cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Panacryl synovitis: Fact or fiction?

Purpose: It has been suggested from anecdotal experience that Panacryl suture (Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson, Westwood, MA) may be responsible for an exaggerated inflammatory response. Our goal was to test the null hypothesis that Panacryl causes aseptic synovitis when used on anchors in the case of arthroscopic Bankart and rotator cuff repair. Type of Study: Retrospective review of the postoperative outcome, specifically looking for clinical criteria that are associated with aseptic synovitis. Methods: Eighty-three arthroscopic Bankart and 33 arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs were performed using anchors loaded with Panacryl. The clinical factors associated with synovitis that we assessed were motion, pain, hyperthermia, and swelling. Results: There was no hyperthermia. Two patients had transient swelling and 10 patients had initial transient postoperative pain. One patient had chronic pain and a second arthroscopy was performed 5 months after the initial procedure, which revealed obvious synovitis. Biopsy examinations were performed and these showed typical foreign-body reaction. Two anterior redislocations occurred after new traumas, 2 failed rotator cuff repairs were observed, due to early active motion, and 2 underwent an open revision repair; synovitis was not observed in any of these cases. After 6 months, the loss of external rotation was a mean of 6.7° (Bankart) and 3.3° (rotator cuff repair). The loss of forward elevation was a mean of 5.8° (Bankart) and of 3.3° (rotator cuff repair). Conclusions: In only 1 of 116 cases of arthroscopic repair was there direct evidence of synovitis. Even in the cases undergoing revision surgery, there was no indication that Panacryl caused aseptic synovitis. Clinical course after these repairs appeared to be similar to historical experience using nonabsorbable braided suture material. Failure rates in each series appeared to be more related to new trauma and use of other implants than to Panacryl suture. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Accuracy and Interobserver Concordance of Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Systolic Function: A Quality Control Exercise

Background Accurate assessment of right ventricular (RV) size (RVS) and RV systolic function (RVSF) is vital in the management of various conditions, but their assessment is challenging using echocardiography. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and interobserver concordance of qualitative and quantitative RV echocardiography. Methods Fifteen readers evaluated RV function in 12 patients (360 readings) who underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance for RV assessment. Readers qualitatively estimated RVS and RVSF as normal, mild, moderate, or severe and then reassessed quantitatively by adding RV dimensions, fractional area change, S′, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and RV index of myocardial performance. Cardiac magnetic resonance was used as the reference standard for grading RVS and RVSF. Results Quantitative measurements increased accuracy and interreader agreement compared to qualitative assessment alone, especially in normal categories. Readers' accuracy for diagnosing normal and severe RVS increased from 38% to 78% ( P = .001) and from 70% to 97% ( P = .018), and readers' accuracy for diagnosing normal and mild RVSF increased from 52% to 84% ( P P = .001). Interreader agreement for classification of the subjects as normal or abnormal improved from a κ value of 0.40 to 0.77 (fair to good agreement) for RVS and from 0.43 to 0.66 (moderate to good agreement) for RVSF. Conclusions Visual estimation of RVS and RVSF is inaccurate and has wide interobserver variability. Quantitation improves accuracy and reliability, especially in distinction of normal and abnormal. The reliability of mild and moderate grades remains inadequate, and further guidance is needed for the classification of abnormal categories.
Fatigue Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Blocks Under Compression

In this paper we investigate the mechanical response from repeated high compressive strains on freestanding, long, vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membranes and show that the arrays of nanotubes under compression behave very similar to soft tissue and exhibit viscoelastic behavior. Under compressive cyclic loading, the mechanical response of nanotube blocks shows initial preconditioning and hysteresis characteristic of viscoeleastic materials. Furthermore, no fatigue failure is observed even at high strain amplitudes up to half million cycles. The outstanding fatigue life and extraordinary soft tissue-like mechanical behavior suggest that properly engineered carbon nanotube structures could mimic artificial muscles.
Oral delivery of double-stranded RNA induces prolonged and systemic gene knockdown in Metaseiulus occidentalis only after feeding on Tetranychus urticae

Metaseiulus (=Typhlodromus or Galendromus) occidentalis is an important biological control agent. Functional genomic studies on this predator have been hampered by the lack of reverse genetic tools such as RNA interference (RNAi). In the current study, we evaluated possible RNAi responses in M. occidentalis females by feeding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of RpL11, RpS2, RpL8, or Pros26.4 genes in 20 % sucrose solution. Females needed to subsequently feed on two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) to elicit a nearly complete loss of egg production. The corresponding gene knockdown was robust, long-term, and was observed in the very few eggs produced (systemic or parental RNAi). Interestingly, dsRNA-mediated gene knockdown could not be induced if these predators were provided only the sucrose diet after ingesting dsRNAs; T. urticae had to be provided to elicit the RNAi response. However, the spider mite diet was not needed for sustaining the dsRNA-mediated gene knockdown once it commenced. Oral delivery of dsRNA will be a valuable tool for efficient genome-wide functional screens in this important predatory mite.
Effects of external osmolality on polyamine metabolism in HeLa cells

