cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work ethic and academic performance: Predicting citizenship and counterproductive behavior

Abstract In this study, work ethic was examined as a predictor of academic performance, compared with standardized test scores and high school grade point average (GPA). Academic performance was expanded to include student organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and student counterproductive behavior, comprised of cheating and disengagement, in addition to college GPA. Results indicated that work ethic explained incremental variance in student OCB, cheating and disengagement beyond standardized test scores or high school GPA. However, work ethic did not explain incremental variance in college GPA. Specific work ethic dimensions were related to each outcome. These findings provide support for the importance of non-cognitive variables in academic contexts, particularly when considering an expanded performance domain. In addition, results provide additional validity evidence for the nature of work ethic as a multidimensional construct.
Intra- and inter-day variability in plasma tCO2 concentration in sedentary horses

Sodium bicarbonate and other alkalinising solutions (‘milkshakes’) have been given to horses surreptitiously before exercise to provide exogenous buffering effects. After an initial positive blood test, some accused horse trainers claim that their horses ‘naturally test high’, so some jurisdictions allow a secured quarantine in which the horse is tested multiple times. The objective of this experiment was to determine the intra- and inter-day variability of plasma total CO2 (tCO2) and other plasma strong ions in a group of sedentary horses housed similarly to a quarantine period. The hypothesis was that plasma tCO2 would not remain constant over a multi-day monitoring interval, but would vary measurably during that interval. Eight sedentary (unconditioned) horses were studied for 2 weeks. Horses were acclimated to a climate-controlled indoor environment and an alfalfa-only diet for a minimum of 10 days prior to sampling. Horses were sampled 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days at 7:00, 11:00 and 15:00 h. ...
Prevalence of cervical spinal injury in trauma.

Object Diagnosis of cervical spinal injury (CSI) is an essential aspect of the trauma evaluation. This task is especially difficult in patients who are not clinically able to be evaluated (unevaluable) because of distracting painful injuries, intoxication, or concomitant head injury. For this population, the appropriate use of advanced imaging techniques for cervical spinal clearance remains undetermined. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of unstable CSI, particularly among patients in whom clinical evaluation is impossible or unreliable. Methods Estimates of the prevalence of CSI in populations consisting of all trauma patients, alert patients only, and clinically unevaluable patients only were determined by variance-weighted pooling of data from 65 publications (281,864 patients) that met criteria for review. Results The overall prevalence of CSI among all trauma patients was 3.7%. The prevalence of CSI in alert patients was 2.8%, whereas unevaluable patients were at increased risk of...
Electrical metrology with single electrons

This paper is mostly a review of the progress made at NIST in pursuing a capacitance standard based on the charge of the electron. We briefly introduce the Coulomb blockade, which is the basic physical phenomenon allowing control of single electrons, describe two types of single-electron tunnelling (SET) device and describe the metrology goals and payoffs achievable from SET devices. We then discuss the electron-counting capacitance standard (ECCS): the motivation, previous experimental work on various critical elements, present status and future prospects. This last part includes using the ECCS for a practical representation of capacitance, as well as pointing out that we can close the quantum metrology triangle without needing a large-value current standard. Finally, we briefly review other SET-based metrological applications.
Cross-linguistic research in aphasia: An overview

Most of us would like to believe that the different patterns of language breakdown observed in aphasic patients reflect the way that the human mind and brain are organized for language. However, because so much modern research on aphasia has been carried out in English, it is difficult to separate universal mechanisms from language-specific content. Crosslinguistic com-parisons permit us to disentangle these confounds, while we address one of the most important issues in cognitive neurobiology, the issue of behavioral and neural plasticity: How many different forms can the language processor take under a range of normal and abnormal conditions? We must have an answer to this question if we want to understand what the neural mechanisms responsible for language really are and really do. The nine papers presented within this special crosslinguistic issue of Brain and Language provide important new information about universal and language-specific patterns of sparing and impairment, in nonfluent "agrammatic" Broca's aphasics and in fluent patients with a diagnosis of Wernicke's aphasia. These crosslinguistic studies fall into two categories: (1) research in which language type is treated as an independent variable, by conducting the same experiment with equivalent materials in two or more different languages, and (2) research in which language type is treated as a natural experiment, using the peculiar characteristics of a single language to answer a question that would be difficult to ask in (for example) English. Studies applying one or both of these cross-linguistic methods have yielded six basic findings, summarized briefly as follows.
Binding of activated progesterone receptor to microsomes

