cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EDWARDSIELLA ICTALURI

Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates collected over the past 7 yr from outbreaks of disease in fish occurring in different geographic areas were screened against 37 antimicrobial agents. Edwardsiella ictaluri were found to be susceptible to most agents active against gram negative bacteria such as aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, the “newer” penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and potentiated sulfonamides. Resistance was observed against colistin, sulfonamides, and several agents regarded as effective for gram positive bacteria. There was no evidence of unusual antimicrobial resistance associated with E. ictaluri or of developing resistance.
Understanding non-coercive, procedurally fair behavior by the police during encounters

Abstract Theories of procedural justice have emphasized the importance of non-coercive police behavior during encounters in obtaining citizen compliance and promoting police legitimacy. In the empirical research on police behavior, however, non-coercive police behavior has not been examined extensively. With social observations of police–citizen encounters, this study explored the correlates of police initiated non-coercive behavior (such as care, assistance, and advice/requests) in situations involving domestic and non-domestic conflicts. The non-coercive behavior was also examined in comparison with coercive behavior (such as use of verbal force, use of physical force, and arrest). The analyses found that police officers behaved differently in two types of situations, and that citizens’ characteristics such as gender, class, and demeanor had significant impacts on non-coercive police behavior. Implications for understanding police behavior and handling domestic conflict situations are also discussed.
A sensitivity analysis of simulated River Basin planning for capital budgeting decisions

Abstract The simulation model in this study is applied to the Grande Ronde River Basin which is located in northeastern Oregon. The exogenous variables in this study include: (1) hydrology data as based on 41 years of historical hydrology (uncontrollable exogenous variable); (2) capital sets as determined for three different sizes of two reservoirs or nine combinations (partially controllable exogenous variable); and (3) operating procedures as determined for three scales of irrigation development (partially controllable exogenous variable). The functional relationships for benefits entail relationships between hydrologie phenomena and benefits for seven uses of water. These seven uses include: (1) irrigation; (2) municipal and industrial water supply; (3) recreation; (4) salmon reared in reservoir; (5) resident trout in reservoir; (6) flood control; and (7) anadromous fish. The endogenous variables resulting from running the model include net present benefits and benefit-cost ratios for nine reservoir combinations and three operating procedures (a decision set of 27). The results from the runs indicate that some decision sets are clearly superior to others and reduces the choice set from 27 to three.
Study of photosynthetic productivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Importance of diel cycles and light penetration

Abstract Based on 14 C uptake assays, in vivo chlorophyll (chl) a fluorescence and HPLC pigment analysis, phytoplankton photosynthetic physiology and productivity in 24-h diel cycles were characterized at three stations in April and August 2012 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. The results indicated the sub-pycnocline primary production accounted for 5–48% of the total integrated primary production, emphasizing the important influence of euphotic zone in shallow coastal areas. During the diel cycles, chl a -specific light-saturated photosynthesis ( P m a x B ) as measured with photosynthesis versus irradiance curves ( P–I ) and the photoprotective pigment pool (diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, chl a ) showed phytoplankton acclimation to be strongly influenced by water column structure (mixing versus stratification). Changes in chl a fluorescence and transformations between photoprotective pigments were most recognizable in surface samples. The dominate phytoplankton groups (diatoms and cyanobacteria in April and August respectively) also influenced the measured photosynthetic parameters. The Northern Gulf of Mexico is a typical coastal ecosystem with high variability of nutrients, light (intensity and attenuation) and mixing. Our study provided evidence that phytoplankton in this area are adapted to changing environmental conditions by means of fast responses as well as long-term photoacclimation strategies. Understanding the major drivers could help us to improve models involving the calculation of primary productivity, such as those focused towards understanding mechanisms controlling hypoxia.
Quantitative Effects of Ion Pairing and Sterics on Chain Propagation Kinetics for 1-Hexene Polymerization Catalyzed by Mixed Cp′/ArO Complexes

A series of single-site catalysts with mixed cyclopentadienyl/aryloxide ligation were synthesized and used to polymerize 1-hexene. The effects of solvent, metal, counterion, and ligand structure were investigated by experiments and by DFT calculations. A solvent with a high dielectric constant led not only to an increase in the chain propagation rate but also to a change in the reaction order. Catalyst reactivity was found to be controlled by the difficulty of ion pair separation and steric congestion at the metal center, which were quantified from DFT simulation by SCF ion pair separation energies and ligand cone angles. A Cp*Ti(OC6H4-2-Br)Me2/B(C6F5)3 catalyst exhibits unusually high reactivity, which was correlated to the formation of a partial bond between the aryloxide ortho substituent bromide and Ti upon ion pair separation. Natural bond orbital analysis was used to quantify the order of this opportunistic ligation for a series of catalysts. Kinetic analysis and a structure−activity correlation wer...
Methodology for designing an optimum fuzzy tracker using genetic algorithms

