cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategy for the Integration of PLZT Thin Films on Base-Metal Foils for High Voltage Embedded Passives

Evolution of electronic devices towards higher performance and smaller size requires the passive components to be embedded within a printed wire board (PWB). A “film-on-foil” approach is the most viable fabrication method. A high permittivity of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin film was coated on nickel foil by chemical solution deposition. Such a prefabricated capacitor sheet can be embedded into a PWB. However, formation of a parasitic low-permittivity interfacial layer of nickel oxide during thermal processing of the PLZT films considerably reduces the capacitance density. To eliminate this parasitic effect, conductive buffer layer of lanthanum nickel oxide (LNO) was coated by chemical solution deposition on nickel foil. We produced PLZT film-on-foil capacitors with capacitance densities as high as 1.5 μF/cm 2 and breakdown field strength >1.4 MV/cm. With the desirable volumetric character, PLZT film-on-foil capacitors hold particular promise for use in high voltage embedded passives.
Perioperative management of total parenteral nutrition, glucose containing solutions, and intraoperative glucose monitoring in paediatric patients: a survey of clinical practice

Infants and children, particularly those who are chronically ill and maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), are at risk for perioperative hypoglycaemia [blood glucose 11 mmol x l(-1) (200 mg x dl(-1))]. We surveyed paediatric anaesthesiologists regarding their perioperative management of blood glucose and TPN in paediatric patients to determine the current practice and its perceived success. Questionnaires were mailed to all members of the Study Group on Pediatric Anesthesia and the response rate was 70%. Results indicate that the current perioperative management of blood glucose and TPN is somewhat varied. Furthermore, greater than 10% of those surveyed report that their management results in a variable response in the maintenance of normoglycaemia. While the detrimental effects of perioperative hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are rare, they are serious. A Medline search shows that no studies have been published regarding perioperative management of paediatric patients receiving TPN, although it appears that clinical study is warranted.
Social Basis of Learning: From Small-Group Learning to Learning Communities.

The social basis of learning is a concept that has been embraced by the higher educating community. Since the 1980s, there has been exciting growth and the development of specific practices that better engage students in academic content.
Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates.

What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has occurred in two distantly related mammalian taxa. One of these is the order Cetacea (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and the other is our own order Primates, and in particular the suborder anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans). Despite a deep evolutionary divergence, adaptation to physically dissimilar environments, and very different neuroanatomical organization, some primates and cetaceans show striking convergence in social behavior, artificial 'language' comprehension, and self-recognition ability. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the generality and specificity of those processes that underlie cognition in different species and the nature of the evolution of intelligence.
Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin According to Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Biomarker-Stratified Randomized Phase II Trial

Purpose We investigated whether thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a predictive marker for the clinical outcome of pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer. Patients and Methods Eligible patients were tested for TS expression by immunohistochemistry and stratified into either a TS-negative or a TS-positive group. After stratification, patients in each group were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either pemetrexed/cisplatin or gemcitabine/cisplatin for a maximum of six cycles until disease progression. The primary end point was evaluation of the interaction between TS groups and treatment allocation for objective response rate. Results Of 321 enrolled patients with nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer, 315 received at least one dose of study chemotherapy and were analyzed. By investigator assessment, response rates were 47% for the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm and 21% for the gemcitabine/cisplatin arm in the TS-negative group and 40% and 39%, respectively, for ...
Ischemic Conditioning as an Adjunct to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Since its original description in 1986 by Murry et al,1 the ability to condition, or protect, the heart from a lethal episode of prolonged ischemia (followed by reperfusion) has represented both an opportunity and a challenge to the many experimentalists, clinicians, and translationalists engaged in the struggle to reduce the risk of death and disability resulting from spontaneous (acute coronary syndromes) and procedurally associated (coronary artery bypass surgery, catheter-based coronary revascularization) myocardial ischemia. The potential to mitigate myocardial injury or death resulting from an ischemic insult is the opportunity. The inability to fully, consistently, and effectively translate experimentally established reductions in myocardial injury or death to the bedside is the challenge.2 Throughout the 1970s and well into the 1980s, cardiovascular physiologists were intensively studying the sequence of events culminating in frank necrosis of heart muscle as the result of coronary arterial occlusion3 and the benefits and hazards of reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.4 Around this same time, developments in catheter-based coronary revascularization clearly established that brief periods of controlled occlusion of an obstructed coronary artery, followed by reperfusion (release of the occlusion), could safely relieve the obstruction without overt myocardial injury.5 Key aspects of this emerging treatment modality were (1) the sequential nature of the controlled occlusions; (2) the importance of a period of reperfusion between the occlusive episodes; and (3) the almost universal attenuated clinical and electrocardiographic response to the second (or subsequent) occlusion compared with the initial occlusion. In short order, this clinical model was widely studied and reproduced.6–11 In the first detailed coronary hemodynamic study of this model of controlled coronary occlusion in man, Deutsch et al6 showed that the second of two 90-second balloon occlusions separated by a 5-minute period of reperfusion was met with statistically significant reductions …
Modeling European agri-environmental measure of spatial impact in the region of Sardinia, Italy, through fuzzy clustering means

