cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dominant-Negative Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Recombinant CJ83193 Can Serve as an Effective Vaccine against Wild-Type HSV-1 Infection in Mice

By selectively regulating the expression of the trans-dominant-negative mutant polypeptide UL9-C535C, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein UL9 with the tetracycline repressor (tetR)-mediated gene switch, we recently generated a novel replication-defective and anti-HSV-specific HSV-1 recombinant, CJ83193. The UL9-C535C peptides expressed by CJ83193 can function as a potent intracellular therapy against its own replication, as well as the replication of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2 in coinfected cells. In this report, we demonstrate that CJ83193 cannot initiate acute productive infection in corneas of infected mice nor can it reactivate from trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected by CJ83193 in a mouse ocular model. Given that CJ83193 is capable of expressing the viral α, β, and γ1 genes but little or no γ2 genes, we tested the vaccine potential of CJ83193 against HSV-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. Our studies showed that immunization with CJ83193 significantly reduced the yields of challenge HSV in the eyes and trigeminal ganglia on days 3, 5, and 7 postchallenge. Like in mice immunized with the wild-type HSV-1 strain KOS, immunization of mice with CJ83193 prevents the development of keratitis and encephalitis induced by corneal challenge with wild-type HSV-1 strain mP. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) assays demonstrate that CJ83193 can elicit durable cell-mediated immunity at the same level as that of wild-type HSV-1 and is more effective than that induced by d27, an HSV-1 ICP27 deletion mutant. Moreover, mice immunized with CJ83193 developed strong, durable HSV-1-neutralizing antibodies at levels at least twofold higher than those induced by d27. The results presented in this report have shed new light on the development of effective HSV viral vaccines that encode a unique safety mechanism capable of inhibiting the mutant's own replication and that of wild-type virus.
Late Quaternary sedimentological and climate changes at Lake Bosumtwi Ghana: New constraints from laminae analysis and radiocarbon age modeling

Abstract The Lake Bosumtwi sediment record represents one of the longest and highest-resolution terrestrial records of paleoclimate change available from sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report a new sediment age model framework for the last ~ 45 cal kyr of sedimentation using a combination of high-resolution radiocarbon dating, Bayesian age-depth modeling and lamination counting. Our results highlight the practical limits of these methods for reducing age model uncertainties and suggest that even with very high sampling densities, radiocarbon uncertainties of at least a few hundred years are unavoidable. Age model uncertainties are smallest during the Holocene (205 yr) and the glacial (360 yr) but are large at the base of the record (1660 yr), due to a combination of decreasing sample density, larger calibration uncertainties and increases in radiocarbon age scatter. For portions of the chronology older than ~ 35 cal kyr, additional considerations, such as the use of a low-blank graphitization system and more rigorous sample pretreatment were necessary to generate a reliable age depth model because of the incorporation of small amounts of younger carbon. A comparison of radiocarbon age model results and lamination counts over the time interval ~ 15–30 cal kyr agree with an overall discrepancy of ~ 10% and display similar changes in sedimentation rate, supporting the annual nature of sediment laminations in the early part of the record. Changes in sedimentation rates reconstructed from the age-depth model indicate that intervals of enhanced sediment delivery occurred at 16–19, 24 and 29–31 cal kyr, broadly synchronous with reconstructed drought episodes elsewhere in northern West Africa and potentially, with changes in Atlantic meridional heat transport during North Atlantic Heinrich events. These data suggest that millennial-scale drought events in the West African monsoon region were latitudinally extensive, reaching within several hundred kilometers of the Guinea coast. This is inconsistent with a simple southward shift in the mean position of the monsoon rainbelt, and requires changes in moisture convergence as a result of either a reduction in the moisture content of the tropical rainbelt, decreased convection, or both.
A Simple Model of the Millimeter-Wave Scattering Parameters of Randomly Oriented Aggregates of Finite Cylindrical Ice Hydrometeors

Spaceborne millimeter-wave radiometric measurements offer the potential to observe snowfall at high latitudes. A spaceborne W-band cloud radar on CloudSat has been able to observe snow. There is thus a need for a relatively simple representation of millimeter-wave scattering parameters of snow that can be incorporated into algorithms to retrieve snowfall from remotely sensed millimeter-wave brightness temperature measurements and for computing the millimeter-wave backscatter phase function of randomly oriented aggregates of ice prisms or columns. The extinction coefficients, asymmetry factors, and backscatter phase functions describing scattering by randomly oriented aggregates of elongated cylinders were computed from the discrete dipole approximation. These parameters were also computed by means of a T-matrix model applied to single blunt cylinders by employing a phase delay that only depended on the frequency and the ratio of the volume to the projected area of the cylindrical aggregates. These scattering parameters were fitted by empirical analytical functions that only depended on that phase delay. This permitted consideration of numerous aggregate shapes with far less computational effort than that required by the discrete dipole approximation. The results of this analysis were applied to measurements of millimeter-wave extinction, radar reflectivity, and snow size distributions obtained during the SNOW-TWO field experiment conducted by the U.S. Army in 1984. Although the simultaneity of the various measurements was not well documented, the theoretical results fell within the range of measurement uncertainty. Model results of the extinction coefficient and asymmetry factor needed to compute 183-GHz brightness temperatures measured by the NOAA Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) radiometers are presented in the appendix.
The Law Firm Experience