Abstract Specific binding of steroid hormones to microsomes has been reported for several tissues. In the hen oviduct, this receptor appears to be very similar to activated cytosolic receptor. The microsomal receptor is readily solubilized, and resembles the cytosolic receptor in all physico-chemical characteristics: sedimentation coefficient ∼ 4 S, Stokes radius 5.5 nm, slow dissociation rate of the complex, adsorption to polyanions. It is precipitated by an antibody to the cytosolic receptor. Microsomes display saturable binding of cytosolic receptor, with a Bmaxof ∼ 300 fmol/mg protein. This binding is also observed using microsomes from non-target tissues, and is decreased by treatment with RNase. It seems likely that microsomal binding is due to the high affinity of activated cytosolic receptor for RNA.
Study of interactions in supercritical fluids and supercritical fluid chromatography by solvatochromic linear solvation energy relationships

Linear solvation energy relationships were used to study the retention process in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and to gain a better understanding of intermolecular interactions in supercritical fluids. Correlation of SFC retention data with a set of solute solvatochromic parameters, which are also applicable to gas and liquid chromatography, yields information regarding the relative contributions of dispersion, cavity formation, dipolar, and hydrogen-bonding processes to retention. Dispersion interactions and cavity formation processes dominate retention on an open tubular poly(dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase with pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Dipolar interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions are of decidedly less importance but do contribute significantly to retention. Based on prior solvatochromic studies of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and carbon dioxide, the changes in the regression coefficients with temperature and pressure are interpreted chemically. The relative importance of these contributions changes with temperature and pressure. As pressure increases, the carbon dioxide becomes more dense, and dispersion interactions between the solute and the mobile phase increase. A temperature increase at constant pressure decreases dispersion interactions with the stationary phase, as in gas chromatography, but also decreases dispersion interactions with the mobile phase, due to a decrease in carbon dioxide density. On the basis of the solvatochromic coefficients, carbon dioxide acts as both a Lewis base and a Lewis acid. The quality of fit for these correlations is very high and compares favorably with similar studies in gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, permitting the prediction of retention behavior from a solute's solvatochromic parameters.
A new method to study dilatant deformation mechanisms in ductile materials

Abstract This paper presents an unconventional method for examining various kinematically admissible and physically acceptable mechanisms of dilatant deformation in ductile materials. In this approach, the constitutive description of material behavior is intentionally left incomplete, i.e., shear stresses and strain rates obey power law, but while material dilatancy is allowed to exist, its form is not predetermined. By omitting the constitutive equation for dilatancy, multiple boundary value solutions can be obtained; these solutions can be further examined and evaluated using an energy minimization criterion. The proposed method allows plausible constitutive assumptions for cavitation to be identified. Using this method, we show that in the vicinity of a mode I crack tip, there are three distinct mechanisms of dilatant deformation, each having strong experimental justification.
Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Diarrhea

Patients who report having diarrhea for more than four weeks should be evaluated for chronic diarrheal diseases, since most infectious enteritides and other causes of acute diarrhea generally resolve spontaneously within this period.1–3 We suggest a two-stage outpatient evaluation, which relies initially on the history and physical examination to direct studies and then on a systematic outpatient evaluation, followed, if necessary, by a third-stage inpatient evaluation. This approach should lead to a diagnosis in approximately 90 percent of patients. Patients with diarrhea experience a change in the consistency or frequency of their bowel movements. Diarrheal diseases are almost always . . .
Evaluation and management of congestive heart failure in a young individual.

La cause etait une insuffisance aortique due a une valvule bicuspide. Le traitement est medical et la transplantation cardiaque est envisagee
Performance testing of a book and its index as an information retrieval system

The retrieval performance of book indexes can be measured in terms of their ability to direct a user selectively to text material whose identity but not location is known. The method requires human searchers to base their searching strategies on actual passages from the book rather than on test queries, natural or contrived. It circumvents the need for relevance judgment, but still yields performance indicators that correspond approximately to the recall and precision ratios of large document retrieval system evaluation. A preliminary application of the method to the subject indexing of two major encyclopedias showed one encyclopedia apparently superior in both the finding and discrimination abilities of retrieval performance. The method is presently best suited for comparative testing since its ability to yield absolute or reproducible measures is as yet not established.
Observation of a magnetic-field-dependent g-factor ratio.

