cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a liver transplant recipient with autoimmune disease and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Clinical trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) largely excluded solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), as immunostimulation by these drugs may subvert host tolerance to the transplanted tissue, potentially leading to allograft rejection.1 Consequently, data concerning the safety and efficacy of ICIs in these patients remain limited. ICI trials also routinely excluded patients with preexisting autoimmune disease given the concern for possible disease exacerbations, resulting in similarly limited data in this population.2 We report a unique case of a SOTR with ulcerative colitis (UC) and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who was successfully treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 ICI therapy, initially with nivolumab, then with cemiplimab, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for advanced cutaneous SCC.3
Nádleeh and the River

In a late scene in Sidney Freeland’s 2015 film Drunktown’s Finest, the family elder Harmon John (Richard Ray Whitman) sits down with his adult transgender grandchild Felixia (Carmen Moore) to tell her a Navajo story. “A long time ago,” he begins, all the Navajos lived alongside the river. But the men and the women didn’t get along, so the men took the nadleeh (which a subtitle translates as “third gender”) and moved to the other side, leaving the women and children. But soon enough the men realized they missed the women and their children, so they sent the nadleeh back across the river to check on the women, who, it turns out, were missing the men. “Both sides needed each other . . . and they both needed the nadleeh. And to this day we carry this lesson, this balance.” The scene in Freeman’s film, though it comes late, suggests an important theme running throughout, that of the fundamental and inherent place of the Nadleeh in Navajo life and culture. The essay argues that Freeland makes erotics a way to understand the “dynamics of indigeneity.” Freeland can be said to “foreground interdependence and vulnerability as positive principles of peoplehood" (Rifkin 35). Viewing the film in the contexts of gender fluidity and structures of kinship helps clarify the interrelatedness of all three of the (only) apparently disparate plots as it at the same time helps the viewer to rethink (colonial culture’s) rigid gender boundaries.
Intrafamilial Characteristics Are Important Predictors of Children's Diets in New Mexico's Border Colonias.

IntroductionWe assessed selected nutritional indicators in Mexican-origin children in two low-income, rural colonias in New Mexico on the U.S.–Mexico border. These children are at higher risk for o...
Display and Analysis of Planar Equilibrium Angiocardiography

The display and nomenclature of nuclear cardiology images has been standardized. The analysis of nuclear cardiology images should follow a systematic approach and sequence as outlined in the Imaging Guidelines for Nuclear Cardiology Procedures, Part 2 (1) (on line: http://www.asnc.org; menu: library and resources: guidelines and standards).
Fatigue Maps for Titanium Matrix Composites

The present article attempts to bring together many of the observations and measurements pertaining to fatigue cracking and fracture of unidirectional titanium matrix composites at ambient temperature into a fatigue fracture map. The map identifies the regimes in which various mechanisms operate, allowing fatigue life predictions to be made. The map is constructed using micromechanical models that incorporate crack bridging. The article also demonstrates the utility of the models in describing the experimental data for one specific composite system.
Stigma, Prestige and the Cultural Context of Debt: A Critical Analysis of the Bankruptcy Judge’s Non-Article III Status

The decision by Congress to maintain and establish the U.S. Bankruptcy Court as a non-Article III tribunal is an arbitrary decision manifesting the legal field’s professional hierarchy. This hierarchy reserves the coveted federal judicial power “to say what the law is” for Article III judges and assigns bankruptcy judges as an adjunct to the district court. Socio-cultural theory reveals this legal field decision results from bias and prejudice against bankruptcy law and legal practitioners, due to social stigma emanating from Puritanical notions of debt as sin. Collectively-held cultural beliefs about the nature of financial failure and the debtor permeate the legal field and influence the perceptions of legal actors. These perceptions paired with the history of bankruptcy practice diminish the status and power of the Bankruptcy Court.
The identification of two antagonistic activities in a Xenopus oocyte extract that can modulate the in vitro transcription of RNA polymerase III genes

In this communication we identify and initially characterize two antagonistic activities in a Xenopus oocyte extract that can modulate the in vitro transcription of RNA polymerase III (pol III) genes (5 S RNA and tRNA genes). It was found that preincubation of an inhibitory factor, referred to here as fraction I, with fractions containing TFIIIB and TFIIIC/pol III leads to the loss of a reaction's ability to support transcription. This inactivation process, which required ATP or adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (but could not use ADP), occurred only in the absence of a 5 S RNA or tRNA gene containing plasmid. Under conditions in which transcription was lost, a loss in TFIIIC's ability to specifically bind to the tRNA gene was also observed. An activity found in the "A" fraction, which was first recognized for its ability to stimulate transcription, was found to inhibit and actually reverse the observed inactivation of transcription. This activity, referred to here as fraction A2, accomplished this reactivation regardless of whether the gene was present or not, but only when a hydrolyzable form of ATP was used in the inactivation process. Transcription in an inactivated reaction could also be restored by addition of fresh transcription factors. The data presented in this paper are consistent with a model in which fraction I and fraction A2 modulate transcription through the activation and inactivation of one or more positive transcription factors.
Routing in ad hoc networks - a wireless perspective

