cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Tests for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Defects in Cell-Mediated Immunity

The recent explosion of knowledge about the functions of the human immune system—in its cellular and molecular aspects— has permitted more frequent diagnosis and more precise definition of clinical immunodeficiencies. The definition of particular defects by immunological and biochemical means has in addition led to the development of rational therapeutic approaches, such as replacement therapy and immunomodulation (Fudenberg and Wybran, 1980). Advances in these areas have been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in human patients.
Waves, Particles, and Minds

Classical mechanics developed during the nineteenth century—due principally to the work of James Clerk Maxwell—into a form that involved two different kinds of physical stuff: “particles” and “waves”. Electrons are the prime example of particles, whereas “light”, in the form of the electromagnetic field, is the prime example of a wave. Particles are tiny, highly-localized structures, each with a center that, at each instant of time, is situated at one precise point in three-dimensional space, with the rest of the particle lying nearby.
Work Hardening and Work Conditioning

Since their inception in the late 1970s, work-hardening and work-conditioning programs have undergone metamorphoses. They have become less distinct and now offer more diverse services. This is primarily due to the ever-changing environment of health care, and the need to adapt to new consumer needs. Insurance demands, reimbursement issues, health care service trends, the adoption of disability management practices, and employee-employer relations are just a few variables influencing the practices of work-hardening and work-conditioning programs.
Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism

1. Serum magnesium concentrations may not reflect the state of whole body magnesium stores.
Morphine-induced modulation of immune status: Evidence for opioid receptor mediation and compartment specificity

There is considerable evidence that opioid use alters immune status. Studies of chronic opioid users indicate that increased susceptibility to infectious diseases such as hepatitis and endocarditis in this population is related to altered immune status (1, 2). In animals, chronic administration of morphine is associated with a decrease in a number of immune parameters (3). Although these studies suggest that opioids have immunomodulatory effects, it is not clear whether these effects are dose-dependent nor whether they can be attenuated by an opioid antagonist such as naltrexone.
Relating volatiles analysis by GC–MS to Oddy test performance for determining the suitability of museum construction materials

Conservators’ decisions regarding the suitability of museum construction materials for use in proximity to artworks still rely heavily on accelerated corrosion tests like the Oddy test despite widespread criticisms. These issues include inconveniently long wait times, sensitivity to only those pollutants capable of tarnishing metals, a general sense of unreliability, exaggerated environmental conditions, and subjectivity in assessing the test’s results. Increasingly, alternative strategies that use instrumental approaches involving volatiles sampling coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) are being explored as faster, more comprehensive, potentially quantitative, and possible more ‘objective’ means of assessing the dangers of off-gassing from museum construction materials. While many of these characteristics are now well documented, the objectivity of the instrumental result is arguable. While the detection of volatiles and semi-volatiles by GC–MS can confidently yield a list of potential pollutants, “chemical intuition” must be used to predict whether many of the emitted compounds can in fact adversely affect artwork. In this study, evolved gas analysis (EGA) coupled to GC–MS is used to predict the suitability of a small sample set of plastics for use in a museum. The potential impact of volatiles observed in the EGA chromatogram was assessed using chemical reactivity principles and the sparse literature data on the material damages caused by a small group of known pollutants. These same plastics were then tested using the British Museum’s 3-in-1 Oddy test. The prediction based on an educated chemical assessment of the compounds identified through instrumental analysis shows good correlation with pooled results from the Oddy test. In one of the two instances of disagreement, the EGA analysis was actually overly conservative and leaned toward prohibiting or restricting a material that passed the Oddy test. In the other, a material that failed the Oddy test but was passed by instrumental analysis was later shown to contain VOCs that could be considered corrosive. This trial suggests that with practice and experience instrumental approaches may be useful to supplement and perhaps one day supplant traditional accelerated corrosion testing of museum construction materials.
Molecular Prognostication in Bladder Cancer.

Clinical outcomes for patients with bladder cancer have largely remained unchanged over the last three decades despite improvements in surgical techniques, perioperative therapies, and postoperative management. Current management still heavily relies on pathologic staging that does not always reflect an individual patient’s risk. The genesis and progression of bladder cancer is now increasingly recognized as being a result of alterations in several pathways that affect the cell cycle, apoptosis, cellular signaling, gene regulation, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and tumor cell invasion. Multiplexed assessment of biomarkers associated with alterations in these pathways offers novel insights into tumor behavior while identifying panels that are capable of reproducibly predicting patient outcomes. Future management of bladder cancer will likely incorporate such prognostic molecular models for risk stratification and treatment personalization.
Reprocessable Polyhydroxyurethane Network Composites: Effect of Filler Surface Functionality on Cross-link Density Recovery and Stress Relaxation.

