until the hub of the needle was at the level of the right atrium, and LD with the needle hub at the level of the spinal canal. The BMI of each patient was calculated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and linear regression analysis with bivariate fit of difference were used for analysis. RESULTS: OP measurements with the patient in the prone position were significantly elevated compared with those in the LD position, with mean differences of 2.7 ( P 2 O, ( P = .017) for prone flat and prone tilted, respectively. There was no significant difference in OP measurements for the prone flat versus prone tilted positions ( P = .20). There was no correlation between BMI and observed differences (LD-flat: R 2 = 0.00028; LD-tilt: R 2 = 0.00038; prone-tilt: R 2 = 0.00000020). CONCLUSIONS: Measuring OP with the patient in the prone position may result in overestimation of CSF pressure. Table tilt did not significantly impact mean prone OP. Radiologists should specify exact patient positioning when reporting OP measurements.
On automatic search for invariants of hybrid systems

Two new strategies for automatic generation of invariants (such as Lyapunov functions and storage functions) of hybrid systems. are proposed. The first is based on combining elements of a prespecified set of partial invariants, which are defined as functions of system state which admit quadratic increment bounds subject to system dynamics. The complete invariant is then sought in the form of a convex combination of partial invariants. The second strategy relies on representation of system equations in the form of linear equalities imposed on analog and logical variables, and the invariant is sought in the form of a quadratic function of such variables. In both cases, the search for the actual system invariant reduces to minimization of a convex cost, where the cost function itself is defined in terms of a very specific non-convex optimization problem: maximization of a convex quadratic functional over a hypercube. This problem, which is a general version of the MAX-CUT problem, is known to be NP-hard but admits a family of suboptimal algorithms based on convex relaxations, which has shown promising results. A new logarithmic bound for the relaxation gap is derived for the standard relaxation algorithm in the MAX-CUT problem.
Significance of benign endometrial cells in Pap smears from postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of benign exfoliated endometrial epithelial or stromal cells on cervico-vaginal Pap smears obtained from postmenopausal women not receiving exogenous hormones. STUDY DESIGN: A computerized search of the cytology database at two institutions was performed for a five-year period, and all cervical cytology cases from postmenopausal patients diagnosed with benign endometrial cells were identified. Those cases with histologic follow-up within 12 months of the original cytologic evaluation were selected for analysis, and their cytology and surgical pathology slides were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 227 postmenopausal women with benign endometrial cells were identified. Of the 61 patients with histologic follow-up, 25 (41%) had significant endometrial diseases, including hyperplasia without atypia (11), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (5), well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (8) and high grade serous carcinoma (1). Benign diagnoses, including atrophy (15), weakly proliferative endometrium (9) and proliferative endometrium (6), were noted in 30 patients (49%). Endometrial polyp was identified in three patients (5%). There were three cases of nondiagnostic histologic specimens that lacked endometrial tissue (5%). Two of nine women (22%) with proven carcinoma were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of endometrial cells, cytologically benign, in a postmenopausal woman not receiving hormone on Pap smears is associated with a significant number of cases of endometrial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma.
Directed deposition of functional polymers onto porous substrates using metal salt inhibitors.

This paper demonstrates the ability to control the location of polymer deposition onto porous substrates using vapor phase polymerization in combination with metal salt inhibitors. Functional polymers such as hydrophobic poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate), click-active poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate), and light-responsive poly(ortho-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) were patterned onto porous hydrophilic substrates using metal salts. A combinatorial screening approach was used to determine the effects of different transition metal salts and reaction parameters on the patterning process. It was found that CuCl2 and Cu(NO3)2 were effective at uniformly inhibiting the deposition of all three polymers through the depth of the porous substrate and along the entire cross section. This study offers a new and convenient method to selectively deposit a wide variety of functional polymers onto porous materials and will enable the production of next-generation multifunctional paper-based microfluidic devices, po...
Systemic lupus erythematosus and macrophage activation syndrome in children

Macrophage activation syndrome(MAS)is a severe even life-threatening complication of either chronic rheumatic diseases(in particular systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis)or inflammatory disorders in children. However,the adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by MAS are common seen in clinical reports . The focus of this paper will review the concept of macrophage activation,infection-associated pathopoiesis,clinical recognization and treatment of MAS.
Urothelial injury to the rabbit bladder from various alkaline and acidic solutions used to dissolve kidney stones.

