cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A fair fight between molecular marker types in a seascape genetics setting.

From its inception, population genetics has been nearly as concerned with the genetic data type—to which analyses are brought to bear—as it is with the analysis methods themselves. The field has traversed allozymes, microsatellites, segregating sites in multilocus alignments and, currently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by high‐throughput genomic sequencing methods, primarily whole genome sequencing and reduced representation library (RRL) sequencing. As each emerging data type has gained traction, it has been compared to existing methods, based on its relative ability to discern population structural complexity at increasing levels of resolution. However, this is usually done by comparing the gold standard in one data type to the gold standard in the new data type. These gold standards frequently differ in power and in sampling density, both across a genome and throughout a spatial range. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, D’Aloia et al. apply the high‐throughput approach as fully as possible to microsatellites, nuclear loci and SNPs genotyped through an RRL method; this is coupled with a spatially dense sampling scheme. Completing a battery of population genetics analyses across data types (including a series of down‐sampled data sets), the authors find that SNP data are slightly more sensitive to fine‐scale genetic structure, and the results are more resilient to down‐sampling than microsatellites and nonrepetitive nuclear loci. However, their results are far from an unqualified victory for RRL SNP data over all previous data types: the authors note that modest additions to the microsatellites and nuclear loci data sets may provide the necessary analytical power to delineate the fine‐scale genetic structuring identified by SNPs. As always, as the field begins to fully embrace the newest thing, good science reminds us that traditional data types are far from useless, especially when combined with a well‐designed sampling scheme.
First Bite Syndrome Following Rhytidectomy: A Case Report:

Background:First bite syndrome (FBS) is a known complication of parotid gland resection, parapharyngeal space dissection, and cervical sympathetic chain injury. It can be described as severe crampi...
Inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in moisture enhanced non-intact chicken patties by double pan-broiling as affected by cooking set-up temperature and pump rate

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the thermal inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in moisture enhanced reconstructed non-intact chicken patties with various pump rates and double pan-broiled at different temperatures. Fresh 1.5-kg coarse-ground chicken breast, inoculated with C. jejuni (3-strain mixture), were moisture enhanced with NaCl (2.0%) + Na-tripolyphosphate (0.5%) solutions to reach 1.0%, 5.0% or 11.0% pump rates. Inoculated samples were then manufactured into patties (2.1 cm thick and 10.4 cm diameter) followed by aerobic storage at 40.1 °F for 42.0 h before double pan-broiling for 0.0–360.0 s with temperatures set at 200.0, 300.0, 400.0 or 425.0 °F. C. jejuni counts were analyzed on Brucella agars under microaerophilic condition. Cooking reduced (P
Moving beyond the Statements: The Need for Action to Address Structural Racism at Predominantly White Institutions.

Higher education may once again be at a crossroad with the racial climate in the United States and what that means for college campuses. Consequently, institutions of higher education must commit to ensuring a supportive organizational structure for the social and psychosocial well-being of Black students and guaranteeing support resources for the psychological well-being of Black students. Such efforts require significant and enduring structural changes within institutions of higher education that should be ongoing and consistent.
Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Pennsylvania.

Background Growing literature linking unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) to adverse health has implicated air pollution and stress pathways. Persons with heart failure (HF) are susceptible to these stressors. Objectives This study sought to evaluate associations between UNGD activity and hospitalization among HF patients, stratified by both ejection fraction (EF) status (reduced [HFrEF], preserved [HFpEF], not classifiable) and HF severity. Methods We evaluated the odds of hospitalization among patients with HF seen at Geisinger from 2008 to 2015 using electronic health records. We assigned metrics of UNGD activity by phase (pad preparation, drilling, stimulation, and production) 30 days before hospitalization or a frequency-matched control selection date. We assigned phenotype status using a validated algorithm. Results We identified 9,054 patients with HF with 5,839 hospitalizations (mean age 71.1 ± 12.7 years; 47.7% female). Comparing 4th to 1st quartiles, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for hospitalization were 1.70 (1.35 to 2.13), 0.97 (0.75 to 1.27), 1.80 (1.35 to 2.40), and 1.62 (1.07 to 2.45) for pad preparation, drilling, stimulation, and production metrics, respectively. We did not find effect modification by HFrEF or HFpEF status. Associations of most UNGD metrics with hospitalization were stronger among those with more severe HF at baseline. Conclusions Three of 4 phases of UNGD activity were associated with hospitalization for HF in a large sample of patients with HF in an area of active UNGD, with similar findings by HFrEF versus HFpEF status. Older patients with HF seem particularly vulnerable to adverse health impacts from UNGD activity.
The role of timing in treatment of atrial fibrillation: An AFFIRM substudy