Conventional polymer network composites cannot be recycled for high-value applications because of the presence of permanent covalent cross-links. We have developed reprocessable polyhydroxyurethane network nanocomposites using silica nanoparticles with different surface functionalities as reinforcing fillers. The property recovery after reprocessing is a function of the interaction between the filler surface and the network matrix during the network rearrangement process. When nonreactive silica nanoparticles lacking significant levels of surface functional groups are used at 4 wt % (2 vol %) loading, the resulting network composite exhibits substantial enhancement in mechanical properties relative to the neat network and based on values of rubbery plateau modulus is able to fully recover its cross-link density after a reprocessing step. When nanoparticles have surface functional groups that can participate in dynamic chemistries with the reprocessable network matrix, reprocessing leads to losses in mecha...
Interleukin-13 Induces Rapid Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activation of Raf-1 Kinase in Human Monocytic Progenitor Cell Line U937

Abstract IL-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by Th0, Th1-like, and CD8 T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Its biological effects include suppression of cytotoxic activity of monocytes/macrophages and suppression of pro-inflamatory cytokine production. However, the mechanism of IL-13 remains unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of rhIL-13 on tyrosine phosphorylation in U937 monocytic progenitor cells by immunoblotting and immunocomplex kinase assays. We demonstrate that rhIL-13 stimulates dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins of Mr. 93, 80, 74, 49.5, 42, 30, 22 and 18 kDa within 30 sec. The effect of IL-13 was blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erbstatin. Furthermore, IL-13 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and rapid activation of raf-1 kinase. These findings provide the first evidence that the mechanism of IL-13 involves rapid tryrosine phosphorylation and activation of raf-1 serine/threonine kinase.
Salvage radiation therapy for localized recurrent ovarian cancer

Introduction To evaluate clinical outcomes for patients with localized recurrent ovarian cancer treated with salvage radiotherapy. Methods In a retrospective single institutional analysis, we identified 40 patients who received salvage radiotherapy for localized ovarian cancer recurrence from January 1995 to June 2011. Recurrent disease was categorized as: pelvic peritoneal (45%, 18), extraperitoneal/nodal (35%, 14), or vaginal (20%, eight). Actuarial disease-free and overall survival estimates were calculated by Kaplan–Meier and prognostic factors evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Median follow-up was 42 months. Median patient age was 54 years (range, 27–78). Histologic subtypes were: serous (58%, 23), endometrioid (15%, six), clear cell (13%, five), mucinous (8%, three), and other (8%, three). At the time of salvage radiotherapy, surgical cytoreduction was performed in 60% (24) and 68% (27) had platinum-sensitive disease. Most patients (63%, 25) received salvage radiotherapy at the time of first recurrence. Relapse after salvage radiotherapy occurred in 29 patients at a median time of 16 months and was outside the radiotherapy field in 62%. 18 At 3 years, disease-free and overall survival rates were 18% and 80%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, non-serous histology (hazards ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7) and platinum-sensitivity (hazards ratio 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5) were associated with lower relapse risk. Platinum-sensitivity was also associated with overall survival (hazards ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.0). Four patients (10%) were long-term survivors without recurrence 5 years after salvage radiotherapy. Of the five patients with clear cell histology, none experienced relapse at the time of last follow-up. Discussion Patients with non-serous and/or platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer had the greatest benefit from salvage radiotherapy for localized recurrent disease. Although relapse was common, radiotherapy prolonged recurrence for > 1 year in most patients and four were long-term survivors.
Evidence for Gradient Input Features from Sino-Japanese Compound Accent

This paper argues that pitch accent patterns of two-member Sino-Japanese compounds, hitherto considered unpredictable, can be strongly predicted by positing gradiently-valued accent features in the input, in the framework of Gradient Symbolic Computation "GSC", (Smolensky and Goldrick 2016). A simple machine-learning algorithm finds accent-affecting propensities = activations that collectively work for a set of compounds with frequently-occurring morphemes from the NHK corpus. I show that gradient input representations are needed to explain these kinds of phenomena. Examining a set of examples in which switches of morpheme order can change the accent pattern in ways that prosody cannot account for, I show that such phenomena can be explained by GSC but not by systems that have discrete-valued inputs and weighted, lexically-indexed constraints, thus providing evidence in favour of the GSC framework.
Local synthesis of hepcidin in the anterior segment of the eye: A novel observation with physiological and pathological implications.