Traditionally, the routing problem is addressed at the network layer, an approach that has been extended to the wireless realm. In wireless multihop networks, however, strict layer-base protocol design leads to substantial inefficiencies. This paper addresses the routing problem for large wireless ad hoc networks from a fundamental point of view, not constrained by particular protocol implementations or layered architectures, but taking into account the properties of the wireless channel. First, an analytical channel model is presented that is based on Rayleigh fading. It demonstrates how noise and interference effects can be separated, and how each interfering transmission affects the packet reception probability. Second, the distribution of node distances in networks with uniformly randomly placed nodes is derived. These two ingredients are used to discuss the benefits of different routing strategies. In particular, short-hop and long-hop routing schemes are compared. Further, cooperative strategies such as multipath routing and cooperative diversity are briefly discussed as techniques that are enabled by the broadcast nature of the wireless channel.
Smoking Cessation Practices of Rural and Urban Health Care Providers

The purpose of this descriptive research was to identify the similarities and differences of demographic characteristics, specific intervention practices, perceived barriers, and enhancement factors associated with smoking cessation interventions of rural and urban primary health care providers. A convenience sample consisted of 342 physicians, registered nurses, and advanced practice nurses with the majority of urban health care providers being younger aged physicians and advanced practice nurses compared to older, registered nurses in rural areas. Findings revealed minimal basic educational preparation of health care providers for smoking cessation interventions. Rural health care providers reported diverse, multiple practice settings with a generalist view, estimated that more of their clients smoked, and were less likely to assess clients’ smoking practices and initiate smoking interventions. Consistent, strong curricula education at all health provider levels and continuing education for new and more effective strategies is essential to empower health care providers to address smoking cessation interventions consistently and effectively. Keywords: Smoking Cessation, Enhancement Factors, Barriers, Interventions, Rural Health Care Providers, Urban Health Care Providers
MODELING THE 2008 ULTRASONIC BENCHMARK PROBLEMS

Two studies were part of the 2008 QNDE ultrasonic benchmark session. The first study considered the effects of the curvature of a fluid‐solid interface on the pulse‐echo immersion response of a flat‐bottom hole. This was a re‐examination of a problem considered in the 2007 benchmark but with a well‐characterized transducer and a different set of testing conditions. The second study considered the response of a series of side‐drilled holes at different depths. Here we will summarize the results obtained at the Center for NDE (CNDE), Iowa State University, for these two benchmark problems.
Modeling of 3-D Corotating Cosmic-Ray Structures in the Heliosphere

We present a brief review of the modeling of corotating 3-dimensional features in heliospheric cosmic rays. The model heliosphere incorporates a wavy current sheet and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs). We find that present models can qualitatively account for the observed extension of recurrent 26-day cosmic-ray variations to high heliospheric latitudes if perpendicular diffusion is significant. The recurrent enhancement of low-energy (MeV) particles accelerated at CIR-s is also shown to fit into this same picture.
Small sample inference for gamma parameters: one‐sample and two‐sample problems

Signed-likelihood ratio tests (SLRTs) are derived for testing the shape and scale parameters and the mean of a gamma distribution. The properties of the proposed tests are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the other tests available in the literature. SLRTs are also developed for two-sample problems of comparing two shape parameters, two scale parameters and two means, and their merits are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Evaluation studies indicate that the SLRTs are accurate even for small samples and are comparable with or better than other tests. Furthermore, simple parametric bootstrap (PB) methods based on the maximum likelihood estimates are proposed for interval estimation. The PB confidence intervals are satisfactory even for small samples. The methods are illustrated and compared using two examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief history of vector Doppler

Since the development of the directional Doppler by McLeod in 1967, methods of acquiring, analyzing, and displaying blood velocity information have been under constant exploration. These efforts are motivated by a variety of interest and objectives including, to: a) simplify clinical examination, examiner training, and study interpretation, b) provide more hemodynamic information, and c) reduce examination variability and improve accuracy. The vector Doppler technique has been proposed as one potential avenue to achieve these objects. Vector Doppler systems are those that determine the true 2D or 3D blood flow velocity by combining multiple independent velocity component measurements. Most instruments can be divided into two broad categories: 1) cross-beam and 2) time-domain. This paper provides a brief synopsis of the progression of vector Doppler techniques, from its onset in 1970 to present, as well as possible avenues for future work. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all vector Doppler systems.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaporation rates and vapor pressures of the even-numbered C8-C18 monocarboxylic acids.