A new type of magnetic shift has been observed in high-precision measurements on the hyperfine structure of ground-state rubidium atoms. In the range of magnetic fields used, 4.6\char21{}7.8 T, the measurements in both $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ are consistent with a fractional shift of -1.68(15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ ${\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ in the nuclear-to-electronic g-factor ratio, ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{I}}$/${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{J}}$. This effect is much larger than predicted by a second-order perturbation-theory analysis which gives other magnetic shifts in agreement with the measurements.
Optimal irrigation planning in river basin development: The case of the Upper Cauvery river basin

The study deals with the irrigation planning of the Cauvery river basin in peninsular India which is extensively developed in the downstream reaches and has a high potential for development in the upper reaches. A four-reservoir system is modelled on a monthly basis by using a mathematical programming (LP) formulation to find optimum cropping patterns, subject to land, water and downstream release constraints, and applied to the Cauvery basin. Two objectives, maximizing net economic benefits and maximizing irrigated cropped area, considered in the model are analysed in the context of multiobjective planning and the trade-offs discussed.
Family Symmetry and Neutrino Mixing

The observed quark hierarchies suggest a simple family symmetry. Generalized to leptons through grand-unified quantum numbers, it produces a neutrino mixing matrix with order-1 ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ mixing, and order- ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{3}$ ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ mixings. The intrafamily hierarchy and observed neutrino mass differences together require this symmetry to be anomalous, suggesting through the Green-Schwarz mechanism a string or $M$-theory origin for the symmetry.
Evaluation of building period formulas for seismic design

Building period formulas in seismic design code are evaluated with over 800 apparent building periods from 191 building stations and 67 earthquake events. The evaluation is carried out with the formulas in ASCE 7-05 for steel and RC moment-resisting frames, shear wall buildings, braced frames, and other structural types. Qualitative comparison of measured periods and periods calculated from the code formulas shows that the formula for steel moment-resisting frames generally predicts well the lower bound of the measured periods for all building heights. But the differences between the periods from code formula and measured periods of low- to-medium rise buildings are relatively high. In addition, the periods of essential buildings designed with the importance factor are about 40% shorter than the periods of non-essential buildings. The code formula for RC moment-resisting frames describes well the lower bound of measured periods. The formula for braced frames accurately predicts the lower bound periods of low-to-medium rise buildings. The formula for shear wall buildings overestimates periods for all building heights. For buildings that are classified as other structural types, the measured building periods can be much shorter than the periods calculated with the code formula. Based on these observations, it is suggested to use Cr factor of 0.015 for shear walls and other structural types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations of immunoglobulin transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains: Effects on intracellular signaling and antigen presentation

The membrane-bound form of immunoglobulin serves as an antigen-specific receptor for B cells mediating signal transduction and antigen presentation. We have developed an assay that reconstitutes both these physiologic responses with respect to the antigen phosphorylcholine. By introducing specific mutations in the human Ig mu chain gene, we have shown that certain transmembrane residues and the short cytoplasmic domain are crucial for these two activities. Moreover, elimination of a single transmembrane hydroxyl group severely inhibits antigen presentation without affecting signal transduction, suggesting that these two functions are mediated by different protein interactions.
Laboratory food choice by the mosshead sculpin, Clinocottus globiceps (Girard) (Teleostei; Cottidae), a predator of sea anemones

Mosshead sculpins, Clinocottus globiceps (Girard), are unique among rocky intertidal fishes of the North American Pacific coast in preying heavily upon sea anemones. We examined food choice by C. globiceps for various food types offered simultaneously in laboratory trials. Both large and small C. globiceps attacked anemones (Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt) and Epiactis prolifera (Verrill)) more frequently than shrimp or algae, and small C. globiceps showed some tendency to attack anemones earlier in the trials than they did other food types. Comparing the responses of C. globiceps only to sea anemones in these multi-food trials, small C. globiceps attacked Epiactis significantly more frequently and generally sooner than they did A. elegantissima, but such preference for Epiactis over A. elegantissima was less evident in large fish. In additional trials where C. globiceps were offered paired anemone species but no other food types, the fish did not show statistically significant preferences in terms of numbers of bites or order of attacks on either of the two anemone species within each pair. However, using the number of bites taken of A. xanthogrammica as a standard for reference, there were relatively more bites of Epiactis and fewer bites of A. elegantissima in these paired-species trials, thus suggesting a preference for Epiactis over A. elegantissima. The anemone-eating habit perhaps accounts at least in part for several features of C. globiceps — including a relatively large body size, blunt head shape, and a seemingly low reliance on a spin-feeding mode — that together make this species one of the most distinctive of the intertidal sculpins.
Reactive Flux Calculations of Methyl Vinyl Ketone Reacting with Cyclopentadiene in Water

