cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Which Relationship Skills Count Most? A Large-Scale Replication

AbstractIn a large-scale follow-up to a recently published study, data obtained from 25,507 subjects in 58 countries (mainly the United States and Canada) were analyzed in an attempt to rank order seven important relationship competencies. In both studies, two competencies—communication and knowledge of partner—proved to be the strongest predictors of self-reported satisfaction in current relationships, a finding that might help provide some guidance for relationship education and therapy. Although both studies showed little differences overall between the relationship skills of males and females—that is, only small, nonsignificant differences in total scores obtained on the testing instrument—both studies found clear differences in the kinds of skills males and females bring to intimate relationships, a finding that is consistent with the findings of other studies. Effects were also found for race, education, and sexual orientation but not for age or country of residence.
Heat Resistance of Clostridium botulinum Type G in Phosphate Buffer.

The heat resistance of two strains of Clostridium botulinum type G in phosphate buffer was studied by the thermal death time (TDT) tube method and the thermal destruction rate (TDR) method. The strains were estimated to have one highly heat-resistant spore among approximately 100 spores or 10,000 relatively heat-labile spores. The heat-labile spores were studied by the TDR method and the heat-resistant spores by the TDT tube method. Decimal reduction times (D) for the heat-labile spores were determined by the slopes of the survivor curves. D values for strain 89 ranged from 0.6 min at 190°F to 6.9 min at 170°F and for strain 2739 from 0.9 min at 200°F to 5.9 min at 180°F. Thermal destruction curves for the heat-labile spores gave z values of 24.0 and 17.5 for two spore stocks of strain 89 and 26.0 for strain 2739. D values for the heat-resistant spores, calculated from the combined data of replicate experiments by the Schmidt probability method, ranged from 0.29 min at 240°F to 1.51 min at 210°F for strain 89 and from 0.25 min at 240°F to 1.48 min at 210°F for strain 2739. Extrapolated to 250°F, the thermal destruction curves of the heat-resistant spores gave D250 values of 0.14 to 0.19 min. The thermal destruction curves of the heat-resistant spores were very flat, however, with z values of 37.9 and 49.1 for the two spore stocks of strain 89 and 37.7 for strain 2739. Low-acid canned food processes will provide the same margin of safety for type G as for other proteolytic strains of C. botulinum but ultra high processing temperatures probably will not.
The Early Challenges of Antibiotic Discovery

Professor Kim Lewis' excellent review of the status of antibiotic research (“Challenges of Antibiotic Discovery,” Microbe, September 2015, p. 363–369) unfortunately includes a common microbiological misconception that should be addressed. He comments that Selman Waksman “introduced a simple screen which essentially replicates the accidental discovery of Fleming—a Streptomyces spot-inoculated on a plate with a lawn of the test pathogen, and a zone of growth inhibition indicates the presence of an antibiotic.” However, the variety of complex twists and turns of screening for antibiotics are illustrated by the theses of the following students of Waksman's and not readily apparent from the published papers: H. Boyd Woodruff (actinomycin)(H. B. Woodruff, The production of antibiotic substances by soil microorganisms. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1942), Elizabeth Horning (clavacin and fumigacin)(E. S. Horning, Distribution and properties of antagonistic fungi and actinomycetes in nature. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1942), Doris Jones (antiviral screen)(D. Jones, The effect of micro-organisms and antibiotic substances upon viruses. M.S. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1945), Elizabeth Bugie (antibiotic production)(E. J. Bugie, Production of antibiotic substances by Aspergillus flavus and Chaetomium cochliodes, M.S. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1944), and Albert Schatz (streptomycin)(A. Schatz, Streptomycin, an antibiotic agent produced by Actinomyces griseus. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1945). In 1952 the Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Selman Waksman for his “ingenious systematic and successful studies of soil microbes that led to the discovery of streptomycin.” Likewise, this year the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was in part awarded to Satoshi mura for the discovery of Avermectin, and the Nobel Assembly cited Dr. mura's “extraordinary skills in developing unique methods” for the isolation of Streptomyces species. Screening methodology merits focus.
Reverse Thermal Gel for In Utero Coverage of Spina Bifida Defects: An Innovative Bioengineering Alternative to Open Fetal Repair.

