cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Squeezed Atomic States and Projection Noise in Spectroscopy

We investigate the properties of angular-momentum states which yield high sensitivity to rotation. We discuss the application of these ``squeezed-spin'' or correlated-particle states to spectroscopy. Transitions in an ensemble of N two-level (or, equivalently, spin-1/2) particles are assumed to be detected by observing changes in the state populations of the particles (population spectroscopy). When the particles' states are detected with 100% efficiency, the fundamental limiting noise is projection noise, the noise associated with the quantum fluctuations in the measured populations. If the particles are first prepared in particular quantum-mechanically correlated states, we find that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved over the case of initially uncorrelated particles. We have investigated spectroscopy for a particular case of Ramsey's separated oscillatory method where the radiation pulse lengths are short compared to the time between pulses. We introduce a squeezing parameter ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{R}}$ which is the ratio of the statistical uncertainty in the determination of the resonance frequency when using correlated states vs that when using uncorrelated states. More generally, this squeezing parameter quantifies the sensitivity of an angular-momentum state to rotation. Other squeezing parameters which are relevant for use in other contexts can be defined. We discuss certain states which exhibit squeezing parameters ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{R}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{N}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. We investigate possible experimental schemes for generation of squeezed-spin states which might be applied to the spectroscopy of trapped atomic ions. We find that applying a Jaynes-Cummings--type coupling between the ensemble of two-level systems and a suitably prepared harmonic oscillator results in correlated states with ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{R}}$1.
The effect of cadmium on population growth of the green alga. Scenedesmus quadracauda.

Increasing industrial utilization has led to increasing levels of bioavailable cadmium (Cd) in the environment. The US Department of Health, Education and Welfare has set the acceptable upper limit of Cd in drinking water at 10 ppB. This level is exceeded in many municipal water supplies and natural water bodies. Moreover, even if Cd is undetectable in the water phase, large concentrations may be found in suspended particulate matter and sediment. Little information is available regarding the effect of Cd/sup 2 +/ on aquatic plants, particularly at the primary producer level. Cadmium has been found to accumulate in the Southern Naiad Najas quadulepensis. At a concentration of 7 ppB, exposure for 21 days resulted in accumulation of 7.1 ppM (..mu.. g Cd/g ashed tissue). At concentrations of 90 and 830 ppB, tissue concentrations of 4357 and 5429 ppM were attained. It has been reported that /sup 115/Cd was rapidly sorbed (5-15 min) by algae (species not specified) and that the concentration factor for /sup 115/Cd was approximately 1000. Herein, we report preliminary observations on the toxicity of cadmium to the freshwater alga Scenedesmus quadracauda.
Consumer voting and demand behavior regarding swine gestation crates

Abstract Consumers are increasingly interested in how animals are handled, transported, and cared for. This study provides the first examination of US resident support for a ballot initiative banning use of gestation crates (stalls) in the swine industry. Results suggest latent associations consumers possess between gestation crate use and perceptions of food safety, pork quality, and farm size are more influential determinants of ban support than observable socioeconomic factors. Implications for consumer groups, policy makers, and the swine industry are assessed. Moreover, several suggestions for valuable future research are outlined.
A model of the regulation of circulating thyroxin unbound and bound to plasma proteins and its response to pregnancy, drugs, long-acting thyroid stimulator, and temperature stress

Abstract A model of the control system regulating the level of circulating thyroxin is proposed and some of its important properties are discussed. The responses of the model to several natural and experimental stresses are studied and compared with experimentally observed responses reported in the literature. The model includes the well-known thyroid-pituitary feedback mechanism, regulating the plasma level of free thyroxin unbound to plasma proteins, and the possible effects of the hypothalamus as a component of this system. It also includes the physicochemical mechanism of the binding of thyroxin to certain proteins in the plasma, regulating the level of bound thyroxin and functioning as a buffer-reservoir of thyroxin in the circulation to counteract abrupt changes in the thyroidal secretion rate or the hormone disposal rate. Steady-state solutions to the four nonlinear differential equations of the model and an expression for the fractional disposal rate of free thyroxin are derived, and the mathematical model is extended to include the abnormal effects of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) on thyroidal regulation. The responses of the model to pregnancy, certain drugs that affect the thyroxin-binding mechanism, LATS, and environmental temperature variations are discussed in terms of these mathematical results, and several inferences about system structure and function are obtained from them.
Assessment of Sign Retroreflectivity Compliance for Development of a Management Plan

