cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond LSD: A Broader Psychedelic Zeitgeist during the Early to Mid-20th Century

During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a tremendous surge in research into the effects of psychedelic drugs. When discussing this period of research, the discovery of the psychoactive properties of LSD in 1943 is often presented as the main, and sometimes only, driving force of the boom in research. This "Great Person," or "Great Chemical," historiographical lens fails to acknowledge other factors that were fundamental in setting the stage for the research. In particular, other psychedelic drugs, such as mescaline, were already being probed for their uses in psychotherapy and as models for psychosis before the effects of LSD had been discovered. Psilocybin and other classical psychedelics had also been discovered by Western researchers around the same time as the synthesis of LSD. Additionally, many of the dominant zeitgeists (e.g., pharmacological, psychoanalytic, and humanistic) in psychology during this period were congruent with psychedelic research. This article argues that while the discovery of LSD may have been a catalyst for psychedelic research in the 1950s and '60s, there was a broader psychedelic zeitgeist that deserves acknowledgement for setting the stage.
Self-efficacy and personal selling: review and examination with an emphasis on sales performance

Self-efficacy has been a focal construct in personal selling research for more than four decades. This article reviews and examines how self-efficacy has been conceptualized, measured, and investig...
Lemusade: Make Lemonade Using Music

In this paper, we presented a prototype designed to explore whether our audio senses can guide us as sufficiently as visual cues to create food tastes of our choices. We designed a lemonade-mixer box which allowed users to make lemonade based on only music output. The adjustments of essential ingredients of lemonade were mapped to changes in the melody separately. Our user testing showed that sounds had significant influences in making food. We also discussed possible future research directions on this topic.
Spatially resolved thermoreflectance techniques for thermal conductivity measurements from the nanoscale to the mesoscale

Thermoreflectance techniques, namely, time- and frequency-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR and FDTR, respectively), are ubiquitously used for the thermophysical characterization of thin films and bulk materials. In this perspective, we discuss several recent advancements in thermoreflectance techniques to measure the thermal conductivity of solids, with emphasis on the governing length scales and future directions in expanding these advances to different length scales and material structures. Specifically, the lateral resolution of these techniques, typically on the order of several micrometers, allows for an understanding of the spatially varying properties for various materials. Similarly, limitations of TDTR and FDTR with respect to their volumetric probing regions are discussed. With a recently developed steady-state thermoreflectance technique, these limitations are overcome as probing volumes approach spot sizes. Finally, recent pushes toward the implementation of these techniques without the use of a thin metal transducer are presented, with guidelines for future avenues in the implementation under these specimen configurations.
Educator's Lexicon of Computerese.

The steadily increasing number of computer terms and acronyms is one of the few entities which can outdistance the rate of inflation. "Computerese" and "cybercrud" describe the jargon associated with the use of computer technology. In Up The Organization (1978), Robert Townsend suggests that computer technicians "are complicators, not simplifiers . . . They're building a mystique, a priesthood, their own mumbo-jumbo ritual to keep you from knowing what theyand youare doing." But is all this confusion really necessary? According to Winett (1979), computer terms have developed in five ways, each similar to the development of the current English vocabulary. Computer terms -
Macrolide-susceptible probiotic Enterococcus faecium ST296 exhibits faecal-environmental-oral microbial community cycling among beef cattle in feedlots.

Enterococci are included in the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System to track antibiotic resistance among commensal Gram-positive enteric bacteria, largely due to their high abundance in food animals and in retail meat. In the U.S. cattle industry, macrolides are used to prevent and control liver abscesses, which cause significant economic losses. Previous studies have suggested that feeding tylosin and the intensity of the pen environment, both expand and sustain respectively the prevalence of multidrug resistance among enterococci in feedlot cattle. This has led to research into alternative feed supplements and improved stewardship practices. In a randomized controlled trial, we measured the impact of a probiotic and an altered pen environment on antimicrobial resistance among faecal Enterococcus spp. in cattle fed tylosin. Supplementing cattle with an Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based probiotic yielded the isolation of E. faecium of the probiotic sequence type (ST296) from faecal and environmental samples in treatment groups, as well as from cattle and the manure pack in nearby pens. Of importance, the probiotic strain also was found in a desiccated and milled manure pack sample taken 120 days after the initial trial ended. Phylogenetic and SNP analyses revealed clonal survival and spread compatible with faecal-environmental-oral recycling of the probiotic strain within and among cattle and pens. The increase in prevalence of the ST296 strain occurred concomitant with a decrease in ST240, the dominant sequence type associated with ermB and tet(M) resistance genes in this trial. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We demonstrate that a macrolide-susceptible probiotic Enterococcus faecium ST296 strain fed to beef cattle becomes fully embedded in the microbial community cycling of bacteria via faecal-environmental-oral transmission within and among feedlot pens. An initial investment in feeding the probiotic is thereby leveraged into expanding numbers of susceptible bacteria in cattle and their environment, even among those cattle fed tylosin.
Incivility through the continuum of nursing: A concept analysis.

