cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pro-resolving lipid mediators in vascular disease

Unresolved inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of commonly occurring vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and deep vein thrombosis - conditions that are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Surgical or catheter-based procedures performed on affected blood vessels induce acute-on-chronic inflammatory responses. The resolution of vascular inflammation is an important driver of vessel wall remodeling and functional recovery in these clinical settings. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids orchestrate key cellular processes driving resolution and a return to homeostasis. The identification of their potent effects in classic animal models of sterile inflammation triggered interest in their vascular properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPMs are locally synthesized in vascular tissues, have direct effects on vascular cells and their interactions with leukocytes, and play a protective role in the injury response. Early translational work has established the potential for SPMs as vascular therapeutics, and as candidate biomarkers in vascular disease. Further investigations are needed to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution in the vasculature, to improve tools for clinical measurement, and to better define the potential for "resolution therapeutics" in vascular patients.
Convergence of VEGF and YAP/TAZ signaling: Implications for angiogenesis and cancer biology

Gloss Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for angiogenesis, which not only promotes the vascularization of organs during development but also fuels the growth of tumors. Independently of its angiogenic effects in endothelial cells, VEGF signaling within tumor cells is associated with the acquisition of stem cell–like traits that are associated with drug resistance and metastasis. However, targeting VEGF receptors has had limited therapeutic efficacy. In this Review, which contains one figure and 60 references, we discuss how YAP and TAZ, transcriptional effectors in the Hippo pathway, transduce VEGF signals into transcriptional and cytoskeletal alterations that promote both angiogenesis and the acquisition of stem-like traits in tumor cells.
Transcription Factors Activate Genes through the Phase-Separation Capacity of Their Activation Domains.

Gene expression is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that consist of DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and activation domains (ADs). The DBDs have been well characterized, but little is known about the mechanisms by which ADs effect gene activation. Here, we report that diverse ADs form phase-separated condensates with the Mediator coactivator. For the OCT4 and GCN4 TFs, we show that the ability to form phase-separated droplets with Mediator in vitro and the ability to activate genes in vivo are dependent on the same amino acid residues. For the estrogen receptor (ER), a ligand-dependent activator, we show that estrogen enhances phase separation with Mediator, again linking phase separation with gene activation. These results suggest that diverse TFs can interact with Mediator through the phase-separating capacity of their ADs and that formation of condensates with Mediator is involved in gene activation.
What Makes a Leadership Preparation Program Exemplary

What makes a leadership preparation program exemplary? All three exemplary programs featured in this special issue evidence strong learning orientations and more sustained improvement work in their...
Direct synthesis of furfuryl alcohol from furfural: catalytic performance of monometallic and bimetallic Mo and Ru phosphides

The catalytic properties of monometallic and bimetallic Ru and Mo phosphides were evaluated for their ability to selectively hydrogenate furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Monometallic MoP showed high selectivity (98%) towards furfuryl alcohol, while RuP and Ru2P exhibited lower selectivity at comparable conversion. Bimetallic promotional effects were observed with Ru1.0Mo1.0P, as the pseudo-first order reaction rate constant for furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol, k1, was at least 5× higher than MoP, RuP, and Ru2P, while maintaining a 99% selectivity. Composition-directed catalytic studies of RuxMo2−xP (0.8 Ru1.2Mo0.8P > MoP > Ru0.8Mo1.2P > RuP > Ru2P. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to examine the configuration of adsorbed furfural on the synthesized catalysts, but the results were inconclusive and no correlation could be found with the selectivity due to the possible IR inactive surface modes with furfural adsorption. However, gas phase density functional theory calculations suggested the x = 1.0 material in RuxMo2−xP (0.8 < x < 1.2) had the most favorable furfural adsorption energy. Experimentally, we also observed that the solvent greatly influenced both the conversion and selectivity, where isopropanol provided the highest selectivity to furfuryl alcohol. Finally, recycling experiments showed a 12% decrease in k1 after 3 cycles without any regeneration, but the activity could be fully recovered through a re-reduction step.
Men’s Stress Dressing and Eating Habits

Stress is a common health issue that affects physical and emotional well-being including dressing and eating behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived stress (PS) on dressing and eating behaviors of males. A validated and reliable survey was used to assess demographics, effort put forth to control healthy eating and dressing choices, patterns of dressing and eating when undergoing PS, and dressing behavior and foods eaten when under non-perceived stress (NPS) and PS. Responses of 180 male university students revealed that during PS these men dressed casually. These results implicate that selection of accessories, hair care practices, scent products, and formal clothing may reveal stress prevalence in this population. These findings maybe of value for the apparel and textiles industry to concentrate on the design and merchandising of accessories and formal clothing to assist young male consumers when managing PS.
Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic Mn3Si2Se6

