cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reply to Comment on “Spectator Ions ARE Important! A Kinetic Study of the Copper−Aluminum Displacement Reaction”

This letter to the editor responds to a comment on how spectator ions should be most accurately defined.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus productively infects monocyte-derived dendritic cells and compromises their antigen-presenting ability

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in inducing primary antigen-specific immune responses. However, some viruses have evolved to specifically target DC to circumvent the host's immune responses for their persistence in the host. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a persistent infection in susceptible animals. Although it is generally believed that the existence of PRRSV quasispecies is partly responsible for the virus persistence, other mechanisms of immune evasion or immune suppression may also exist. Here, we studied the role of DC in PRRSV persistence and immune suppression. Our results showed that PRRSV underwent a productive replication in pig monocyte-derived DC (Mo-DC) as measured by both immunofluorescence staining of viral nucleocapsid protein and virus titration assays, leading to cell death via both apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms. Additionally, PRRSV infection of Mo-DC resulted in reduced expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD14 and CD11b/c. This was in agreement with the impaired mixed lymphocyte reaction of PRRSV-infected Mo-DC compared to that of mock-infected Mo-DC. We also examined the cytokine profiles of PRRSV-infected Mo-DC using a quantitative ELISA method. Results indicated that no apparent change in the levels of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma was detected. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PRRSV productively infects Mo-DC and impairs the normal antigen presentation ability of Mo-DC by inducing cell death, down-regulating the expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD11b/c and CD14 and by inducing minimal Th1 cytokines.
The Contribution of an Inter-disciplinary Approach to Studying Development

This article argues in favour of establishing complementary relations between different disciplines of studying development in order to reach the desired goal of human development. It also emphasises that due to separate line of actions of different sectors of social sciences, human development goals are far- reaching. Every discipline has significant contribution in the development policy discourse. However, interdependence of sociological, anthropological and economic factors that dominates the societal conduct cannot be undermined.On the other hand, every discipline has its limitations and integration is not easy to enforce owing to different epistemological foundations of methods of research. Therefore, collaborative approach is being suggested to share the same platform where every discipline has its say rather than imposing unlimited criticism on one another. Restructuring the developmental discourse framework is proposed in a more coherent fashion for better outcomes. The interdisciplinary research...
Erythema Multiforme Minor after Ibuprofen use for Menstrual Pain

A 20-year-old healthy white female presents to the emergency department for 2day history of rash that started on the vermilion border of the lips and arms (Fig. 1) which eventually spread to her chest, abdomen, back, and legs. She also has lesions on her palms and soles. The cutaneous lesions are symmetrically distributed and consist of 3 zones: a central erythematous papule, an intermediate edematous ring, and a violaceous periphery. The oral mucosal lesions consist of a fewminor areas of hemorrhagic crusting. She takes ibuprofen as needed for menstrual cramps. Patient recalls taking ibuprofen for 3 consecutive days for menstrual complaints prior to the onset of the oral and skin lesions. The oral lesions are painful and the skin lesions are occasionally itchy. She otherwise feels well and denies fever/chills, shortness of breath, or cough. She denies history of herpes simplex virus or other past medical history. An urgent dermatology consultation is ordered and the patient is diagnosed with erythema multiforme.
Dissipative resistance against changes in the mass asymmetry degree of freedom in nuclear dynamics: The completed wall-and-window formula

Abstract The wall-and-window formula, describing the macroscopic energy dissipation for two nuclei in relative motion, is generalized to include the dissipation associated with a time rate of change of the mass asymmetry degree of freedom. The additional term is crucial for the possibility of understanding the existence of deep-inelastic nuclear reactions.
On C00-contractions with dominating spectrum

Abstract This paper concerns the structure of the predual of certain singly generated operator algebras. It is shown that if T acts on a finite dimensional space then in the predual of the algebra generated by T and the identity convex combinations of point evaluations can be written in the form [x ⊗ x] for some x. Second, it is shown that if T is a C00-contraction whose spectrum intersected with the unit disc is dominating then T belongs to the class A ℵ0.
Magnetocohesion of nanowires

The cohesive force and electronic conductance in nanowires modeled by soft- and hard-wall confining potentials, under the influence of a magnetic field (magnetocohesion) and in the linear and nonlinear (finite applied voltage) regimes, are studied. The appearance of force oscillations as a function of the magnetic field and their correlation with the corresponding characteristics of the electronic conductance are demonstrated. For materials with a strong Fermi-surface anisotropy (e.g., bismuth), it is predicted that when the crystallographic axis associated with the largest diagonal element of the effective-mass tensor is aligned along the direction of the wire, the cohesive force increases dramatically (by an order of magnitude) compared to the case when that axis is perpendicular to the wire direction.
ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS OF INTER- AND INTRABAND TRANSITIONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS : IMPLICATIONS FOR QUANTUM-DOT LASERS