This short essay describes how to use attorneys to enrich legal writing classes. The lawyers played the role of senior partner in their respective law firms. The students played the role of "junior associate" and consulted with the "senior partner" about the case they are working on.
TENS Study Concerns

To the Editor: I am writing to express several concerns regarding a study published in the January 1989 issue of Physical Therapy describing the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea. The authors compared the effects of TENS and a placebo pill using two widely used methods of pain measurement. They reported that both TENS and the placebo produced some pain relief, but that statistically there were no differences between the two interventions in terms of the magnitude of pain relief. That is to say, both interventions produced essentially the same degree of pain relief. The authors comment in their Discussion, “Although the results of this study did not show a statistically significant difference between groups, an average of at least 50% pain reduction was noted for both groups.… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/69/3?iss=1
Abstract 5681: Flavokawain B down-regulates SKP2 through a proteasome-dependent and ubiquitin-independent pathway, and acts synergistically with Bortezomib on inhibition of Skp2 expression and prostate cancer cell growth

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), an oncogenic protein, was found to be overexpressed in 557 of 622 (89.2%) primary prostate cancer (PCa) samples and in 64 of 74 samples (86.4%) high-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia lesions. In addition, a transgenic mouse model with prostatic over-expression of SKP2 develops low-grade adenocarcinomas. These results suggest that SKP2 could be a potential target for PCa chemoprevention. In a search for SKP2 targeting agents for PCa chemoprevention, we found that Flavokawain B, a chalcone found in multiple edible plants- including roots of Alpinia speciosa (family Zingiberaceae) and Piper methysticum Forst (kava kava), potently down-regulates the protein expression of SKP2 in several prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B, DU145 and PC3) at a concentration of 8.8 µM. More importantly, Flavokawain B reduces the cell viability of transfected PC3 cell line stably overexpressing SKP2 compared to vector control-transfected PC3 cells (IC50s are 7 and 26.4 µM, respectively), which suggest that flavokawain B may target SKP2 for its growth inhibitory effect. Flavokawain B treatment did not decrease the promoter activity and mRNA levels of SKP2. Instead, Flavokawain B decreases the protein levels of both a native and a myc-tagged SKP2 in PC3 cells through promoting its degradation. The degradation of the myc tagged SKP2 can be recovered by a proteasome inhibitor MG132. MG132 treatment resulted in an increase of ubquitinated SKP2, whereas Flavokawain B did not affect SKP2 ubquitination. These data suggest that the degradation of SKP2 by Flavokawain B may be through a proteasome-dependent and ubquitination-independent pathway. Interestingly, proteasome inhibitors (MG132 and Bortezomib) also down-regulate SKP2 mRNA expression through transcriptional inhibition, and combination of Bortezomib or MG132 with Flavokawain B exhibits a synergistic effect on SKP2 down-regulation and cell growth inhibition via induction of G2M arrest in PCa cell lines. Taken together, Flavokawain B is a novel SKP2 target agent and deserves further investigation for PCa chemoprevention and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5681.
Ionizing radiation effects on VLSI device yield

In terms of initial device yield, and long-term reliability, process-induced radiation damage represents an area of considerable concern. The processes that need to be examined include ion implantation, X-ray, E-beam and ion beam lithography, electron beam metal evaporation, sputtering, reactive ion etching, and even SEM examination. The paper discusses the effects of synchrotron X-radiation in the energy range 300–1000eV, as well as Al Kα exposures which simulate X-ray lithographic procedures. It describes such effects in the context of preliminary studies dealing with varying rad (SiO2) exposure levels at a constant gate insulator thickness, as well as the behavior at several rad exposure levels, as a function of gate insulator thickness. Data are presented showing that despite prevailing beliefs, damage in the synchrotron range follows a linear relationship over the thickness range form less than 10nm to 50nm, indicating strongly that damage resides near the interface and is constant with increasing insulator thickness. It is shown that such behavior is consistent with a simple model. Even if such damage can be annealed completely using normal techniques, which is questionable, there are wide-ranging implications concerning the rad hardness of scaled devices.
Can SPME fiber and Tenax methods predict the bioavailability of biotransformed insecticides

Recent studies recognize the ability of chemical techniques such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax extraction to predict bioavailability more effectively than exhaustive chemic...
Standardizing the definition of adverse pathology for lower risk men undergoing radical prostatectomy