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how a spatial fuzzy clustering mean expands the knowledge of the European agri-environmental initiative impact, named Measure 214, in the Sardinia Region. While sketching out the geographic area covered by the measure for analysis and investigation using fcm is a fruitful approach, their integration with social and economic factors is an essential step in understanding agricultural growth and how it is influenced by environmental policy. This integrated approach shows how agri-environmental measures tend to develop in the region and, geographically, describes the spatial effects. Fuzzy clustering analysis demonstrates how decisions, whether they are related to the pursuit of policies moving towards the agri-environmental initiatives of organic farming and sustainable agriculture, or whether they concern ways of financing the measure’s activities, belong to the sphere of information, able to influence the new phase of agri-environmental financing and to keep it going. The spatial expansion of the measure all over the Region can help identify where the measure has taken root and in which directions it should be steered to achieve sustainable agri-environmental development in the area. Furthermore, the fuzzy cluster analysis highlights the relevance of the results, showing the policy direction that clusters should take in order to improve the measure’s effectiveness.
Electrohydrodynamic natural convection enhancement for isothermal, horizontal axisymmetric bodies immersed in quiescent liquid metals

Abstract In this article we have introduced a new approach to describe the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) natural convection enhancement for isothermal, horizontal axisymmetric bodies, which are immersed in a liquid metal under the effects of uniform electric fields. The approach is based on a class of power series expansions introduced by Saville and Churchill for free convection in laminar boundary layers. These power series expansions have been extended to analyze the average electric Nusselt number linked to low Prandtl number fluids when the leading, and the next-to-leading, order terms are included in the approximate calculation of the temperature and the stream velocity profiles. The obtained series solutions are universal with respect to body contours. As an example, we applied this approach to calculate the average electric Nusselt numbers for horizontal circular cylinders immersed in the low Prandtl number fluids. The most important outcome of this work is that when external electric fields are applied to liquid metals the average Nusselt number may be enhanced by up to 55% of the corresponding value inherent to free convection without external electric fields.
Mock pseudo-negotiations with surrogate disputants

S orne heated disputes are never negotiated and never resolvedthey just roll along. It is my contention that individuals, corporations and nations involved in such disputes often settle for outcomes that are far from efficient, 1 and that includes maintenance of the status quo. Why else do we currently have 40 or so small ''hot'' wars and a potential massive one looming on the horizon? Disputants often do not try to negotiate themselves out of undesirable situations because they can easily imagine their plight becoming even worse than it is. They cannot conceive of a brighter world for themselves that would also be acceptable to the "other sides." It may be possible, however, for an outside intervenor to demonstrate the value of negotiations to immovable disputants by developing a mock negotiation scenario involving situations not unlike those found in the real dispute. The outside intervenor I have in mind would be an analyst who is knowledgeable about negotiation and conflict resolution-possibly an academic researcher or a doctoral student. The intervenor would contribute to the resolution of the dispute by writing a highly structured report on mock, pseudo-negotiations involving surrogate disputants that is designed to influence the subsequent behavior of the real disputants. The five-part structure I propose for such a report is as follows:
Racial stereotypes and robbery

Abstract Robbery is a serious, widespread and sometimes violent crime resulting each year in costs to victims of several billion dollars. Data on the incidence of robbery reveals certain striking racial disparities. African-Americans are more likely to be victims, arrestees and prisoners than are members of other demographic groups, and while black-on-white robberies are very common, white-on-black robberies are extremely rare. The disparities for robbery are also much greater than those for other crimes of acquisition. We develop a model of robbery that attempts to address these and other stylized facts. Robberies are typically interactions between strangers that involve a sequence of rapid decisions with severely limited information. Potential offenders must assess the likelihood of victim resistance, and victims must assess the likelihood that resistance will be met with violence. Racial disparities in the distribution of income can cause such probability assessments to be race-contingent, affecting crime rates as well as rates of resistance and violence. We argue that this model helps account for several empirical regularities that appear puzzling from the perspective of alternative theories of crime.
Can Massachusetts pay for health care for all