Application of femtosecond transient absorption in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges and time-resolved photoluminescence allows us to separate electron and hole relaxation paths and to map the structure of interband and intraband optical transitions in CdSe and CdS nanocrystals (NC's) with a wide range of surface properties. In contrast to electron relaxation, which is controlled by NC surface passivation, depopulation of hole quantized states is extremely fast (sub-ps-to-ps time scales) in all types samples, independent of NC surface treatment (including NC's overcoated with a ZnS layer). Our results suggest that ultrafast hole dynamics are not due to trapping at localized surface defects such as a vacancy, but rather arise from relaxation into intrinsic NC states or intrinsically unpassivated interface states.
Thermodynamics of perfect polymer fibers in tension: stress-induced enantiotropic phase transitions

Abstract The principles of the thermodynamic fusion theory [Smith Jr, KJ. Comp. Theor. Poly. Sci. 1997;7:139] are applied to solid–solid phase transitions affected by stress. Only perfect fibers of finite molecular weight polymers are considered. Transitions of one crystal form to another involves stretching work as well as that of constant force transition; the necessary equation is cast into an experimentally accessible form. Fiber volume and entropy are shown to pass through, respectively, a maximum and minimum as tensile force increases. Recovery of both the undeformed values is interpreted as the necessary criteria of phase transition under stress. The fundamental, Flory–Gee equation of phase equilibrium is integrated rigorously. Applications to actual fibers are deferred until sufficient empirical data is available.
NRCS GeoHydro-A GIS interface for hydrologic modeling

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has developed NRCS GeoHydro 9x, a new ArcGIS application, to complement the WinTR-20 application and assist USDA field staff, and other government, private, and foreign organizations. WinTR-20 is a storm event hydrologic model used to evaluate impacts of structural and land treatment measures. NRCS GeoHydro 9x, using geographic information systems (GIS) tools and techniques, performs hydrologic modeling on a drainage area to compute its catchments, drainage points, drainage lines, slope, runoff curve number, longest flow path, time of concentration (T"c), and cross-section details. The application acts as a GIS interface to WinTR-20 by exporting the results of GIS analyses of the drainage area in the input format of WinTR-20. NRCS GeoHydro 9x reinforces the idea that GIS tools and techniques enhance productivity by doing preliminary hydrologic analysis of the drainage area in an objective and accurate manner in a relatively short duration.
Generation of Deccan Trap magmas

Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare. Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO2; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces; (6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode.
Crystal structure of four-stranded Oxytricha telomeric DNA

The sequence d(GGGGTTTTGGGG) from the 3' overhang of the Oxytricha telomere has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure solved to 2.5 A resolution. The oligonucleotide forms hairpins, two of which join to make a four-stranded helical structure with the loops containing four thymine residues at either end. The guanine residues are held together by cyclic hydrogen bonding and an ion is located in the centre. The four guanine residues in each segment have a glycosyl conformation that alternates between anti and syn. There are two four-stranded molecules in the asymmetric unit showing that the structure has some intrinsic flexibility.
Max Weber's Generational Rebellion and Maturation*

POLITICS AND religion were Max Weber's dominant intellectual interests. They were awakened in his parents' home, where genuine faith and urbane secularism stood in unrelieved tension against one another. For young Weber the irreconcilability of the parents' values was a crucial formative experience. He learned early about the opposition between the pragmatic ethic of responsibility (Verantwortungsethik) and the absolutist ethic of sheer commitment (Gesinnungsethik). His eventual solution was to affirm secular pursuits while respecting religious convictions, and to advocate politics as the art of the possible while espousing rigorous standards of personal conduct. The present period of generational rebellion has drawn attention to the sociology and history of generational conflict. Currently, Weber is a major target as the patron saint of value-neutrality and hence a symbol of political irresponsibility. Therefore, his own generational revolt and maturation warrant closer scrutiny. His struggle for empirical sociology was part of the conflict between two political generations. Both generations agreed that partisanship and scholarship should be linked, but they fought over the appropriate forms of this relationship. I shall deal first with the ideological conflicts in Weber's "family of orientation"-alas, a family with mutually exclusive values. Then I shall treat Weber as spokesman of a new political generation. After contrasting his thinking with Nietzsche's, I shall turn to Weber's concern with Tolstoy and the two ethics, the central issue in his involved relations with the next political generation. I shall conclude with his attitude toward the youth movement and his advice to the young in the last years of his life. Since feminism has also become a renewed issue, I shall touch at various points on the feminist attitudes of Max Weber and his wife, Marianne. In dealing first with the family conflicts, I do not presume that a one-to-one relationship between Weber's personal experiences and his intellectual activities can be established. Such an assumption would denigrate the importance of historical events and of intellectual influences. It would be undue psychological reductionism to derive Weber's political views as a simple projection of his aggressive feelings toward the father. It is true that his filial challenge had a dramatic Oedipal outcome: Max senior died soon after a confrontation over the mother, a
Hésitation, déchiffrement, et le rôle de l’adolescente dans le récit fantastique de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle

This article examines the role of deciphering and hesitation in the reading of late 19th-century fantastic texts, especially as they relate to the role of the young woman in the texts. It is argued that parallels can be drawn between the male gaze upon the adolescent character and the gaze of the reader upon the fantastic text itself. The female adolescent character represents the ambiguous space between childhood and adulthood, an ambiguity that is often figured as androgyny. She also represents a certain threatened innocence. Works by Theophile Gautier and Henry James provide the basis for this analysis of the relationship between deciphering, hesitation and the female adolescent character in the fantastic text. They present characters who are themselves “reading” events occurring around them, and can refuse to see, misinterpret what they see, or willfully misread the signs around them. The characters are also themselves being “read,” both by other characters and by the reader of the text. It is finally the reader who must decide what he or she is seeing/reading, despite the often misleading or ambiguous information contained therein.
The Ion Channel Function of Mouse Chromogranin B

Chromogranins are known to play fundamentally important roles in the biogenesis, acidification and maturation as well as the regulated release of secretory granules in almost all endocrine cells. Elevated level of chromogranin A and B has been biomarkers for multiple different neuroendocrine tumors. The function of chromogranins in the regulated secretory pathway is conserved in the whole kingdom of eukaryote. Even though immuno-histochemical data and biochemical analysis have provided key evidence that these proteins are important for sorting of granule-specific cargos and for the generation of specific peptide hormones after processing and release of the granules, the exact function of the chromogranins besides being a low-affinity calcium binder and a potential interaction partner with the IP3R remains unclear. We are using mouse chromogranin B as our model system in order to understand some of the key functions of chromogranins. We did not detect strong direct interactions between chromogranin B and the type 1 IP3R. Instead we observed strong calcium-dependent aggregation of chromogranin B. When reconstituted in liposomes, chromogranin B formed pH and calcium-regulated conductance, and the channels appear to conduct F- and Cl- but not formate, acetate or citrate. Our biochemical data demonstrated that a short fragment close to the C-terminus of the protein is the only one capable of membrane binding. Our working model is that chromogranin B not only induces biogenesis of secretory granules, but its anionic conductance functions to support the continued acidification of the luminal side of the granules, which is critical for the proper processing of the cargos inside.
Radiation safety for industrial particle accelerators

Abstract A comprehensive radiation safety program for industrial particle accelerators is described. This program includes education and periodic review for operating and technical personnel, written comprehensive procedures, periodic equipment inspections, interlock redundancy, real and visible management support, and authority for the Radiation Safety Officer.
Formation of Oriented, Suspended Fibers by Melting Free Standing Polystyrene Thin Films

A new approach toward the fabrication of oriented, suspended fibers from the melting of free-standing polymer thin films is presented. Thin films (between 35 and 120 nm) cast via flow coating are melted atop lithographically patterned arrays of pillars to form suspended fibers (from ∼2 to 3 μm in diameter) between pillars. The effects of film thickness and pillar spacing on fiber diameter and yield are probed in a combinatorial fashion. A novel image analysis technique for the acquisition of fiber diameter across the multivariable parameter space is also outlined. This thin film melting approach details a new technique toward the fabrication of oriented, suspended micro and nanofiber networks with specific point to point connections in desired architectures.
Structure of colloids and macroionic solutions with soft, long-range interactions

The structure of strongly interacting, charged dispersions is examined using the Ornstein-Zernike integral-equation formalism with thermodynamic consistency conditions (i.e., with the so-called HMSA closure conditions). It is shown that for highly charged dispersions interacting through screened Coulombic (Yukawa) interactions this integral-equation approach predicts the static structure factorS(q) in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo results and that it is better than the rescaled mean-spherical approximation. The Sogaimi potential (which predicts Coulombic attraction under identical physicochemical conditions) is also considered here as a model potential for representing soft, long-ranged interactions with an attractive component. None of the integralequation formalisms, including the HMSA theory and the reference hypernetted-chain (RHNC) theory, leads to a sufficient level of thermodynamic consistency for the latter potential, and the results deviate noticeably from the Monte Carlo results. We further demonstrate that fitting the experimentally observed structure factors in the neighborhood and beyond the primary peak inS(q) could lead to inaccurate conclusions concerning the nature of interparticle forces, particularly in the case of soft, long-range interactions.
Extended “LMPHETS” Finite Element Models for Coupled Mechano-Electro-Chemical Transport in Soft Tissues