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) specifies minimum retroreflectivity requirements that include an obligation for agencies to develop a strategy for maintaining compliance. States were given a deadline of January 1, 2012, for the implementation of an assessment or management plan, which led to an increased emphasis on sign asset management. However, a new rule was submitted to the Federal Register to extend and modify the deadlines. With budget considerations, it is important that a transportation agency implement an assessment or management plan that is efficient and provides compliance with the standards required by the MUTCD. The development of an efficient plan requires knowledge of the overall condition of an agency's assets as well as unique considerations regarding its performance. Through a review of previous data collection efforts, this paper details the development of a data collection strategy for assessing the performance of traffic signs maintained by the Utah Department ...
Spray Processable Hybrid 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene: Phenylene Electrochromic Polymers

The optical and redox properties of a new family of thiophene−phenylene-based molecules are reported. The monomers 1,4-bis[2-(3,3-dimethyl-(3,4-propylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene (BProDOT-Me2-B(OC12H25)2) and 1,4-bis[2-(3,3-dihexyl-(3,4-propylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene (BProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2) have been synthesized via Negishi coupling of the alkyl-substituted ProDOT and didodecyloxyphenylene units in ca. 40% yields. They were efficiently electropolymerized to form electroactive films which exhibit redox switching at fairly low potentials (∼+0.1 V vs Fc/Fc+). BProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2) was polymerized via ferric chloride-mediated chemical oxidation and the polymer isolated after dedoping with hydrazine. A number-average molecular weight of 14 600 g/mol was estimated using size exclusion chromatography, and the polymer structure was confirmed by MALDI mass spectrometry. The polymer is highly soluble in chloroform, THF, and toluene, and homogeneous films were prepared by spin-co...
Relativistic electron production during guide field magnetic reconnection

[1] The production of relativistic electrons during guide field magnetic reconnection is investigated with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The acceleration mechanism is found to consist of two important elements. The parallel electric field that exists in the low-density cavities along two of the separatrices leads to the production of a cold electron beam. This beam is funneled into the near vicinity (of the order of a few ion inertia lengths) of the X line where the electrons are further accelerated by the parallel electric field to form the relativistic portion of the electron spectrum. This combined process is more efficient than for undriven magnetic reconnection without a guide field and produces a harder spectrum. Secondary islands which can appear as transient structures during the guide field reconnection process do not appear to play an important role in the production of the relativistic electrons.
Neurally mediated hypotension in fatigued Gulf War veterans: a preliminary report.

Abstract Background: Many patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have neurally mediated hypotension when subjected to head-up tilt, suggesting autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Some Gulf War veterans have symptoms similar to CFS. Whether they also tend to have neurally mediated hypotension is unknown. Methods: We performed 3-stage tilt-table testing on 14 Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue, 13 unfatigued control Gulf War veterans, and 14 unfatigued control subjects who did not serve in the Gulf War. Isoproterenol was used in stages 2 and 3 of the tilt protocol. Results: More fatigued Gulf War veterans than unfatigued control subjects had hypotensive responses to tilt (p
The Legionella pneumophila IcmS–LvgA protein complex is important for Dot/Icm‐dependent intracellular growth

Many bacterial pathogens require a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS) for virulence. Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, employs the Dot/Icm T4SS to inject a large number of protein substrates into its host, thereby altering phagosome trafficking. The L. pneumophila T4SS substrate SdeA has been shown to require the accessory factor IcmS for its export. IcmS, defined as a type IV adaptor, exists as a heterodimer with IcmW and this complex functions in a manner similar to a type III secretion chaperone. Here we report an interaction between IcmS and the previously identified virulence factor LvgA. Similar to the icmS mutant, the lvgA mutant appears to assemble a fully functional Dot/Icm complex. Both LvgA and IcmS are small, acidic proteins localized to the cytoplasm and are not exported by the Dot/Icm system, suggesting they form a novel type IV adaptor complex. Inactivation of lvgA causes a minimal defect in growth in the human monocytic cell line U937 and the environmental host Acanthamoeba castellanii. However, the lvgA mutant was severely attenuated for intracellular growth of L. pneumophila in mouse macrophages, suggesting LvgA may be a critical factor that confers host specificity.
Diffusion of O vacancies near Si : Hf O 2 interfaces: An ab initio investigation

The tendency of oxygen vacancies to diffuse and segregate to the $\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{Hf}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface is evaluated by performing first principles vacancy formation and migration energy calculations at various distances from the interface. These computations indicate that strong thermodynamic and kinetic driving forces exist for the segregation of oxygen vacancies to the interface, providing for a mechanism for the subsequent formation of interfacial phases.
Electrochemical response of titania, zirconia, and alumina electrodes to phosphate adsorption