Temperature-dependent vapor pressures of the even-numbered alkanoic monoacids from C8−C18 were measured using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). In TPD, the evaporation rates from the samples are directly measured and the vapor pressures are subsequently determined from the Hertz−Knudsen equation. Our measurements indicate that the vapor pressures of the solid even-numbered alkanoic acids decrease monotonically with increasing carbon number by more than 6 orders of magnitude going from C8 to C18. The enthalpies of sublimation increase monotonically with carbon number, from ∼110 to 205 kJ/mol. The liquid-phase vapor pressure was measured for oleic acid, a C18 alkenoic acid. Comparison to the estimated liquid-phase vapor pressure for the corresponding C18 alkanoic acid indicates that the liquid-phase vapor pressures of these two compounds are identical. Our measured solid-phase vapor pressures for the C14 and larger alkanoic acids are lower than in previous studies. We attribute these differences to t...
Ammoniacal silver staining of normal and inflamed rat synovial membrane.

An ammoniacal silver technique was used to detect changes in histone profiles in normal rats and rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Under these conditions histone staining reactions change at times when synovial cells are becoming more metabolically active.
Stable isotopic and trace element evidence for restricted fluid migration in 2 GPa eclogites

Mineral stable isotopic and trace element studies in 2 GPa banded eclogites of the Tauern Window, eastern Alps, record mm- to cm-scale heterogeneities that reflect compositional variations in the accompanying metamorphic fluids. A close correlation between dolomite mode and dolomite δ18O is consistent with equilibrium partitioning among coexisting minerals and fluids. Small variations in dolomite δ13C values correspond with δ18O variations, but an overall decrease in dolomite δ13C by c. 1%o across a 12-cm sample is a relict feature that pre-dates eclogite equilibration. Garnet, omphacite, and clinozoisite rims show little systematic mineral-mineral partitioning behaviour for Ti, V, Cr, Y, Sr, or Zr; major elements, however, are well equilibrated among these same minerals. Despite the apparent lack of mineral-mineral trace element equilibration, most of the trace elements vary systematically with water activity calculated in each layer. Trace element behaviour during the eclogite metamorphism thus appears to have been controlled largely by mineral-fluid interactions along grain boundaries. Shallow structural levels in other subduction complexes (c. 10-45 km) typically exhibit fracture-controlled permeability and extensive metasomatism, but there is no field or geochemical evidence for extensive fluid advection during high-pressure metamorphism in the Tauern eclogites. Because most dewatering and devolatilization during tectonic burial occurs prior to eclogite conditions, the volumetric fluid/rock ratio in eclogites should generally be low. Low fluid/rock ratios, coupled with the possible non-wetting nature of the fluids, permits the production and preservation of fine-scale chemical heterogeneities in deeply subducted eclogites and associated fluids. However, the eventual breakdown at greater depth of volatile-bearing dolomite, phengite, clinozoisite, zoisite, or amphibole could lead to renewed fracture-controlled fluid release from the subducted rocks to regions appropriate for arc magma generation.
Water mediated ligand functional group cooperativity: the contribution of a methyl group to binding affinity is enhanced by a COO(-) group through changes in the structure and thermodynamics of the hydration waters of ligand-thermolysin complexes.

Ligand functional groups can modulate the contributions of one another to the ligand–protein binding thermodynamics, producing either positive or negative cooperativity. Data presented for four thermolysin phosphonamidate inhibitors demonstrate that the differential binding free energy and enthalpy caused by replacement of a H with a Me group, which binds in the well-hydrated S2′ pocket, are more favorable in presence of a ligand carboxylate. The differential entropy is however less favorable. Dissection of these differential thermodynamic parameters, X-ray crystallography, and density-functional theory calculations suggest that these cooperativities are caused by variations in the thermodynamics of the complex hydration shell changes accompanying the H→Me replacement. Specifically, the COO– reduces both the enthalpic penalty and the entropic advantage of displacing water molecules from the S2′ pocket and causes a subsequent acquisition of a more enthalpically, less entropically, favorable water network. ...
Changes in rat lung structure and composition as a result of subchronic exposure to acrolein

Groups of Fischer-344 rats were exposed to either filtered air, 0.4, 1.4, or 4.0 ppm acrolein for 62 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Mortality was observed only in the 4.0 ppm chamber, where 32 of 57 male rats died, but none of the 8 exposed females died. The lungs of the 4.0 ppm group were heavier than those of the larger control animals. Relative to controls, there was a 20% increase in total dry lung weight while the percent dry weight decreased 1.5% in the high dose group. This increased dry weight and the absence of significant changes in the DNA and protein content per unit dry weight indicated that the greater lung weight observed in this group was in part due to increased cellularity. Lung connective tissue content was increased as a result of subchronic acrolein exposure. The amount of elastin per unit dry weight was 173% of control values in the animals exposed to 4.0 ppm acrolein. Collagen levels were elevated in both the 1.4 and 4.0 ppm groups, 113 and 137%, respectively, of control values. Histologically, the 4.0 ppm animals demonstrated bronchiolar epithelial necrosis and sloughing, bronchiolar edema with macrophages, and focal pulmonary edema. Exposure related lesions were observed in only 3 of the 31 rats examined from the 1.4 ppm chamber and in none of the animals exposed to 0.4 ppm acrolein.
Seasonal variations in the lipid composition of the steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, associated with the parr-smolt transformation