AIM The aim of this study is to explore the gap between incivility in the workplace and academia and develop a connection to the psychosocial distress effects on the victims. BACKGROUND While incivility in nursing has reached epidemic proportions in the past decade, the current definitions of incivility are limited to the workplace or academia and lack consideration of the consequences related to the social well-being of the victim. DESIGN Rodgers' evolutionary method was used in this study. DATA SOURCE Following the PRISMA guidelines, articles were reviewed from PubMed and CINAHL between 2008 to 2019. Twenty articles describing incivility faced by staff nurses, student nurses, academic faculty, and nursing administrators were included in the final analysis. REVIEW METHODS Inductive thematic analysis was used to determine the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of incivility in nursing. RESULTS Findings included a culture of incivility and power gradients as antecedents. The attributes of incivility were verbal or non-verbal behaviors that demean, dismiss, or exclude the individual. Consequences of incivility are psychosocial and physiological distress. CONCLUSION A broader definition of incivility may be appropriate. Further research is needed to determine interventions to mitigate the effects of incivility.
A heuristic information cluster search approach for precise functional brain mapping

Detection of the relevant brain regions for characterizing the distinction between cognitive conditions is one of the most sought after objectives in neuroimaging research. A popular approach for achieving this goal is the multivariate pattern analysis which is currently conducted through a number of approaches such as the popular searchlight procedure. This is due to several advantages such as being automatic and flexible with regards to size of the search region. However, these approaches suffer from a number of limitations which can lead to misidentification of truly informative regions which in turn results in imprecise information maps. These limitations mainly stem from several factors such as the fact that the information value of the search spheres are assigned to the voxel at the center of them (in case of searchlight), the requirement for manual tuning of parameters such as searchlight radius and shape, and high complexity and low interpretability in commonly used machine learning-based approaches. Other drawbacks include overlooking the structure and interactions within the regions, and the disadvantages of using certain regularization techniques in analysis of datasets with characteristics of common functional magnetic resonance imaging data. In this article, we propose a fully data-driven maximum relevance minimum redundancy search algorithm for detecting precise information value of the clusters within brain regions while alleviating the above-mentioned limitations. Moreover, in order to make the proposed method faster, we propose an efficient algorithmic implementation. We evaluate and compare the proposed algorithm with the searchlight procedure as well as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization-based mapping approach using both real and synthetic datasets. The analysis results of the proposed approach demonstrate higher information detection precision and map specificity compared to the benchmark approaches.
[Dietary exposure assessment to aflatoxins in nine kinds of foodstuff by Mont Carlo non-parametric probability approach in Shenzhen City].

Objective To assess Shenzhen residents' dietary exposure to aflatoxins from 9 kinds of foods and health risk. Methods Dietary intake of aflatoxins from local concentration data and foodstuff consumption data was simulated by Mont Carlo nonparametric probability approach. Results Aflatoxins( AFT) average intake and high intake were 0. 8533 ng/( kg·BW·d) and 2. 1646 ng/( kg·BW·d), respectively. Aflatoxin B1( AFB1) average level intake and higher level intake were 0. 5113 ng/( kg·BW·d) and1. 3264 ng/( kg·BW·d), respectively. The potential risk for cancer using average data was estimated at 0. 0199 people/( ten thousand people·year), even though this was0. 0517 people/( ten thousand people·year) in higher level. Major exposure contribution to food were corn and products, rice and products, and peanut oil, corn oil. Conclusion The current dietary intake of AFB1 and AFT in Shenzhen has no appreciable effect on health. Government action should be maintained and improved in order to guarantee, aiming at major exposure contribution to food, that special human exposure levels are kept was low as possible.
Proper Ga -actions on ℂ4 preserving a coordinate

We prove that the actions mentioned in the title are translations. We show also that for certain Ga-actions on affine fourfolds the categorical quotient of the action is automatically an affine algebraic variety and describe the geometric structure of such quotients.
Assessing Flow Rate and Nominal Pore Diameter as Parameters for Predicting the Removal of Microorganisms by Ceramic Water Filters

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are manufactured worldwide using local materials and infrastructure. In this study, we assessed flow rate (FR) and nominal pore diameter (NPD) values as parameters to p...
Effect of air pockets in drug delivery via jet injections.

Abstract Needle-free jet injections are actuated by a pressure impulse that can be delivered by different mechanisms to generate high-speed jets ( V j ~ O 10 2 m/s). During filling and transportation of disposable cartridges and ampoules, bubbles can form, which can be problematic especially for viscous fluids. Here, we report on the effect of location and size of entrapped air pockets in cartridges used in spring-powered jet injections. As air bubbles pass through the orifice, they undergo depressurization, which results in intermittent atomization and spray formation, temporarily increasing the jet dispersion. Atomization and dispersion of the jet can lead to product loss during an injection. We find that the effect of bubble location on the jet exit speed, delivery efficiency, and the projected area of the blebs formed after the injection was statistically significant ( p 0.05 ). The findings of this study have implications for the development of pre-filled cartridges for jet injection applications.
Substratum stiffness signals through integrin-linked kinase and β1-integrin to regulate midbody proteins and abscission during EMT.