A methodology for designing an optimum fuzzy tracker is presented. The method uses genetic algorithms and is based upon minimizing a weighted combination of performance criteria. The resulting fuzzy tracker gives a performance that is superior to that of traditional trackers and shows a marked improvement over fuzzy trackers designed without the use of genetic algorithms. An application is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Invariant imbedding and optimum beam design with displacement constraints

Abstract In the present paper, the condition of optimality for a beam under elastic foundation subject to a displacement constraint are derived from the calculus of variations and subsequently employed as the starting point in the development of a stable method for the numerical solution of the optimization problem. Using ideas of invariant imbedding and the method of successive approximations, the pertinent nonlinear boundary value problem is reduced to a two sweep iterative procedure in terms of a system of Riccati differential equations subject to initial values, exhibiting favorable stability properties. Two examples thoroughly developed, are finally presented to illustrate the application and the accuracy of the method.
Comparing Forest Decentralization and Local Institutional Change in Bolivia, Kenya, Mexico, and Uganda

Summary In this paper we assess the institutional and environmental impacts of forest decentralization in Bolivia, Kenya, Mexico, and Uganda. We develop theories of institutional impacts based upon the specific content of decentralization reforms. We classify each country’s reforms in terms of the creation/change in local user group empowerment and accountability mechanisms. Using data from the International Forestry Resources and Institutions Program, we estimate the effects of forest decentralization on local forest investments, rulemaking, wealth inequality, and forest conditions in the four countries. Some results support our theory, but the theory is insufficient to explain the full range of outcomes.
Hyperlipoproteinemia: Metabolic basis and rationale for therapy

Abstract Most forms of hyperlipoproteinemia are the result of at least 1 of 4 basic defects of lipoprotein metabolism. Hypercholesterolemia is most commonly due to decreased activity of receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL). A deficiency of LDL receptors can be caused by either a genetic defect in the structure of the receptor or metabolic suppression of receptor synthesis by genetic factors or dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. An elevation of triglycerides in chylomicrons or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) can be secondary to a reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase, and an increase in the catabolic remnants of these lipoproteins can be due to an abnormal isoform of apolipoprotein E, the apolipoprotein that mediates hepatic uptake of lipoprotein remnants. Finally, hepatic overproduction of VLDL can produce hypertriglyceridemia, or if there is a concomitant defect in clearance of lipoproteins, an accentuated increase of VLDL, remnants or LDL will occur. Thus, lipoprotein overproduction can give rise to multiple lipoprotein phenotypes in a single family. Specific therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia should be directed toward correcting these metabolic defects.
On The Limits Of Fiber Optic Fan-In And Fan-Out For Optoelectronic Logic

Historical objections to optical digital computing are critically examined. Theoretical limits for fiber optic fan-in and fan-out factors are discussed. The potential development of highly sophisticated optoelectronic programmable logic devices (OPLA's) based on high fan factor designs is considered. Statistical measurements of a fiber optic fan-out factor of 2940 are presented.© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On the stability and sound of an unforced flag

A linear theory is proposed for the motion and sound production of a flag in nominally uniform high Reynolds number flow. The flag is modelled as an elastic fluid-loaded filament subject to either clamped-free or fixed-free boundary conditions. Eigenfunctions describing standing waves in the absence of fluid loading are used to expand the loaded flag deflection. The resulting temporal stability problem is analysed and the neutral curve and modes of motion describing the transition to instability are discussed in detail for each boundary condition. It is found that the fixed-free flag is considerably more stable than the clamped-free flag. In the limit of a very heavy flag, instability sets in as a resonant standing wave, while lighter flags exhibit flutter (convective) instability. Acoustic radiation of dipole type is calculated and discussed in the limit where the flag is acoustically compact. At the onset of instability it is found that the acoustic pressure is dominated by the contribution from the wake and that light flags are noisier than heavy.
Extension of lattice cluster theory to strongly interacting, self-assembling polymeric systems

A new extension of the lattice cluster theory is developed to describe the influence of monomer structure and local correlations on the free energy of strongly interacting and self-assembling polymer systems. This extension combines a systematic high dimension (1/d) and high temperature expansion (that is appropriate for weakly interacting systems) with a direct treatment of strong interactions. The general theory is illustrated for a binary polymer blend whose two components contain “sticky” donor and acceptor groups, respectively. The free energy is determined as an explicit function of the donor-acceptor contact probabilities that depend, in turn, on the local structure and both the strong and weak interactions.
Reduction of iminium ethers with sodium boro[3H] hydride. Preparation of tritium labelled clomiphene and nitromiphene (CI 628)†

The preparation of [3H]-clomiphene and [3H]-nitromiphene from amido precursors in a two-step reaction sequence utilizing NaB H4 is described. The radiochemical yield and specific activity of the former are 34% and 16 mCi/mmol and those of the latter were 42% and 20 mCi/mmol, respectively. The method described is of micromolar scale designed for maintaining cost economy in the purchase of expensive radiolabelled reagents while yielding final products of sufficient radioactivity for in vitro and in vivo metabolism studies.
Raman scattering in nonplanar poly(vinylidene fluoride)