Total lipid and lipid class composition of selected tissues and serum were determined for juvenile steelhead trout Salmo gairdneri, during the smolting period between 25 January and 19 April 1982. The total lipid content of the serum, liver, light muscle and dark muscle was significantly depleted during smolt transformation. Mesenteric fat total lipid concentration fluctuated little over the sampling period. Phospholipids of muscle and mesenteric fat exhibited little seasonality. Cholesterol was significantly depleted from dark muscle and liver. Large stores of triacylglycerol (TGL) in the parrs' mesenteric fat, dark muscle and liver implicate these tissues as lipid depot organs. In those tissues depleted of lipid, TGL concentrations were reduced more than any other lipid class. This supports the hypothesis that increased catabolism is the cause of loss of body fat during salmonid smolt transformation.
Development of the Graphic Social Network Measure

ABSTRACT The Graphic Social Network Measure (GSNM) adds a new dimension to measuring egocentric networks by utilizing a computer to transform a person's subjective impressions of his or her regular relationships into a graphic display of the structure. A twenty-three question multidimensional instrument measures three social network dimensions: relationship depth, conflict, and perceived contact. Convergent validity, divergent validity, and reliability of the GSNM was evaluated. The sample of 129 adults included fifty-six individuals from a psychiatric clinic, fifty college housing employees, and twenty-three graduate students. Results supported the validity and reliability of the GSNM for further use in research, assessment, and network intervention planning.
Microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in rats given α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-α-phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol for periods of 14 days to 2 years

The dose-response relationships for stimulation of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were studied in rats given α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-α-phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol (EL-273) in the diet for periods of 2 weeks-2 years. The dietary concentrations ranged from 20 to 5000 ppm. p-Nitroanisole metabolism was not affected by EL-273 concentrations of 80 ppm or less. With dietary concentrations of 160–1250 ppm the rate of metabolism increased in proportion to the log of the dose. Concentrations greater than 1250 ppm produced no additional increase. Above a threshold of 80 ppm, EL-273 increased relative liver weight and microsomal protein. The effects of EL-273 on the liver at 2 weeks were reversible within 2 weeks on control diet. In chronic tests the increases in relative liver weight and p-nitroanisole metabolism reached maxima after 2 weeks of EL-273 administration and remained relatively constant throughout the remainder of the 2-year test.
Coupling between the translational and rotational brownian motions of rigid particles of arbitrary shape I. Helicoidally isotropic particles

Abstract It is demonstrated that coupling exists between the translational and rotational Brownian movements of rigid macroscopic particles possessing screwlike geometric properties. The theory is developed for the case of helicoidally isotropic particles, these being the class of bodies for which the theory adopts its most elementary form. In addition to the classical translational and rotational diffusion coefficients characterizing the intensity of the Brownian motion, it is shown that there exists yet a third independent pseudoscalar diffusivity, which quantitatively describes the degree of coupling. The cross-effect associated with this coupling coefficient manifests itself by the appearance of cross-terms in the expressions for the components of the diffusion flux vector in a six-dimensional “configuration” space when projected onto its respective three-dimensional physical and orientation subspaces.
Color Preference of the Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans, on Beef Cattle

Two methods were employed to investigate animal color Preference by the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). One method consisted of periodically counting the number of flies on 5 red, 5 white, and 5 black heifers confined in an isolated pasture. The second method consisted of dyeing black one side of 5 white animals and periodically counting the number of horn flies on each side. In both tests more horn flies were found on the dark colors than were found on the white.
Dynamic or inert metabolism? Turnover of N‐acetyl aspartate and glutathione from d‐[1‐13C]glucose in the rat brain in vivo

The rate of (13)C-label incorporation into both aspartyl (NAA C3) and acetyl (NAA C6) groups of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was simultaneously measured in the rat brain in vivo for up to 19 h of [1-(13)C]glucose infusion (n = 8). Label incorporation was detected in NAA C6 approximately 1.5 h earlier than in NAA C3 because of the delayed labeling of the precursor of NAA C3, aspartate, compared to that of NAA C6, glucose. The time courses of NAA were fitted using a mathematical model assuming synthesis of NAA in one kinetic compartment with the respective precursor pools of aspartate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The turnover rates of NAA C6 and C3 were 0.7 +/- 0.1 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 micromol/(g h) with the time constants 14 +/- 2 and 13 +/- 2 h, respectively, with an estimated pool size of 8 micromol/g. The results suggest that complete label turnover of NAA from glucose occurs in approximately 70 h. Several hours after starting the glucose infusion, label incorporation into glutathione (GSH) was also detected. The turnover rate of GSH was 0.06 +/- 0.02 micromol/(g h) with a time constant of 13 +/- 2 h. The estimated pool size of GSH was 0.8 micromol/g, comparable to the cortical glutathione concentration. We conclude that NAA and GSH are completely turned over and that the metabolism is extremely slow (< 0.05% of the glucose metabolic rate).
Distance-Guided Hybrid Verification with GUIDO