Abstract Different irrigating solutions are used clinically to dissolve uric acid, cystine and struvite stones. These studies were undertaken to assess the toxicity to the rabbit bladder epithelium of several commonly used formulations. Test solutions were infused antegrade through a left ureterotomy overnight. Bladders were removed and routine histological sections made. A pH 7.6 solution of NaHCO3 appeared harmless. The same solution with two per cent acetylcysteine produced slight injury. All pH 4 solutions caused significant damage to the urothelium. Hemiacidrin, which contains magnesium, produced less damage than did other pH 4 solutions without that cation. Our data tend to support Suby’s conclusions that addition of magnesium reduces urothelial injury even though the presence of magnesium will slow dissolution of struvite.
Substance Use Disorders in Elderly Admissions to an Academic Psychiatric Inpatient Service over a 10-Year Period

Objective. There is a paucity of research on substance use disorders (SUDs) in the elderly psychiatric population. This study examines SUDs in a geriatric psychiatry inpatient service over a 10-year period. Methods. Data from 1788 elderly psychiatric inpatients from a ten-year period was collected. Variables collected included psychiatric diagnoses, SUD, number of psychiatric admissions, and length of stay. Those with and without a SUD were compared using Chi-Square or Student's t-test as appropriate using SPSS. Results. 11.7% (N = 210) of patients had a SUD, and the most common substance was alcohol at 73.3% (N = 154) or 8.6% of all admissions. Other SUDs were sedative-hypnotics (11%), opiate (2.9%), cannabis (1%), tobacco (1.4%), and unspecified SUD (38.6%). SUD patients were significantly younger, divorced, male, and less frequently readmitted and had shorter lengths of stay. The most common comorbid diagnoses were major depression (26.1%), bipolar disorder (10.5%), and dementia (17.1%). Conclusions. Over 10% of psychogeriatric admissions were associated with a SUD, with alcohol being the most common. Considering the difficulties in diagnosing SUD in this population and the retrospective study design, the true prevalence in elderly psychiatric inpatients is likely higher. This study adds to sparse literature on SUD in elderly psychiatric patients.
Iterative reweighted least squares for matrix rank minimization

The classical compressed sensing problem is to find the sparsest solution to an underdetermined system of linear equations. A good convex approximation to this problem is to minimize the l 1 norm subject to affine constraints. The Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLSp) algorithm (0 &#60; p ≤ 1), has been proposed as a method to solve the l p (p ≤ 1) minimization problem with affine constraints. Recently Chartrand et al observed that IRLS-p with p &#60; 1 has better empirical performance than l 1 minimization, and Daubechies et al gave ‘local’ linear and super-linear convergence results for IRLS-p with p = 1 and p &#60; 1 respectively. In this paper we extend IRLS-p as a family of algorithms for the matrix rank minimization problem and we also present a related family of algorithms, sIRLS-p. We present guarantees on recovery of low-rank matrices for IRLS-1 under the Null Space Property (NSP). We also establish that the difference between the successive iterates of IRLS-p and sIRLS-p converges to zero and that the IRLS-0 algorithm converges to the stationary point of a non-convex rank-surrogate minimization problem. On the numerical side, we give a few efficient implementations for IRLS-0 and demonstrate that both sIRLS-0 and IRLS-0 perform better than algorithms such as Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) on a range of ‘hard’ problems (where the ratio of number of degrees of freedom in the variable to the number of measurements is large). We also observe that sIRLS-0 performs better than Iterative Hard Thresholding algorithm (IHT) when there is no apriori information on the low rank solution.
The Melanocortin Receptor ACTH1-39 May Protect Oligodendroglia by Inhibiting Protein Kinase C (P5.287)

Objective : Identify kinase pathways regulated by ACTH1-39 to protect oligodendroglia (OL) from death by apoptosis, excitotoxicity, inflammatory mediators or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Background: Damage to myelin and OL in multiple sclerosis involves excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. OL express melanocortin receptors; the melanocortin ACTH1-39 acts independently of corticosteroids to protect OL in vitro from death induced by staurosporine, excitotoxicity, quinolinic acid or ROS, but not nitric oxide or kynurenic acid (Benjamins et al. 2013). The kinase signaling pathways activated by ACTH1-39 to protect OL are not known. Methods: Rat OL were incubated for 24 hours with ACTH and each toxic agent, with/without inhibitors of PKCα,β, PI3 kinase, adenyl cyclase or MAP kinase. Controls included medium, toxic agent, or toxic agent plus inhibitor. Results: Inhibiting PKCα,β did not block or enhance ACTH1-39 protection. However, like ACTH1-39, PKCα,β inhibition alone was sufficient to protect OL from all the insults except nitric oxide and kynurenic acid. PI3 kinase signals ACTH1-39 protection of OL from staurosporine, glutamate, NMDA, kainate and quinolinic acid. Adenyl cyclase and MAP kinase are also utilized for OL protection from staurosporine, glutamate and quinolinic acid. Neither pathway is utilized for protection from AMPA or H 2 O 2 . Conclusions: Both ACTH1-39 and PKCα,β inhibition protect OL from the same insults, suggesting that those toxic agents all require PKCα,β activity for OL death, and that ACTH1-39 downregulates melanocortin receptor-coupled G a q signaling to inhibit the PKC pathway. ACTH1-39 activates PI3 kinase, MAP kinase and/or adenyl cyclase to protect OL from some but not all of the toxic agents. In conclusion, ACTH1-39 and PKCα,β inhibition have a broader spectrum of OL protection than activation of PI3 kinase or MAP kinase. Support: Investigator Initiated Research Award from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Autoimmune/Rare Diseases Division (formerly Questcor); Parker Webber Chair in Neurology (DMC Foundation/WSU) (RL). Disclosure: Dr. Lisak has received personal compensation for activities with Teva, Mallinckrodt, and Syntimmune. Dr. Lisak has received research support from: Mallinckrodt, Teva, Sanofi, MedImmune, and Biogen Idec. Dr. Nedelkosk has received research support from Mallinckrodt. Dr. Benjamins has received research support from Questcor and Avanir Pharmaceuticals.
The Provocative Fifteenth Century