The Raman scattering of nonplanar (form 2) poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) is described. Unique Raman bands not observed in the infrared spectra are found at 2973, 1437, 1327, 1198, and 1059 cm−1. Band assignments are discussed by comparing infrared and Raman spectra of form 2 PVF2.
Effect of Quantum Voltage Fluctuations on the Resistance of Normal Junctions

Les fluctuations quantiques de tension provoquent la variation de resistance de ces jonctions avec la temperature et la frequence
Fetus in fetu: Molecular analysis of a fetiform mass

Fetus-in-fetu is a rare condition presenting as a calcified intra-abdominal mass in the new-born infant. Over 50 cases of fetus-in-fetu have been reported since 1800. Karyotype analysis in 8 cases and protein polymorphisms in 4 documented identical finding in the host and fetiform mass. We report a case of fetus-in-fetu in a newborn female including cytogenetic and molecular studies of both the host and mass. Genotypic information from 7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays representing 4 chromosomes demonstrates heterozygous and identical alleles in the infant and fetus-in-fetu at all loci studied. A review of the literature is provided including a discussion regarding the impact of moleculer data on present hypotheses of fetus-in-fetu pathogenesis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Establishing a real-time video link to Antarctica

On November 24, 1992, NASA engineers implemented a real-time video link between McMurdo Station in the Antarctic and the continental United States. The problems encountered and the solutions developed in establishing a network in a harsh and isolated environment provide valuable insights into the conditions space explorers will encounter in planetary exploration. These efforts have enabled subsequent breakthroughs in technology applications, education, and telepresence. >
Epidemiology and Familial Risk of Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in Utah

Background & Aims Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) are at risk for synchronous and metachronous lesions at the time of diagnosis or during follow-up evaluation. We performed a population-based study to evaluate the rate, predictors, and familial risk for synchronous and metachronous CRC in Utah. Methods All newly diagnosed cases of CRC between 1980 and 2010 were obtained from the Utah Cancer Registry and linked to pedigrees from the Utah Population Database. Results Of the 18,782 patients diagnosed with CRC, 134 were diagnosed with synchronous CRC (0.71%) and 300 were diagnosed with metachronous CRC (1.60%). The risk for synchronous CRC was significantly higher in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.06) and in patients aged 65 years or older (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02–2.21). Synchronous CRCs were located more often in the proximal colon (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20–2.41). First-degree relatives of cases with synchronous (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.37–2.53), metachronous (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.62–3.36), or solitary CRC (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.63–1.88) were at increased risk for developing CRC, compared with relatives of CRC-free individuals. Four percent of first-degree relatives of patients with synchronous or metachronous cancer developed CRC at younger ages than the age recommended for initiating CRC screening (based on familial risk), and therefore would not have been screened. Conclusions Of patients diagnosed with CRC, 2.3% are found to have synchronous lesions or develop metachronous CRC during follow-up evaluation. Relatives of these patients have a greater risk of CRC than those without a family history of CRC. These results highlight the importance of obtaining a thorough family history and adhering strictly to surveillance guidelines during management of high-risk patients.
Feasible Nonparametric Estimation of Multiargument Monotone Functions

Abstract This article presents a two-stage estimation procedure that uses an ad hoc but very easily implemented isotonization of a kernel estimator. This procedure yields an isotonic estimator with the convergence properties of the kernel estimator. Although the isotonization in the second stage does not satisfy the least squares condition, this hybrid estimator may be considered to be a multidimensional generalization of similar procedures for the one-dimensional case suggested by Friedman and Tibshirani and by Mukarjee. We derive some of the asymptotic properties of our estimator and demonstrate other statistical properties with Monte Carlo studies. We conclude by providing a real data example.
Vibrational spectroscopy of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane-d0, -d2, and -d4: the equilibrium structure of difluorocyclopropane.

IR and Raman spectra are reported for 1,1-difluorocyclopropane-d0, -d2, and -d4, and complete assignments of vibrational fundamentals are given for these species. These assignments are consistent with predictions of frequencies, intensities, and Raman depolarization ratios computed with the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ quantum chemical (QC) model. Ground state rotational constants for five 13C and deuterium isotopomers, obtained from published microwave spectra, were “corrected” into equilibrium rotational constants. The needed vibration−rotation interaction constants were computed with QC models after scaling the force constants. A semi-experimental equilibrium structure, fitted to the equilibrium moments of inertia, is rC1C = 1.470(1) A, rCC = 1.546(1) A, rCF = 1.343(1) A, rCH = 1.078(1) A, αFCF = 109.5(1), αFCC = 119.4(1)°, αHCH = 116.7(1)°, αC1CH = 117.4(1)°, and αCCH = 117.1(1)°. This structure agrees within the indicated uncertainties with the ab initio structure obtained from an extrapolated set of CCSD(T)/aug-cc...
Systematic Identification of Drugs of Abuse I: Spot Tests