Abstract Purpose The avascular cornea, trabecular meshwork (TM), and lens obtain iron, an essential biometal, from the aqueous humor (AH). The mechanism by which this exchange is regulated, however, is unclear. Recently we reported that non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells express ferroportin (Fpn) (Ashok, 2018b), an iron export protein modulated by hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis secreted mainly by the liver. Here, we explored whether ciliary epithelial and other cells in the anterior segment synthesize hepcidin, suggesting local regulation of iron exchange at this site. Methods Human and bovine eyes were dissected to isolate the ciliary body (CB), corneal endothelial (CE), TM, lens epithelial (LE), and outer epithelial cell layer of the iris. Total mRNA and protein lysates were processed to evaluate the synthesis and expression of hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide hormone, Fpn, the only known iron export protein, ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase necessary for iron export, transferrin receptor (TfR), a major iron uptake protein, and ferritin, a major iron storage protein. A combination of techniques including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total mRNA, Western blotting of protein lysates, and immunofluorescence of fixed tissue sections were used to accomplish these goals. Results RT-PCR of isolated tissue samples revealed hepcidin-specific mRNA in the CB, TM, CE, and LE of the bovine eye. Western blotting of protein lysates from these tissues showed reactivity for hepcidin, Fpn, ferritin, and TfR. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of similar tissues isolated from cadaveric human eyes showed expression of hepcidin, Fpn, and Cp in these samples. Notably, Fpn and Cp were expressed on the basolateral membrane of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, facing the AH. Conclusions Synthesis and expression of hepcidin and Fpn in the ciliary epithelium suggests local regulation of iron transport from choroidal plexus in the ciliary body to the AH across the blood-aqueous barrier. Expression of hepcidin and Fpn in CE, TM, and LE cells indicates additional regulation of iron exchange between the AH and cornea, TM, and lens, suggesting autonomous regulation of iron homeostasis in the anterior segment. Physiological and pathological implications of these observations are discussed.
Impact-produced seismic shaking and regolith growth on asteroids 433 Eros, 2867 Šteins, and 25143 Itokawa

Abstract Of the several near-Earth and Main Belt asteroids visited by spacecraft to date, three display a paucity of small craters and an enhanced number of smoothed and degraded craters: 433 Eros, which has a deficit of craters ≲ 100 m in diameter; 2867 Steins, which has a deficit of craters ≲ 500 m in diameter; and 25143 Itokawa, which has a deficit of craters ≲ 100 m in diameter. The purpose of this work was to investigate and model topographic modification and crater erasure due to impact-induced seismic shaking, as well as impact-driven regolith production and loss, on these asteroid surfaces. To perform this study, we utilized the numerical, three-dimensional, Cratered Terrain Evolution Model (CTEM) initially presented in J. E. Richardson, Icarus 204 (2009), which received a small-body (SB) specific update for this work. SBCTEM simulations of the surface of 433 Eros correctly reproduce its observed cratering record (for craters up to ∼ 3 km in diameter) at a minimum Main Belt exposure age of 225 ± 75 Myr using a ‘very weak rock’ target strength of 0.5–5.0 MPa, and producing a mean regolith depth of 80 ± 20 m, which agrees with published estimates of an actual regolith layer “tens of meters” in depth. SBCTEM simulations of the surface of 2867 Steins correctly reproduce its heavily softened cratering record at a minimum Main Belt exposure age of 175 ± 25 Myr using a ‘weak rock’ target strength of 2.5–5.0 MPa. Extending this simulation produces a mean regolith depth of 155 ± 5 m at a minimum Main Belt exposure age of 475 ± 25 Myr, in good agreement with the 145 ± 35 m actual mean regolith depth estimated from two chains of drainage-pit craters on the surface, with both crater density and regolith depth in an equilibrium state. SBCTEM simulations of the surface of 25143 Itokawa correctly reproduce its extremely sparse cratering record at a minimum Main Belt exposure age of 20 ± 5 Myr, using a ‘soft soil’ target strength of 10-20 kPa, and producing a mean regolith overturn depth of 5 . 0 ± 1 . 0 m, given that Itokawa is composed entirely of regolith and boulders. These simulations demonstrate the efficacy of impact-induced seismic shaking to erase small craters on the surface of asteroids ≲ 25 km mean diameter, correctly reproducing their observed cratering records while using a Main Belt impactor population and standard crater scaling relationships. These simulations also show that the observed regolith layer on asteroids in the 5-50 km size range can be generated entirely through impact cratering processes, and indicate that regolith depth can be used as a additional constraint on the surface age of a given asteroid.
Documentation Generation as Information Visualization.

Automatic documentation generation tools, or auto docs, are widely used to visualize information about APIs. However, each auto doc tool comes with its own unique representation of API information. In this paper, I use an information visualization analysis of auto docs to generate potential design principles for improving their usability. Developers use auto docs as a reference by looking up relevant API primitives given partial information, or leads, about its name, type, or behavior. I discuss how auto docs can better support searching and scanning on these leads, e.g. by providing more information-dense visualizations of method signatures.
How English-Speaking Teachers Can Create a Welcoming Environment that Allows Students to Maintain and Utilize their Language through Translanguaging: A Qualitative Case Study

