cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wearing Expertise on your Sleeve: Increasing Customer Service Expectations through Employee Apparel: An Abstract

With technology increasingly integrated into the retail experience and a decrease in the availability of retail employees, the responsibility for initiating service encounters in a retail setting has shifted from employees to customers in many situations. However, as many as 90% of shoppers will leave without making a purchase rather than asking for help from an employee (Businesswire 2014), adversely impacting perceptions of service quality. This paper uses signaling theory, which is primarily concerned with differential access to information (Connelly et al. 2011), to look at the process through which shoppers create impressions of an employee. Employee apparel is proposed as a primary signal regarding anticipated service quality, which may act as a predictor of their wiliness to approach an employee.
Clinical and Anatomical Considerations for Management of a Complete Tear of the Distal Rectus Femoris Myotendinous Junction: A Rare Knee Extensor Mechanism Injury

ABSTRACT The knee extensor mechanism is a highly complex multilayered and reinforced structure. Quadriceps muscle injuries are considered to be common, particularly among athletes; however isolated rectus femoris injuries involving the distal myotendinous junction are considered to be exceedingly rare with very few case reports published to date. Thus, the presentation and diagnosis of this injury can be elusive and treatment is nonuniform. There is limited literature published advocating both nonsurgical and surgical management. We illustrate the clinical and radiologic presentation of a traumatic, nonsport-related distal rectus femoris muscle injury treated operatively. The presentation of this injury along with anatomical and clinical considerations is portrayed in detail. This case report contributes to the sparse literature regarding this injury and delineates management considerations.
Updating Statistical Measures of Causal Strength

We address Northcott’s (2005) criticism of Pearson’s correlation coefficient ‘r’ in measuring causal strength by replacing Pearson’s linear regressions by nonparametric nonlinear kernel regressions. Although new proof shows that Suppes’ intuitive causality condition is neither necessary nor sufficient, we resurrect Suppes’ probabilistic causality theory by using nonlinear tools. We use asymmetric generalized partial correlation coefficients from Vinod [2014] as our third criterion (denoted as Cr3) in addition to two more criteria (denoted Cr1 and Cr2). We aggregate the three criteria into one unanimity index, UI in [-100; 100], quantifying causal strengths associated with causal paths: Xi -> Xj , Xj -> Xi, and Xi Xj .
Recovery of the X-Ray Transient QX Normae (=X1608–52) in Outburst and Quiescence

We present optical and near-IR observations of QX Nor, the counterpart to the recurrent soft X-ray transient X1608-52, after its reappearance following the X-ray outburst in 1996 February. The object has been seen only once before, during an X-ray outburst in 1977. Data from 3 to 5 months after the outburst show the counterpart at a mean magnitude of R = 20.2 and variable on timescales of days. A comparison with identical observations in 1995 implies that the object has brightened by at least 1.8 mag in R following the X-ray outburst. We also detected QX Nor in the IR in both quiescence and outburst. A faint source is visible in the J but not the R band in 1995 May. These first observations in the quiescent state yield magnitudes and colors consistent with optical emission from a low-mass companion in the binary system, as is true in other soft X-ray transients.
Learning from Teaching Graduate Students How to Design Climate Change Education Programs

This chapter discusses lessons learned engaging my graduate students in education policy analysis at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in designing climate change education curricula in partnership with educational institutions around the world. Studying those programs developed by my students, I draw out seven cross-cutting themes about what such an approach yields for students, for the educational institutions they partnered with and for my own institution, while drawing parallels between those curricula and the graduate course in comparative education policy analysis in which these curricula were developed. In addressing those themes the chapter revisits some of the central arguments presented in the introductory chapter about the urgency and the challenges of enhancing the effectiveness of climate change education, and some of the key conclusions of critical reviews of the literature on education and climate change about the limitation of existing approaches to the subject.
Políticas e Poéticas da Infraestrutura

Infraestruturas sao formas materiais que permitem trocas por meio do espaco. Elas sao redes fisicas atraves das quais mercadorias, ideias, lixo, energia, pessoas e capitais financeiros circulam. Neste artigo, mapeio a literatura antropologica que busca teorizar a infraestrutura a partir da biopolitica, dos estudos de ciencia e tecnologia e das teorias de tecnopolitica. Tambem examino outros aspectos das infraestruturas que proporcionam diferentes significados e estruturas politicas por meio das dimensoes estetica, sensorial, do desejo e da promessa. The politics and poetics of infrastructure Abstract: Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological literature that seeks to theorize infrastructure by drawing on biopolitics, science and technology studies, and theories of technopolitics. I also examine other dimensions of infrastructures that release different meanings and structure politics in various ways: through the aesthetic and the sensorial, desire and promise. Keywords : Infrastructure, Technopolitics, Biopolitics, Aesthetics, Technology.
EFECTO DEL CATÉTER DE HEMODIÁLISIS EN LA PERMEABILIDAD DE FÍSTULAS ARTERIOVENOSAS