The polyamine content of Escherichia coli is inversely related to the osmolality of the growth medium. The experiments described here demonstrate that a similar phenomenon occurs in mammalian cells. When grown in media of low NaCl concentration, HeLa cells and human fibroblasts were found to contain high levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. The putrescine content of HeLa cells was a function of the osmolality of the medium, as shown by growing cells in media containing mannitol or additional glucose. External osmolality per se had no effect on the contents of spermidine and spermine. For all media, the total cellular polyamine content could be correlated with the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the first enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Different levels of enzyme activity appear to result solely from variations in the rate of enzyme degradation. A sudden increase in a NaCl concentration produced rapid loss of ornithine decarboxylase activity and a gradual loss of putrescine and spermidine. A sudden decrease in NaCl concentration led to rapid and substantial increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity and putrescine.
Normal Segregation of a Foreign-Species Chromosome During Drosophila Female Meiosis Despite Extensive Heterochromatin Divergence

The abundance and composition of heterochromatin changes rapidly between species and contributes to hybrid incompatibility and reproductive isolation. Heterochromatin differences may also destabilize chromosome segregation and cause meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian segregation of homologous chromosomes. Here we use a range of genetic and cytological assays to examine the meiotic properties of a Drosophila simulans chromosome 4 (sim-IV) introgressed into D. melanogaster. These two species differ by ∼12–13% at synonymous sites and several genes essential for chromosome segregation have experienced recurrent adaptive evolution since their divergence. Furthermore, their chromosome 4s are visibly different due to heterochromatin divergence, including in the AATAT pericentromeric satellite DNA. We find a visible imbalance in the positioning of the two chromosome 4s in sim-IV/mel-IV heterozygote and also replicate this finding with a D. melanogaster 4 containing a heterochromatic deletion. These results demonstrate that heterochromatin abundance can have a visible effect on chromosome positioning during meiosis. Despite this effect, however, we find that sim-IV segregates normally in both diplo and triplo 4 D. melanogaster females and does not experience elevated nondisjunction. We conclude that segregation abnormalities and a high level of meiotic drive are not inevitable byproducts of extensive heterochromatin divergence. Animal chromosomes typically contain large amounts of noncoding repetitive DNA that nevertheless varies widely between species. This variation may potentially induce non-Mendelian transmission of chromosomes. We have examined the meiotic properties and transmission of a highly diverged chromosome 4 from a foreign species within the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. This chromosome has substantially less of a simple sequence repeat than does D. melanogaster 4, and we find that this difference results in altered positioning when chromosomes align during meiosis. Yet this foreign chromosome segregates at normal frequencies, demonstrating that chromosome segregation can be robust to major differences in repetitive DNA abundance.
Time Retardation in Static and Stationary Spherical and Elliptic Spaces

The well-known clock paradox is shown to be resolvable and consistent within the framework of the Lorentz Group, using fewer assumptions about the observers than previously. In particular it is not necessary in the spaces indicated to consider the effects of initial acceleration and final deceleration of the observers' clocks since the existence of certain parallel periodic orbits makes it possible to confine observations to times of arbitrary length during which the relative velocity remains constant in a sense previously described. Complete agreement between the observers is attained, thus showing that despite the notion of "relative motion" it is possible to decide which of the two observers is subject to time retardation.
Apomorphine selectively stimulates opiocortin hormone release from the pars distalis in rats.

Abstract Administration of apomorphine (0.3–3.0 mg/kg s.c.) evoked a rapid increase (10 min) in circulating levels of immunoreactive β-endorphin (iβ-END) in rats. As judged by gel filtration chromatography, virtually all of the increase corresponded to iβ-END resembling β-lipotropin (β-LPH) in molecular size. The apomorphine response was inhibited by pretreatment with either the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg i.p., 2 h) or the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (50 μg/kg i.p., 4 h). Together, these results indicate that dopamine-receptor activation stimulates the release of opiocortin hormones from corticotrophs of the pars distalis.
The Micro Basis of Budget System ReformThe Case of Transitional Economies

In reviewing the means to strengthen public expenditure management (PEM) systems, there has been increased emphasis on the micro basis of broader budget system reforms, especially reforms of the internal financial management systems in government agencies. Specifically in transition economies, there has been increasing recognition that OECD-type budget systems need to be broadly based on a firm platform of financial management in government institutions. At the same time, many transitional countries have generally acknowledged that this aspect of their PEM systems is problematic and needs to be rectified; hence, international agencies have been actively promoting reforms in these areas. In particular, three areas have been emphasized: human resource management, procurement, and internal audit. This paper explores the problems faced by transitional economies in each of these areas and reviews the generally recommended solutions to these problems.
A sparkostrictive wire-chamber spectrometer