Signaling through β1-integrin and integrin-linked kinase enhances the expression of midbody proteins in mammary epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on stiff microenv...
Powerful Technology Leadership and Growing the Top Line

Technology advancements in the marketplace creates both challenges and opportunities for firms. Having an influential technology specialist within the top management team can allow firms to better identify, diagnose and capitalize on changes caused by technology to enhance firm output. This study uses the dynamic capabilities view to examine the impact of powerful technology leaders on firm output. Effective management of technology is proposed to enable firms to better adapt to changes in the marketplace. This paper finds that the inclusion of a powerful technology leader within the top management team predicts higher levels of firm output over time. Over a five year period of time, the inclusion of a powerful technology leader was more predictive of firm output than the inclusion of a powerful marketing leader within the top management team.
Plant community development following restoration treatments on a legacy reclaimed mine site

Abstract Large-scale soil disturbances due to surface mining for coal have removed nearly one million hectares of native forests in the eastern deciduous forests of North America. Reclamation methods have induced long-term changes in soil properties by continual mechanical grading and heavy seeding of herbaceous plant species. Years after initial reclamation, many sites remain unproductive landscapes comprised of a few non-native, invasive plant species. Recently, various methods that employ deep-soil ripping have been used to alleviate soil compaction on these sites to prepare the substrate for tree planting. The objective of this study was to compare how herbaceous plant communities reassemble throughout the first five years of vegetation recovery after deep-soil ripping (1 m), traditional plow and disking (30 cm), and the combination of the two soil treatments. Vegetation cover increased over five years (P
Induction, Morphogenesis, and Germination of the Chlamydospore of Candida albicans

Early log phase yeast cells of Candida albicans transformed into suspensor cells and chlamydospores when streaked on washed agar without added nutrients. The transformation was apparently a result of endogenous metabolism since starved yeast cells did not form chlamydospores. Addition of glucose (5 mg/ml) to washed agar completely suppressed chlamydospore formation. Size of inoculum and age of inoculum markedly affected chlamydospore yield. Electron microscopy of thin sections revealed the chlamydospore wall to be double layered, the outer thin layer being continuous with the wall of the suspensor cell. A technique was devised to study germination of chlamydospores. Chlamydospores germinated by budding, and the fluorescent antibody technique was used to study the budding process.
Lingual thyroid and lingual thyroglossal tract remnants: A clinical and histopathologic study with review of the literature

Abstract A clinical examination of 10,010 patients and the histologic examination of 184 cadaver tongues were conducted in a study of lingual thyroid and thyroglossal tract remnants. Previous studies indicated that approximately 80 per cent of clinical lingual thyroid lesions are found in females, although embryonic thyroid rests may be present in the tongues of both sexes in equal numbers. The sex difference in clinical lesions is usually explained by the fact that females place a much greater physiologic demand on the thyroid than do males. This study found eighteen thyroid-like inclusions in 184 tongues (9.8 per cent). There was a sex distribution of 12.1 per cent in females, and 8.7 per cent in males. Although the distributions are not equal for the sexes, the difference between them is not statistically significant. Forty-six per cent of the cadaver tongues displayed thyroglossal tract remnants extending into the tongue for a distance greater than 3 mm. from the dorsal surface. Of these, 4, or 4.8 per cent, displayed patent tracts throughout the entire base. A protocol for managing the lingual thyroid patient was derived from the literary review.
Beyond performance: some (other) challenges for systems design

Traditionally we have focused on higher performance semiconductor technology, higher performance processors, higher performance memory systems, higher performance interconnect, higher performance software, etc., that is until we began focusing on lower power semiconductor technology, more power efficient processors, less power hungry interconnect etc., at the same time we have tried to reduce the cost of each of these components. The point is, that despite the ever-expanding nature of our system approach, historically we have taken essentially a componentized view. This appears to be changing, as evidenced by recent additions to our technical vocabulary: “systems on a chip,” “hardware-software codesign,” “autonomic computing.” All of these point to the possibility of a more holistic approach. We will examine this phenomenon to see if there really is something new here, what is driving it, and what are the consequences and challenges.
ZTransforms and Transfer Functions

In this chapter we develop the tools for analyzing the statics and dynamics of input-output relationships in discrete, time-invariant, linear systems. Our fundamental tool is the Z-transform, a simple but powerful mathematical technique that is used throughout the remainder of the book. Z-transforms are used to solve difference equations (such as those in Chapter 2), to infer steady-state properties of signals, to assess the stability of systems, and to analyze transient response.
International Law and Extraterritoriality: Brief of International and Extraterritorial Law Scholars as Amici Curiae (U.S. v. Microsoft)

