cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Surgical Means in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Objective To compare and analyze the therapeutic effect among the vacuum sealing drainage( VSD),Kangsuning's serial dressing and conventional gauze for patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Methods 60 patients with diabetic foot ulcer who underwent dressing change were included and randomly divided into 3 groups. The observation items included the reduction of wound area,number of dressing, acceptability of patients,wound healing time and outcome of treatment( healing rate). Results Significant difference in the reduction of wounded volume was observed between the 2 groups in the 4 weeks of observation,while the patients in the Kangsuning' group had less dressing changes,and fewer dressing adhesion report. The acceptability of dressing change was remarked as better for the Kangsuning' group by included patients. Among the surgical means,VSD stands out( P 0. 05),with statistical significance. Conclusion The VSD is able to reduce the time of wound healing significantly,increase the healing rate,and shorten the hospitalization period. It' s an effective method for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer.
Differences in Larval Allometry among Three Ambystomatid Salamanders

Abstract Ecological and evolutionary processes commonly result in morphological variation among larval amphibians. Variation in head shape plays a critical role in both food capture and predation risk in gape-limited salamanders, yet in situ studies of head shape variability are rare outside of cannibal morph assessments. We examined allometry differences in larval head width (HW) and snout–vent length (SVL) among three sympatric species of ambystomatid salamanders from 166 ponds in Missouri, USA: Ringed Salamander (Ambystoma annulatum), Marbled Salamander (A. opacum), and Spotted Salamander (A. maculatum). We also tested whether several abiotic and biotic factors would predict HW after accounting for SVL. We found that larval HW and SVL were strongly correlated for all species but that the strength of this relationship varied among species. For early-stage larvae, Marbled Salamanders showed isometric scaling relationships, whereas both Spotted Salamanders and Ringed Salamanders were allometric. For late-...
Artificial intelligence for optimal anemia management in end-stage renal disease

Computational intelligence for the prediction of hemoglobin to guide the selection of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dose results in improved anemia management. The models used for the prediction result from the use of individual patient data and help to increase the number of hemoglobin observations within the target range. The benefits of using these modeling techniques appear to be a decrease in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use and a decrease in the number of transfusions. This study confirms the results of previous smaller studies and suggests that additional beneficial results may be achieved.
Shopping and Leisure Activity Patterns within the Elderly Consumer Segment: The “Young-Old” and “Old-Old”

Consumer research generally confirms that the elderly are less active consumers and shoppers than young adults. But the single-category treatment of older consumers does not provide insight into just when their life-space contraction begins, how rapidly it develops, and how extensive and varied are its effects on consumer lifestyles. The consensus of gerontological research seems to be that approximately 75 years of age marks the transition point into advanced age. Unfortunately, there has been very little investigation of the effects of aging on actual consumer behavior. Particularly lacking is detailed information on shopping and other consumption-oriented leisure activities and how these patterns and their accompanying lifestyle and socioeconomic status change with chronological aging. Compounding the problem, as Bernhardt and Kinnear (1975) point out, most of the existing studies of elderly consumer behavior use quite small samples and unrepresentative "captive audiences" of a single elderly residence or attendants of a single senior center.
People with Developmental Disabilities in the United States of America

The United States history of disabilities is one of remarkable change over the past two centuries. The story of societal perceptions, rights and services is briefly summarized from a socio-political perspective for disabilities generally and for intellectual and developmental disabilities specifically. This interpretation rests upon unique US cultural values and an American context that provided the foundation for the evolution of service models and changing trends. Historical information that describes the disability movement in the US is briefly outlined with special reference to three waves of change in the evolution of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities related to who holds decision-making power. Selected governmental landmark events affecting people with disabilities are reviewed and socio-political changes in perspective are illustrated using the example of reproductive rights of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Ultrasound-Guided Access into the Abdomen in the Setting of Portal Hypertension: A Novel Technique.

Abstract As the field of minimally invasive surgery rapidly evolves, there is an opportunity to adopt innovative techniques to accommodate a variety of patient populations. In patients with portal hypertension, a major risk factor upon entry into the abdomen is injury to large, engorged paraumbilical vessels in the anterior abdominal wall. Major blood loss often results from just entering the abdomen. Here, we describe a patient with caput medusae secondary to portal hypertension presenting for laparoscopic repair of a ventral hernia. Using ultrasound guidance, initial port placement into the abdomen was performed safely using needle access, Seldinger technique, and serial dilation for VersaStep™ 5 mm port (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) insertion. Overall, this innovative technique is a safe and effective method of entry into the abdomen in a patient with portal hypertension.
Communication modeling for system-level design

Multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) are emerging as a popular SoC design platform. However, major challenges arise from nonscaling global wire delay and from the reuse of intellectual properties (IPs) from different vendors to meet tight time-to-market constraints. Designing the appropriate communication fabrics for such heterogeneous systems becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we present accurate delay, power, and area models for bus-based and packet-switched communication architectures. We also integrate our models into the COSI-OCC system-level communication synthesis tool and show that the more accurate modeling significantly affects optimal/achievable architectures that are synthesized by the system-level tool. Finally, this paper reviews our relevant contributions in.
Tackling vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D deficiency is very common in the United States and often goes unrecognized by primary care physicians. This oversight is unfortunate, because vitamin D plays an important role in bone development and muscle function. It also facilitates absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut and kidney, suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH), and acts on osteoblasts to stimulate bone formation.
Surgical Outcomes of Ahmed or Baerveldt Tube Shunt Implantation for medically Uncontrolled Traumatic Glaucoma.

AIM To describe postoperative surgical success of either Ahmed or Baerveldt tube shunt implantation for eyes with medically uncontrolled traumatic glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review was carried out to identify patients with traumatic glaucoma that required tube shunt implantation between 2009 and 2015 at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Seventeen eyes from 17 patients met inclusion criteria, including at least 3-month postoperative follow-up. The main outcome measure was surgical success at 1-year follow-up after tube implantation. RESULTS Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.1 ± 8.2 mm Hg on 3.1 ± 1.6 ocular hypotensive medications. Nine eyes (53%) sustained closed globe injury. Ten eyes (59%) received an Ahmed valve shunt and seven eyes (41%) received a Baerveldt tube shunt. Surgical success rate at 1 year postoperatively was 83%. Compared to preoperative, the mean postoperative IOP was significantly lower (16.1 ± 3.5 mm Hg, p < 0.001) on significantly fewer ocular hypertensive medications (1.3 ± 1.6, p = 0.001) at a mean follow-up of 10 months. Mean IOP reduction at last follow-up was 49%. There were three cases of surgical failures: One case of hypotony, one case of tube extrusion with subsequent explan-tation, and one case requiring second tube insertion for IOP control. CONCLUSION Implantation of an Ahmed or Baerveldt tube shunt provided successful control of IOP in patients with medically uncontrollable traumatic glaucoma. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Yadgarov A, Liu D, Crane ES, Khouri AS. Surgical Outcomes of Ahmed or Baerveldt Tube Shunt Implantation for medically Uncontrolled Traumatic Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(1):16-21.
Molecular Regulation of Adult Hematopoiesis By GATA-2

GATA-2 is a zinc finger-containing transcriptional regulator that plays important roles in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Mutations in human GATA2 are associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as immunodeficiency disorders that present with a profound loss of monocytes, dendritic cells and other myeloid lineage populations. Recent work reveals crucial roles for GATA-2 in definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell activity, vascular integrity and lymphatic development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which GATA-2 controls adult hematopoiesis via hematopoietic-cell autonomous functions are largely unknown. To address this question, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible Gata2 -deficient mouse strain by breeding Gata2 flox/flox mice with Cre-ER transgenic animals. Following tamoxifen treatment, Cre-ER Gata2 flox/flox mice show a rapid and profound loss of circulating neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, concomitant with development of anemia. These results are consistent with the requirement for GATA-2 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and may also reflect GATA-2 function in endothelial cells within the vascular niche. To explore hematopoietic-specific GATA-2 activity, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice with hematopoietic-restricted Gata2 -deficiency by transplanting Cre-ER Gata2 flox/flox hematopoietic cells into wild type recipients. Cre-ER Gata2 flox/flox bone marrow chimeras show rapid development of cytopenias upon tamoxifen exposure, suggesting a cell autonomous role for GATA-2 in maintaining adult hematopoiesis. Strikingly, hematopoietic progenitor cells rapidly lose c-Kit expression upon inducible Gata2 deletion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays suggest GATA-2 cooperates with C/EBPa in regulating kit transcription. Our study suggests conditional deletion of Gata2 restricted to the hematopoietic compartment provides a model for bone marrow failure associated with MDS and mutant GATA2 human immunodeficiencies that may enable further insight into the molecular network by which GATA-2 mediates definitive hematopoiesis. Supported by grants from NIH (AI098099) and the MD Anderson Center for Cancer Epigenetics.(SSW) and the MD Anderson Center for Cancer and Inflammation (HSL). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chapter 4 The 1970s: New Opportunities

In 1973 a laboratory-wide reduction in Sandia staff was implemented that caused major reverberations in shock wave research. As Barry Butcher stated in his recollections:
The limitations of the backfire effect

Nyhan and Reifler (2010, 2015) document a “backfire effect,” wherein attempts to correct factual misperceptions increase the prevalence of false beliefs. These results are widely cited both in and ...
Passive and active sensing — Plasmonic grating geometries and wavelength-dependent focus depth in IR detectors

The objective for this research is to determine a relationship between plasmonic grating geometries and the wavelength-dependent focus depth. This research is focused on enhancing the signal collected by infrared detectors by using a metal grating as a planar lens to focus light in the detecting region of the substrate. This can be used to maintain a thinner absorbing region and possibly to create multi-color imaging in a single pixel.
Optogenetically enhanced axon regeneration: motor versus sensory neuron-specific stimulation.