This study analyzed how English-speaking teachers created a welcoming environment to allow students to maintain and utilize their first language through translanguaging in a high school class of English-language learners. This case study applied funds of knowledge as a theoretical framework to focus on how a ninth-grade class with two qualified English language arts teachers acquired new knowledge using five types of funds of knowledge: academic and personal background knowledge, accumulated life experiences, world views, and skills in an Urban-Multicultural Classroom. In a year-long effort, the researcher interviewed teachers and students, took field notes, collected instructional planning documents, and photographed students’ artifacts. The findings show that students grew in their construction of self-identity, developed their proficiency in two languages, and flourished in their multicultural competency while earning good grades.
The next horizon in precision oncology: Proteogenomics to inform cancer diagnosis and treatment

When it comes to precision oncology, proteogenomics may provide better prospects to the clinical characterization of tumors, help make a more accurate diagnosis of cancer, and improve treatment for patients with cancer. This perspective describes the significant contributions of The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium to precision oncology and makes the case that proteogenomics needs to be fully integrated into clinical trials and patient care in order for precision oncology to deliver the right cancer treatment to the right patient at the right dose and at the right time.
Mental Health, Smartphone Use Type, and Screen Time Among Adolescents in South Korea.

Purpose The excessive use of smartphones for social interaction is associated with mental health. However, few studies have considered the purpose of smartphone usage and screen time together. Therefore, we investigated the impact of smartphone purpose and screen time on mental health using data from the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). Participants and Methods A total of 54,243 adolescents answered items on purpose and screen time of smartphone use, stress perception, sleep dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, and suicide-related indicators. The purpose of smartphone usage was categorized as social interaction and non-social interaction, and the daily smartphone screen time was classified into three categories: < 2 hours, ≥ 2 hours but < 4 hours, ≥ 4 hours per day. Results We determined that, on weekdays, stress perception, sleep satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and suicide-related indicators worsened in both groups that used smartphones for ≥4 hours per day. When using smartphone for ≥2 hours but <4 hours per day on weekdays, depending on the smartphone use purpose, mental health outcomes differed between the two groups. On weekends, using smartphones for ≥2 hours but <4 hours per day worsened sleep satisfaction but decreased suicide-related indicators in both groups. Mental health outcomes improved when participants used smartphones for ≥2 hours but <4 hours per day but worsened when smartphones were used for ≥4 hours per day on weekends. Conclusion Recommended screen time of smartphone is different depending on the purpose of smartphone use, and the risk of uncontrolled usage is emphasized, rather than the absolute screen time.
Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology

Nucleic acids are increasingly used to build nanometer-scale structures that may be used in future nanotechnology devices. In his Perspective, Yan identifies two key goals in this area: to perform controlled mechanical movements, and to produce complex structures from simple molecular building blocks. He highlights the reports of Liao and Seeman, whose ribosome-like DNA devices mimic nature9s biological motors to create nanometer-scale machines, and of Chworos et al., who create nanometer-scale materials by organizing RNA components into precisely controlled ensembles. Yan identifies several areas, such as error correction and scaled-up self-assembly, that require particular attention if the potential of nucleic acid-based nanotechnology is to be fulfilled.
Geologic evaluation of remote sensing data, site 157, Awza-Borrego Desert, California

Remote sensing data were obtained at site 157 in May 1968 under mission 73 of the NASA aircraft program. The site is located in an area of high temperatures and extreme aridity immediately west of the Imperial Valley, Southern California. Site 157 is partially surrounded by pre-Cenozoic crystalline rocks exposed in the Fish Creek, Vallecito, and Tierra Blanca Mountains. The study area itself is underlain by more than 20,000 feet of sedimentary strata of late Cenozoic age.
A short course on Banach space theory

Preface 1. Classical Banach spaces 2. Preliminaries 3. Bases in Banach spaces 4. Bases in Banach spaces II 5. Bases in Banach spaces III 6. Special properties of C0, l1, and l 7. Bases and duality 8. Lp spaces 9. Lp spaces II 10. Lp spaces III 11. Convexity 12. C(K) Spaces 13. Weak compactness in L1 14. The Dunford-Pettis property 15. C(K) Spaces II 16. C(K) Spaces III A. Topology review.
Forensic Osteological Analysis: A Book of Case Studies

Forensic Osteological Analysis:. Book of Case Studies. Scott I. Fairgrieve. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1999. 340 pp.
Texture, spatial distribution, and rate of reservoir sedimentation within a highly erosive, cultivated watershed: Grenada Lake, Mississippi

[1] While more than 75,000 dams nationwide have served a multitude of purposes over the past 50 years, current emphasis is being placed on decommissioning those aged infrastructures considered environmentally harmful. Grenada Lake, a relatively large flood control reservoir in Mississippi, is located in a highly erodible region of the United States and is fed by historically unstable stream channels. Through a variety of stratigraphic analyses, postimpoundment sediments are identified in the reservoir, showing that the lake has lost a nominal 3% of its flood storage capacity since its inception in 1954. A simple sediment budget constructed for the Yalobusha River's contribution of channel-derived sediments shows that about 76% of this sediment remains stored upstream, about 16% is stored in the reservoir, and about 8% has exited the lake. Sediment delivery ratios, known to be low for relatively large watersheds, appear to be unaffected by upstream channel instabilities and aggressive channelization projects.
Screening of cervical cancer: where do we go from here?