With the U.S. Supreme Court recently cutting back the reach of federal jurisdiction over causes of action arising abroad for violations of international law, questions have arisen about the ability of state law to provide the vessel through which plaintiffs may bring suits alleging such violations. Here litigants and courts must address two key questions: First, to what extent may state law implement or incorporate international law as a rule of decision? And second, to what extent may state law incorporating international law authorize suits for causes of action arising abroad? The second question is both especially urgent because it involves a potential alternative avenue for litigating foreign human rights abuses in U.S. courts, and especially vexing because it juxtaposes different doctrinal and jurisprudential conceptualizations of the ability of forum law to reach inside foreign territory.Against this backdrop, I want to make a few points. First, there is nothing wrong as a general matter with state law incorporating international law. Second, the idea of state law having broader extraterritorial reach than federal law is nonetheless in tension with federal foreign affairs preemption. And third, this tension basically disappears when the state law incorporating international law presents what’s called a “false conflict” of laws among the relevant jurisdictions’ laws. Here the fields of private international law and conflict of laws gain salience and supply a doctrinally and historically grounded mechanism for entertaining claims arising abroad in U.S. courts. More concretely, if state law incorporating international law is fundamentally the same law as that operative in the foreign jurisdiction, there is no conflict of laws and the sole applicable law applies.In sum, ever-tightening constraints on federal extraterritoriality have generated multilayered tensions with traditional and contemporary fields of conflict of laws and private international law. At present, the flashpoint for these tensions promises to be claims alleging international human rights violations abroad in state court. The concept of “false conflicts” of law can remove the flashpoint’s ignition source. False conflicts hold immense jurisprudential, doctrinal, and practical potential to handle these multilayered tensions with an equally multilayered concept capable of capturing principles not only of conflict of laws but also of federal extraterritoriality, foreign affairs, and due process. False conflicts should be the starting point for any evaluation of international human rights claims in state court under state law.
Developing web-based video training modules to aid students learning multimedia skills

Ten years after its first offering, support for student learning in a multimedia course has expanded to include custom-made, web-based demonstration videos. The rationale for such videos and the details of their creation are described.
Calculations with separable nucleon-nucleon potentials: (I). Infinite nuclear matter

Abstract A number of realistic separable nucleon-nucleon interactions have been used to calculate the binding energy and saturation density of nuclear matter The binding energy is calculated to first order in the reaction matrix using self-consistent single-particle energies for occupied states and zero potential energy for unoccupied ones In all cases the saturation occurs at too large a density and with too much binding energy In comparison with local potentials, all partial waves compare favorably except the 3 S which gives too large a contribution to the binding energy The large contribution is attributed to a weak tensor force which generally leads to a strong central force in the 3 S system and thus overbinding in nuclear matter This weak tensor force is evidenced by the small deuteron D-state probability ( P D
Radio-frequency energy in fusion power generation

The history of radio-frequency (RF) energy in fusion experiments is reviewed, and the status of current efforts is described. Potential applications to tasks other than plasma heating are described, as are the research and development needs of RF energy technology.
Coaching for a winning dental team.

In 1943, Abraham Maslow, the �father of humanistic psychology,� formulated his �Hierarchy of NeedsTheory.� Maslow proposed people have needs that must be satisfied, and these needs will motivateuntil they are satisfied. The needs are arranged in a hierarchy or pyramid ranging from basic needs tohigher needs with an individual needing to satisfy a lower need before a higher need can motivate. Thefive needs of the hierarchy are: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, andself-actualization. This article discusses adaptation of the hierarchy of needs to the dental practice tomotivate staff to perform at a higher level.
Abstract 112: Targeted Metabolomics Profiling of Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support

Metabolomics investigations hold promise for the characterization of small molecules, metabolites, which govern the ultimate manifestation of cardiac phenotypes. In this study, we employed a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to identify metabolic marker(s), which dynamically reflect the cardiac performance of heart failure patients amid the implantation of mechanical circulatory support. Using the MRM-based and triple quadrupole technology platform, we have quantified 266 metabolites native to human plasma and collected from thirteen heart failure patients. The temporal profile of these metabolites was sampled from 1 day prior to the implantation of mechanical circulatory support, as well as 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day following their surgical interventions. We identified subgroups of these metabolites with coordinated behaviors that are interesting to their diseased phenotypes. In a pair-wise correlation analysis, 36.8% (98 out of 266) of metabolites were significantly correlated. Intriguingly, majority of which (65 out of 98) are representing the functional groups of phosphatidylcholines; several of them are known to have close associations with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, there are 33 metabolites contributing to multiple functional groups, including twelve of them belong to sphingomyelines, ten of them in the family of lysophosphatidylcholines, eight amino acids (Gln, Ser, Ala, His, Lys, Gly, Thr, and Arg), as well as three fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, pentadecenoic acid, and heptadecenoic acid). The behaviors of these 266 metabolites have constituted individualized metabolic fingerprints. Delineation of the intrinsic relationships among alterations in distinct metabolite groups and their reflected cardiac function will enable us to identify new metabolic markers aiding stratification and/or prediction on the clinical outcome of each individual patient undergoing the treatment of mechanical circulatory support. This personalized metabolic fingerprint will offer unique prognostic utilities, supporting clinical decision-making process to deliver intervention that is most effective and beneficial to an individual.
Corporate Asset Purchases, Sales and Governance