Background In contrast to historical trials, the Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial (EAST-AFNET 4) suggests the superiority of early rhythm control over rate control in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). The relative contribution of timing vs improvement in AF therapeutics over time is unclear. Objective This study aimed to isolate the assessment of early intervention for AF from temporal changes in AF treatments through a secondary analysis of subjects from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Methods We compared rate and rhythm control treatments in AFFIRM subjects stratified by time from their diagnosis of AF. Time-to-event analysis was performed to compare all-cause mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, stroke, and number of hospitalization days. Results Of the 4060 AFFIRM subjects, 2526 subjects (62.2%) had their first episode of AF within 6 months of study enrollment. Participants with "new" AF had a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (P = .001) than did those with prior AF diagnoses. Individuals previously diagnosed with AF were similar in age and demographic characteristics, but had more medical comorbidities, including myocardial infarction (P = .006), diabetes mellitus (P = .002), smoking (P = .003), and hepatic or renal comorbidities (P = .008). There were no differences in mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, or stroke between rate and rhythm control strategies in either AF subgroup. Conclusion AFFIRM subjects diagnosed with AF within 6 months of study enrollment showed no difference in survival, cardiovascular hospitalization, or ischemic stroke between rate and rhythm control strategies. Superiority of rhythm control strategies reported by newer AF trials may be more attributable to the refinement of AF therapies and less related to the timing of intervention.
Bayesian Concentration Ratio and Dissonance

We propose two new classes of Bayesian measure to investigate conflict among data sets from multiple studies. The first (“concentration ratio”) is used to quantify the amount of information provided by a single data set through the comparison of the prior and its posterior distribution, or two data sets according to their corresponding posterior distributions. The second class (“dissonance”) quantifies the extent of contradiction between two data sets. Both classes are based on volumes of highest density regions. They are well calibrated, supported by simulation, and computational algorithms are provided for their calculation. We illustrate these two classes in three real data applications: a benchmark dose toxicology study, a missing data study related to health effects of pollution, and a pediatric cancer study leveraging adult data.
Evaluating communication theories in Theory Bowl competition

Courses: Communication Theory, Advanced Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Communication Theory.Objectives: The purpose of this end-of-semester activity is to demonstrate (1) students’ abi...
From Schedules to Programs — Reimagining Networking Infrastructure for Future Cyber-Physical Systems

Future cyber-physical systems will require higher capacity, meet more stringent real-time requirements, and adapt quickly to a broader range of network dynamics. However, the traditional approach of using fixed schedules to drive the operation of wireless networks has inherent limitations that make it unsuitable for these systems. As an alternative, we propose to replace schedules with domain-specific programs that coordinate the operation of the network. Our idea is that nodes in the network will run automatically generated programs that make informed decisions about flows at run time rather than using an a priori fixed schedule. We will sketch a domain-specific language that uses this additional flexibility to increase network capacity significantly. Furthermore, the constructed programs are also sufficiently simple to efficiently analyze key performance metrics such as flow response time and reliability. We conclude with future research directions.
The Influence of Attitude Accessibility on Attitude-Behavior Relationships: Implications for Recreation Research.

Recreation researchers frequently employ the attitude concept in studying recreation phenomenon, yet there are times when attitude-behavior relationships are weak. One explanation for this is attit...
Magnetic Bubble Memory and Logic

Publisher Summary Bubbles are small magnetic domains of uniform size, capable of carrying digital information. Once generated, they can be deformed, moved, or replicated easily. Bubbles move synchronously under a global drive field, but also yield to local control by electric currents. They are a major contender for a high-density, nonvolatile, electronically accessed memory. Bubble memory is already a reality after a mere decade of development. There is no question that their high density, simple fabrication, low power dissipation, and nonvolatility will create a demand in the market place. Bubble logic is a natural next step, and should be just as rewarding. While much slower than its semiconductor counterpart, bubble logic comes on its own in the vicinity of a bubble memory. For there it can practically be thrown in for free. Electronic logic for the purpose would require considerable cost in bubble generation and detection. Bubble logic requires only simple additional controls, and the pipelined versions only add to the path length, without decreasing the data flow rate. Also, the nonvolatility of bubble logic is a definite asset for guaranteed performance in hostile environments. This chapter starts with a brief account of the physical basis of the bubble phenomenon, and then its exploitation in the form of bubble memories. The bulk of the article, however, is a discussion of bubble logic, taken in the generalized context to include not only Boolean logic, but the manipulation of bubble information flow as well.
Effects of Nitrogen Sources on Cellulose and Synthetic Lignin Degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded cellulose faster with organic nitrogen sources than with NH4Cl. Simple and complex nitrogen sources added at the time of inoculation to N-limited cultures of P. chrysosporium, with glucose as carbon/energy source, transiently stimulated degradation of synthetic [14C]lignin to 14CO2. The same nitrogen sources added 5 days after inoculation, when the cultures were entering secondary metabolism, delayed 14CO2 production. The various N sources affected synthetic lignin degradation in defined medium differently than lignin degradation in aspen wood.
Securities And Exchange Commission (SEC)