Abstract Purpose Numerous definitions of adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy (RP) have been proposed and implemented for both research and clinical care, and there is tremendous variation in the specific criteria used to define adverse pathology in these settings. Given the current landscape in which magnetic resonance imaging criteria and biomarker cutoffs are validated for disparate adverse pathology definitions, we sought to identify which of these is most closely tied to biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP. Materials and methods A total of 2,837 patients who underwent RP at a single institution for localized prostate cancer (PCa) were included. We evaluated the following existing definitions of adverse pathology at RP: (1) Gleason score ≥7, (2) primary Gleason pattern ≥4, (3) Gleason score ≥7 or pathologic stage T3-4, (4) pathologic stage T3-4, (5) primary Gleason pattern ≥4 or pathologic stage T3-4. The primary outcome measure was BCR. Multiple statistical techniques were used to assess BCR prediction. Results Of the 5 definitions assessed, 1 (primary Gleason pattern ≥4 or pathologic stage T3-4, 540 patients [19% of cohort]) consistently outperformed the other definitions across all statistical measures. Additionally, a total of only 13 (6.6%) and 34 (10.3%) men with very-low-risk and low-risk cancer per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline, respectively, met this definition of adverse pathology at the time of RP. Conclusions Varying definitions of adverse pathology differ in their prognostic performance. The criteria defined by either primary Gleason pattern ≥4 or pT3-4 disease appears to most accurately predict BCR in this subset of patients with lower risk PCa at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, men with very-low-risk or low-risk PCa per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines are relatively unlikely to have adverse pathology at the time of surgical resection. These data may help inform the use of imaging and molecular markers as well as the intensity of surveillance in men with newly diagnosed PCa.
Enhanced modulation performance and reduced quantum noise in quantum well lasers

Recently quantum well lasers have received considerable attention because of their low threshold current and controllability of lasing wavelength.1,2 However, little effort has been directed toward measurement or calculation of modulation performance and quantum noise with quantum well lasers.3 In this paper, we investigate these characteristics theoretically and Indicate that linewidth and resonant frequency are substantially Improved by optimizing quantum well structures. The analysis predicts that modulation performance is enhanced by 1.8× for multiquantum well lasers, and linewidth is reduced by 1/10× for single quantum well lasers compared with those of conventional double heterostructure lasers.
Analysis on theoretical calculation of line losses for main network of Hubei power grid

According to the measured results of loads, the method of theoretical calculation is used to analysis the composition, distribution and influencing factors of line losses for main network of Hubei power grid on the representative day. Considering the current situation of large-scale wind power integration on power system recent years, the impacts of wind power integration on line losses of power grid are also analyzed in this paper with Suizhou area as an example.
False Memories in the Laboratory and in Life: Commentary on Brewin and Andrews (2016)

Summary Reviewing laboratory experiments, Brewin and Andrews (this issue) conclude that memory implantation techniques induce full-blown false autobiographical memories in only 15% of subjects. Does this imply that guided imagery and related methods are unlikely to generate false memories of childhood sexual abuse in adult psychiatric patients? Not necessarily. Although these methods alone may seldom produce false memories, additional factors common in clinical settings are likely to amplify their capacity to do so in psychiatric patients (e.g., belief that repressed memories of trauma can cause symptoms; belief that these methods can recover repressed memories; high scores on dissociation measures).Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do knots self-tighten for entropic reasons?

In this article, I review the works related to the idea that conformational entropy favors self-tightening of knots in a polymer chain. Interesting parallels and some controversies exist between theoretical, computational, and experimental works. Recent progress in the field suggests that self-tightening is a real effect, but much remains to be understood about it.
SUSTAINED CLINICAL BENEFIT OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH RELATIVELY PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: A MADIT-CRT LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP SUB-STUDY

Background: We have previously reported benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) in mild heart failure (HF) patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF>30%). However, long-term outcomes of CRT-D in patients LVEF>30% have not yet been investigated.
Do Neglect Assessments Detect Neglect Differently

Objective We determined whether various assessment tools detect neglect differently by administering a battery of assessments to people with stroke. Method We conducted a case series study and administered five neglect assessments (paper-and-pencil, functional, virtual reality) to participants poststroke. Results Twelve participants (6 men, 6 women) with stroke completed the assessment battery, which required approximately 2 hr to administer (over one to two sessions). All participants demonstrated neglect on three or more assessments. Functional assessments and the virtual reality assessment detected neglect more frequently than the paper-and-pencil assessments. Participants performed differently on the paper-and-pencil assessments and functional assessments. Conclusion Because neglect is complex, detection may depend largely on the assessment administered.
Reticular Formation Connections Underlying Horizontal Gaze: The Central Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (cMRF) as a Conduit for the Collicular Saccade Signal.

