cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
En Route: Toward a Philosophy and Practice of Liberal Education

Brazilian educational philosopher, Paulo Freire, defined praxis as “reflection and action directed at the structures to be transformed.” The structures to which Jackson Newell has directed his reformist energy throughout his career have been the aims and methods of liberal education, by which he strives to free students to pursue knowledge and serve the public interest without being blinded by preconceived ideological, political, or religious assumptions. His pedagogy has grown across a lifetime of wide-ranging experiences, academic inquiry, constant experimentation, and reflection. In this essay Newell describes how he leads students through their own encounters with concrete experience, intellectual and ethical exploration, and even spiritual discovery, to become free and responsible moral agents in their own right. He argues that this is the most direct way in which a college education becomes a public good.
Impacts of physical parametrization on prediction of ethane concentrations for oil and gas emissions

Abstract. Recent increases in the Natural Gas (NG) production through hydraulic fracturing have called into question the climate benefit of switching from coal-fired to natural gas-fired power plants. Higher than expected levels of methane, Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC), and NOx have been observed in areas close to oil and NG operation facilities. Large uncertainties in the oil and NG operation emission inventories reduce the confidence level in the impact assessment of such activities on regional air quality and climate, as well as development of effective mitigation policies. In this work, we used ethane as the indicator of oil and NG emissions and explored the sensitivity of ethane to different physical parametrizations and simulation set-ups in the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model using the U.S. EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI-2011). We evaluated the impact of the following configurations and parameterizations on predicted ethane concentrations: Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) parametrizations, daily re-initialization of meteorological variables, meteorological initial and boundary conditions, and horizontal resolution. We assessed the uncertainties around oil and NG emissions by using measurements from the FRAPPE and DISCOVER-AQ campaigns over the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) in summer 2014. The sensitivity analysis shows up to 57.3 % variability in normalized mean bias of the near-surface modeled ethane across the simulations, which highlights the important role of model configurations on the model performance and ultimately the assessment of emissions. Comparison between airborne measurements and the sensitivity simulations indicates that the model-measurement bias of ethane ranged from −14.9 ppb to −8.2 ppb (NMB ranged from −80.5 % to −44 %) in regions close to oil and NG activities. Under-prediction of ethane concentration in all sensitivity runs suggests an actual under-estimation of the oil and NG emissions in the NEI-2011. Increase of oil and NG emissions in the simulations partially improved the model performance in capturing ethane and lumped alkanes (HC3) concentrations but did not impact the model performance in capturing benzene, toluene, and xylene which is due to very low emission rates of these species from oil and NG sector in the NEI-2011.
Characterization and structural analyses of trimethoxy and triethoxybenzo[b]thiophene

The crystal and molecular structures of two methoxybenzo [b] thiophenes have been determined by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Both 3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene and 3-(3′,4′,5′-triethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene (hereafter referred to as I and II, respectively) crystallize in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group \(P \bar 1\) (No. 2, C1) with two formula units per cell with a = 6.842(1) A, b = 12.602(2) A, c = 13.815(2) A, α = 94.80(1)°, β = 98.27(2)°, and γ = 100.59(2)° and a = 10.600(1), b = 11.415(2), c = 12.137(2) A, α = 94.57(1)°, β = 101.18(1)°, and γ = 110.45(1)°, respectively. The phase problems were solved by direct methods and the respective final full-matrix least-squares refinements converged to R = 0.039 and 0.068. The structures differ in the orientation of the trimethoxy and triethoxy groups of the benzoyl ligands. The molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by van der Waals forces. Selected bond distances, angles, and torsion angles are tabularized as well as reference to the synthesis of the title compounds and peripheral studies.
The cost of benefits, financial conditions, and employment dynamics in recent U.S. Recoveries

This paper explores how much firm-paid employee benefits and firms' financial conditions have contributed to delayed employment recoveries relative to output since 1990, using a DSGE model. Empirically, I document the underexplored pro-cyclicality of per worker benefit costs. Post-1990 period differs from before in that: (1) there have been larger increases of such quasi-fixed employment costs at recoveries; (2) tight financial conditions have also persisted longer into recent recoveries. The model generates 3-to-7-quarter delays in employment recoveries for the post-1990 period but no delay for before, consistent with data; and it produces more than 76 percent of employment volatility.
Analysis of DNA polymorphism haplotypes linked to the cystic fibrosis locus in North American black and Caucasian families supports the existence of multiple mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene.

Strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was found between DNA marker XV2c and the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus (delta = 0.46) and between DNA marker KM19 and CF (delta = 0.67) in 157 CF and 138 normal chromosomes from U.S. Caucasians. DNA haplotypes with nine polymorphic sites were created in 54 Caucasian families. There is a strong LD between the haplotypes and the presence of the mutant CF genes. This implies that the DNA polymorphisms examined are close to the CF gene and that one mutation of the CF gene predominates in the Caucasian population. Haplotype analysis can also be used to refine estimates of CF carrier risk in Caucasians. Data for XV2c and MET markers in 16 American black patients and their families revealed a different haplotype distribution and LD pattern with the CF locus. These data suggest that racial admixture alone does not explain the occurrence of CF in American blacks and that multiple alleles of the CF gene may exist in this population.
Ternary Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Ternary graphite intercalation compounds (T GIC’s) are materials which contain two distinct intercalant species in the host galleries. The two species may be donor ions such as potassium and rubidium [1], acceptor molecules such as ferric chloride and aluminum chloride [2], or combinations of donor and acceptor species [3]. They may also be microscopically distinct chemical and/or structural phases of the same species [4]. Although T GIC’s were first synthesized several decades ago [5], interest in them on the part of physicists, chemists, and physical chemists has only recently been aroused. This awakening is a result of the general realization that T GIC’s offer exciting new opportunities for the exploration of physical phenomena in lower dimensions and for practical applications as well.
Motion-robust diffusion compartment imaging using simultaneous multi-slice acquisition.

Purpose To achieve motion-robust diffusion compartment imaging (DCI) in near continuously moving subjects based on simultaneous multi-slice, diffusion-weighted brain MRI. Methods Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition enables fast and dense sampling of k- and q-space. We propose to achieve motion-robust DCI via slice-level motion correction by exploiting the rigid coupling between simultaneously acquired slices. This coupling provides 3D coverage of the anatomy that substantially constraints the slice-to-volume alignment problem. This is incorporated into an explicit model of motion dynamics that handles continuous and large subject motion in robust DCI reconstruction. Results We applied the proposed technique, called Motion Tracking based on Simultanous Multislice Registration (MT-SMR) to multi b-value SMS diffusion-weighted brain MRI of healthy volunteers and motion-corrupted scans of 20 pediatric subjects. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation based on fractional anisotropy in unidirectional fiber regions, and DCI in crossing-fiber regions show robust reconstruction in the presence of motion. Conclusion The proposed approach has the potential to extend routine use of SMS DCI in very challenging populations, such as young children, newborns, and non-cooperative patients.
Reconstructing Athletic Identity: College Athletes and Sport Retirement

This phenomenological study examines the transition out of sport for former college athletes from revenue-producing sports. Previous studies present mixed results on factors that impact this transi...
The disintegration of lean manufacturing and lean management

Abstract Lean management—in manufacturing, supply chains, healthcare, services—has lost its way. Telling evidence of lean’s dissolution shows up for inventory-intensive organizations in the form of worsening inventory numbers. My research of financial records of more than 1,500 global companies over 15 years shows growing inventories since the turn of the 21st century. Reduction of inventory is a concrete and visual marker of leanness and quicker customer response, while inventory growth is one of the more salient factors that degrades financial health. As to what has gone wrong with lean, the answer is nearly everything: ambiguous terms and concepts, trivializing the essence, botching the basics, going through the motions, analysis paralysis, puffery masking action, abetting organizational silos, discontinuity, and losing interest. This article addresses these in more specific terms with reference to key outcome measures, especially those most customer-relevant.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE TELLUROMETER

A modification of the Tellurometer permits operation in heavily wooded areas without the necessity of cutting survey lines. It involves separating the radio antenna from the instrument by two cable...
Acute Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure in a Heart Transplant Patient: Too Sugar, Too Bad

Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (CMP) is an under-recognized type of CHF with a prevalence of 1.1%. Heart transplantation (HT) patients are at risk of developing de novo or worsening diabetes mellitus (DM) secondary to their immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, they are at risk of having diabetic CMP. We present a case of a patient with HT who presented with acute decompensated CHF (ADCHF) secondary to uncontrolled DM. Case A 43-year-old male with a medical history of ischemic cardiomyopathy (EF of 5-10%) status post HT [EF of 50-55% with normal right ventricular (RV) function via TTE 6 months ago], DM type II, CKD stage III who presented with progressive shortness of breath and leg swelling. His immunosuppressive therapy included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Labs showed BNP of 30000 pg/mL, Cr 2.1 mg/dL, blood glucose > 600 mg/dL, and Hb A1C 14. TTE showed a significant reduction in EF to 5-10% with moderate to severe RV dysfunction. The patient was started on milrinone infusion, insulin infusion, and IV diuresis. Left heart cath (LHC) showed mild luminal irregularities without significant coronary stenoses. Right heart cath (RHC) on milrinone showed RA 23, RV 50/11, PA 54/32, PCWP 29 mmHg, CO 4.2 L/min, CI 2.1 L/min/m2. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) revealed no acute cellular or humoral rejection. The patient was diagnosed with ADCHF secondary to diabetic CMP secondary to uncontrolled DM. He improved clinically during his hospital stay. His insulin regimen was adjusted and he was discharged to follow up with HF and Endocrinology. Discussion In our patient, the initial diagnostic work-up (LHC, RHC, and EMB) aimed to investigate cardiac allograft vasculopathy and acute allograft rejection, the two most common causes of ADCHF in HT patients. However, after excluding these conditions, patient's poorly controlled DM with HbA1C of 14 led to diagnosing him diabetic CMP. During the follow-up period, patient's DM became under better control with Hb A1C of 6-7 which resulted in an improvement in his EF to 30-40% (after 4 months) and to 50-55% (after 7 months). Figure 1 demonstrates the fluctuation of patient's ejection fraction before and after his HT along with his highest Hb A1C levels. As shown, periods of poorly controlled DM were associated with lower EF. Conclusion Diabetic CMP is an under-recognized type of CHF. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a low threshold of suspicion. As demonstrated in our case, attaining better DM control in patients with diabetic CMP results in an improvement in their cardiac function.
Electroacoustic evaluation of pediatric-focused hearing assistive devices/systems in different digital signal transmission arrangements

Pediatric-focused hearing assistive devices/systems (HADS) are intended to facilitate hearing by providing amplification of an acoustic signal and/or improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for children with hearing loss. Digital modulated (DM) signal transmission systems operate on a 2.4 GHz bandwidth and transmit signals directly from the speaker to the listener. Little is known about changes in electroacoustic performance of the hearing aid when receiving digital transmitted signals. The purpose of this study was to examine the electroacoustic characteristics of pediatric-focused HADS in three digital transmission arrangements with two transmitters and two behind-the-ear hearing aids. The three arrangements included (1) direct audio input (2) proprietary digital streaming, and (3) induction loop. Comparisons were made per ANSI/ASA S3.47 standard for measurement of HADS as well as the electroacoustic transparency based on 2011 American Academy of Audiology Clinical Practice Guidelines. Electroacoustic analysis across HADS in different digital transmission arrangements revealed variable results. Adjustments were necessary for some arrangements for optimal signal transmission. This supports the critical need of electroacoustic evaluation for HADS.Pediatric-focused hearing assistive devices/systems (HADS) are intended to facilitate hearing by providing amplification of an acoustic signal and/or improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for children with hearing loss. Digital modulated (DM) signal transmission systems operate on a 2.4 GHz bandwidth and transmit signals directly from the speaker to the listener. Little is known about changes in electroacoustic performance of the hearing aid when receiving digital transmitted signals. The purpose of this study was to examine the electroacoustic characteristics of pediatric-focused HADS in three digital transmission arrangements with two transmitters and two behind-the-ear hearing aids. The three arrangements included (1) direct audio input (2) proprietary digital streaming, and (3) induction loop. Comparisons were made per ANSI/ASA S3.47 standard for measurement of HADS as well as the electroacoustic transparency based on 2011 American Academy of Audiology Clinical Practice Guidelines. Electroacoustic...
Identifying and Applying for Funding

In the current environment of dwindling national level funding, the need to properly identify and successful apply for funding is ever more critical. Armed with your research strategy, assuring that the funding source aligns with your strategy and not vice-versa is critical. Diligence in reading the announcement or solicitation carefully is important to assure qualification status, time-lines, budget allowance, and many other critical factors. Involvement of a program manager and editorial team is important with increasing chances of success.
Site-averaged kinetics for catalysts on amorphous supports: an importance learning algorithm

Ab initio calculations have greatly advanced our understanding of homogeneous catalysts and crystalline heterogeneous catalysts. In contrast, amorphous heterogeneous catalysts remain poorly understood. The principal difficulties include (i) the nature of the disorder is quenched and unknown; (ii) each active site has a different local environment and activity; (iii) active sites are rare, often less than ∼20% of potential sites, depending on the catalyst and its preparation method. Few (if any) studies of amorphous heterogeneous catalysts have ever attempted to compute site-averaged kinetics, because the exponential dependence on variable activation energy requires an intractable number of ab initio calculations to converge. We present a new algorithm using machine learning techniques (metric learning kernel regression) and importance sampling to efficiently learn the distribution of activation energies. We demonstrate the algorithm by computing the site-averaged activity for a model amorphous catalyst with quenched disorder.
Extensive financial hardship among gynecologic cancer patients starting a new line of therapy.

