cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of target vibration estimation in synthetic aperture radar imagery

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) can be used to remotely estimate ground target vibrations by exploiting the Doppler in the returned signals. Recent studies suggest that time-frequency signal-processing tools can retrieve the vibration signature from the returned SAR signals. A vibration estimation method based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) was reported earlier and it was tested on simulated SAR data. In this paper, a first-time demonstration of the FRFT-based vibration estimation method is reported using real SAR data collected by the Lynx (K u -band) SAR system. The vibrating target is an aluminum triangular trihedral with lateral length of 15 inches. The FRFT-based algorithm is shown to successfully retrieve a 3 mm peak-to-peak amplitude, 5 Hz vibration of the target from real SAR data.
FIRST: Combining forward iterative selection and shrinkage in high dimensional sparse linear regression

We propose a new class of variable selection techniques for regression in high dimensional linear models based on a forward selection version of the LASSO, adaptive LASSO or elastic net, respectively to be called as forward iterative regression and shrinkage technique (FIRST), adaptive FIRST and elastic FIRST. These methods seem to work effectively for extremely sparse high dimensional linear models. We exploit the fact that the LASSO, adaptive LASSO and elastic net have closed form solutions when the predictor is onedimensional. The explicit formula is then repeatedly used in an iterative fashion to build the model until convergence occurs. By carefully considering the relationship between estimators at successive stages, we develop fast algorithms to compute our estimators. The performance of our new estimators are compared with commonly used estimators in terms of predictive accuracy and errors in variable selection. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62J05, 62J05; secondary 62J07.
Prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels of prelaying, laying and postlaying turkey hens following central administration of serotonin and peripheral administration of quipazine maleate.

Abstract The influence of serotonin (5-HT) on plasma prolactin and LH levels in female turkeys was studied by systemic injection of quipazine maleate, at 5-HT agonist, or by cerebro-ventricular injection of 5-HT itself. Within 30 min after injection, quipazine maleate (20 mg administered i.p.) elicited a significant increase in plasma prolactin in hens approaching sexual maturity as well as in laying hens. A 5-mg dose. had no effect on prolactin levels of either prelaying or laying hens. Intraventricular injection of 5 and 25 μg of 5-HT caused an increase in plasma prolactin of prelaying hens. A 5-μg dose of 5-HT was also effective in increasing prolactin levels in laying hens and in hens that had stopped laying due to ventricular cannula implantation. Neither quipazine maleate nor intraventricularly injected 5-HT had an effect on LH levels in any experiment.
Four-port microwave networks with intrinsic broad-band suppression of common-mode signals

Two classes of four-port microwave networks are defined with discriminative even- and odd-mode transmission characteristics. Design of the networks is based on filter prototypes with predefined sets of transmission zeros and, consequently, a desired response can be synthesized. A configuration consisting of a pseudodifferential active circuit in cascade with either class results in a sub-system with high common-mode rejection ratio over a broad frequency range. A pseudodifferential circuit implementation demonstrated low common-mode gain over a 3:1 operating bandwidth ranging from 250 to 750 MHz.
Grazing Incidence X-ray Topographic Studies of Threading Dislocations in Hydrothermal Grown ZnO Single Crystal Substrates

ZnO single crystal substrates grown by the hydrothermal method have been characterized by grazing incidence X-ray topography using both monochromaticand whitesynchrotron X ray beams.11 4 reflection wasrecorded from the (0001) wafers and the different contrast patterns produced by different threading defects were noted. To uniquely identify the Burgers vectors of these threading dislocation defects, we use raytracingsimulation to compare with observed defect contrast. Our studies showed that threading screw dislocations are not commonly observed.Most threading edge dislocationshavetheBurgers vector of1⁄3[2 0] or1⁄3[12 10]and a density of 2.88×104/cm2.
Atomic Layer Deposition on Bulk Quantities of Surfactant‐Modified Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be achieved through physical surface modification using liquid-phase pretreatment dispersion techniques. Al2O3 ALD on nonfunctionalized SWNTs produced isolated nodule growth. Ethanol and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) pretreatment methods were utilized to disperse and functionalize batches of nanotube powders. Ethanol-based dispersion techniques provided hydroxylated surfaces that promoted continuous Al2O3 films on SWNT surfaces. The SDS method provided a dense nucleation site pattern that allowed for conformal Al2O3 film growth. Al2O3 ALD processes yielded growth rates of 0.13 nm/cycle, independent of the functionalization technique, at 450 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to quantify the composition of the films, which were amorphous as deposited. A surfactant-assisted ALD mechanism is proposed, which retains a physisorbed micelle structure as a template for the dense precursor nucleation site pattern. Liquid-phase pretreatment was found to be an efficient mechanism to overcome attractive forces associated with nanoscale particle systems, and significantly reduced the size of nanotube bundles. The successful ALD on an individual suspended nanotube in other work was extended to the bulk coating of SWNT powders. This work demonstrates significant progress toward the goal of producing commercially viable SWNT-based nanocomposite devices that incorporate bulk quantities of ALD-functionalized nanotubes.
Mixed acetoxy-benzoxy taxane esters from Taxus brevifolia