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que tiene el uso de cateteres de hemodialisis en la permeabilidad de fistulas arteriovenosas. Materiales y Metodos: Estudio observacional, analitico, tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se calculo un tamano muestral de 195 pacientes, seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir del total de pacientes diagnosticados con ERC terminal a quienes se les realizo su primera FAV entre enero del 2014 y diciembre del 2018. Como variables resultado se consideraron la trombosis de FAV y el tiempo de permeabilidad. Para el analisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado; RR (IC 95%); Curvas Kaplan-Meier; Regresion de Cox; considerando un valor de p significativo < 0.05 Resultados: El 52.3% utilizo cateter de hemodialisis, de los cuales el 49.5% presento trombosis de su FAV, versus el 17.7% del grupo sin este antecedente (p < 0.001); estimandose un riesgo de trombosis 2.7 veces mayor en pacientes con cateter previo a la confeccion de su FAV (IC 95% 1.7 a 4.4), quieres ademas presentaron un tiempo de permeabilidad significativamente menor (p < 0.001) en comparacion con pacientes sin antecedente de cateter (28.1 vs 43.9 meses). Discusion: A pesar de que uso de cateteres de hemodialisis se ha asociado clasicamente al desarrollo de estenosis venosa central, el mecanismo implicado que interfiere con el retorno venoso, altera el perfil hemodinamico y favorece el desarrollo de trombosis no ha sido establecido con exactitud. Conclusion: Identificamos el uso del cateter de hemodialisis como un factor de riesgo de trombosis de fistulas arteriovenosas, afectando significativamente su permeabilidad en el tiempo.
Terror and Democracy in West Germany

In 1970, the Red Army Faction declared war on West Germany. The militants failed to bring down the state, but this book argues that the decade-long debate they inspired helped shape a new era. After 1945, West Germans answered long-standing doubts about democracy's viability and fears of authoritarian state power with a 'militant democracy' empowered against its enemies and a popular commitment to anti-fascist resistance. In the 1970s, these postwar solutions brought Germans into open conflict, fighting to protect democracy from both terrorism and state overreaction. Drawing on diverse sources, Karrin Hanshew shows how Germans, faced with a state of emergency and haunted by their own history, managed to learn from the past and defuse this adversarial dynamic. This negotiation of terror helped them to accept the Federal Republic of Germany as a stable, reformable polity and to reconceive of democracy's defence as part of everyday politics.
Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife and marine mammals.

There are currently six named species of Brucella plus the newly discovered group of brucellae infecting marine mammals. Brucella melitensis is primarily a disease of goats and sheep that is present in most areas of the world where goats are raised. In humans, B. melitensis is considered the principal cause of brucellosis and is clinically the most severe. In the United States, disease caused by B. melitensis in animals is considered exotic, and nearly all cases of human infection are due to the consumption of imported unpasteurized goat cheese. Bison migrations outside Yellowstone National Park (YNP) boundaries have occurred with increased frequency since 1980, usually during the winter. When the bison migrate onto private land, they pose a potential threat of spreading brucellosis to domestic cattle, thereby putting the state's class free status at risk. The development of effective strategies to control and eradicate brucellosis from bison and elk in the greater Yellowstone area (GYA), from feral swine across the southern and central states, from reindeer and caribou in the arctic, and perhaps finally from marine mammals presents an unprecedented challenge. With the continuing emergence of this disease and these disease issues in free-ranging populations of wildlife, solutions can only be found based on good science, public education, and innovative, collaborative work between research scientists, regulatory and wildlife veterinarians, and wildlife managers.
Recent trends in Arctic sea ice and the evolving role of atmospheric circulation forcing, 1979—2007

This study documents the evolving trends in Arctic sea ice extent and concentration during 1979―2007 and places them within the context of overlying changes in the atmospheric circulation. Results are based on 5-day running mean sea ice concentrations (SIC) from passive microwave measurements during January 1979 to October 2007. Arctic sea ice extent has retreated at all times of the year, with the largest declines (0.65 × 10 6 km 2 per decade, equivalent to 10% per decade in relative terms) from mid July to mid October. The pace of retreat has accelerated nearly threefold from the first half of the record to the second half, and the number of days with SIC less than 50% has increased by 19 since 1979. The spatial patterns of the SIC trends in the two halves of the record are distinctive, with regionally opposing trends in the first half and uniformly negative trends in the second half. In each season, these distinctive patterns correspond to the first two leading empirical orthogonal functions of SIC anomalies during 1979-2007. Atmospheric circulation trends and accompanying changes in wind-driven atmospheric thermal advection have contributed to thermodynamic forcing of the SIC trends in all seasons during the first half of the record and to those in fall and winter during the second half. Atmospheric circulation trends are weak over the record as a whole, suggesting that the long-term retreat of Arctic sea ice since 1979 in all seasons is due to factors other than wind-driven atmospheric thermal advection.
A reconfigurable SoC architecture and caching scheme for 3D medical image processing