This double issue of Exemplaria suggests that fifteenth-century literary culture in England promoted a sensibility of provocation, where not only authors but also scribes, translators, readers, rec...
Perceptions of Student Teaching Abroad: Upon Return and Two Years After.

This study sought to identify preservice teachers’ perceptions of their student teaching abroad experience and its effectiveness in preparing them to be globally competent educators upon completion of their student teaching as well as two years after. Findings indicate that they perceive their experience to have been both advantageous and effective and that it enhanced their global-mindedness. More than two years after student teaching abroad the experience continues to have a personal and professional impact as they find themselves to be more global-minded and seeking opportunities to share their abroad experience.
Activation of the human ε- and β-globin promoters by SV40 T antigen

We have studied the effect of the SV40 T antigen on expression from human globin promoters fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and compared its effect with the SV40 enhancer and the adenovirus E1A protein. We have observed that expression of p epsilon GLCAT and p beta GLCAT (the epsilon-globin or beta-globin promoter linked to the CAT gene) was significantly stimulated when cotransfected with a cloned T antigen plasmid into CV-1 cells, indicating that trans-activation of the globin promoters was mediated by SV40 T antigen. Transfection of the p beta GLCAT-SV (p beta GLCAT containing the SV40 enhancer element) into CV-1 cells resulted in a 50-60-fold increase in CAT activity as compared to p beta GLCAT (no enhancer). However, cotransfection of the p beta GLCAT-SV with the cloned T antigen resulted in an additional increase of CAT expression, which suggests that T antigen and the SV40 enhancer activate globin gene expression independently. We found that T antigen but not E1A could further stimulate the expression of an enhancer-containing plasmid in CV-1 cells; whereas E1A but not T antigen could further stimulate p epsilon GLCAT expression in COS-1 cells which constitutively express the SV40 T antigen. These results suggest that T antigen and E1A also act independently. Deletion analysis showed that the minimum sequence required for a detectable level of stimulation of the epsilon-globin promoter by T antigen is 177 bp 5' to the cap site, suggesting that the target sequences for response to T antigen do not reside in the canonical 100 bp promoter region, but rather reside in sequences further upstream, and therefore the cellular factors interacting with T antigen are not the TATA or CAT box binding proteins, but the proteins interacting with upstream regulatory sequences.
Chapter 2 – Gender Diagnoses

This chapter begins by briefly reviewing psychiatric and medical theorizing about transgender presentations. In the 19th century, they were usually classified as forms of psychopathology. In the mid-20th century, transsexualism and gender reassignment treatments became more common leading to greater popular, medical, and psychiatric awareness of the concept of gender identity. In the 21st century, international expert guidelines support transition in carefully evaluated individuals, although health care systems in a minority of countries cover needed medical services for gender reassignment. This chapter then reviews the migration of gender diagnoses within the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD). Finally, controversies surrounding gender diagnoses are briefly reviewed. These include pediatric diagnoses in diagnostic manuals, different treatment approaches for prepubescent gender dysphoric children, and competing arguments for keeping gender diagnoses in diagnostic manuals, thus allowing access to care, versus arguments to reduce stigma by removing the diagnoses.
Reviews and Resources:Practical Guide to Diagnostic Parasitology (2nd ed.): BOOK