Abstract Objective Our objective was to evaluate the three domains of financial hardship (psychological response, material conditions, and coping behaviors) among gynecologic cancer patients receiving treatment. Methods We conducted a single-institution survey of gynecologic cancer patients starting a new line of therapy for primary or recurrent disease. Psychological response was measured using Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity, with score Results Among 121 participants, the mean age was 59 years, 28% were African-American, 50% reported income Conclusions Financial distress affects over half of gynecologic cancer patients starting a new line of treatment and is associated with material hardship. Younger age and lower income can be used to identify patients at increased risk.
The role of ternary alloying elements in eutectoid transformation of U-10Mo alloy part II. In and Ex-situ Neutron diffraction-based assessment of eutectoid phase transformation kinetics in U-9.8Mo-0.2X alloy (X = Cr, Ni or Co)

Abstract Exploring the effects of minor ternary alloying additions, typically impurity elements, on the phase stability of U–10Mo is important for preventing undesirable phase decomposition during processing or during service. This work examines the influence small ternary additions of Cr, Ni, and Co. Both in-situ and ex-situ neutron diffraction measurements made during and after high temperature (450–525 °C) exposures were used to better define the influence of these elements on the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) behavior of U–10Mo, providing information which is complementary to electron microscopy investigations of the same alloy systems performed in the first part of this work. Minor additions of Ni and Co decrease the γ-phase stability at all temperatures investigated. Signatures of U6X (X = Ni or Co) compounds were shown to be present in amounts of up to 6 wt% in the heat treated alloys, suggesting that the initial precipitation of this phase may catalyze further γ-phase decomposition. On the other hand, the Cr containing alloys were observed to have nearly the same, and in some cases slower, phase transformation kinetics when compared to the binary U–10Mo control samples. The results of the study have enabled preliminary estimates of the TTT curves for the ternary alloys.
New York City as ‘fortress of solitude’ after Hurricane Sandy: a relational sociology of extreme weather’s relationship to climate politics

How did New York City’s climate politics change after Hurricane Sandy, and why? Prevailing accounts of extreme weather’s impact on climate politics draw on survey data and characterize climate poli...
A Serum C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin-Based Risk Score to Predict Urinary Infection in Patients with Obstructive Urolithiasis Undergoing Decompression.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a risk score utilizing C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin to better predict a clinical infection for patients with obstructive urolithiasis. ...
Psychoanalytic Theory: The Case of Emma

This chapter seeks to describe and explain several foundational concepts that are used in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (i.e., applied psychoanalysis). Those concepts are the psychoanalytic cause, the unconscious, repression, repetition, drives, jouissance, transference, negations, now moments, and constructions. After describing and explaining these concepts, I outline a case of an adolescent with significant self-injury, which I worked with for several years. The case material presented covers roughly the first two-and-a-half years of psychoanalytic therapy, during which I typically saw the patient two times per week. The chapter concludes by applying the psychoanalytic concepts and illustrating specific techniques, including psychoanalytic re-description offered at key moments in the therapeutic process, that help the patient become more aware of her repressed unconscious desires.
The Role of Physician Professional Networks in Physicians’ Receipt of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Industries’ Payments

Financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical and medical device industries are common, but the factors associated with physicians receiving payments are unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of physicians’ professional networks’ characteristics on the receipt of payments among physicians. Network analysis of cross-sectional data US physicians who shared Medicare patients with other physicians in 2015 (N=357,813). Proportion of a physician’s professional network that received industry payments and other network characteristics including number of physician connections, how central the physician is within the network, and the tightness of the referral network in which a physician is located. Relative risk of receiving industry payments. We used modified Poisson regression to control for confounding by gender, time since graduation, practice size, and practice setting (teaching hospital vs. not). We included dummy variables for specialty and hospital referral region level. The proportion of a physician’s peers in their professional network that received payments was strongly associated with receipt of pharmaceutical or device industry payments by the physician (top vs bottom quartile aRR=1.28, 95%CI=1.25–1.31). Physician’s centrality within a network had a small positive effect on receiving payment (top vs bottom quartile aRR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01–1.04). Network density also had a small negative association with receipt of payment (top vs bottom quartile aRR=0.97, 95%CI=0.96–0.98). Network characteristics, particularly the receipt of payments among physicians one shares patients with, are associated with whether a physician receives payments. This finding has implications for institutional regulation of industry payments to physicians and demonstrates how institutional policy may impact not only the physicians within the institution but also physicians outside of the institution.
Report on the SIM photometry and radiometry Key comparison of spectral regular transmittance