Abstract The physical properties of Mn3Si2Se6 have been investigated using single crystals grown by iodine-assisted vapor transport. The material possesses a ferrimagnetic ground state and the properties are similar to those in the isostructural compound Mn3Si2Te6 . In these trigonal materials, the dominant magnetic exchanges are antiferromagnetic and intrinsically frustrated, leading to a variety of competing ground states. In Mn3Si2Se6 , the Curie temperature is T C = 67(1) K, which is slightly lower than that of Mn3Si2Te6 where T C = 78 K. The anisotropy field is also smaller in the selenide relative to the telluride. In both materials, short-range correlations likely exist well-above T C . Neutron single crystal diffraction data on Mn3Si2Se6 suggest a collinear ferrimagnetic structure with the moments tilting out of the ab-plane in zero-field. Finally, the magnetization of vapor grown Mn3Si2Te6 is shown for comparison; these vapor grown crystals do not show a sharp onset of magnetic anisotropy above 300 K as was previously observed for melt grown Mn3Si2Te6 crystals.
Investigation of entertainment establishments providing commercial sex service in a certain city

Objective To estimate the number of commercial female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment establishments in a certain city of Anhui province,and provide evidence for high risk behavior intervention.Methods The list of entertainment establishments in the city was collected by field visits.The establishments providing commercial sex service were identified with the help of the key informants.Census method was employed to estimate the number of FSWs working in all the identified establishments.Results A total of 613 entertainment establishments provided commercial sex service,most establishments (53.34％) were hair-saloons,health massage centre and pedicure saloons.The number of FSWs was approximately 4545,most FSWs (32.76％) worked in sauna parlor and bath center.The entertainment establishments were classified according to the price of one sexual deal and most establishments (54.49％) were low-grade.Most FSWs (42.73％) worked in the mid-grade establishments.Conclusions The distribution of the entertainment establishments providing commercial sex service and FSWs is related to area,population and economy. Key words: HIV; Famale commercial sex workers; Population size estimation; Entertainment establishments
Oncological and Functional Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Individualized Partial Gland Cryoablation of the Prostate: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objectives: We aim at reporting the functional and oncological outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer who underwent individualized partial gland cryoablation of the prostate by using validated quality-of-life instruments. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our cryosurgery database between July 2003 and September 2019 for men who were treated with individualized partial gland cryoablation of the prostate at our tertiary care center. Baseline and periodic urinary and sexual function surveys were administered throughout the post-treatment period. Results: A total of 82 men were included in the study. Median follow-up was 28 months (interquartile range: 10.5-59.3 months). A total of 71 men underwent primary individualized partial gland cryoablation, whereas 11 men underwent salvage partial gland ablation. Failure-free survival at 1 to 5 years was 98%, 89%, 84%, 75%, and 75% in the primary therapy group, and 100%, 80%, and 40% in the salvage group at 1 to 3 years, respectively. In the primary therapy group, all 71 patients remained free of pads at 3 months and throughout the follow-up period. Men who had undergone primary focal cryoablation had a higher post-treatment International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, followed by men treated with primary hemi-cryoablation and primary subtotal cryoablation. The American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores decreased regardless of the type of partial gland ablation performed, with subtotal ablation having the lowest score compared with hemiablation and focal cryoablation. No patient developed a fistula in the primary group, and 1 (9%) patient developed a fistula in the salvage group. Conclusion: Individualized partial gland cryoablation of the prostate is able to achieve excellent oncological and functional outcomes in select men with localized prostate cancer.
Machine learning modeling of metal surface energy

Abstract We develop the Gaussian process regression model to shed light on relationships between metal surface energy and pertinent physical parameters. A total of 43 metals with surface energy ranging from 0.10 to 3.68 J m − 2 are explored for this purpose. The dataset contains alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, Lanthanides, and metals in other groups with the face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, or hexagonal-closed-packed structure. The model is accurate and stable that contributes to fast estimations of surface energy of various metals at low cost.
Measurement in Intensive Longitudinal Data

Technological advances have increased the prevalence of intensive longitudinal data as well as statistical techniques appropriate for these data, such as dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM)...
PRL-3 promotes a positive feedback loop between STAT1/2-induced gene expression and glycolysis in multiple myeloma

Over 34 000 patients are diagnosed yearly with multiple myeloma (MM), which remains a fatal malignancy. Expression of the phosphatase PRL-3 is associated with poor prognosis in MM patients, and Vandsemb et al. have demonstrated that PRL-3 contributes to enhanced MM cell fitness through activation of a glycolysis-associated feedback loop. PRL-3 resulted in increased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 2 (STAT2) and increased glycolysis. Increased glucose metabolism in turn activated STAT1/2 and interferon 1-related genes. This discovery advances the MM field by providing a new potential treatment avenue. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16058.
Distance Learning and Mobility