Abstract The development of a sparkostrictive wire-chamber spectrometer is described. The spectrometer consists of 9 chambers ranging in active width-times-height from 91 cm × 81 cm to 152 cm × 91 cm. The chambers are positioned between the 152-cm-diameter pole faces of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory M5 magnet, which has a 120-cm gap and a 6-kG field in this application. The grid wires are spaced 1 mm apart and on most chambers are oriented with wires running vertically and at ±30° angles to the vertical to provide three redundant coordinates per track. The root-mean-square spatial resolution is typically 1.6 mm. The chambers, while capable of one-track efficiencies of virtually 100% and three-track efficiencies averaging better than 98% per track, are extremely delicate and require constant attention. The various steps taken to achieve high efficiencies are analyzed, and the performance during a recent K e 4 + −K π ee + experiment involving more than 1.6 × 10 6 triggers is evaluated.
Novelty filtered optical correlator using photorefractive crystal

We demonstrate a new optical correlator in which the correlation peak intensity is increased when the matched input object is moving. The basic configuration of the correlator is the same as a VanderLugt optical correlator consisting of a photorefractive crystal. The principal of this new correlator is based on the dynamic grating erasure property of photorefractive materials. The detail of this principle is described.
Within-Group Diversity in Minority Disproportionate Representation: English Language Learners in Urban School Districts

A weakness of research on minority placement in special education is the tendency to overestimate the homogeneity of populations by failing to disaggregate factors such as language proficiency or to consider other relevant variables, for example, social class or program type. Similarly, certain groups have been understudied, such as English language learners (ELLs). We addressed these gaps by examining ELL placement patterns in California urban districts. Disproportionate representation patterns were related to grade level, language proficiency status, disability category, type of special education program, and type of language support program. Students proficient in neither their native language nor in English (particularly in secondary grades) were most affected. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Following the water: a controlled study of drinking water storage in northern coastal Ecuador

BackgroundTo design the most appropriate interventions to improve water quality and supply, information is needed to assess water contamination in a variety of community settings, including those t...
A spectral mean value theorem for GL(3)

Abstract In this paper, we will prove a spectral mean value theorem for the first Fourier coefficients of GL ( 3 ) Maass forms. It is the analogue of the local Weyl law for GL ( 3 ) proved by Lapid and Muller (2009) [LM] and the sharp upper bound in the global Weyl law for GL ( 3 ) proved by Donnelly (1982) [Do] , Miller (2001) [Mi] , Muller (2007) [Mu] , Lindenstrauss and Venkatesh (2007) [LV] , Lapid and Muller (2009) [LM] , etc.
A monoclonal antibody that binds to the surface of photoreceptors

A monoclonal antibody (MAB), 7H11, that binds to the surface of photoreceptors has been produced. Using immunoaffinity procedures, proteins with molecular weights of 53, 48 and 42 kDa were found to bind a MAB 7H11 column, although the 48- and 42-kDa proteins may be proteolytic breakdown products of the 53 kDa protein. Electron microscopic-immunohistochemical studies show that the antigen is concentrated on the external surface of inner and outer segments of photoreceptors. It is likely that the 7H11 antigen is a component of the interphotoreceptor matrix and, therefore, may contribute to some aspect of photoreceptor-pigment epithelial interactions. However, the expression of the 7H11 antigen in cell culture suggests that it is expressed independently of direct cell-cell interactions with either pigment epithelial cells, Muller cells or other photoreceptors.
Ligand and Active-Site Dependent P-O Versus C-O Bond Cleavage in Organophosphorus Adducts of Serine Hydrolases

The stereoselectivity of phosphonylation of serine hydrolases by the ROR'P(O)X group of compounds is governed by the electronic properties of X and the size of RO. The electronic properties of ligands attached to P are decisive in whether C-O or P-O bond cleavage occurs in phosphonate diesters of serine hydrolases. Phenolate ions leave readily with P-O cleavage from chymotrypsin and the cholinesterases. The architecture and electrostatic character of the active site governs the fate of a covalently attached phosphonyl fragment. Strong negative electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in the cholinesterases preferentially promote C-O bond cleavage with occasional methyl migration whereas this route of dealkylation is nearly absent in phosphonate esters of serine proteases.
Prognosis for neonates with enterovirus hepatitis and coagulopathy.

