cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perianal Paget disease treated definitively with radiotherapy

Extramammary Paget disease (empd) is a relatively rare cutaneous disorder described as an apocrine gland tumour occurring in both a benign and a malignant form with metastatic potential. The areas of the body affected are the vulva, perianal region, penis, scrotum, perineum, and axilla, all of which contain apocrine glands. When empd affects the perianal region, it is called perianal Paget disease (ppd). All forms of empd, including ppd, are typically treated by wide surgical excision. Perianal Paget disease usually occurs later in life in patients who are often poor surgical candidates, but the available literature is scarce regarding other treatment modalities, including definitive radiotherapy. We contend that ppd can be safely and effectively treated with radiotherapy, and here, we present the case of a 75-year-old woman with ppd who was successfully so treated. A brief review of the literature concerning the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of ppd is also included.
A Remediation Scheme to Global Warming: Engineering Biodegradable Aerosols With Maximum Scattering Potential

This exploratory study evaluates the following moderation scheme against global warming: deploying nanoparticles in the atmosphere in order to scatter a tiny amount of sunlight (1% or 2W/m2 ) up to space. Such a strategy could be a last-resort method to counteract unbearable effects of global warming. For particles made of a wide range of known materials, the scattering ability is defined to quantify how efficient the particle is at scattering sunlight. This scattering ability is a function of the particle radius and index of refraction, and is calculated by an in-house numerical code solving the Mie scattering equations. The code is validated against scattering calculations for SO2 particles published by Schwartz[1]. Our calculations show that an optimum particle size exists, which would minimize the amounts to be deployed in the atmosphere. Also, we evaluate the deployment of biodegradable nanoparticles, which would counteract global warming and minimize dangers related to their redeposition.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The Beautiful and the Ugly are One Thing, the Sublime Another: A Reflection on Culture

Keats compounds an error when he writes, initially, that "a thing of beauty is a joy for ever" (the opening line of Endymion), and, later, "Beauty is truth, truth beauty-that is all / Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know" (the last line of Ode on a Grecian Urn). He reveals here the limitations of his particular version of romanticism, but let me begin with some obvious objections to his poetic epigrams. First, beauty is ethnocentric, it is in the eye of the cultured beholder. For example, what we would consider obesity, and/or the gross exaggeration of secondary sexual features, is considered beautiful and desirable among certain peoples of East Africa. Arab or East Indian music characteristically grates on the Western ear-West African drumming can hardly be followed in its subtle variation of rhythms-but these sounds are beautiful and expressive in their native haunts.
MgF2/ZnS double-layer anti-reflection coating design for ultra-thin GaAs single-junction solar cells

This paper reports modeling findings that MgF2/ZnS double-layer anti-reflection coating potentially offers a less than 1.5% reflection loss for ultra-thin GaAs single-junction solar cells, when all the layers in the solar cells are taken into account.
Inferior laryngeal paraganglioma mimicking a primary thyroid tumor.

ABSTRACT Objective To report an unusual case of inferior laryngeal paraganglioma that manifested as a thyroid neoplasm. Methods A case report is presented, including ultrasonographic, surgical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed. Results In a 33-year-old man with a mass in the left side of his neck, color Doppler ultrasonography revealed an extremely hypervascular lesion that appeared to arise in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration was noncontributory because of bloody samples, but core biopsy specimens suggested a nonthyroidal neoplasm. At surgical intervention, a 3.5-cm mass was found immediately posterior to the left thyroid lobe, not involving the thyroid capsule. Because the mass could not be dissected free from the thyroid, performance of a left thyroid lobectomy and isthmectomy was necessary. The pathology specimen was a paraganglioma. Conclusion Paragangliomas may be sonographically similar to thyroid neoplasms and may be included in the differential diagnosis of a hypervascular thyroid mass. (Endocr Pract. 2006;12:432-435)
Flowering Responses of Xanthium pensylvanicum to Long Dark Periods.