The central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF) occupies much of the core of the midbrain tegmentum. Physiological studies indicate that it is involved in controlling gaze changes, particularly horizontal saccades. Anatomically, it receives input from the ipsilateral superior colliculus and it has downstream projections to the brainstem, including the horizontal gaze center located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). Consequently, it has been hypothesized that the cMRF plays a role in the spatiotemporal transformation needed to convert spatially coded collicular saccade signals into the temporally coded signals utilized by the premotor neurons of the horizontal gaze center. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers to examine the patterns of connectivity of the cMRF in macaque monkeys in order to determine whether the circuit organization supports this hypothesis. Since stimulation of the cMRF produces contraversive horizontal saccades and stimulation of the horizontal gaze center produces ipsiversive saccades, this would require an excitatory cMRF projection to the contralateral PPRF. Injections of anterograde tracers into the cMRF did produce labeled terminals within the PPRF. However, the terminations were denser ipsilaterally. Since the PPRF located contralateral to the movement direction is generally considered to be silent during a horizontal saccade, we then tested the hypothesis that this ipsilateral reticuloreticular pathway might be inhibitory. The ultrastructure of ipsilateral terminals was heterogeneous, with some displaying more extensive postsynaptic densities than others. Postembedding immunohistochemistry for GABA indicated that only a portion (35 %) of these cMRF terminals are GABAergic. Dual tracer experiments were undertaken to determine whether the superior colliculus provides input to cMRF reticuloreticular neurons projecting to the ipsilateral pons. Retrogradely labeled reticuloreticular neurons were predominantly distributed in the ipsilateral cMRF. Anterogradely labeled tectal terminals were observed in close association with a portion of these retrogradely labeled reticuloreticular neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that the superior colliculus does have connections with reticuloreticular neurons in the cMRF. However, the predominantly excitatory nature of the ipsilateral reticuloreticular projection argues against the hypothesis that this cMRF pathway is solely responsible for producing a spatiotemporal transformation of the collicular saccade signal.
Elevated serum D-dimer level is associated with an increased risk of acute exacerbation in interstitial lung disease.

Abstract Background Early recognition of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who have an increased risk of developing acute exacerbation (AE) or preclinical AE may be clinically useful, since AE is associated with poor outcome and preventive measures would be of interest to ILD researchers. This study evaluated the relationship between elevated serum D-dimer level (≥0.4 mcg/mL) and subsequent AE or preclinical AE in patients with ILD. Methods This single-center, retrospective study was performed from October 2009 through September 2015 in patients with ILD who were ≥18 years old and had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, ILD related to collagen tissue disease, or combined pulmonary fibrosis/emphysema. The primary outcome measure was AE development within three months from each D-dimer measurement. The secondary outcome measures were respiratory-related hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and all-cause mortality within three months. Results A total of 263 patients (mean age, 64.1 years) with 374 D-dimer measurements (median, 0.44 mcg/mL) were included. The risk of developing AE was significantly higher in patients with elevated serum D-dimer level (adjusted odds ratio: 10.46; 95% CI: 1.24–88.11; p = 0.03). Patients with elevated serum D-dimer level had increased risk for respiratory-related hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, VTE, and all-cause mortality. The other factors predictive for AE were home oxygen therapy, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase, decreased FVC, and decreased FEV1.0. Conclusions Elevated serum D-dimer is associated with the risk of developing AE. Serum D-dimer may be used as a prognostic marker to predict AE or recognize preclinical AE.
Open Government Data and File Formats: Constraints on Collaboration

This exploratory interpretive case study investigated the collaborative potential of open government data available through data.gov, the US federal open data catalog. Open data is a central aspect of open government collaboration because it fosters exchange and communication between governments and the public. Government organizations that release open data make choices about file formats that have a substantial impact on the potential for collaboration. A file format, such as a document or a spreadsheet, is a constraint on which programs can read the file and what actions a user can do with the file. Overall, we found data.gov formats with limited collaboration potential but files that could be accessed by people with a wide range of skills. The findings are incorporated into suggestions for future iterations of open data policy. The advantages and limitations of using file formats for open data research are considered. The exploratory findings raise questions about future user-centric open data evaluations.
Beyond MHD in Galaxy Clusters

We demonstrate that the intracluster medium (ICM) of clusters of galaxies is everywhere convectively unstable to one of two instabilities driven by anisotropic thermal conduction along magnetic field lines, despite having stably stratified entropy gradients. Outside any cooling core, the magnetothermal instability (MTI) reorients magnetic fields to be largely radial, enhancing the effective radial thermal conductivity. In galaxy clusters with a cooling core, the heat‐flux‐driven buoyancy instability (HBI) has the opposite effect. By reducing the effective radialB thermal conductivity, the HBI can hasten the onset of a cooling catastrophe for low central entropy clusters.
Responses of gypsy moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to foliage of oaks from naturally infested sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