Background. Neonatal enterovirus hepatitis and coagulopathy (EHC) can be a severe, life-threatening infection. However, the case-fatality rate of EHC and the prognosis for survivors are not well-defined. Methods. A search of a hospital medical records database and the investigator's files for the period 1983 to 2000 was performed. Patients with onset of enterovirus-associated illness at age ≤30 days and either (1) aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase >3 times the upper limit of normal or (2) platelet count 30 s (4 of 5 vs. 1 of 9, P = 0.02) and intracranial hemorrhage (4 of 5 vs. 1 of 8, P = 0.03). Follow-up of 6 survivors revealed normalization of liver function and platelet counts, satisfactory growth and absence of significant medical problems. Conclusions. The case-fatality rate of 31% is evidence of the potentially devastating nature of EHC. Concomitant EHC and myocarditis are especially serious, but the prognosis for children who survive neonatal EHC is generally excellent.
Oscillatory motions of a prestrained compliant membrane caused by fluid–membrane interaction

Abstract Flow over a compliant membrane is a complex problem where the interaction between fluid and membrane determines the nature of the aerodynamic characteristics of the membrane wing. This investigation is concerned with the deformation and oscillatory motion of a membrane under aerodynamic loading. The approach is computational, but the analytical solution is also presented for a constant pressure loading. The computational results are compared with the experimental data available in the literature as well as with the present analytical solution. In this study, the values of Reynolds number are 38 416 and 141 500, and the angle of attack and prestrain range from 10° to 40° and from 0 to 0.074, respectively. This range of parameters makes the outcome of the investigation more relevant to applications involving the flight of micro air vehicles and the membrane wings of flying mammals such as bats. The computations indicate a mostly asymmetric deflection with the point of maximum camber located nearly at 40% of the chord length from the leading edge. The deflection is decreased with prestrain, and it is increased with Reynolds number. Moreover, the lift coefficient generally increases with the angle of attack. However, for Re=141 500, it increases first to a peak at 20–30° angle of attack, and then decreases. The drag coefficient is much higher than that of conventional airfoils. The membrane oscillates in the streamwise and vertical directions. The largest amplitude of oscillations is observed at 40° for Re=38 416. The oscillations are caused by the oscillatory nature of the flow due to fluid–membrane interaction and the formation of the leading edge and trailing edge vortices. Compared with a rigid membrane of the same camber, the compliant membrane has a smaller recirculation region which may lead to a delayed stall.
Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by artemisinins: effects mediated through cell cycle modulation.

ABSTRACT Artemisinin-derived monomers and dimers inhibit human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). The monomer artesunate (AS) inhibits CMV at micromolar concentrations, while dimers inhibit CMV replication at nanomolar concentrations, without increased toxicity in HFFs. We report on the variable anti-CMV activity of AS compared to the consistent and reproducible CMV inhibition by dimer 606 and ganciclovir (GCV). Investigation of this phenomenon revealed that the anti-CMV activity of AS correlated with HFFs synchronized to the G 0 /G 1 stage of the cell cycle. In contact-inhibited serum-starved HFFs or cells arrested at early/late G 1 with specific checkpoint regulators, AS and dimer 606 efficiently inhibited CMV replication. However, in cycling HFFs, in which CMV replication was productive, virus inhibition by AS was significantly reduced, but inhibition by dimer 606 and GCV was maintained. Cell cycle analysis in noninfected HFFs revealed that AS induced early G 1 arrest, while dimer 606 partially blocked cell cycle progression. In infected HFFs, AS and dimer 606 prevented the progression of cell cycle toward the G 1 /S checkpoint. AS reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2, 4, and 6 in noninfected cycling HFFs, while the effect of dimer 606 on these CDKs was moderate. Neither compound affected CDK expression in noninfected contact-inhibited HFFs. In CMV-infected cells, AS activity correlated with reduced CDK2 levels. CMV inhibition by AS and dimer 606 also correlated with hypophosphorylation (activity) of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). AS activity was strongly associated with pRb hypophosphorylation, while its reduced anti-CMV activity was marked by pRb phosphorylation. Roscovitine, a CDK2 inhibitor, antagonized the anti-CMV activities of AS and dimer 606. These data suggest that cell cycle modulation through CDKs and pRb might play a role in the anti-CMV activities of artemisinins. Proteins involved in this modulation may be identified and targeted for CMV inhibition.
Maternal perceptions of infant difficultness: The influence of maternal attitudes and attributions

Abstract To explore some of the maternal factors that contribute to maternal perceptions of infant difficultness, 58 mothers of 6-week-old infants completed free-response questionnaires to identify common patterns of attribution for difficult behavior. In a second study, maternal attributions, flexibility, and difficultness perceptions were assessed in 51 mothers followed longitudinally from 6 weeks to 4 months postpartum. Multiple regressions showed that 4-month perceptions of fussy/difficultness were predicted by maternal inflexibility in child rearing at 6 weeks, over and above the contribution of 6-week ratings of infant difficultness. This was true for initially difficult infants only. As for attributions, mothers who saw their 6-week-old's difficult behavior as due to physical discomfort were more likely to describe their infant as fussy/difficult 3 months later, whereas mothers who saw infant difficultness as reflecting infant resistance/disinterest later saw their infant as unpredictable. Implications for understanding the development of maternal perceptions of infant difficultness are considered.
Organizational or Frictional Equilibria, X-Efficiency, and the Rate of Innovation