The flowering of Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. was investigated using long dark periods. Attempts were made to ascertain evidence for the involvement of a flowering rhythm in Xanthium by use of variable-dark-length and light-interruption experiments. It was found that factors such as plant height (age), partial defoliation, and various pretreatments had little effect on the general nature of the flowering response. Maximum sensitivity to red light occurred at the eighth hour of 24-, 48-, and 72-hour dark periods. Temperature had little influence on this timing. The time of maximum sensitivity was delayed to the tenth hour by a pretreatment with 8 hours of darkness followed by 6 hours of light. These properties are similar to those of Pharbitis , which showed a clear rhythmic sensitivity to red light interruptions. The possible involvement of a rapidly damping rhythm of sensitivity to red light is discussed on the basis of this similarity. A distinct flowering rhythm similar to that of soybean and Chenopodium was not found. Although the results are inconclusive with respect to a rhythm, they do indicate similarities and differences to the responses of other short-day plants in which rhythms have been demonstrated.
Mr. Binet’s Test 70 Years Later

intelligence test. And so, we may define 1975 as the 70th anniversary of that event-an event that, as much as any in the early years of this century, determined the shape and course of subsequent psychological and educational research, and of psychological and possibly educational practice. For my remarks today, I have chosen to look at a few aspects of that 70-year career. That first set of tasks proposed by Binet stemmed from no elegant theory, nor from any precise definition of intelligence. Binet made no assumptions about the causes or origins of the intellectual deficits that he proposed to study (for his initial concern was primarily with intellectual deficiency), nor about their prognostic significance for future development. He undertook to describe objectively, in the here and now, levels of development of what he described in a very general way as "judgment." The basis of his selection of tasks was very largely empirical try-out with groups of children of various ages in regular school, and comparison of their performance with that of those who were in institutions for
The contribution of influence and selection to adolescent peer group homogeneity: The case of adolescent cigarette smoking.

Understanding the homogeneity of peer groups requires identification of peer groups and consideration of influence and selection processes. Few studies have identified adolescent peer groups, however, or examined how they become homogeneous. This study used social network analysis to identify peer groups (cliques), clique liaisons, and isolates among adolescents in 5 schools at 2 data collection rounds (N = 926). Cigarette smoking was the behavior of interest. Influence and selection contributed about equally to peer group smoking homogeneity. Most smokers were not peer group members, however, and selection provided more of an explanation than influence for why isolates smoke. The results suggest the importance of using social network analysis in studies of peer group influence and selection.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the One-Dimensional Oxide, Sr3ZnIrO6: Zinc in Trigonal Prismatic Coordination

Abstract The structure of Sr 3 ZnIrO 6 was determined by powder X-ray Rietveld refinement in space group R 3 c (No. 167), a = 9.6392(1) and c = 11.2145(2) A. Neutron diffraction refinements confirm the structure analysis. The structure contains zinc in a highly unusual trigonal prismatic coordination environment. The structure consists of infinite one-dimensional chains of alternating face-shared IrO 6 octahedra and ZnO 6 trigonal prisms. Magnetic measurements show that Sr 3 ZnIrO 6 correlates antiferromagnetically near 20 K. No magnetic ordering, however, was found by the neutron diffraction experiments performed at room temperature and at 10 K. The magnetic data were fit using an Ising model, which gave a coupling value J / k B ∼ 18.5.
Maximum disjoining pressure in protein stabilized concentrated oil-in-water emulsions

Abstract A model for the prediction of the equilibrium profile of film thickness and continuous phase liquid holdup profile in a concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion is proposed. This model is employed to infer the maximum disjoining pressure in a concentrated corn oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by bovine serum albumin (BSA) from the experimental measurements of different proportions of oil, polyhedral O/W foam, and aqueous layers at different centrifugal accelerations. The inferred maximum disjoining pressures were found to be higher at higher concentrations of BSA, lower ionic strengths as well as at pH values farther away from pI. The predicted variations of disjoining pressure with film thickness for a concentrated O/W emulsion stabilized by BSA exhibited two maxima due to steric and electrostatic interactions, respectively. The experimental maximum disjoining pressures for toluene-in-water emulsion stabilized by BSA were found to be about two to three times the predicted maxima due to steric interactions but were two to three orders of magnitude higher than the maxima due to electrostatic interactions, thus indicating that steric interaction is the dominant stabilizing mechanism. The discrepancy between the experimental and predicted maximum disjoining pressures is believed to be mainly due to lack of information with regard to the thickness of the adsorbed protein layer at the oil—water interface.
Origin of Nb-enriched basalts and adakites in Baja California, Mexico, revisited: Reply

Maury et al. (2009) present new and detailed field observations and petrologic analyses to argue that the “new model” that I propose as an alternative explanation for postsubduction magmatism in Baja California, Mexico ([Castillo, 2008][1]), is incorrect. Specifically, they claim that their new
Mending Milankovitch's theory: obliquity amplification by surface feedbacks