Automobile travel is increasingly associated with pollution, congestion and urban sprawl as well as social and economic costs for both drivers and communities. As travel volume increases, so too does the burden on community and private resources. Even the subjective travel experience is negatively affected when the length of the average commute is stretched and when much of it is spent stuck in traffic. Experts agree that building additional highways is undesirable, both ecologically and financially
Growth Kinetics of γ-Al 12 Mg 17 and β-Al 3 Mg 2 Intermetallic Phases in Mg vs. Al Diffusion Couples

Increasing use and development of lightweight Mg-alloys have led to the desire for more fundamental research in and understanding of Mg-based systems. As a strengthening component, Al is one of the most important and common alloying elements for Mg-alloys. In this study, solid-to-solid diffusion couple techniques were employed to examine the interdiffusion between pure Mg and Al. Diffusion anneals were carried out at 300°, 350°, and 400°C for 720, 360, and 240 hours, respectively. Optical and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) were employed to observe the formation of the intermetallics γ-Al12Mg17 and β-Al3Mg2, but not e-phase. Concentration profiles were determined using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS). The growth constants and activation energies were determined for each intermetallic phase.
Output filter design in high-efficiency wide-bandwidth multi-phase buck envelope amplifiers

Supply modulation is a system efficiency improvement technique in radio-frequency (RF) transmitters, where a power converter operating as an envelope tracking (ET) amplifier serves as the power supply for an RF power amplifier. This paper presents design of higher-order output filters in multi-phase buck ET amplifiers to achieve wide-bandwidth tracking with high efficiency using zero-voltage switching (ZVS) technique. The approach is verified by experiments on two-phase GaN-based ET prototypes operating at 10 MHz and 50 MHz per-phase switching frequency, and having fourth-order filters with 5 MHz and 20 MHz tracking bandwidth, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate accurate tracking of 2.4 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidth LTE envelope signals with 93.2% and 89.7% power-stage efficiency, respectively.
Activation of silent transposable elements.

It is well known among maize geneticists that agents that cause chromosome breakage can activate quiescent transposable elements. However, other than temporarily relieving position effect, it is difficult to understand how these events can lead directly to activation. One possibility is that chromosome breakage can initiate a process in the cell resulting in a higher rate of spontaneous mutation. Such a system could be analogous to the SOS response of Escherichia coli in which an error-prone repair system is induced. Chemical mutagens that cause little chromosome breakage but add bulky adducts to the DNA can induce the SOS response. In seed homozygous for a1-m2(8004), wx-m8, no active Spm, that had been treated with ethyl methanesulfonate, we observed activation of Spm at the rate of 1.1 × 10−4. The spontaneous rate of activation in this material was 1.2 × 10−5. Most of the activation events occurred as single kernels. This result contrasts with sectors covering at least one-eighth of the ear that would have been expected if activation had occurred as a direct result of mutagenesis in the mature kernel. The late timing of these events suggests that the activation, in most instances, may not be the direct result of chemical mutagenesis.
The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patient-derived xenograft models

The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patient-derived xenograft models
Atropine Enhances Serum Gastrin Response to Insulin in Man

The effects of a moderate dose of atropine (15 μg per kg) on serum gastrin and gastric acid secretory responses to intravenous insulin (0.2 U per kg) were studied in 8 men. Intragastric pH and volume were controlled and acid secretion was measured by continuous intragastric titration at pH 5.5. Compared with results of a control study in which no atropine was given, atropine caused 61% inhibition of peak acid secretion rates (P
Households and Families of the Longhouse Iroquois at Six Nations Reserve

Households and Families of the Longhouse Iroquois at Six Nations Reserve. Merlin G. Myers. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. 258 pp.
QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION OF THE URINARY GONADOTROPIN OF NORMAL MEN AND WOMEN1

METHODS for the quantitative concentration of urinary gonadotropic substances, being of primary importance in the determination of the rate of excretion of such substances, have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. Particularly interest has been attached to the application of such methods to the urines of normal individuals which, because they contain very small amounts of active material, must be concentrated into proportionally small volumes of nontoxic extract in order to be suitable for all animal assay. Several years ago, on the basis of experiments with the urines of post-menopausal and ovariectomized women, we (I) suggested that tannic acid is an effective precipitant for urinary gonadotropin. That the precipitation is quantitative was determined by comparing the yields obtained by this method with those by assay of the raw urine or of alcohol precipitates thereof. The alcohol precipitation is generally assumed to be and probably is quantitative but, as is well known, extracts pr...
The “Other Campaign:” The EZLN and New Forms of Politics in Mexico and the United States

This article examines the relationship between the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) and US based immigrant social movements in their newest political initiative, “the Other Campaign.” Based on in-depth interviews with activists from four immigrant based social movements, this article explores how the political discourse of the EZLN's “Other Campaign” has created a space for immigrants to participate in the transnational political action. It explores how the EZLN's discourse of “autonomy” has been appropriated in diverse ways by immigrant based community organizations in the US.
Distinct contracted conformations of the Tcra/Tcrd locus during Tcra and Tcrd recombination