Abstract Three new taxane derivatives were isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia and their structures established as 5β,20-epoxy-1β-hydroxy-4α,7β,13α-triacetoxy-2α,9α,10β-tribenzoxy-tax-11-ene, 2α,10β-dibenzoxy-5β,20-epoxy-1β-hydroxy-4α,gβ,9α,13α-tetraacetoxy-tax-11-ene and 2α,7β-dibenzoxy-5β,20-epoxy-1β-hydroxy-4α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetoxy-tax-11-ene.
Chemo- and radiotherapy in adjuvant management of optimally debulked endometrial cancer

The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in adjuvant management of optimally debulked endometrial cancer with extrauterine involvement is evolving. Recent studies have suggested an expanded role for chemotherapy and questioned the benefit of radiation therapy. Ongoing and planned clinical trials should provide clarification.
Literacy of the Other: Renarrating Humanity. Mishra Tarc, A. New York, NY: State University of New York Press, 2015. 172 pp. $75.00.

Aparna Mishra Tarc's book, Literacy of the Other: Renarrating Humanity, emphasizes the psychoanalytic examination of language, literacy and literature in the way we make meaning of our humanity and...
Effect of Ondansetron on Metformin Pharmacokinetics and Response in Healthy Subjects

The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists such as ondansetron have been used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting for over 2 decades. This study was to determine whether ondansetron could serve as a perpetrator drug causing transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions in humans. Twelve unrelated male healthy Chinese volunteers were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to investigate the effects of ondansetron or placebo on the pharmacokinetics of and the response to metformin, a well-characterized substrate of organic cation transporters and multidrug and toxin extrusions (MATEs). Ondansetron treatment caused a statistically significantly higher Cmax of metformin compared with placebo (18.3 ± 5.05 versus 15.2 ± 3.23; P = 0.006) and apparently decreased the renal clearance of metformin by 37% as compared with placebo (P = 0.001). Interestingly, ondansetron treatment also statistically significantly improved glucose tolerance in subjects, as indicated by the smaller glucose area under the curve in the oral glucose tolerance test (10.4 ± 1.43) as compared with placebo (11.5 ± 2.29 mmol∙mg/l) (P = 0.020). It remains possible that ondansetron itself may affect glucose homeostasis in human subjects, but our clinical study, coupled with our previous findings in cells and in animal models, indicates that ondansetron can cause a drug-drug interaction via its potent inhibition of MATE transporters in humans.
The Nine Nations of North America and the Value Basis of Geographic Segmentation

The utility of the concept of the “Nine Nations of North America” for segmentation was tested by comparing several geographic segmentation systems with values in a probability sample of the cotermi...
The Katayama syndrome.

Twelve cases of the Katayama syndrome or toxaemic stage of bilharzia are descriptionbed. The clinical picture of fever, headache, cough, abdominal pain, urticaria, enlarged liver, enlarged spleen and a high blood eosinophilia is descriptionbed in detail. The syndrome in this country is caused by S. haematobium or S. mansoni. Mixed infections also occur. Of 10 cases in which ova were found 7 had S. mansoni in the stools and it is suggested that this infection is becoming more prevalent in this area. The eosinophilia is usually very high and may reach 80%. The bilharzial complement-fixation test may be a useful diagnostic test. In areas where bilharzia is endemic the Katayama syndrome should be considered when an unexplained fever presents. The impression has been gained that treatment with large doses of 'nilodin' (100 mg. per Ib body weight over 8 days) is at least as satisfactory as intramuscular antimony in cases due to S. haematobium. In those due to S. mansoni it is thought best to follow 'nilodin' with antimony and to repeat the course later.
Love and Friendship in T'ang Ch'uan-Ch'i

(1986). Love and Friendship in T'ang Ch'uan-Ch'i. Monumenta Serica: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 155-168.
A seeding based cellular assay of tauopathy

Tauopathy is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles composed of insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Currently, cellular models that mimic neurofibrillary tangles in vitro are lacking. Previous studies indicate that neurofibrillary tangles form via a prion replication mechanism. In the present work, we establish a seeding based cellular model according to the prion hypothesis. We show that cellular soluble tau can be converted to insoluble tau by seeds from the brain lysate of rTg4510 mice or synthetically generated preformed tau fibrils (PFFs). The cellular insoluble tau exhibits classic features of neurofibrillary tangles. Using genetic and pharmacological methods, we demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy increases whereas enhancement of autophagy reduces insoluble tau in our seeding based cellular model. The insoluble tau can be detected and quantified by thioflavin-S staining, thus allowing us to adapt our cellular model to a high-content image-based screening platform. Our seeding based cellular model reproduces neurofibrillary tangle pathology in vitro and serves as a useful tool for studying tauopathy and identifying tau modulators.
Study on characteristics and regularity of Ebstain's anomaly by color Doppler echocardiography