Parasitology is an important biomedical discipline devoted to the study of diverse organisms, ranging from protozoa to helminths to arthropods. All of these organisms have, however, one thing in common: they are composed of one or more eukaryotic cells. Garcia's book focuses on various approaches to diagnostic parasitology. More specifically, the author provides a large collection of currently used laboratory protocols enriched with supplemental background information that will help investigators to isolate and identify medically important parasites.
Form and character diversity of potential world vegetation

Abstract Over the course of Earth history, plant shapes, sizes, general architecture and other aspects of form have all changed through evolution and with changing environmental conditions. What kinds of plants occurred when, and what form characters did they possess? How did these characters change, and how did the form diversity of vegetation assemblages affect their ability to adapt to changing conditions? We do not have relevant field data everywhere in the world, even for today’s conditions, so for geographically representative world coverage, we need models to study plant form diversity and its possible adaptive relevance. This study uses an existing model of the potential growth-form composition of world vegetation, for the more stable climate of roughly 1980, to provide a first worldwide geographic overview of potential plant form and character richness. Greater numbers of plant forms and of both structural and functional attributes would seem to suggest greater potential for adaptation to changing conditions, both in the past and the future. Analysis of the predicted patterns may suggest some insight into mechanisms of adaptation that contribute to “staying power” and evolutionary success under changing conditions.
The Pucallpa Nest and its constraints on the geometry of the Peruvian Flat Slab

Abstract Seismic nests (or clusters) are typically defined as regions of high seismic activity at intermediate depths that do not move over time and are not associated with volcanic activity at the surface (e.g. Zarifi and Havskov, 2003; Zarifi et al., 2007; Prieto et al., 2012). In this study, we focus on a seismic nest located in central Peru beneath the Amazon basin city of Pucallpa. The location of this nest is just beyond the eastern-most extent of the Peruvian flat slab, similar to the settings of two other South American clusters, the Bucaramanga and Pipanaco nests. While the Pucallpa nest is visible in the figures of many earlier papers on intermediate depth South American seismicity, it has not to our knowledge been described as a seismic nest before. We present the first detailed description of the Pucallpa nest, compare it to other established nests, and discuss its implications for our understanding of the Peruvian flat slab. Our results indicate that the Pucallpa nest demarcates the northern margin of a sag in the horizontally subducting Nazca plate in central Peru. The position of the nest along the projected location of the downgoing Mendana fracture zone is consistent with local variations in b-values and could help to explain both the nest's genesis and the co-located change in slab geometry. The nest is also spatially well correlated with the northern margin of the thick-skinned Shira Mountains and with the high heat flow associated with the Agua Caliente dome (Hermoza et al., 2006; Navarro Comet, 2018). Further study is needed to understand the effects of the complex Peruvian slab geometry on the formation of thick skinned deformation and heat flow anomalies on the overriding South American continent.
Illuminating a Practical Solution to Clothing Protection from Mustard Gas

Lee et al. reported the first metal-organic framework (MOF)-fiber composite for the catalytic detoxification of a mustard gas simulant. The development of such wearable catalytic materials is an important step toward developing protection equipment that can simultaneously detoxify several chemical warfare agents (CWAs) under ambient conditions.
Applying trauma systems concepts to humanitarian battlefield care: a qualitative analysis of the Mosul trauma pathway.

Trauma systems have been shown to save lives in military and civilian settings, but their use by humanitarians in conflict settings has been more limited. During the Battle of Mosul (October 2016–July 2017), trauma care for injured civilians was provided through a novel approach in which humanitarian actors were organized into a trauma pathway involving echelons of care, a key component of military trauma systems. A better understanding of this approach may help inform trauma care delivery in future humanitarian responses in conflicts. A qualitative study design was used to examine the Mosul civilian trauma response. From August–December 2017, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 54) representing nearly two dozen organizations that directly participated in or had first-hand knowledge of the response. Source document reviews were also conducted. Responses were analyzed in accordance with a published framework on civilian battlefield trauma systems, focusing on whether the response functioned as an integrated trauma system. Opportunities for improvement were identified. The Mosul civilian trauma pathway was implemented as a chain of care for civilian casualties with three successive echelons (trauma stabilization points, field hospitals, and referral hospitals). Coordinated by the World Health Organization, it comprised a variety of actors, including non-governmental organizations, civilian institutions, and at least one private medical company. Stakeholders generally felt that this approach improved access to trauma care for civilians injured near the frontlines compared to what would have been available. Several trauma systems elements such as transportation, data collection, field coordination, and post-operative rehabilitative care might have been further developed to support a more integrated system. The Mosul trauma pathway evolved to address critical gaps in trauma care during the Battle of Mosul. It adapted the concept of echelons of care from western military practice to push humanitarian actors closer to the frontlines and improve access to care for injured civilians. Although efforts were made to incorporate some of the integrative components (e.g. evidence-based pre-hospital care, transportation, and data collection) that have enabled recent achievements by military trauma systems, many of these proved difficult to implement in the Mosul context. Further discussion and research are needed to determine how trauma systems insights can be adapted in future humanitarian responses given resource, logistical, and security constraints, as well as to clarify the responsibilities of various actors.
Testing and Tribology