Current state-of-the-art management of open spina bifida defects entails an open fetal surgery approach associated with significant morbidities. In an attempt to reduce these risks and provide for an earlier minimally invasive repair, it is aimed to develop and characterize an innovative alternative using a unique reverse thermal gel. This study focuses on characterization of the physical and biological properties of the polymer and its in vivo applicability. Based on the knowledge and benchmarking, the “ideal” biomaterial should have the following characteristics: stability in amniotic fluid, limited permeability, biocompatibility, biologically functional, nontoxic, ability to support cellular functions, and in vivo applicability. The results demonstrate that the polymer possesses a unique ultrastructure, is stable in amniotic fluid, possesses limited yet predictable permeability, biocompatible with cells exposed in neural tube defects, is nontoxic, and can support cellular migration. These characteristics make it a potential novel alternative to open fetal repairs.
SPIRITUALITY AND DECISION-MAKING IN INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATIONS: THE CURRENT VIEWS

This paper titled Spirituality and decision-making in industrial organisations: The current views examined one of the most current issues in industrial organisational management today. This is the idea of allowing people’s spirituality to begin to influence their decision-making activities in the workplace. This exercise hitherto had been within the arm beat of formal, rational and bureaucratic principles in the organisation. Writers and supporters of this new move cite the nature of today’s industrial organisations as their reason. They cite the growing complexity and uncertainties of today’s industrial organisations as creating causes for concern for both workers and management. Conclusions are that allowing spirituality to influence organisational decision-making would be for the good of workers and management. Among the key words looked at are spirituality, decision-making, organisation, and organisation culture.
Dynamic air-bearing hardware-in-the-loop testbed to experimentally evaluate autonomous spacecraft proximity maneuvers

Ground-based testbeds are critical to develop and test different elements of spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control subsystems. This paper provides an in-detail description of a state-of-the-...
Biosynthesis and Function of Eicosanoids in the Uterus

The credit for the discovery of prostaglandins belongs to the Swedish scientist U. S. von Euler. Other scientists had observed pharmacological effects with semen and prostatic extracts that can now, with hindsight, be attributed to the presence of prostaglandins. It was von Euler, however, who established beyond doubt that the active principle, which he named prostaglandin, belongs to a completely new group of naturally occurring substances.
Student and Faculty Perspectives on the Use of Movies in Public Health Pedagogy

Introduction. Movies can be used in public health pedagogy to illustrate concepts and build students’ connection to the material. This study describes the perspectives of undergraduates and faculty...
Surgical Management of Lumbosacral Giant Invasive Spinal Schwannoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background Giant invasive spinal schwannomas (GISSs) comprise a rare, specific subtype of schwannomas that extend >2 spinal levels, erode vertebral bodies, and invade extraspinal tissues. Optimal surgical management of resulting spinal instability has yet to be determined, and overall there is limited published literature on GISS. We report an innovative method used to treat a rare case of lumbosacral GISS using a triangular frame reconstruction to reconnect the spinal column to the pelvis after tumor debulking. This method of using femur allograft in lieu of metal rods can promote stronger bony fusion of the construct. Case Description A 19-year-old woman presented with worsening lower back pain, which was due to a giant invasive spinal schwannoma that invaded the L4-S1 vertebral bodies and extended intrathecally from T10-S2, compromising the stability of her spine. The primary resection of the tumor was completed in 3 stages and was followed by a multilevel fusion involving a triangular construct made of femur allograft to reconnect the unstable spinal column with the pelvis. Maximal resection of the tumor was achieved with early rehabilitation. Pseudoarthrosis occurred, which was successfully fused after revision with the addition of an implanted bone stimulator. Seven years later, she remains in stable neurological condition. Conclusions We recommend the use of femur allograft in triangular frame constructs for lumbosacral GISS to foster more stable, physiologic spinopelvic fusion.
Quantification of Hepatic Organic Anion Transport Proteins OAT2 and OAT7 in Human Liver Tissue and Primary Hepatocytes

Organic anion transporter (OAT) 2 and OAT7 were recently shown to be involved in the hepatic uptake of drugs; however, there is limited understanding of the population variability in the expression of these transporters in liver. There is also a need to derive relative expression-based scaling factors (REFs) that can be used to bridge in vitro functional data to the in vivo drug disposition. To this end, we quantified OAT2 and OAT7 surrogate peptide abundance in a large number of human liver tissue samples ( n = 52), as well as several single-donor cryopreserved human hepatocyte lots ( n = 30) by a novel, validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The average surrogate peptide expression of OAT2 and OAT7 in the liver samples was 1.52 ± 0.57 and 4.63 ± 1.58 fmol/μg membrane protein, respectively. While we noted statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05) in hepatocyte and liver tissue abundances for both OAT2 and OAT7, the differences were relatively small (1.8- and 1.5-fold difference in median values, respectively). Large interindividual variability was noted in the hepatic expression of OAT2 (16-fold in liver tissue and 23-fold in hepatocytes). OAT7, on the other hand, showed less interindividual variability (4-fold) in the livers, but high variability for the hepatocyte lots (27-fold). A significant positive correlation in OAT2 and OAT7 expression was observed, but expression levels were neither associated with age nor sex. In conclusion, our data suggest marked interindividual variability in the hepatic expression of OAT2/7, which may contribute to the pharmacokinetic variability of their substrates. Because both transporters were less abundant in hepatocytes than livers, a REF-based approach is recommended when scaling in vitro hepatocyte transport data to predict hepatic drug clearance and liver exposure of OAT2/7 substrates.
Repair of Chemical Damage to Human DNA