Objective To probe into the characteristics and regularity of Ebstein's anomaly by coler Doppler echocardiography (CDE). Methods One hundred patients with Ebstein's anomaly were examined with CDE, 21 cases underwent angiocardiography and all cases were confirmed by operation. Results Ninety-eight cases of Ebstein's anomaly were accurately diagnosed based on the CDE characteristics with diagnosis accuracy of 98.0%, 1case was misdiagnosed as isolated hypoplastic right ventricle and 1 case was misdiagnosed as atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventriclar septal defect. Conclusion The CDE characteristics and regularity of Ebstein's anomaly are obvious, and CDE has specific diagnostic value for Ebstein's anomaly. But it is, to some extent, difficult to diagnose Ebstein's anomaly if combined d with ASD and POF.
Research on Two-Phase Marking Model for More Flexible Products Using Revenue Management

Gallego Phillips studied two alternative products offered by the airlines company.Customers can buy a flexible product.The supplier reserved the right to assign customers who purchase a flexible product to one of the alternatives.This paper extends to more flexible product,such as three alternatives.Stochastic dynamic model is formulized.Numerical experiments show that it will increase expected revenue and pool the risk for a company to sale more flexible products.
Regulation of apolipoprotein secretion by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in newborn swine enterocytes

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important in the development of the immature nervous system, and adding these fatty acids to infant formula has been proposed. To determine the effect of n-3 LC-PUFA on apolipoprotein secretion and lipid synthesis in newborn swine enterocytes, differentiated IPEC-1 cells were incubated for 24 h with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) complexed with albumin at a fatty acid concentration of 0.8 mM or albumin alone (control) added to the apical medium. Oleic acid (OA; 18:1) was used a control for lipid-labeling studies. Both DHA and EPA reduced apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion by one-half, whereas EPA increased apo A-I secretion. The increased apo A-I secretion occurred primarily in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. These changes in apoprotein secretion were not accompanied by significant changes in synthesis. Modest decreases in apo B mRNA levels were observed for DHA and EPA, whereas there were no changes in apo A-I mRNA abundance. EPA reduced cellular triacylglycerol labeling by one-half, and DHA and EPA decreased cellular phospholipid labeling compared with OA. Labeled triacylglycerol secretion was decreased 75% by EPA, and DHA doubled labeled phospholipid secretion. If present in vivo, these effects should be considered before supplementing infant formula with these fatty acids.
Multi-mode entangled states represented as Grassmannian polynomials

We introduce generalized Grassmannian representatives of multi-mode state vectors. By implementing the fundamental properties of Grassmann coherent states, we map the Hilbert space of the finite-dimensional multi-mode states to the space of some Grassmannian polynomial functions. These Grassmannian polynomials form a well-defined space in the framework of Grassmann variables; namely Grassmannian representative space. Therefore, a quantum state can be uniquely defined and determined by an element of Grassmannian representative space. Furthermore, the Grassmannian representatives of some maximally entangled states are considered, and it is shown that there is a tight connection between the entanglement of the states and their Grassmannian representatives.
Changing the Guard

September 1951 marked a critical point in the Iranian oil dispute, a time when Britain revealed its determination to bring down the government of Muhammad Musaddiq.
Tobacco and Other Drug Use among Foster Care Adolescents in West Virginia.

OBJECTIVES This study presents tobacco and other drug use prevalence data from a statewide health screening program of foster care (FC) children in West Virginia, and explores associations with demographic and placement variables. METHODS Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index were conducted to determine if placement type and geographic region were associated with tobacco and other drug use among FC adolescents screened in 2012-2013 by the Early Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT), or HealthCheck WV. RESULTS One-third of the 12-17 year-olds used tobacco and 24% used other drugs. Results from the logistic regression analyses showed that significant associations between tobacco and drug use and placement variables persisted after controlling for covariates. Adolescents in home placements were significantly less likely to use tobacco (AOR=0.294; 95% CI: 0.196-0.441) or drugs (AOR=0.269; 95%, CI: 0.164-0.443) than those in agency placements. Details of significant regional variations also are presented. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of tobacco and drug use in West Virginia's FC adolescents and highlights a need for appropriate interventions for this vulnerable population.
Analytical Procedures for the Quality Control of Meteorological Data

Careful attention to quality assurance of data is a vital part of any analysis of observational data. It serves to avoid the distortion or biasing of results by erroneous records.
Continuous-Time Modeling and Control Using Nonsingular Linearized Relative-Orbit Elements