I. Introduction, 600. — II. Utility-effort relations, 601. — III. The theory of inert areas, 606. — IV. Inert areas and the inducement of change, 612. — V. The innovational-diffusion model, 617. — VI. Conclusions, 620.
Electrochemical investigations of ionic liquids with vinylene carbonate for applications in rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Abstract Ionic liquids based on methylpropylpyrrolidinium (MPPY) and methylpropylpiperidinium (MPPI) cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion have been synthesized and characterized by thermal analysis, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy as well as galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. 10 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) was added to the electrolytes of 0.5 M LiTFSI/MPPY.TFSI and 0.5 M LiTFSI/MPPI.TFSI, which were evaluated in Li || natural graphite (NG) half cells at 25 °C and 50 °C under different current densities. At 25 °C, due to their intrinsic high viscosities, the charge/discharge capacities under the current density of 80 μA cm−2 were much lower than those under the current density of 40 μA cm−2. At 50 °C, with reduced viscosities, the charge/discharge capacities under both current densities were almost indistinguishable, which were also close to the typical values obtained using conventional carbonate electrolytes. In addition, the discharge capacities of the half cells were very stable with cycling, due to the effective formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite electrode. On the contrary, the charge/discharge capacities of the Li || LiCoO2 cells using both ionic liquid electrolytes under the current density of 40 μA cm−2 decreased continually with cycling, which were primarily due to the low oxidative stability of VC on the surface of LiCoO2.
Stochastic diffraction tomography: theory and computer simulation

Abstract The reconstruction problem of diffraction tomography (DT) is cast in a stochastic framework, in which the sought after object function is a realization from a stationary random process. It is shown that, within the linearizing Born of Rytov approximations, a generalized projection-slice theorem relates the one-dimensional spatial power spectrum of the wavefields diffracted by the scatterer to the two-dimensional spatial power spectrum of the object function process itself. This projection-slice theorem is employed in the computation of the optimum (Wiener) filter for the reconstruction of the object function describing an unknown scatterer embedded in some random background medium of known first and second order statistics from full view, noisy diffraction tomographic data. A number of computer simulations are presented illustrating the theory developed in the paper.
A Laboratory Study to Predict the Rutting and Fatigue Behavior of Asphalt Concrete Using the Indirect Tensile Test

Rutting, fatigue, moisture susceptibility, and thermal cracking are the primary distresses of asphalt pavement. Currently several test methods are used to predict the rutting and fatigue behavior of asphalt concrete. This study uses the indirect tensile (IDT) test to evaluate both the rutting and fatigue behavior of asphalt. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and virgin aggregate are blended at different percentages (0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %) to produce mixes with a variety of fatigue and rutting performance. The IDT rutting test was performed by running high temperature IDT flow time and strength tests. In addition, flow number tests were performed using an asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). A strong correlation is observed between the high temperature IDT flow time/strength and flow number from AMPT. The test results show that IDT tests can be used to predict the rutting behavior of asphalt concrete at high temperatures. To characterize fatigue, cyclic IDT and monotonic fracture energy tests were performed at intermediate temperatures. At intermediate temperatures, good correlation is found between the fatigue life obtained from cyclic IDT test results and the fracture energy obtained from monotonic fracture test results. Based on the laboratory test results, the IDT test can be used to evaluate both the fatigue and rutting behavior of asphalt concrete. Considering that IDT testing has been used to characterize thermal cracking and moisture susceptibility, the IDT test has the potential to serve as a single performance test for fatigue, rutting, thermal cracking and moisture damage. Validation of the findings with more materials and field performance are recommended.
Random walk in a random multiplicative environment

The authors investigate the dynamics of a random walk in a random multiplicative medium. This results in a random, but correlated, multiplicative process for the spatial distribution of random walkers. The authors show how the details of these correlations determine the asymptotic properties of the walk, i.e., the central limit theorem does not apply to these multiplicative processes. They also study a periodic source-trap medium in which a unit cell contains one source, followed by L {minus} 1 traps. They calculate the asymptotic behavior of the number of particles, and determine the conditions for which there is growth or decay in this average number. Finally, they discuss the asymptotic behavior of a random walk in the presence of randomly distributed, partially-absorbing traps. For this case, a temporal regime of purely exponential decay of the density can occur, before the asymptotic stretched exponential decay, exp({minus}at{sup 1/3}), sets in.
Acoustic emission studies of electron beam surface modification of aluminum