This paper deals with the reconfigurable SoC (system-on-chip) architecture and a 3D caching scheme targeted to Virtex II Pro FPGAs, to accelerate a broad range of 3D medical imaging algorithms. To achieve high computational bandwidth, architectural parallelisms are exploited at three different levels: brick operation cycle, multiple parallel data-stream processing and deep pipeline architecture for data-stream processing.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with Libman-Sachs endocarditis in a 9-month-old infant with neonatal lupus erythematosus and congenital heart block.

Since the first report of a patient with a congenital discoid lupus erythematosus rash in 1954 by McCuistion and Schoch, multiple instances of neonatal lupus erythematosus have been described. It is now a well-described syndrome of congenital heart block, transient rash, or both, associated with transplacental passage of antibodies to Sjogren9s syndrome A (Ro/SSA) from mothers with overt or latent connective tissue disease. The syndrome usually resolves when the infant is 6 months of age. Neonatal lupus erythematosus without congenital heart block is thus thought to be a transient, relatively benign, phenomenon. Even with congenital heart block, the prognosis can still be good, especially in the absence of structural cardiac abnormality.
A Natural Taxonomy for Digital Information Authentication Schemes

There are two objectives that prompt the authentication of information; one is to verify that the information was, in all probability, actually originated by the pur- ported originator, i.e., source identification, the other is to verify the integrity of the information, i.e., to establish that even if the message was originated by the authorized source, that it hasn’t been subsequently altered, repeated, delayed, etc. These two objectives are normally treated in the theory of authentication as though they are inseparable, and will also be treated in that way here, although recent results by Cham [l] demonstrating message integrity with source anonymity and by Fiat and Shamir [Z], by Goldreich, Micali and Wigderson [3], and by others demon- strating verification of source identity with no additional information exchange show that the functions can in some instances be separated. The relevance of this comment to the subject matter of this paper is that it suggests that there may be a fourth independent coordinate in information authentication besides the three that will be discussed here. In spite of considerable effort, we have been unable to produce a convincing argument for or against this being the case, so we only mention the possibility for completeness.
Prescribed mental attitudes in goal-adoption and norm-adoption

The general aim of this work is to show the importance of the adressee's mind as planned by the author of a speech act or of a norm; in particular, how important are the expected motivations for goal adoption. We show that speech acts differ from one another for the different motivations the speaker is attempting to obtain from the hearer. The description of the participants' social positions is not sufficient. Important conflicts can arise which are not relative to what to do, but to the different motives requested by the speaker. This view is applied to norms, pointing out that what is required by a norm is not only a behaviour but also a mental attitude, and that the prescribed mind might be even more important than the prescribed behaviour. Norms don't want just behavioural conformity, but also that this conformity implies an acknowledgement and a reinforcement of both the authority and the norm itself. Norms ask for submission. Any form of norm is aimed at influencing the addressee by changing his or her mind.
Fluid flow in soft-walled tubes part 2: behaviour of finite waves.

The flow of an incompressible fluid in a soft-walled tube is investigated with regard to the behaviour of waves with large amplitude. Several tube substances with analytical pressure area relationships are investigated and the wave steepening and wave-superimposition behaviour determined. The effects of tube cross-sectional-area change and change in tube stiffness are investigated to determine the reflection and transmission characteristics of an interacting wave. Numerical examples are included.
Transient dynamic elastic frictional contact: A general 2D boundary element formulation with examples of SH motion

Abstract An algorithm for the study of nonlinear, transient, dynamic, elastic interaction of two bodies across a rough frictional interface is presented. The cases of a single dissimilar inclusion in another media and of an interface, fault or flaw, in an otherwise homogeneous body are subclasses of the general case considered here. An incremental, iterative, time-domain, 2D boundary element method (BEM) formulation is given, which treats both the in-plane and out-of-plane (SH) motion of two arbitrary rough elastic bodies in intermittent contact, which may also slide relative to each other, governed by Coulomb friction. Conditions of impact and release of contacting surfaces are also included. Numerical examples of time-harmonic and transient SH motion are presented for the interaction of (i) cylindrical and plane waves with a frictional interface between dissimilar elastic half-planes, and (ii) plane waves with a closed edge-crack with friction at the free surface of a homogeneous half-plane. Comparisons are made to available analytical solutions of several special cases of these problems.
Interrater reliability of the Handler Draw-a-Person scoring.