Low-range (nanomolar), on-site sensing of phosphate concentrations in water is yet to be available, as current methods trade off sensitivity for processing time. To aid in the development of an electrochemical phosphate sensor that satisfies these needs, metal oxides were tested for sensitivity to the phosphate analyte. Titania (TiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (γ-Al2O3) coated electrodes produced via sol–gel methods were compared as sensing materials for this purpose, as these materials strongly adsorb phosphate. Perturbations of cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectra indicated the effects of phosphate addition over the pH range of 6.00–8.75. Potential cycling of the titania and zirconia electrodes produced cathodic features that showed competition between the phosphate ion and OH−. Both lower pH and greater phosphate concentrations increased capacitance for all metal oxides tested. Titania and zirconia electrodes produced a lin–log relationship between the phase of impedance and phosphate concentration, and the relationship proved to be definitive for the porous titania electrodes over the full pH range tested. Titania also showed lesser memory effects with respect to the signal coming from phosphate adsorption than did that of zirconia. Overall, the titania-coated electrode is better poised for purposes of developing a sensor for phosphate.
PRIVATIZATION OF THE URBAN FABRIC: GENDER AND LOCAL GEOGRAPHIES OF TRANSITION IN DOWNTOWN MOSCOW

This article examines the outcomes of the transition to a market economy in downtown Moscow from the perspective of people living through this transformation. Moscow is ahead of the rest of the country if judged by the degree of privatization and the growth of the new private sector; however, the effects of urban restructuring on an urban society are contradictory and not as expected. We seek to understand how these changes in urban space reverberate in the everyday lives of Moscow households. [Key words: transition, urban restructuring, gender, everyday life, Moscow.]
DNA flow cytometry as a predictor of outcome of stage I renal cell carcinoma

The features most frequently used in predicting the outcome of renal cell carcinoma are stage at presentation and nuclear grade. Recently DNA ploidy pattern, as detected by DNA flow cytometry has also been shown to be predictive. In this study DNA flow cytometry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 50 patients with Stage I renal cell carcinoma for whom long-term follow-up data were available. Two were eliminated for technical reasons. Of the 48 evaluable tumors, 25 (52%) were diploid, 19 (40%) were nondiploid, and in four, (8%) the ploidy was uncertain. The ploidy pattern was statistically significantly associated with nuclear grade (P < 0.02), and primary tumor size (P < 0.05) but did not correlate with cell type, microscopic growth pattern, or the presence or absence of mitotic activity. In the group as a whole, ten patients (21%) died of renal cell carcinoma, seven of 19 (37%) with nondiploid tumor patterns, and two of 25 (8%) with a diploid pattern (P < 0.03). One of four patients (25%) with tumors of uncertain ploidy also died. However, only two factors, nuclear grade and primary tumor size, were independent predictors of outcome. For Stage I renal cell carcinoma, ploidy can significantly predict patient outcome and correlates with nuclear grade and tumor size, but is not an independent predictive variable. Cancer 63:1161-1165, 1989. ENAL CELL CARCINOMA ACCOUNTS for approxiR mately 9000 deaths in the US annually and about 19,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.' It is well known for its unpredictable behavior and tendency to recur and metastasize years after diagnosk2 As adjuvant chemotherapy becomes increasingly popular, the ability to identify patients at high risk for progression is critical. The current best predictor of behavior is the stage at diagn~sis.~ Several studies have shown histologic grading to be a good predictor of outcome after ~tage.~-~ The DNA content of renal cell carcinoma as measured by flow cytometry has been the subject of multiple recent Some of these did not address the issue of
Clashing epistemologies: Aspiring teachers', practicing teachers', and professors' beliefs about knowledge and research in education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in preservice teachers’, practicing teachers’, and teacher education professors’ beliefs about educational research; specifically, what counts as legitimate knowledge in education and how that knowledge may be obtained. Participants’ responses to two vignettes and dilemmas indicate that many preservice teachers believe that educational knowledge is highly particularistic, and that it cannot be falsified. In contrast, most professors articulated the belief that educational knowledge can be generalized and also falsified. Practicing teachers fell in the middle of this continuum. Implications of these different beliefs and assumptions for teacher education are discussed.
The relationship of cognitive retraining to neurological patients’ work and school status