Applications, such as autonomous rendezvous and docking for CubeSats, on-orbit assembly of space stations, and orbital-debris harvesting or removal technologies, require relative-motion guidance-and-control-approach application for close-proximity operations with frequent trajectory controls. This study expands upon current relative-orbit approaches in delivering a nonsingular osculating linearized-relative-orbit-element state extracted from the Clohessy–Wiltshire equations’ integration constants capable of including perturbation accelerations and control. The Lagrangian brackets, used in Lagrange’s planetary equations and other osculating forms, are applied to the acquired state vector to obtain the elegantly simple kinematics. The proposed relative-motion state vector is promising for a range of proximity operations, as it provides the capability to include perturbation accelerations and control without altering the formulation and no loss of geometric insight. The linearized-relative-orbit-element vari...
Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans

A glycoprotein is defined as a protein or polypeptide to which a carbohydrate is attached by a covalent bond. These conjugated proteins are of major biological importance, comprising enzymes, hormones, antibodies, membranes, and the ground substance of every cell. They include not only most of the soluble globulins of the plasma, but insoluble proteins of connective tissue and the lubricant secretions of the various organs of the bodies, the mucoproteins.
American Spies: Modern Surveillance, Why You Should Care, and What to Do About It

US intelligence agencies - the eponymous American spies - are exceedingly aggressive, pushing and sometimes bursting through the technological, legal and political boundaries of lawful surveillance. Written for a general audience by a surveillance law expert, this book educates readers about how the reality of modern surveillance differs from popular understanding. Weaving the history of American surveillance - from J. Edgar Hoover through the tragedy of September 11th to the fusion centers and mosque infiltrators of today - the book shows that mass surveillance and democracy are fundamentally incompatible. Granick shows how surveillance law has fallen behind while surveillance technology has given American spies vast new powers. She skillfully guides the reader through proposals for reining in massive surveillance with the ultimate goal of surveillance reform.
Adaptive frequency-difference matched field processing for high frequency source localization in a noisy shallow ocean

Remote source localization in the shallow ocean at frequencies significantly above 1 kHz is virtually impossible for conventional array signal processing techniques due to environmental mismatch. A recently proposed technique called frequency-difference matched field processing (Δf-MFP) [Worthmann, Song, and Dowling (2015). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138(6), 3549–3562] overcomes imperfect environmental knowledge by shifting the signal processing to frequencies below the signal's band through the use of a quadratic product of frequency-domain signal amplitudes called the autoproduct. This paper extends these prior Δf-MFP results to various adaptive MFP processors found in the literature, with particular emphasis on minimum variance distortionless response, multiple constraint method, multiple signal classification, and matched mode processing at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from −20 to +20 dB. Using measurements from the 2011 Kauai Acoustic Communications Multiple University Research Initiative experiment, the l...
Sensors and haptics technologies for user interface design in wearables

In this paper, a summary of various sensory technologies and interactions within them in wearable platforms is presented. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the way humans perceive various sensory inputs. Then, we review today's state of art sensor technologies for user interfaces, followed by discussions on opportunities uniquely enabled by the wearable form factor.
Chemicals That Stimulate Iron Uptake – A Novel Approach to Treatment of Iron Deficiency,

Abstract 3180 Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient required for all cells, especially for erythrocyte hemoglobin synthesis which requires absorption of 1–2 mg of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Iron deficiency as a result of inadequate dietary uptake has multiple consequences including anemia and abnormal neurologic development in children and is a global public health concern. Enterocytes in the duodenum, the site of iron absorption, can extract about 10% of dietary Fe. Nonetheless for numerous reasons simple iron supplementation has not solved the worldwide epidemic of iron deficiency. We hypothesized that small molecules which could potentiate iron uptake into cells would allow enterocytes to absorb an increased amount of dietary iron and could be beneficial in limiting iron deficiency. To identify molecules that would accelerate Fe uptake we used a high through-put screening system in conjunction with a reporter system of K562 cells loaded with the divalent metal chelator calcein whose fluorescence is quenched with chelation of Fe 2+ . Small molecules that stimulated Fe uptake were defined as causing increased calcein fluorescence quenching compared to Fe alone. K562 cells were exposed to 0.1 μM calcein for 10 minutes, thoroughly washed, and 1 × 10 5 cells plated into each well of multiple 96-well plates. After equilibration of the plates at 37° C, aliquots of the individual components of an in-house chemical library of ∼12,000 compounds dissolved in DMSO were screened in duplicate or triplicate and fluorescence measurements made at 0 and 30 min after addition of 10 μM FeNH 4 SO 4 in a Synergy IV plate reader. 30 chemicals were identified that stimulated iron-induced quenching of calcein fluorescence. The stimulation was verified by dose response curves and by assaying the effect on non-transferrin bound 55 Fe uptake. None of the stimulators were cytotoxic for up to at least 3 days. The lead compound, LS081, had an IC 50 = 1.22 ± 0.48 μM for 55 Fe uptake in K562 cells compared to controls. LS081 was also used to examine the iron uptake in Caco2 cells grown in bicameral chambers, a model system to study intestinal iron absorption. LS081 significantly increased 55 Fe uptake into Caco2 cells with a very rapid influx of 55 Fe in the first 5 min after Fe was offered to the apical surface followed by a ∼ 4-fold increased uptake over the next 90 min. 55 Fe transport across the basolateral surface into the basal chamber also increased ∼ 4 fold. The increased 55 Fe transport in caco2 cells is more prominent at lower pH of 5.5 compare to pH 7.5 suggesting LS081 acted on a common divalent metal uptake pathway. Mice treated with LS081 + ferric ammonium citrate via oral gavage for two weeks significantly increased (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Assessing cortical and subcortical changes in a western diet mouse model using spectral/Fourier domain OCT (Conference Presentation)