Cytological screening of cervical cancer was initiated by a cytopathologist, George Papanicolaou, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Papanicolaou was studying hormonal maturation of the human vaginal mucosa when he n...
Modulating Charge Transfer through Cyclic D,L-α-Peptide Self-Assembly

We describe a concise solid support-based synthetic method for the preparation of cyclic D,L α-peptides bearing 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) side chains. Studies of the structural and photoluminescence properties of these molecules in solution show that the hydrogen bond directed self-assembly of the cyclic D,L α-peptide backbone promotes intermolecular NDI excimer formation. The efficiency of NDI charge transfer in the resulting supramolecular assemblies is shown to depend on the length of the linker between the NDI and the peptide backbone, the distal NDI substituent, and the number of NDIs incorporated in a given structure. The design rationale and synthetic strategies described here should provide a basic blueprint for a series of self-assembling cyclic D,L α-peptide nanotubes with interesting optical and electronic properties.
Magnetic studies of mesoporous nanostructured iron oxide materials synthesized by one-step soft-templating.

A combined magnetization and 57Fe spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study has been carried out on mesoporous nanostructured materials consisting of the magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) phases. Two series of samples were synthesized using a recently developed one-step soft-templating approach with systematic variations in calcination temperature and reaction atmosphere. Nuclear magnetic resonance has been shown to be a valuable tool for distinguishing between the two magnetic iron oxide spinel phases, Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3, on the nanoscale as well as monitoring phase transformation resulting from oxidation. For the Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 phases, peaks in the NMR spectra are attributed to Fe in the tetrahedral (A) sites and octahedral (B) sites. The magnetic field dependence of the peaks was observed and confirmed the site assignments. Fe3O4 on a nanoscale readily oxidizes to form γ-Fe2O3 and this was clearly evident in the NMR spectra. As evidenced by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, the porous mesostructure for the iron oxide materials is formed by a random close-packed aggregation of nanoparticles; correspondingly, superparamagnetic behavior was observed in the magnetic measurements. Although X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the spinel structure for the Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 phases, unlike NMR, it is difficult to distinguish between the two phases with XRD. Nitrogen sorption isotherms characterize the mesoporous structures of the materials, and yield BET surface area values and limited BJH pore size distribution curves.
Acetyl-ed question in mitochondrial biology?

Lysine acetylation on numerous mitochondrial proteins, targeted by the sirtuin deacylase SIRT3, has been proposed to play a major role in regulating diverse mitochondrial functions, particularly in the liver. A new study by Weinert, Choudhary, and colleagues, in this issue of The EMBO Journal, finds that the absolute levels of hepatic mitochondrial protein acetylation in wild‐type mice are extremely low and may be insufficient to exert regulatory effects.
The separation velocity of emerging magnetic flux

We measure the separation velocity of opposite poles from 24 new bipoles on the Sun. We find that the measured velocities range from about 0.2 to 1 km s−1. The fluxes of the bipoles range over more than two orders of magnitude, and the mean field strength and the sizes range over one order of magnitude. The measured separation velocity is not correlated with the flux and the mean field strength of the bipole. The separation velocity predicted by the present theory of magnetic buoyancy is between 7.4Ba −1/4 cot θ and 13 cot θ km s−1, where θ is the elevation angle of the flux tube at the photosphere (see Figure 9), B is the mean field strength, and a is the radius of the observed bipole. The rising velocity of the top of flux tubes predicted by the theory of magnetic buoyancy is between 3.7Ba −1/4 and 6.5 km s−1. The predicted separation velocity is about one order of magnitude higher than those measured, or else the flux tubes are almost vertical at the photosphere. There is no correlation between the measured separation velocity and the theoretical value, 7.4Ba −1/4. The predicted rising velocity is also higher than the vertical velocity near the line of inversion in emerging flux regions observed by other authors.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has, in general, been restricted to therapy for patients with angina pectoris. Thrombolytic therapy and guide wire recanalization have been used to recanalize coronary arteries in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. Recently we and others have examined the use of PTCA to recanalize the acutely occluded artery associated with the early evolving phase of myocardial infarction. PTCA was performed as definitive therapy in eight patients with acute myocardial infarction. Seven of these had totally occluded arteries to the region of infarct. The infarct-related artery was open within 20 minutes in each of these cases. PTCA recanalization resulted in evidence for reperfusion in each case. Residual stenoses either were not present or were minimal. The procedure was well tolerated. These preliminary results suggest that PTCA may be a reasonable alternative to intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in certain patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction.
Finite-size scaling analysis of the random-Tc model with anisotropy.