Primary objective: To explore the relationship of cognitive retraining performance to discharge productivity status.Methods and procedures: One hundred and one brain-injured patients from a holistic milieu-oriented work/school re-entry programme.Experimental interventions: Initial, last, mean and best cognitive retraining scores; cognitive retraining behavioural checklist ratings; and working alliance scores.Main outcomes and results: Most (82.2%) of the sample returned to paid work or school. Better performance on two cognitive retraining tasks addressing information processing speed, visual scanning, visuospatial skills and memory were associated with return to the same level of work/school with and without modifications. Selected process variables related to the patients’ behavioural approach to cognitive retraining tasks (e.g. their use of compensations, organizational and abstraction skills, procedural skills and unassisted task recall) were associated with better work/school outcomes. Patients’ posi...
A wavelength multiplexed interferometric inertial sensor network for nondestructive evaluation and distributed monitoring

The Fabry-Perot Interferometer based accelerometer is proposed for use in fiber optic sensor networks. Despite the potential for high performance in the detection of vibrations, previously such sensors had limited use in these networks. Since the sensor operates as an optical transmission loss filter, simple serial network implementations are difficult. However, by forming the optical resonance cavity of the sensor with wavelength dependent reflective surfaces, a simply serialized network of sensor can be demonstrated through the wavelength division multiplexing of the interferometric signal fringes. This paper summarizes the concept and experimentally demonstrates and evaluated the serialization of two acceleration sensors.
Dolomitization by Thermal Convection in Carbonate Platforms: ABSTRACT

Thermal convection may be a significant dolomitizing ground-water flow process in active carbonate platforms. In platform margins there is an upward transfer of seawater from the surrounding ocean depths. This motion is induced by the strong horizontal density gradient that exists between the warmer platform interior (warmed by geothermal heat flux) and the cold surrounding ocean waters. The cold dense seawater flows inward displacing the platform pore waters upward. This flow process was discovered and studied in south Florida by Francis Kohout. Here these upwelling waters discharge from well-known submarine springs on the shelf and shelf edge. The waters are of seawater composition but with increased Ca/Mg suggesting that they have acted as dolomitizing fluids. In Flori a this flow pattern is distorted by and mixed with the large regional flow of the Floridan aquifer. In isolated platforms this distortion should not occur. To test the idea that this kind of convection might be an important diagenetic agent in platform settings in general, I have used ground-water flow theory to model this process in isolated platforms. Approximate theory suggests that Darcy velocities of 1 m/yr (3 ft/yr) occur. I am using boundary layer theory to determine the fully developed flow pattern and the distance from the margin to which the flow penetrates. The rate of dolomitization that could be developed by this process is comparable to and may exceed that of other flow processes in active platforms. I conclude that this "Kohout convection" is a large-scale flow process tha appears capable of pervasive dolomitization of platform margins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 528------------
Construction Equipment For Building A First Lunar Outpost

Construction equipment for extraterrestrial applications is only at the initial development stage. This paper summarizes preliminary results in three types of construction equipment which are motivated by the construction problems involved in First Lunar Outposts.
To nest or not to nest, when and how much: representing intermediate results of graph pattern queries in MapReduce based processing

Many queries on RDF datasets involve triple patterns whose properties are multi-valued. When processing such queries using flat data models and their associated algebras, intermediate results could contain a lot of redundancy. In the context of processing using MapReduce based platforms such as Hadoop, such redundancy could account for a non-trivial proportion of overall disk I/O, sorting and network data transfer costs. Further, when MapReduce workflows consist of multiple cycles as is typical when processing RDF graph pattern queries, these costs could compound over multiple cycles. However, it may be possible to avoid such overhead if nested data models and algebras are used.In this short paper, we present some on-going research into the use of a nested TripleGroup data model and Algebra (NTGA) for MapReduce based RDF graph processing. The NTGA operators fully subscribe to the NTG data model. This is in contrast to systems such as Pig where the data model supports some nesting but the algebra is primarily tuple based (requiring the flattening of nested objects before other operators can be applied). This full subscription to the nested data model by NTGA also enables support for different unnesting strategies including delayed and partial unnesting. We present a preliminary evaluation of these strategies for efficient management of multi-valued properties while processing graph pattern queries in Apache Pig.
Some Challenges in Massively Parallel Computation

The search for faster, more accurate, less costly computational solutions to hard problems, such as those in the study of fluid dynamics, leads us to seriously consider the use of modern ultrafast supercomputers. It turns out that the world of supercomputers is currently undergoing a major revolution which bids to accelerate the previously rapid rate of performance improvements while at the same time significantly improving price/performance. Moreover, with the adoption of the High Performance Computing and Communication Initiative by the federal government, this revolution is likely to gain momentum.
Next-to-leading order calculation of three-jet observables in hadron-hadron collision