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a government agency focused on protecting investors, maintaining capital markets, and facilitating capital formation. Starting in early 1930s, the SEC has been the key organization overseeing federal securities law compliance and bringing enforcement actions against violators. The SEC is headed by five commissioners appointed by the US President. Its 3500 employees are organized into 5 divisions and 19 offices as well as 11 regional offices. Bearing part of the blame for the recent stock market crashes, the SEC is now in the process of upgrading its structure, functions, and key operations. Keywords: financial markets; stock markets; regulations; securities; government agencies
Comparison of chaotic biomagnetic field patterns recorded from the arrhythmic heart and stomach

We here investigate the time evolution of normal and arrythmic cardiac and gastric biomagnetic signals using simultaneous magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetogastrography (MGG). Noninvasive MCG/MGG recordings were acquired from ten anesthetized domestic pigs in the control (healthy) state. Thereafter, gastric arrhythmia was induced via surgical stomach division, which disrupted the natural periodicity of the gastric musculature activation cycle. After recording biomagnetic data in this state for one hour, cardiac arrythmia was induced in each anesthetized pig, which allowed us to compare cardiac and gastric arrhythmia within the framework of an intra-subject animal model. Signal analysis revealed that several features are shared by cardiac and gastric arrhythmias, particularly with respect to the chaos content of the magnetic signal from each organ before and after the onset of pathophysiology. Our findings indicate that chaos phenomena in the gut-which have been investigated only recently-may be similar to those in the heart, which are better understood.1
Performance evaluation of two GMPLS-based distributed control and management protocols for dynamic lightpath provisioning in future IP networks

This paper investigates and compares the performance of two generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS)-based distributed control and management protocols for dynamic lightpath provisioning in future IP networks. The first protocol is a global information-based link state approach that consists of both an integrated RWA (routing and wavelength assignment) algorithm and a signaling algorithm. Two triggering mechanisms for LSA (link state advertisement) update procedures are considered; one is a periodically-based update and the other is a threshold-based update. The second protocol is a local-information based fixed alternate link routing approach where the signaling protocol is closely integrated with the RWA protocols.
The birth of a community, the death of the win: Player production of the Middle-earth Collectible Card Game

Collectible card games (CCGs) are at the midpoint of the spectrum of game playing: half game, half story. An examination of a CCG based on Tolkien's Middle-earth illustrates the ways in which fans of the story have changed the game, especially in removing the focus on winning.
Alterations in RD INK4/ARF -Mediated En Bloc Regulation of the INK4-ARF Locus in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

The presence of RD(INK4/ARF) (RD) enhancer in the INK4-ARF locus provides a novel mechanism to simultaneously increase the transcription of p15(INK4b) (p15), p14ARF (p14), and p16(INK4a) (p16). While such upregulation can be repressed through interactions between RD and oncoproteins CDC6 and BMI1, little is known about the involvement of RD in cancer. In this study we investigated RD deletions in 30 squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and the patient-matched High At-Risk Mucosa specimens (HARM, "phenotypically normal" tissues neighboring SCCHN foci but beyond the surgical resection margin). RD was deleted (homozygously/heterozygously) in SCCHN and HARM at the incidence of 36.7% (11/30) and 13.3% (4/30), respectively. In comparison, no RD deletion was detected in 26 oral buccal brush biopsy specimens from healthy donors. Both p16 and p14 were lowly expressed in SCCHN and HARM, and their mRNA expression levels were positively associated with each other (P < 0.01). Moreover, BMI1 was highly expressed in both SCCHN and HARM, and BMI1 overexpression was associated with p16 downregulation in SCCHN (P < 0.05). These results indicate that RD deletion and BMI1 overexpression frequently occur in the early stage of oral carcinogenesis and BMI1 overexpression may downregulate the transcription of p16 and p14 through interfering with RD.
Massive Overdose of Cardizem CD

Long-acting diltiazem preparations are currently frequently prescribed, and the potential for serious morbidity and mortality with an overdose can be significant. We present a case of Cardizem CD o...
Temporal expression of growth factors and matrix molecules in healing tendon lesions.