Brief neuronal activation in injured peripheral nerves is both necessary and sufficient to enhance motor axon regeneration, and this effect is specific to the activated motoneurons. It is less clear whether sensory neurons respond in a similar manner to neuronal activation following peripheral axotomy. Further, it is unknown to what extent enhancement of axon regeneration with increased neuronal activity relies on a reflexive interaction within the spinal circuitry. We used mouse genetics and optical tools to evaluate the precision and selectivity of system-specific neuronal activation to enhance axon regeneration in a mixed nerve. We evaluated sensory and motor axon regeneration in two different mouse models expressing the light-sensitive cation channel, channelrhodopsin (ChR2). We selectively activated either sensory or motor axons using light stimulation combined with transection and repair of the sciatic nerve. Regardless of genotype, the number of ChR2-positive neurons whose axons had regenerated successfully was greater following system-specific optical treatment, with no effect on the number of ChR2-negative neurons (whether motor or sensory neurons). We conclude that acute system-specific neuronal activation is sufficient to enhance both motor and sensory axon regeneration. This regeneration-enhancing effect is likely cell autonomous.
The association of long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution with brain MRI findings: The ARIC study

Background: Increasing evidence links higher particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposure to late-life cognitive impairment. However, few studies have considered associations between direct estim...
Conjugal Misconduct: Defying Marriage Law in the Twentieth-Century United States

Conjugal Misconduct reveals the hidden history of controversial and legally contested marital arrangements in twentieth-century America. William Kuby examines the experiences of couples in unconventional unions and the legal and cultural backlash generated by a wide array of 'alternative' marriages. These include marriages established through personal advertisements and matchmaking bureaus, marriages that defied state eugenic regulations, hasty marriages between divorced persons, provisional and temporary unions referred to as 'trial marriages', racial intermarriages, and a host of other unions that challenged sexual and marital norms. In illuminating the tensions between those who set marriage policies and those who defied them, Kuby offers a fresh account of marriage's contested history, arguing that although marital nonconformists composed only a small minority of the population, their atypical arrangements nonetheless shifted popular understandings of marriage and consistently refashioned the legal parameters of the institution.
Food processing industry energy and water consumption in the Pacific northwest

Abstract The food processing industry is one of the largest consumers of energy and water in the manufacturing sector. It is vital that conservation measures are taken to reduce the use of electricity, fuel, and water for producers to have long-term, sustainable growth. The Pacific Northwest (PNW) region includes some the largest food processers in the United States, particularly with products such as fruit and vegetable preserves, apples products, potato products, and milk. Energy and water consumption in PNW food processing facilities are quantified as well as techniques to increase efficiency and reduce waste. Mechanical drive systems and refrigeration consumes the most electricity in the industry and the implementation of energy management plans has the largest potential to save electricity in PNW facilities. Heating and cooling process needs are the largest consumers of energy in the food processing industry. Implementing cogeneration/trigeneration technology, replacing of older equipment, capturing waste heat, and reusing wastewater can have significant impacts on both energy and water consumption. Novel, emerging technologies such as membrane separation, high-pressure processing, microwave assist, ultrasound, pulsed high electric fields, ozone, and hydrogen/electricity generation have significant potential to benefit the food processing industry by increasing efficiency and allowing companies to stay competitive in an industry where sustainable practices are becoming increasingly important to the public.
Outcomes of Bethesda categories III and IV thyroid nodules over 5 years and performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier: A single-institution study.