The production of three jets in hadron-hadron collisions is the first complex process which allows us to define a branch of variables in order to make more precise measurements of the strong coupling and the parton distribution function of the proton. This process is also suitable for studying the geometrical properties of the hadronic final state at hadron colliders. This requires a next-to-leading order prediction of the three-jet observables. In this paper we describe the theoretical formalism of such a calculation with sufficient detail. We use the dipole method to construct a Monte Carlo program for calculating three-jet observables at next-to-leading order accuracy. We present a theoretical prediction for inclusive and exclusive cross sections and for some relevant event shape variables such as the transverse thrust, transverse jet broadening, and ${E}_{t3}$ variable.
Miscible blends of a sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) and aromatic polyimides

Etude en fonction de leur composition de melanges de poly(oxy phenyleneoxy-1,4 phenylenecarbonyl-1,4 phenylene-1,4) sulfonate avec, d'une part un polyetherimide, le poly([bis-(dicarboxyphenoxy-3,4)-2,2' phenylpropane] phenylene-2 bisimide), et d'autre part un polyamideimide produit de condensation de l'anhydride trimellitique avec un melange d'oxy-4,4' bis-aniline et le m-phenylenediamine
Shapes, multiple twins and surface structures of monodisperse FePt magnetic nanocrystals

Shapes, surface atomic arrangement and structural evolution induced by annealing of monodisperse FePt nanocrystals, synthesized by a solution phase chemical procedure, have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The as-synthesized FePt nanocrystals display dominantly a truncated octahedron shape enclosed by flat {1 0 0}, stepped {1 1 1} and zig-zag {1 1 0} facets. The Marks decahedron FePt nanocrystals and the icosahedron based multiply twined FePt nanocrystals are identified in the as-synthesized particles. An improved structural model has been proposed for the multiply twined nanocrystals. After annealing, the {1 1 0} facets disappear and a regular cuboctahedron becomes the dominant shape. Surfaces of the FePt nanocrystals show no reconstruction but with some atomic steps and kinks. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
65Zinc Metabolism Is Altered during Diabetic Pregnancy in Rats

To assess further diabetes-induced alterations in gestational Zn metabolism we examined the uptake/retention and distribution of 65Zn during pregnancy. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with and without insulin treatment, were gavaged with 65Zn on gestational d 12 or 18. Six hours post-intubation, untreated diabetic dams at d 12 of gestation had a lower percentage of retained 65Zn in bone, plasma, erythrocytes, pancreas and spleen than did controls. Retention of 65Zn in amniotic fluid and sacs and in embryos was similar among groups. Untreated diabetic dams at d 18 of gestation had a higher percentage of retained 65Zn in liver, intestine and urine, and most notably a lower percentage in amniotic fluid, placenta, fetus and fetal liver. Lower percentages of 65Zn were found in bone, muscle, plasma, erythrocytes, lung, spleen, heart, pancreas and uterus of diabetic dams compared with controls. HPLC fractionation of samples from maternal livers showed a higher percentage of Zn, Cu and 65Zn associated with the metallothionein peak in samples from untreated diabetic dams compared with other groups, whereas the percentages of Zn, Cu and 65Zn per fraction in fetal liver were similar. The marked decrease in retained 65Zn in products of conception at d 18 suggests either decreased placental transport or altered maternal and/or fetal Zn-binding ligands. Insulin treatment significantly reversed the streptozotocin diabetes-induced derangements in maternal and fetal Zn metabolism.
2,3′,4,5′-Tetramethoxystilbene prevents deoxycorticosterone- salt-induced hypertension: Contribution of cytochrome P-450 1B1

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to various models of hypertension, including deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Recently, we have shown that ROS, generated by cy...
Reducing Eating Disorder Risk Factors: A Pilot Effectiveness Trial of a Train-the-Trainer Approach to Dissemination and Implementation