Our experiments and the substance of this chapter deal with chemical mutagens and chemical carcinogens and how they affect human cells in vitro. In particular, we assay damage to human DNA and the extent to which it is repaired after treatment with such chemicals. Thus, for our own purposes, we tend to consider all these chemicals as DNA-damaging agents, irrespective of their actions in other systems as mutagens, carcinogens, or both. To point up the importance of repair studies, we will first discuss the sequence of molecular events in hypothetical experiments that do assay mutation and/or carcinogenesis, and we will indicate at what point the nature of the primary lesion and the extent of its repair become matters of prime interest.
Comparative study on the antioxidation behaviors of polycrystalline multilayer and single-crystalline monolayer graphene

Graphene is known effective as a short-term solution to protecting metals from oxidation. Past studies have shown that more layers and fewer defects (e.g. grain boundaries) enhance the antioxidation ability of graphene. However, it has remained unanswered which of these two parameters, namely, number of graphene layers and crystallinity of graphene, is more important when it comes to protecting metals. Herein, we aim to study this subject by comparing the oxidation behaviors of Cu covered by two different types of graphene. One is multilayered but contains a high density of grain boundaries, while the other is free of grain boundaries but comes with only one layer. Through oxidizing experiments in air and water-rich vapor conditions, failure mechanisms of graphene and change of underlying Cu (and Cu oxides) are thoroughly investigated using a wide range of analytical tools, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the single-crystalline, monolayer graphene is more effective than the counterpart in polycrystalline, multilayer format for protecting Cu against oxidation in both air and water-rich vapor conditions. Especially in air oxidizing case, the former graphene raises the temperature barrier by at least 100 °C as compared to the latter graphene. Our results therefore suggest that the crystallinity of graphene deserves more considerations when using graphene as the antioxidizing barrier.
Elections Activate Partisanship across Countries

It has long been argued that elections amplify partisan predispositions. We take advantage of the timing of the cross-national post-election surveys included in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems to explore the effects that elections have on individuals’ attachments to political parties. Within these surveys, under the assumption that the dates on which respondents are interviewed are assigned independent of factors known to affect partisanship, we are able to identify the causal effects of election salience on partisan attachments. We find strong evidence that election salience increases the probability of one having a party attachment, increases the strength of attachments, and heightens the relationship between partisanship and evaluations of political actors. Empirical explorations of our identifying assumption bolster its validity. Our results substantiate the causal role that elections play in activating partisanship.
Gender differences in symptoms and functional status in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation.

Background Catheter ablation improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, despite its benefit, women are less likely than men to undergo catheter ablation. Women with AF have been described to have more frequent and severe symptoms with a lower quality of life than men, and it is therefore unclear why women are less likely to undergo catheter ablation. We prospectively characterized gender differences in AF symptoms among men and women undergoing ablation at UNC using questionnaire data. Methods Functional capacity was assessed with the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and quality of life was assessed with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Symptoms of AF score (CCS-SAF) and the AF Effect on Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Tool (AFEQT). Results Among 191 patients in the study, women were less likely to undergo catheter ablation and had higher rates of paroxysmal AF and higher CHADS2 -VASc scores than men. Women had a worse functional capacity with significantly lower DASI scores than men; quality of life was also worse among women, with higher CCS-SAF scores and lower AFEQT scores than men. After adjustment for AF type, there was a persistent gender difference for functional capacity and symptom measures. Conclusions At the time of catheter ablation, women with AF had a significantly lower functional status with worse symptoms and a lower quality of life than men. The role of this symptom difference on the gender gap in enrollment for catheter ablation is unclear and likely due to multiple patient and provider factors.
Integrating Non-Destructive Testing, Laser Scanning, and Numerical Modeling for Damage Assessment: The Room of the Elements

For preservation efforts and stability assessment of historic structures it is imperative to understand the extent of existing damages and possible modes for how they could have occurred. The aim of this work is to illustrate the importance of integrating documentation, non-destructive testing, and numerical modeling for damage assessment of heritage structures. In particular, this work explores the synthesis of these techniques on a plastered masonry wall in Palazzo Vecchio. Laser scanning was used to capture the geometry of the wall while terrestrial photogrammetry and high-resolution images were used to document the magnitude of cracking in the plaster layer. High resolution thermal images were used to document the distribution of stones and additional cracks not visible through the plaster layer. The results of documentation and non-destructive testing were used to generate an as-built model for structural analysis. Finite distinct element modeling was used to simulate the response of the wall to a series of loading conditions. By comparing the results of simulation to existing crack patterns, theories for how the damage occurred were generated.
E-104 Automated and quantitative angiographic assessment of balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery

Purpose Evaluation for potential ischemic risk following internal carotid artery (ICA) sacrifice assess cerebral perfusion during temporary ICA occlusion. Tc99m-Exametazime Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (HMPAO-SPECT) represents a commonly accepted method for this purpose but is time inefficient, whereas angiographic based methods are less accepted but time efficient. This study compares automated angiographically derived parameters during ICA balloon test occlusion (BTO) to HMPAO-SPECT and manually derived angiographic parameters. Materials/methods Aortic arch, selective ICA and vertebral artery arteriographic anteroposterior projections of the head (6 frames per seconds) from patients undergoing BTO with HMPAO-SPECT. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the watershed zones (figure 1) both manually and using a custom made post-processing program MATLAB R2017a (The MathWorks Inc. 2017) and image J software (NIH). Time-density curves derived from the ROIs were analyzed both manually and automatically to calculate arterial arrival time (AAT), interhemispheric percent differences in peak contrast density (PCD) and Half Maximum Density Width (HMDW) (figure). Estimated cerebral blood volume (eCBV) was automatically derived using the central volume principle, from which cerebral blood flow (eCBF) was calculated as eCBV/HDMDW. Linear regression analysis compared automated derived parameters to manually derived parameters and to SPECT derived occluded versus non-occluded cerebral blood flow ratios (SPECT L/N ratios). Results Nineteen patients with a mean age of 62 (sd=10.0) (12 male) were included. Manually and automatically derived PCD, HMDW delay and ATT had varying degrees of correlation (R2=0.9451, 0.9449 and 0.4176 respectively and high levels of agreement by Bland Altman analysis. Correlations between SPECT values and angiographically automatically derived values showed a strong linear relationship for PCD, HMDW, AAT and eCBF (R2=0.636, 0.680, 0.882, and 0.877 respectively). Measures of delay in AAT between selective and aortic arch studies had a mean 0.12 (SD=0.52) second difference which is attributable to cases with dominant posterior circulation supply due to differences in arrival time through the vertebral artery versus the carotid artery. This suggests that calculation of AAT on aortic arch arteriography may overestimate AAT in cases where collateral supply is posterior circulation dominant. In patients with no interhemispheric CBF difference by SPECT, AAT was under 0.5s. Conclusions Preliminary data indicate that during BTO, PCD, HMDW, AAT and eCBF automatically derived from digital subtraction angiography images can provide an ischemic risk assessment comparable to HMPAO-SPECT. Close attention to the circle of Willis supply is needed for appropriate interpretation of the results. Disclosures A. Salome: None. G. Christoforidis: 1; C; NIH. J. Fan: None. D. Kromrey: None. T. Carroll: 1; C; NIH.
Estimating Gestational Age from Ultrasound: External Validation of the NICHD Formula with Comparison to the Hadlock Regression

Objective To externally validate the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) formula developed from the National Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons and compare with 1984 Hadlock regression in a general obstetrical population. Study Design Cross-sectional study of nonanomalous singletons with a crown-rump length (CRL) and ≥1 additional ultrasound (US) with complete fetal biometrics. CRL established the referent estimated due date to calculate the error at every examination from both formulas. Error was the difference between the CRL-derived gestational age (GA) and each method's predicted GA. Comparisons were also made in three GA intervals: 1 (140/7–206/7), 2 (210/7–286/7), and 3 (≥290/7). Odds ratios evaluated the likelihood of errors outside the prespecified (±) day ranges. Repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations controlled multiple US in the same patient. Results A total of 6,043 patients produced 16,904 USs for evaluation. The NICHD formula yielded significantly smaller mean errors in all GA ranges compared with the Hadlock formula (p Conclusion The NICHD formula is a valid estimate of estimating GA in a general obstetrical population and was superior to the Hadlock formula, most notably in the third trimester.
Data synchronization in Ad Hoc mobile networks

Intermittent connectivity and dynamic network topology create unique challenges for distributed applications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), where individual entities may produce data at any time while moving around continuously. In this poster, we present DDSN, a distributed dataset synchronization protocol in Named Data Networking (NDN) that enables applications in MANETs to keep all members in an application group synchronized on the latest state of a shared dataset. Taking intermittent connectivity as the norm, whenever nodes in the same application group are reachable to each other, DDSN provides an efficient mechanism to unify the shared state and dataset between the encountered nodes.
Novel vectors for functional interrogation of Xenopus ORFeome coding sequences