Overuse tendon injuries are common among elite and recreational athletes. Tendon healing may be enhanced at the cellular level through the use of exogenous growth factors; however, little is known about the endogenous expression of growth factors in healing tendon. This study describes the temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen types I and III in healing tendon lesions. Collagenase-induced lesions were created in the tensile region of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of both forelimbs of 14 horses. Tendons were harvested from euthanatized horses 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24 weeks following injury. Gene expression was evaluated using Northern blot analysis (collagen types I and III), real time PCR (IGF-I and TGF-β1), and in situ hybridization. Protein content was assayed by dye-binding assay (collagen types I and III), radioimmunoassay (IGF-I), ELISA (TGF-β1), and immunohistochemistry. Samples were also processed for differential collagen typing, DNA and glycosaminoglycan content, and routine H&E staining. Microscopically, lesions progressed from an amorphous, acellular lesion soon after injury to scar tissue filled with collagen fibers and mature fibroblasts organized along lines of tension. Early lesions were characterized by immediate increases in expression of growth factors and collagen. Message levels for TGF-β1 peaked early in the wound healing process (1 week), while IGF-I peaked later (4 weeks), as the regenerative phase of healing was progressing. In the first 2 weeks after lesion induction, tissue levels of IGF-I protein actually decreased approximately 40% compared to normal tendon. By 4 weeks, these levels had exceeded those of normal tendon and remained elevated through 8 weeks. Message expression for collagen types I and III increased by 1 week following injury and remained elevated throughout the course of the study. Collagen type I represented the major type of collagen in healing tendon at all time points of the study. Based on these results, IGF-I, administered exogenously during the first 2 weeks following injury, may provide a therapeutic advantage by bolstering low endogenous tissue levels and enhancing the metabolic response of individual tendon fibroblasts.
Addressing security for object-oriented design and Ada 95 development

During the 1990s, we have seen an explosive growth in object-oriented design and development. Ada95 and its strong ties to DoD and government software, and Java with an increasing impact on commercial internet-based and general-purpose software, both expand the base of software professionals working on object-oriented platforms. Security is a paramount concern in both languages; in Ada 95 to manage access to government sensitive data, and in Java to control the effects of platform-independent software. Organizations will demand high constancy and high assurance in object-oriented software, across a wide range of domains. For example, health care systems need instant access to data in life-critical situations, while CAD applications must insure that the most up-to-date specifications on mechanical parts are available in a shared manner to promote cooperation and facilitate productivity. The successful Ada 95 Tool Chest for the Year 2000 must contain tools and techniques that support the definition, analyses, and enforcement of security for object-oriented software. This paper investigates security for object-oriented design with a focus on its realization in Ada 95.
On the Concept of Similiarity in the Theory of Isotropic Turbulence

Much recent work has been done in the study of isotropic turbulence, particularly from the point of view of its spectrum. But the underlying concept is still the assumption of the similarity of the spectrum during the process of decay, which is equivalent to the idea of self-preservation of the correlation functions introduced by the senior author. It is however generally recognized that the correlation function does change its shape during the process of decay, and hence the concept of self-preservation or similarity must be interpreted with suitable restrictions. Under the limitation to low Reynolds numbers of turbulence, the original idea of Karman-Howarth has been confirmed. Then the decay consists essentially of viscous dissipation of energy separately in each individual frequency interval. However, when turbulent diffusion of energy, i.e., transfer of energy between frequency intervals, occurs at a significant rate, the interpretation of the decay process and the spectral distribution is quite varied. This an be seen by a comparison of Heisenberg, Batchelor, Frenkiel, and the present authors. The purpose of the present paper is an attempt to clarify this situation.
Periodic cutaneous blood flow during aldehyde-provoked hyperemia

Forearm cutaneous blood flow was monitored continuously by laser Doppler velocimetry in 12 normal human subjects before and after a 5-min topical challenge with 5 M propionaldehyde. The aldehyde challenge routinely provoked an increase in cutaneous blood flow. During the recovery phase from peak stimulated blood flow to a lower, stable, resting level of flow, the cutaneous blood flow exhibited rhythmic oscillatory activity. Three stages of oscillatory vasomotion were defined to characterize changes: the first 5 min after onset (I), the 5-min span bracketing the temporal midpoint (II), and the final 5 min (III). The average period, wave height, and erythrocyte flux decreased during these three stages of oscillatory vasomotion. These changes and the temporal characteristics of onset and disappearance of oscillatory vasomotion suggest an origin of the oscillations in the slow wave activity of vascular smooth muscle.
Using student feedback and professor-developed multimedia to improve instructor presence and student learning