Summary form only given. Constrained random simulation is a widespread technique used to perform functional verification of complex digital designs, because it can generate simulation vectors at a very high rate. However, the generation of high-coverage tests remains a major challenge even in light of this high performance. On the other hand, formal verification solutions can deliver very high confidence in the correctness of a design, but they are very limited in the complexity of the designs that they can tackle. In this talk we present Guido, a novel hybrid solution to boost the coverage achieved during functional verification by closely integrating simulation-based and formal techniques. Guido exploits formal verification to effectively guide a logic simulation towards a verification or coverage goal of interest. Guido provides significant value to a verification engineer because 1) it guides the simulation by means of a distance function derived from the circuit structure, and 2) it has a trace sequence controller which monitors and controls the direction of the simulation by striking a balance between random chance and controlled hill-climbing. Finally, we present experimental results indicating that Guido can tackle the verification of complex designs, including a picoJava microprocessor, and reach a verification goal in far fewer simulation cycles than constrained random simulation
De novo fatty acid synthesis by freshly isolated alveolar type II epithelial cells.

Abstract Fatty acid synthesis was studied in freshly isolated type II pneuniocytes from rabbits by 3 H 2 O and (U- 14 C)-labeled glucose, lactate and pyruvate incorporation and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The rate of lactate incorporation into fatty acids was 3-fold greater than glucose incorporation; lactate incorporation into the glycerol portion of lipids was very low but glucose incorporation into this fraction was approximately equal to incorporation into fatty acids. The highest rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis ( 3 H 2 O incorporation) required both glucose and lactate. Under these circumstances lactate provided 81.5% of the acetyl units while glucose provided 5.6%. Incubations with glucose plus pyruvate had a significantly lower rate of fatty acid synthesis than glucose plus lactate. The availability of exogenous palmitate decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis by 80% in the isolated cells. In a cell-free supernatant, acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was almost completely inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA; citrate blunted this inhibition. These data indicate that the type II pneumocyte is capable of a high rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis and that lactate is a preferred source of acetyl units. The type II pneumocyte can rapidly decrease the rate of fatty acid synthesis, probably by allosteric inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, if exogenous fatty acids are available.
A Chimeric Chromosome in the Ciliate Oxytricha Resulting from Duplication

In a process similar to exon splicing, ciliates use DNA splicing to produce a new somatic macronuclear genome from their germline micronuclear genome after sexual reproduction. This extra layer of DNA rearrangement permits novel mechanisms to create genetic complexity during both evolution and development. Here we describe a chimeric macronuclear chromosome in Oxytricha trifallax constructed from two smaller macronuclear chromosomes. To determine how the chimera was generated, we cloned and sequenced the corresponding germline loci. The chimera derives from a novel locus in the micronucleus that arose by partial duplication of the loci for the two smaller chromosomes. This suggests that an exon shuffling-like process, which we call MDS shuffling, enables ciliates to generate novel genetic material and gene products using different combinations of genomic DNA segments.
A unidirectional subwavelength focusing near-field plate

Near-field plates consist of non-periodically patterned surfaces that can overcome the diffraction limit and confine electromagnetic fields to subwavelength dimensions. Previous near-field plates experimentally demonstrated extreme field tailoring capabilities. However, their performance suffered from radiation/reflection in undesired directions, those other than the subwavelength focus. This issue can limit the practical use of near-field plates. In this paper, we address this issue by designing a unidirectional near-field plate that can form a subwavelength focal pattern, while suppressing the field radiated/reflected in other directions. The design and operation of the proposed unidirectional near-field plate are verified through full-wave simulation. The unidirectional near-field plate may find application in high resolution imaging and probing, high density data storage, and wireless power transfer systems. As an example, its utility as a high resolution probe is demonstrated through full-wave electromagnetic simulation.
Procedural Learning in Adolescents With and Without Specific Language Impairment

Deficits in procedural learning have been hypothesized to contribute to the language and in particular grammatical difficulties of individuals with specific language impairment (SLI). This study tested this hypothesis by examining serial reaction time (SRT) learning in adolescents with and without SLI. The SRT task involved blocks of random sequences and pattern sequences. Response times for correct trials showed that responses for both groups improved in the trial blocks containing the pattern sequence. Adolescents with SLI showed slower learning rates during the pattern learning in comparison to the controls. When the language impairment was defined in terms of grammar impairments similar slower learning rates were found, but when language impairment was based on vocabulary group differences were not found. The results suggest that deficits in procedural learning system may account for some of the individual differences in language and grammar learning as well as problems of individuals with SLI.
THE SUPERCONDUCTING PADDLEWHEEL AS AN INTEGRATED PROPULSION LEVITATION MACHINE FOR HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION

ABSTRACT The rotary superconducting motor, RSM, is shown to provide economical propulsion as well as levitation on a thinner aluminum track than “conventional” repulsion magnetic suspension. With the RSM, thrust and braking are provided by controlling the relative speed of rotation of the motor essentially independent of lift at all forward speeds. Using thin-plate theory, the lift and drag forces on the rotary superconducting motor are evaluated as a function of the forward speed of the vehicle as well as the relative speed of rotation of the motor. Although significant power is dissipated in the track through eddy current losses, evaluation of the energy consumption of the RSM over a route profile of 750 km with 5 intermediate stops shows this propulsion levitation system to have an energy consumption of 0.76 MJ/seat-km - significantly lower than other means of propelling and levitating high speed ground transportation.
Combined sigB allelic typing and multiplex PCR provide improved discriminatory power and reliability for Listeria monocytogenes molecular serotyping.

Abstract Conventional serotyping has traditionally been used to subtype Listeria monocytogenes , but has several limitations, including low discriminatory power and poor reproducibility. Molecular serotyping methods have been developed for L. monocytogenes , but generally show limited discriminatory power and high misclassification rates. We selected 157 Listeria isolates to evaluate a combination of a previously described multiplex PCR assay and sigB allelic typing as an alternative molecular serotyping and subtyping strategy for L. monocytogenes . While the multiplex PCR assay differentiated five L. monocytogenes subtypes (Simpson's Index of Discrimination [SID] = 0.78), including classification of the most common disease-associated serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and lineage I 4b) into four distinct groups, it misclassified 3.8% of the isolates studied here. sigB allelic typing differentiated 29 subtypes (SID = 0.87) and also allowed identification of lineage III L. monocytogenes , which could not be differentiated from the other Listeria spp. by the multiplex PCR assay. sigB allelic typing failed to differentiate serotype 1/2c and 1/2a isolates and one sigB allelic type included serotype 4b and 1/2b isolates. A molecular serotyping approach that combines multiplex PCR and sigB sequence data showed increased discriminatory power (SID = 0.91) over either method alone as well as conventional serotyping (SID = 0.87) and classifies the four major serotypes (i.e., 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b) into unique subgroups with a lower misclassification rate as compared to the multiplex PCR assay. This combined approach also differentiates lineage I serotype 4b isolates from the genetically distinct serotype 4b isolates classified into lineage III.
Contemporary Management of Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension: Is There a Role for Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Objective Intracranial hypertension (ICH) remains the single most difficult therapeutic challenge for the acute management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We reviewed the published trials of therapeutic moderate hypothermia to determine its effect on ICH and compared its efficacy to other commonly used therapies for ICH.
Relation of heart rate control to heartbeat perception

The relation of heartbeat perception to voluntary control of heart rate (HR) and to learning of enhanced HR control during feedback was studied in three experiments. In Experiment I heartbeat perception was unrelated to voluntary control of HR but was negatively correlated with HR learning. Experiments II and III showed that heartbeat perception was unrelated to either initial voluntary control or learning and suggested that sampling error accounted for the negative correlation in Experiment I. Experiment I also demonstrated that learned increases in HR are retained for at least 10 weeks following feedback training. Autonomic Perception Questionnaire scores were not predictive of voluntary HR control or learning.
Aggressively feminine: the linguistic appropriation of sexualized blackness by white female characters in film

This article builds on previous research on white male cross-racial linguistic appropriations of blackness by considering similar appropriations by white female characters in film. Specifically, it examines how such characters use semiotic resources of hip-hop, particularly its language and music, to perform an aggressive femininity that is simultaneously raced, classed, sexualized and gendered. While these performances are racially complex because they push against the boundaries of US racial categories, they also erase the distinctions between black, Latino, gang and hip-hop cultures. Furthermore, in using hypersexualized blackness to construct a white female hip-hop and/or gangster identity, black females become invisible in these films. The study demonstrates that the mediatized representation of white hip-hop relies on problematic ideologies of both race and gender
Value of social media in reaching and engaging employers in Total Worker Health.

Objective: To describe the initial use of social media by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Total Worker Health™ (TWH) Program and the University of Iowa Healthier Workforce Center for Excellence (HWCE) Outreach Program. Methods: Social media analytics tools and process evaluation methods were used to derive initial insights on the social media strategies used by the NIOSH and the HWCE. Results: The on-line community size for the NIOSH TWH Program indicated 100% growth in 6 months; however, social media platforms have been slow to gain participation among employers. Conclusion: The NIOSH TWH Program and the HWCE Outreach Program have found social media tools as an effective way to expand reach, foster engagement, and gain understanding of audience interests around TWH concepts. More needs to be known about how to best use social media to reach and engage target audiences on issues relevant to TWH.
Heterogeneous defects of platelet secretion and responses to weak agonists in patients with bleeding disorders.