We identify asset purchases and sales as channels through which both external and internal governance affect corporate decisions and shareholders wealth. Firms with more antitakeover provisions (ATPs) are significantly more likely to engage in asset purchases (instead of making efficient internal investments) and asset sales (rather than efficient internal restructuring of existing assets). The internal governance mechanisms of insider ownership reduce the likelihood of asset purchases and sales consistent with incentive alignment. Additional results reveal that (1) the likelihood of asset buys is decreasing in insider ownership, but only among larger firms, and (2) the likelihood of asset sales is increasing in institutional ownership, but only among less profitable firms. The unexpected purchasers and sellers with more ATPs experience lower abnormal announcement returns. Also, the announcement effect of asset buys is concave (increasing at a decreasing rate) in insider ownership, and convex in institutional ownership. We also document that just as in the case of buyers and sellers with more ATPs, higher insider and institutional ownership lead to lower post-deal idiosyncratic risk (and lower shareholder wealth), suggesting higher agency costs of managerial conservatism and opacity.
Metabolic rate depression is induced by caloric restriction and correlates with rate of development and lifespan in a parthenogenetic insect

Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in most animals, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are the subject of much debate. We investigated the association between longevity and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in Indian stick insects (Carausius morosus) by (i) determining the appropriate scaling coefficient for calculating mass-corrected RMR of insects throughout development, (ii) quantifying the response of RMR to diet history, and (iii) correlating RMR in multiple life-history stages with adult and total lifespan. Over a range of body sizes, whole-body RMR (measured as oxygen consumption rate) scaled linearly with body mass. Mass-specific RMR decreased in response to CR, particularly when food was restricted during juvenile stages. With one exception, RMR of insects in different life-history stages matched current feeding level and was not substantially affected by intake history. Total lifespan was affected by intake, with insects that experienced CR early in development living longer than insects that were fed ad libitum. Although CR was associated with extended total lifespan and decreased RMR, it was also associated with shortened adult lifespan. Thus, we found limited evidence that decreased RMR plays a causative role in determining longevity. Instead, CR and decreased RMR were associated with slower progression through pre-reproductive life-history stages.
Study in Usefulness of Middleware-Only Provenance

Data provenance is the lineage of a digital artifact or object. Its capture in workflow-controlled distributed applications is well studied but less is known about quality of provenance captured solely through existing control infrastructures (i.e., middleware frameworks used for high throughput computing). We study completeness of provenance in case where information is only available from the middleware layer. We use WorkQueue to validate our model. Our evaluation shows that provenance captured from a middleware framework is sufficient to represent the existence of output data and trace certain failures independent of the application semantics. We show the method's limitations as well.
Plasma somatomedin-C during the first year of life**

THE SOMATOMEDINS are believed to mediate the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone. Although their concentrations in blood are low in hypopituitary children and increase after growth hormone administration, a convincing correlation between somatomedin and growth velocity has not been demonstrated in normal prepubertal children. Indeed, despite the rapid rate of growth in the perinatal period, somatomedin concentrations in cord blood are lower than in children and adults. 1 Based on limited numbers of determinations in a variety of assays, it appears that blood somatomedin values remain low during the first two year s of life, 2'3 a period during which growth velocity falls sharply; however, no longitudinal data have been reported. We have determined by radioimmunoassay the levels of one of the somatomedins, somatomedin-C, in normal infants during the first year of life and investigated whether Sm-C concentrations obtained serially correlate with changes in growth rate during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Resource allocation in peer-to-peer networks: An excess-based economic model

Resource allocation in peer-to-peer networks — An excess-based economic model This paper describes economic aspects of GNUnet, a peer-to-peer framework for anonymous distributed file-sharing. GNUnet is decentralized; all nodes are equal peers. In particular, there are no trusted entities in the network. This paper describes an economic model to perform resource allocation and defend against malicious participants in this context. The approach presented does not use credentials or payments; rather, it is based on trust. The design is much like that of a cooperative game in which peers take the role of players. Nodes must cooperate to achieve individual goals. In such a scenario, it is important to be able to distinguish between nodes exhibiting friendly behavior and those exhibiting malicious behavior. GNUnet aims to provide anonymity for its users. Its design makes it hard to link a transaction to the node where it originated from. While anonymity requirements make a global view of the end-points of a transaction infeasible, the local link-to-link messages can be fully authenticated. Our economic model is based entirely on this local view of the network and takes only local decisions.
The effect of stress-deprivation and cyclic loading on the TIMP/MMP ratio in tendon cells: an in vitro experimental study.