Objective The second edition Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology estimates 6%-18% malignancy rate of category III (B3) and 10%-40% for category IV (B4) nodules; however, reported malignancy rates have considerable variability among institutions. Use of molecular classifiers (including Afirma Gene Expression Classifier, GEC) can be utilized in management of thyroid nodules. Our objective was to analyse malignancy rates of B3 and B4 nodules and determine clinical outcomes of GEC Benign nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis of 2019 thyroid FNAs was performed at the University of Colorado from 2011 to 2015, including molecular, surgical and clinical follow-up. Results Of 2019 FNAs analysed, 231 (11.4%) were diagnosed as B3 and 80 (4.0%) as B4. GEC was obtained in 54.1% of B3 cases, with nearly half (48.8%) having a Benign result. Surgery was performed in 40.7% B3 cases with a 24.5% malignancy rate, ranging 8%-38% by year. In the B4 group, 52.5% underwent molecular testing with 28.6% as GEC Benign. About 68.8% of B4 cases underwent surgery with a 20% malignancy rate, ranging 0%-42% by year. Seventy-three GEC Benign cases were reviewed: 5 (6.8%) underwent surgery, with none demonstrating malignancy in the target nodule. Size remained stable for most GEC Benign nodules: 75.9% (B3) and 71.4% (B4) with no malignancy on repeat FNA. Conclusions Our 5-year review demonstrated that malignancy rates of B3 and B4 nodules showed year-to-year variability. We suggest that clinicians use a multi-year average of their institution's malignancy rates to optimally manage patients. Follow-up for GEC Benign cases thus far supports their indolent nature.
Peer Sociometric Assessment

Publisher Summary Sociometry is the measurement of the social standing of individuals within a group. It is used to study intergroup relationships, mostly involving children in school settings. In those settings, social relations among intact social cohorts of children are assessed through the use of nomination or rating scale sociometric procedures. This chapter discusses three aspects of peer sociometric assessment—procedures, psychometrics, and prospects. Peer sociometric assessments have been described as one of the most valid and useful sources of data regarding children's social adjustment as they are perceived by their peers. This is a significant endorsement of their worth as an approach to understanding peer social status in children. While sociometric assessment techniques are usually not norm referenced or commercially published, they do have a long history of use and provide a rich source of data that have commendable degrees of reliability and validity for the purposes for which they are used—determining peer social status for screening, classification, and social-enhancement intervention. Sociometric assessment translates quite readily to the school environment where they are commonly used; however, these techniques cannot be applied to the classroom setting without administrative and parental/guardian consent, which can be difficult to gain.
WEHI-231 AS A TUMOR MODEL FOR TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN IMMATURE B LYMPHOCYTES

ABSTRACT WEHI-231 is a murine B lymphoma cell line with a surface marker phenotype similar to that of immature B lymphocytes. Its growth is inhibited by exposure to anti-IgM antibodies. This process is complete and irreversible and is not exhibited by B lymphoma cell lines which express more “mature” phenotypes. Lipopolysaccharide protects WEHI-231 against anti-IgM-induced growth inhibition. This state of protection, although transient may represent a differentiation of WEHI-231 cells to a more mature state. This growth inhibition by anti-μ and protection against it by LPS may provide a tumor model to examine tolerance induction and differentiation of immature B cells.
Improving the throughput of automated holographic optical tweezers.

The purpose of this work is to introduce three improvements to automated holographic-optical-tweezers systems that increase the number and speed of particles that can be manipulated simultaneously. First, we address path planning by solving a bottleneck assignment problem, which can reduce total move time by up to 30% when compared with traditional assignment problem solutions. Next, we demonstrate a new strategy to identify and remove undesired (e.g., misshapen or agglomerated) particles. Finally, we employ a controller that combines both closed- and open-loop automation steps, which can increase the overall loop rate and average particle speeds while also utilizing necessary process monitoring checks to ensure that particles reach their destinations. Using these improvements, we show fast reconfiguration of 100 microspheres simultaneously with a closed-loop control rate of 6, and 10 Hz by employing both closed- and open-loop steps. We also demonstrate the closed-loop assembly of a large pattern in a continuously flowing microchannel-based particle-delivery system. The proposed approach provides a promising path toward automatic and scalable assembly of microgranular structures.
GUI Programming with Graphical Drawing: A Project PaintXmasCard

Video games need to show their output graphically in using a graphical user interface (GUI), which requires GUI programming. In general, GUI programming is based on two techniques. One is the graphical drawing; the other is the software components with event handling. This chapter concentrates on the former technique. It discusses a project PaintXmasCard with five different versions for illustrating the text drawing, image drawing, and fundamental geographical shape drawing. The latter technique is deferred to later chapters.
La política de la historia y la ley de memoria en Rusia

The article by Nikolay Koposov specifically analyzes a draft law on memory, which was discussed by the Russian Parliament in 2009. The project dates back to the Russian-Estonian conflict of 2007 on the occasion of the transfer of the bronze monument “to the unknown Soviet soldier” from the center of Tallinn to a military cemetery: one of the many memory conflicts opened in the course of recent years between Russia and some of its neighbors (Ukraine, Poland, Baltic countries). Russia has been particularly sensitive to any criticism concerning the role of the Soviet Union in World War II. After the end of the USSR, the memory of the war has become the main foundation of the Russian national identity, which in turn serves to eclipse another memory: the Stalinist terror, with which neither successive post-Soviet governments nor the majority of the population have wanted, until now, to take charge. Another of its functions consists in the interest of convincing the Russian people of the positive role of the State in national history, the central ideological core of the current Russian power. If at the beginning of the nineties the neo-Stalinist conception of history seemed completely overcome, then it has gained strength and has even witnessed a certain rehabilitation of the late dictator as both the victor of the world war and the modernizer of Russian society. The myth of the innocent and heroic people and the glorification of the State appear at the center of collective representations. In this context of revival of a Russian nationalism is where this project on memory has been placed, of which Koposov describes its itineraries and conclusions.
Low temperature (−196°c) storage of true seed from the tuber-bearingSolanum species