The current Xenopus ORFeome contains ~10,250 validated, full-length cDNA sequences without stop codons from Xenopus laevis and ~3,970 from Xenopus tropicalis cloned into Gateway-compatible entry vectors. To increase the utility of the ORFeome, we have constructed the Gateway-compatible destination vectors pDXTP and pDXTR, which in combination can control the spatial and temporal expression of any open reading frame (ORF). pDXTP receives a promoter/enhancer of interest, which controls the spatial expression of a doxycycline-inducible transcription factor rtTA. pDXTR receives an ORF of interest, which is controlled by a tetracycline response element enabling temporal control of ORF expression via rtTA activation by simple addition of doxycycline to the rearing water at any desired time point. These vectors can be integrated into the genome via well-established microinjection-based SceI, tol2, or phi-C31 transgenesis procedures and contain fluorescence reporters to confirm transgene integration. Cell-autonomous verification of ORF expression occurs via red nuclear fluorescence due to an mCherry-histone H2B fusion protein that is cleaved from the ORF during translation. Function of all essential features of pDXTP and pDXTR has been experimentally validated. pDXTP and pDXTR provide flexible molecular cloning and transgenesis options to accomplish tissue-specific inducible control of ORF expression in transgenic Xenopus.
Tomayto, tomahto: prescription dose and mean heart dose in evaluating the cardiac impact of involved-field radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma survivors

The cure rate of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has drastically improved over the past several decades due to advances in both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). Over 90% of patients diagnosed with HL this...
Testbed demonstration of high-contrast coronagraph imaging in search for Earth-like exoplanets

Direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet requires starlight suppression with a contrast ratio on the order of 1 ♦ 10-10 at small angular separations of 100 milliarcseconds or less in visible light with more than 50 nm bandwidth. To our knowledge, the technology needed to achieve the contrast and stability has not been demonstrated as of January 2019. The science requirements for near future NASA missions such as James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) coronagraph and Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) are at least 10 times short. To investigate and guide the technology to reach this capability, we built a high contrast coronagraph testbed at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Titled the Decadal Survey Testbed (DST), state-of-art testbed is based on the accumulated experience of JPL’s High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) team. Currently, the DST hosts a Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) with an unobscured, circular pupil. The DST also has two deformable mirrors and is equipped with the Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control (LOWFS/C) subsystem to sense and correct the dynamic wavefront disturbances. In this paper, we present up-to-date progress of the testbed demonstration. As of January 2019, we repeatedly obtain convergence below 4 × 10-10 mean contrast with 10% broadband light centered at 550 nm in a 360 degrees dark hole with a working angle between 3 λ/D and 9 λ/D. We show the key elements used in the testbed and the performance results with associated analysis.
Variability in individual constriction contributions to third formant values in American English /ɹ/

Although substantial variability is observed in the articulatory implementation of the constriction gestures involved in /ɹ/ production, studies of articulatory-acoustic relations in /ɹ/ have largely ignored the potential for subtle variation in the implementation of these gestures to affect salient acoustic dimensions. This study examines how variation in the articulation of American English /ɹ/ influences the relative sensitivity of the third formant to variation in palatal, pharyngeal, and labial constriction degree. Simultaneously recorded articulatory and acoustic data from six speakers in the USC-TIMIT corpus was analyzed to determine how variation in the implementation of each constriction across tokens of /ɹ/ relates to variation in third formant values. Results show that third formant values are differentially affected by constriction degree for the different constrictions used to produce /ɹ/. Additionally, interspeaker variation is observed in the relative effect of different constriction gestures on third formant values, most notably in a division between speakers exhibiting relatively equal effects of palatal and pharyngeal constriction degree on F3 and speakers exhibiting a stronger palatal effect. This division among speakers mirrors interspeaker differences in mean constriction length and location, suggesting that individual differences in /ɹ/ production lead to variation in articulatory-acoustic relations.
Trends in chronic opioid therapy among survivors of head and neck cancer.

Background Survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) have increased risk of opioid misuse. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results-Medicare data, we matched adults ≥66 years diagnosed with HNC 2008-2015 with cancer-free controls. We computed odds ratios (OR) for receipt of chronic opioid therapy (COT, claims for ≥90 consecutive days) for HNC survivors compared to controls each year after matching through 2016. Results The cohort of HNC survivors declined from 5107 in the first year after diagnosis to 604 in the sixth year after diagnosis. For 5 years, rates of COT among HNC survivors exceeded that of controls. Differences between survivors and controls declined each year (ORs: year 1, 4.36; year 2, 2.60; year 3, 2.18; year 4, 1.85; and year 5, 1.35; all P-values Conclusions Among older HNC survivors, cancer-associated opioid use in the first years after diagnosis suggests that the benefit of opioids must balance the risk of opioid misuse.
Nonreciprocity in Photonic Structures with Phase-Change Components