Summary—Draw-a-Person test scoring systems deeloped prior to 1967 had low levels of predictive validity and reliability estimates for these scales are rarely found in the literature. Then, in 1967, HandIer developed a set of scales for scoring anxiety indices in the Draw-a-Person test. The Handler scoring manual may offer more promise for future studies designed to validate the clinical and research use of human figure drawings. Reliability estimates reported in the present investigation provide independent support that Handlers scoring pro-cedures have high interrater reliabilities. The Draw-a-Person indices had a median interrater reliability of .90, this being congruent with the median co-efficient of .87 reported by Handler. The initial theoretical framework for the clinical use of the Draw-a-Person test was provided by Machover (1949). According to Machover, human figure drawings represent a projection of the patient's "body image" and therefore are a potential index of psychopathology. She proposed, for instance, that particular Draw-a-Person indicators reflect such specific disturbances as paranoia, guilt about masturbation or representations of somatic dysfunction. These and other proposals stimulated a long debate about the validity of clinical hypotheses de-rived from the Draw-a-Person test. To date, despite articulate contemporary rationales for continued use of the Draw-a-Person test (Hammer, 1969), experi-mental research has generally yielded sparse support for the clinical and predic-tive value of human figure drawings (Wanderer, 1969). Roback (1968) concluded that the predictive validity of Draw-a-Person rating scales developed prior to 1967 is so low as to ". . . suggest it is pre-carious to accept most of the current assumptions regarding figure drawing analysis" (quoted by Roback from Brengelman, 1961, p. 75). Roback's conclu-sion must be considered as only tentative, however, because of several method-ological problems, characteristic of previous research, which preclude definitive assessment of validity of the Draw-a-Person at this time. These experimental prob-lems include: (a) inadequate control for artistic ability, (b) failure to attend to construct validity of measurement scales, and (c) failure to establish the relia-bility of rating scales selected for validation. Reviewers of the extensive litera-ture on the Draw-a-Person test have pointed out explicitly that, while recent re- 'The authors wish to thank C. A. Murphy, M. J. Bottino, J. D. Duffy, C. G. Gillis, W. A. Hargreaves, M. O'Brian, and I. R. Tuller for their assistance in preparing this paper.
Time-dependent interactions of oxidant-sensitive fluoroprobes with inhibitors of cellular metabolism.

We tested three oxidant sensitive fluoroprobes (dihydrorhodamine [DHR], 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein [H2DCF], and dihydroethidium [DHE]) for interactions with three inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport. DHR, H2DCF, and DHE produced large time-dependent increases in fluorescence in a cell-free medium that contained either of the site III inhibitors antimycin (A) and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide but minimal increases in medium that contained another site III inhibitor, myxothiazol (Mx). The interactions between A and each of the fluoroprobes occurred at concentrations of agent/probe that are frequently used in experiments designed to investigate cellular oxidant production. To define more effectively the nature of these agent/probe interactions, we determined the oxygen dependence of the interactions between A and each probe. The A/H2DCF and A/DHR interactions either were highly oxygen-dependent or exhibited a small degree of oxygen dependence, respectively, whereas the A/DHE interaction was oxygen-independent. Finally, we determined multiple ways to reduce the impact of the agent/probe interaction on data acquisition. The addition of either fetal bovine serum (10%) or albumin (5%) to the media abolished the A/DHR and A/H2DCF interactions. Shifting the excitation wavelength of DHE (from 470 to 530 nm) reduced measurement of the A/DHE interaction while preserving measurement of the intracellular signal. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of testing for interactions between agents and probes, because these interactions can interfere with the accurate interpretation of experimental results. In addition, the methods presented for circumventing these interactions may be applicable to other experiments in which agent/probe interactions are an obstacle to accurate interpretation of the experimental results.
Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of putative A13 incertohypothalamic dopamine neurons in the rat.

Abstract A13 incertohypothalamic dopamine (DA) neurons were labelled with antibodies raised to tyrosine hydroxylase in the male rat. Electrophysiologically, these neurons could be distinguished from their neighboring non-DA cells by their wide action potentials ( > 2 ms), slow firing rates (0–3.8 impulses/s) and by the ability of iontophoresed DA and systemically administered apomorphine to inhibit impulse flow. Low doses of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol attenuated DA's response and reversed the apomorphine-inhibition of impulse flow.
Analysis of Energy Balance When Using Cohesive Zone Models to Simulate Fracture Processes

Cohesive Zone Models (CZMs) are being increasingly used to simulate fracture and fragmentation processes in metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials and their composites. Instead of an infinitely sharp crack envisaged in fracture mechanics, CZM presupposes the presence of a fracture process zone where the energy is transferred from external work both in the forward and the wake regions of the propagating crack. In this paper, we examine horn the external work flows as recoverable elastic strain energy, inelastic strain energy, and cohesive energy, the latter encompassing the work of fracture and other energy consuming mechanisms within the fracture process zone. It is clearly shown that the plastic energy in the material surrounding the crack is not accounted in the cohesive energy. Thus cohesive zone energy encompasses all the inelastic energy e.g., energy required for grainbridging, cavitation, internal sliding, surface energy but excludes any form of inelastic strain energy in the bounding material.
Localization of the hsp83 transcript within a 3292 nucleotide sequence from the 63B heat shock locus of D. melanogaster.