Seeds from several of the tuber-bearingSolanum species were exposed to low temperatures using liquid nitrogen. No differences in final percent germination or in the rate of germination were observed between the control and treated seeds for any species tested. High viability after liquid nitrogen treatment suggests that long-term storage ofSolanum seed should be practical and warrants further investigation, especially for the long-term storage of valuable germplasm.
A Healthcare Improvement Initiative to Increase Multidisciplinary Pain Management Referrals for Youth with Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract Background Chronic pain is a complex integration of biological, psychological, and social variables. Multidisciplinary pain management experts design interventions that treat the multidimensional experience. Children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for chronic pain. Increased risk is associated with multiple characteristics including sickle cell genotype, age, gender, frequency of hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and certain comorbid diagnoses. Referral to pain management professionals for this population is often delayed. Aims To increase multidisciplinary pain management referrals for youth with SCD identified to be at risk for chronic pain. Design Implementation research. Setting One pediatric, academic medical facility serving as a regional sickle cell treatment center in the Midwest. Participants Children greater than 2 years of age and less than 21 years of age with laboratory confirmed SCD. Methods Implementation of an evidence-based screening tool using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to guide project planning, design, and evaluation. The CFIR model was paired with the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement methodology to operationalize workflow and sustain project aims. Results and Conclusions Eighty-four percent of all eligible patients were screened during their routine sickle cell appointments resulting in a 110% increase in multidisciplinary pain management referrals. Future interventions and PDSA cycles are targeted at improving attendance at scheduled appointments, reducing hospitalizations, decreasing 30-day readmissions, and shortening length of stay.
Women, Wellbeing, and the Ethics of Domesticity: An Introduction

This chapter previews the themes of the book, in particular the access to and experience of subjective wellbeing, among a group of Odia Hindu women living in the temple town of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, eastern India. It points out that, as an ethnography and as a multicultural feminist text, the book examines the concrete contexts of these women’s lives. It contrasts “imperial” liberal feminism with its emphasis on freedom of choice to multicultural feminism with its focus on indigenous opportunities for women’s self-empowerment. The chapter also emphasizes the value that temple town residents place on domesticity, an emphasis that is especially instructive, given the recent demographic shift being played out in the United States. In this shift, often termed the opt-out phenomenon or the opt-out revolution, highly educated professional women are reevaluating motherhood and domesticity and choosing to leave the workplace for the home—indicating, perhaps, that there may be more enduring associations between domesticity and women that many of us are willing to acknowledge.
Thiolated bone and tendon tissue particles covalently bound in hydrogels for in vivo calvarial bone regeneration.

Abstract Bone regeneration of large cranial defects, potentially including traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment, presents a major problem with non-crosslinking, clinically available products due to material migration outside the defect. Commercial products such as bone cements are permanent and thus not conducive to bone regeneration, and typical commercial bioactive materials for bone regeneration do not crosslink. Our previous work demonstrated that non-crosslinking materials may be prone to material migration following surgical placement, and the current study attempted to address these problems by introducing a new hydrogel system where tissue particles are themselves the crosslinker. Specifically, a pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid (PHA) polymer was covalently linked to thiolated tissue particles of demineralized bone matrix (TDBM) or devitalized tendon (TDVT), thereby forming an interconnected hydrogel matrix for calvarial bone regeneration. All hydrogel precursor solutions exhibited sufficient yield stress for surgical placement and an adequate compressive modulus post-crosslinking. Critical-size calvarial defects were filled with a 4% PHA hydrogel containing 10 or 20% TDBM or TDVT, with the clinical product DBXⓇ being employed as the standard of care control for the in vivo study. At 12 weeks, micro-computed tomography analysis demonstrated similar bone regeneration among the experimental groups, TDBM and TDVT, and the standard of care control DBXⓇ. The group with 10% TDBM was therefore identified as an attractive material for potential calvarial defect repair, as it additionally exhibited a sufficient initial recovery after shearing (i.e., > 80% recovery). Future studies will focus on applying a hydrogel in a rat model for treatment of TBI. Statement of Significance Non-crosslinking materials may be prone to material migration from a calvarial bone defect following surgical placement, which is problematic for materials intended for bone regeneration. Unfortunately, typical crosslinking materials such as bone cements are permanent and thus not conducive to bone regeneration, and typical bioactive materials for bone regeneration such as tissue matrix are not crosslinked in commercial products. The current study addressed these problems by introducing a new biomaterial where tissue particles are themselves the crosslinker in a hydrogel system. The current study successfully demonstrated a new material based on pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid with thiolated demineralized bone matrix that is capable of rapid crosslinking, with desirable paste-like rheology of the precursor material for surgical placement, and with bone regeneration comparable to a commercially available standard-of-care product. Such a material may hold promise for a single-surgery treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) following hemicraniectomy.
Toxicity to Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth and Foliar Concentration of Individual Monoterpenes in Douglas-Fir Following Fertilization in Thinned Stands