In laboratory studies, larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were reared on foliage of red oaks (Quercus rubra L.) from sites with either light or heavy natural infestations of gypsy mot...
Oxidative environments decrease tenderization of beef steaks through inactivation of μ-calpain

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxidative conditions in postmortem (PM) tissue decrease calpain activity and proteolysis, subsequently minimizing the extent of tenderization. To achieve different levels of oxidation, the diets of beef cattle were supplemented with vitamin E for the last 126 d on feed, and beef steaks were irradiated early PM. Ten steers were fed a finishing diet with the inclusion of vitamin E at 1,000 IU per steer daily (VITE). Another 10 beef steers were fed the same finishing diet without added vitamin E (CON). At 22 to 24 h PM, strip loins from each carcass were cut into 2.54-cm-thick steaks and individually vacuum packaged. Within 26 h PM, steaks were irradiated at 0 or 6.4 kGy and then aged at 4 degrees C for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 d postirradiation. Steaks from each time point were used to determine Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and calpain activity, and for western blotting of sarcoplasmic proteins and myofibrillar proteins. Calpastatin activity was determined at 0, 3, and 14 d postirradiation. At 1, 3, 7, and 14 d postirradiation, WBSF values of irradiated steaks were higher (P < 0.03) than for nonirradiated steaks. Western blots of troponin-T and desmin showed decreased proteolysis in irradiated samples compared with nonirradiated samples. At 2 d PM, troponin-T degradation products were more evident (P < 0.03) in nonirradiated steaks supplemented with VITE than nonirradiated steaks from the CON diet. Similarly, VITE treatment resulted in steaks with lower (P < 0.05) calpastatin activity at 1 d PM than in steaks from steers fed the CON diet. Irradiation diminished the rate of calpastatin inactivation. Irradiated samples, regardless of diet, had no detectable levels of intact titin or nebulin. Irradiation decreased mu-calpain activity and autolysis, whereas mu-calpain activity was not affected by diet or irradiation. Inactivation of mu-calpain by oxidation during early times PM decreased the amount of myofibrillar proteolysis, thereby decreasing the extent of tenderization of beef steaks.
Synthesis of Uniform Peptide Libraries and Methods for Physico-Chemical Analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the synthesis of uniform peptide libraries and methods for physicochemical analysis. In a study described in the chapter, peptide libraries were made using an ABI model 431 peptide synthesizer. One millimole of RINK or preloaded Wang resin was loaded in a 65 ml reaction vessel. Standard FMOC, a varian amino tag, cycles were used except that an extra 8 ml volume of N -methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) was delivered to the reaction vessel for the deprotection and coupling steps. Positions containing single amino acids were triple coupled at 1 mmol, and the coupling times were doubled. Sites at which multiple amino acids were to be incorporated were double coupled at 0.8 mmol, and the coupling times were increased threefold. The solvent used for coupling and deprotection was NMP or 5 M ethylene carbonate in NMP. Mixtures of amino acids contained 19 of the 20 natural amino acids. Cysteine was eliminated to avoid disulfide bond formation skewing the data from mass analysis.
International Dynamics of Pesticide Poisoning

With present population trends, increased food and fiber production is one of the central problems for all nations. In the past, agricultural chemicals have been the mainstay of all expanding food production programs and their continued use will be one essential response to these increased demands. The growing problem of pest resistance and environmental degradation, however, indicated that their future use will have to be part of a broad integrated pest control program utilizing a wide variety of modern pest management techniques of which the use of chemicals will be one component. No longer can reliance be placed solely on chemical control. The future role of pesticides will have to be more judicious and restrained, respecting the benefits of natural predators in the role of controlling harmful pests.
Success of Multiple Endosseous Dental Implant Designs to Second-Stage Surgery Across Study Sites

A multicenter clinical study of dental implants is being conducted by the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group to investigate the influence of implant design, application, and site on clinical performance and crestal bone. This article reports on the percentage of success up to implant uncovering for different implant designs and the distribution of failures across study sites. Data from 2,847 implants placed at 32 study sites were analyzed. Percentages of success up to implant uncovering were calculated for study implants overall, by implant design, by implant design within study strata, and according to individual study sites and quartile groupings of sites based on success. Comparisons were made, with chi-square and exact tests employed where appropriate. Differences were found between the different implant designs for the study overall, and between implant designs within the different study strata. Although some implant designs were found to have generally high success across study sites, some study sites designated as having surgeons with less experience tended to have higher failure levels, and one implant design failed at higher rates in a subset of study sites. The percentage and distribution of implant failures varied across study sites and by implant design. These differences appeared to be in part related to the level of experience of the surgeons. Further investigation should focus on identification of factors that contribute to higher success in implant placement with different implant designs.
Mental and Physical Exercise as a Means to Reverse Cognitive Aging and Enhance Well-Being

This chapter examines the current data on cognitive interventions, as well as physical fitness interventions, as means of improving cognitive functioning, including a review of the most recent behavioral and brain data. We present ­evidence that cognitive interventions involving complex video game training are especially promising. Special attention is devoted to the discussion of transfer of training from these interventions to important real-world activities performed every day. Recommendations and future directions are discussed.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on ''Provider Conscientious Refusal of Abortion, Obstetrical Emergencies, and Criminal Homicide Law''.