This paper explores the use of Professor-Developed Multimedia Content (PDMC) in online, distance education to build a community of inquiry (CoI) through enhanced social presence and real-time, student-driven, adaption of the learning content. The foundation of higher education has long been, developing curriculum to meet educational objectives. Most often faculty relies on assessment information gained at the end of each course. Then assessments, formative and summative, are re-designed based on student feedback/data from end of course surveys and educational materials such as textbooks, articles, and test banks are updated with newer editions. In the distance-learning environment, PDMC provides a creative, innovative, and interactive ways to engage the student for real-time learning. Still, the ability to target PDMC materials to the correct sub-sections of our classroom cohort can produce a richer, more immerse learning experience and perhaps become the closet recreation of in-seat, traditional classroom learning in a distance/online environment. By using PDMC with corresponding surveys, educators can obtain real-time data and metrics to alter content in the classroom immediately, and develop media content welcoming sub-sets of learners with desired content based on learning needs, desires, and feedback.
Purification and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis LcrV-cholera toxin A2/B chimeras

Abstract Yersinia pestis is a virulent human pathogen and potential biological weapon. Despite a long history of research on this organism, there is no licensed vaccine to protect against pneumonic forms of Y. pestis disease. In the present study, plasmids were constructed to express cholera toxin A 2 /B chimeric molecules containing the LcrV protective antigen from Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pestis . These chimeras were expressed and purified to high yields from the supernatant of transformed Escherichia coli . Western and GM 1 ELISA assays were used to characterize the composition, receptor-binding and relative stability of the LcrV–CTA 2 /B chimera in comparison to cholera toxin. In addition, we investigated the ability of the Y. pestis LcrV–CTA 2 /B chimera to bind to and internalize into cultured epithelial cells and macrophages by confocal microscopy. These studies indicate that the uptake and trafficking of the LcrV antigen from the chimera is comparable to the trafficking of native toxin. Together these findings report that stable, receptor-binding, non-toxic LcrV–cholera toxin A 2 /B chimeras can be expressed at high levels in E. coli and purified from the supernatant. In addition, the internalization of antigen in vitro reported here supports the development of these molecules as novel mucosal vaccine candidates.
Thyroid secretion in vitro: multiple actions of agents affecting secretion.

The in vitro secretion of 131I from prelabeled mouse thyroids was measured under conditions of TSH and cylic nucleotide stimulation as well as inhibition by a variety of agents. TSH, 3′,5′-cyclic AMP and dibutryl cyclic AMP all caused a dose dependent release of nonprotein 131I superimposed on a constant basal amount of 19S iodoprotein, confirming the usefulness of the Munro assay. Release of iodoprotein has been reduced to 2–6% of thyroidal 131I over a 6 hr period of incubation with good histologic preservation. Fluoride at concentrations above 3 HIM caused release of iodoprotein and blocked the response to both TSH and cyclic AMP. One mM theophylline potentiated TSH and cyclic AMP induced release but higher concentrations released iodoprotein and 10 mM theophylline blocked the physiological response to TSH. These multiple actions help explain discrepancies in previous experimental findings with fluoride and theophylline and suggest caution in their use. Chlorpromazine inhibited nonprotein 131I release b...
The Use of Lacanian Psychoanalysis in a Case of Fetishism

The work described in this article was based on the long-term treatment approach developed by Jacques Lacan, the French psychoanalyst (1901-1981). It provides a first formulation (after about 4 years) of an ongoing case, which has been conducted exclusively by telephone. The myriad significations of a particular fetish object are drawn out and tied to the participant's history, and evolution of the fetish during the course of the analysis is described.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY, PERFORMANCE, AND MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

Three broad a r m are identified as-essential elements in a curriculum for management of social welfare organizations: (a) formulating and implementing a strategy for an organization, and controlling an organization so that it achieves its strategic objectives; (b) the performance of an organization, including the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity; and (c) management technology, and the limitations of rigorous techniques. Strategy formulation involves an assessment of the external environment that affects an organization, the internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization, and the mission or fundamental goals and values of the organization. Strategy formulation and implementation is the never-ending process of adapting an organization to changing needs and changing capabilities.
Subsistence Fisheries Management on Federal Public Lands in Alaska

Abstract On 1 October 1999, the federal government assumed responsibility for subsistence fisheries management in inland navigable waters on federal public lands in Alaska, which comprise 60% of the state. Such responsibility in non-navigable waters on federal public lands was established in 1990. Often described as a “federal takeover” in the media, confusion continues as to authorities and jurisdictions in the resulting dual management system. Historical considerations leading up to federal management are briefly highlighted, and the current federal regulatory and management system is described. The federal program has contributed to the development of improved approaches for subsistence fisheries management in Alaska, and these developments should continue, regardless of how the legal and political aspects of the current situation are resolved.
Circularly permuted tRNAs as specific photoaffinity probes of ribonuclease P RNA structure