Tree susceptibility and suitability for herbivorous insects depends upon a wide array of chemical compounds including potential toxins such as monoterpenes. Silvicultural techniques such as thinning and fertilization may change the concentration of these compounds within tree tissue foliage. The relative toxicities to Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae of five monoterpenes commonly present in host foliage were determined in laboratory assays. Of the five monoterpenes tested, limonene and γ-terpinene were significantly more toxic to the larvae then β-pinene, 3-carene or α-pinene. We also examined the effect of three fertilization treatments applied to previously thinned stands on the concentration of foliar monoterpenes one year following stand thinning. No significant differences were detected among treatments in the concentration of individual or total monoterpenes present in foliage. The effect of stand thinning may have overwhelmed any short-term fertilization impacts.
Inherent Haptic Feedback From Supernumerary Robotic Limbs

Supernumerary Robotics Limbs, or SuperLimbs for short, are wearable extra limbs for augmenting the wearer. SuperLimbs are attached directly to a human and, thereby, transmit a force from the environment to the human body. This inherent haptic feedback allows the human to perceive the interaction between the robot and the environment, monitor its actions, and effectively control the robot. This article addresses basic properties and the usefulness of the inherent haptic feedback from SuperLimbs in two exemplary cases. First, we show that the inherent haptic feedback allows the wearer to close the loop and manually regulate the force output of the SuperLimb. Second, we show that the inherent haptic feedback is sufficient for the wearer to supervise the autonomous actions of the SuperLimb. This ability is a critical requirement for safely and effectively performing multiple tasks simultaneously with the natural limbs and SuperLimbs. Together, these findings suggest the importance of designing SuperLimbs to take advantage of the inherent haptic feedback.
Accelerated retreat of coastal glaciers in the Western Prince William Sound, Alaska

Analyzing historical maps and Landsat imagery indicates that coastal glaciers in the western Prince William Sound (PWS) have retreated since the end of the Little Ice Age, exhibiting accelerated re...
Recovering Looted Artifacts and the Art of Deciding What to Curate: The Cerberus Collection:

The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is steward to vast cultural resources across public lands and in museum collections. Like other land-managing agencies, its resource protection strategy inc...
Primary mechanism of stroke reduction in transcarotid artery revascularization is dynamic flow reversal.