Abstract We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 3292 bp cloned segment derived from the 63B heat shock cytogenetic locus of D. melanogaster. Within this segment we have positioned the start of transcription and RNA splice sites of the unique gene that encodes the 83,000 d heat shock polypeptide (hsp83 gene) by S1 mapping and synthesis of cDNA from restriction fragment primed mRNA. The sequence begins at a point 879 bp upstream from the transcription start and includes the 149 bp nontranslated first exon, the 1139 bp intron and extends 1125 bp into the protein coding region. These data identify a single open translation reading frame for the first 375 amino acids of the 83,000 d polypeptide, beginning with the first ATG codon located at the 3' intron-exon junction. We discuss and demonstrate the use of E. coli exonuclease III generated single-strand DNA probes as an alternative to strand separation for S1 mapping of mRNA. We also use homology search criteria based upon known protein-DNA binding sites to compare our hsp83 sequence with other sequenced Drosophila heat shock genes. These comparisons indicate that a large region of approximately 80 bp centered around the transcription initiation point of the hsp83 gene shares only a 31% homology with the corresponding region of the hsp70 gene, whereas the hsp22, 23, 26, and 27 genes share a 54% homology with hsp70 in this region. The lower homology of the hsp83 gene is consistent with the deviant nature of this heat shock gene.
Amadis de Grèce ou la mise en fiction du pouvoir royal

AbstractLe livret de cette tragedie lyrique, representee par l'Academie royale de musique pour la premiere fois le 26 mars 1699, et qui traite des amours du heros Amadis de Grece et de Niquee, fille du soudan (sultan) de Thebes, est de La Motte; la musique est d'Andre-Cardinal Destouches. Elle a ete vraisemblablement composee pour celebrer le camp de Compiegne (aout-septembre 1698), grandiose demonstration militaire ostensiblement organisee pour l'instruction du Dauphin, mais en realite pour marquer que la France demeurait puissante apres le Guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg (1688–1697). Louis XIV etait cense avoir remporte un triomphe indiscutable sur les Imperiaux et l'Angleterre dans la guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg. La realite est plus nuancee: Louis XIV a ete oblige de signer une paix de compromis (Les traites de Ryswick), qui donnait a la France certains avantages mais qu'elle avait cherement payes.La dedicace loue Louis XIV: dans le prologue, les esprits viennent remplacer les symboles d'Amadis par c...
Peak-hopping stepwise wavelength selection algorithm

Wavelength selection is an important preprocessing step for improving and simplifying calibrations in both quantitative and qualitative problems. An improved variable selection algorithm has been developed to improve upon existing methods in terms of speed and prediction error. The new technique uses a novel peak-hopping strategy to move quickly between important spectral regions. Results when applied to both Raman and near-infrared data show that the algorithm is very fast, decreases prediction errors, and chooses a small subset of the full spectral range available. A comparison with other techniques is given and the respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
English derivational suffix frequency and children's stress judgments.

Considering the importance of word and stem frequency in the adult lexical processing literature, and the effect of input frequency on children's acquisition of words (Tardif, Shatz, and Naigles, 1997), it was hypothesized that children's acquisition of English morphologically conditioned stress alternations would be affected by the frequency with which children were exposed to different stress-changing suffixes (e.g., -tion, -ity, and -ic). Study 1 determined the proportional representation of suffixes in a children's literature corpus, thereby allowing the suffix variable to be established. Study 2 empirically examined the effect of suffix frequency on school-aged children's judgments of primary stress placement. Findings suggest that age and suffix frequency both play a role in children's awareness of stress placement.
Compact Combustion Systems Using a Combination of Trapped Vortex and High-G Combustor Technologies