Objective Impediments limit dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), including lack of sufficient training. One strategy to increase implementation of EBIs is the train-the-trainer (TTT) model. The Body Project is a peer-led body image program that reduces eating disorder (ED) risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of a TTT model at reducing risk factors in Body Project participants. Specifically, this study examined whether a master trainer could train a novice trainer to train undergraduate peer leaders to administer the Body Project such that individuals who received the Body Project (i.e., participants) would evidence comparable outcomes to previous trials. We hypothesized that participants would evidence reductions in ED risk factors, with effect sizes similar to previous trials. Method Utilizing a TTT model, a master trainer trained a novice trainer to train undergraduate peer leaders to administer the Body Project to undergraduate women. Undergraduate women aged 18 years or older who received the Body Project intervention participated in the trial and completed measures at baseline, post-treatment, and five-month follow-up. Primary outcomes included body dissatisfaction, thin ideal internalization, negative affect, and ED pathology. Results Participants demonstrated significant reductions in thin ideal internalization, ED pathology and body dissatisfaction at post-treatment and 5-month follow-up. At 5 months, using three different strategies for managing missing data, effect sizes were larger or comparable to earlier trials for 3 out of 4 variables. Discussion Results support a TTT model for Body Project implementation and the importance of utilizing sensitivity analyses for longitudinal datasets with missing data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1122–1131)
A Phase I/II Trial of Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Gemcitabine in Untreated Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Paclitaxel and carboplatin is widely used in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, median survival remains <1 year. One strategy to improve survival is to add a third active drug with a differing mechanism of action. Gemcitabine is a novel antimetabolite with considerable activity in NSCLC. The primary objective of this Phase I/II study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose of gemcitabine administered with fixed doses of paclitaxel and carboplatin in untreated patients with advanced NSCLC.
Impact of gender and endothelin on renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration induced by relaxin in conscious rats.

Chronic administration of the hormone relaxin elicits renal vasodilation that is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) in both conscious intact and ovariectomized female rats. Our first objective was to t...
Abstract 1425: FBXO11 suppresses epithelial plasticity and proliferation by ubiquitinating the Snail family of transcription factors

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is central to embryonic development and carcinoma progression. The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin critically maintains epithelial property and restricts epithelial cell proliferation and motility. The Snail family of transcription factors are core inducers of EMT in part through direct repression of E-cadherin transcription. The Snail factors are normally under tight control to safeguard epithelial identity and homeostasis. However, their physiological regulation remains largely elusive. In the present study, we show that the F-box protein FBXO11 binds to Snail in a phosphorylation-independent manner and targets it for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. FBXO11 promotes the degradation of other Snail family members Slug and SCRT1 as well. Overexpression of FBXO11 in mesenchymal cells reduces Snail protein abundance and activates E-cadherin transcription. Conversely, depletion of endogenous FBXO11 in epithelial cancer cells causes Snail protein accumulation, EMT, and tumor invasion. Human cancer-derived FBXO11 missense mutants are impaired to degrade Snail. In human cancer, FBXO11 expression correlates with E-cadherin, and decreased expression of FBXO11 is robustly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Inactivation of FBXO11 in mice results in neonatal lethality, increased Snail and Slug protein levels, decreased E-cadherin expression, and epidermal hyperplasia, which phenotypically resemble epidermis-specific transgenic overexpression of Snail or deletion of E-cadherin. These findings establish FBXO11 as a physiological ubiquitin ligase of Snails that is indispensable for suppressing epithelial hyperproliferation and plasticity during embryonic development and carcinoma progression. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jianrong Lu, Yue Jin, Anitha K. Shenoy, Hao Chen, Huacheng Luo,Lizi Wu, Kamal A. Mohammed. FBXO11 suppresses epithelial plasticity and proliferation by ubiquitinating the Snail family of transcription factors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1425
Introduced Microbes Enhance Root Health and Plant Growth

Abstract Growth stimulation and root health, dynamics of root colonization by microorganisms, altered root physiology as the result of infection, rootlet turnover and root health, impact of introduced microbes on plant growth, and future research needs in the root health field are the main topics mentioned and discussed in the paper
Determination of pressure drop across activated carbon fiber respirator cartridges

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) is considered as an alternative adsorbent to granular activated carbon (GAC) for the development of thinner, lighter, and efficient respirators because of their larger surface area and adsorption capacities, thinner critical bed depth, lighter weight, and fabric form. This study aims to measure the pressure drop across different types of commercially available ACFs in respirator cartridges to determine the ACF composition and density that will result in acceptably breathable respirators. Seven ACF types in cloth (ACFC) and felt (ACFF) forms were tested. ACFs in cartridges were challenged with pre-conditioned constant air flow (43 LPM, 23°C, 50% RH) at different compositions (single- or combination-ACF type) in a test chamber. Pressure drop across ACF cartridges were obtained using a micromanometer, and compared among different cartridge configurations, to those of the GAC cartridge, and to the NIOSH breathing resistance requirements for respirator cartridges. Single-ACF type cartridges filled with any ACFF had pressure drop measurements (23.71-39.93 mmH2O) within the NIOSH inhalation resistance requirement of 40 mmH2O, while those of the ACFC cartridges (85.47±3.67 mmH2O) exceeded twice the limit due possibly to the denser weaving of ACFC fibers. All single ACFF-type cartridges had higher pressure drop compared to the GAC cartridge (23.13±1.14 mmH2O). Certain ACF combinations (2 ACFF or ACFC/ACFF types) resulted to pressure drop (26.39-32.81 mmH2O) below the NIOSH limit. All single-ACFF type and all combination-ACF type cartridges with acceptable pressure drop had much lower adsorbent weights than GAC (≤15.2% of GAC weight), showing potential for light-weight respirator cartridges. 100% ACFC in cartridges may result to respirators with high breathing resistance and, thus, is not recommended. The more dense ACFF and ACFC types may still be possibly used in respirators by combining them with less dense ACFF materials and/or by reducing cartridge bed depth to reduce pressure drop to acceptable levels. ACFF by itself may be more appropriate as adsorbent materials in ACF respirator cartridges in terms of acceptable breathing resistance.
The Woman Will Be Out: A New Look at the Law in Shakespeare's Hamlet