Abstract Objective Recent studies have suggested that the low risk of stroke and death associated with transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is partially attributable to a robust dynamic flow reversal system and the avoidance of the atherosclerotic aortic arch during stenting. However, the benefits of flow reversal compared with distal embolic protection (DEP) in reducing stroke or death in TCAR have not been studied. Methods All patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) via the transcarotid route with either dynamic flow reversal (TCAR) or DEP (TCAS-DEP) in the Vascular Quality Initiative from September 2016 to November 2019 were analyzed. Both multivariable logistic regression and nearest neighbor propensity score-matched analysis were performed to explore the differences in outcomes between the two procedures. The primary outcome was in-hospital stroke or death. The secondary outcomes were stroke, death, myocardial infarction (MI), and the composite of stroke, death, and MI. A secondary analysis was performed to compare transcarotid stenting with DEP vs transfemoral CAS with DEP to evaluate the effects of crossing the aortic arch. Results A total of 8426 patients were identified (TCAS-DEP, n = 287; 3.4%). TCAR was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital stroke or death (1.6% vs 5.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.64; P = .001), stroke (1.4% vs 4.2%; OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20-0.68; P = .002), and stroke/death/MI (2.0% vs 5.2%; OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23-0.71; P = .001) compared with TCAS-DEP. Among the 274 pairs of patients identified with propensity score matching, TCAR was associated with a lower risk of stroke/death (1.1% vs 4.7%; risk ratio [RR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.81; P = .021) and stroke (0.4% vs 4.0%; RR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.70; P = .006) compared with TCAS-DEP but no differences in stroke/death/MI (1.8% vs 4.7%; RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15-1.02; P = .077). The secondary analysis found no differences in stroke between TCAS-DEP and transfemoral CAS with DEP (4.9% vs 3.7%; RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.36-1.63; P = .65). Conclusions Compared with TCAS-DEP, TCAR was associated with a lower risk of perioperative stroke or death and stroke. This finding implies that dynamic flow reversal might provide better neuroprotection than does a distal embolic filter in reducing the perioperative risk of stroke. Avoiding the aortic arch did not confer any reduction in the stroke rate. The present findings serve to separate the clinical benefit of dynamic flow reversal from that of avoiding the aortic arch during TCAR.
Do Early Weight-Bearing and Range of Motion Affect Outcomes in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES This systematic review was performed to answer the following questions: (1) Does early weight-bearing (WB) after ankle fracture (AF) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) affect outcomes? (2) Does early WB after AF ORIF cause an increase in complications? (3) Does early ankle motion after AF ORIF affect outcomes? and (4) Does early ankle motion after AF ORIF cause an increase in complications? DATA SOURCES Articles from 1970 to 2020 were found using the PubMed database. STUDY SELECTION Level I studies of adult patients with operatively treated ankle fractures were selected. A total of 1130 cases across 20 studies fit the participant criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were reviewed for data pertaining to the current study questions. DATA SYNTHESIS The meta-analysis used logistic regression and standardized mean difference. RESULTS Based on the current literature, early WB in operative ankle fractures with stable fixation showed no difference in outcomes when compared with delayed WB protocols. Early WB after ORIF did not significantly increase complications. Early ankle motion after AF ORIF did not have significant standardized mean differences between range of motion and immobilization outcomes. Early range of motion before wound healing may lead to an increase in complications [pooled odds ratio: 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64-5.90] but did not show an increase in infection. CONCLUSIONS The authors recommend that early WB at 2 weeks postoperatively can be safely considered for ankle fractures when stable fixation has been obtained. Early ankle motion before wound healing is not recommended due to increased wound complications, without improvement in long-term results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
OpenMRS as an emergency EMR-How we used a global good to create an emergency EMR in a week.

Abstract Background As the coronavirus pandemic progressed through the United States, Indianapolis Emergency Medical Services (IEMS) identified a gap between the health system capacity and the projected need to support an overwhelmed health care system. In addressing emergencies or special cases, each medical institution in a metropolitan area typically has a siloed process for capturing emergency patient records. These approaches vary in technical capabilities and may include use of an electronic medical record system (EMR) or a hybrid paper/EMR process. Given the projected volume of patients for the COVID-19 pandemic and the proposed multi-institutional team approach needed in case of significant provider illness, IEMS sought a simple, efficient, consolidated EMR solution to support planning for the potential capacity gap. IEMS approached Regenstrief Institute (RI), an established partner with experience in supporting OpenMRS, a global good EMR platform that had been deployed in multiple settings globally. Objective The purpose of this project was to determine if OpenMRS, a global good, could be used to quickly stand up a system that would meet the needs for health emergency data collection and reporting. Design and implementation methods The team used an “all hands on deck” approach, bringing together technical and subject matter experts, and a human-centered and iterative process to ensure the system met the key needs of IEMS. The OpenMRS Reference Application was adapted to the specific need and deployed as Docker containers to servers within the Indiana Health Information Exchange. Project outcomes and lessons learned In less than two weeks, the Regenstrief team was able to install, configure and set up a working version of OpenMRS to support the desired electronic record requirements for the IEMS disaster field clinics. Using a human-centered approach, the RI team developed, tested, and released a user-friendly, installation-ready solution complete with an end user manual and a base support plan. IEMS and RI are sharing this approach to demonstrate how a global good can quickly generate a solution for COVID-19 and other disaster responses. Conclusions Open source global goods can rapidly be adapted to meet local needs in an emergency. OpenMRS can be adapted to meet the needs of basic emergency medical services registration, triage, and basic data collection.
Abstract 366: Risk of Adverse Events With Left Ventricular Assist Devicein Cardiogenic Shock Patients

Study: The aim of this single-center, a retrospective study was to evaluate early and long-term adverse events in advanced heart failure patients with cardiogenic shock who underwent ventricular as...
Understory environment promotes photosynthetic efficiency and mitigates severity and function of an introduced, vectored pathosystem: a study of a feral citrus population in central Florida