Regions of Escherichia coli ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA in proximity to a bound transfer RNA (tRNA) substrate were mapped by photoaffinity. A photoaffinity cross-linking reagent was introduced at specific sites in the interior of the native tRNA structure by modification of the 5' ends of circularly permuted tRNAs (cptRNAs). The polymerase chain reaction was used for the production of cptRNA templates. After the amplification of a segment of a tandemly duplicated tRNA gene, the cptRNA gene was transcribed in vitro to produce cptRNA. Modified cptRNAs were cross-linked to RNase P RNA, and the conjugation sites in RNase P RNA were determined by primer extension. These sites occur in phylogenetically conserved structures and sequences and identify regions of the ribozyme that form part of the tRNA binding site. The use of circularly permuted molecules to position specific modifications is applicable to the study of many inter- and intramolecular interactions.
Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation with Successive Cancellation in Uplink OFDMA Systems

Similar to OFDM systems, OFDMA systems also suffer from frequency mismatches between the receiver and the transmitter. However, the fact that each uplink user has a different frequency offset makes the compensation more challenging than that of OFDM systems. This paper proposes successive interference cancellation (SIC) for compensating the frequency offset in the uplink OFDMA systems. A decorrelator is used to remove the inter-carrier interference (ICI) within a user's signal and successive cancellation is applied to mitigate the multi access interference (MAI) arising due to the frequency difference among uplink users. The proposed algorithm is shown to eliminate the interference and has a manageable complexity.
Recent Progress in the Laboratory-Investigations of the aurora and light of the night sky

One of the most interesting aspects of both auroral and night-sky spectra is the part played by oxygen in the production of those spectra. I have often pointed out that the absence of nitric-oxide bands in these two spectra is a significant feature. It is with the role of oxygen in upper-atmosphere spectra that most of my work during the past year has dealt. The experimental method in these experiments was very simple. It was necessary first to prepare a discharge-tube containing pure nitrogen and showing a strong afterglow, the spectrum of which corresponded almost perfectly with that part of the auroral spectrum that is due to nitrogen. Certain improvements have been introduced in the preliminary treatment of these tubes, which lead to stronger afterglows than were previously obtained. These will be described elsewhere. The oxygen is generated in the tube itself by heating KMnO4. In these preliminary experiments no method was available for measuring the oxygen-concentration or the total pressure in the tube. This part of the experiment will be left for the future. It was felt that the discovery of the qualitative aspects of the interaction between oxygen and nitrogen was by far the most important problem. The initial pressure of nitrogen in the tube was about 10 mm. The tube cleaned up steadily, so that after several months of running the pressure had diminished to about 0.01 mm, and in time it would have gone down to a vacuum so low that no discharge could have been produced in the tube. This clean-up of N2 has been frequently observed in these “auroral” tubes.
Health needs of migrant children

An estimated 4 million persons in the United States are classified as migrant and seasonal farm workers (Slesinger and Ofstead 1996). Migrant farm workers follow the crops and move from place to place usually along predetermined routes. Seasonal farm workers on the other hand tend to live and work in one area. They work whenever farm work is available hence the term "seasonal." Both groups of farm laborers have incomes well below the poverty level. Most migrant farm workers are multigenerational that is their families have been farm workers for several generations and many have followed the same work stream for years (see Box 1). Although some of these persons have worked in the United States for many years they often are not U.S. citizens and may even be in the country illegally. Most families migrate from early spring until late fall and go one or more states (Schneider 1986). Farm workers usually are not covered by health insurance because most farm owners especially those who own smaller farms cannot afford to provide health insurance for their workers. For this reasons migrant farm workers tend to seek health care only when they believe it is necessary usually in acute situations. (excerpt)
A massively parallel memory-based story system for psychotherapy

Abstract We describe a memory-based system for psychotherapy, Dr. Bob, built to run on the data parallel processor Thinking Machines, Inc., CM-2a Connection Machine. The system retrieves, in parallel, stories of alcohol addiction and sexual abuse which can he used by psychiatrists in working with their patients as part of their work in recovering from addictive behavior and psychological trauma. The program is written in *LISP (pronounced Star LISP), a version of LISP used in programming Connection Machines.
Synthesis and characterization of amorphous partially aliphatic polyimide copolymers based on bisphenol-A dianhydride

Partially aliphatic, high molecular weight polyimide copolymers were successfully synthesized using an ester−acid high-temperature solution imidization route by which noncrystalline, soluble materials were obtained. Variations in the aliphatic content produced a series of polyimides having different glass transition temperatures and processing characteristics. The ester−acid reaction pathway eliminated the need for anhydrous solvents and overcame the problem of salt formation commonly observed for nucleophilic, more basic, aliphatic amines prepared by the traditional poly(amic acid) synthesis route. Partially aliphatic polyimides containing either a cycloaliphatic diamine or aliphatic diamines with 6 or 12 methylene units were synthesized. Each copolymer was characterized by its molecular weight, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, coefficient of thermal expansion, refractive index, and dielectric constant. Structure−property relationships were established. The γ and β sub-Tg viscoelastic rel...
Direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of grape ( Vitis spp.)