Abstract. Milankovitch's theory states that orbitally induced changes in high-latitude summer insolation dictate the waxing and waning of ice sheets. Accordingly, precession should dominate the ice-volume response because it most strongly modulates summer insolation. However, early Pleistocene (2.588–0.781 Ma) ice-volume proxy records vary almost exclusively at the frequency of the obliquity cycle. To explore this paradox, we use an Earth system model coupled with a dynamic ice sheet to separate the climate responses to idealized transient orbits of obliquity and precession that maximize insolation changes. Our results show that positive surface albedo feedbacks between high-latitude annual-mean insolation, ocean heat flux and sea-ice coverage, and boreal forest/tundra exchange enhance the ice-volume response to obliquity forcing relative to precession forcing. These surface feedbacks, in combination with modulation of the precession cycle power by eccentricity, help explain the dominantly 41 kyr cycles in global ice volume of the early Pleistocene.
Preclinical and Clinical Development of Camptothecins

Publisher Summary The camptotheca tree (Camptotheca acuminata, Decaisne, Nyssaceae) powder—an injectable, or an effusion, prepared from the bark, roots, and fruit—has been used to treat patients with gastrointestinal and other types of cancer. The extract of camptotheca was tested by the National Cancer Institute and the antitumor activity was established in experimental systems. It was found that camptothecin (CAM), the naturally occurring lactone form of the alkaloid, inhibited both DNA and RNA syntheses, the former irreversibly, and caused DNA fragmentation in cultured mammalian cells. The CAM lactone form showed activity against rodent L12 10 leukemia and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. CAM was effective in the xenograft model system than any of the clinically available anticancer drugs used as controls. CAM has been shown to have significant activity in a central nervous system metastatic model using xenograft lines of malignant melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma Several CAM analogs induced accumulation of cleavable complexes in tissue culture cells, inhibited topo1 in cell-free screens, and also showed antitumor activity in vivo . 9-AC was effective in both small and bulky tumors. Given via the gastrointestinal tract, 9-AC is fully active and induces, at somewhat higher doses, complete remissions of human cancer xenografts. CPT-11 (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidyl)-1-piperidyl] carbonyloxy-camptothecin] is a prodrug with only limited cytotoxic activity, which is converted in biological systems into an active metabolite, SN-38, by the action of carboxylesterases. The best activity of CPT-11 was recorded in the treatment of the xenografts of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. CPT-11 was also active against human cancer xenografts resistant to topotecan, vincristine, or melphalan. Topotecan had antitumor activity in vitro as well in in vivo screens. This chapter discusses the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of CAM, combination therapy and drug resistance. Current tests of combination treatments with anticancer drugs, growth factors, cytokines will contribute to defining the role camptothecins in standard treatment protocols.
Neutron Sensitivity of High-Speed Networks

Recently, engineers have been studying on-payload networks for fast communication paths. Using intrasystem networks as a means to connect devices together allows for a flexible payload design that does not rely on dedicated communication paths between devices. In this manner, the data flow architecture of the system can be dynamically reconfigured to allow data routes to be optimized for the application or configured to route around devices that are temporarily or permanently unavailable. To use intrasystem networks, devices will need network controllers and switches. These devices are likely to be affected by single-event effects, which could affect data communication. In this paper, we will present radiation data and performance analysis for using a Broadcom network controller in a neutron environment.
Experimental determination of the α and β C—H bond dissociation energies in naphthalene

The acidities of the two different sites in naphthalene (1alpha and 1beta) and the electron affinities of the alpha- and beta-naphthyl radicals were measured using a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. Both carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation energies for naphthalene also were obtained, in this case via the application of a thermodynamic cycle. The final results are DeltaH(o)acid (1alpha) = 394.2+/-1.2 kcal mol(-1), DeltaH(o)acid (1beta) = 395.5+/-1.3 kcal mol(-1), EA(alpha) = 31.6+/-0.5 kcal mol(-1), EA(beta) = 31.6+/-0.5 kcal mol(-1), BDE(1alpha) = 112.2+/-1.3 kcal mol(-1) and BDE(1alpha) = 111.9+/-1.4 kcal mol(-1), and they are compared to benzene and phenyl radical as well as ab initio and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations.
A novel way to characterize Metal-Insulator-Metal devices via nanoindentation

Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) devices are crucial components for applications ranging from optical rectennas for harvesting sunlight to infrared detectors. To date, the relationship between materials properties and device performance in MIM devices is not fully understood, partly due to the difficulty in making and reproducing reliable devices. One configuration that is popular due to its simplicity and ease of fabrication is the point-contact diode where a metal tip serves as one of the metals in the MIM device. The intrinsic advantage of the point-contact configuration is that it is possible to achieve very small contact areas for the device thereby allowing very high-frequency operation. In this study, precise control over the contact area and penetration depth of an electrically conductive tip into a metal/insulator combination is achieved using a nanoindenter with in-situ electrical contact resistance measurement capabilities. A diamond probe tip, doped (degeneratively) with boron for conductivity, serves as the point contact and second ‘metal’ (b-Diamond) of the MIM diode. The base layer consists of Nb/Nb 2 O 5 thin films on Si substrates and serves as the first metal /insulator combination of the MIM structure. The current-voltage response of the diodes is measured under a range of conditions to assess the validity and repeatability of the technique. Additionally, we compare the results of this technique to those acquired using a bent-wire approach and find that Nb/Nb 2 O 5 /b-Diamond MIM devices show an excellent asymmetry (60–300) and nonlinearity values (∼6–9. This technique shows great promise for screening metal-insulator combinations for performance without the uncertainty that stems from a typical bent-wire point-contact.
Publish or Perish? [AP-S Turnstile]

While doing research on the Nobel laureate P. A. M. Dirac (1902-1984) for my last column, I came across some interesting bits in the history of science.
Relationships between nurse- and physician-to-population ratios and state health rankings.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between nurse-to-population ratios and population health, as indicated by state health ranking, and to compare the findings with physician-to-population ratios. Design: Secondary analysis correlational design. Sample: The sample consisted of all 50 states in the United States. Data sources included the United Health Foundation's 2006 state health rankings, the 2004 National Sample Survey for Registered Nurses, and the U.S. Health Workforce Profile from the New York Center for Health Workforce Studies. Results: Significant relationships between nurse-to-population ratio and overall state health ranking (ρ=−.446, p=.001) and 11 of the 18 components of that ranking were found. Significant components included motor vehicle death rate, high school graduation rate, violent crime rate, infectious disease rate, percentage of children in poverty, percentage of uninsured residents, immunization rate, adequacy of prenatal care, number of poor mental health days, number of poor physical health days, and premature death rate, with higher nurse-to-population ratios associated with higher health rankings. Specialty (public health and school) nurse-to-population ratios were not as strongly related to state health ranking. Physician-to-population ratios were also significantly related to state health ranking, but were associated with different components than nurses. Conclusions: These findings suggest that greater nurses per capita may be uniquely associated with healthier communities; however, further multivariate research is needed.
Implantofix vascular access system: An experience with 19 patients

The use of implantable vascular access devices has increased rapidly in recent years. We have placed the new Implantofix Implantable Drug Delivery System 7500 in 19 patients. The patients reported only minor discomfort. The majority of the nurses found the Implantofix port easier to access than other ports, and some reported less swelling and soreness at the port site. Some of the physicians had difficulty visualizing the radiopaque catheter on X-ray; Burron is currently developing a more radiopaque system. The Implantofix system offers several important benefits. Its compact size assures minimal discomfort for the patient. A new peel-away sheath offers a choice of insertion methods. The system is particularly economical because it can be implanted in an ambulatory care facility or an outpatient surgery room equipped with fluoroscopic capabilities.
Cognitive Tools for Scaffolding Students Defining an Ill-Structured Problem

This study assessed the effect of cognitive tools on scaffolding students defining an ill-structured problem. Seventy-nine 10th-grade students used the Pollution Solution software to study an envir...
Consolidation of CS and US representations in associative fear conditioning.