This report details the results of the Inter-American Metrology System (SIM) key comparison on regular spectral transmittance (SIM.PR-K6.2010). Eight national metrology institutes participated in the comparison, which covered the spectral range from 380 nm to 1000 nm and the nominal transmittance range from 0.1 % to 90 % transmittance. The protocol mirrored that of the key comparison conducted by the Consultative Committee on Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR-K6.2010). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the pilot. Each participant received a single set of 5 comparison (neutral density) filters to measure. The pilot measured all sets before and after the participant measurements. All measurements were completed between December 2016 and February 2018. The results of this comparison were linked to the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of the CCPR comparison and are expressed in terms of degrees of equivalence. While most of the participants can adequately measure spectral regular transmittance and evaluate its uncertainty, there are some cases of non-equivalence that will require further investigation on the part of the participants.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The rank of elliptic curves with rational 2-torsion points over large fields

Let K be a number field, K an algebraic closure of K, G K the absolute Galois group Gal(K/K), K ab the maximal abelian extension of K and E/K an elliptic curve defined over K. In this paper, we prove that if all 2-torsion points of E/K are K-rational, then for each σ ∈ G K , E((K ab ) σ ) has infinite rank, and hence E(K σ ) has infinite rank.
Active vision and virtual reality

The experienced quality of virtual reality is currently limited by available computational resources, and will be for some time to come. It is essential that these limited resources not be wasted on the acquisition and processing of data that do not contribute significantly to the final percept. Efficient construction of the intermediate views that are the basis of some forms of virtual reality (telepresence) depends on the proper selection of the acquired views. A fixed array of sensors that afford adequate resolution over the entire scene can present a prohibitive cost in bandwidth and computation while complete sensor mobility is technically difficult to achieve without becoming unacceptably intrusive. Active vision provides a mechanism of effective and efficient resource allocation in the transformation of real scenes into virtual ones. The use of electronic cameras and lenses mounted on positionable platforms (pan and tilt) that can track objects of interest, maintain sharp focus on salient surfaces and zoom in on regions of interest can provide the functional equivalence of a much larger array of fixed sensors.
Tau isoform profile and phosphorylation state in dementia pugilistica recapitulate Alzheimer's disease

Insights into mechanisms of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) caused by genetic mutations have emerged rapidly compared to sporadic AD. Indeed, despite identification of several sporadic AD risk factors, it remains enigmatic how or why they predispose to neurodegenerative disease. For example, traumatic brain injury (TBI) predisposes to AD, and recurrent TBI in career boxers may cause a progressive memory disorder associated with AD-like brain pathology known as dementia pugilistica (DP). Although the reasons for this are unknown, repeated TBI may cause DP by mechanisms similar to those involved in AD. To investigate this possibility, we compared the molecular profile of tau pathologies in DP with those in AD and showed that the same tau epitopes map to filamentous tau inclusions in AD and DP brains, while the abnormal tau proteins isolated from DP brains are indistinguishable from the six abnormally phosphorylated brain tau isoforms in AD brains. Thus, these data suggest that recurrent TBI may cause DP by activating pathological mechanisms similar to those that cause brain degeneration due to accumulations of filamentous tau lesions in AD, and similar, albeit attenuated, activation of these processes by a single TBI may increase susceptibility to sporadic AD decades after the event.
Cloning and characterization of deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) cytokine and chemokine cDNAs

Sin Nombre virus (SNV) establishes a persistent infection in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. A strong antibody response occurs in response to SNV infection, but the role of the innate immune response is unclear. To address this issue, we have initiated an effort to identify and characterize deer mouse cytokine and chemokine genes. Such cytokines and chemokines are involved in various aspects of immunity, including the transition from innate to adaptive responses, type I and type II responses, recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, and production of mature cells from bone marrow progenitors. We established a colony of SNV antibody-negative deer mice and cloned 11 cytokine and chemokine partial cDNA sequences using directed PCR. Most of the deer mouse sequences were highly conserved with orthologous sequences from other rodent species and functional domains were identified in each putative polypeptide. The availability of these sequences will allow the examination of the role of these cytokines in deer mouse responses to infection with Sin Nombre virus.
The effect of July admission on inpatient outcomes following spinal surgery

Object The presence of a “July effect,” where the influx of new residents and fellows at teaching hospitals every July may negatively affect patient care and outcomes, is widely debated. The authors used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all cases of spinal surgery and examine outcomes among patients who underwent surgery in July compared with those who underwent surgery in other months. Methods Spinal surgery hospitalizations from 2001 to 2008 were identified in the NIS by extracting relevant ICD-9 codes. Rates of in-hospital mortality, discharge to a long-term care facility, and postoperative complications were compared between admission months and between teaching and nonteaching hospitals using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fisher exact test, and multivariate regression analysis. Results Compared with patients admitted in other months, patients who were admitted to teaching hospitals in July for spinal surgery showed a similar likelihood of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.78–1.1...
Qualitative Research in Management: A Decade of Progress