Shepherd and Marshall suggest that I “may [have overstated] the likely applicability of homicide laws” to the refusal to provide an abortion in a life-threatening emergency, but their reasons for t...
Survey results of US radiation oncology providers' contextual engagement of watch-and-wait beliefs after complete clinical response to chemoradiation in patients with local rectal cancer.

e22120Background: Current multimodality treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) includes chemotherapy, chemoradiation (CRT) and surgery. Growing clinical data suggest omitting resection (w...
Real-Time Power System State Estimation and Forecasting via Deep Unrolled Neural Networks

Contemporary power grids are being challenged by rapid and sizeable voltage fluctuations that are caused by large-scale deployment of renewable generators, electric vehicles, and demand response programs. In this context, monitoring the grid's operating conditions in real time becomes increasingly critical. With the emergent large scale and nonconvexity, existing power system state estimation (PSSE) schemes become computationally expensive or often yield suboptimal performance. To bypass these hurdles, this paper advocates physics-inspired deep neural networks (DNNs) for real-time power system monitoring. By unrolling an iterative solver that was originally developed using the exact ac model, a novel model-specific DNN is developed for real-time PSSE requiring only offline training and minimal tuning effort. To further enable system awareness, even ahead of the time horizon, as well as to endow the DNN-based estimator with resilience, deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are also pursued for power system state forecasting. Deep RNNs leverage the long-term nonlinear dependencies present in the historical voltage time series to enable forecasting, and they are easy to implement. Numerical tests showcase improved performance of the proposed DNN-based estimation and forecasting approaches compared with existing alternatives. In real load data experiments on the IEEE 118-bus benchmark system, the novel model-specific DNN-based PSSE scheme outperforms nearly by an order-of-magnitude its competing alternatives, including the widely adopted Gauss–Newton PSSE solver.
18 Learning and Pedagogy in Initial Teacher Preparation

Learning to teach is cognitively and emotionally challenging. The review considers how research illuminates our understanding of what new teachers should know and how they learn to teach, informs key dilemmas of initial teacher preparation, and guides teacher educator's pedagogy and the design of robust initial teacher preparation experiences. It traces the evolution of three frameworks guiding inquiry into learning to teach—behaviorist, constructivist, and situative. It summarizes key findings about the role of beliefs, subject matter knowledge, mentors/colleagues, tools, and settings in designing teacher learning. Integrative models of learning to teach along with promising teacher educator's pedagogical practice are also detailed. The chapter highlights the contributions and promise of research conducted from a situative perspective. Keywords: teacher learning; situative perspective; teacher education; knowledge base for teaching
Detectible mosaic truncating PPM1D mutations, age and breast cancer risk

Mosaic protein truncating variants (PTVs) in the phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+dependent 1D (PPM1D) gene in blood-derived DNA have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. We analyzed PPM1D PTVs in blood from 3817 breast cancer cases and 3058 controls by deep sequencing of a previously defined region in exon 6 of PPM1D. We identified 50 of 6875 (0.73%) participants having a mosaic PPM1D PTV. We observed a higher frequency of mosaic PPM1D PTVs with increasing age (Ptrend = 2.9 × 10−6). We did not observe an overall association between PPM1D PTVs and increased breast cancer risk (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.84–2.71). Evidence for an association was observed in a subset of cases with DNA collected 1-year or more before breast cancer diagnosis (OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.62–7.30, P-value = 0.001); however, no significant association was observed for the larger series of cases with DNA collected post diagnosis (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.51–2.01, P-value = 0.98). Our study indicates that the PPM1D PTVs are present at higher rates than previously reported and the frequency of PPM1D PTVs increases with age. We observed limited evidence for an association between mosaic PPM1D PTVs and breast cancer risk, suggesting mosaic PPM1D PTVs in the blood likely do not influence risk of breast cancer.
Probing the Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by a Porous Self-Assembled Benzophenone Bis-Urea Host.

Herein, we examine the photochemical formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a porous benzophenone-containing bis-urea host (1) to investigate the mechanism of photooxidations that occur within the confines of its nanochannels. UV irradiation of the self-assembled host in the presence of molecular oxygen generates both singlet oxygen and superoxide when suspended in solution. The efficiency of ROS generation by the host is lower than that of benzophenone (BP), which could be beneficial for reactions carried out catalytically, as ROS species react quickly and often unselectively. Superoxide formation was detected through reaction with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide in the presence of methanol. However, it is not detected in CHCl3, as it reacts rapidly with the solvent to generate methaneperoxy and chloride anions, similar to BP. The lifetime of airborne singlet oxygen (τΔairborne) was examined at the air–solid outer surface of the host and host·quencher complexes and suggests that quenching is a su...
“Pick and choose” opinion climate: How browsing of political messages shapes public opinion perceptions and attitudes

ABSTRACTHigh-choice media environments allow people to cocoon themselves with like-minded messages (confirmation bias), which could shape both individual attitudes and perceived prevalence of opini...
Metabolic sleuthing solves a rare immunodeficiency disease.