Prologue: Many states and health policymakers nationwide are keeping a watchful eye on the Massachusetts plan to make health insurance affordable for all of its residents. Using a “pay or play” tax, the plan requires employers to either provide health insurance for their employees or pay a tax of up to $1,680 per full-time worker. Opponents fear that the state government will require new general revenues (in addition to the pay or play tax monies) to keep its promise of health care for all. Opponents also fear businesses will close and unemployment will worsen because employers may not be able to afford the new tax. In this article, however, Richard Kronick shows that Massachusetts can make affordable health insurance available to all state residents without needing new funds from general revenues. In addition, qualitative analysis suggests that the level of unemployment in the state will not be strongly affected by the pay or play tax. Despite the Bush administrations opposition to mandates for employer-...
The curled catheter: Dependable device for percutaneous peritoneal access

The curled peritoneal dialysis catheter is theoretically less prone to catheter migration and drainage failure. It also allows percutaneous placement, rather than surgical placement exclusively, whenever desired or necessary. Review of 213 curled-catheter placements, 134 (63%) percutaneous and 79 (37%) surgical, over the last 4 years, shows that the probability of continuing catheter function by life-table analysis was 88% at one year, 71% at 2 years, and 61% at three years, with no difference comparing percutaneous to surgical placement. Among the 213 total cases, nearly 50% of all catheters were still functioning at last follow up, and 38 catheters (17.8%) have been lost in total, attributed to infectious complications in 24 cases (tunnel-exit infection alone in 5, peritonitis alone in 11, combined infection in 8), refractory drain failure in 9 cases (early drain failure in 4, late drain failure in 5), recurrent late subcutaneous dialysate leaking in 3 cases, and peri-catheter hernia in 2 cases. Among other complications, the incidence of early drain failure (7.0%), and late drain failure (4.2%), compare favorably to reports describing other devices or other placement methods having comparable size of reported experience. Analyzing our own percutaneous and surgical placements separately, there were no differences in the respective frequencies of early drain failure, late drain failure, late subcutaneous dialysate leaking, outer cuff extrusion, required hernia repair, peritonitis or tunnel-exit infection. Only early external dialysate leaking was more frequent using percutaneous placement methods (21.6% vs. 10.1%; p less than 0.05), although no catheters were lost due to early external leaking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do Stock Prices Influence Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts?

We examine whether current-period stock prices influence analysts’ earnings forecasts. Using an experiment with financial analysts, we find that analysts updating their earnings forecasts in response to a management earnings forecast provide different forecasts depending on the stock price reaction to management’s forecast. Lower (higher) stock price leads to lower (higher) analysts’ forecasts. Further, we demonstrate that the influence of stock price on analysts’ forecasts is moderated by uncertainty about future earnings: higher earnings uncertainty increases the influence of stock price on analysts’ forecasts. Additional analyses indicate that this effect is mediated partially by analysts’ confidence in their forecasts and appears to be unintentional. Evidence from a follow-up survey, however, indicates that some professional analysts intentionally incorporate stock price information into their earnings forecasts. Overall, our evidence suggests that the association between prior security returns and analysts’ earnings forecasts documented in prior research is due, at least in part, to professional analysts incorporating stock price information, intentionally and unintentionally, into their earnings forecasts.
Acidosis differently modulates the inflammatory program in monocytes and macrophages

Inflammation, ischemia or the microenvironment of solid tumors is often accompanied by a reduction of extracellular pH (acidosis) that stresses the cells and acts on cellular signaling and transcription. The effect of acidosis on the expression of various inflammatory markers, on functional parameters (migration, phagocytic activity) and on signaling pathways involved was studied in monocytic cells and macrophages. In monocytic cell lines acidosis led to a reduction in expression of most of the inflammatory mediators, namely IL-1s, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, COX-2 and osteopontin. In primary human monocytes MCP-1 and TNF-α were reduced but COX-2 and IL-6 were increased. In RAW264.7 macrophage cell line IL-1s, COX-2 and iNOS expression was increased, whereas MCP-1 was reduced similar to the effect in monocytic cells. For primary human monocyte-derived macrophages the regulation of inflammatory markers by acidosis depended on activation state, except for the acidosis-induced downregulation of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Acidosis affected functional immune cell behavior when looking at phagocytic activity which was increased in a time-dependent manner, but cellular motility was not changed. Neither ERK1/2 nor CREB signaling was stimulated by the reduction of extracellular pH. However, p38 was activated by acidosis in RAW264.7 cells and this activation was critical for the induction of IL-1s, COX-2 and iNOS expression. In conclusion, acidosis may impede the recruitment of immune cells, but fosters inflammation when macrophages are present by increasing the level of COX-2 and iNOS and by functionally forcing up the phagocytic activity.
Direct Lateral Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in Turkeys