Approximately 10 years ago, Lee et al. reviewed the qualitative methods published during 1979–99 in the major US journals in the organizational sciences. This ten-year follow-up review of 198 qualitative articles assesses the progress made in qualitative research in management by specifically considering: (1) the strength and legitimacy of recent publications that challenge any positivistic stigmatizations of qualitative research; (2) the methodological advances in qualitative methods, including the use and elucidation of novel techniques; and (3) the general contribution of qualitative research to the accumulation of management knowledge. By encompassing both US and European journals in our review, we also compare and contrast the qualitative research published on both sides of the Atlantic, stressing what each can learn from the other. We highlight exemplary articles and procedures and make recommendations for the next decade of qualitative research in management.
Nonuniform Lower Bounds for Exponential Time Classes

Lower bounds for the first levels of the exponential time hierarchy with respect to circuit and advice classes are studied. Using time bounded Kolmogorov complexity, languages are constructed which witness that various exponential time classes are not included in (fixed) polynomial advice classes. We show as well that these languages are not included in small circuit families where the circuits are of a fixed, polynomial size. The results yield optimal bounds (up to relativization) on efficient nonuniform computation.
A Revised Classification of the Rodents

Of all the orders of mammals, the rodents are the most inadequately understood taxonomically. Almost everyone who has worked with the rodents is in agreement that the current classification is inadequate. But, at least partly because of the large number of different forms belonging to this order, there is no general agreement as to what is wrong with the present arrangement or what should be done to improve it. The present author has been thinking about this problem for a considerable period, and had hoped to be able to present a consistent revision of the subordinal classification, with adequate documentation. However, it seems apparent that it will be a long time, if ever, before anyone will have been able to acquire a first-hand knowledge of all of the members of this order, and therefore the suggested arrangement in this paper is merely presented as a basis for further discussion by others who are interested in this order, in hopes that this will contribute to a better understanding of the problems of rodent taxonomy and a closer approach to a realistic classification. There seem to be two general philosophies underlying current classifications. Nearly everyone accepts the theoretical ideal that a classification should reflect the underlying relationships of the animals involved. But it is not always possible to agree on the criteria that should be used to interpret the relationships. An attempt to use this principle is exemplified by Simpson (1945). The difficulty with using relationships of the organisms involved is that there are always some forms of uncertain relationships. These must either be assigned a position in the classification in a more or less arbitrary manner, or they must be left incertae sedis . While this latter method gives the most adequate picture of the relationships of the forms involved, …
Confidence and Accuracy as a Function of Experience in Judgment-Making in the Absence of Systematic Feedback

This study investigated the variables of confidence and accuracy as a function of experience in the absence of systematic feedback. It was hypothesized that confidence was an increasing function of experience in the absence of systematic feedback. 94 undergraduates in psychology and biology responded to 5 questionnaires composed of 10 items each comparing geometric measures of simple designs. Ss also rated confidence for each response. The administrations of these questionnaires were separated in time by 2 or 3 days. Ss were given no feedback regarding their performance. Results supported the hypothesis: confidence increased with experience, although accuracy did not, in the absence of feedback. There was no relationship between accuracy and confidence considered across Ss.
Proton-Sponge-Initiated Reactions of 6,8-Dicarba-arachno-nonaborane(13) and 6,7-Dicarba-arachno-nonaborane(13) with Methyl Propynoate: One-Step Syntheses of the 6-(MeOOCCH2)-5,6,7-Tricarba-arachno-decaborane(12) and 6-(MeOOCCH2)-5,6,10-Tricarba-nido-decaborane(10) Tricarbaboranes

The reaction of arachno-6,8-C2B7H13 (1) with methyl propynoate in the presence of only 0.1 equivalent of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (Proton Sponge®, PS) results in the one-step formation of the neutral tricarbaborane 6-(MeOOCCH2)-arachno-5,6,7-C3B7H12 (2). Similarly, only 0.1 equivalent of PS initiates the reaction of the isomeric arachno-6,7-C2B7H13 (3) carborane with methyl propynoate to yield the new tricarbaborane, 6-(MeOOCCH2)-nido-5,6,10-C3B7H10 (4). These results suggest a cyclic reaction sequence involving initial deprotonation of the starting dicarbaborane by PS, followed by reaction of the resulting anion with methyl propynoate to produce a new anion. Protonation of this second anion by another equivalent of the starting dicarbaborane then produces the final neutral tricarbaborane product and the cycle begins again. While 4 is unreactive toward NaH or KH, it readily added n-BuLi to give, following acidification with HCl-Et2O, a new product tentatively identified as 6-(MeOOCCH2)-Bu-arachno-5,6,10-C3B7H11 (6). The proposed structures of 4 and 6 are strongly supported by ab initio/IGLO nuclear shielding calculations.
High-impedance voltage bias circuit for MOS amplifiers