Studies have suggested that antigen receptor loci adopt contracted conformations to promote long-distance interactions between gene segments during V(D)J recombination. The Tcra/Tcrd locus is unique because it undergoes highly divergent Tcrd and Tcra recombination programs in CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) and CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes, respectively. Using three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization, we asked whether these divergent recombination programs are supported by distinct conformational states of the Tcra/Tcrd locus. We found that the 3′ portion of the locus is contracted in DN and DP thymocytes but not in B cells. Remarkably, the 5′ portion of the locus is contracted in DN thymocytes but is decontracted in DP thymocytes. We propose that the fully contracted conformation in DN thymocytes allows Tcrd rearrangements involving Vδ gene segments distributed over 1 Mb, whereas the unique 3′-contracted, 5′-decontracted conformation in DP thymocytes biases initial Tcra rearrangements to the most 3′ of the available Vα gene segments. This would maintain a large pool of distal 5′ Vα gene segments for subsequent rounds of recombination. Thus, distinct contracted conformations of the Tcra/Tcrd locus may facilitate a transition from a Tcrd to a Tcra mode of recombination during thymocyte development.
Verapamil therapy for Prinzmetal's variant angina: Comparison with placebo and nifedipine☆

This study was performed (1) to assess the efficacy and safety of verapamil in patients with variant angina, and (2) to compare verapamil and nifedipine in patients with this clinical syndrome. In 27 patients, placebo and verapamil were administered in a long-term randomized, and double-blind study of 9 months' duration. In comparison to placebo, verapamil reduced the frequency of angina, nitroglycerin usage, transient episodes of electrocardiographic S-T segment deviation (as assessed by 2-channel Holter monitoring), and hospitalizations required for clinical instability. Subsequently, 23 patients were treated with nifedipine in a nonblind fashion for 2 months, and this agent exerted a beneficial effect similar to that of verapamil. Finally, gated equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy, performed in 10 patients at rest and during exercise during treatment with placebo, verapamil, and nifedipine, demonstrated that neither calcium antagonist caused a deterioration of left ventricular performance. Thus, (1) long-term oral verapamil and nifedipine are each superior to placebo and are of similar efficacy in patients with variant angina, and (2) neither agent adversely influences left ventricular performance in patients with relatively normal left ventricular function.
Ultraviolet mutagenesis of radiation-sensitive (rad) mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract A mutational tester strain (JP10) of the nematode C. elegans was used to capture recessive lethal mutations in a balanced 300 essential gene autosomal region. The probability of converting a radiation interaction into a lethal mutation was measured in young gravid adults after exposure to fluences of 254-nm ultraviolet radiation (UV) ranging from 0 to 300 Jm−2. Mutation frequencies as high as 5% were observed. In addition, three different radiation-hypersensitive mutations, rad-1, rad-3 and rad-7 were incorporated into the JP10 background genotype, which allowed us to measure mutation frequencies in radiation-sensitive animals. The strain homozygous for rad-3 was hypermutable to UV while strains homozygous for rad-1 and rad-7 were hypomutable. Data showing the effects of UV on larval development and fertility for the rad mutants is also shown and compared for wild-type and JP10 backgrounds.
Collagen Structural Hierarchy and Susceptibility to Degradation by Ultraviolet Radiation

Collagen type I is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the human body, providing the basis for tissue structure and directing cellular functions. Collagen has complex structural hierarchy, organized at different length scales, including the characteristic triple helical feature. In the present study, the relationship between collagen structure (native vs. denatured) and sensitivity to UV radiation was assessed, with a focus on changes in primary structure, changes in conformation, microstructure and material properties. A brief review of free radical reactions involved in collagen degradation is also provided as a mechanistic basis for the changes observed in the study. Structural and functional changes in the collagens were related to the initial conformation (native vs. denatured) and the energy of irradiation. These changes were tracked using SDS-PAGE to assess molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study changes in the secondary structure, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize changes in mechanical properties. The results correlate differences in sensitivity to irradiation with initial collagen structural state: collagen in native conformation vs. heat-treated (denatured) collagen. Changes in collagen were found at all levels of the hierarchical structural organization. In general, the native collagen triple helix is most sensitive to UV-254nm radiation. The triple helix delays single chain degradation. The loss of the triple helix in collagen is accompanied by hydrogen abstraction through free radical mechanisms. The results received suggest that the effects of electromagnetic radiation on biologically relevant extracellular matrices (collagen in the present study) are important to assess in the context of the state of collagen structure. The results have implications in tissue remodeling, wound repair and disease progression.
Extracellular calcium dependence of contracture and modulation by serotonin in buccal muscle E1 of Aplysia.