Many readers have noted the abundant references to law in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Indeed, a whole sub-genre of criticism has developed around the question of whether Shakespeare's knowledge of law, as reflected in this play and others, is detailed and extensive enough to indicate legal training. These critics, however, have so far lacked scholarly backgrounds in Early Modern English literature and culture, and thus fail to connect the legal language and themes of the play to its other concerns about gender and rule. By the same token, literature scholars writing about the play have lacked backgrounds in English legal history. Bringing both perspectives to bear, I show that the play's legal allusions are closely related to its other concerns about gender, and that these themes in turn partake of changes in the broader culture, namely, the end of the forty-year reign of Elizabeth, a woman ruler, and an ensuing backlash against female political power. In sum, I will show that placing the play's legal references in context reveals that they are part of a process of ejecting the feminine from the political realm.
The role of the sensorimotor system in the athletic shoulder.

Objective: To discuss the role of the sensorimotor system as it relates to functional stability, joint injury, and muscle fatigue of the athletic shoulder and to provide clinicians with the necessary tools for restoring functional stability to the athletic shoulder after injury. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, and CINAHL from 1965 through 1999 using the key words “proprioception,” “neuromuscular control,” “shoulder rehabilitation,” and “shoulder stability.” Data Synthesis: Shoulder functional stability results from an interaction between static and dynamic stabilizers at the shoulder. This interaction is mediated by the sensorimotor system. After joint injury or fatigue, proprioceptive deficits have been demonstrated, and neuromuscular control has been altered. To restore stability after injury, deficits in both mechanical stability and proprioception and neuromuscular control must be addressed. A functional rehabilitation program addressing awareness of proprioception, restoration of dynamic stability, facilitation of preparatory and reactive muscle activation, and implementation of functional activities is vital for returning an athlete to competition. Conclusions/Recommendations: After capsuloligamentous injury to the shoulder joint, decreased proprioceptive input to the central nervous system results in decreased neuromuscular control. The compounding effects of mechanical instability and neuromuscular deficits create an unstable shoulder joint. Clinicians should not only address the mechanical instability that results from joint injury but also implement both traditional and functional rehabilitation to return an athlete to competition.
Laplace Plane Dynamics with Solar Radiation Pressure in the Vicinity of an Asteroid

The modified Laplace plane (modified by including solar radiation pressure as a perturbation) gives a surface of frozen orbits that could be advantageous for spacecraft. The modified Laplace plane is defined by an angle and circular orbit radius from a small body where the perturbations from the Sun, J2 and solar radiation pressure are balanced. The modified Laplace plane will be applied to an object around an asteroid. The modified Laplace plane and various other initial conditions will be investigated at three different asteroids, Bennu, 66391 (1999 KW4) and Vesta. These asteroids have different masses, shape, spin axes and orbits around the Sun that will lead to various results. A spacecraft of varying mass-to-area ratio will also be investigated. These different parameters will help determine what causes instability with regard to escape or collision of the spacecraft. The analysis will focus on determining how stable the modified Laplace plane and the Sun terminator plane are to escapes and collisions.
Gas-phase reactions of CF(+) with molecules of interstellar relevance.