An MOS integrated circuit that delivers an equal DC bias voltage to several independent nodes through impedances in the range 10/sup 10/-10/sup 12/ /spl Omega/ is reported. One application of this circuit is that of providing bias to each stage of an iterative stage amplifier where high impedance is desired to allow small coupling capacitors between stages.
Plant Embryogenesis: Zygote to Seed

Most differentiation events in higher plants occur continuously in the postembryonic adult phase of the life cycle. Embryogenesis in plants, therefore, is concerned primarily with establishing the basic shoot-root body pattern of the plant and accumulating food reserves that will be used by the germinating seedling after a period of embryonic dormancy within the seed. Recent genetics studies in Arabidopsis have identified genes that provide new insight into how embryos form during plant development. These studies, and others using molecular approaches, are beginning to reveal the underlying processes that control plant embryogenesis.
Optical Visualization of Nonlinear Pattern Dynamics in Biological Systems

The development of voltage-sensitive and ion-specific organic dyes has revolutionized the visualization of complex spatio-temporal patterns in biological systems. I will review how these tools can be used to visual dynamics of the heart.
Market Reforms, Technocrats, and Institutional Innovation

Abstract Successful market reform projects require significant revision of government agencies, institutional arrangements, and policy-making procedures, in part, to provide reformers autonomy from countervailing pressures. This paper examines how such innovations facilitated reforms in Mexico and Argentina. It finds executive leadership helped facilitate institutional change, but that technocrat policymakers played more crucial roles than previously documented. Through rule-changing, instrument-creating, and strategizing behaviors, they helped engineer their own autonomy and gained control of the policy agenda by changing the organization of decision making, and the position they occupied in the bureaucracy. These findings hold across distinct policy arenas and political systems.
The biosynthesis of isotope hybrid proteins for high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies by incorporation of [1H]amino acids into fully deuterated algae.

Abstract Procedures are described that enable algae growing in 99.8% 2 H 2 O to utilize exogenous [ 1 H]amino acids for the biosynthesis of cellular components to form isotope hybrid proteins. [ 1 H]Amino acids (leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, and tyrosine) are thus incorporated into otherwise fully denterated protein to yield isotope hybrid proteins that promise to be of considerable use in nuclear magnetic resonance studies of proteins and enzymes. Unusual isotope hybrid cellular components, as for example, chlorophyll containing 1 H only in the carbomethoxy group, have also been isolated.
Molecular Mechanism of Interfacial Adsorption of Disordered Cytoplasmic Tail of Immune Receptors to Membrane

Important immune responses are linked to Src-mediated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs (ITAMs). However, the mechanism of how receptor ligation translates into ITAM phosphorylation remains elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamic simulations to explore the potential regulatory involvement of lipid membranes and their influence on the structure and behavior of the cytoplasmic portion of the CD3ɛ chain of the T-cell receptor. It has been hypothesized that the accessibility of ITAM motifs, such as those in the CD3ɛ cytoplasmic tail, can be blocked by ionic interactions between positively charged amino acids in receptor tails and negatively charged lipid head groups. This interesting hypothesis represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for control of receptor activation. Our simulations support the notion that the net charge of the lipids present in the membrane can affect peptide-membrane interactions. Results are consistent with experimental findings that show increase interfacial absorption in negatively charged lipid bilayer. Our simulations revealed the conformational variability of the disordered tail, which led to an additional focus on quantifying the interaction by free energy calculations, combined with long time-scale simulations using coarse-grained (CG) approaches. These studies will be extended to address how changes in ionic conditions can modulate phosphorylation of ITAM motifs and lead to regulation of activation of the TCR and other ITAM-bearing immunoreceptors.
Effect of terminal non-homology on intramolecular recombination of linear plasmid substrates in Escherichia coli

Circular dimer plasmids linearized with a restriction endonuclease undergo intramolecular recombination to yield recombinant circular monomers at high efficiency by a recA-independent mechanism in Escherichia coli recB recC sbcA mutants. The rate of this reaction is at least 1000-fold higher than the recombination rate observed for circular plasmid recombination substrates in the same mutants. Three potential models have been previously proposed to explain the recombination events observed. The validity of these models was tested in recA recB recC sbcA mutants using additional recombination substrates. These substrates, when linearized by incubation with an appropriate restriction enzyme, contain non-homologous adenovirus 2 DNA on one or both ends. The data indicate that terminal non-homology does not significantly affect the efficiency of recovering recombinants. In contrast to many recombination models proposed that involve the invasion of homologous duplex DNA by single-stranded DNA ends, the intramolecular recombination reaction studied here does not appear to involve direct pairing from the end(s) of the substrate DNA. Furthermore, the results are consistent with a model proposing that pairing and strand exchange occur between two homologous duplex regions within the linear dimer molecule.
Connected, Committed and Social?: The Consequences of Computing for Relationships