Eleven patients with mild bleeding disorders had as a common abnormality, impaired platelet aggregation and secretion with low concentrations (0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml) of collagen and, in most cases, an absence of second phase aggregation with epinephrine. Platelet granule contents were normal, ruling out storage pool deficiency. To characterize further the platelet abnormalities, we measured aggregation, 14C-5HT secretion, and TxB2 formation induced by a variety of platelet agonists. In eight of the 11 patients we observed decreased initial rates as well as extents of aggregation with one or more weak agonists (ADP, epinephrine, thromboxane A2 and the endoperoxide analogue U44069), i.e. agonists which induced secretion only as a result of aggregation, but normal responses to strong agonists such as arachidonate and high (10 micrograms/ml) concentrations of collagen, which can induce secretion in the presence or absence of aggregation. In all of these patients, TxB2 formation with arachidonate and all concentrations of collagen was normal. The platelet defects in these eight patients have been designated as weak agonist response defects (WARDs). In contrast, the initial aggregation responses to all weak agonists were normal in the three other patients, while secretion and TxB2 formation induced by strong agonists were impaired. Thus, in contrast to the eight patients above, the platelet defects in these three patients were characteristic of defects in the secretion response per se. The results obtained in the 11 patients studied indicate that these types of platelet disorders, previously referred to as primary secretion defects, include defects in the initial platelet responses which precede secretion (WARD) as well as defects in the secretory mechanism per se. Both groups of defects appear to be heterogeneous in nature.
The many facets of engineering design

The basic concept of `design? may be defined as a translation of an idea into a physical reality, or, in equivelent terms, the translation of a `need? to a `solution?. Thus, the activities of engineers and designer become almost synonymous. While it is convenient, and to an extent necessary, to separate different steps of design, it is vital to pay proper attention always to the correct balance and overall concept. The objective of the paper is to sketch out the `System approach?, entailing the combination of the many different disciplines involved in producing engineering goods, illustrated by the author's experience in `heavy electrical engineering? and acknowledging the Corfield Report. Stress is placed on the overriding need to consider the economic requirements, with special reference to a total-energy concept, and the implication of computer-aided manufacture leading to computer-integrated manufacture.
Collecting Gear for Lake Trout Eggs and Fry

Abstract Various types of gear for sampling eggs and fry of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were tested in Lakes Superior and Michigan during 1973-79. One type consisted of pails set in spawning substrate before lake trout spawned. Some were lifted soon after spawning to determine number of eggs deposited; others were left until spring when traps mounted atop the pails caught fry that hatched from eggs previously deposited in the pails. For collecting on lake trout spawning grounds, centrifugal pumps, which sucked up water and organisms from spawning substrate, were effective both for eggs and sac fry. Pyramidal wire-mesh traps, set on lake trout spawning areas, were very effective in catching fry in May and June. Plastic minnow traps also caught fry on spawning areas. Two versions of a 1.2-m beam trawl equipped with “ticklers” were moderately effective for fry on rough-bottomed spawning areas and on nearby smooth, hard bottom during May-July. A 5-m otter trawl, fished at night near spawning grounds, wa...
Cultural Sensitivity: A Critical Examination

Abstract The construct of cultural sensitivity plays an increasing important role in psychology, including several key roles in the American Psychological Association's Ethics Code. We critically evaluate this construct. Problems associated with this construct are discussed including: (1) problems parsing and validly attributing cultural status; (2) lack of clarity concerning what constitutes sensitivity and the implications for ethically mandated behavior; and (3) unintended potential negative effects. We propose seven potential dimensions of cultural sensitivity which range from being able to accurately identify what culture(s) a person belongs to, to being able to implement appropriate action in a culturally sensitive manner. We call for an approach beyond a superficial acceptance of cultural sensitivity and counsel a more cautious stance toward cultural sensitivity.
Research as a Chaplaincy Intervention

I walked into the outpatient pulmonary clinic to pay a father of one of our patients the reimbursement for his time and effort in participating in a qualitative research study I was leading. As I g...
Constellation Program Return to the Moon: Software Systems Challenges -- Autonomy and Autonomicity a Solution?