Soft tissues are hydrated fibrous materials that exhibit nonlinear material response and undergo finite straining during in vivo loading. A continuum model of these structures (“LMPHETS” [1,2]) is a porous solid matrix (with charges fixed to the solid fibers) saturated by a mobile fluid (water) and multiple species (e.g., three mobile species designated by α, β = p, m, b where p = +, m = −, and b = ± charge) dissolved in the mobile fluid. A “mixed” LMPHETS theory and finite element models (FEMs) were presented [1] in which the “primary fields” are the displacements, ui = xi − Xi and the mechano-electro-chemical potentials, νξ* (ξ, η = f, e, m, b) that are continuous across material interfaces. “Secondary fields” (discontinuous at material boundaries) are mechanical fluid pressure, pf ; electrical potential, μe ; and concentration or “molarity”, cα = dnα / dVf . Here an extended version of these models is described and numerical results are presented for representative test problems associated with transport in soft tissues.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A Peculiarly Cerebroid Convex Zygo-Dodecahedron is an Axiomatically Balanced “House of Blues”: The Circle of Fifths to the Circle of Willis to Cadherin Cadenzas

A bilaterally symmetrical convex dodecahedron consisting of twelve quadrilateral faces is derived from the icosahedron via a process akin to Fuller’s Jitterbug Transformation. The unusual zygomorphic dodecahedron so obtained is shown to harbor a bilaterally symmetrical jazz/blues harmonic code on its twelve faces that is related to such fundamental music theoretical constructs as the Circle of Fifths and Euler’s tonnetz. Curiously, the patterning within the aforementioned zygo-dodecahedron is discernibly similar to that observed in a ventral view of the human brain. Moreover, this same pattern is arguably evident during development of the embryonic pharynx. A possible role for the featured zygo-dodecahedron in cephalogenesis is considered. Recent studies concerning type II cadherins, an important class of proteins that promote cell adhesion, have generated data that is demonstrated to conform to this zygo-dodecahedral brain model in a substantially congruous manner.
The Discursive Demolition of the Asian Development Model

I demonstrate the constitutive effects of discursive strategies and explore the discursive conditions in which changing ideas generate these effects. I perform an extensive analysis of the discursive strategies generated by three key actors in the Asian financial crisis. I argue that all three, U.S. Treasury, the International Monetary Fund, and the Kim Dae-jung South Korean administration, represented key practices associated with the Asian model as “cronyism” and as “corruption,” thereby normatively delegitimating these practices, thereby effecting the demise of the Asian model of development in Korea. I argue that these discursive practices generate narrative structures that have a constitutive effect on the subsequent discursive and economic practices of actors. The manner in which the narratives represent “causes” of the crisis constitute and reconstitute the social meanings by which past and current social and economic practices are legitimated or de-legitimated. The structures constituted by these social meanings re-create and reconstitute the present and future conditions for strategic action. I conclude with a demonstration of how these narratives institutionalize the discourses they construct through changes in Korean state and commercial institutions.
Self‐Esteem and Extrinsic Career Success: Test of a Dynamic Model

It has been proposed that one’s self-esteem is both a cause and a consequence of one’s extrinsic career success, but empirical research examining the direction of these effects is lacking. We tested a model which examines the relationships among self-esteem, education, occupational prestige, and income over a span of seven years during early careers. We use social identity theory to propose that self-esteem will be affected by extrinsic career success, and self-consistency theory to propose that extrinsic career success will be affected by self-esteem. Our results, based on a cross-lagged regression design, suggest that self-esteem increases occupational prestige ( β = .22), and income ( β = .22), but career outcomes did not alter self-esteem. Implications of these results for the study of self-esteem and careers are explored. Que l’estime de soi d’une personne soit a la fois une cause et une consequence de son succes externe en termes de carriere est etabli, mais les recherches empiriques examinant la direction de ces effets manquent. Nous testons un modele examinant les relations entre l’estime de soi, l’education, le prestige professionnel et le revenu sur une duree de 7 ans a partir du debut de carriere. Nous nous referons a la theorie de l’identite sociale pour montrer que l’estime de soi est affectee par un succes externe intervenant dans la carriere, et la theorie de consistance de soi pour montrer que ce succes externe est affecte par l’estime de soi. Nos resultats, bases sur une analyse de regression croisee, montrent que l’estime de soi accroit le prestige professionnel (b = .22) et les revenus (b = .22), mais les resultats relatifs a la carriere n’affectent pas l’estime de soi. Les implications de ces resultats pour l’etude de l’estime de soi et de la carriere sont explorees.
Thermopower and resistivity of amorphous and crystalline NiP