We have studied the gas-phase reactions of CF+ with 24 neutral species. Reaction rate constants and product branching fractions are measured at 298 K using a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube. Experimental work is supported by computational chemistry calculations to provide insight into the reactivity of classes of neutral molecules. Reactions of CF+ with small triatomic species and oxygen-containing organic molecules produce the stable molecule CO. The product branching fractions are discussed, and the potential energy surfaces for a few representative reactions are examined. CF+ is highly reactive with complex molecules and will likely be destroyed in dense environments in the interstellar medium. However, the lack of reactivity with small diatomic molecules will likely enable its survival in diffuse regions.
Citizenship as Privilege and Social Identity Implications for Psychological Distress

Citizenship is both a system of privilege and a source of social identity. This study examines whether there are disparities in psychological distress between citizens and noncitizens, and whether ...
Tip region of a hydraulic fracture driven by a laminar-to-turbulent fluid flow

The focus of this study is to analyse the tip region of a hydraulic fracture, for which a fluid flow inside the crack transitions from the laminar to the turbulent regime away from the tip. To tackle the problem, a phenomenological formula for flow in pipes has been adapted to describe flow in a fracture through the concept of a hydraulic diameter. The selected model is able to capture laminar, turbulent and transition regimes of the flow. The near-tip region of a hydraulic fracture is analysed by focusing on steady propagation of a semi-infinite hydraulic fracture with leak-off, for which the aforementioned phenomenological formula for the fluid flow is utilized. First, the distance from the tip within which a laminar solution applies is estimated. Then, expressions for asymptotic solutions that are associated with fully developed turbulent flow inside the semi-infinite hydraulic fracture are derived. Finally, the laminar zone size and the asymptotic solutions are compared with the numerical solution, where the latter captures all regimes of the fluid flow.
MO‐AB‐BRA‐02: Modeling Nanoparticle‐Eluting Spacer Degradation During Brachytherapy Application with in Situ Dose‐Painting

Purpose: Brachytherapy application with in situ dose-painting using gold nanoparticles (GNP) released from GNP-loaded brachytherapy spacers has been proposed as an innovative approach to increase therapeutic efficacy during brachytherapy. This work investigates the dosimetric impact of slow versus burst release of GNP from next generation biodegradable spacers. Methods: Mathematical models were developed based on experimental data to study the release of GNP from a spacer designed with FDA approved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer. The diffusion controlled released process and PLGA polymer degradation kinetics was incorporated in the calculations for the first time. An in vivo determined diffusion coefficient was used for determining the concentration profiles and corresponding dose enhancement based on initial GNP-loading concentrations of 7 mg/g. Results: The results showed that there is significant delay before the concentration profile of GNP diffusion in the tumor is similar to that when burst release is assumed as in previous studies. For example, in the case of burst release after spacer administration, it took up to 25 days for all the GNP to be released from the spacer using diffusion controlled release process only. However, it took up to 45 days when a combined model for both diffusion and polymer degradation processes was used. Based on the tumor concentration profiles, a significant dose enhancement factor (DEF >20%), could be attained at a tumor distances of 5 mm from a spacer loaded with 10 nm GNP sizes. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to take the slow release of GNP from spacers and factors such as biodegradation of polymers into account in research development of GNP-eluting spacers for brachytherapy applications with in-situ dose-painting using gold nanoparticles. The findings suggest that I-125 may be the more appropriate for such applications given the relatively longer half-live compared to other radioisotopes like Pd-103 and Cs-131.
Interest Matters: The Importance of Promoting Interest in Education

Interest is a powerful motivational process that energizes learning, guides academic and career trajectories, and is essential to academic success. Interest is both a psychological state of attention and affect toward a particular object or topic, and an enduring predisposition to reengage over time. Integrating these two definitions, the four-phase model of interest development guides interventions that promote interest and capitalize on existing interests. Four interest-enhancing interventions seem useful: attention-getting settings, contexts evoking prior individual interest, problem-based learning, and enhancing utility value. Promoting interest can contribute to a more engaged, motivated, learning experience for students.
The Moral Force of Indigenous Politics: Stepping behind the claims of culture: constructing identities, constituting politics

Democratic societies struggle with the demands of ethnic minorities. In the last decade of the twentieth century, these struggles were exacerbated by the rise of new cultural claims and claimants. Democratization engendered discussions about citizenship and membership, which raised questions of national identity and belonging. The Soviet Union disintegrated as its component units exercised their rights to national self-determination; the European Union attempted to develop new standards for the protection of minorities; and indigenous rights were enshrined in international law. The demands of ethnic minorities punctuate the political landscape in rural and urban areas, in developed and developing countries, in the East and in the West, re-shaping the terms of political debate, and raising new points of political contestation. Liberal democrats worry about this political turn. They worry about the extent to which democracies can accommodate the competing claims of ethnic groups, and they worry about their obligations to do so. They are concerned in particular because they believe that demands for bilingual education, autonomy, and cultural respect represent fundamental demands for the recognition of human identity, and that they therefore engage a deeper level of commitment than other claims. As such they impose greater obligations on the democratic state. They also pose a greater threat, as democratic institutions struggle to process and accommodate the deeply held but incompatible cultural commitments of their citizens.