Purpose. To determine the effect of stress deprivation and cyclic loading on TIMP-1/MMP-13 mRNA expression ratio in rat tail tendon (RTT) cells.Method. Adult RTTs were stress-deprived for 0, 24, 48, or 72 hours in the presence or absence of a MMP inhibitor (ilomastat), or subjected to 1%, 3%, or 6% strain for 24 h under tissue culture conditions. TIMP-1 and MMP-13 (rat interstitial collagenase) mRNA expression were measured using quantitative PCR and TIMP/MMP ratios were calculated for each group.Results. The ratio of TIMP-1 to MMP-13 in control RTTs was 3.73:1 ± 0.73. Stress deprivation for 24 h significantly decreased the TIMP-1/MMP-13 ratio (0.25:1 ± 0.04) and MMP-13 expression continued to increase significantly with time of stress deprivation. Inhibition of MMP-13 mRNA expression with ilomastat in stress-deprived samples did not alter TIMP-1 expression when compared to normal controls. Cyclic loading significantly increased TIMP-1/MMP-13 expression at all strain levels examined.Conclusions. RTTs norm...
International Diversity and Student Engagement in Graduate Engineering Research Groups

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore student engagement by student nationality in U.S. engineering graduate programs. An online survey was developed and administered to four universities across the United States during fall 2010, with responses from 640 engineering PhD students from 5 international regions. Five constructs were found to be both statistically and practically significant relative to students’ satisfaction with their graduate experience, including: expectations, international diversity, learning and development, project ownership, and organization. Univariate ANOVA and post hoc pairwise comparisons highlight differences in specific nationality groups.
Delayed complications of venous access

Long-term catheter-related complications occur despite the selection of the appropriate device and optimal insertion. Complications typically result from a breakdown in maintenance procedures or from the natural history of long-term venous catheter insertion. In any case, the early detection and management of catheter-related complications may save the device and prolong adequate catheter function. Complications can be divided into mechanical, thrombotic, and infectious categories. Mechanical abnormalities relate to malpositioned tips positioned in undesired locations or against a vessel wall and a loss of the mechanical integrity of the catheter-a fracture. The interventionalist will detect and correct these problems. Thrombotic complications include an intracatheter thrombus, fibrin sheath, and catheter-related venous thrombosis. Each requires management which many involve intracatheter urokinase, balloon sheath disruption or intravenous lysis, respectively. Infectious complications manifest as simple exit site infections, a tunnel or pocket abscess, or catheter-related sepsis. Antibiotics with or without incision and drainage, catheter exchange, or catheter removal may be needed. The inserting service (interventional radiologist) must take responsibility for the detection and management of these catheter-related complications.
Physical aging of glassy state: DSC study of vitrified glycerol systems.

Abstract After annealing during the glass transition temperature (Tg) range or at sub-Tg temperatures, a “Tg overshoot” has been observed by differential scanning calorimetry in vitrified 55 and 80% ( W W ) glycerol solutions. The temperature dependence of the overshoot is most pronounced immediately below the Tg and always increases in amplitude with lengthened annealing periods, whether annealed during Tg range or below. Of particular note is the anomalous shift in devitrification temperature (Td) to lower temperatures following increased time of annealing at sub-Tg temperatures. The Tg obtained on warming also occurs at higher temperatures with increased annealing times. The results allow us to suggest the existence of the time and temperature dependency of the glassy state. Accordingly, it may be desirable to maintain vitrified biological systems at temperatures sufficiently below Tg so that the extent of relaxation in the glass system is avoided or minimized during cryopreservation. The relaxation effects must be taken into account prior to warming a biological system after a long-term cryopreservation. These effects should also be considered in studies of vitrification solutions.
When Do We Ostracize

Ostracism is a common, yet painful social experience. Given the harmful consequences of ostracism, why would groups ostracize their members? Previous research suggests that ostracism is a form of social control used to influence those group members perceived as burdensome. The authors propose that individuals will ostracize a group member only when it is justified (i.e., the member seems burdensome) but will compensate a member who is ostracized undeservedly. In Study 1, a group member was ostracized undeservedly by the other players during an online ball-tossing game. Participants allocated more tosses to that ostracized group member than an included one, compensating the ostracized member. In Study 2, participants continued to compensate an ostracized group member, unless that member was burdensome. Participants indicated punitive motives for ostracizing a burdensome group member. These experimental studies extend research on when individuals use ostracism as social control.
The EPR spectra of irradiated KHCO3 crystals