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] enhances acetyl choline (ACh)-elicited contractures of Aplysia buccal muscles E1 and I5 . The possible role of external calcium in regulating the magnitude of ACh contracture in the presence and absence of 5-HT was investigated. Superfusion of E1 with zero calcium medium caused ACh contractures to fail within one to two minutes. Recovery of ACh contracture upon restoring normal medium occurred within two to four minutes. In the absence of 5-HT, ACh contracture decreased proportionally to external [Ca++] in the concentration range of 0-10 mM; however, the amount of enhancement of ACh contracture following 5-HT treatment did not decrease with external [Ca++] as long as [Ca++] was above a threshold concentration that varied from preparation to preparation. For most preparations, the enhancement of ACh contracture by 5-HT was dependent on the presence of external calcium during 5-HT treatment. Calcium influx into muscles E1 and I5 increased approximately two and a half fold in the presence of 10(-6) M 5-HT. A model in which 5-HT brings about calcium "loading" of an ACh releasable intracellular storage site is discussed.
Ephaptic synchronization as a mechanism for selective amplification of stimuli

We propose a mechanism for the function of choice in attention and awareness, whereby we refer to the faculty which allows the organism to choose the more significant events from a field of possibilities. We show how ephaptic coupling between sensory neurons in say, the olfactory system, allows for the choice of the information theoretically more significant events from the field of stimuli presented to the organism. We conclude that ephaptic coupling could have a role in organization of the information stored in and processed by the brain.
A spatiotemporal model for ephemeral data in pervasive computing networks

Pervasive computing evokes a vision of digitally-accessible environments with which applications and users interact in localized ways. In this vision, information is ephemeral: it is created, moved, stored, and deleted on-demand at rapid rates. Without a formal data model that enables the data itself to speak about its spatial and temporal bearings, it is difficult to build support for accessing an information-rich digital world in a general-purpose way. In this paper, we demonstrate the need for an expressive data model of the inherently ephemeral data in pervasive computing and propose the beginnings of such a model that explicitly tags information with spatial and temporal semantics. Our model is founded on spatiotemporal trajectories, which capture the spatial and temporal semantics of data and the phenomenon it represents. We further demonstrate both the need for and potential impact of a general-purpose expressive spatiotemporal data model using several use cases.
Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children—how valid are the existing diagnostic criteria?

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a common metabolic abnormality in children of all ages. There is evidence of an association of idiopathic hypercalciuria with nephrolithiasis, hematuria, and osteoporosis. However, much of this evidence is anecdotal and the precise role of hypercalciuria in the pathogenesis of these conditions is far from clear. Furthermore, the precise definition of idiopathic hypercalciuria has not yet been established. The methodologies for quantitating urinary calcium excretion have also not been standardized, adding another potential confounding factor to the accurate interpretation of urinary calcium excretion. Long-term studies on the natural history of unselected children with idiopathic hypercalciuria are needed to establish the true clinical significance of this condition. The focus of this review is to critically evaluate the methods currently being used to measure urinary calcium excretion in children and to assess the validity of existing criteria for diagnosing idiopathic hypercalciuria.
Beyond Pattern Matching: A Concurrency Model for Stateful Deep Packet Inspection

The ever-increasing sophistication in network attacks, combined with larger and larger volumes of traffic, presents a dual challenge to network intrusion detection systems (IDSs). On one hand, to take advantage of modern multi-core processing platforms IDSs need to support scalability, by distributing traffic analysis across a large number of processing units. On the other hand, such scalability must not come at the cost of decreased effectiveness in attack detection. In this paper, we present a novel domain-specific concurrency model that addresses this challenge by introducing the notion of detection scope: a unit for partitioning network traffic such that the traffic contained in each resulting "slice" is independent for detection purposes. The notion of scope enables IDSs to automatically distribute traffic processing, while ensuring that information necessary to detect intrusions remains available to detector instances. We show that for a large class of detection algorithms, scope can be automatically inferred via program analysis; and we present scheduling algorithms that ensure safe, scope-aware processing of network events. We evaluate our technique on a set of IDS analyses, showing that our approach can indeed exploit the concurrency inherent in network traffic to provide significant throughput improvements.
Biography and social structure in the socialization of student teachers: a re‐examination of the pupil control ideologies of student teachers

This study examined the effects of the student teaching experience on the pupil control ideologies of student teachers and attempted to assess the relative contributions of biography and social structure in determining student teacher attitudes toward pupil control. The subjects were forty elementary student teachers from one midwestern university. The results indicated that student teachers did not become more custodial in their views toward pupil control by the end of the experience. Furthermore, cooperating teachers exerted little influence on student teacher pupil control ideologies once the effects of biography were removed. It was concluded that biography does play an important part in the socialization of student teachers and that future research on student teaching should consider the effects of biography and social structure together within an interactive model of socialization. Finally, the limitations of focusing exclusively on student teacher ideologies are discussed and the concept of perspec...
A probabilistic investigation into deterioration of CFRP–concrete interface in aggressive environments