More than 40 of the most commonly encountered street drugs were subjected to several spot tests. These tests were carried out in a special sequence leading to the construction of a flowsheet. Thus, with a limited number of simple tests, it is possible to identify tentatively or narrow down the drug. Since each drug investigated was subjected to all selected tests, whether such tests were developed for this type of compound or not, some unexpected and undocumented results were obtained.
Peptide epitope binding specificity and V K and V H gene usage in a monoclonal IgM natural autoantibody to T cell receptor CDR1 from a viable motheaten mouse.

Autoantibodies (AAbs) to T cell receptor (TCR) determinants are produced in humans during the course of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus as well as in retroviral infections. We have examined the binding specificity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies derived from mutant viable motheaten (mev) mice against several TCR peptide determinants representing the complementary determining region 1 (CDR1) regions of various Vβ families, and have identified one mAb, UN37–5, that shows high affinity binding with specificity for two CDR1 peptide determinants. The light and heavy chain V genes of UN37–5 were sequenced and compared to known V genes. The UN37–5 VH gene sequence represents the VHJ606 family and is most similar to a previously reported VH gene derived from a germline DNA fragment representing a unique J606 family VH gene. This germline VH gene is also used by previously characterized mev derived mAbs directed against thymocyte and RBC antigens. The UN37–5 VL gene sequence represents th...
Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the likelihood of major depressive disorder during pregnancy.

Objective: We assessed the relation between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the likelihood of major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy and tested whether this association was modified by gestational weight gain. Method: Women (N = 242) were enrolled at < 20 weeks gestation into a prospective cohort study. Diagnosis of MDD was made with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV at 20, 30, and 36 weeks gestation. Gestational weight gain was compared with the 1990 Institute of Medicine weight gain recommendations. To assess the independent association between prepregnancy BMI and the odds of MDD, MDD at each time point was used as the dependent measure in a multivariable longitudinal logistic regression model employing generalized estimating equations. The data were collected from 2003-2007. Results: There was a strong, positive dose-response association between prepregnancy BMI and the likelihood of MDD (P=. 002 ). Compared with a BMI of 18, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for BMIs of 23, 28, and 33 were 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7), 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9), and 2.6 (1.4 to 4.3), respectively. Gestational weight gain significantly modified this effect. Among women with weight gains within and above the 1990 Institute of Medicine recommendations, pregravid overweight was associated with a greater likelihood of MDD. In contrast, all women with weight gains below recommended levels had an elevated odds of depression regardless of their pregravid BMI (P<.05). Conclusions: Because pregravid overweight, poor gestational weight gain, and MDD all pose substantial risks for fetal development and birth outcomes, health care providers should monitor depression levels in these women to facilitate appropriate depression intervention.
RECONCEPTUALIZING SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR PERSONS WITH CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS

As human service systems attempt to integrate persons with disabilities, particularly those with challenging behaviors, into the mainstream of society, use of positive behavioral supports must be implemented. Training of persons in the formal and informal support systems must also be reconceptualized in the context of using positive behavioral supports. This paper addresses some current issues related to the use of such supports and training in the delivery of human services.
Diacenaphtho[1,2-c: 1′,2′-e]-1,2-dithiin: Synthesis, structure and reactivity

Abstract Diacenaphtho[1,2-c:1 ′ ,2 ′ -e]-1,2-dithiin 2 was synthesized in 23% yield by the reaction of acenaphthylene with elemental sulfur at 120 °C. This reaction also afforded either diacenaphtho[1,2-b:1 ′ ,2 ′ -d]thiophene 1 or diacenaphtho[1,2-b:1 ′ ,2 ′ -e]-dihydro[e]-1,4-dithiin 3 depending on the reaction time. Compound 2 was desulfurized and converted to 1 under UV–vis irradiation in a benzene solution. Reaction of 2 with Pt(COD) 2 yielded the complex Pt(COD)(C 24 H 12 S 2 ) 4 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) by insertion of a Pt(COD) group into the S–S bond of 2 . When heated, 4 was desulfurized and converted to 1 by elimination of a (COD)PtS grouping. Compounds 1 – 4 were characterized crystallographically.
Effect of Shear and Torsion on the Plastic Collapse Load of a Pipe Section With a Circumferential Flaw

This paper focuses on the effect of shear force and torsion moment on the plastic collapse load for circumferentially flawed pipe sections with small and large diameter-thickness (D/t) ratios. Rigorous elastic-plastic finite element analyses are performed using bilinear kinematic hardening and Von Mises yield criteria. The comparison between the numerical results and predictions by the ASME B&PV Code Section XI Appendix C shows that including the effect of shear and torsion (separate from bending moment) may result in plastic collapse loads varying from those predicted by the ASME Section XI Appendix C.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Roll cooling and its relationship to roll life