Data are presented for the thermopower and electrical resistivity of amorphous and crystalline ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{76}$${\mathrm{P}}_{24}$. Mean-free-path effects are large in the electrical resistivity but appear to be less significant in the thermopower. The diffraction model, modified to include the Pippard-Ziman constraint on the electronphonon interaction, is used to derive an expression for the thermopower in high-resistivity systems. The data on the amorphous phase are consistent with this modified diffraction model. The $s\ensuremath{-}d$ model predictions, in contrast, are an order of magnitude too large and of the wrong sign.
Competitive Interactions Between Tipton and Heermann's Kangaroo Rats in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Abstract We studied competition between the federally endangered Tipton kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) and the larger Heermann's kangaroo rat (D. heermanni) at a site in the San Joaquin Valley, California, where D. n. nitratoides had been translocated 4 years earlier. We found that five D. heermanni had smaller home ranges than did four D. n. nitratoides inside a fenced area of exclusion. Behavioral observations suggested that D. n. nitratoides avoided D. heermanni. After we removed D. heermanni from the area of exclusion, numbers of D. n. nitratoides increased 500% in 12 months, whereas numbers at a control site with D. heermanni were low and trending downward. We suggest that if translocations continue to be used to conserve D. n. nitratoides, it may be important to limit numbers of D. heermanni until D. n. nitratoides are well established.
Optimization of Inkjet-Printed 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene Using Photolithography-Defined Structures

In this work, the performance of inkjet-printed 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene)-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) was studied under various printing conditions using photolithography-defined test structures. OTFTs were printed from TIPS-pentacene solutions with several concentrations, and the impact of printing temperature as well as the amount of material printed was studied. A hybrid approach that includes wells defined by a photolithography process and printed TIPS solution is demonstrated. The results show that the mobility of the printed OTFTs increases with increasing solution concentration, with a maximum mobility for concentration of 50 mg/mL and substrate temperature of 50°C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of the thin-film phase for all of the TIPS concentrations, with strong and sharp preferential orientation along the (001) direction without any disruption in molecular packing with increasing TIPS thickness. Optimized OTFTs fabricated with this technique show mobilities of 5 × 10−2 cm2/V-s, threshold voltages (VT) in the range of −5 V, and subthreshold slopes of approximately 0.5 V/dec. On–off current ratios up to 106 were also achieved.
Binding of adenine and adenine-related compounds to the clay montmorillonite and the mineral hydroxylapatite.

The first living things may have consisted of no more than RNA or RNA-like molecules bound to the surfaces of mineral particles. A key aspect of this theory is that these mineral particles have binding sites for RNA and its prebiotic precursors. The object of this study is to explore the binding properties of two of the best studied minerals, montmorillonite and hydroxylapatite, for possible precursors of RNA. The list of compounds investigated includes purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleotide coenzymes, diaminomaleonitrile and aminoimidazole carbox-amide. Affinities for hydroxylapatite are dominated by ionic interactions between negatively charged small molecules and positively charged sites in the mineral. Binding to montmorillonite presents a more complex picture. These clay particles have a high affinity for organic ring structures which is augmented if they are positively charged. This binding probably takes place on the negatively charged faces of these sheet-like clay particles. Additional binding sites on the edges of of these sheets have a moderate affinity for negatively charged molecules.
On Fixed-Path Variable-Bandwidth Scheduling in High-Performance Networks

Many extreme-scale scientific applications are distributed in nature and oftentimes need to move vast amounts of data between multiple locations for various remote operations. Such applications require fast and reliable data transfer services with guaranteed finish time, which can be realized by making bandwidth reservation for dedicated channel provisioning in high-performance networks. From an individual perspective, a user always wishes to achieve the earliest finish time for a given data transfer request that typically specifies the maximum Local Area Network (LAN) bandwidth constraint, the data size, data available time, and the deadline. From a global perspective, the network service provider would attempt to serve as many users' bandwidth reservation requests (BRRs) as possible to maximize the overall network resource utilization and throughput. As for the high-performance network consuming vast amounts energy and network resources, the network service provider would also want to process BRRs efficiently to save energy, network resource and the network maintenance cost. These goals are potentially conflictive and require a careful design of the bandwidth reservation and scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we focus on one particular type of scheduling problem under the constraint of fixed path and varying bandwidth (FPVB), which has been proven to be NP-complete in the literature. We develop two heuristic algorithms, namely Least Available Bandwidth of Edge (LABE) and Largest Available Bandwidth of Path (LABP), to solve this problem and conduct simulation-based performance evaluation. The extensive simulation results illustrate the superiority of these proposed algorithms in terms of execution time, success ratio, and average data transfer completion time of BRRs in comparison with two existing scheduling algorithms.
Uniqueness of holomorphic curves into abelian varieties

In this paper, we first give a slight improvement of Yamanoi's truncated second main theorem for holomorphic maps into abelian varieties. We then use the result to study the uniqueness problem for such maps. The results obtained generalize and improve E. M. Schmid's uniqueness theorem for holomorphic maps into elliptic curves. In the last section, we consider algebraic dependence for a finite collection of holomorphic curves into an abelian variety.
Transient axisymmetric response of a conical shell frustum