Digital technologies are increasingly an ubiquitous part of everyday communication. These technologies offer contact with friends and family that is both persistent and pervasive. Social ties that at one time would have gone dormant, or vanished entirely, are now made persistent through social media. As we transition through different jobs, neighborhoods, schools, and communities our social ties remain. Contact is no longer reliant on the occasional phone call and holiday card, but has a persistent presence on our screens and through our mobile devices. What are the benefits and the consequences of being connected? Are our relationships more committed? What impact will these emerging developments in computing have for society? It has been said that these technologies offer new opportunities for democratic participation, that they support collective action, and give marginalized individuals a voice. Social capital, once lost through the dormancy of ties, hidden as a result of infrequent contact, can be made visible through the persistent and pervasive nature of these new media. Yet, the practice of social media may not live up to its hype; they may contribute to social isolation, stress, and disengagement. Based on a series of large-scale studies of where people connect, who they connect with, and what they discuss, this presentation explores contradictory evidence of how digital technologies are related to social capital, democratic engagement, and the fear and joy that we may all be missing out.
Changes in Outcome for Extremely Preterm Infants at Age Four Years. 166

Background: Changes in survival, hospital morbidities and developmental outcome of extremely preterm infants were assessed prospectively by comparing the outcomes of two cohorts of infants born at 23-27 weeks' gestation.
Growth morphology and corrosion resistance of magnetron sputtered Cr films

Abstract Chromium (Cr) films are commonly used as corrosion-resistant coatings because they form a passive protective scale. The film morphology and microstructure are important aspects of corrosion resistance. This paper presents growth mechanisms and morphologies of these films to provide insight into correlation between microstructure and corrosion resistance. Thin films of Cr were deposited on silicon wafers, and AISI 1018 carbon steel substrates using a plasma-enhanced magnetron sputtering technique. A tungsten filament was used to produce a plasma that enhances ion bombardment on the workpiece during the magnetron sputter deposition process. The deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film growth morphology and microstructure are correlated with sample orientation (with respect to the magnetron) and the deposition parameters. One important deposition parameter affecting Cr film properties is the level of plasma ion bombardment. This investigation demonstrated that at a low level of ion bombardment, a columnar structure is formed with large column widths resulting in a film that is discontinuous. As the level of ion bombardment increases, the films become denser and more continuous. Using the filament induced plasma enhancement method, a fully dense chromium film without indication of columnar structure was achieved. The corrosion behavior of the deposited films was studied using potentiodynamic polarization techniques. This study demonstrated that adequate ion bombardment is necessary to achieve good corrosion resistance.
Case managers' perspectives on the therapeutic alliance: a qualitative study.

In order to understand the nature of the therapeutic alliance in intensive case management, this study used qualitative methods to assess the dynamics of the case managers’ relationships with their consumers by examining their perspectives on their own and their consumers’ likeability, how helpful consumers perceive them to be, as well as their expectations for their relationships with their consumers. The study employed content analysis of open-ended responses from 49 intensive case managers about their consumers. From case managers’ responses, four themes emerged describing the dynamics of the case manager/consumer relationship: motivation, monitoring, creating dependency, and being there. The current qualitative findings suggest that current constructions and measures of the therapeutic alliance developed in psychotherapy research are not fully capturing the ways in which the unique structure and constraints of intensive case management influence relationships between workers and consumers.
Regulation of Aldosterone Biosynthesis by the Kir3.4 (KCNJ5) Potassium Channel

The G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir3.4 is expressed in the zona glomerulosa cell membrane and transports potassium out of the cell. Angiotensin II stimulation of aldosterone secretion is mediated, in part, by suppression of the transcription of KCNJ5, the gene coding for Kir3.4, and blocking channel activity. This results in membrane depolarization, mobilization of intracellular calcium, activation of the calcium-calmodulin pathway and increasing gene transcription of steroidogenic enzymes required for aldosterone secretion. In 40-60% of aldosterone-producing adenomas there is a somatic mutation in the region of the KCNJ5 gene that codes for the selectivity filter that decreases potassium selectivity, allowing sodium to leak into the cells, thus depolarizing the membrane and initiating events that result in increased aldosterone synthesis. The mechanism by which mutated KCNJ5 induces cell proliferation and adenoma formation remains unclear.