Abstract This paper presents a probabilistic investigation into the deterioration of CFRP–concrete interface subjected to aggressive environments. A total of 53 single-lap shear specimens are exposed to freeze–wet–dry, wet–dry, and constant cold temperature conditions, 7 of which are unconditioned control specimens. Test parameters include the number of environmental cycles up to 150 and the degree of temperature as low as −30 °C for 2000 h. Upon completion of the planned environmental cycling, the residual capacity of the CFRP-interface (i.e., local interfacial fracture energy) is evaluated. The effect of freeze–wet–dry and constant cold temperature exposure is noticeable on the deterioration of the interface, whereas that of wet–dry is negligible. Probability distribution of the interfacial capacity is found to be normal and statistical uncertainty increases with the number of environmental cycles. Refined design factors are suggested using a Monte-Carlo simulation to ensure the sustainable performance of CFRP-retrofit systems for climatic regions with which freezing environment is associated.
Effect of Protein Binding on Ultrafast DNA Dynamics: Characterization of a DNA:APE1 Complex

Synthetic oligonucleotides with a fluorescent coumarin group replacing a basepair have been used in recent time-resolved Stokes-shift experiments to measure DNA dynamics on the femtosecond to nanosecond timescales. Here, we show that the APE1 endonuclease cleaves such a modified oligonucleotide at the abasic site opposite the coumarin with only a fourfold reduction in rate. In addition, a noncatalytic mutant (D210N) binds tightly to the same oligonucleotide, albeit with an 85-fold reduction in binding constant relative to a native oligonucleotide containing a guanine opposite the abasic site. Thus, the modified oligonucleotide retains substantial biological activity and serves as a useful model of native DNA. In the complex of the coumarin-containing oligonucleotide and the noncatalytic APE1, the dye's absorption spectrum is shifted relative to its spectrum in either water or within the unbound oligonucleotide. Thus the dye occupies a site within the DNA:protein complex. This result is consistent with modeling, which shows that the complex accommodates coumarin at the site of the orphaned base with little distortion of the native structure. Stokes-shift measurements of the complex show surprisingly little change in the dynamics within the 40 ps-40 ns time range.
Long-Term Effect of N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline on Left Ventricular Collagen Deposition in Rats With 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Hypertension

Background—N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a natural inhibitor of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. Ac-SDKP plasma concentration is increased 5-fold after angiot...
Expression of calretinin in diverse neuronal populations during development of rat hippocampus

The prenatal and postnatal expression of calretinin was studied in hippocampus of the rat using immunohistochemical procedures. Calretinin was detected as early as embryonic day 15 in the primordial hippocampus where calretinin-containing neurons and fibres were localized to the primitive plexiform layer. Upon emergence of the hippocampal plate (the prospective stratum pyramidale), large numbers of immunopositive multipolar cells were observed in the marginal zone. Fewer cells with fusiform cell bodies were observed bordering the hippocampal plate and subplate. During the perinatal period (embryonic day 20 to postnatal day 0), large numbers of immunoreactive pyramidal-like neurons were observed at the margin of the hippocampal plate with the subplate. At this same time, many calretinin-containing neurons with irregularly shaped dendrites were observed in stratum radiatum. Soon after birth (postnatal day 3), the calretinin immunoreactivity of both these later cell types rapidly declined and a new population of calretinin-immunopositive cells emerged, the Cajal-Retzius cells of stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the dentate gyrus. The Cajal-Retzius cells rapidly matured but disappeared by the second postnatal week. During the second postnatal week, calretinin interneurons of the adult hippocampal formation began to appear. Their immunoreactivity increased by postnatal day 15, when the number of calretinin-immunopositive interneurons in area CA1 and stratum radiatum of CA3 exceeded that of the adult. At this time, the soma and proximal dendrites of many calretinin interneurons were found to contact each other. The frequency of such cellular appositions decreased in adulthood. The results presented here show that calretinin immunohistochemistry can be very useful in recording the development of subpopulations of hippocampal neurons that are present during distinct embryonic and postnatal periods. Although some neuronal types may exist only briefly during hippocampal development, others appear to express calretinin transiently during restricted phases of neuronal differentiation. Surprisingly, this includes some hippocampal pyramidal cells. However, even as the adult pattern of immunostaining emerges in week 2, morphological refinement of interneurons continues to take place, which eventually leads to the population of calretinin-containing interneurons of the mature hippocampus.
Coagulation studies in the preeclamptic parturient: a survey.