Combined experimental and numerical research has been conducted to investigate the roll cooling system used in steel rolling mills and its relationship to roll life. Roll cooling has been identified as a critical factor in the problems of excessive roll wear or spalling, which cause shortened roll life. A special laboratory apparatus resembling the cooling systems used in the steel mills has been developed to evaluate the corresponding heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients have then been utilized for numerical simulation of the rolling processes. In simulation, the thermal behavior of both the roll and the strip have been considered with emphasis on roll temperature and the induced cyclic thermal stresses. An understanding of the cyclic stress can be utilized to evaluate roll wear, and leads to reduction of the roll spalling, or to extension of the roll life by minimizing the cyclic stress or the resultant fatigue stress. As indicated by the present study, in order to minimize the cyclic or fatigue stresses, the roll should be subjected to uniform cooling, as the sharper the heat transfer coefficient distribution, the higher the thermal stress induced.
Symptoms and Reflux in Infants: Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R)—Utility for Symptom Tracking and Diagnosis

Answering a need for a thoroughly validated infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire, the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) was designed, refined, and validated using state-of-the-art psychometric methods. Diagnostic and evaluative (tracking) validity was identified. However, perplexing results of some clinical trials using the I-GERQ-R for diagnosis prompted analysis of possible reasons, including ambiguities in defining symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and aspects of the validation process. Symptomatic GERD is defined by “troublesomeness” of symptoms and attribution of their causation to reflux—two crucial issues. Methods of quantifying symptom-reflux associations are described and their limitations identified. The location of “symptomatic esophageal GERD” in the continuum of erosive GERD, histologic GERD, and nonerosive reflux disease is indicated, with the last including “suberosive,” “premicroscopic,” and “functional heartburn” subcategories. Another category is defined solely by surrogate measures of propensity to GERD (e.g., acid exposure thresholds defined on esophageal pH monitoring). During diagnostic validation of the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ) instruments, asymptomatic normals were contrasted with symptomatic GERD infants (who also tested positive with esophageal histology and esophageal pH monitoring). However, the diagnostic validation did not attempt to distinguish symptomatic GERD infants from symptomatic infants without GERD. The I-GERQ-R is thus adequately sensitive to be used diagnostically to screen infants for symptom burden, but should probably be supplemented by other, perhaps invasive, testing to assure appropriate specificity. The I-GERQ-R’s validation for evaluative properties, however, supports its use for tracking symptoms within clinical trials.
Political Knowledge after September 11

In this article, I examine how 9/11 and the subsequent efforts to combat terrorism have affected what people know about politics. My analysis suggests three main differences between knowledge before and after 9/11. First, knowledge of 9/11 and the “war on terrorism” shot up to uncommonly high levels, just as common sense and our theories would predict. The second point is less intuitive: Heightened interest spread to issues not directly related to the terrorist attacks and appears to have increased knowledge of politics more broadly. Finally, a comparison between knowledge related to 9/11 and general political knowledge reveals that some of the usual obstacles to learning did not matter in the aftermath of 9/11. A low sense of civic duty, lack of faith in government responsiveness, and a full-time job all kept people from getting informed about politics in general, but not from learning about the terrorist attacks and the war on terrorism.
Flower Induction in Japanese Chrysanthemums with Gibberellic Acid

Gibberellic acid, when applied in lanolin to apices of three Japanese varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium, induced bolting and flowering. These varieties are not sensitive to photoperiod but require a cold treatment in order to flower. On the other hand, the varieties of Chrysanthemum which belong to the short-day group are not induced to flower by gibberellic acid.
A river of no dissent: Narmada Movement and coercive Gujarati nativism

This article examines the Narmada Movement in Gujarat to illuminate the enduring modes of politics and collective identifications it engendered in the state. It shows how the movement engaged the instruments of democracy to forge a popular consensus around a coercive Gujarati nativism that became the touchstone of political action and helped consolidate a politics of Hindutva at the turn of the twenty-first century. It concludes by reflecting on the conundrum of democracy in Gujarat posed by this coercive nativism, namely, democracy's complicity in and vulnerability to popular support for exclusionary politics. This analysis elucidates the regional particularities of politics in Gujarat while also revealing the contradictory relationship among democracy, participatory social movements and exclusionary politics more generally.
First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Hawaii

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease, caused by the begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; family Geminiviridae), is an economically important disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that can be very destructive in tropical and subtropical regions (1). In October 2009, tomato plants showing stunted new growth, interveinal chlorosis, and upward curling of leaf margins were reported by a residential gardener in Wailuku, on the island of Maui. Similar symptoms were observed in approximately 200 tomato plants at a University of Hawaii research farm in Poamoho, on the island of Oahu in November 2009. The similarity between these symptoms and those of tomato yellow leaf curl disease and the presence of whiteflies (Bemisia spp.), the vector of TYLCV, suggested the causal agent was a geminivirus such as TYLCV. Total nucleic acids were extracted from a tomato plant sample from Wailuku and Poamoho and used in a PCR assay with degenerate primers PAR1c715 and PAL1v1978 for geminivirus detection (4). The ~1....
Comparison of multi-purpose cores of Keccak and AES