Molecular dynamics and reactive flux simulations of the Diels−Alder reaction of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) reacting with cyclopentadiene (CPD) in water have been carried out to calculate the activation free energy and transmission coefficient for the reaction. For this purpose, an empirical potential energy surface (PES) of the reaction was developed by first constructing an intramolecular PES of MVK + CPD using the B3LYP/6-31+g* level of ab initio theory. This calculation predicts that the reaction barrier height of MVK + CPD in the gas phase is 16 kcal/mol. The MVK + CPD complex was then surrounded by 215 SPC/F2 water molecules, and the activation free energy is seen to be reduced by 2.2 kcal/mol compared to that of the gas phase. The initial conditions for the reactive flux calculations were obtained at T = 300 K by a Nose-Hoover chain dynamics algorithm that was recently developed for this purpose. These calculations show that the transmission coefficient for the reaction in water is 0.67 and therefore...
Stratigraphic Implications of Paleomagnetic Data from Upper Paleozoic–Lower Triassic Redbeds of Colorado

Paleomagnetic examination of the Upper Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Lower Triassic redbed sequence in Colorado seems to have located the Stratigraphic position of the Kiaman magnetic division. The approximate levels of the base and top of the Kiaman magnetic division were located on the western slope of the southern Rocky Mountains and are separated by 4000 feet of Stratigraphic section. The base of the division seems to be Des Moinesian (Upper Pennsylvanian), and the top, Lower Scythian (Lower Triassic), in substantial agreement with Irving and Parry9s identification (1963). On the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains all the samples that were measured magnetically have reversed directions, and this suggests that the entire Stratigraphic section examined, which includes the Fountain and Lykins formations and the Lyons Sandstone, belongs to the Kiaman magnetic division.
Visuospatial and motor attention in the monkey

Visuospatial attention involves the selection of stimuli from the environment for further neural processing. The attention-related enhancement of visual responses in posterior parietal cortex is a possible neural substrate for visuospatial attention. By analogy with the selection process in the spatial domain, motor attention is postulated to involve a selection among simultaneous upper motor signals. Selection of motor programs within the oculomotor system is used as an example of this attentional process. Since attentive fixation modulates the effect on the oculomotor system of electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields, a given upper motor neuronal signal need not necessarily invoke a movement. That the brain has multiple simultaneous motor signals is apparent from the profusion of sensory-driven upper motor neurons. The frontal cortex is probably important in selecting which upper motor signals actually evoke movements, by elaborating motor programs for purposive behavior, but not for all movements.
Sir David Brewster: polarization pioneer

Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist of the Nineteenth Century, was one of the pioneers in the investigation of the polarization of light. Every physics student is familiar with the Brewster angle of reflection, and the Brewster neutral point of skylight polarization is a well- known feature in atmospheric optics. He was at one time the most honored natural philosopher in Britain, having received numerous medals plus a knighthood for his work in the polarization of light. This paper, having arisen from my new biography of Brewster, traces his polarization work throughout his most productive period in the first half of the last century. It is of interest to science historians, as well as to those working in the field of polarization phenomena.
Mapping and sequencing the rice genome.

In 1997, a group of scientists met in Singapore and agreed to collaborate on sequencing the rice genome. It was agreed at the outset to work on a single cultivar, to share materials, to use a clone-by-clone approach, and to accept the policy of immediate sequence release ([Sasaki and Burr, 2000][1
Schrödinger equation in multiply connected spaces and phase optics

The magnetic vector potential\(\vec A\) in a field free spaceR0 cannot be removed by gauge transformations in general, ifR0 is multiply connected.Aharonov andBohm1 have noticed recently that\(\vec A\) therefore should have more physical meaning than only to give the magnetic field by differentiation. They could show that\(\vec A\) inR0 may influence the phase ofSchrodinger'sψ-function in an observable manner. We want to point out here that this influence can be expressed in a simple, general form: “A closed magnetic field line operates uponψ like ae Φ/ħ-phase-shifter placed on any area bounded by the field line.” Surface like phase shifters are familiar in phase optics. There exists a narrow relationship between electron scattering at magnetic fields and some special problems of phase optics. An electron phase contrast microscope is discussed.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of genetic testing for familial long QT syndrome in symptomatic index cases.