Abstract Study Objective : To delineate current practice with regard to how coagulation status is evaluated before induction of regional anesthesia in the Preeclamptic parturient, with the goal of defining appropriate testing. Design : A confidential survey was mailed to the chairmen of all 113 anesthesiology residency training programs in the United States listed in the American Medical Association's American Medical Graduation Education guide, to be passed on to the director of obstetric anesthesia. Setting : Academic institutions providing obstetric anesthesia services in the United States. Interventions : Following the original study, there was no additional follow-up or intervention. Measurements and Main Results : The 21-question survey explored institutional characteristics such as the number of deliveries, the use of regional anesthesia, and the laboratory tests required prior to placement of a regional anesthetic in the mildly or severely Preeclamptic parturient under two degrees of operative urgency. In the 74 programs entered into the analysis, we found that regional anesthesia was used in the majority of cesarean sections and more than half of the vaginal deliveries. In an urgent situation, most of the programs required no test of coagulation status in the mild preeclamptic parturient and only a platelet count in the severe preeclamptic parturient. Conclusions : In the majority of academic programs in the United States, we found that the evaluation of coagulation status in the Preeclamptic parturient was based primarily on a platelet count. A review of the literature support this Pattern of testing.
Neurofeedback Treatment of Depression and Anxiety

A robust body of research documents that there are biological predispositions that often exist for depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. However, new research has shown that medication is only mildly more effective than placebo in the treatment of these problems. In treating these conditions, neurofeedback (EEG biofeedback) may offer an alternative to invasive treatments such as medication, ECT, and intense levels of transcrancial magnetic stimulation. This paper reviews the neurofeedback literature with these problems, finding particularly positive research support for the treatment of anxiety disorders. New findings on the neurofeedback treatment of depression are presented.
A TPD, SIMS and Δφ study of the influence of coadsorbed potassium on the adsorption and decomposition of ethylene on Pt(111)☆

Abstract The influence of potassium on the adsorption and decomposition of ethylene on Pt(111) has been studied using TPD, positive and negative SIMS and Δφ measurements. Potassium alters the bonding mode of ethylene and, at low coverage, increases the sticking coefficient at 100 K. Potassium inhibits ethane formation, eliminates hydrogen evolution at room temperature and induces a new hydrogen desorption peak at 420 K. Around room temperature, a new species, which we propose is ethylidene (CH3CH=), is formed in the presence of K. This species becomes dominant for θK between 0.07 and 0.14 ML and converts into ethylidyne at higher temperature (near 360 K). The species left on the surface after ethylidyne decomposition is characterized as CCH and it is destabilized by potassium. At larger θK, ethylene rapidly dehydrogenates to CCH without the accumulation of ethylidyne. Decomposition of CCH leaves surface carbon, which starts to polymerize at 460 K. Throughout all these processes, CC bond cleavage is not favored.
Nanometric superlattices: non-lithographic fabrication, materials, and prospects

A non-lithographic technique that utilizes the self-organized, highly ordered anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) porous membrane as a template is employed as a general fabrication means for the formation of vastly different two-dimensional lateral nanometric superlattices. The fact that material systems as different as metals, semiconductors, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be treated with the same ease attests to the generality of this nano-fabrication approach. The original alumina nanopore membranes determine the uniformity, packing density, and size of the nanostructures. The flexibility of using a variety of materials, the accurate control over fabrication process, and the command over the alumina template attributes give us the freedom of engineering various physical properties determined by the shape, size, composition, and doping of the nanostructures. The novel nanomaterial platform realized by this unique technique is powerfully enabling for a broad range of applications as well as for uncovering new physical phenomena such as the collective behavior of arrays of nano-elements that may not be intrinsic to individual nano-elements.
The carotenoids in the deep sea red crab, Geryon quinquedens.

Abstract 1. 1. The deep sea red crab, Geryon quinquedens , was obtained from a local, commercial processing plant. 2. 2. The raw carapace and appendages were found to contain astaxanthin ester, astaxanthin, astacene, β-doradexanthin ester and zeaxanthin ester. 3. 3. The processing waste from cooked, butchered sections contained two minor, unidentified carotenoids in addition to those mentioned above.
1713 SERUM CREATINE KINASE BRAIN SPECIFIC ISOENZYME (CK-BB) IN TERM ASPHYXIATED INFANTS

Asphyxiated term infants (A) are at risk for early-onset seizures, persistent encephalopathy, abnormal EEG's and long-term sequelae. CK-BB is elevated in preterm infants with IVH and term infants with post-asphyxial neurologic injury. We correlated CK-BB with other laboratory and clinical assessments of asphyxia in the neonatal period and with outcome at 3-6 months. Criteria for asphyxia was one or more of: Apgar (5 min) ≤ 5; need for resuscitation beyond 5 min; abnormal neurologic exam by 24 h of age with a history suggestive of perinatal asphyxia. Serum total CK and BB fraction were measured from umbilical cord blood and samples were drawn at 6-12 h and 24-36 h in 8 normal and 13 A infants. Sarnat encephalopathy staging was done daily and EEG's were obtained on days 1 and 7 for A infants. CK and BB values were not affected by route of delivery or duration of labor. Differences were seen in CK-BB measurements at 6-12 h for: The CK-BB peak at 6-12 h rather than in cord blood suggests that the asphyxial insult was more closely related to intrapartum period than chronic intrauterine events. The best predictors of poor prognosis are a low Apgar at 5 min and neonatal seizures. CK-BB is a useful biochemical marker of significant asphyxia.
Volcanic structure of the crest of the Puna Ridge, Hawaii: Geophysical implications of submarine volcanic terrain