Overstory shade enhances photochemical performance of feral citrus trees and reduces transmission of an invasive vectored pathogen. Feral citrus trees growing under forest overstory appeared healthy and showed no symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening disease), despite high infection rates and obvious symptoms in open plantings. We undertook a survey in a natural ecosystem area with abundant understory feral citrus (Citrus × paradisi Macfad.) trees to understand how natural understory conditions affect distribution of the HLB causal bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, and its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). Citrus also undergoes high irradiance-induced photoinhibition which is exacerbated by HLB. We hypothesized that the understory environment would minimize photodamage and improve photochemical functions. We examined sixty citrus trees, across a high-low overstory density (gap fraction, GF) gradient, for photochemical performances and other key leaf traits associated with disease symptoms or shade acclimation. We did not detect any psyllids in the understory during early summer when peak outbreak of the vector population was expected, and only a few trees were infected with Ca. L. asiaticus. Leaf pigment stoichiometry and photosystem-II functions showed strong acclimation to overstory GF. Photochemical performance improved with decreasing overstory GF due to increased electron transport efficiencies from donor to acceptor sites. No difference in measured leaf biochemical traits and photosystem-II performances was observed between infected and uninfected understory trees, though the number of infected trees was small. We conclude that the naturally shaded understory environment greatly inhibits the HLB pathosystem by deterring the arrival of the vector and significantly improves the photosystem-II performance of citrus, making the shaded environment advantageous for the feral citrus population.
Microbiology and Treatment Outcomes of Community-Acquired Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Infants ≤12 Months of Age

We investigated the microbiology, management, and orthopedic outcomes of osteoarticular infections in infants age ≤1 year at our institution. Among 87 patients, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (44.8%), followed by group B Streptococcus. Twenty-nine patients (33%), with a median age of 9.2 months, were transitioned to oral antibiotic therapy after ≤14 days of parenteral therapy; orthopedic outcomes were similar to those with prolonged parenteral therapy.
Motivated Reasoning and Yard-Sign-Stealing Partisans: Mine is a Likable Rogue, Yours is a Degenerate Criminal

We fielded an experiment in the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study testing the theory that motivated reasoning governs reactions to news about misdeeds on the campaign trail. Treated subjects either encountered a fabricated news story involving phone calls with deceptive information about polling times or one involving disappearing yard signs (the offending party was varied at random). Control subjects received no treatment. We then inquired about how the treated subjects felt about dirty tricks in political campaigns and about all subjects’ trust in government. We find that partisans process information about dirty campaign tricks in a motivated way, expressing exceptional concern when the perpetrators are political opponents. However, there is almost no evidence that partisans’ evaluations of dirty political tricks in turn color other political attitudes, such as political trust.
High Temperature Series, Universality And Scaling Corrections+

The evidence for universality of critical behavior is reviewed from a series expansion viewpoint. The necessity of incorporating non-analytic corrections to dominant scaling-theory singularities is pointed out, and the outlook for the verification of hyperscaling is discussed.
Evidence of intraguild predation on a key member of the cotton predator complex

Abstract It is well known that most arthropod predators are generalist feeders and consume a wide range of prey species. As such, intraguild predation (IGP) is prevalent in virtually every agroecosystem. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to examine the gut contents of predators that inhabit Arizona cotton for the presence of the DNA of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, a common lower-tiered member of the predator community. A total of 1440 predators were captured using both a sweep net and whole plant sampling method. The gut content analyses revealed that over 10% of the predator population contained C. carnea DNA in their gut. Of these, IGP on C. carnea was detected almost twice as frequently in predaceous insects as spiders. The assassin bugs frequently encountered in cotton, Zelus renardii and Sinea confusa and orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae) were frequently identified as apex predators of C. carnea. These data provide a better understanding of predator–predator interactions in cotton and highlight areas for future research. That is, more thorough studies are needed to quantify prey selection of apex predators. Apex predators that frequently engage in IGP could be potentially antagonistic to the biological services rendered by the entire predator community.
Sorption in Flow Through Porous Media

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sorption in flow through porous media. The three kinetic mechanisms are presented, these are: (1) chemical reaction kinetics; (2) liquid phase diffusion; and (3) solid phase diffusion. It is generally conceded that chemical reaction kinetics is not rate limiting. Either or both of the other two mechanisms may be rate limiting, however, depending on chemical and flow conditions; it is very difficult to discern the conditions controlling the respective kinetic mechanisms. Obtaining a practical rate law for either category of diffusion is also difficult. Fick's first law describes either solid or liquid phase diffusion, but is difficult to apply in its differential form. The approximations to Fick's first law (flux density = diffusion coefficient x grad. concentration) for both liquid and solid phase diffusion which, when combined with the mass action equilibrium equations, results in expressions for each mechanism having a form identical to the equation for second-order reaction kinetics for the sorption reaction. It is applied to the methods of Hiester and Vermeullen to predict breakthrough curves for fluidized beds; their experimental results agree well with predicted breakthrough curves.