Background Genetic testing for long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been available in a research setting for the past decade, and a commercial test has recently become available. However, the costs and effectiveness of genetic testing have not been estimated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of genetic testing in the management of patients who have or are suspected to have familial LQTS. Methods We examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of genetic testing compared with no genetic testing for symptomatic index cases and how this varied according to changes in assumptions and data inputs. Data were obtained from the published literature and a clinical cohort. Results We found that genetic testing is more cost-effective than not testing for symptomatic index cases at an estimated cost of $2,500 per year of life saved. These results were generally robust, although they were sensitive to some data inputs such as the cost of testing and the mortality rate among untreated individuals with LQTS. Conclusion A genetic test for familial LQTS is cost-effective relative to no testing, given our assumptions about the population to be tested and the relevant probabilities and costs. The primary benefit of testing is to more accurately diagnose and treat individuals based on a combination of clinical scores and test results. Future economic analyses of testing for familial LQTS should consider the potential benefits of genetic testing of broader populations, including family members.
The role of neutralizing antibodies in protection of American Indian infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease.

Background:Navajo and White Mountain Apache infants have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rates 2–5 times that of the general U.S. infant population. To evaluate whether these high rates can be attributable to low concentrations of maternally derived RSV neutralizing antibodies, we
Dynamic characteristics of membrane displacement of a bidirectional electromagnetic microactuator with microcoil fabricated on a single wafer

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of an electromagnetic bidirectional microactuator by using Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Particular interests are to study the influences of input current (I"c"o"i"l), burst time (t"b), and input energy (E"c"o"i"l) to the dynamic characteristics of membrane displacement (d"m). The microactuator is fully microfabricated by surface micromachining on a single silicon wafer. The overall diameter of the microactuator is [email protected] and the overall thickness is [email protected], including the wafer thickness. The microactuator consists of three main components: a soft magnetic membrane, an Au microcoil, and an integrated Co-Pt magnet on the membrane. Two different designs are investigated: double-legs and single-leg designs. In the experiments the membrane is actuated in free air by applying pulses of voltages through the microcoil (V"c"o"i"l). The results show that there is a transition between two distinguished regions: a region when d"m is dependent on both I"c"o"i"l and t"b, and the other region when d"m is dependent only on I"c"o"i"l. The transition happened when t"b~1/2.f"n; where f"n is the natural frequency of the membrane.
On iterative intelligent medical search

Searching for medical information on the Web has become highly popular, but it remains a challenging task because searchers are often uncertain about their exact medical situations and unfamiliar with medical terminology. To address this challenge, we have built an intelligent medical Web search engine called iMed, which uses medical knowledge and an interactive questionnaire to help searchers form queries. This paper focuses on iMed's iterative search advisor, which integrates medical and linguistic knowledge to help searchers improve search results iteratively. Such an iterative process is common for general Web search, and especially crucial for medical Web search, because searchers often miss desired search results due to their limited medical knowledge and the task's inherent difficulty. iMed's iterative search advisor helps the searcher in several ways. First, relevant symptoms and signs are automatically suggested based on the searcher's description of his situation. Second, instead of taking for granted the searcher's answers to the questions, iMed ranks and recommends alternative answers according to their likelihoods of being the correct answers. Third, related MeSH medical phrases are suggested to help the searcher refine his situation description. We demonstrate the effectiveness of iMed's iterative search advisor by evaluating it using real medical case records and USMLE medical exam questions.
Chemical Modification on Hierarchically Structured ZnO Films for Energy Conversion Efficiency Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We report the synthesis of ZnO aggregates in the presence of lithium salt and the enhancement on the energy conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells when the photoelectrode films consist of as-synthesized ZnO aggregates. The conversion efficiency for ZnO film consisting of aggregates synthesized with lithium involvement is significantly improved up to 5.8%, which is 32% higher than that of 4.4% obtained for pure ZnO film. Such an enhancement can be attributed to the effect of lithium-induced changes on the morphology and crystallinity of aggregates, the optical absorption of films, and the surface chemistry of ZnO, which provides the film with decreased electron trapping and increased refractive index, and enhances the electronic coupling between the dye molecules and ZnO.
Sculpted Landscapes: Art & Place in Cleveland's Cultural Gardens, 1916-2006

Perhaps the world's first peace garden, the Cleveland Cultural Gardens embody the history of twentieth-century America and reveal the complex interrelations between art and place. This essay uses the Cleveland Cultural Gardens as a lens through which to explore how art and place have intersected over time. It explores how communities have negotiated questions of national, ethnic, and American identity and embedded those identities into the vernacular landscape. It considers how the particulars of place were embedded into a public garden and asks whether it is possible for public art to transcend its place—both in terms of geography and history. In some sense, the Gardens have transcended their place, but in others respects, their fortunes were bound inextricably to that place, to the economic, demographic, and cultural contours that shaped and reshaped Northern Ohio. As works of art, the Cleveland Cultural Gardens both have reflected the history of Cleveland and American industrial cities during the 20th century and revealed something of the dynamics that underscored the changing character of public art and gardens in American cities.
Technology 2000: Vision and challenges for utilities