Abstract The lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys was studied in floor pens without the presence of Heterakis gallinarum. Battery-reared poults (120) were transferred at 2 wk of age to concrete-floored floor pens with fresh pine shavings litter (40/group). One group received no exposure. In other groups, either 10% or 25% of the birds were inoculated per cloaca with cultured H. meleagridis (200,000/bird) and placed in the pens as seeder birds. Inoculated birds died at 10–18 days postinfection (PI) showing typical liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis. Birds in the high-exposure group died of histomoniasis beginning 16 days PI and continuing to 100% mortality by day 23 PI. Birds in the low-exposure (LE) group died beginning on day 19 PI and continuing through day 31 PI. All but one LE bird alive on day 31 PI had severe liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis at necropsy. There was no evidence of histomoniasis in unexposed birds. No cecal worms (H. gallinarum) were found at necropsy...
Oxidation of LDL in baboons is increased by alcohol and attenuated by polyenylphosphatidylcholine

Alcohol taken in moderation may prevent athero- sclerosis, whereas heavy drinking has the opposite effect, in part by promoting oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL), a pathogenetic factor in atherogenesis. We assess here: 1 ) whether similar alterations can be reproduced in baboons fed 50% of energy as ethanol (the average intake of alcoholics) for 7-8 years, and 2 ) whether such alter- ations are affected by supplementation with polyenylphos- phatidylcholine (PPC), a mixture of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines, shown to prevent alcoholic fatty liver, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Ten animals were given the ethanol- containing diet and ten were pair-fed isocaloric control di- ets. In half of the pairs, the diets were supplemented with 2.8 g of polyenylphosphatidylcholine/1000 kcal. Alcohol feeding increased LDL-lipoperoxides and made LDL- proteins more negatively charged, changes that were attenu- ated or prevented by PPC. The oxidizability of LDL was determined in vitro by the formation of conjugated dienes after oxidation with copper. Alcohol shortened the lag time (which measures LDL antioxidant capacity); this effect was normalized by PPC supplementation. By contrast, PPC pro- duced no changes in the controls. Thus polyenylphosphati- dylcholine, by markedly attenuating the ethanol-induced increase in LDL oxidation, opposes one of the effects whereby alcohol promotes atherosclerosis. —Navder, K. P., E. Baraona, M. A. Leo, and C. S. Lieber. Oxidation of LDL in baboons is increased by alcohol and attenuated by poly- enylphosphatidylcholine. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 983-987.
Fouling of Geothermal Energy Systems

Like fouling problems in general [1–4], fouling remains as one of the key unresolved problems in geothermal energy applications. The major contributors to geothermal fouling are the scalings of silica and calcium carbonate [5,6]. This is as a result of the fact that silica is one of the primary components of the earth’s crust and so are calcium compounds in some areas.
A Parimutuel-Like Mechanism for Information Aggregation: A Field Test Inside Intel

A new Information Aggregation Mechanism (IAM), developed via laboratory experimental methods, is implemented inside Intel Corporation in a long-running field test. The IAM, incorporating features of pari-mutuel betting, is uniquely designed to collect and quantize as probability distributions dispersed, subjectively held information. IAM participants’ incentives support timely information revelation and the emergence of consensus beliefs over future outcomes. Empirical tests demonstrate the robustness of experimental results and the IAM’s practical usefulness in addressing real-world problems. The IAM’s predictive distributions forecasting sales are very accurate, especially for short horizons and direct sales channels, often proving more accurate than Intel’s internal forecast.
Conciliationism and merely possible disagreement

Conciliationism faces a challenge that has not been satisfactorily addressed. There are clear cases of epistemically significant merely possible disagreement, but there are also clear cases where merely possible disagreement is epistemically irrelevant. Conciliationists have not yet accounted for this asymmetry. In this paper, we propose that the asymmetry can be explained by positing a selection constraint on all cases of peer disagreement—whether actual or merely possible. If a peer’s opinion was not selected in accordance with the proposed constraint, then it lacks epistemic significance. This allows us to distinguish the epistemically significant cases of merely possible disagreement from the insignificant ones.
Portrayals of Masculinity in “Guy Movies” Exploring Viewer–Character Dissonance

Masculinity, an expression of sexual identity, is typically considered the enactment of male identity. The current analysis is a deductive summative content analysis of three popular “guy movies” u...
Complex Equilibrium of Laterally Curved Wakes

Three component velocity, turbulence and spectral measurements were made in the far wake of a two-dimensional circular cylinder and a circular cylinder of the same cross section bent so as to form a circular ring. The plane wake generated by the two-dimensional cylinder was used as a control case so that the effects of lateral curvature on the wake of the ring could be observed. The mean velocity and turbulence stress profiles of the plane wake rapidly reach a self-preserving state similar to that observed by previous researchers. Despite the extra length scale in the ring wake the mean velocity profile in this flow also achieves approximate selfsimilarity. However, the effects of lateral curvature are apparent in the growth rate of the ring wake and the slight asymmetry of its turbulence stress profiles. Approximate selfsimilarity is not achieved in the axial turbulence normal or shear stress profiles.
Optimization and Comparison of Multiple MALDI Matrix Application Methods for Small Molecule Mass Spectrometric Imaging