Abstract This paper is concerned with the transient response of a homogeneous, hollow, conical frustum loaded by an axisymmetric, time dependent, lateral pressure. Mode shapes and eigenvalues, calculated in the free vibration analysis, are used in a modal solution for the transverse displacement, stress resultants, stress couple resultants and meridional stresses of the forced vibration problem. Numerical results are presented for a fully clamped frustum subjected to an instantaneous, impulsive loading.
Design, Construction, and Testing of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Vehicle

We have designed, built and tested a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle. The vehicle was constructed to specifications set forth for an international competition, which challenges high schools and universities to build and test energy efficient vehicles. We use a commercially available polymer exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system with a maximum output of 1.2 kW (1.6HP). The three-wheeled vehicle has a welded frame design utilizing aluminum square tubular components, an Ackermann steering system and an aerodynamically efficient hand-molded fiberglass body. A hub motor/controller powers the single rear wheel. Vehicle performance was determined in the laboratory. Performance curves for fuel consumption, torque and efficiency are presented. The vehicle successfully competed in the hydrogen fuel cell division of the competition.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Creating a Tenuous Balance: Siblings’ Experience of a Brother’s or Sister’s Childhood Cancer Diagnosis

More than 14,000 children are diagnosed with cancer in the United States each year. Prolonged, intensive treatment protocols disrupt the entire family, including siblings. Here, we employed grounded theory methodology to examine the experiences of 30 nonbereaved adolescent siblings of children receiving cancer treatment. The central organizing theme of the emergent data is "creating a tenuous balance." Contributing themes include (a) knowing something is seriously wrong, (b) figuring out the meaning of cancer, (c) adapting to changes in personal and family life, and (d) handling emotional reactions to cancer. Overall, findings suggest an ongoing, active process by which siblings notice and adapt to the many unexpected and taxing aspects of their brother's or sister's cancer diagnosis and treatment, including shifts in how the family system operates. Findings highlight the important role of siblings in family-centered cancer care. Future, larger scale research should develop targeted interventions for these siblings.
Third-trimester ultrasound for nurse-midwives

Obstetric ultrasound has become well integrated into management of pregnancy, labor, and delivery. An increasing number of nurse-midwives have expanded their roles to include the use of this technology. This article reviews the basic principles of ultrasound physics, the content of ultrasound examinations, and the performance of basic scans. The uses of limited scans for third-trimester antepartum assessment and intrapartum management are reviewed. Issues surrounding the use of obstetric ultrasound, including limited scans, routine ultrasound screening, and necessary education, are discussed. Information on incorporating the use of ultrasound procedures into nurse-midwifery practice is included.
Metamorphism within the Çokkul synform: evidence for detachment faulting within the metamorphic infrastructure of the Norwegian Caledonides (67°30′N)

Within the Cokkul synform, Caledonian metamorphic rocks of the Middle Koli Nappe Complex (MKNC) are in low-angle fault contact with the basement mylonites derived from the Precambrian Tysfjord granite-gneiss. In the synform, the MKNC is composed of four fault-bounded nappes each of which has a distinct tectonic stratigraphy composed of amphibolite-facies metamorphosed pelitic and psammitic schists with minor lensoidal bodies of mafic and ultramafic rocks. Pelitic rocks from the three structurally lowest nappes contain the low-variance AFM mineral assemblages gar + bio + staur and staur + ky + bio with mu + qtz + ilm, whereas staur and ky are absent from the highest nappe, the Kallakvare nappe. AFM mineral assemblages in the three lowest nappes indicate peak metamorphic temperatures of 610–660°C and peak pressures in excess of 600 MPa. Mineral assemblages from the Kallakvare nappe are not as diagnostic of metamorphic grade. However, rocks from that nappe contain coexisting plagioclases from both sides of the peristerite gap, suggesting lower-grade peak P–T conditions than those of the structurally lower nappes. In addition, biotite from the lower nappes is more Ti-rich than biotite from the Kallakvare nappe. However, gar–bio–mu–plag and gar–bio–ky–plag–qtz thermobarometry suggests that all four nappes equilibrated at approximately 525 ± 25°C and 700 ± 100 MPa. Gibbs method thermodynamic modelling of garnet zoning profiles suggests that the lower three nappes followed clockwise P–T paths that involved heating and compression to a metamorphic peak of approximately 575–625°C, 800 MPa followed by cooling and decompression to 525°C, 700 MPa. P–T paths calculated for the Kallakvare nappe show decompression and minor heating to a peak T of 500–525°C. In the lower nappes, staur and ky grew during the heating phase not seen by the highest nappe. The outer parts of the paths from all four nappes are approximately parallel, possibly recording the emplacement of the Kallakvare nappe onto the already stacked lower three nappes at some time following the metamorphic peak. These P–T paths suggest that the sole fault of the Kallakvare nappe is a normal fault. Garnet zonation thus appears to record a previously unrecognized phase of uplift and tectonic thinning of the MKNC. This event appears to be restricted to the MKNC and to have occurred prior to the emplacement of the MKNC onto the Tysfjord granite-gneiss basement of Baltoscandia under greenschist-facies conditions. It may have been responsible for the uplift and cooling of the MKNC from 25–30 km amphibolite-facies conditions prior to its emplacement onto Baltoscandia under 15–20 km greenschist-facies conditions. The deformation zone associated with this normal fault is relatively narrow, generally less than 1 m thick. If this is typical of other detachment faults in the metamorphic infrastructure of the Scandinavian Caledonides, they may be relatively common, but not often recognized due to the detailed study needed to document them.
3‐(1‐imidazoyl)‐6‐methoxy‐2‐benzoxazolinone. A byproduct of the synthesis of 6‐MBOA With 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole

Previously unknown 3-(1-imidazolyl)-6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone was isolated as a byproduct of the synthesis of reproductive-stimulant 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole. Concomitant with byproduct formation was a 34% reduction in the yield of the desired 6-MBOA. A brief discussion of the formation of this byproduct and maximization of the yield of 6-MBOA is included.
Interleukin-8-mediated Heterologous Receptor Internalization Provides Resistance to HIV-1 Infectivity: ROLE OF SIGNAL STRENGTH AND RECEPTOR DESENSITIZATION *

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into CD4(+) cells requires the chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 as co-fusion receptors. We have previously demonstrated that chemokine receptors are capable of cross-regulating the functions of each other and, thus, affecting cellular responsiveness at the site of infection. To investigate the effects of chemokine receptor cross-regulation in HIV-1 infection, monocytes and MAGIC5 and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell lines co-expressing the interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) receptor CXCR1 and either CCR5 (ACCR5) or CXCR4 (ACXCR4) were generated. IL-8 activation of CXCR1, but not the IL-8 receptor CXCR2, cross-phosphorylated CCR5 and CXCR4 and cross-desensitized their responsiveness to RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) (CCL5) and stromal derived factor (SDF-1 or CXCL12), respectively. CXCR1 activation internalized CCR5 but not CXCR4 despite cross-phosphorylation of both. IL-8 pretreatment also inhibited CCR5- but not CXCR4-mediated virus entry into MAGIC5 cells. A tail-deleted mutant of CXCR1, DeltaCXCR1, produced greater signals upon activation (Ca(2+) mobilization and phosphoinositide hydrolysis) and cross-internalized CXCR4, inhibiting HIV-1 entry. The protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine prevented phosphorylation and internalization of the receptors by CXCR1 activation. Taken together, these results indicate that chemokine receptor-mediated HIV-1 cell infection is blocked by receptor internalization but not desensitization alone. Thus, activation of chemokine receptors unrelated to CCR5 and CXCR4 may play a cross-regulatory role in the infection and propagation of HIV-1. Since DeltaCXCR1, but not CXCR1, cross-internalized and cross-inhibited HIV-1 infection to CXCR4, the data indicate the importance of the signal strength of a receptor and, as a consequence, protein kinase C activation in the suppression of HIV-1 infection by cross-receptor-mediated internalization.
Hyperostosis with hyperphosphatemia and tumoral calcinosis: a case report

The combination of hyperostosis and hyperphosphatemia is very rare. In this case report, we present a boy with a combination of diffuse hyperostosis and hyperphosphatemia. We evaluated most possible known causes of hyperphosphatemia and hyperostosis. He had normal renal function and serum parathormone level. Concerning some few similar cases, most of them from Middle Eastern countries, we present this combination (diffuse hyperostosis and hyperphosphatemia) as a new syndrome to be discussed in pediatric textbooks.
The Ordrat - Ordnance Dial Reader and Translator

The Ordnance Dial Reader and Translator is an electronic data reduction machine designed specifically for the purpose of automatically reading the azimuth and elevation dial images of cinetheodolite films as produced in ballistic measurements of guided missile test flights. The data is applied to the machine in the form of 35 mm film records which may be either the double frame or single frame type. The machine handles double frame records at the rate of 10 dial images per second and the single frame records at the rate of 20 images per second. The time code, the degree values and the vernier readings of the dials are processed through the machine, translated into digital form and recorded on six channels of a standard digital computer tape. The magnetic tape is prepared in such a form as to be immediately applied to a digital computer of the type ERA-1103. Preparation of films for automatic reading requires only a minor modification of the theodolites. It is necessary to replace the existing glass circles and reticle plates with coded units especially engraved for automatic reading. The performance of the machine in digitizing the vernier reading is equivalent to that achieved by visual readers, the three sigma spread being approximately ±6 seconds of arc in reading the half degree intervals.
Some remarks on allocatory and separatory linear discrimination