The authors show that a photonic structure involving a phase-change material incorporated into an asymmetric resonant cavity can display unidirectional transmittance, for a broad range of input light intensity. This effect can be used for high-power, magnet-free optical isolation. In the example here, VO${}_{2}$ undergoes a dielectric-to-metal transition when heated by light, becoming highly reflective above its transition point. Crucially, the critical intensities for forward and backward incidence differ by orders of magnitude. Thus phase-change materials, as opposed to nonlinear optical materials, allow better isolation over a much broader intensity range.
Contextualizing LGB youth’s support experiences: The conceptualization of LGB-specific social support

Social support is valuable for preventing and mitigating a range of harms among youth, including victimization and negative mental health outcomes. However, social support research has historically...
Nutraceutical delivery system

Abstract The world population is facing a remarkable change in lifestyle and the consequence of this change must impact health. Macronutrient-enriched, processed, high-calorie convenient food products are dominating the food market supplying our basic need for food. Nutraceuticals not only provide nutrients beyond basic food but also protect our health from various chronic disorders and build our immunity stronger. Delivery of nutraceuticals in processed food was a hurdle for food scientists before two decades. In the last two decades, various nutraceutical delivery systems have been formulated with proven effective delivery at a specific absorbable location with sound science. In this chapter, different nutraceutical delivery systems will be discussed emphasizing loading capacity, functional enhancement, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and absorbability of the delivering nutraceuticals.
Graphical Economies with Resale

Kakade, Kearns, and Ortiz (KKO) introduce a graph-theoretic generalization of the classic Arrow--Debreu (AD) exchange economy. Despite its appeal as a networked version of AD, we argue that the KKO model is too local, in the sense that goods cannot travel more than one hop through the network. We introduce an alternative model in which agents may purchase goods on credit in order to resell them. In contrast to KKO, our model allows for long-range trade, and yields equilibria in more settings than KKO, including sparse endowments. Our model smoothly interpolates between the KKO and AD equilibrium concepts: we recover KKO when the resale capacity is zero, and recover AD when it is sufficiently large. We give general equilibrium existence results, and an auction-based algorithm to compute approximate equilibria when agent utilities satisfy the weak gross-substitutes property.
Pre-solved macromodular networks to increase nonlinear transient analysis capability

A technique that increases about 100 times the circuit size and simulation speed of a nonlinear transient analysis program, will be described. Symbolic solutions to differential equations for commonly used circuits are incorporated in the program as macromodules.
T3SD as a Modeling Methodology

The tricotyledon theory of system design (T3SD) is developed tersely, but completely, the role of T3SD in system modeling is discussed and the application of T3SD to the design of a social system is described.
Potential reversals across site-free passive membranes

Abstract Steady-state membrane potentials can be reversed by changing membrane thickness, according to calculations for reversible ion exchanging membranes with ion transport obeying Nernst-Planck equations. Requirements are illustrated for single uni-univalent bathing electrolytes with (1) one mobile ion relatively favored in the membrane, and (2) the opposite charge ion has the greater mobility in the membrane. The technique of digital simulation isemployed in the solution of the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations for the extraction of a salt M + X − into a membrane phase. Single ion extraction coefficients k + and k − are assumed such that k salt = √K + K − =1. Ion M + is favored in the membrane phase by choosing k + >1. Diffusion coefficients are D − ≫D + . When membrane thickness is large compared to the Debye length, electroneutrality is forced throughout the bulk, and the system behaves as a classical constrained liquid-junction with preferential anion response. At smaller membrane thicknesses, the interior of the cell deviates from electroneutrality, and the system responds preferentially to M + . approaching the Nernstian behavior of the single cation case.
Painful intercourse is significantly associated with evoked pain perception and cognitive aspects of pain in women with pelvic pain.

Introduction Evidence suggests that painful intercourse, pain-related psychosocial factors, and altered pain processing magnify the pain experience, but it is not clear how these factors are related to each other.
Role-based teamwork activity recognition in observations of embodied agent actions

Recognizing team actions in the behavior of embodied agents has many practical applications and had seen significant progress in recent years. One approach with proven results is based on HMM-based recognition of spatio-temporal patterns in the behavior of the agents. While it had been shown to work on real-world datasets, this approach was found to be brittle.In this paper we present two contributions which together can significantly increase the robustness of teamwork activity recognition. First we introduce a technique to reduce high dimensional continuous input data to a set of discrete features, which capture the essential components of the team actions. Second, we prefix the actual team action recognition with a role recognition module, which allows us to present the recognizer with arbitrarily shuffled input, and still obtain high recognition rates.We validate the improved accuracy and robustness of the team action recognizer on datasets derived from captured real world data.
PLANNING UNDEVELOPED LAKESHORE1