The matrix application technique is critical to the success of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) experiment. This work presents a systematic study aiming to evaluate three different matrix application techniques for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) of endogenous metabolites from legume plant, Medicago truncatula, root nodules. Airbrush, automatic sprayer, and sublimation matrix application methods were optimized individually for detection of metabolites in the positive ionization mode exploiting the two most widely used MALDI matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA). Analytical reproducibility and analyte diffusion were examined and compared side-by-side for each method. When using DHB, the optimized method developed for the automatic matrix sprayer system resulted in approximately double the number of metabolites detected when compared to sublimation and airbrush. The automatic sprayer method also showed more reproducible results and less analyte diffusion than the airbrush method. Sublimation matrix deposition yielded high spatial resolution and reproducibility but fewer analytes in the higher m/z range (500-1000 m/z). When the samples were placed in a humidity chamber after sublimation, there was enhanced detection of higher mass metabolites but increased analyte diffusion in the lower mass range. When using CHCA, the optimized automatic sprayer method and humidified sublimation method resulted in double the number of metabolites detected compared to standard airbrush method.
Multi-phenotypic Role of Serum Response Factor in the Gastrointestinal System

Serum response factor (SRF) is a master transcription factor of the actin cytoskeleton that binds to highly conserved CArG boxes located within the majority of smooth muscle cell (SMC)-restricted promoters/enhancers. Although most studies of SRF focus on skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and vascular SMCs, SRF research has recently expanded into the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Genome scale analyses of GI SMC transcriptome and CArG boxes (CArGome) have identified new SRF target genes. In addition to circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers, SRF is also expressed in GI mucosa and cancers. In the GI tract, SRF is the central regulator of genes involved in apoptosis, dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration of cells. Since SRF is the cell phenotypic modulator, it may play an essential role in the development of myopathy, hypertrophy, ulcers, gastric and colon cancers within the GI tract. Given the multifunctional role displayed by SRF in the digestive system, SRF has received more attention emerging as a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the findings in SRF research pertaining to the GI tract and provides valuable insight into future directions.
Peristatic solutions for finite one- and two-dimensional systems

Peridynamics is a nonlocal continuum mechanics theory where its governing equation has an integro-differential form. This paper specifically uses bond-based peridynamics. Typically, peridynamic problems are solved via numerical means, and analytical solutions are not as common. This paper analytically evaluates peristatics, the static version of peridynamics, for a finite one-dimensional rod as well as a special case for two dimensions. A numerical method is also implemented to confirm the analytical results.
The building of knowledge, language, and decision-making about climate change science: a cross-national program for secondary students

ABSTRACTThe United Nations’ declaration on climate change education in December 2014 has sparked a renewal of policies and programs initiated during the ‘Decade of Education for Sustainable Development’ (DESD, 2005–2014), aimed at promoting awareness, understanding, and civic action for environmental sustainability within learning communities all around the world. We present findings from a dialogic, multimodal, and literacies-based educational project designed to provide secondary students (N = 141) from four countries with the resources to read about and discuss evidence regarding climate change from seminal studies with peers and a core group of scientists (N = 7). Post-program interviews revealed a significant increase in language use related to evidence-based reasoning. Students also demonstrated an increased propensity to recycle. These findings support the hypothesis that providing opportunities for students to read and discuss seminal scientific sources incites positive changes in beliefs, attitud...
Analysis on the needs of malaria health education among migrant workers in Qiaocheng district of Bozhou city

Objective To learn suitable malaria health education content and forms for migrant workers so as to provide scientific basis for making intervention measures.Methods One administrative village was chosen from a town in which there was a high incidence of malaria.Totally 503 migrant workers were surveyed face to face with questionnaire about the needs of malaria health education.Results Total awareness rate of knowledge on prevention and treatment of malaria was 58.78%.The highest awareness rate of knowledge was ''the policy that malaria cases diagnosed definitely were treated free' '(91.65%).The lowest awareness rate of knowledge was ''falciparum malaria is life-threatening''(8.95%).The percentage of people who was willing to use mosquito net was 45.92%,''fever patient to see a doctor in time'' was 17.65%,''mosquito net handling by medicine '' was 2.98%.Source of knowledge on prevention and treatment of malaria,such as ''broadcast and television'',was not enough to meet the demand(P 0.01).The difference that attainable level compared with demand among different groups showed statistical significance(P 0.01).The expected sources of knowledge on prevention and treatment of malaria were ''explained by doctor'' and ''broadcast and television.Conclusions The level of knowledge on prevention and treatment of malaria among migrant workers was so low that health education should be strengthened to increase the awareness rate of malaria related knowledge.
Oil-film instability fault simulation on two rotor-bearing system models