Cellular metabolic screening identifies hyper-respiration, induced by gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase, as a disease-driving immunometabolic trait of B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency.
Postpartum Weight Loss in Women with Class-III Obesity: Do They Lose What They Gain?

Objective Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases risk of postpartum weight retention in normal and overweight women but little is known about weight retention in morbidly obese women. We evaluated the impact of GWG on postpartum weight retention in women with class-III obesity. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of pregnancies at a single institution from July 2013 to December 2017 complicated by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 at entry to care. Women were classified as GWG within (WITHIN), less than (LESS), or greater than (MORE) Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations. Women were excluded for multiples, late prenatal care, preterm birth, fetal anomalies, intrauterine demise, weight loss, and missing data. Primary outcome was achievement of intake weight at the postpartum visit. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results Among 338 women, 93 (28%) gained WITHIN, 129 (38%) LESS, and 144 (43%) MORE. Women in the MORE group were less likely to achieve their intake weight at the postpartum visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.09 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.17, p Conclusion Excessive GWG in women with class-III obesity is associated with postpartum weight retention.
The $64 Billion Massachusetts Vehicle Economy

Policymakers and budgetary analysts have long argued that roads are heavily subsidized. The diffusion of spending among federal, state, and local government entities, along with the complexity of indirect costs, make it difficult to understand the fully loaded cost of the vehicle economy. Individual families may track the personal costs of car ownership to their budgets, but they rarely consider the total cost of operating and maintaining the vehicle economy because the vast majority of roads and parking areas are provided free at the point of use. This study is intended to increase transparency regarding road-related spending and to provide a comprehensive estimate of the economic cost of Massachusetts’ vehicle economy.
The temporal dynamics of the wish to live and the wish to die among suicidal individuals

Abstract Accumulating research suggests that suicidal individuals often experience the wish to live and the wish to die simultaneously, with the wish to live serving to reduce the risk for suicidal behaviors. Newer evidence suggests the wish to live and the wish to die fluctuate over time, with coordinated change processes being associated with reduced risk for suicidal behaviors. These change processes are described using the fluid vulnerability theory as a conceptual frame, and suggest that treatments and interventions that foster the wish to live as a self-regulatory strategy may offset the wish to die and reduce the risk for suicidal behaviors.
Endocrine stress responsivity and social memory in 3xTg-AD female and male mice: A tale of two experiments.

Abstract Stress confers risk for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Relative to men, women are disproportionately more likely to be diagnosed with this neurodegenerative disease. We hypothesized that sex differences in endocrine stress responsiveness may be a factor in this statistic. To test this hypothesis, we assessed basal and stress-induced corticosterone, social recognition, and coat state deterioration (surrogate for depression-like behavior) in male and female 3xTg-AD mice. Prior to reported amyloid plaque deposition, 3xTg females (4 months), but not 3xTg males, had heightened corticosterone responses to restraint exposure. Subsequently, only 3xTg females (6 months) displayed deficits in social memory concomitant with prominent β-amyloid (Aβ) immunostaining. These data suggest that elevated corticosterone stress responses may precede cognitive impairments in genetically vulnerable females. 3xTg mice of both sexes exhibited coat state deterioration relative to same-sex controls. Corticolimbic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysfunction is associated with glucocorticoid hypersecretion and cognitive impairment. Our findings indicate sex- and brain-region specific effects of genotype on hippocampal and amygdala GR protein expression. Because olfactory deficits may impede social recognition, in Experiment 2, we assessed olfaction and found no differences between genotypes. Notably, in this cohort, heightened corticosterone stress responses in 3xTg females was not accompanied by social memory deficits or coat state deterioration. However, coat state deterioration was consistent in 3xTg males. We report consistent heightened stress-induced corticosterone levels and Aβ pathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. However, the behavioral findings illuminate unknown inconsistencies in certain phenotypes in this AD mouse model.
Parenteral Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Severe Respiratory Papillomatosis in an Adult Population.