Using a double-\ensuremath{\epsilon}-expansion method, we performed a finite-size scaling analysis of the random-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ model with correlated impurities in the finite-size directions. Such calculations are necessary to understand low-temperature properties of disordered quantum systems close to a zero-temperature phase transition. Our results, which are actually not limited to the model considered, show exponentially small corrections in the regime of validity, the need for at least a second-order \ensuremath{\epsilon} expansion for a consistent theory, and confirm that the ratio of the finite size to the bulk correlation length in the correlated direction is the appropriate scaling variable.
Some properties of the ferroelectric lithium thallium tartrate

Lithium thallium tartrate monohydrate is ferroelectric below 12 ± 0.1°K. Contrary to earlier measurements, the true initial permittivity shows a peak at the transition temperature. Dielectric measurements suggest the transition to be second order. Below T0 there is evidence of a domain wall contribution to e which persists even to very weak fields. True ferroelectric polarization reversal appears very difficult and it is probable that a single domain state is not achieved even for poling fields of 10 kV/cm. At 6°K, P4 =0.12 μc/cm2 as obtained by extrapolation from the hysteresis loop. In the para-electric region a Curie-Weiss law is fulfilled between 13° and 300 K°with C = 1620, and there is no obvious need for considering any quantum effects. The temperature of the permittivity peak rises with biasing field, this shift reaching 7° for E = 10 kV/cm. The significance of the adiabatic correction in LTT is discussed; thermal data must complement the presented dielectric measurements for a full thermodynamic ...
Myocardial preservation by therapy with coenzyme Q10 during heart surgery

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural and essential cofactor in the heart. It is the primary redox coupler in the respiratory chain, a potent free radical scavenger, and a superoxide inhibitor. In this study the myocardial protective effects of CoQ10 were determined in high-risk (n = 10) patients during heart surgery compared to that found in placebo controls (n = 10). In both groups, there was a blood CoQ10 deficiency (< 0.6 microgram/ml), low cardiac index (CI < 2.4 l/m2 per minute), and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 35%) before treatment. CoQ10 (100 mg per day) was given orally for 14 days before and 30 days after surgery. Presurgical CoQ10 treatment significantly (P < 0.01) improved blood and myocardial CoQ10 and myocardial ATP compared to that found in the control group. Cardiac functions (CI and LVEF) were improved but not significantly. After cardiac cooling, rewarming, and reperfusion; blood and tissue CoQ10 and tissue ATP levels were maintained in the normal ranges in the CoQ10 patients. Cardiac pumping (CI) and LVEF were significantly (P < 0.01) improved. The recovery course was short (3-5 days) and uncomplicated. In the control group blood and tissue CoQ10, tissue ATP levels, and cardiac functions were depressed after surgery. The recovery course was long (15-30 days) and complicated. Positive relationships between blood and myocardial CoQ10, myocardial ATP, cardiac function, and the postoperative recovery time and course found in both study groups show the therapeutic benefits of CoQ10 in preserving the myocardium during heart surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
De Novo Design of Nonpeptidic Compounds Targeting the Interactions between Interferon-α and its Cognate Cell Surface Receptor

Type 1 interferons (IFN) bind specifically to the corresponding receptor, IFNAR. Agonists and antagonists for IFNAR have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus, respectively. Specific sequences on the surface of IFN, IFN receptor recognition peptides (IRRPs) mediate the binding and signal transduction when IFN interacts with IFNAR. Structural features of two such IRRPs, IRRP-1 and IRRP-3, were used as templates to design small molecule mimetics. In silico screening was used to identify the molecular structural features mimicking their surface characteristics. A set of 26 compounds were synthesized and their ability to interfere with IFN-IFNAR interactions was investigated. Two compounds exhibited antagonist activity, specifically, blocking IFN-inducible Stat phosphorylation Stat complex-DNA binding. Design principles revealed here pave the way toward a novel series of small molecules as antagonists for IFN-IFNAR interactions.
Binding of amine-substituted N1-benzenesulfonylindoles at human 5-HT6 serotonin receptors.