Pertaining to the single-span double-disc rotor systems,the oil-film instability problem of highspeed sliding bearing often occurs.By considering the lumped mass of rotor systems with gyroscopic coupling effect,the lumped mass and finite element models are established.In details,the graphite selflubricating bearing and the sliding bearing are treated as the spring-damping model and the short-bearing non-linear oil-film force model,respectively.By the 3Dspectral diagram,axle-center track and frequency spectral diagram,the oil-film instability rules and complicated non-linear dynamic properties of bespoke models are analyzed and compared under different working conditions,e.g.the same and reverse eccentricities of two discs.Accordingly,it is found from simulation results that the oil-film instability can excite the complicated combination of rotary and instability frequencies.Compared with the same eccentricity,the reverse eccentricity will accelerate the instability speed.In addition,the second-order oilfilm oscillation,along with the combined frequency components regarding the first two orders oil-film oscillation,is excited by higher rotary speeds.Moreover,the instability rotary speed from the finite element model is slightly lower than that from the lumped mass model.Therefore,this approach provides a reference to rotor oil-film instability mechanism and fault diagnosis.
Applying the Whole-Part-Whole Andragogy to Computing

The Whole-Part-Whole approach for designing learning experiences has been found to be very effective for adult learners. This poster describes two experiences with applying this approach to design computing courses.
Activity-Dependent Structural Plasticity of Dendritic Spines

Neuroscientists have long been fascinated by the problem of how memory is formed, stored, and recalled. Cellular models of learning and memory propose that morphological remodeling of existing synapses and the formation of new ones lead to enduring changes in neuronal networks. We discuss the evidence of activity-dependent structural plasticity of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, focusing on the effects of environmental enrichment, behavioral learning, and in vitro manipulations of neuronal activity leading to synaptic plasticity. We review the actions of neurotrophins and hormones on dendritic spines in the context of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Finally, we discuss the consequences of abnormal dendritic spines for cognition and learning and memory in disorders associated with mental retardation.
Improvement In Renal Function In Newly Diagnosed Myeloma Improves Survival, but Still Remains Inferior to Those with Normal Renal Function

Abstract 2970 Background: Over a quarter of patients (pts) with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) have some degree of renal insufficiency at the time of diagnosis. Multiple studies show that presence of renal failure is strong predictor of inferior overall survival in MM. With effective therapy, renal function improves in a considerable number of patients. It is not clear if the return of renal function to normal levels will improve their outcome to that expected for patients without renal dysfunction. Methods: We evaluated 1478 patients with newly diagnosed myeloma seen at Mayo Clinic within 90 days of diagnosis, between January 1999 and January 2009. We examined these patients for improvement in renal function and identified the lowest serum creatinine obtained during the disease course. The outcomes were analyzed with respect to the renal function improvements. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range; 22–93) and 50% were male. The median estimated follow up for the entire cohort was 53 months, with 781 patients alive at the time of analysis with a median follow of 3 years. The serum creatinine was over 1.5 mg/dL at diagnosis in 333 (22.5%) pts and over 2.5 mg/dL in 148 (10%) pts. The median overall survival for the 333 patients was 37 mos (95% CI; 28, 40) compared to 56 mos (95% CI; 51, 63) for those 1.5 mg/dl, any improvement in Cr was seen in 263 (79%) including an improvement of at least 0.5 mg/dL in 208 (62%) pts. Among the 263 pts with any improvement, the median time to lowest Cr was 4 months (range; 1–13). The median survival of the group of patients with Cr 1.5 mg/dL were 56., 40 and 27 mos respectively; P 2.5 mg/dL. The median OS for the 42 (out of 148 pts with Cr > 2.5 at diagnosis) who had improved to Conclusion: The results of this study point toward improved outcome among patients with renal dysfunction in whom renal function improves. However, it shows that this improvement in renal function does not necessarily improve survival to that observed for the patients with a comparable level of serum creatinine at diagnosis. While early treatment of asymptomatic myeloma has been shown to have little impact on overall survival, a strategy of waiting for serious features of target organ damage to appear before initiation of treatment may have a negative impact on survival in some patients, especially patients with high light chain production who have a higher predilection for renal insufficiency. Disclosures: Kumar: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Lenalidomide for treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma. Dispenzieri: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Honoraria. Lacy: Celgene: Research Funding.
Organic Acid Profiles of Thermally Processed Carrot Puree