Most widely used security protocols, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Secure Socket Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer Security (TLS), provide several cryptographic services which in turn require multiple dedicated cryptographic algorithms. A single cryptographic primitive for all secret key functions utilizing different mode of operations can overcome this constraint. This paper investigates the possibility of using AES and Keccak as the underlying primitives for high-speed and resource constrained applications. Even though a plain AES implementation is typically much smaller and has a better throughput to area ratio than a plain Keccak, adding additional cryptographic services changes the results dramatically. Our multi-purpose Keccak outperforms our multi-purpose AES by a factor of 4 for throughput over area on average. This underlines the flexibility of the Keccak Sponge and Duplex functions. Our multi-purpose Keccak achieves a throughput of 23.2 Gbps in AE-mode (Keyak) on a Xilinx Virtex-7 and 28.7 Gbps on a Altera Stratix-IV. In order to study this further we also implemented two versions of a dedicated Keyak and dedicated AES-GCM. Our dedicated Keyak implementation outperforms our dedicated AES-GCM on average by a factor 6 in terms of throughput over area reaching a throughput of 28.9 Gbps and 4.1 Gbps respectively on a Xilinx Virtex-7.
Light-induced gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of young and aging rats

Abstract We investigated age-related changes in molecular mechanism associated with synchronization of circadian rhythms to the environment. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus contains a circadian pacemaker that regulates a variety of physiological and behavioral rhythms. Recent studies have demonstrated photic induction of immediate early genes (IEGs) such as c- fos in the SCN in a circadian-phase dependent manner, suggesting that IEGs may be part of the pathway for entrainment of circadian rhythms. We find that there is a decreased response of the IEGs c-fos, and NGFI-A but not NGFI-B in the SCN of old animals after photic stimulation. Changes in gene transcription indicated by IEGs may provide insights into the molecular machinery of the biological clock and ultimately elucidate mechanisms underlying the age-dependent decay of circadian organization.
Conservation of balance in the size of parties

For parties of unequal seat shares (si), the widely used effective number of parties (N = 1/Σsi2) offers an equivalent in equal-sized parties, but it needs a supplement to express the imbalance in ...
Electromagnetic scattering of waves by random rough surface. A finite-difference time-domain approach

Monte Carlo simulation of random rough surface is carried out using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The solution domain is truncated using a periodic and an absorbing boundary condition. The advantages of using FDTD include (1) matrix inversion is eliminated, (2) time-domain response is readily available, and (3) scattering intensities for a range of frequencies can be obtained simultaneously.
A Methodology for Updating Wind Turbine Capital Costs

Wind turbine cost models can become obsolete due a number of factors such as changes in manufacturing techniques and the price of raw materials. This paper illustrates that, in order to keep the models current, the Producer Price Index (PPI) should be included to escalate and deescalate the costs of producing wind turbine components. The PPI is incorporated into a popular cost and scaling model developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) by using the weighted averages of the PPI for each of the components of the turbine. A single PPI for the entire turbine is calculated which can be used to escalate the costs of the NREL model. The "wind turbine PPI " is then calculated for each year starting in 2002 and ending in 2010. The resulting updated turbine costs are inflated to 2010 US dollars and compared to wind turbine prices in the United States, as reported by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It is shown that the PPI is able to simultaneously predict the net effects of labo...
Modeling the neutron spin-flip process in a time-of-flight spin-resonance energy filter

A computer program for modeling the neutron spin-flip process in a novel time-of-flight (TOF) spin-resonance energy filter has been developed. The software allows studying the applicability of the device in various areas of spallation neutron scattering instrumentation, for example as a dynamic TOF monochromator. The program uses a quantum-mechanical approach to calculate the local spin-dependent spectra and is essential for optimizing the magnetic field profiles along the resonator axis.
Mechanical Instability After an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain

Objective To examine the natural recovery of mechanical laxity after an ankle sprain over an 8-week period. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Biodynamics research laboratory. Participants Subjects with an acute lateral ankle sprain (n=16; 7 men, 9 women; age, 19.5+/-0.7y; mass, 64.6+/-8.1 kg; height, 171.9+/-9.6 cm) and healthy controls (n=16; 7 men, 9 women; age, 20.4+/-1.7y; mass, 76.9+/-11.1 kg; height, 176.5+/-11.1 cm) participated. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Subjects with acute ankle sprains were tested 3 days after injury and again 8 weeks later. Anterior and posterior displacement (mm) and inversion and eversion rotation ( degrees ) were measured with an instrumented arthrometer. For each dependent variable, a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed. Results A significant interaction was found between group, time, and side for anterior translation (F=4.24, P=.05). There were also significant main effects for group. There was significantly more anterior displacement at day 3 (F=19.52, P=.001) and at week 8 (F=8.45, P=.010) in the injured group compared with the healthy group. There was also significantly more inversion rotation at day 3 (F=2.70, P=.002) and at week 8 (F=5.4, P=.033) in the injured group compared with the healthy group. Conclusions The lack of significant differences in mechanical laxity over an 8-week period suggests that natural recovery of laxity takes longer than 8 weeks. Further research needs to be conducted to examine how long this laxity persists and the role ankle rehabilitation plays in mechanical stability restoration.
Invariant light front perturbation theory

It is shown that with the introduction of an external lightlike vector, a light front perturbation theory for the S matrix in quantum field theory can be developed in which the individual terms in the series are invariant functions of the particle variables and the external vector. No limiting processes are involved. The dependence of the results on the external lightlike vector is discussed.
Demographic disparities in numeracy among emergency department patients: Evidence from two multicenter studies

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence and demographic disparities in limited numeracy among emergency department (ED) patients. Methods We performed two cross-sectional studies of ED patients with sub-critical illness in 2000–2001 and 2006. We enrolled 959 adult patients from 28 EDs in 17 US states and measured numeracy based on four validated questions. Results Rates of correct responses for individual numeracy questions ranged from 15% to 68%; only 11% of participants answered all questions correctly. Several demographic characteristics were independently associated with frequency of correct answers, including age (OR 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–0.97] per ↑5 years), race/ethnicity (compared to whites: OR 0.35 for blacks [95%CI, 0.20–0.63]; and OR 0.36 for Hispanics [95%CI, 0.19–0.69]), education (OR 4.74 [95%CI, 2.01–11.14] for high school graduates vs. not), health insurance (OR 1.70 [95%CI, 1.06–2.71] for those with private insurance vs. not), and income (OR 1.13 [95%CI, 1.05–1.22] per ↑$10,000). Conclusion We found a higher prevalence of limited numeracy among ED patients compared to the general population. Significant demographic disparities are consistent with previous observations for general health literacy. Practice implications Greater understanding of the high prevalence of limited numeracy may guide healthcare providers to simplify messages and communicate health information more effectively.
Characterisation of guanylyl cyclase genes in the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines.

Abstract Parasitism by the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, has become one of the major limiting factors in soybean production world-wide. A partial HG- gcy -1 cDNA clone was obtained by screening a H. glycines cDNA library with a probe derived from the HG- gcy 1 genomic sequence, and HG- gcy -1 full-length cDNA was obtained by nested PCR and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′ RACE). Two additional, full-length guanylyl cyclase cDNA clones from H. glycines , named HG- gcy -2 and HG- gcy -3, were recovered directly by screening the H. glycines cDNA library with a probe derived from sequence of the HG- gcy -1 catalytic domain. The encoded proteins of all three HG- gcy genes had an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, an intracellular protein kinase-like domain, and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. The three HG-GCY proteins had conserved cysteine residues to form disulfide bridges within the extracellular domain similar to the predicted ligand-binding domains of other known membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases. mRNA in situ hybridisation detected the expression of HG- gcy -1 and HG- gcy -2 transcripts in specific and different sensory neurons within H. glycines specimens. HG- gcy -3 transcripts were not localised in H. glycines specimens by in situ hybridisation. The discovery of the three guanylyl cyclase genes in H. glycines is the first of its kind in a plant-parasitic nematode and may be representative of a conserved gene family used for chemosensory recognition in parasitic nematodes.
Estrogen Receptor-β Agonist Diarylpropionitrile: Biological Activities of R- and S-Enantiomers on Behavior and Hormonal Response to Stress

Estrogens have been shown to have positive and negative effects on anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, perhaps explained by the existence of two distinct estrogen receptor (ER) systems, ERα and ERβ. The ERβ agonist, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) has been shown to have anxiolytic properties in rats. DPN exists as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, R-DPN and S-DPN. In this study, we compared R-DPN and S-DPN for their in vitro binding affinity, ability to activate transcription in vitro at an estrogen response element, and in vivo endocrine and behavioral responses. In vitro binding studies using recombinant rat ERβ revealed that S-DPN has a severalfold greater relative binding affinity for ERβ than does R-DPN. Furthermore, cotransfection of N-38 immortalized hypothalamic cells with an estrogen response element-luc reporter and ERβ revealed that S-DPN is a potent activator of transcription in vitro, whereas R-DPN is not. Subsequently, we examined anxiety-like behaviors using the open-field test and elevate...
Volume registration using needle paths and point landmarks for evaluation of interventional MRI treatments