: Private lakeshore development usually precedes establishment of public lake access. As a result, the best access areas are often occupied before public access is provided. The public then has a problem to provide access for nonriparian citizens. This problem can be anticipated and prevented by classifying undeveloped lakeshore areas according to suitability for both private and public uses, and incorporating appropriate recommendations into the municipal, comprehensive land use plan. To accomplish this, a site evaluation system has been developed which numerically rates the lakeshore for each of four public uses: public beaches, picnic areas, boat access areas, and public marinas; and two private uses: private marinas and vacation homes. Ratings are developed for: slope, soil suitability, shoreland type, water quality, site location, scenery, and road access. These ratings are combined with a statement of public goals developed from attitude surveys to produce a lakeshore land use plan. The plan recommends that lakeshore areas best suited for private development are so used, and areas best suited for public use are reserved for that purpose. This site evaluation system is demonstrated by a case study on Lake Champlain in Ferrisburg, Vermont.
Computer vision for detecting and quantifying gamma-ray sources in coded-aperture images

We report the development of an automatic image analysis system that detects gamma-ray source regions in images obtained from a coded aperture, gamma-ray imager. The number of gamma sources in the image is plot known prior to analysis. The system counts the number (K) of gamma sources detected in the image and estimates the lower bound for the probability that the number of sources in the image is K. The system consists of a two-stage pattern classification scheme in which the probabilistic neural network is used in the supervised learning mode. The algorithms were developed and tested using real gamma-ray images from controlled experiments in which the number and location of depleted uranium source disks in the scene are known. >
Laterally propagating slow slip events in a rate and state friction model with a velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening transition

We investigate the behavior of simulated slow slip events using a rate and state friction model that is steady state velocity weakening at low slip speeds but velocity strengthening at high slip speeds. Our simulations are on a one-dimensional (line) fault, but we modify the elastic interactions to mimic the elongate geometry frequently observed in slow slip events. Simulations exhibit a number of small events as well as periodic large events. The large events propagate approximately steadily “along strike,” and stress and slip rate decay gradually behind the propagating front. Their recurrence intervals can be determined by considering what is essentially an energy balance requirement for long-distance propagation. It is possible to choose the model parameters such that the simulated events have the stress drops, slip velocities, and propagation rates observed in Cascadia.
Maize Antibody Procedures: Immunolocalization and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

Antibodies are powerful tools for studying protein localization and function. Here we describe methods for two of the more challenging applications: immunolocalization and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Immunolocalization can be carried out on nearly any maize tissue, but we focus here on localizing proteins to male meiocytes, which are large cells with relatively porous cell walls that make them ideal for this purpose. ChIP is a biochemical technique for identifying DNA sequences that interact with chromatin proteins such as histones. We describe a thoroughly tested method for native ChIP (useful for histones) and one method for crosslinking ChIP, which can be used for proteins that bind to the surface of DNA.
Acetaminophen and Reye's Syndrome?

I was most interested to read the article "Acetaminophen Poisoning and Toxicity" by Rumack and Matthew.1 This article is well worth reading by any pediatrician who prescribes acetaminophen. I should like to call your attention particularly to the description of the clinical course of overdose reactions. I was struck with the similarity between this and the description of the findings in Reye9s syndrome. Is it possible that many of the children seen with Reye9s syndrome were actually reacting to this drug? I should think that this possibility would be well worth considering.
Laser-initiated chemical reactions: total absolute reaction rate constants for Cl+ HBr and Cl + HI

Absolute rate constants for the reaction Cl + HX → HCl(υ > 0) + X have been determined at 295°K for X = Br and 1 by laser photolysis of Cl2 in flowing Cl2/HX gas mixtures. The rate constants, (7.6 ± 1.8) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−2 sec−1 for X = Br and (9.6 ± 2.4) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 sec−1 for X = 1, are of the same order of magnitude as the re-measured deactivation rate constant for Cl + HCl(υ = 1), (7.6 ± 3.0) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 sec−1.
X-Ray Studies on Bi Single Crystals