Presented at a Panel Session on Technologies for the Twenty-First Century 1989 Winter Meeting. Electric utilities are part of a high tech industry. Since no industry can survive without an influx of new ideas, concepts, materials and technology, we can expect technology to play an ever increasingly important role in future utility operations. The uncertainty and competitive environment that seems apparent in the future will demand the advantages new technology can provide.
Structural and respiratory effects of Agkistrodon piscivorus phospholipase A on rat liver mitochondria

1. 1. Oxygen electrode tracings show that isolated Agkistrodon piscivorus phospholipase A alters mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation in a manner identical to whole venom: at low concentrations it increases mitochondrial respiration in the absence of phosphate acceptor; at high concentrations it causes severe inhibition of electron transport; and, at intermediate concentrations it produces a stage of respiratory decline in which ADP acts as an inhibitor (phosphate acceptor inhibition). 2. 2. Electron microscope studies confirm that whole A. piscivorus venom and isolated phospholipase A produce identical morphological alterations in mitochondria and that structural disruption accompanies respiratory decline. 3. 3. Serum albumin can reverse the uncoupling caused either by whole A. piscivorus venom or its purified phospholipase A. 4. 4. Incubation in the presence of succinate, or succinate and ADP, protects mitochondria against the respiratory damage produced by phospholipase A; but incubation in the presence of glutamate-malate affords no protection. 5. 5. There is a remarkable similarity among the overall effects produced on mitochondria by venom phospholipase A, the classical uncouplers and oleic acid.
Email alias detection using social network analysis

This research addresses the problem of correctly relating aliases that belong to the same entity. Previous approaches focused on natural language processing and structured data, whereas in this research we analyze the local association, or "social" network in which aliases reside. The network is constructed from email data mined from the Internet. Links in the network represent web pages on which two email addresses are collocated. The problem is defined as given social network S, constructed from email address collocations, and an email address E, identify any aliases for E that also appear in S. The alias detection methods are evaluated on a data set of over 14,000 University X email addresses for which ground truth relations are known. The results are reported as partial lists of k choices for possible aliases, ranked by predicted relational strength within the network. Given a source email address, a portion of all email addresses, 2%, are correctly linked to another alias that corresponds to the same entity by best rank, which is significantly better than random (0.007%) and a geodesic distance (1%) baseline prediction. Correct linkages increase to 15% and 30% within top-10 (0.07% of all emails) and top-100 rank lists (0.7% of all emails), respectively.
Relation of Triglyceride Levels, Fasting and Nonfasting, to Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Heart Disease

Background It remains unclear whether hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), and whether fasting and nonfasting triglyceride (TG) levels are equally predictive. Methods A total of 2809 (of 12 866) men randomized during 1973 through 1975 into the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial with fasting and nonfasting TG levels measured at baseline were followed up for CHD incidence and death. Proportional hazards regression models were used to assess associations of fasting and nonfasting TG levels with CHD. Results Average fasting and nonfasting TG levels were 187 and 284 mg/dL (2.11 and 3.21 mmol/L), respectively. Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L] or more) was 31% for fasting and 61% for nonfasting. There were 175 nonfatal or fatal CHD events during 8 years and 328 CHD deaths during 25 years. Compared with TG levels less than 200 mg/dL, risk factor–adjusted hazard ratios for CHD mortality for hypertriglyceridemia were 1.24 (P= .09) for fasting and 1.26 (P= .07) for nonfasting. For nonfatal or fatal CHD, fasting and nonfasting TG levels were similarly predictive with hazard ratios of 1.64 (P= .004) for fasting and 1.46 (P= .03) for nonfasting. These associations for fasting TG levels were assessed to be underestimated by 56% because of regression dilution bias, with attenuation likely greater for nonfasting TG levels. Conclusions Greater ease of obtaining nonfasting than fasting measurements, greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia with nonfasting than fasting values, and similarly increased risk with each indicate that nonfasting TG levels may be more useful than fasting ones for risk stratification.
Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing grain from YieldGard Rootworm (MON863), YieldGard Plus (MON810 x MON863), nontransgenic control, or commercial reference corn hybrids