We created a method for three-dimensional (3-D) registration of medical images (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography) to images of physical tissue sections or to other medical images and evaluated its accuracy. Our method proved valuable for evaluation of animal model experiments on interventional-MRI guided thermal ablation and on a new localized drug delivery system. The method computes an optimum set of rigid body registration parameters by minimization of the Euclidean distances between automatically chosen correspondence points, along manually selected fiducial needle paths, and optional point landmarks, using the iterative closest point algorithm. For numerically simulated experiments, using two needle paths over a range of needle orientations, mean voxel displacement errors depended mostly on needle localization error when the angle between needles was at least 20/spl deg/. For parameters typical of our in vivo experiments, the mean voxel displacement error was <0.35 mm. In addition, we determined that the distance objective function was a useful diagnostic for predicting registration quality. To evaluate the registration quality of physical specimens, we computed the misregistration for a needle not considered during the optimization procedure. We registered an ex vivo sheep brain MR volume with another MR volume and tissue section photographs, using various combinations of needle and point landmarks. Mean registration error was always /spl les/0.54 mm for MR-to-MR registrations and /spl les/0.52 mm for MR to tissue section registrations. We also applied the method to correlate MR volumes of radio-frequency induced thermal ablation lesions with actual tissue destruction. In this case, in vivo rabbit thigh volumes were registered to photographs of ex vivo tissue sections using two needle paths. Mean registration errors were between 0.7 and 1.36 mm over all rabbits, the largest error less than two MR voxel widths. We conclude that our method provides sufficient spatial correspondence to facilitate comparison of 3-D image data with data from gross pathology tissue sections and histology.
Asymptotic Distribution for a Generalized Banach Match Box Problem

Abstract Balls are drawn one after another from k cells C 1, …, Ck according to the multinomial distribution. Suppose the ith cell initially contains Ni balls, and sampling stops as soon as any of the k cells, say Cα , empties first. Let Xi denote the number of balls taken from cell Ci (all i ≠ α) at stopping time. The joint asymptotic (as Ni → ∞) distribution of the Xi (i ≠ α) is derived under the most general configuration of the multinomial cell probabilities p 1, …, pk. Conditions on pi and Ni are given under which the asymptotic distribution is shown to be either normal or truncated (restricted) normal. An application of the asymptotic distribution theory for Ni = N 0 (i = 1, …, k) in setting up approximate tests and confidence intervals for the largest pi is also given. Under certain conditions on pi and Ni it is shown that the asymptotic probability that Ci empties first is equal to the probability content of a positive orthant under a multivariate normal distribution.
Flow-through drying of porous media

The flow of a gas (saturated or dry) through a porous medium, which is partially occupied by a liquid phase, causes evaporation. The latter occurs, even if the inlet gas is fully saturated, as a result of volume expansion. This process, referred to as flow-through drying, is important in a variety of natural and industrial applications, such as convective drying, fuel cells, and natural gas production, which is the context of this work. In this article, a mathematical model is developed to understand the process and to predict drying rates and the evolution of liquid saturation profiles. The model includes the effects of gas compressibility and capillarity. Compressibility effects account for the evaporation into the saturated gas phase, whereas the capillary pressure gradients cause the liquid flow that leads to spreading of the saturation profile. Two important parameters, a normalized viscous pressure drop across the medium and capillary “wicking” number, control the two respective regimes. Capillary-driven flow from regions of high saturation to regions of low saturation leads to more uniform saturation profiles or spreading drying fronts. The results are compared against experimental data obtained by X-ray imaging. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Asymptotic Distribution of Absorbing Sets and Fully Absorbing Sets for Regular Sparse Code Ensembles

It is well recognized that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can suffer from an error floor when decoded iteratively. This performance degradation is often attributed to the class of objects known as trapping sets. Past work has focused on characterizing the distribution of trapping sets for a variety of code ensembles, including regular, irregular and structured LDPC codes. As a subset of the trapping set collection, there exists a class of graphical structures called the absorbing sets. An absorbing set is a combinatorially-defined object; in particular a fully absorbing set is stable under bit-flipping decoding. By construction, there can exist trapping sets that are not stable under such a decoder. As a result, for finite-precision, iterative decoding algorithms used over additive channels, absorbing sets can describe decoding errors more accurately than the broader class of trapping sets. In this paper, we compute the normalized logarithmic asymptotic distributions of absorbing sets and fully absorbing sets, including elementary (fully) absorbing sets. The calculations are based on the trapping set enumeration method proposed by Milenkovic, Soljanin, and Whiting in [1]. We compare distributions of absorbing and trapping sets for representative code parameters of interest, and quantify the (lack of) discrepancies between the two. Good absorbing set properties are implied for known structured LDPC codes, including repeat accumulate codes and protograph-based constructions. Establishing the distribution of fully absorbing sets (especially when the discrepancy with the trapping set distribution is significant) allows one to further refine the estimates of the error rates under bit-flipping and related decoders.