When the first artificial knees were invented, almost no testing methods were available. The first tests were related to friction, lubrication, and wear (tribology). The tests consisted of measuring the friction between the sliding surfaces and the wear produced over multiple cycles. The earliest test methods applied to the mechanics of artificial knee design were to measure the laxity and stability in loaded and unloaded conditions. The tests used standard loading machines, with special fixtures added. The next goal was to study the fixation of components. Tests ranged from simple loading conditions where the interface micromotions were measured to multichannel machines for comparing the fixation of different tibial component designs mounted in bone specimens. The basic data on the forces in the knee during activities, available from 1970, was a major benefit in all of the testing. This is particularly the case for knee simulators for measuring the long-term wear. The initial machines were single channel, but the first multichannel machines, developed in the 1990s, were needed for practical wear testing. The Oxford Knee Rig has been useful for studying kinematics and forces, while robots have been used mainly for studying ligament behavior. Tests are essential to design, and the FDA requires specific tests to gain approval for clinical application.
Modeling occupancy-driven building loads for large and diversified building stocks through the use of parametric schedules

Abstract Building energy modeling provides a fundamental tool to evaluate the potential for energy efficiency to contribute to reducing world energy consumption and global emissions. Occupancy-related operations are a key source of uncertainty for building energy analysis, particularly for aggregated building stocks. At a district or city level, it is critical to estimate aggregated power load profiles for sizing power grid infrastructure, power plant capacity allocation, and energy efficiency measures. The stochastic nature of behavior-related operations complicates the creation of models that accurately capture building load profiles for entire building stocks. This research introduces a new methodology called parametric schedules to model occupancy-driven schedules for large and diverse building stocks. In contrast to computationally expensive methodologies proposed in the literature, our work does not use a recursive time-consuming step. Occupancy is estimated by the extrapolation of operation times directly from metered electric consumption data; occupancy-related schedules are stochastically assigned to each building model, guaranteeing diversity of operation times in the stock. Our procedure has been tested on a large, diversified data-set of ∼ 25,000 commercial buildings in Los Angeles, California. It proved to be able to adequately represent the stochastic schedules diversity of the stock and to refine the stock calibration process by 1%. This innovative approach represents a useful asset for utility companies, grid operators, urban planners, and balancing authorities, seeking to improve building stock modeling and better estimate the impact of energy conservation measures. – This work is part of a larger stock modeling tool called ComStock, which is under development by NREL.
Traumatic Injuries of the Foot and Ankle

Abstract Foot and ankle emergencies are commonly encountered in the acute care setting and must be rapidly and accurately diagnosed in order to facilitate best possible treatment. Given the importance of the ankle and foot in both weight bearing and ambulation, the importance of prompt identification and accurate description of these injuries cannot be understated. Pathologies range from traumatic fractures and ligamentous injury to soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive imaging review of the pathology and imaging of frequently encountered foot and ankle emergencies.
Clinical Trials for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Comprehensive Review of Endpoints, Pitfalls, and Challenges

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is among the most debilitating nonmotor features of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Patients with PD and nOH generate more hospitalizations, make more emergency room visits, create more telephone calls/mails to doctors, and have earlier mortality than those with PD but without nOH. Overall, the health-related cost in patients with PD and OH is 2.5-fold higher compared with patients with PD without OH. Hence, developing effective therapies for nOH should be a research priority. In the last few decades, improved understanding of the pathophysiology of nOH has led to the identification of therapeutic targets and the development and approval of two drugs, midodrine and droxidopa. More effective and safer therapies, however, are still needed, particularly agents that could selectively increase blood pressure only in the standing position because supine hypertension is the main limitation of available drugs. Here we review the design and conduct of nOH clinical trials in patients with PD and other synucleinopathies, summarize the results of the most recently completed and ongoing trials, and discuss challenges, bottlenecks, and potential remedies.
In Search of Vocational and Technical Teacher Education

Aggregated program and enrollment data about specialized vocational and technical teacher education programs as they currently exist in our nation's colleges and universities are presented. Some analysis is provided about the future supply and demand of vocational and technical education teachers. It is concluded that our nation's colleges and universities have greatly diminished their capacity to prepare teachers for vocational and technical education programs. Even with the decreasing supply, it is doubtful that there will be a large demand for traditional vocational teachers. There may be a shortage of teachers well prepared to teach in new or modified work-based education programs, technology, and technological applications. Further, a clearly focused conceptual framework undergirding vocational and technical teacher education in our nation's colleges and universities has yet to be developed.
Role of zinc in neonatal growth and brain growth: review and scoping review