Abstract The EPR spectra of γ-irradiated KHCO 3 and KDCO 3 crystals were re-examined in the hope of identifying in them the species HOCO. This proved unsuccessful, but some anomalies in the results and conclusions of earlier workers concerning trapped CO − 2 and CO − 2 radicals are re-interpreted in the light of improved data.
Glutathione Dependent Reduction of Alloxan to Dialuric Acid Catalyzed by Thioltransferase (Glutaredoxin): A Possible Role for Thioltransferase in Alloxan Toxicity

Recombinant pig liver thioltransferase (rPLTT) catalyzes the reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid by glutathione (GSH). This is the second non-disulfide substrate, after dehydroascorbic acid, described for thioltransferase. The reaction kinetics, measured by a coupled assay including glutathione disulfide reductase and NADPH yielded a Km = 82 microM for alloxan, a k(cat) = 37 s(-1), and a k(cat)/Km = 4.5 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1). The presence of rPLTT suppressed the competitive formation of compound 305, an alloxan-GSH conjugate of unknown structure, and at GSH concentrations between 0.05 mM and 1.5 mM, oxygen consumption was greater than that recorded in the uncatalyzed reaction. Both superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited oxygen consumption in 1.0 mM GSH and 0.2 mM alloxan in the presence of rPLTT. This study suggests that thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) plays a significant role in the cytotoxicity of alloxan in vulnerable tissues.
Condylomata acuminata of the urinary bladder. Natural history, viral typing, and DNA content.

Three patients with condylomata acuminata of the urinary bladder are reported. Two of the patients were immunosuppressed, and one had longstanding extensive condylomata acuminata of the external genitalia and adjacent areas. All lesions recurred at least once and were difficult to treat. The diagnosis was confirmed by in situ hybridization on archival material with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA probes under stringent conditions. In two of the patients, probes for HPV types 6 and 11 were positive; HPV 11 only was identified in one patient. Probes for HPV types 16 and 18 and pBR322 vector controls were negative. In one patient with a strong hybridization signal, the lesion was also positive for common papillomavirus antigen. DNA content measured by cytophotometry of Feulgen-stained whole nuclei isolated from lesions in two patients revealed a markedly aneuploid DNA pattern. Whether this is a factor in the behavior of the lesions is not known at this time. Although rare, HPV infection of the urinary bladder may result in widespread condylomatosis and may mimic giant condylomas of Buschke-Lowenstein or even verrucous carcinomas, sometimes necessitating radical treatment. Nevertheless, until there is proof to the contrary, the lesions must be considered benign and should not be confused with squamous cancer of the bladder.
Ras and rho are required for galphaq-induced hypertrophic gene expression in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes

The hypertrophic response is characterized by increased myofibril/sarcomere organization, induction of the cardiac specific atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2v) genes, and an increase in total cell volume. The alpha1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine induces both the morphological and biochemical markers of hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have suggested a functional requirement for the heterotrimeric G-protein, Galphaq, for a subset of the hypertrophic phenotypes. The small GTPases Ras and Rho have also been implicated in phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy. To further delineate the role of Galphaq in hypertrophy, a constitutively active mutant of Galphaq was transiently transfected in primary rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This molecule was sufficient to induce ANF-, AP1-, and MLC-2-driven gene expression. Co-transfection of Galphaq and dominant negative Ras or dominant negative Raf resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of ANF-driven expression. Both dominant negative Rho, and the Rho inhibitor C3-transferase, also attenuated Galphaq- and Ras-induced ANF-driven gene expression. Cells transfected with active Galphaq did not show a detectable increase in activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK or SAPK. However, activity of the MAP-kinases appears to be important for Galphaq-induced gene expression since the MAP-kinase phosphatase Clone 100 and catalytically inactive SAPK strongly inhibited Galphaq-induced ANF expression. Thus, our studies indicate Galphaq-induced hypertrophic gene expression requires the small G-proteins Ras and Rho. The data also indicates that Galphaq mediated gene expression is dependent on functional MAP-kinases and that multiple signaling pathways contribute to Galphaq-mediated cardiac cell hypertrophy.
Adenosine produces nitric oxide and prevents mitochondrial oxidant damage in rat cardiomyocytes