Objectives/hypothesis Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, disease that impacts the voice, breathing, and quality of life of patients. Frequent surgical interventions may be needed to control symptoms. We examined the safety and efficacy of utilizing parenteral bevacizumab in the management of severe RRP in adults. Study design This is a retrospective review of clinical management approaches in a group of patients with severe RRP defined as having a high disease burden, frequent need for debridement, and/or tracheobronchial disease. Patients were initially treated with 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab at 3-week intervals. Bevacizumab dosing and frequency was then individually titrated down. Results Fourteen adults received a median of 8.5 (range 2-17) bevacizumab infusions over approximately 24 months. All had a history of laryngeal RRP with 6/14 having additional tracheobronchial lesions. Patients required a median of 4 (range 2-11) procedures in the year prior to treatment. Only 3/10 (30%) patients who continued therapy required any additional procedures. Bevacizumab administration was generally well tolerated, with four patients discontinuing therapy. Medical reasons included severe epistaxis and hypertension and thrombocytopenia in an individual with systemic lupus erythematosus. Common side effects included hypertension (grade 2), headache (grades 1-2), elevated creatinine (grades 1-2), and epistaxis (grade 3). Conclusions Intravenous bevacizumab for the primary treatment of severe RRP in adults appears clinically effective and safe. Expected and typically mild side effects related to bevacizumab were observed. Continued investigation of bevacizumab through a prospective clinical trial is warranted. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 131:E921-E928, 2021.
Linking behavior in the physics education research coauthorship network

Citation: Anderson, K. A., Crespi, M., & Sayre, E. C. (2017). Linking behavior in the physics education research coauthorship network. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 13(1), 10. doi:10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.13.010121
Regularized potentials of Schrödinger operators and a local landscape function

We study localization properties of low-lying eigenfunctions ( − Δ + V ) ϕ = λ ϕ in Ω for rapidly varying potentials V in bounded domains Ω ⊂ R d . Filoche & Mayboroda introduced the landscape ...
Transformation of wheat husk to 3D activated carbon/NiCo2S4 frameworks for high-rate asymmetrical supercapacitors

Abstract Transforming carbon-containing biomass into valuable carbon materials is highly required. The approach reduces not only environmental pollution but also develops porous carbon electrodes for energy storage devices. Herein, a novel ex-situ synthesis of Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide/Wheat Husk Activated Carbon (NiCo2S4/WHAC) on Ni foam as an electrode material for supercapacitors was reported. The activated carbon was synthesized from the carbonization of the wheat husk, which was further activated using KOH. Afterward, the NiCo2S4/WHAC/Ni electrode was fabricated by the hydrothermal method. The capacitance of the NiCo2S4/WHAC/Ni electrode was 1962 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The improved electrochemical performance of NiCo2S4/WHAC electrode could be ascribed to rapid diffusion pathways delivered by WHAC and the fast redox reaction of NiCo2S4. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor device (NiCo2S4//WHAC) could operate at a potential window of 1.1 V and exhibited a capacitance of 252 F/g, which could provide specific energy of 42 Wh/kg at a specific power of 550 W/kg with 108% capacity retention.
Patellar Tendon Shortening for Treatment of Patella Alta in Skeletally Immature Patients With Patellar Instability

Aberrant anatomy, such as patella alta, can be a risk factor for recurrent patellar instability or inferior clinical outcomes after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. In patients with significant patella alta (Caton Deschamps Index >1.2), tibial tubercle distalization may be considered to improve outcomes. However, despite patellar instability commonly affecting pediatric patients, a distalization osteotomy is not feasible in this patient population due to the presence of open physes. Our article presents a technique describing an alternative soft-tissue distalization approach whereby patellar height is decreased by shortening the patellar tendon.
Global Modeling of CME Propagation in the Solar Wind

Begging the question of build-up, initiation, and launch, our ability to model the propagation of CMEs out into the interplanetary medium depends upon (1) how well we can characterize the timing, location, geometry, and dynamical content of the ejecta in the lower corona; (2) how well we know the background flow into which the CME propagates; and (3) how well we can describe the subsequent interaction between CME and the structured, background, quasi-steady wind. Simulations of CMEs are are needed to help interpret observations of complicated transient structures and are essential to space weather applications. We assess where we stand in terms of observational and simulation capabilities for CME propagation models and offer suggestions for further development.
Construction legal support for differing site conditions (DSC) through statistical modeling and machine learning (ML)

xiv CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION) 1 1.1 Overview: 1 1.2 Problem Statement 4 1.3 Research Objectives 7 1.4 Research Significance 11 1.5 Research Methodology 12 1.5.1 Task 1: Conduct a Comprehensive Literature Review 13 1.5.2 Task 2: Identify and Quantify Significant Legal Factors that Affect DSC Litigation Outcomes in the Construction Industry 13 1.5.3 Task 3: Develop a litigation Outcome Prediction Model for DSC Disputes in the Construction Industry. 14 1.5.4 Task 4: Automated Extraction of Significant Legal Factors 15 1.5.5 Task 5: Automated Extraction of Precedent DSC Cases. 16 1.6 Thesis Organization 18 CHAPTER 2 (LITERATURE REVIEW) 20 2.