This manuscript includes (1) a narrative review of Zinc as an essential nutrient for fetal and neonatal growth and brain growth and development and (2) a scoping review of studies assessing the effects of Zinc supplementation on survival, growth, brain growth, and neurodevelopment in neonates. Very preterm infants and small for gestational age infants are at risk for Zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency can cause several complications including periorificial lesions, delayed wound healing, hair loss, diarrhea, immune deficiency, growth failure with stunting, and brain atrophy and dysfunction. Zinc is considered essential for oligodendrogenesis, neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, white matter growth, and multiple biological and physiological roles in neurobiology. Data support the possibility that the critical period of Zinc delivery for brain growth in the mouse starts at 18 days of a 20-21-day pregnancy and extends during lactation and in human may start at 26 weeks of gestation and extend until at least 44 weeks of postmenstrual age. Studies are needed to better elucidate Zinc requirement in extremely low gestational age neonates to minimize morbidity, optimize growth, and brain growth, prevent periventricular leukomalacia and optimize neurodevelopment. IMPACT: Zinc is essential for growth and brain growth and development. In the USA, very preterm small for gestational age infants are at risk for Zinc deficiency. Data support the possibility that the critical period of Zinc delivery for brain growth in the mouse starts at 18 days of a 20-21-day pregnancy and extends during lactation and in human may start at 26 weeks' gestation and extend until at least 44 weeks of postmenstrual age. Several randomized trials of Zinc supplementation in neonates have shown improvement in growth when using high enough dose, for long duration in patients likely to or proven to have a Zinc deficiency. Studies are needed to better elucidate Zinc requirement in extremely low gestational age neonates to minimize morbidity, optimize growth and brain growth, prevent periventricular leukomalacia and optimize neurodevelopment.
Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Oxazoles, Imidazoles, and Thiazoles

The development of the intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition­ of azole heterocycles, i.e. oxazoles (IMDAO), imidazoles (IMDAI), and thiazoles (IMDAT), has had a significant impact on the efficient preparation of heterocyclic intermediates and natural products. In particular, highly efficient and versatile IMDAO reactions have been utilized as a key step in several synthetic schemes to provide alkaloids and terpenoid target molecules. More limited studies have been performed on IMDAI and IMDAT cycloadditions. Some drawbacks, such as the occasionally­ challenging preparation of IMDA precursors, are also highlighted in this review. Perspectives are provided on how IMDAI and IMDAT­ transformations can be further expanded for target-directed syntheses. 1 Introduction 2 Oxazoles 2.1 IMDAO Approaches to Furanosesquiterpenes and Furanosteroids 2.1.1 Syntheses of Highly Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes 2.1.2 Syntheses of (±)-Gnididione and (±)-Isognididione 2.1.3 Synthesis of (±)-Stemoamide 2.1.4 Synthesis of (±)-Paniculide A 2.1.5 Syntheses of (+)- and (–)-Norsecurinine 2.1.6 Synthesis of Evodone 2.1.7 Syntheses of (±)-Ligularone and (±)-Petasalbine 2.1.8 Syntheses of Imerubrine, Isoimerubrine, and Grandirubrine 2.1.9 Syntheses of Furanosteroids 2.1.10 Syntheses of Substituted Indolines and Tetrahydroquinolines 2.2 IMDAO Approaches to Pyridines: the Kondrat’eva Reaction 2.2.1 Syntheses of Suaveoline and Norsuaveoline 2.2.2 Synthesis of Eupolauramine 2.2.3 Syntheses of (–)-Plectrodorine and (+)-Oxerine 2.2.4 Synthesis of Amphimedine 2.2.5 Synthetic Approach to the Western Segment of Haplophytine 2.2.6 Synthesis of Marinoquinoline A 2.2.6.1 IMDAO Approach to Marinoquinoline A 2.2.6.2 Scope of Allenyl IMDAO Cycloaddition 2.3 Lewis Acid Catalysis in IMDAO Reactions 2.3.1 Effects of Europium Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions 2.3.2 Effects of Copper Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions 3 Imidazoles 4 Thiazoles 4.1 Syntheses of Menthane and Eremophilane 4.2 Further Comments on the Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Thiocarbonyl Ylides 5 Conclusions and Outlook
Enhancing Intestinal Absorption of a Model Macromolecule via the Paracellular Pathway using E-Cadherin Peptides.