An x-ray analysis of different types of Bi single crystals is described in order to decide whether or not the difference in density, electric conductivity and thermal e.m.f. observed between Bi crystals grown within ($M$), or outside ($N$) of a transverse magnetic field were caused by a change in lattice spacing or due to an alteration of the lattice parameter.Determination of the interplanar spacing along ($11\overline{1}$). The Bi crystals were grown by the method described by Goetz, and the cleaved planes (111) and ($11\overline{1}$) were used. By means of the precision method of Siegbahn the interplanar spacing along (111) was determined with Mo $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation as 3.9453\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0002A at 23\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. No difference larger than 0.003 percent of ${d}_{(111)}$ was found to exist between $N$ and $M$ crystals hence the former conjecture was proved that the changes caused within the crystal by its formation in a magnetic field affect only its mosaic structure and do not influence the lattice.Determination of the parameter. Two different methods have been used to measure the integrated reflected intensities for different orders. By means of a new photographic recording method the intensities of the first to the fifth order have been compared and no consistent change of the parameter could be found. In addition to the photographic records an ionization method of high sensitivity has been used involving a new type of x-ray spectrometer---designed by Hergenrother---in connection with a Hoffmann electrometer. The photographic results were verified and the integrated intensities could be measured up to the seventh order, thus permitting much greater accuracy in the determination of the parameter than has been previously reported. Making use of Pauling and Sherman's computation of the atomic structure factor and applying an experimentally determined value of the Debye factor, the parameter along (111) was found to be 0.359A\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0006A, which value lies well within the limits of Hassel and Mark and is slightly larger than James' observation.Conclusion. The non-existence of a change in lattice structure and in parameter for the $N$ and $M$ crystals shows that the electric volume effects which distinguish the two types of crystals can exist in spite of the unchanged conditions for the existence and distribution of the "free" electrons as given by the geometric configuration of the atoms in the lattice. Hence the cause of these effects can only be ascribed to changes of certain variations in the lattice, the period of which must be many times larger than the size of an elementary rhomboheder in order to be undetectable to x-ray analysis. This implies the assumption of very large "mean free paths" for the electrons in a crystal.
Rapid SmI2-mediated reductions of alkyl halides and electrochemical properties of SmI2/H2O/amine.

Mixtures of SmI2/H2O/amine have been found to reduce alkyl halides more efficiently than SmI2/HMPA/alcohol mixtures at room temperature. Alkyl and aryl iodides were quantitatively reduced in <1 min and alkyl bromides in 10 min, while alkyl and aryl chlorides required more than 5 h for completion. Determination of the reaction order of Et3N in the reduction of 1-chlorodecane showed that the reaction order is one. Water was shown not to participate in the rate-determining step of this reduction. There was a significant change of the UV−vis spectrum and color of SmI2 upon addition of either PMDTA or water, while no effect was observed with the addition of Et3N or TMEDA. Although the combination of SmI2, water, and amines produces a very efficient reducing system, cyclic voltammetric experiments showed that the redox potential is nearly identical with that of SmI2 alone. These results are consistent with precipitation providing the driving force for reduction. Taken together, the results of these experiments ...
Theory of viscous transonic flow over airfoils at high Reynolds number

This paper considers viscous flows with unseparated turbulent boundary layers over two-dimensional airfoils at transonic speeds. Conventional theoretical methods are based on boundary layer formulations which do not account for the effect of the curved wake and static pressure variations across the boundary layer in the trailing edge region. In this investigation an extended viscous theory is developed that accounts for both effects. The theory is based on a rational analysis of the strong turbulent interaction at airfoil trailing edges. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is employed to develop formal series solutions of the full Reynolds equations in the limit of Reynolds numbers tending to infinity. Procedures are developed for combining the local trailing edge solution with numerical methods for solving the full potential flow and boundary layer equations. Theoretical results indicate that conventional boundary layer methods account for only about 50% of the viscous effect on lift, the remaining contribution arising from wake curvature and normal pressure gradient effects.
Brief report: Identifying potential positive reinforcers in a residential treatment center for female adolescents who are conduct disordered

This study compares the ratings of potential reinforcers for two sample populations, residentially placed females who are conduct disordered (CD) and normal females. It was anticipated that the CD population would rank potential reinforcers lower than the normal population; however, the results contradict this hypothesis It was found that females who are CD consistently rated potential reinforcers higher than the normal female sample. Possible explanations for this finding are addressed and future research needs are discussed.
Sequence comparison and predicted structure for the four exon-encoded regions of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4.

AbstractThe IGFBPs bind to and modulate the function of the IGFs in various ways. Human IGFBP-4 inhibits IGF mediated cell proliferation. The IGFBP exon-encoded regions were aligned and secondary structure predictions for hIGFBP-4 were developed yielding predicted 3D co-ordinates for each such region of hIGFBP-4. The exon 1 encoded region is the most conserved among the IGFBPs. That of hIGFBP-4 is predicted as an array of β-strands that include the glycine and cysteine rich IGFBP concensus pattern and that terminate with a helix. The exon 2 encoded region is the most variable among the IGFBPs. That of hIGFBP-4 is predicted as mostly an amphipathic helix. The remaining regions are also conserved among the IGFBPs. Those of hIGFBP-4 are also predicted to contain helices. The predicted structure of hIGFBP-4 comprises amino terminal β-strands with four helices in the carboxy terminal two thirds of the molecule.