The Western diet, causative in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, has recently been associated with the development of diffuse white matter disease (WMD) and other subcortical changes. Yet, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms by which a high-fat diet can cause WMD. Mechanistic studies of deep brain regions in mice have been challenging due to a lack of non-invasive, high-resolution, and deep imaging technologies. Here we used Optical Coherence Tomography to study mouse cortical/subcortical structures noninvasively and in vivo. To better understand the role of Western Diet in the development of WMD, intensity and Doppler flow OCT images, obtained using a 1300 nm spectral / Fourier domain OCT system, were used to observe the structural and functional alterations in the cortex and corpus callosum of Western Diet and control diet mouse models. Specifically, we applied segmentation to the OCT images to identify the boundaries of the cortex/corpus callosum, and further quantify the layer thicknesses across animals between the two diet groups. Furthermore, microvasculature alterations such as changes in spatiotemporal flow profiles within diving arterioles, arteriole diameter, and collateral tortuosity were analyzed. In the current study, while the arteriole vessel diameters between the two diet groups was comparable, we show that collateral tortuosity was significantly higher in the Western diet group, compared to control diet group, possibly indicating remodeling of brain vasculature due to dietary changes. Moreover, there is evidence showing that the corpus callosum is thinner in Western diet mice, indicative of tissue atrophy.
Resection of a Giant Cardiac Lymphovenous Malformation Involving the Right Atrioventricular Groove

Lymphovenous malformations of the heart are rare, and optimal management is uncertain. We present a case of a 39-year-old gentleman with a giant symptomatic lymphovenous malformation involving the right atrium, ventricle, and coronary artery. Radical resection was performed with replacement of the tricuspid valve and bovine pericardial reconstruction of the atrium and ventricle. Additional coronary artery bypass grafting was performed to the acute marginal and distal right coronary artery. Radical resection for this benign process is feasible and may be considered given the possibility of recurrence seen with lymphatic malformations of other parts of the body.
Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Wound Healing

Significance: Skin serves as a protective barrier for mammals. Epidermal stem cells are responsible for maintaining skin homeostasis. When cutaneous injuries occur, skin homeostasis and integrity are damaged, leading to dire consequences such as acute, chronic, or infected wounds. Skin wound healing is an intrinsic self-saving chain reaction, which is crucial to facilitating the replacement of damaged or lost tissue. Recent Advances: An immense amount of research has uncovered the underlying mechanisms behind the complex and highly regulated wound healing process. In this review, we will dissect the biological process of adult skin wound healing and emphasize the importance of epidermal stem cells during the wound healing. Critical Issues: We will comprehensively discuss the current clinical practices used on patients with cutaneous wounds, including both traditional skin grafting procedures and advanced grafting techniques with cultured skin stem cells. The majority of these leading techniques still retain some deficiencies during clinical use. Moreover, the regeneration of skin appendages after severe injuries remains a challenge in treatment. Future Directions: Understanding epidermal stem cells and their essential functions during skin wound healing are fundamental components behind the development of clinical treatment on patients with cutaneous wounds. It is important to improve the current standard of care and to develop novel techniques improving patient outcomes and long-term rehabilitation, which should be the goals of future endeavors in the field of skin wound healing.
From Headlines to Punchlines: Suffragist Humor in the Popular Press

Despite burgeoning social reform during the Progressive Era in the United States, women’s suffrage was a hard sell and the “New Woman” was often fodder for controversy or anti-feminist caricature rather than a fully realized character in her own right. Savvy suffragist writers talked back to their adversaries with the biting wit and playful satire in the essays, poetry, and short fiction they contributed to established presses such as Peterson’s Magazine, The New York Tribune, and Harper’s, as well as new publications devoted to women’s issues such as The Woman Voter. Drawing on feminist humor theories, in this chapter Amanda T. Smith posits the cultural and literary impact of suffragist humorists in the popular press by examining exemplary works by Marietta Holley (1836–1926), Alice Duer Miller (1874–1942), and Florence Guy Seabury (1881–1951).
Pressure-Dependence of the Probability of Vibronic Transitions