Abstract Membrane permeation enhancers have received significant attention in recent years for enabling the oral absorption of poorly permeable drug molecules. In this study, we investigated the ability of His-Ala-Val (HAV) and Ala-Asp-Thr (ADT) peptides derived from the extracellular-1 (EC1) domain of E-cadherin proteins to increase the paracellular permeation and intestinal bioavailability of the poorly permeable model macromolecule, fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran with average molecular weight 4000 (FD4). The in vitro enzymatic stability of linear and cyclic E-cadherin peptides was characterized under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, and the cyclic E-cadherin peptides, HAVN1 and ADTC5, which demonstrated excellent stability in vitro, were advanced to in vivo intestinal instillation studies and compared against the established surfactant membrane permeation enhancer, sodium caprate (C10). Cyclic HAVN1 and ADTC5 peptides increased FD4 bioavailability by 7.2- and 4.4-fold compared to control, respectively (not statistically significant). In contrast, C10 provided a statistically significant 10.7-fold relative bioavailability enhancement for FD4. Importantly, this study represents the first report of cyclic E-cadherin peptides as intestinal membrane permeation enhancers. The findings described herein demonstrate the potential of enzymatically stabilized cyclic E-cadherin peptides for increasing poorly permeable drug absorption via the oral route.
Optimal Put Exercise: An Empirical Examination of Conditions for Mortgage Foreclosure

Implicit in option-pricing models of mortgage valuation are threshold levels of put-option value that must be crossed to induce borrower default. There has been little research into what these threshold values are that come out of pricing models, or how they compare to exercised option values seen in empirical data. This study decomposes boundary conditions for optimal default exercise to look at the economic dynamics that should lead to optimal default timing. Empirical data on FHA insured mortgage foreclosures is then examined to discern the predictive influence of optimal-option-valuation-and-exercise variables on observed default timing and values. Interesting results include a new understanding of how to measure and use property equity variables during economic downturns, house price index ranges over which default is exercised for various classes of borrowers, and implied differences in appreciation rates between market price indices and foreclosed properties.
Relationship Between External Load and Self-Reported Wellness Measures Across a Men's Collegiate Soccer Preseason.

ABSTRACT Fields, JB, Lameira, DM, Short, JL, Merrigan, JM, Gallo, S, White, JB, and Jones, MT. Relationship between external load and self-reported wellness measures across a collegiate men's soccer preseason. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1182-1186, 2021-Monitoring athlete training load is important to training programming and can help balance training and recovery periods. Furthermore, psychological factors can affect athlete's performance. Therefore, the purpose was to examine the relationship between external load and self-reported wellness measures during soccer preseason. Collegiate men soccer athletes (n = 20; mean ± SD age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years; body mass: 77.9 ± 6.8 kg; body height: 178.87 ± 7.18cm; body fat: 10.0 ± 5.0%; Vo2max: 65.39 ± 7.61ml·kg-1·min-1) participated. Likert scale self-assessments of fatigue, soreness, sleep, stress, and energy were collected daily in conjunction with the Brief Assessment of Mood (vigor, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion). Total distance (TD), player load (PL), high-speed distance (HSD, >13 mph [5.8 m·s-1]), high inertial movement analysis (IMA, >3.5 m·s-2), and repeated high-intensity efforts (RHIEs) were collected in each training session using positional monitoring (global positioning system/global navigation satellite system [GPS/GNSS]) technology. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) was determined from athlete's post-training rating (Borg CR-10 Scale) and time of training session. Multilevel models revealed the bidirectional prediction of load markers on fatigue, soreness, sleep, energy, and sRPE (p < 0.05). Morning ratings of soreness and fatigue were predicted by previous afternoon's practice measures of TD, PL, HSD, IMA, RHIE, and sRPE. Morning soreness and fatigue negatively predicted that day's afternoon practice TD, PL, HSD, IMA, RHIE, and sRPE. Morning ratings of negative mood were positively predicted by previous day's afternoon practice HSD. In addition, negative morning mood states inversely predicted HSD (p = 0.011), TD (p = 0.002), and PL (p < 0.001) for that day's afternoon practice. Using self-reported wellness measures with GPS/GNSS technology may enhance the understanding of training responses and inform program development.
Fast Linking of Separately-Compiled FPGA Blocks without a NoC