Major advances in combustor technology are required to meet the conflicting challenges of improving performance, increasing durability and maintaining cost. Ultra-short combustors to minimize residence time, with special flame-holding mechanisms to cope with increased through-velocities are likely in the future. This paper focuses on vortex-stabilized combustor technologies that can enable the design of compact, high-performance combustion systems. Compact combustors weigh less and take up less volume in space-limited turbine engine for aero applications. This paper presents the UCC, a novel design based on TVC work that uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity to enhance mixing rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g’s. The UCC design integrates compressor and turbine features which will enable a shorter and potentially less complex gas turbine engine. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this type of combustion system can be used as the main combustor and/or as a secondary combustor between the high pressure and low pressure turbine to operate as a reheat cycle engine. The focus on this paper includes experimental results of the UCC for a variety of conditions: (1) the addition of turbine vanes in the combustor flowpath, (2) a comparison of JP-8 and FT fuel performance in the combustor, (3) the use of trapped-vortex-like air addition to increase combustor flammability limits, and (4) combustor performance related to two different fuel injector designs. Lean blowout fuel-air ratio limits at 20% the value of current systems were demonstrated. Combustion efficiency was measured over a wide range of UCC operating conditions. This data begins to build the design space required for future engine designs that may use these novel, compact, high-g combustion systems.
Non-perturbative conformal quantum gravity

A quantised metric is viewed here as a probability measure on the space of (possibly degenerate) metrics on a manifold. For simplicity, attention is confined to the conformal class of a fixed 'classical' Riemannian metric g on a compact manifold. Using the theory of probability measures on Hilbert spaces, the authors construct (on Sobolev spaces of conformally coupled scalar fields) a very natural family of genuine probability measures that depends on c, G, h(cross), Boltzmann's constant and a temperature parameter. The conformal class of g is parametrised by these scalar fields in a way that permits the evaluation of moments of functionals associated with the scalar curvature and the volume element. The classical metric g can essentially be recovered by taking the low-temperature limit of the pointwise mean of the quantum metric. However, such limits are possible only when the scalar curvature of g is non-negative in an average sense, thus suggesting a natural origin for the positive-energy condition. High-temperature asymptotics for scalar curvature and volume functionals are studied in detail. The formalism permits a quantitative treatment of the possibly foamy nature of space. In several places the mathematics singles out the physically relevant dimensions, three and four, as being the most natural.
Mine and vehicle detection in hyperspectral image data: Waveband selection

Hyperspectral (HS) data contains spectral response information that provides detailed descriptions of an object. These new sensor data are useful in automatic target recognition applications. However, such high-dimensional data introduces problems due to the curse of dimensionality, the need to reduce the number of features (λ responses) used to accommodate realistic small training set sizes, and the need to employ discriminatory features and still achieve good generalization (comparable training and test set performance). HS sensors produce high-dimensional data; this is characterized by a training set size (Ni) per class that is less than the number of input features (NF). A new high-dimensional generalized discriminant (HDGD) feature extraction algorithm and a new modified branch and bound (MBB) feature selection algorithm are described and compared to other feature reduction methods for two HS target detection applications (mine and vehicle detection). Both space and spectral parameters are adapted. A new blob-coloring hit-miss transform is introduced.
Determinants of Perceived Teamwork: Examination of Team Performance and Social Psychophysiology

Team situation awareness (SA) has not received the same amount of research attention as individual SA. Given a lack of established relationships between objective and perceived measures of teamwork, as well as between team psychophysiology and perceived teamwork, the present study examined these potential relationships during a two-person, continuous tracking task. Seventeen two-person teams of undergraduates performed a computer-based, simulated teleoperation task. This investigation tested for relationships between objective performance measures (task completion time, team tracking error, coordination and collision damage), psychophysiological measures (electrodermal activity, heart inter-beat interval and respiration), and three subjective measures (team coordination, task engagement and task difficulty). The results suggest that objective team performance and some social psychophysiological measures (heart cross-correlation) contribute to team member perceptions of teamwork. Theoretical and practical ...
In-process and post-process measurements of drill wear for control of the drilling process

Optical inspection was used in this research for the post-process measurements of drill wear. A precision toolmakers’ microscope was used. Indirect index, cutting force, is used for in-process drill wear measurements. Using in-process measurements to estimate the drill wear for control purpose can decrease the operation cost and enhance the product quality and safety. The challenge is to correlate the in-process cutting force measurements with the post-process optical inspection of drill wear. To find the most important feature, the energy principle was used in this research. It is necessary to select only the cutting force feature which shows the highest sensitivity to drill wear. The best feature selected is the peak of torque in the drilling process. Neuro-fuzzy systems were used for correlation purposes. The Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) can construct fuzzy rules with membership functions to generate an input-output pair. A 1x6 ANFIS architecture with product of sigmoid membership functions can in-process measure the drill wear with an error as low as 0.15%. This is extremely important for control of the drilling process. Furthermore, the measurement of drill wear was performed under different drilling conditions. This shows that ANFIS has the capability of generalization.
Elevated serum tryptase in exercise-induced anaphylaxis