Much attention has been paid to the associative processes that are necessary to fuse together representations of the various compo- nents of an episodic memory. In the present study, we focus on the processes involved in the formation of lasting representations of the individual components that make up a fear-conditioning episode. In one- trial contextual fear conditioning experiments, weak conditioning to con- text occurs if the shock is delivered immediately following placement of the animal in a novel conditioning apparatus, a phenomenon known as the immediate shock deficit. We show that the immediate shock deficit in mice may be alleviated by pre-exposure to either the context or shock. In using this approach to temporally dissect a contextual fear-conditioning task into its constituent representational and associative processes, we are able to examine directly the processes that are important for formation of lasting representations of the context conditioned stimulus (CS) or uncon- ditioned stimulus (US). Our data indicate that the formation of a lasting representation of the context or shock engages protein synthesis-depen- dent processes. Furthermore, genetic disruption of cAMP-responsive ele- ment binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of new proteins required for long-term memory, disrupts the formation of lasting context memories. We go on to show that the stress hormone epinephrine modulates the consolidation of a context memory, and reverses consolidation deficits in the CREB-deficient mice. Finally we show that disrupting either NMDA or calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) function impairs consolidation of context memories. Together, these data suggest that this approach is particularly suited for the characterization of molecular and cellular processes underlying the formation of stimulus representations. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stretching self-entangled DNA molecules in elongational fields

We present experiments of self-entangled DNA molecules stretching under a planar elongational field, and their stretching dynamics are compared to identical molecules without entanglements. Self-entangled molecules stretch in a stage-wise fashion, persisting in an “arrested” state for decades of strain prior to rapidly stretching, slowing down the stretching dynamics by an order of magnitude compared to unentangled molecules. Self-entangled molecules are shown to proceed through a transient state where one or two ends of the molecule are protruding from an entangled, knotted core. This phenomenon sharply contrasts with the wide array of transient configurations shown here and by others for stretching polymers without entanglements. The rate at which self-entangled molecules stretch through this transient state is demonstrably slower than unentangled molecules, providing the first direct experimental evidence of a topological friction. These experimental observations are shown to be qualitatively and semi-quantitatively reproduced by a dumbbell model with two fitting parameters, the values of which are reasonable in light of previous experiments of knotted DNA.
Determinants of perceived health in older adults with hypertension

Objective To describe perceived health and assess the factors that contribute to perceived health in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with hypertension. Methods The study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study that examined community-dwelling adults’ health status, use of health services, and access to care. Hierarchical regression identified factors that contributed to perceived health in 1485 adults aged 60 years and older who were diagnosed with hypertension. Results A model of nonmodifiable factors, support resources, and lifestyle factors explained a significant proportion of the variance in perceived health, most of which was captured by nonmodifiable factors. Conclusion Attention to nonmodifiable factors is needed in both clinical practice and research to identify a subset of older adults diagnosed with hypertension who are at risk for poor perceived health.
Partitioned Time-Domain Substructure Coupling Methodology for Efficient Hypersonic Vehicle Simulation

A partitioned solution framework is developed for time-domain aerothermoelastic simulation of hypersonic vehicles. The motivation for development of such an approach stems from the fact that hypersonic vehicles consist of multiple substructures, each containing different dominant physics. Different model forms are therefore required to capture the main physics of each substructure, and direct coupling of the various substructures of the vehicle is not straightforward. The methodology of this paper is based on a partitioned time-marching formulation, in which individual components of the vehicle are modeled separately, and forces/motion at the interface are exchanged between the systems within each time step. This approach is advantageous in that it does not require direct coupling of the substructures, therefore allowing for the models to be of dissimilar form. The methodology is applied to a representative configuration consisting of an all-movable hypersonic vehicle lifting surface model containing aero...
Is Diversity Detrimental? Ethnic Fractionalization, Public Goods Provision, and the Historical Legacies of Stateness

Existing research has shown that highly diverse countries tend to provide less public goods. This article argues, by contrast, that the relationship is spurious: both contemporary ethnic heterogeneity and low public goods provision represent legacies of a weakly developed state capacity inherited from the past. Classical theories of state formation are then tested to show that favorable topography and climate, high population densities, as well as a history of warfare are conducive to state formation. Using an instrumental variable approach, I show that previous ethnic diversity is not consistently an impediment to the formation of indigenous states and thus to contemporary public goods provision. Empirically, this article uses three different measurements of public goods provision and data on pre-colonial levels of state formation in Asia and Africa to test these various hypotheses.
Cheek Redness in a Newborn