An important part of the pressure dependence of vibronic spectra of impurities involves the change in the vibrational part of the transition matrix with pressure because of the relative displacements of the harmonic oscillator functions for the two states. We make a general analysis and thus determine theoretically the pressure dependence of the probability of the vibronic transitions. Some special cases, for example the zero-phonon transition, are considered.
Ozone Treatment of Antibiotics in Water

Antibiotics have emerged as contaminants of concern in environmental water sources. Besides the ability of antibiotics to exert selective pressure on microbial communities, trace concentrations of these compounds may also instigate development of antibiotic resistance, affect cell signaling processes, and alter carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. For these reasons, advanced treatment processes are required to remove the threat posed by antibiotics in water and wastewater. Ozone is a highly reactive oxidant that demonstrates selectivity for moieties commonly found in antibiotic molecules. Ozone and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes, which promote ozone decomposition to hydroxyl radicals, are quite effective at transforming antibiotics in real systems. Specific topics of this chapter include description of antibiotics, literature review of antibiotics in wastewater and surface water, background on ozone chemistry and reaction kinetics, discussion of antibiotic transformation during ozone and advanced oxidation processes, insight into the effects of dissolved organic matter on ozonation of antibiotics, and description of the importance of transformation products. Ultimately, ozone-based processes offer an effective solution to this emerging threat.
Development of a Tradition

The cyphering tradition which controlled North American school mathematics between 1607 and 1840 was imported from Western European nations. The curriculum within the tradition had a strong mercantile emphasis, and was most suited to boys who wished to gain employment as clerks or reckoners, or as navigators or surveyors. This chapter traces how the cyphering tradition, which was originally developed in India and in Arab nations, was introduced into Italian city states around 1200. Gradually, it was adopted in Western Europe, including France, the Germanic states, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and Great Britain.
Obstuctions to the Existence of Kähler-Einstein Metrics

In this chapter we discuss the two obstructions to the existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics for the case of positive anticanonical class. The first one is the non-reductivity of the automorphism group discovered by Matsushima [M] and Lichnerowicz [Li]. the second one is the nonvanishing of an invariant for holomorphic vector fields due to Kazdan, Warner [K-W], and Futaki [F].
Late Complications of the Modified Indiana Pouch

AbstractThe modified Indiana pouch is currently an accepted and widely used form of continent cutaneous urinary diversion. However, results of long-term followup and potential late complications are still being established. We report our experience with 130 modified Indiana pouches performed between September 1987 and September 30, 1991.In 16 patients (12%) late complications developed between 1 and 16 months after the pouch procedure. Ureteral obstruction developed in 9 of these patients (7%), including bilateral obstruction in 4. Balloon dilation with or without incision of ureteral strictures in 6 patients resulted in an 83% failure rate, while ureteral reimplantation was successful in 91% (10 of 11 cases). Reservoir dysfunction was the late complication in the remaining 7 patients. Urodynamic evaluation was essential in determining appropriate treatment for incontinence with either replication of the ileal segment or pouch augmentation with an ileal patch. Of the 16 late complications 56% occurred in ...
Spatial Uncertainty in Depth Averaged Velocity Determined from Stationary, Transect, and Longitudinal ADCP Measurements

AbstractThis study builds upon established methods for using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) to measure velocities to include another measurement technique—longitudinal measurements—whic...
The response of genes and pathways of immunological system induced by irradiation

Abstract Current studies have shown that ionizing radiation (IR) could increase the efficiency of radiation therapy by the stimulation of the immune system. This occurs in low-dose radiation as well as doses within hypofractionated range usually used in radiotherapy. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of immunogenic modulation reported at these doses remain an issue. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome data available in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database related to B cells isolated from whole blood of 95 donors and then irradiated with 10 Gy. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of genes and pathways of the immune system considering the B7-CD28/CTLA4 superfamily, CD40-CD40LG molecules, and cytokines expressed by B cells irradiated. The connection between genes and pathways is established by the Reactome database. Relative activity and diversity of pathways were calculated to determine the modulation of the immune system response to irradiation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s method were used to determine differentially expressed genes. It was observed that IR up-modulates the response of pathways and genes considered in this study, which indicates that 10 Gy can enhance antitumor immune responses.
Climate-driven reduction of genetic variation in plant phenology alters soil communities and nutrient pools

We examined the hypothesis that climate-driven evolution of plant traits will influence associated soil microbiomes and ecosystem function across the landscape. Using a foundation tree species, Populus angustifolia, observational and common garden approaches, and a base population genetic collection that spans 17 river systems in the western United States, from AZ to MT, we show that (a) as mean annual temperature (MAT) increases, genetic and phenotypic variation for bud break phenology decline; (b) soil microbiomes, soil nitrogen (N), and soil carbon (C) vary in response to MAT and conditioning by trees; and (c) with losses of genetic variation due to warming, population-level regulation of community and ecosystem functions strengthen. These results demonstrate a relationship between the potential evolutionary response of populations and subsequent shifts in ecosystem function along a large temperature gradient.
Dynamic Pricing: Some Thoughts and Analysis