Abstract An examination of several amine-substituted analogs of N 1 -benzenesulfonylindoles reveals that although they bind at human 5-HT 6 serotonin receptors with high affinity, they are likely to bind in a dissimilar manner.
Localization and shear-crippling (kinkband) instability in a thick imperfect laminated composite ring under hydrostatic pressure

Abstract A fully nonlinear finite elements analysis for prediction of localization representing shear-crippling (kinkband) instability in a thick laminated composite (plane strain) ring (infinitely long cylindrical shell) under applied hydrostatic pressure is presented. The primary accomplishment of the present investigation is prediction of meso(lamina)-structure-related equilibrium paths, which are often unstable in the presence of local imperfections and/or material nonlinearity, and which are considered to “bifurcate” from the primary equilibrium paths, representing periodic buckling patterns pertaining to global or structural level stability of the thick cross-ply ring with modal or harmonic imperfection. The present nonlinear finite elements solution methodology, based on the total Lagrangian formulation, employs a quasi-three-dimensional hypothesis, known as layerwise linear displacement distribution theory (LLDT) to capture the three-dimensional interlaminar (especially, shear) deformation behavior, associated with the localized interlaminar shear-crippling failure. A thick laminated composite [90/0/90] imperfect (plane strain) ring is investigated with the objective of analytically studying its premature compressive failure behavior. Numerical results suggest that interlaminar shear/normal deformation (especially, the former) is primarily responsible for the appearance of a limit (maximum pressure) point on the post-buckling equilibrium path associated with a periodic (modal or harmonic) buckling pattern, for which a modal imperfection serves as a perturbation. Localization of the buckling pattern results from “bifurcation” at or near this limit point, and can be viewed as a symmetry breaking phenomenon. In order to investigate a localization of the buckling pattern, a local or dimple shaped imperfection superimposed on a fixed modal one is selected. With the increase of local imperfection amplitude, the limit load (hydrostatic pressure) decreases, and also the limit point appears at an increased normalized deflection. Additionally, the load–deflection curves tend to flatten (near-zero slope) to an undetermined lowest pressure level, signaling the onset of “phase transition” in the localized region, and coexistence of two “phases”, i.e., a highly localized band of shear crippled (kinked) phase and its unshear-crippled (unkinked) counterpart along the circumference of the ring. Interlaminar shear-crippling triggered by the combined effect of imperfection, material nonlinearity and interlaminar shear/normal deformation appears to be the dominant compressive failure mode. A three-dimensional or quasi-three-dimensional theory, such as the afore-mentioned LLDT is essential in order to capture the meso-structure-related instability failure such as localization of the interlaminar shear crippling, triggered by the combined presence of local imperfection and material nonlinearity.
Communicating research findings to readers of clinical nursing journals: Guidance for prospective authors

The dissemination of research through publication in professional journals is important for the advancement of pediatric nursing practice. Without knowledge of current research, practitioners cannot take actions to apply research to improve the health of the children and families they serve. To ensure that practitioners can make the most appropriate use of quantitative research findings, research publications must adhere to specific scientific standards for the conduct and reporting of research. This article is intended to guide nurse researchers to adhere to these standards and effectively communicate their research findings to nurses in clinical practice.
Mutual Partner Violence Mental Health Symptoms Among Female and Male Victims in Four Racial/Ethnic Groups

This study examines racial/ethnic and sex differences in the prevalence of mutual intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health symptoms. The authors asked 676 university students in heterosexual relationships if they had experienced IPV, coercive victimization, and/or perpetration as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatization. Analyses were conducted separately for female and male respondents in four racial/ethnic groups, totaling eight groups (female and male groups each for African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, and European Americans). Men, as compared to women, reported stronger correlations between IPV perpetration and IPV victimization, with Asian American men reporting the highest associations of any group. Additionally, experiencing higher partner and coercive violence was significantly related to increased mental health symptoms for all groups except Asian American men. Taken together, these findings suggest that the majority of couples experience mutual violence that elicits mental health problems for both members of the couple.
Sub-micron ferroelectric domain engineering in liquid phase epitaxy LiNbO3 by direct-write e-beam techniques

Abstract In this paper, we report the effects of direct-write e-beam parameters on achieving sub-micron periodic domain structures in homoepitaxial liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) LiNbO 3 thin films. We have studied the effects of the e-beam acceleration voltage, the areal dose, and the scanning speed on the domain structure regularity, and we have obtained optimal conditions for achieving improved structures. The most regular structures appear at acceleration voltages higher than 20 kV and areal dose ranges of 350–450 μC/cm 2 with lower scanning speeds. Under these optimal conditions we have fabricated approximately 500 μm-long gratings with 1.1 μm periods consisting of ∼180 nm domains. By simulating the optical reflectance based on a transfer matrix analysis, we have shown that the grating has a reflectance close to that of a perfect grating, in spite of the existence of stitching errors. The results indicate that using this fabrication approach, a switchable Bragg filter for optical communications may be fabricated by direct-write e-beam sub-micron domain engineering in LPE LiNbO 3 .
Outcome Benchmarks for Adaptations of Research-Supported Treatments for Adult Traumatic Stress.