Two 42-d experiments compared the nutritional value of YieldGard Rootworm corn (MON863; experiment 1) and YieldGard Plus corn (MON810 x MON863; experiment 2) to their respective nontransgenic controls and 6 commercial reference corn hybrids when fed to growing broilers. For each experiment, a randomized complete block design was used with 8 dietary treatments in each of 5 replicated blocks of pens. In experiment 1, no differences among diets were observed (P > 0.05) for final live weights and feed conversion. Broilers fed diets containing MON863 corn had adjusted feed conversion similar to the nontransgenic control and the population of control and commercial diets. On a weight basis, there were no differences among diets for chill, fat pad, and thigh, drum, and wing weights. Differences (P 0.05) in the percentage of moisture, protein, and fat in breast meat or thigh meat across treatment diets. In experiment 2, there were no significant differences among diets for all broiler performance and carcass parameters evaluated. Broilers overall performed consistently and had similar carcass yields and meat compositions when fed diets containing MON863 corn or MON810 x MON863 corn as compared with their respective nontransgenic control and commercial diets, supporting a conclusion of similar feeding values among diets.
The Calderian orogeny in Wopmay orogen (1.9 Ga), northwestern Canadian Shield

The Wopmay orogen is a Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt formed in part by the accretion of Hottah terrane, an east-facing continental magmatic arc, to the western margin of the Archean Slave craton at ca. 1.88 Ga. The arc-continent collision was responsible for the Calderian orogeny. Just prior to the collision, arc volcanism of the Hottah terrane had migrated trenchward and changed in composition from an aphyric calc-alkaline to a bimodal tholeiitic suite. The change in magmatism, along with subsidence and consequent high-temperature–low-pressure metamorphism of rocks on the upper plate, is attributed to extension and asthenospheric upwelling during rollback of the lower plate. The upwelling led to regional heating of the crust, melting, and generation of the metaluminous to peraluminous Hepburn intrusive suite within the arc just prior to accretion of Hottah terrane onto the Slave craton. During the collision, a 200-km-long, orogen-parallel swarm of mafi c sills was intruded into the lower plate and trench-fill sediments at the passive-margin shelf-slope break. The mafi c magmatism may have been induced by slab breakoff. The Calderian orogeny provides an excellent example of the magmatic history of an arc-continent collision. The Calderian orogeny was short-lived. Within a few million years, an east-dipping subduction zone formed outboard of the accreted terrane, creating volcanic rocks that were erupted atop the eroded HottahSlave collision zone. The short duration of the Calderian orogeny seems typical of arccontinent collisions, perhaps because the attenuated arc crust, coupled with the extended crust of the lower plate, never generates severely overthickened crust. Rise of asthenospheric mantle due to slab breakoff generates rapid uplift, erosion, and collapse of the mountains built during collision.
Brønsted and Lewis Base Quenching of Photoemission from Luminescent ‘Porous Silicon’: Surface Protons in the Luminescence Mechanism

The photoluminescence (PL) observed from porous silicon (PS) is found to be very sensitive to p H . Bronsted bases quench the PL and simultaneously produce a blue shift of the p-type PS emission. Similarly, PL of n-type PS is quenched, but the emission is red shifted. Exposure to acids enhances PL and reverses the quenching due to base exposure. A pK a of 3–4 was determined for PS formed on both n- and p-type substrates, and identifies an acidic surface proton as a primary component in the PL mechanism. Variations in the intensity and energy distribution of PL as a function of temperature suggest that: 1) small changes in the hydration state of the surface may affect the emission, and 2) at least two luminescent species exist on the surface of PS; one of which is p H and temperature sensitive. SO 2 , a Lewis base, also quenches the PL of p-type PS quickly and reversibly. Exposure to acid is unnecessary for restoration of the PL. In contrast to reactivity with Bronsted bases, the reversibility with SO 2 argues for a different quenching mechanism. Preliminary experiments show that PL is significantly quenched, ∼2–5%, by concentrations of ∼30ppm SO 2 in Ar.
Active commuting to and from school and BMI in elementary school children – preliminary data

BACKGROUND: United States National Health Objectives include increasing the proportion of trips made by walking to and from school for children who live within 1.6 km to 50%. The purpose of this objective is to increase the level of physical activity among children. However, the impact of walking, bicycling or skating (active commuting) to and from school on the prevalence of overweight is unknown. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) was measured for 320 children (age 10.2+/-0.7 years) in September. Over 5 months, an active commuting index (SI) and daily physical activity were estimated via questionnaire. In April, BMI and body fat were measured. RESULTS: A significant positive association was found between April BMI and SI adjusting for September BMI (partial r=0.03, P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary data suggests that active commuting does not appear to provide sufficient amounts of physical activity to attenuate BMI; however, it may contribute to the attainment of physical activity recommendations. Future research is needed to objectively measure the impact of active commuting on the prevalence of overweight. KW: SR2S Language: en
Towards a software framework for Model Interoperability