Dedicated point-to-point wires (DW) can be used in place of a Packet-Switched Networks-on-a-Chip (PSNoC) for fast linking of separately-compiled FPGA blocks, providing higher bandwidth and performance with less area overhead without increasing compile time. Previous work showed that separate compilation of FPGA modules using a pre-compiled FPGA overlay could reduce the long FPGA compile time by defining and separately mapping small partially reconfigurable blocks (Processing Elements) and using a fixed PSNoC to connect them together. Nonetheless, the lightweight PSNoC cannot meet the high data transmission requirements for some critical links, limiting overall performance. We demonstrate that DWs, where the producer ports and consumer ports are directly connected instead of sharing limited-throughput, packet-switched connections, can provide us with high throughput between Processing Elements (PEs) while preserving the fast compile time; the DWs also reside on partially reconfigurable blocks and can be compiled along with the reconfigurable PEs simultaneously on the cloud. Adjacent pages can be connected by fast links with low latency. Mapping Rosetta Benchmarks, we show that the application-customized direct networks can offer 1.5-10× performance gain and 47-86% interface area overhead savings compared to previous work with PSNoCs.
Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis of the Spine: A Case Report.

Introduction Indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by proliferation of dendritic cells that share morphologic and immunophenotypic features of Langerhans cells and non-Langerhans histiocytes. ICH lesions are typically restricted to the skin; however, there have been rare reports of extracutaneous and systemic involvement. Case presentation We describe a case of a 13-year-old female presenting with complaints of worsening lower back pain for 1 year. CT and MRI of the lumbar spine demonstrated a well-defined bony, lytic, expansile lesion of the posterior and mid-endplate of the L4 vertebra with mass effect on the thecal sac. The patient underwent L3-L5 decompression and fusion with surgical excision of the vertebral body tumor. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed benign fibrohistiocytic proliferation with giant cells, and immunohistochemical staining revealed a phenotype consistent with indeterminate cell histiocytosis (S100+ CD1a+ langerin-). Discussion/conclusion ICH is an extraordinarily rare neoplastic disease of dendritic cells that has a poorly understood pathogenesis. This case expands the spectrum of potential ICH extracutaneous involvement to now include the spine, a location previously undocumented in the literature in the pediatric population.
Learning the neurobiology of pain: A scoping review of pain education from an instructional design perspective.

Abstract Objectives Learning modern pain biology concepts can improve important clinical outcomes for people with chronic pain. The primary purpose of this scoping review is to examine and report characteristics of chronic musculoskeletal pain education programs from an instructional design perspective. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched. Articles included expert recommendations and those reporting pain education programs used in clinical trials enrolling adults with chronic neuromusculoskeletal pain and published in English between 1990 and 2021. Three authors independently evaluated articles for eligibility through title, abstract, and full text review. Instructional design characteristics such as learning outcomes, support materials, learning assessment methods, and key concepts communicated were summarized. Results The search revealed 5260 articles of which 40 were included: 27 clinical studies, 7 expert recommendations, and 6 articles reporting on pain education from participant perspectives. Detailed reporting of instructional design characteristics informing replication in subsequent studies is sparse. Most included trials used only lecture and did not assess participant learning. Conclusions More comprehensive reporting of pain education programs is needed to facilitate replicability. Practical implications This article proposes detailed and standardized reporting of trials using pain education programs employing a modified version of the TIDieR checklist.
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Academic-Behavior Intervention:

The relationship between learning disabilities and behavior disorders is well documented and has led to the development of integrated interventions that target both academic and behavior deficits i...
A Psycho-Educational Intervention Program for Police Officers

Introduction:Recent studies have documented the adverse impacts of disaster exposure for emergency response personnel. Increasingly, researchers and practitioners are focusing on the role of resiliency in reducing the risk of adverse mental health impacts on first responders. To that end, a novel resiliency-building intervention program was developed and implemented by an external peer-assistance program for a large urban police department. The program includes education and debriefing components and initially was piloted in precincts and now is being implemented at the firing range. A session consists of a team of two peer support officers and a mental health clinician presenting a short psycho-educational program designed to familiarize officers to signs and symptoms of distress and promote effective coping. This is followed by an hour-long small group discussion that gives officers an opportunity to discuss events that have affected them, giving them a better opportunity to mitigate the Stressors associated with those events. To assess the feasibility of this approach, a process evaluation of the program was conducted.Methods:Audio-taped, in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 25 program facilitators (14 peers and 11 clinicians). A thematic analysis of the transcripts followed.Results:Participants reported that the program was well received by officers of all ranks. An important aspect of this program was the relative privacy afforded by offering it in a more neutral setting of the firing range as opposed to a precinct. The presence and involvement of their fellow officers was seen as significant in fostering openness and normalizing officers' experiences. Participants also reported that this support mechanism likely would help prepare officers for disasters and other critical incidents.Conclusions:This program is a feasible and relatively inexpensive approach to providing psycho-education to police officers. This model maybe effective for other departments.