normal peripheral B-cell numbers associated with normal antibody responses. With the exception of low isoagglutinins, this patient's humoral immune system was intact initially and underwent a slow but progressive deterioration. It seems likely that different mutations in the BTK gene result in physicochemical differences in the enzyme, which account for variability in the time of onset, clinical severity, and different laboratory parameters4; however, with the exception of certain premature termination mutations, no consistent genotypephenotype correlations can be identified. The variable expression of BTK deficiency reflects the complexities of development of the B-cell compartment and role of compensating mechanisms in humoral immunity. Bruton's original patient with XLA was noted to have adenoidal and tonsillar tissue similar to that of this patient, and Bruton's patient should be studied once again with definitive molecular methods, such as those used in this case, to determine whether that patient had CVID or XLA. Patients with varying degrees of immunoglobulin deficiencies will require intensive investigation at the genetic level to distinguish accurately between clinical syndromes that, in the past, have been diagnosed on a phenotypic basis. In addition, investigations in this area will undoubtedly help to elucidate the complex interactions that are responsible for the development, maintenance, and function of the B-cell system.
Using Deliberation in the Classroom: A Teaching Pedagogy to Enhance Student Knowledge, Opinion Formation, and Civic Engagement

This article presents the findings of a study concerning the use of deliberation as a tool for classroom instruction. Utilizing deliberative polling as the basis for this project, we wanted to determine whether this form of discourse will have an impact on student knowledge, opinions about a policy issue, and levels of engagement. The use of pre- and posttest surveys demonstrates that students who engaged in a deliberative dialogue were more likely to increase their knowledge, to change their opinions about the issue discussed, and to increase their levels of anticipated engagement. Students in a control group experienced no similar changes, suggesting that deliberation might be an effective tool for combating student apathy and disengagement.
Calculating the Thermal Structure of Solar Active Regions in Three Dimensions

We describe a technique to obtain the temperature and density distribution in an active region for a specified plasma heating model. The technique can be applied in general to determine the magnetic field and thermal structure self-consistently. For simplicity, we illustrate the application of this technique in the limit of small plasma β, in which the plasma dynamics decouples from that of the magnetic field, a good approximation in active regions, in which the magnetic field is strong. We select a particular active region, observed in 1996 August, to demonstrate the methodology. We apply the technique to a force-free magnetic field with a plasma heating model in which the volumetric coronal heating rate is directly proportional to the strength of the local magnetic field, and we compute the expected extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray emissions from the resulting thermal structure. We compare our solutions with one-dimensional loop models and analytic loop scaling laws. In the future, we plan to compare these emission images with those obtained by the SOHO EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) and the Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) and to explore the relationship between coronal emission and various coronal heating models.
Extensions of holomorphic motions

We prove that a normalized holomorphic motion of a closed set E is induced by a holomorphic map into the Teichmuller space of E, denoted by T(E), if and only if it can be extended to a normalized continuous motion of the Riemann sphere. We also prove that the extension can be chosen to have additional properties.
Cametabolic biotransformation of trinitrotoluene (tnt) supported by aromatic and non-aromatic cosubstrates

Abstract A microbial consortia was isolated from trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soil and cultured in media supplemented with structurally similar (aromatic) or non-aromatic cosubstrates and TNT to examine their impact on cometabolic TNT biotransformation. A microbial inoculum with 105 CFU/ml with TNT concentrations of 5, 10, 30 and 50 ppm in separate triplicate cultures revealed maximum TNT biotransformations of 23, 21, 9 and 3%, respectively, after 9 days. A larger inoculum (l07CFU/ml) resulted in transformation of TNT concentrations of 8, 15, 22 and 30 ppm by 71, 54, 50 and 38%, respectively. Cultures supplemented with benzene, nitrobenzene or toluene revealed no enhancement of TNT biotransformation rates or extents over those in culture with TNT as sole carbon source. With glucose and citric acid at 30 mg/l, TNT biotransformations of 56 and 51%, respectively, were obtained. With glucose or citric acid at 3000 mg/l, 100% transformation of 30ppm TNT was realized in 24 hours and of 100ppm TNT in 72hrs. Metabolites identified included 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene; analysis also demonstrated that TNT disappearance paralleled glucose utilization and cell growth.
Operation of magnetically assisted fluidized beds in microgravity and variable gravity: experiment and theory

The conversion of solid waste into useful resources in support of long duration manned missions in space presents serious technological challenges. Several technologies, including supercritical water oxidation, microwave powered combustion and fluidized bed incineration, have been tested for the conversion of solid waste. However, none of these technologies are compatible with microgravity or hypogravity operating conditions. In this paper, we present the gradient magnetically assisted fluidized bed (G-MAFB) as a promising operating platform for fluidized bed operations in the space environment. Our experimental and theoretical work has resulted in both the development of a theoretical model based on fundamental principles for the design of the G-MAFB, and also the practical implementation of the G-MAFB in the filtration and destruction of solid biomass waste particles from liquid streams.
Immunohistochemical staining for DNA topoisomerase II-alpha in benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the prostate.