Modern mathematical models for simulation of various systems are becoming increasingly complex and intricate. Since no one model can simulate every aspect of a system, the need for these models to be broken into their component parts is imperative for accuracy and maintainability. However, no model can operate alone without data from an outside source, and so further efforts in the Model Interoperability area of research are necessary. Model Interoperability is dedicated to finding methods with which to couple two or more models. This coupling would allow the models to utilize each other's data to produce more comprehensive and more accurate results. There are several methods for model interoperability, including monolithic, component, scheduled, and communication. Also, there are solutions to the problem of model coupling that use one or more of those methods, but most of them require significant code modification. The goal of the software framework proposed in this paper is to minimize the need for code modification and creation, provide a user interface through which to couple the models, and establish a library of models and other activities that the users of the system can utilize for their own model coupling needs.
Five HLA-DP Molecules Frequently Expressed in the Worldwide Human Population Share a Common HLA Supertypic Binding Specificity

Compared with DR and DQ, knowledge of the binding repertoires and specificities of HLA-DP alleles is somewhat limited. However, a growing body of literature has indicated the importance of DP-restricted responses in the context of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease. In the current study, we developed high-throughput binding assays for the five most common HLA-DPB1 alleles in the general worldwide population. Using these assays on a comprehensive panel of single-substitution analogs and large peptide libraries, we derived novel detailed binding motifs for DPB1*0101 and DPB1*0501. We also derived more detailed quantitative motifs for DPB1*0201, DPB1*0401, and DPB1*0402, which were previously characterized on the basis of sets of eluted ligands and/or limited sets of substituted peptides. Unexpectedly, all five DP molecules, originally selected only on the basis of their frequency in human populations, were found to share largely overlapping peptide motifs. Testing panels of known DP epitopes and a panel of peptides spanning a set of Phleum pratense Ags revealed that these molecules also share largely overlapping peptide-binding repertoires. This demonstrates that a previously hypothesized DP supertype extends far beyond what was originally envisioned and includes at least three additional very common DP specificities. Taken together, these DP supertype molecules are found in >90% of the human population. Thus, these findings have important implications for epitope-identification studies and monitoring of human class II-restricted immune responses.
Graph partitioning into isolated, high conductance clusters: theory, computation and applications to preconditioning

We consider the problem of decomposing a weighted graph with n vertices into a collection P of vertex disjoint clusters such that, for all clusters C e P, the graph induced by the vertices in C and the edges leaving C, has conductance bounded below by φ. We show that for planar graphs we can compute a decomposition P such that |P|
Aspects of river eutrophication in Ireland

L'eutrophisation des cours d'eau est un probleme different du probleme de l'eutrophisation des lacs. Il n'existe pas de criteres pour le phosphate fluvial dans la C.E.C. Directive pour les poissons d'eaux douces. Cet article etablit une comparaison entre les valeurs de phosphate et celles de la qualite biologique dans quelques 800 sites de rivieres irlandaises, pour une periode de trois ans. Cette analyse a montre que l'eutrophisation devient problematique quand le niveau annuel moyen d'ortho-phosphate (MRP) depasse 30 μg P 1 −1 . Un modele spreadsheet pour predire les valeurs de phosphate est illustre par un exemple de la riviere Deel du comte de Mayo. Ce modele utilise des equations de regression pour relier les debits ou les concentrations en phosphate avec les precipitations journalieres
‘Co-constructing’ Explicit L2 Knowledge with High School Spanish Learners through Guided Induction

This article documents how second language (L2) Spanish learners in an American high school formulated explicit grammar rules during three inductive lessons on the pronominal clitic se. Following Adair-Hauck et al. (2010), each lesson first presented a property of se within a narrative text, and then had learners inductively ‘Co-construct’ grammar rules in groups of 2–3. Groups then reported back to the class, with the teacher guiding them toward a consensus. Recordings of four small groups and the whole-class discussions revealed that although successful rule formulation occurred in all three lessons, outcomes varied according to: (i) time spent on task, (ii) the distribution of turn-taking, and (iii) participants’ familiarity with pertinent linguistic concepts. Variability in learners’ comprehension of peer explanations was also evident, as many requested clarification from the teacher or peers. Thus, learner-generated rules were often only ‘subjectively accessible’ to others, depending on whether references to previously learned grammatical concepts and improvised linguistic terminology could be understood. Implications for L2 pedagogy and the role of explicit knowledge in L2 acquisition are discussed.