Acoustic emission from carefully designed stationary pulsed electron beam heating experiments has been monitored in pure Al and a binary Al-4.5 wt pct Cu alloy to explore the use of this technique forin situ characterization of surface modification. A three-fold correlation was made among heat flow theory, acoustic emission, and post-solidification metallographic observations. By calibrating the acoustic emission system, it has been possible to deduce the dipole strength of the sources responsible for acoustic emission. Comparison with estimated values for candidate sources during surface modification indicates that only slip (in coarse grained material) and microfracture (in the alloy) are detectable. Their incidence during a thermal cycle reflects the evolution of thermal and solidification stresses accompanying surface modification. It has been found that cracking in Al-4.5 wt pct Cu alloys is a significant source of acoustic emission. The incidence of cracking has been found to depend upon the substrate properties. Soft, underaged material cracks significantly less than peak-aged material, suggesting that the contraction stresses responsible for cracking can be accommodated by adjacent matrix slip in underaged samples.
Solitary fibrous tumor. A cytologic-histologic study with clinical, radiologic, and immunohistochemical correlations

BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare neoplasms that most commonly involve the pleura, mediastinum, and lung. They are believed to be submesothelial in origin. Histologically, they are characterized by fibroblast-like cells and connective tissue in varying proportions. The “patternless pattern” and the hemangiopericytoma-like pattern are the most common arrangements. The majority of SFTs have been immunoreactive for CD34. Very little has been reported regarding the cytologic findings in these tumors. METHODS The authors reviewed the radiographic findings and studied fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed on seven patients with SFT of the pleura, and examined subsequent histologic material. The cell blocks or smears of all cases were stained with a monoclonal antibody to CD34. RESULTS The cytologic preparations showed varying degrees of cellularity. Smears were comprised of spindled cells in a bloody background with small amounts of collagen. The three malignant tumors had a greater number of cells, both dispersed and in clusters, with nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli. The cell blocks characteristically showed varying degrees of cellularity with thickened blood vessels and a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. The cells from the four benign tumors tended to be smaller in size and grouped in more cohesive clusters than the malignant ones. CD34 stained the spindle tumor cells in the cell blocks or smears from five cases; one malignant and one benign case failed to stain. The corresponding histologic samples from these cases demonstrated the same CD34 staining pattern in all cases except one. CONCLUSIONS The differential diagnosis of SFT includes neurogenic tumors, mesotheliomas, sarcomatoid carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and fibrosarcoma. CD34, when present, may prove equally helpful as a positive marker in cytology and in histologic preparations in the differential diagnosis of SFT. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1997; 81:116-21. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Virtual Polymorphism: Finding Divergent Peptide Matches in Mass Spectrometry Data

The prevailing method of analyzing tandem-MS data for protein identification involves the comparison of peptide molecular weight and fragmentation data to theoretically predicted values, based on known protein sequences in databases. This is generally effective since proteins from most species under study are in the database or have sufficient homology to allow significant matching. We have encountered difficulties identifying proteins from fungal species Alternaria alternata due to significant interspecies protein sequence differences (divergence) and its absence from the database. This common household mold causes asthma and allergy problems, but the genome has not been sequenced. De novo sequencing and error-tolerant methods can facilitate protein identifications in divergent, unsequenced species. But these standard methods can be laborious and only allow single amino acid substitution, respectively. We have developed an alternative approach focusing on database engineering, predicting biologically rat...
Hypovolemic shock after air reduction of intussusception

A 7-month-old white baby girl developed hypovolemic shock requiring resuscitation secondary to an air enema reduction of intussusception. The implications of this case for standardization of the management techniques in this setting are emphasized.
Periodic ends and knot concordance

Abstract Some topological applications are given for Taubes' theorem on nonexistence of certain definite 4-manifolds with periodic ends. In particular, it is shown that the group of topologically slice knots up to smooth concordance is larger than Z , even modulo torsion. A corollary of the proof is that there are uncountably many diffeomorphism types of Casson handles. A specific collection of doubled knots is exhibited, no two members of which are smoothly concordant.
inactivation in vitro of microsomal oxidases during parathion metabolism

Abstract The inactivation in vitro of microsomal oxidases during parathion metabolism was examined in relation to the binding to the microsomal membrane of sulfur resulting from desulfuration. Modulation of sulfur binding with sulfhydryl compounds revealed that the majority of bound sulfur is unrelated to inactivation. It was concluded that inactivation was related to either the binding of a very small fraction of detached sulfur to a high-affinity component of the oxidase system or a mechanism other than the binding of a reactive sulfur.
Effect of Drag-Reducing Agent on Slug Characteristics in Multiphase Flow in Inclined Pipes

The effect of drag-reducing agent (DRA) on multiphase flow in upward and downward inclined pipes has been studied. The effect of DRA on pressure drop and slug characteristics such as slug translational velocity, the height of the liquid film, slug frequency, and Froude number have been determined. Experiments were performed in 10-cm i.d., 18-m long plexiglass pipes at inclinations of 2 and 15 deg for 50 percent oil-50 percent water-gas. The DRA effect was examined for concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 ppm. Studies were done for superficial liquid velocities between 0.5 and 3 m/s and superficial gas velocities between 2 and 10 m/s. The results indicate that the DRA was effective in reducing the pressure drop for both upflow and downflow in inclined pipes. Pressure gradient reduction of up to 92 percent for stratified flow with a concentration of 50 ppm DRA was achieved in 2 deg downward inclined flow. The effectiveness of DRA for slug flow was 67 percent at a superficial liquid velocity of 0.5 m/s and superficial gas velocity of 2 m/s in 15 deg upward inclined pipes. Slug translational velocity does not change with DRA concentrations. The slug frequency decreases from 68 to 54 slugs/min at superficial liquid velocity of 1 m/s and superficial gas velocity of 4 m/s in 15 deg upward inclined pipes as the concentration of 50 ppm was added. The height of the liquid film decreased with the addition of DRA, which leads to an increase in Froude number.
DNA attachment chemistry at the flexible silicone elastomer surface: toward disposable microarrays.