BACKGROUND The DNA topoisomerase II-alpha (topo II-alpha)-targeting drug etoposide was recently shown to be an active agent in the combined chemotherapy of hormone-insensitive prostatic carcinoma. Aside from being the molecular target of etoposide, topo II-alpha is also a cell proliferation marker. Much experimental data indicate that cells sensitive to topo II-targeting chemotherapeutic drugs are rapidly proliferating and show elevated topo II expression. There is little information concerning topo II expression in lesions of the prostate. METHODS Paraffin blocks from cases of invasive prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic nodular hyperplasia were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center. Using a new immunohistochemical stain, specific for the alpha isoform of DNA topo II, enzyme expression was evaluated in 54 prostatic adenocarcinomas, 22 lesions of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and 10 cases of benign prostatic nodular hyperplasia. Results were semiquantitated by determining for each case a topo II-alpha index, which represented the percent of positively staining cells. RESULTS The average topo II-alpha index for well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinomas (Gleason scores 2–4) was 1.5 ± 0.9; for moderately differentiated tumors (Gleason scores 5–7), 3.1 ± 2.4; and for poorly differentiated tumors (Gleason scores 8–10), 6.7 ± 5.5. The average topo II-alpha index for all invasive prostatic adenocarcinomas was 4.0 (range, 0–19.0). Benign prostatic nodular hyperplasia had the lowest average topo II-alpha index, of 0.54 (range, 0.2–1.0). The average topo II-alpha index of 2.3 (range, 0–8.6) for high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was intermediate between the invasive tumors and benign prostate. CONCLUSIONS Topo II-alpha expression in carcinoma of the prostate correlates with Gleason score. The carcinomas with the highest expression of enzyme are more poorly differentiated and have the highest Gleason scores. Prostatic nodular hyperplasia shows little expression of topo II-alpha. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia has an average topo II-alpha index intermediate between nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma. Prostate 42:280–286, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Biogenic sedimentation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Surface sediments from eastern McMurdo Sound and fjord basins of the Victoria Land Coast are enriched in organic carbon and opal. At depths below 600 m, opal contents commonly exceed 30%; organic carbon contents average 1.5% and are as high as 3.5%. Opal and organic carbon are supplied by local production within and below sea ice and by advection from open water areas of the southwestern Ross Sea. The distribution of organic carbon and opal at the sea floor is consistent with cyclonic (clockwise) water circulation in McMurdo Sound. Advective transport from the Ross Sea supplies biogenic sediment to eastern and northern McMurdo Sound; the southwestern shelf is bathed by waters derived in part from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf which transport very little allochthonous carbon. The supply of biogenic debris in southwestern McMurdo Sound is further curtailed by sea-ice conditions, e.g., more prevalent multi-year sea ice which reduces photosynthesis, and the absence of summer basal melting and ice breakout which restricts the flux of sea ice and open-water production to the sea floor. Consistent with this hypothesis, organic carbon fluxes measured via sediment trapping beneath fast ice are one to two orders of magnitude higher in eastern versus western McMurdo Sound. Pronounced cross-sound gradients in shallow water benthic biomass and species diversity have previously been attributed to east-west variations in productivity. Our surface sediment data suggest that similar or even more dramatic contrasts in benthic community structure may exist in the deeper water areas of McMurdo Sound. Pervasive resuspension is documented by pronounced near-bottom flux increases measured by sediment trapping. Resuspension events, which may be more common during the austral winter, act to winnow and transport biogenic debris and fine terrigenous sediment from shallow regions (< 400 m) to protected shelf basins. Despite oxidative loss within the water column, the accumulation rate of organic carbon in the deep basins of McMurdo Sound averages 45 mg C m−2 day−1, more than an order of magnitude higher than the world average organic carbon flux to continental margins and equivalent to accumulation rates observed in many anoxic settings. Preservation efficiency of opal during transport and deposition appears anomalously high and the most opal-rich sediments of McMurdo Sound are depleted in organic carbon relative to mid- and low-latitude siliceous deposits. Despite this observation, if similar patterns of biogenic sedimentation exist on many other parts of the shelf, the Antarctic continental margin is an important sink for sedimentary organic carbon, as has been previously suggested for the silica system.
Demand for resident hunting in the southeastern United States

We modeled hunting demand among resident hunters in the Southeastern United States. Our model revealed that future hunting demand will likely decline in this region. Population growth in the region will increase demand, but structural change in the region's demography (e.g., “browning” and “aging”), along with declining forestland access will decrease hunting demand. The results suggested that programs encouraging younger and non-white populations to participate in hunting could mitigate a forecast hunting decline in the region. Increasing license fees, while politically risky, should increase agency revenues due to price-inelastic demand. The model developed here can be applied to understand and project hunting demand in the Southeast and adapted to other regions.