This letter, based on a keynote talk at EASe-2006 introduced NASA's constellation program, which is developing new space systems for renewed human exploration of the moon, and eventually, Mars. A selection of challenges for software systems were introduced that arise from the special circumstances of constellation systems. These challenges illustrate a variety of the types of problems that must be addressed related to software quality, automation, autonomicity and autonomy. For example, constellation program-level systems engineering and integration activities are tasked with ensuring interoperability, reuse, compatibility, and evolutionary upgrade of all systems. To further compound the challenges, constellation missions represent a mixing of the human space-flight processes with those of NASA's robotic exploration missions. These factors and others give rise to many unique and/or significantly more complex engineering than has been previously faced in the development of space systems. In this context, software reliability and safety become critical qualities for what will arguably be the most complex software systems artifact ever created
Central collisions of 800-GeV protons with Ag/Br nuclei in nuclear emulsion

Central collisions of 800-GeV protons with the heavy components of nuclear emulsion, $^{107}\mathrm{Ag}$ and $^{80}\mathrm{Br}$, have been investigated to determine the characteristics of small-impact-parameter collisions and, by comparison with the analysis of inclusive proton-emulsion inelastic interactions and inelastic proton-nucleon collisions, to study the dependence of the interaction process on the mean number of intranuclear collisions 〈\ensuremath{\nu}〉. The data are also compared with the results obtained in proton-emulsion collisions, both central and inclusive, at 200 GeV. The variations in the secondary-particle multiplicities and the normalized pseudorapidity density correlate with 〈\ensuremath{\nu}〉 and demonstrate that proton-nucleus interactions, both central and inclusive, can be described adequately by the incoherent superposition of proton-nucleon collisions.
ORIGINS OF GENOTYPIC VARIATION IN NORTH AMERICAN DANDELIONS INFERRED FROM RIBOSOMAL DNA AND CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS

Restriction enzyme analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is used to assess the relative contribution of hybridization and mutation as sources of genotypic variation in weedy asexual dandelions, with focus on the dandelion flora of North America. Of 318 North American dandelions surveyed, 145 rDNA-cpDNA clones are detected. The combined rDNA-cpDNA genotypes show that most of the polymorphic rDNA and cpDNA restriction sites or lengths in these plants are also present in weedy asexual dandelions collected from natural populations in Europe and in asexual and diploid taxa (microspecies) chosen to represent diverse Eurasian members of the genus. However, of 222 combined rDNA-cpDNA genotypes found in 427 asexual plants surveyed, only 9 genotypes are found in both North American and Eurasian dandelions. Two rDNA and three cpDNA characters are unique to individual plants in North America and are consistent with mutational origins of genotypic variation in asexual lineages. But the array of genotypic diversity, characterized by different combinations of the rDNA and cpDNA characters, show that multiple hybridization events are a more important source of genotypic variation than mutation in the asexual polyploids. The rDNA and cpDNA data also indicate polyphyletic origin of several asexual Taraxacum taxa.
Tumor implantation in mouse humerus evokes movement-related hyperalgesia exceeding that evoked by intramuscular carrageenan.

Abstract In this paper we compare two innovative models of movement-related pain: tumor-induced nociception following implantation of fibrosarcoma cells into bone and muscle inflammation-induced nociception following injection of the irritant carrageenan into muscle. Importantly, using the grip force test, an assay of movement-related hyperalgesia, both non-malignant and malignant pain are examined in parallel. Movement-related hyperalgesia, known clinically as a specific type of ‘breakthrough pain’, is a common feature of bone cancer and is thought to be a predictor of poor response to conventional analgesic pharmacotherapy ( Bruera et al., 1995 , J. Pain Symptom. Manage. 10 (1995) 348; Mercadaute et al., 1992 , Pain 50 (1992) 151; Pain 81 (1999) 129). Implantation of NCTC 2472 sarcoma cells in both humeri or injection of carrageenan (4%) in both triceps of C3H/He mice produced apparent forelimb hyperalgesia that was not associated with mechanical hyperalgesia in the forepaw, whereas carrageenan at 6 and 8% did evoke significant cutaneous hyperalgesia of the forepaw as well. Control groups receiving implants of vehicle or no treatment at all did not manifest this forelimb hyperalgesia. B6C3/F1 mice implanted with non-lysis-inducing G3.26 melanoma cells or vehicle did not manifest significant hyperalgesia when compared to B6C3/F1 mice receiving fibrosarcoma cells, indicating a dependence on bone involvement for induction of hyperalgesia in this model. Histological examination at days 3, 7, and 10 post-implantation showed a clear correlation of tumor growth-induced bone destruction with behavioral hyperalgesia. Morphine was more potent in decreasing the maximal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan than that induced by tumor implantation. Acutely administered morphine (3–100 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated peak hyperalgesia of carrageenan-injected mice (ED 50 6.9 mg/kg) and tumor-bearing mice (ED 50 23.9 mg/kg) in a dose-related manner with a difference in potency of 3.5. Tumor-implanted mice with a level of hyperalgesia comparable to that induced by carrageenan required almost three times more morphine (ED 50 18.5 mg/kg) for equivalent attenuation of forelimb hyperalgesia. These animal models of movement-related hyperalgesia may aid in discerning the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying pain that accompanies bone metastases and distinguishing it from the pain associated with muscular inflammation. Importantly, they may also aid in predicting differences in analgesic efficacy in different types of musculoskeletal pain.