This research examines the market efficiency of concert tickets, particularly the lost revenue in high demand events where dynamic pricing was not used and tickets were inefficiently priced. The paper includes review of related literature and an event study of initial and secondary market prices of tickets to the summer 2013, 2016, and 2018 Pearl Jam concerts at Wrigley Field in Chicago.
Reaching Beyond the Innovators

Rogers’ theory of innovation work has guided Hostos’ EdTech Department in encouraging and supporting early, middle, and later adopters. Early adopters like contributing authors DiSanto and Figueroa have led the way as technological innovators on campus. Best practices in using technology to enhance pedagogical approaches are being developed here at Hostos. Not only are faculty committed to preparing our community college students for careers and transfer to a four-year college, they also see their task as helping students achieve higher social mobility. The support our EdTech team offers students helps them be more prepared in crossing the digital divide. This chapter examines the organizational structure at Hostos and the means of information dissemination used since Carlos Guevara became director of Educational Technology.
Integrating multiple sources of biodiversity information greatly expands the range of a rare species of Hymenoptera (Vanhorniidae).

Background Vanhornia eucnemidarum Crawford is the only species of Vanhorniidae that occurs in North America. This species is rarely collected and thus the distribution is not well documented. Intending to uncover a more accurate range of this species, we assembled collection records from museums, personal collections and citizen science projects. Many of these records were non-digitised and had to be personally requested. New information Here we expand the known distribution of V. eucnemidarum to include nine new provinces and states: Manitoba, Connecticut, Oregon, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Texas and Wisconsin. Although Quebec has been listed as a previous locality, the recorded province was mislabelled, so Quebec is now also officially a provincial record.
Reactive motion planning for temporal logic tasks without workspace discretization

The curse of dimensionality is a challenge in many applications of Linear Temporal Logic robot motion planning, and is linked to the discretization of the robot's workspace. The discretization aggravates the problem by introducing a multitude of atomic propositions. This paper argues that a large portion of these atomic propositions is unnecessary. It demonstrates this point by introducing local navigation functions within a temporal logic planning framework, and utilizing register automata for reactive motion planning without explicit, high-resolution workspace discretization. Motivation for this approach comes from applications in pediatric motor rehabilitation involving play-based social child-robot interactions, where the appropriate robot behavior in response to child actions is best described in temporal logic terms. A simulation example drawn from the aforementioned pediatric rehabilitation studies illustrates the advantages of the approach.
X-ray interferometry without analyzer for breast CT application: a simulation study.

Purpose: We investigate an analyzer-less x-ray interferometer with a spatially modulated phase grating (MPG) that can deliver three modalities (attenuation image, phase image, and scatter images) in breast computed tomography (BCT). The system can provide three x-ray modalities while preserving the dose to the object and can achieve attenuation image sensitivity similar to that of a standard absorption-only BCT. The MPG system works with a source, a source-grating, a single phase grating, and a detector. No analyzer is necessary. Thus, there is an approximately 2x improvement in fluence at the detector for our system compared with the same source-detector distance Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry (TLXI) because the TLXI has an analyzer after the object, which is not required for the MPG. Approach: We investigate the MPG BCT system in simulations and find a clinically feasible system geometry. First, the mechanism of MPG interferometry is conceptually shown via Sommerfeld-Rayleigh diffraction integral simulations. Next, we investigate source coherence requirements, fringe visibility, and phase sensitivity dependence on different system parameters and find clinically feasible system geometry. Results: The phase sensitivity of MPG interferometry is proportional to object-detector distance and inversely proportional to a period of broad fringes at the detector, which is determined by the grating spatial modulation period. In our simulations, the MPG interferometry can achieve about 27% fringe visibility with clinically realistic BCT geometry of a total source-detector distance of 950 mm and source-object distance of 500 mm. Conclusions: We simulated a promising analyzer-less x-ray interferometer, with a spatially sinusoidal MPG. Our system is expected to deliver the attenuation, phase and scatter image in a single acquisition without dose or fluence detriment, compared with conventional BCT.
The Effects of Asset Degradation on Human Trust in Swarms

Human-swarm interaction (HSwI) research investigates interactions between human operators and robotic swarms. Swarms comprise assets, which operate as a unified group to complete goals like target foraging and shape configuration for asset movement optimization. Though the algorithmic specifications of swarm operations make them robust to individual asset loss, it is unknown how viewing asset degradations affects operator trust towards swarms. To investigate this relationship, modifications to an extant simulator of swarm foraging behaviors were implemented to portray functional asset degradation. Participants viewed recordings of swarms foraging, each comprising a randomized percentage of asset degradation. After each recording, participants rated their intentions to rely on the swarms in a target foraging task. Results showed an effect of differential asset loss on participants’ intentions to rely on swarms. Post hoc analyses showed that participants had greater intentions to rely on swarms in a future target foraging task when 5% and 15% of assets were degraded compared to 20% and 50%. Limitations and ideas for future research on trust in HSwI during target foraging tasks are discussed in detail.
Motility based assays using cultured fourth stage larvae fail to provide consistent discrimination between known avermectin-resistant and -susceptible isolates of Cooperia spp.