This article provides benchmark data on within-group effect sizes from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of research-supported treatments (RSTs) for adult traumatic stress. Agencies can compare these benchmarks to their treatment group effect size to inform their decisions as to whether the way they are adopting or adapting one of these RSTs is satisfactory or needs to be modified or replaced by a different intervention approach. These benchmarks also have potential utility for future implementation of research efforts about these RSTs that can assess what service provision conditions are associated with effect sizes that resemble the benchmarks provided in this study. Language: en
Fragile X for the obstetrician and gynecologist

The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of genetic-based mental retardation. Mutations of the fragile X gene occur as a spectrum of genetic changes. Both premutations and full mutations are associated with a variety of clinical syndromes including mental retardation, autism, premature ovarian aging and failure, and fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia. The mechanisms of inheritance of fragile X gene mutations are complex in that the mutation can change during transmission from one generation to the next. Womens’ healthcare providers should be aware of the association of fragile X premutations with early ovarian aging and premature ovarian failure. Women with the fragile X premutation are at increased risk of having offspring with fragile X syndrome. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends that women with an elevated level of follicle-stimulating hormone before the age of 40 years without a known cause; any child with a developmental delay, mental retardation, autism or autis...
Cable Motion of a Spinning Spring-Mass System in Orbit

Cable-connected spinning and orbiting satellite spring-mass system, deriving in-plane motion equations by Hamilton principle for numerical analysis
Evidence Against the Involvement of Galactosidase or Glucosidase in Auxin- or Acid-stimulated Growth

Research on the mode of action of auxin in the promotion of growth has shown that auxin treatment leads to hydrogen ion secretion and wall acidification. It has recently been reported that auxin stimulates cell wall β-galactosidase activity in Avena coleoptiles, presumably by causing cell wall acidification, since the pH optimum for the enzyme is about 5.0. It has been suggested that enhancement of β-galactosidase and/or other glycosidase activity mediates growth promotion by auxin or low pH. This hypothesis was tested by examining the effect of inhibitors of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase. Severe inhibition of measureable β-galactosidase or β-glucosidase activity was found to have no effect on auxin- or acid-promoted growth. It is concluded that neither β-galactosidase nor β-glucosidase plays an important role in short term growth promotion by auxin or acid. The data do not rule out the possibility that some other cell wall glycosidase is involved in auxin or acid action.
Expanded extrudates from corn starch–lamb blends: process optimization using response surface methodology

A central composite second-order design was used to study the effects of feed (raw material blend) moisture, process temperature, and screw speed on expansion ratio (ER) and shear-force (SF) of extrudates from blends of corn starch and lean lamb. Quadratic polynomial equations were obtained by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology. The predicted models were adequate when tested by the lack of fit and coefficient of determination. The validity of the models was also confirmed by experimental data. Regression analysis predicted an optimal (minimal) SF to be attained with 26.5% feed moisture, 148°C process temperature, and 134 rpm screw speed. This process condition was used in a companion study to produce and compare extrudates from blends of corn starch and lamb or mutton with similar extrudates produced with other meats. ©
Crystal structures of alkylperoxo and anhydride intermediates in an intradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenase

Intradiol aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenases use an active site, nonheme Fe3+ to activate O2 and catecholic substrates for reaction. The inability of Fe3+ to directly bind O2 presents a mechanistic conundrum. The reaction mechanism of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is investigated here using the alternative substrate 4-fluorocatechol. This substrate is found to slow the reaction at several steps throughout the mechanistic cycle, allowing the intermediates to be detected in solution studies. When the reaction was initiated in an enzyme crystal, it was found to halt at one of two intermediates depending on the pH of the surrounding solution. The X-ray crystal structure of the intermediate at pH 6.5 revealed the key alkylperoxo-Fe3+ species, and the anhydride-Fe3+ intermediate was found for a crystal reacted at pH 8.5. Intermediates of these types have not been structurally characterized for intradiol dioxygenases, and they validate four decades of spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational studies. In contrast to our similar in crystallo crystallographic studies of an Fe2+-containing extradiol dioxygenase, no evidence for a superoxo or peroxo intermediate preceding the alkylperoxo was found. This observation and the lack of spectroscopic evidence for an Fe2+ intermediate that could bind O2 are consistent with concerted formation of the alkylperoxo followed by Criegee rearrangement to yield the anhydride and ultimately ring-opened product. Structural comparison of the alkylperoxo intermediates from the intra- and extradiol dioxygenases provides a rationale for site specificity of ring cleavage.
An Investigation of the Influence of Cyclonic Airstreams on Midwestern Snowfall

Although previous climatological studies have investigated the relationship between cyclone frequency and trajectory and regional weather, analyses of structural airflow features and precipitation have been confined to meteorological case studies. In the following paper, the influence of Colorado cyclone airstreams on Midwestern snowfall is investigated using isentropic streamline maps for five cold season months. Results indicate that Colorado cyclones account for a minor percentage of Midwestern snowfall events and amounts. When snowfall is induced by Colorado cyclogenesis, diffluence and instability in the cold sector portions of the cyclone are the dominant lifting mechanisms.