Adventitious shoots developed from in vitro-grown leaves of Vitis vinifera cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon, French Colombard, Grenache, Thompson Seedless (syn. Sultana) and White Riesling, V. rupestris cv. St. George (syn. du Lot) and V. vinifera × rupestris cv. Ganzin 1. Leaf explants less than 15 mm long were excised from nodal cultures and cultured on Murashige and Skoog or Nitsch and Nitsch-based regeneration media with 0, 1, 2 or 4 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Adventitious shoots developed within 4 weeks at the petiolar stub and occasionally from wounded lamina tissues. Shoot organogenesis occurred only on media containing BAP and at a higher frequency with 2 mgl-1 than with 1 or 4 mgl-1. On media containing 2 mgl-1 BAP, 47, 67, 60, and 42%, respectively, of leaf explants of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘French Colombard’, ‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘White Riesling’ produced adventitious shoots compared to 14, 14, and 29%, respectively, for ‘Grenache’, ‘St. George’, and ‘Ganzin 1’. Solid culture medium was superior to liquid medium and transfer frequency on solid medium did not affect the regeneration frequency. Further shoot growth was promoted by the transfer of regenerating tissues to fresh regeneration medium. More than 80% of explants initially producing adventitious buds exhibited further shoot growth, developing an average of more than 6 shoots each. Shoots rooted easily and the resulting plants appeared morphologically identical to parent vines.
Richard Nixon's methods of identification in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 1968: A contest analysis

(1971). Richard Nixon's methods of identification in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 1968: A contest analysis. Today's Speech: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 23-30.
Persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts with coxsackievirus

Infection of fibroblast cell lines initiated from BALB/c or NFR mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CBV-3) or B4 (CBV-4) resulted in infections which persisted for a limited number of subpassages of the infected cells in most cases, but for over a year in one case. In all instances primary acute infections were characterized by cytopathology and release of infectious virus progeny. Viral antigen could be detected during the acute phase of infection, but not in subcultured infected cells. Infectious center assays showed that every cell was infected during the acute phase of infection, but that from the first subcultivation on, the numbers of cells which were able to initiate infection were greatly reduced. The long term persistent CBV-3 infection was characterized by wide fluctuations in titers of virus released into the supernatant fluids. Interferon did not appear to play a role in maintenance of the persistent infection. Information derived from studies on mechanisms of CBV persistence in thein vitro model may help to elucidate the role of CBV in chronic human diseases such as myocarditis.
Ethanol tolerance in the rat measured by the untasted intake of alcohol

After forced drinking or gastric intubation of ethanol, rats were given two neutral solutions in alternate sessions, the ingestion of one being paired with intragastric ethanol. Control rats previously unexposed to ethanol avoided the ethanol-paired flavor. Two strains were compared.
Who Cares for Involuntary Clients

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to compare characteristics of outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) units that serve high proportions of involuntary clients (ICs) with those that serve a low percentage of such clients. The authors analyze unit-level 1995–2005 data from the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey (NDATSS). Approximately 1/6 of OSAT units draw the dominant majority of their clients from involuntary referrals. OSAT units that treat a high proportion of ICs are less likely to be accredited by professional organizations, have fewer treatment staff with advanced degrees, and have shorter average treatment duration than do OSAT units that serve few ICs. OSAT units that serve ICs are more likely to offer legal and domestic violence services but are less likely to offer mental health services or aftercare. OSAT units that serve ICs are less likely to be hospital-affiliated than are other units. Clients at such facilities are more likely to be convicted of driving while intoxic...
Pre-Wisconsinan glacial stratigraphy, chronology, and paleomagnetics of west-central Wisconsin

Detailed evaluation of pedogenic, geologic, and paleomagnetic properties has enabled the identification of several pre-Wisconsinan stratigraphic units in west-central Wisconsin. The older unit is the Pierce Formation, consisting of the Hersey Member, which contains gray, calcareous, loam-textured till, and the Kinnickinnic Member, which contains rhythmically bedded lacustrine sediments deposited in a complex network of proglacial lakes. Paleomagnetic and pedogenic data from the Pierce Formation suggest that the Hersey Member was deposited during either the Emperor reversed event or the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch and that deposition of the Kinnickinnic Member spanned either the Emperor-Brunhes or the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary ∼460,000 or 730,000 B.P., during Pre-Illinoian time. The younger, pre-Wisconsinan unit is the River Falls Formation, which contains a reddish-brown, sandy-clay-loam-textured till and associated sand and gravel. Soil-profile development and regional correlation indicate that this unit is Illinoian in age. These results contradict previously published studies which suggested that tills of the Hersey Member and the River Falls Formation were deposited by the same Wisconsinan ice advance and that no pre-Wisconsinan sediment is present in western Wisconsin.
Dynamics of Bio-Inspired Pressure Generation