The aim of this investigation was to examine changes in organic acid concentration in carrot puree during processing at temperatures ranging from 240–300 F, with 20 F increments and an F0 equal to 4.9. Two varieties of carrots from two different geographical regions were packed in Thermal Death Time (TDT) tubes, flushed with nitrogen, sealed, and processed. Following this, analyses were conducted to determine changes in organic acid content and pH. Significant increases in pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), citric acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, and malic acid were noted between the fresh product and product processed at 240 F. The PCA concentration was significantly affected by changes in processing temperature, while pyruvic and fumaric acids exhibited possible variations. The greatest change in pH from the fresh (unheated) product occurred with the 240 F processed product in both Texas and California samples. As the processing temperature increased, with a constant F0 value, the pH decreased. The pH r...
Improving Outcomes of Behavioral Intervention Plans

According to federal mandates, if a student’s behavior impedes their learning or the learning of others, the individualized education program team is required to address this with a functional beha...
The Americans with disabilities act : emerging issues for ophthalmologists

Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is the most comprehensive federal law to address discrimination against an estimated 49 million Americans in the areas of employment, governmental services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. Methods: The authors describe title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act and examine the challenges of implementing the employment provisions set forth in this legislation as they relate to visual impairment and disability. Conclusions: It is crucial that ophthalmologists understand the implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act when caring for individuals with visual impairments and communicating with their employers and other healthcare specialists. Ophthalmologists play an increasingly important role in shaping public policy toward people with visual impairments.
Continuous Review Inventory Systems: Practice Problems

A problem set to review the concepts of continuous review inventory systems. These problems can be assigned for additional practice in calculating order quantities, inventories, and relevant costs. This can be used with the notes "Managing Inventories: Determining Order Quantity" (UVA-OM-1395) and "Managing Inventories: The Reorder Point System" (UVA-OM-1394). Excerpt UVA-OM-1489 Rev. Apr. 4, 2014 CONTINUOUS REVIEW INVENTORY SYSTEMS: PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1. Demand for an item is 1,661 units per year. The ordering cost is $ 20 per order. The carrying cost per year (c ´ k) is $ 5.40 per item. On average, how many orders are placed each year, if the economic order quantity (EOQ) is ordered? 2. An office orders stationery from a supplier. The cost of paper is $ 20.51 per ream. The ordering cost is $ 33 per order. The annual cost of carrying the inventory is 0.22 (22%) of the unit cost per ream. The annual demand is 22,013 reams of paper. What is the annual carrying cost of inventory, assuming that the EOQ is ordered? 3. Demand for an item is 9,434 units per year. The ordering cost is $ 21 per order. The carrying cost per year (c ´ k) is $ 18 per item. What is the optimal ordering quantity? . . .
Effect of turbulence on NOx emission in a lean perfectly-premixed combustor

Abstract In order to provide validation data for high-fidelity CFD simulation to predict the NO x emission in turbulent premixed combustion, the effect of turbulence on NO x emissions is studied for a perfectly-premixed combustor running on methane/air at the mixture inlet temperature of 495 K and the combustor pressure of 5 atm over a range of equivalence ratios (0.54–0.85). Turbulence level is varied by a factor of 2–3 by changing the length of a portion of channels in a perforated plate on which the flame is stabilized. Simultaneous PIV and OH-PLIF measurements are used to calculate the required turbulence parameters for the model such as turbulence intensity and turbulence mixing time scales, and define the flame structure such as average flame height and hence flame zone residence time scales. Effect of turbulence level is found to have negligible effect on overall NO x emissions level. NO x emissions are predicted by using a partially-stirred reactor (PaSR) model with the measured turbulence parameters as the input. The modeling results agree very well with the measured NO x emission level and show that it slightly increases with the increase of turbulence level. They also show that increasing turbulence level results in increasing NO x formation rate in flame zone. However, as turbulence level increases the flame length decreases and hence flame residence time will decrease. As a result, the total NO x emission in the flame zone will be determined by the net effect of turbulence on turbulent mixing time and flame residence time. The effect of turbulence on NO x formation becomes negligible in the post flame zone.
Violent behavior by emergency department patients with an involuntary hold status.

Abstract Background Violence against health care workers has been increasing. Health care workers in emergency departments (EDs) are highly vulnerable because they provide care for patients who may have mental illness, behavioral problems, or substance use disorders (alone or in combination) and who are often evaluated during an involuntary hold. Our objective was to identify factors that may be associated with violent behavior in ED patients during involuntary holds. Methods Retrospective review of patients evaluated during an involuntary hold at a suburban acute care hospital ED from January 2014 through November 2015. Results Of 251 patients, 22 (9%) had violent incidents in the ED. Violent patients were more likely to have a urine drug screen positive for tricyclic antidepressants (18.2% vs 4.8%, P = 0.03) and to present with substance misuse (68.2% vs 39.7%, P = 0.01), specifically with marijuana (22.7% vs 9.6%, P = 0.06) and alcohol (54.5% vs 24.9%, P = 0.003). ED readmission rates were higher for violent patients (18.2% vs 3.9%, P = 0 .02). No significant difference was found between violent patients and nonviolent patients for sex, race, marital status, insurance status, medical or psychiatric condition, reason for involuntary hold, or length of stay. Conclusion Violent behavior by patients evaluated during an involuntary hold in a suburban acute care hospital ED was associated with tricyclic antidepressant use, substance misuse, and higher ED readmission rates.
Reshaping the Precontractual Liability Debate: Beyond Short-Run Economics