This paper describes the preparation and surface characterization of maleimide-activated silicone elastomer (PDMSMCC) followed by covalent functionalization using thiol-terminated DNA sequences (primary oligo). The stability of this attachment chemistry was demonstrated by the retention of the primary oligo through the process of hybridization with a labeled complementary DNA sequence. In these studies, the hybridized labeled DNA oligomers were detected using confocal fluorescence microscopy. We have employed a vapor deposition technique in which a plasma-treated silicone elastomer (PDMSOH) was exposed to vapors of 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) under vacuum, to yield the amine-functionalized silicone elastomer (PDMSNH2). PDMSNH2 was further coupled with a heterofunctional cross-linker, sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate to obtain PDMSMCC. The surface functionalities of the elastomers were characterized using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectrosc...
High-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay of rat plasma corticosterone

Problems inherent in corticosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) led to consideration of alternative methods. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was evaluated that separated and quantitated dichloromethane-extracted corticosterone by reverse-phase chromatography. The results were correlated (r = 0.92) with an RIA procedure. The HPLC recovered nearly 100% of corticosterone added to rat plasma and had excellent reproducibility. In addition, chromatogram profiles of dichloromethane-soluble components obtained from rat plasma, derived from drug effect studies, could have value for characterizing response patterns. Without automated sample injection equipment, HPLC is more appropriately applied in monitoring RIA results than in processing large numbers of samples.
Phospholipase D Hydrolyzes Ether- and Ester-Linked Glycerophospholipids by Different Pathways in MDCK Cells

MDCK cells were prelabeled with 1-O-[3H]hexadecyl-2-lyso-GPC and [14C]myristic acid, which selectively labeled the glycerophospholipid subclasses with 93% of tritium in the alkyl-linked subclass and 85% of carbon-14 in the diacyl-linked subclass. By this approach, we have demonstrated that PLD upon activation via PKC pathway selectively catalyzes the degradation of ether-linked glycerophospholipid subclass. In contrast, G-protein regulatory PLD activity seems to preferentially hydrolyze ester-linked subclass. These results suggest that the selective hydrolysis of PLD action may play an important role in cellular signal transduction under physiological and pathological conditions.
Theoretical determination of vibration‐rotation properties for the B1Σ+u state of H2

Kolos and Wolniewicz calculations for the B1σ+u state of H2 are used to determine theoretical Dunham coefficients and rotational constants Dv and Hv. Use of the virial theorem leads to an equilibrium separation Re significantly in error. Adiabatic corrections to the Born-Oppenheimer potential yield appreciable changes in Y10 and Y01, but very small corrections for other constants. Theoretical vibrational constants are found that are in excellent agreement with the experimental constants of Wilkinson. Theoretical values of Dv and Hv are believed to be more reliable than those available from experiment. Both Dv and Hv curves are monotonically decreasing up to vibrational quantum number v = 25.
Estimating basin thickness using a high-density passive-source geophone array

Abstract In 2010 an array of 834 single-component geophones was deployed across the Bighorn Mountain Range in northern Wyoming as part of the Bighorn Arch Seismic Experiment (BASE). The goal of this deployment was to test the capabilities of these instruments as recorders of passive-source observations in addition to active-source observations for which they are typically used. The results are quite promising, having recorded 47 regional and teleseismic earthquakes over a two-week deployment. These events ranged from magnitude 4.1 to 7.0 ( m b ) and occurred at distances up to 10°. Because these instruments were deployed at ca. 1000 m spacing we were able to resolve the geometries of two major basins from the residuals of several well-recorded teleseisms. The residuals of these arrivals, converted to basinal thickness, show a distinct westward thickening in the Bighorn Basin that agrees with industry-derived basement depth information. Our estimates of thickness in the Powder River Basin do not match industry estimates in certain areas, likely due to localized high-velocity features that are not included in our models. Thus, with a few cautions, it is clear that high-density single-component passive arrays can provide valuable constraints on basinal geometries, and could be especially useful where basinal geometry is poorly known.
RETENTION OF OSTEOGENIC CD14–MONOCYTES WITHIN THE CORONARY CIRCULATION CORRELATES WITH CORONARY CALCIFICATION