The capability of plant cells to establish osmotic gradients allows them to actuate structures such as guard cells and the pulvini responsible for the swift nastic motion of mimosa pudica. The work presented here investigated the dynamics of osmotically-driven pressure generation in membrane-bound compartments, taking into account volume expansion, solute dilution, surface area to volume ratio, membrane hydraulic permeability, and changes in osmotic gradient and bulk modulus. We developed and experimentally validated a numerical simulation tool for characterizing and predicting the dynamics of pressure generators as a function of parameters that will be encountered in most systems that generate pressure osmotically. Finally, we demonstrate two applications of an osmosis-based pressure generator: actuation of a soft robot and continuous volume delivery over long periods of time.
Controlling for sugar and ascorbic acid, a mixture of flavonoids matching navel oranges significantly increases human postprandial serum antioxidant capacity

Fruit and vegetable consumption reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease development. The postprandial state is an important contributor to chronic disease development. Orange flavonoids may reduce postprandial oxidation. It was hypothesized that a mixture of orange flavonoids would reduce postprandial oxidation better than a single orange flavonoid or orange sugar and ascorbic acid, but not as well as orange juice, when consumed with a typical breakfast. A placebo-controlled crossover trial (16 male and female participants, 4 treatments, 4 visits) was carried out. Treatments were placebo (ascorbic acid and sugar equivalent to orange juice); placebo plus hesperidin; placebo plus hesperidin, luteolin, and naringenin (mixture; found to have synergistic antioxidant properties in vitro in previous work); and orange juice (positive control). Serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total plasma phenolics (TP), and serum lipoprotein oxidation (LO) were measured after a 12-hour baseline fast and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after sample consumption. The placebo plus mixture and orange juice groups were significantly increased in ORAC and LO lag time. Data for TP were inconsistent with ORAC and LO. Contrary to previous studies attributing the protective postprandial effect to fructose and ascorbate in other fruit trials, orange phenolic compounds contribute directly to the postprandial oxidative protection of serum, despite an inconsistent change in serum TP.
A time-staggered partitioned coupling algorithm for transient heat conduction

We present a time-staggered partitioned coupling algorithm for transient heat conduction finite element simulations. This algorithm divides a large structural mesh into a number of smaller subdomains, solves the individual subdomains separately and couples the solutions to obtain the response to the original problem. The proposed algorithm is a mixed multi-timestep algorithm and enables arbitrary time integration schemes and meshes to be coupled with different timesteps in the various subdomains. In this procedure, the solution of each partition is separately evaluated over a system timestep after which the interfacial conditions are enforced making this a staggered algorithm that facilitates parallel computation. We present examples showing the feasibility of the coupling algorithm and discuss the merits in terms of convergence and stability.
Physiological Studies on the Cytopharyngeal Pouch, a Prey Receptacle in the Carnivorous Macrostomal Form of Tetrahymena vorax1

ABSTRACT. Various ions and treatments known to alter the availability of free Ca2+ were examined with respect to their effects on the cytopharyngeal pouch, a large prey receptacle found in the potentially carnivorous macrostomal form of Tetrahymena vorax. Addition of Ca2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+ induced the pouch to separate from the region of the cytostome, forming a large empty vacuole. Na+, alone, had no effect, but lowered the concentration of Ca2+ required to produce maximum vacuolar formation in populations of cells. Vacuolar induction was also initiated by the cation ionophore A23187 or by subjecting macrostomal cells to an electric current. In the presence of divalent cation chelators EDTA and EGTA, the cytopharyngeal pouch collapsed and was resorbed. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca2+ plays an important role during phagocytosis in this cell type.
Expression of AML/Runx and ETO/MTG family members during hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Runx1/AML1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis, including the commitment of cells to hematopoiesis during embryonic development, and in the maintenance of hematopoietic cell populations. It is also one of the most common genes involved in chromosomal translocations related to leukemia. One such translocation is t(8;21), which fuses the Runx1 gene to the MTG8/ETO gene and generates the Runx1-MTG8 (AML1-ETO) fusion gene. Both Runx1 and MTG8 have two additional family members that are much less studied in hematopoiesis. Here we report the expression of every member of the Runx and MTG families as well as the Runx heterodimerization partner CBFβ during hematopoietic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. We observed substantially increased expression of Runx1, Runx2, and MTG16 during hematopoietic differentiation. Furthermore, the increase in Runx2 expression is delayed relative to Runx1 expression, suggesting their possible sequential contribution to hematopoiesis.