Objective : To examine if adenosine prevents oxidant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by producing nitric oxide (NO) in cardiomyocytes. Methods and results : Adenosine significantly enhanced the fluorescence of DAF-FM, a dye specific for NO, implying that adenosine induces synthesis of NO. Adenosine-induced NO production was blocked by both the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and N 5-(1-Iminoethyl)-l-ornithine dihydrochloride (l-NIO), an inhibitor of endothelial NOS (eNOS), but not by N 6-(1-Iminoethyl)-l-lysine hydrochloride (l-NIL), an inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS), indicating that adenosine activates eNOS. Adenosine also enhances eNOS phosphorylation and its activity. The adenosine A2 receptor antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine but not the A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine prevented the increase in NO production. CGS21680, an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, markedly increased NO, further supporting the involvement of A2 receptors. Adenosine-induced NO production was blocked by 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-( t -butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (PP2), a selective Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suggesting that Src tyrosine kinase is crucial for adenosine-induced NO production. Adenosine-induced NO production was partially reversed by both wortmannin and Akt inhibitor indicating an involvement of PI3-kinase/Akt. Pretreatment of cells with adenosine prevented H2O2-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m). The protective effect was blocked by l-NAME and l-NIO but not by l-NIL, indicating that eNOS plays a role in the action of adenosine. The protective effect of adenosine was further suppressed by KT5823, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), indicating the PKG may serve as a downstream target of adenosine. Conclusion : Adenosine protects mitochondria from oxidant damage through a pathway involving A2 receptors, eNOS, NO, PI3-kinase/Akt, and Src tyrosine kinase.
Impact of Process Variations and Charge Sharing on the Single-Event-Upset Response of Flip-Flops

Process variations and charge sharing impact the single-event circuit response. This paper correlates parameter shift impact on the single-event upset (SEU) probability of flip-flop designs in advanced CMOS processes under the influence of charge sharing.
The decarboxylation of α-keto-γ-methiolbutyrate in rat liver mitochondria

Abstract The decarboxylation of α-keto-γ-methiolbutyrate, the α-keto acid of methionine has been studied in rat liver. Most (70%) of the decarboxylation activity is in the mitochondrial fraction. The Km for the decarboxylation of α-keto-γ-methiolbutyrate in intact mitochondria is 0.6 mM. Pyruvate, α-keto-butyrate and α-ketoisocaproate significantly inhibit this activity. The inhibition due to α-ketoisocaproate is 3.3 fold that of pyruvate and 1.1 fold that of α-ketobutyrate at a concentration of 0.4 mM.
Adult-Onset of Tangier Disease: 1. Morphometric and Pathologic Studies Suggesting Delayed Degradation of Neutral Lipids after Fiber Degeneration

A 67-year-old woman, with the typical biochemical features of Tangier disease, had a syringomyelia-like syndrome which has now been observed in several patients with symptomatic onset in adult life. She developed progressive facial diplegia, bilateral wasting of hand muscles and loss of sensation over cranial, cervical and brachial dermatomes over 17 years. Nociception alone was first affected, then nociception and thermal discrimination and finally all modalities of sensation. Quantified tests of cutaneous sensation confirmed that sensation was normal in lower limbs but markedly abnormal in upper limbs. Biopsied fascicles of cutaneous nerves from clinically affected (forearm) and from clinically unaffected (leg) regions permitted a comparison of well-advanced and early pathologic lesions, respectively. The selective vulnerability of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers in affected regions in this disorder has been confirmed. The earliest morphologic abnormalities of myelinated fibers, but seen infrequently, were mitochondrial enlargement and structural abnormality, aggregation of mitochondria and dense bodies and clusters of neurofilaments. Increased numbers of sudanophilic lipid droplets did not seem to form in Schwann cell cytoplasm prior to fiber degeneration. On the contrary, for myelinated fibers there appeared to be an altered process of axonal degeneration from that seen in Wallerian degeneration and in other axonal degenerations. Distinctive linear bands of closely-packed, minute, osmiophilic and clear lipid droplets formed and their further degradation appeared delayed. Although less clearly demonstrated, lipid droplets in Schwann cells of unmyelinated fibers also appeared to form following their degeneration. We would propose that in Tangier disease, the degradation of myelin ovoids to neutral lipid in Schwann cells does not appear to be delayed. However, further degradation of neutral lipid or its transport away from Schwann cells appears to be retarded.
Antagonism of the gerbil's sweetener and polycose gustatory responses by copper chloride

Abstract Antagonism of the gerbil's whole chorda tympani nerve taste responses by CuCl2 was studied. A 30 min pretreatment of 0.1 mM CuCl2 suppressed responses to single concentrations of the following sweeteners: l -alanine, l -proline, d -tryptophan, 6-chloro- d -tryptophan, l -valine, glycine, sucrose, maltose, lactose, tetrachloro-galacto-sucrose, glucose, fructose, methyl α- d -glucopyranoside, glycerol, sorbitol, sodium saccharin, l -4′-cyano-3′-(2-2-2-trifluoro acetamido)succinanilic acid, phenethyurea, and stevioside. The responses to l -serine and the starch hydrolysate, Polycose were depressed to a lesser degree. The responses to glycine HCl and NaCl were slightly suppressed by CuCl2. The 0.1 mM CuCl2 had no effect on the shape of the sucrose concentration-response curve or its1/2 maximal response (CR50), but did suppress the maximum response (Rmax, characteristics of non-competitive antagonism. Our work suggests the presence of 2 separate receptor sites on the gerbil's taste receptor cell membrane, one of which interacts with sugar sweeteners and most other non-sugar sweeteners and the other with Polycose.