The morphology of submarine volcanic terrain on the crest of the Puna Ridge, Hawaii, was observed during two manned submersible dives in water depths of as much as 2,000 m. Steep-walled linear ridges 30 m high, trending 060/sup 0/, and composed of lava pillows and narrow fissures with the same strike were the principal volcanic features observed on the ridge crest. Lava tunnels, tubes, and pillows frequently were observed to be partially broken through, thereby exposing water-filled voids, which are inferred to be interconnected to great depths within the extrusive submarine volcanic pile. Low compressional wave velocities reported by other authors for the crustal layer composed of submarine volcanic extrusives and the low effective density of this layer, as determined from published surface gravity observations, are attributed to the large intraflow and interflow porosity of submarine volcanic terrain. Areal variations in heat flow through the crust of submarine volcanic features are also attributed to the high porosity and consequent permeability of submarine volcanic terrain which is likely to persist to the bottom of the submarine extrusive pile.
Self-timed interface for S/390 I/O subsystem interconnection

A high-speed interface has been designed for interconnection of the S/390® I/O subsystem to the IBM S/390 G5 processor. The self-timed interface (STI) provides high bandwidth, greater communication distances, and simpler timing within the S/390 servers than traditional interfaces. The STI communicates between the memory bus adapter and the expanded S/390 I/O subsystem, which now includes the new S/390 fiber channel offering (FICON™) and other network-based protocols such as ATM, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet. Also new for G5 is the use of STI for the integrated cluster bus (ICB), providing direct links among multiple G5 servers. The STI communicates over cables up to ten meters in length at a clock frequency of 167 MHz. Data is sent at twice the clock frequency (333 MB/s). The hardware implementation comprises specially designed logic macros, differential drivers and receivers, and the cables and connectors. The receive macro accommodates up to three bittimes of skew by retiming each data bit of the interface to the transmitted clock. This paper describes the STI logic, the characteristics of the link, and the transmission and reception of the data (and clock).
SPECIFIC HEATS OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

The specific heats of dilute alloys of silver, cadmium, indium, tin, and antimony in hexagonal zirconium were measured from 1.2 to 4.5 deg K. For each alloy the specific heat obeyed the relation c = gamma T + BETA T/sup 3/ within the experimental error. All of these solutes increased gamma linearly with concentration and d gamma /dx was linearly related to the chemical valence of the solute. The increase in gamma in the tinzirconium alloys showed that all electrons outside closed shells cannot be treated as equivalent in the rigid band model of alloying. All of these solutes increased the density af states of zirconium, providing evidence for a zone overlap in the zirconium d band and for a small number of electrons in a new band. All of the solutes increased the lattice specific heat and the Debye temperature was a linear function of solute concentration for each of these alloy systems. The function d theta /dx was not simply related to the solute valence but showed a close correlation with the magnitude of the rate of change of the distance between atoms at 000 and 1/3, 2/ 3, and 1/2 of the hexagonal cell. Additions of tinmore » to zirconium did not change the average interaction potential of the BCS theory appreciably. (auth)« less
Rotational diffusion of nucleosomes: role of the N-terminal histone domains in structural transitions

The rotational diffusion of nucleosome core particles were measured using the fluorescence anisotropy decay of ethidium intercalated into the core particle DNA as a function of ionic strength. The `native' form of the core particle (ionic strength from 0.001 to 0.1 M) has a rotational correlation time ((phi) max) of approximately 170 ns. At higher salt concentrations (phi) max rises slowly from approximately 170 ns at 0.1 M NaCl to a value of approximately 230 ns at 0.35 M NaCl, a point just above physiological ionic strength; we call this change the moderate-salt transition. (phi) max remains constant at approximately 230 ns until the onset of the `high-salt dissociation' which occurs above 0.7 M NaCl. This dissociation begins with the release of H2A-H2B dimers; increasing DNA flexibility in this salt range prohibits accurate measurement of the rotational correlation time beyond this point. Light treatment of the ore particles with trypsin to remove the N-terminal histone domains abolishes the plateau in (phi) max between 0.35 and 0.65 M NaCl. Thus, the moderate-salt transition derives from the release of these N-terminal ends from the body of the core particle. The anisotropy decays show no evidence for DNA release from the core particle at salt concentrations below 0.65 M.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.