Abstract The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the only method commonly used for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle, but this method has several drawbacks that have limited its widescale implementation. Consequently, there exists a need to develop better methods for diagnosing resistance. Assays based on larval motility are used commonly for screening potential drug candidates, and for detecting drug resistance, but previous work in our lab demonstrated that the L3 stage failed to discriminate between avermectin-resistant and susceptible isolates of Cooperia spp. We hypothesized that the L4 may be a better stage for this purpose because it is a parasitic and actively feeding life stage without a double cuticle. L3 larvae of Cooperia spp. were exsheathed and cultured to L4 by maintaining them in media at 37 °C and 20 % CO2, with media changes and observation every 48 h for nine days. Three avermectin-resistant and two avermectin-susceptible GIN isolates (diagnosed by FECRT) containing >88 % Cooperia spp., were used. Three biological replicates were performed for each parasite isolate using both eprinomectin and ivermectin. Eleven drug concentrations from 0.01um to 40um and negative controls were evaluated. Motility readings were taken using the Worminator system before addition of the drug and at 24- and 48 -hs post drug exposure. Resistance ratios for ivermectin and eprinomectin ranged from 0.35 to 2.75 and 0.54-1.03, respectively. Though significant differences (p
DRAFTING THE GREAT ARMY: Optimal conscription in Napoleonic France

The ability to mobilize large armies for the purposes of national defense and territorial expansion is a key feature of the modern state. Post-revolutionary France was among the first European powers to adopt large-scale conscription to man its army. For its conscription efforts to be effective, the French government had to overcome the obstacle posed by desertion. This article develops a framework to study the optimal response to the threat of desertion in designing conscription policies. We argue that geography was a major determinant of the administrative costs of enforcing conscription. Using a novel data-set on conscription and desertion from Napoleonic France, we show that regions with higher terrain ruggedness were more prone to desertion. We also show that, in response to the variation in enforcement costs across regions, the national government adjusted its conscription policies accordingly: More Frenchmen were drafted in regions where the administrative costs of conscription were lower.
Susan K. Harris. Mark Twain, the World, and Me: Following the Equator, Then and Now. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2020. 192 pages. Linda A. Morris--University of California, Davi

In 1895, Mark Twain set off on a year-long lecture tour through major parts of the British Empire: Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa. He undertook the trip with his wife and middle da...
Diminished muscle oxygen uptake and fatigue in spinal muscular atrophy

OBJECTIVE To estimate muscle oxygen uptake and quantify fatigue during exercise in ambulatory individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and healthy controls. METHODS Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak ) and workload (Wpeak ) were measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in 19 ambulatory SMA patients and 16 healthy controls. Submaximal exercise (SME) at 40% Wpeak was performed for 10 minutes. Change in vastus lateralis deoxygenated hemoglobin, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, determined muscle oxygen uptake (ΔHHb) at rest and during CPET and SME. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed fat-free mass (FFM%). Fatigue was determined by percent change in workload or distance in the first compared to the last minute of SME (FatigueSME ) and six-minute walk test (Fatigue6MWT ), respectively. RESULTS ΔHHb-PEAK, ΔHHb-SME, VO2peak , Wpeak , FFM%, and 6MWT distance were lower (P < 0.001), and Fatigue6MWT and FatigueSME were higher (P < 0.001) in SMA compared to controls. ΔHHb-PEAK correlated with FFM% (r = 0.50) and VO2peak (r = 0.41) only in controls. Only in SMA, Fatigue6MWT was inversely correlated with Wpeak (r = -0.69), and FatigueSME was inversely correlated with FFM% (r = -0.55) and VO2peak (r = -0.69). INTERPRETATION This study provides further support for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in SMA patients. During exercise, we observed diminished muscle oxygen uptake but no correlation with aerobic capacity or body composition. We also observed increased fatigue which correlated with decreased aerobic capacity, workload, and body composition. Understanding the mechanisms underlying diminished muscle oxygen uptake and increased fatigue during exercise in SMA may identify additional therapeutic targets that rescue symptomatic patients and mitigate their residual disease burden.
Politics at the periodic table

The periodic table of elements should be celebrated not only for the order it brings, but also for the fascinating stories underlying this icon of science, suggests Juris Meija.
The Medieval Peutinger Map: Imperial Roman Revival in a German Empire

1. Introduction 2. Roman roads and Roman perceptions of space 3. The battle of the maps 4. Christian maps and the Peutinger Map 5. German emperors, crusades, and an imperial map 6. Images and the medieval map 7. Conclusion.