Myeloid calcifying cells (from monocyte/macrophage linage expressing Osteocalcin [OCN+]) were found to play a major role in diabetic carotid atherosclerosis. We hypothesized a link between CD14+/OCN+–cells and degree of coronary calcification using virtual histology–intravascular ultrasound (VH
Grassroots environmentalism and strategies for social change

(1995). Grassroots environmentalism and strategies for social change. New Political Science: Vol. 16, Ecology, pp. 1-24.
A reliable body condition scoring technique for estimating condition in African buffalo

Evaluating animal body condition is a necessary component of many ecological studies. Although many methods for assessing animal body condition have been developed, relatively few can be used for estimating condition on live animals. Noninvasive body condition scoring techniques have been developed for assessing condition in livestock and more recently such techniques have been applied to wild ungulates. In this study, we examined the reliability of a body condition scoring technique for assessing condition in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer). We compared a body condition score (BCS) based on visual assessment and manual palpation of an animal’s body to two standard metrics of condition widely used in mammals: kidney fat index (KFI) and haematocrit (HCT). Across all buffalo, BCS was significantly and positively correlated with both KFI and HCT. For HCT, this pattern was observed among adults, juveniles, males and females; and in the wet season but not in the dry season. For KFI, BCS was significantly and positively correlated with KFI among adults, juveniles and males, but not in females. Overall, our results suggest that the BCS technique can serve as a useful method for estimating body condition in buffalo. Resume L’evaluation de la condition corporelle d’un animal est une composante necessaire de nombreuses etudes ecologiques. Bien que l’on ait mis au point de nombreuses methodes pour realiser cette evaluation, relativement peu peuvent servir a estimer la condition d’animaux vivants. Des techniques noninvasives ont ete developpees pour evaluer la condition physique chez le betail et, plus recemment, de telles techniques ont aussi ete appliquees aux animaux sauvages. Dans cette etude, nous avons examine la fiabilite d’une technique d’evaluation de la condition physique concue pour etudier celle du buffle africain (Syncerus caffer caffer). Nous avons compare un indice de condition corporelle (Body condition score – BCS) base sur une evaluation visuelle et la palpation manuelle du corps d’un animal a deux indicateurs standards de condition largement utilises chez les mammiferes: l’indice graisseux des reins (Kidney fat index – KFI) et l’hematocrite (HTC). Chez tous les buffles, le BCS etait significativement et positivement lie avec le KFI et le HTC. Pour le HTC, ce schema tenait pour les adultes et les juveniles, mâles et femelles; et en saison des pluies mais pas en saison seche. En ce qui concerne le KFI, le BCS lui etait significativement et positivement lie chez les adultes, les juveniles et les mâles, mais pas les femelles. En general, nos resultats suggerent que la technique de BCS peut etre une methode utile pour evaluer la condition corporelle des buffles.
Measurement of the self-broadening rate coefficients of the cesium resonance lines

Abstract The self-broadening rate coefficients of the cesium D 1 [6 2 S 1 2 − 6 2 P 1 2 ] and D 2 [6 2 S 1 2 − 6 2 P 3 2 ] resonance lines are determined from the 6 2 P 1 2 → 6 2 D 3 2 , 6 2 P 3 2 → 7 2 D 3 2 and 6 2 P 3 2 → 7 2 D 5 2 transition lineshapes, which are mapped out using single-mode cw lasers. The self-broadening rates are found from Voigt function fits (including hyperfine structure) to the experimental lineshapes. Our measured D1 and D2 broadening coefficients, kbr(D1) = (5.7 ± 1.0) × 10−7 cm3 sec−1 and kbr(D2) = (6.7 ± 1.1) × 10−7 cm3 sec−1, are compared to previous experimental and theoretical values in the literature. The present D2 broadening coefficient is smaller, and the D1 broadening coefficient is larger, than theoretical values.
Extensile approach to the anterolateral surface of the humerus and the radial nerve.

Abstract A proposed approach to the anterolateral surface of the humeral shaft that would allow for exploration of the radial nerve was studied in 30 cadaver arms. The incision starts proximally along the posterior border of the deltoid muscle and extends anteriorly and distally over the lateral border of the biceps muscle. A deep dissection is made in the internervous plane between the deltoid and the triceps muscles proximally and between the longitudinally split fibers of the brachialis muscle distally. The approach provides access to the anterolateral surface of the humerus up to the level of the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral vessels. The insertion of the deltoid muscle into the anterior border of the humerus is preserved and the radial nerve is protected by the triceps muscle proximally and by the retracted lateral protion of the brachialis muscle distally. The entire course of the radial nerve in the arm can be exposed. Proximally, the radial nerve can be exposed by elevating the lateral head of the triceps muscle from the humerus. Distally, the radial nerve can be exposed between the brachioradialis and the brachialis muscles. A plate can be applied on the anterolateral surface of the humerus without having to elevate the firmly attached anterior deltoid insertion.