This article responds to three recent treatments of precontractual bargaining by Professors Richard Craswell and Avery Katz and Mr. Wouter vils: Richard Craswell, Offer, Acceptance, and Efficient Reliance, 48 STAN. L. REv. 481 (1996); Avery Katz, When Should An Offer Stick? The Economics of Promissory Estoppel in Preliminary Negotiations, 105 YALE L.. 1249 (1996); and Wouter Wils, Who Should Bear the Costs of Failed Negotiations? A Functional Inquiry Into Precontractual Liability, 4 JOURNAL DES EcONOMsMs Er DES ETUDES HUMAINES 93 (1993).
Designing and Selecting Efficient Early Warning Strategies and Increasing Their Efficiencies in Forestry

Forests are often at the heart of a national economic and social welfare (Diamond 2005). They are resilient yet they are subject to damage from extreme disturbance events. Such events can be categorized in many different ways, but they can often have a root cause linked to weather. The high potential for adverse climate change, with increased potential for extreme weather that can cause forest damage (FAO 2008), will likely increase the need for improved warning strategies. Early warning systems are categorized in Box III.4.16. The need will increase for several reasons.
Accelerated Technological Change in Archaeology and Ancient History

Discontinuous, sometimes violent change is universal. In the short term, it threatens all living systems, even if in the long term transformative change may offer the best or only hope of assuring their successful adaptation to new conditions and hence survival. This applies as much to human as to natural history. In this chapter, I discuss three instances of one type of discontinuous change that serves as a conceptual tool for archaeological and historical research on ancient societies.
Morbidity and Outcomes Following Axillary Lymphadenectomy for Melanoma: Weighing the Risk of Surgery in the Era of MSLT-II.

Limited data exist characterizing complications after axillary lymphadenectomy for melanoma. With high rates of complications reported after dissection for breast cancer and data suggesting that completion lymphadenectomy may have limited therapeutic benefit, this study characterized morbidity to facilitate clinical decision-making. Using a broad definition for complications, patients who underwent axillary dissection for melanoma at a single center (from 2003 to 2015) were assessed through retrospective chart review. Patients were stratified by potential risk factors for complications; outcomes were compared. Two hundred fifty-four axillary dissections in 239 patients were identified. Assessed risk factors for complications included age > 55 years (n = 133, 52%), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n = 90, 40%), diabetes (n = 40, 16%), smoking (n = 81, 32%), extremity primary (n = 71, 28%), therapeutic lymphadenectomy (n = 105, 41%), and adjuvant radiation (n = 33, 13%). Wound complications were observed in 51 patients with 38 (15%) seromas, 3 (1%) dehiscences, and 10 (4%) hematomas. There were 5 (2%) reoperations, all for hematoma. Thirty-day readmission rate was 6% (n = 14). Importantly, lymphedema occurred in only 13 (5%) patients. Wound dehiscence occurred only in smokers (p = 0.03) and was associated with adjuvant radiation (p = 0.04). Twenty-eight (11%) patients developed frozen shoulder, which was related to smoking (p = 0.02). Lymphedema was more likely in patients after therapeutic dissection (p = 0.04). All other risk factors were not associated with increased complications. This analysis supports historical data that axillary dissection for melanoma is a low-risk procedure, with smoking, therapeutic lymphadenectomy, and adjuvant radiation associated with increased morbidity. Although morbidity of lymphadenectomy is often cited as a reason to alter surgical approach or even forgo intervention, this may be less of a concern for axillary dissection.
Trump Trumps Baldwin? How Trump’s Tweets Transform SNL into Trump’s Strategic Advantage

What happens when a politician responds through social media to critical humor, as in the case of Donald Trump’s hostile reactions toward Alec Baldwin’s appearances on Saturday Night Live (SNL)? An...
Response by Zghaib et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Standard Ablation Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Ablation in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia".

We thank Penela et al for their comments and congratulate them for their achievements and unique work in the field. Starting in 2005, our group, as well as others, described the utility of cardiac magnetic resonance for ventricular tachycardia substrate identification in the setting of structural heart disease,1 …
Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) in survivorship practice.

79Background: Use of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is a well-recognized method of assessing long-term and late effects in cancer survivors. Our institution incorporated PRO in survivorship clinic...