Abstract A random vector originates from one of r known normal populations having a common covariance matrix. We wish to reduce the dimension of the vector by means of a linear map from the original space down to a space of lower dimension while keeping the populations as separate as possible. The commonly used linear maps which are optimal for a class of measures of separation may be very poor in terms of a different criterion: the probability of correct classification calculated with no prior information about the population of origin.
Influence of dihydrotestosterone on sex determination in channel catfish and blue catfish: Period of developmental sensitivity

Treatment of channel catfish with 0.2, 20, or 200 mg/liter of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the water during the egg stage or during egg and sac-fry stages did not alter the expected 1:1 sex ratio of the progeny. Feeding DHT at 200 mg/kg of feed for the first 21 days after yolk sac absorption resulted in 80% females; this proportion was increased by combining feeding with treatment of 200 mg DHT/liter in the sac-fry stage (90%) or in the egg and sac-fry stage (97%). In contrast, treatment of blue catfish sac-fry with 200 mg DHT/liter, with or without the combination of feeding DHT at 200 mg/kg food, resulted in 100% female populations. Neither clomiphene citrate, an estrogen-receptor blocking agent, nor clofibrate, an inhibitor of hepatic synthesis of cholesterol, affected the sex ratio of channel catfish, and neither of these compounds altered the feminizing effect of 200 mg DHT/kg when fed in combination with DHT. The nonaromatizable androgen DHT is not as effective as many other androgens in producing paradoxical female populations of channel catfish. However, feminization of blue catfish by treatment of sac-fry indicates that this species is more susceptible to hormonal manipulation and that the period of sex determination may occur earlier in development than in channel catfish.
Disaster-related injuries in the period of recovery: the effect of prolonged displacement on risk of injury in older adults.

BACKGROUND:: Hurricane Katrina, which struck the Gulf Coast of the United States in August 2005, initially displaced over a million people from their primary place of residence. Displaced older adults subsequently faced challenges, such as new or inferior living conditions, which could increase vulnerability to serious or life-threatening injuries such as hip fracture. The aim of this study was to determine whether Katrina victims who were displaced for a prolonged period of time were more likely to experience injuries than nondisplaced victims. METHODS:: We tracked injury outcomes including fractures, sprains or strains, and lacerations in a cohort of 25,019 older adults (age >/= 65 years) enrolled in a Medicare-Advantage Plan, for 1 year after Katrina. We used medical claims to obtain injury outcomes and analyzed propensity-score adjusted predictors of injury, including displacement status at 12 months. RESULTS:: In our sample, 7,030 (28%) older adults were displaced at 12-month post-Katrina. Displaced victims had 1.53 (95% CI: 1.10-2.13) greater odds of sustaining a hip fracture in the year after the storm and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.07-1.44) greater odds of sustaining other fractures after adjusting for other risk factors. There was no significant association between displacement status at 12 months and sprains or strains or lacerations. CONCLUSIONS:: Prolonged displacement is associated with increased risk of fracture in older adults. Emergency planners should screen temporary housing for injury hazards, and clinicians should regard displaced older adults as a vulnerable population in need of interventions such as risk communication messaging. Language: en
DETECTION OF Ca2+-DEPENDENT NEURONAL ACTIVITY SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH DYNAMIC CHANGES IN CEREBRAL BLOOD VOLUME AND TISSUE OXYGENATION FROM THE LIVE RAT BRAIN

We present a catheter-based optical diffusion and fluorescence (ODF) probe to study the functional changes of the brain in vivo. This ODF probe enables the simultaneous detection of the multi-wavelength absorbance and fluorescence emission from the living rat brain. Our previous studies, including a transient stroke experiment of the rat brain as well as the brain response to cocaine, have established the feasibility of simultaneously determining changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), tissue oxygenation (StO2) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i, using the fluorescence indicator Rhod2). Here, we present our preliminary results of somatosensory response to electrical forepaw stimulation obtained from the rat cortical brain by using the ODF probe, which indicate that the probe could track brain activation by directly detecting [Ca2+]i along with separately distinguishing CBV and StO2 in real time. The changes of CBV, StO2 and [Ca2+]i are comparable with the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to the stimulation obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the high temporal resolution of the optical methodology is advanced, thus providing a new modality for brain functional studies to understand the hemodynamic changes that underlie the neuronal activity.
Preventive Resin Restorations: Three-Year Results

As healthy tooth structure is preserved by conservative cavity preparation and secondary caries does not usually occur, preventive resin restorations are indicated for treatment of minimally or questionably carious young permanent molars.