A newborn presents with redness of both cheeks. ### Prenatal History: 33-year-old G4P2 white woman had a prenatal course that was complicated by fetal tachycardia at 35 weeks estimated gestational age, which resolved without intervention, and anemia requiring blood transfusion 1 week before delivery. Prenatal laboratory evaluation revealed unremarkable findings; group B Streptococcus status was unknown. ### Birth History: At 18 hours of age, the infant’s heart rate is more than 190 beats/min. Electrocardiography shows supraventricular tachycardia. The vagal maneuver with ice bag elicits no response. She responds to one dose of intravenous adenosine, with subsequent resolution of the tachycardia. She is transferred to a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit for further cardiac evaluation. ### Physical Examination:
Effect of Temperature on the Production of Males and Sexual Mosaics in a Uniparental Race of Trichogramma semifumatum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Trichogramma semifumatum (Perkins) parasitizes a wide variety of insect eggs. Like most Hymenoptera this species usually exhibits a type of parthenogenetic reproduction known as arrhenotoky, i.e., fertilized eggs produce females and unfertilized eggs produce males. In 1961, a uniparental race of T. semifumatum was discovered near Bishop, Calif. When this race is continually reared below 78°F, the progeny are almost entirely females but on a very rare occasion a male is produced. As the temperature is increased to 78°F and above, males are produced in higher ratios. At 90°F the progeny consists of about 97% sterile males and 3% sexual mosaics. Sex of the offspring is determined by the temperature at which the mother is reared and not by the temperature at which the progeny are reared. There is a critical period during development of the mother in which temperature and its duration drastically affect the sex of her offspring. This period occurs in the pupal stage when reproductive cell division and egg maturation take place. Exposure to heat (78°–90°F) before or after this critical period does not change the sex of the offspring from females to males and sexual mosaics. The ability to reproduce is retained by sexual mosaic females, even though they possess extreme degrees of male characters in the structure of the antennae. Males produced at 80°F were found to be sterile. Probably all males produced by this uniparental race are sterile.
Abstract 1191: Managing the cross talk: BRCA1 and its regulation of the p53 family, E2f1/Rb and apoptosis

Under constant assault from internal and external stresses, the cell constantly monitors cellular damage, repairing damage when it is able. If the cell deems the damage too great to repair, it activates the pathways that induce programmed cell death. This life or death decision is controlled, in part, by the activation of the tumor suppressor, p53. Upon stabilization and activation, p53 activates a variety of genes including those genes capable of inducing apoptosis. Our lab has previously demonstrated that the tumor suppressor, BRCA1, is capable of stabilizing p53 and directing it to cell cycle arrest genes at the expense of apoptotic genes. In our efforts to understand the mechanism by which BRCA1 is able to prevent expression of apoptotic genes, we have discovered that BRCA1 also stabilizes E2F1, an oncogene that is able to induce p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, we have found that BRCA1 also induces DNp73, a pro-survival member of the p53 family. We hypothesize that BRCA1 may be interfering with the interaction between E2F1 and Rb that has been shown to be important for the apoptotic response to DNA damage. Furthermore, we are currently using siRNA to inhibit expression of these genes to determine the relative contribution of DNp63, DNp73 and E2F1/Rb signaling to control the cell9s decision to undergo apoptosis in response to BRCA1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1191. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1191
Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement: The Case of New York in the Postwar Decades

In the summer of 1989, an extended strike by the various “Baby Bell” telephone companies, including those of New York, Massachusetts, California, and thirteen other states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast, brought to public attention the importance of health and hospital insurance to the nation's workers. In what the Los Angeles Times headline proclaimed was a “Phone Strike Centered on the Issue of Health Care,” workers at NYNEX, Pacific Bell, and Bell Atlantic went out on strike over management's insistence that the unions pay a greater portion of their hospital insurance premiums. In contrast to their willingness to grant wage concessions throughout most of the 1980s, the unions and their membership struck to protect what was once considered a “fringe” benefit of union membership. What had been a trivial cost to companies in the 1940s and 1950s had risen to 7.9 percent of payroll in 1984 and 13.6 percent by 1989. Unable to control the industry that had formed around hospitals, doctors, drug companies, and insurance, portions of the labor movement redefined its central mission: the fringes of the previous forty years were now central concerns. In the words of one local president engaged in the bitter communication workers strike: “‘It took us 40 years of collective bargaining’ to reach a contract in which the employer contributed [substantially to] the costs of health care, ‘and now they want to go in one fell swoop backward.’”
The discovery of the sub-threshold currents M and Q/H in central neurons

Abstract The history, content and consequences of the highly-cited 1982 Brain Research paper by Halliwell and Adams are summarized. The paper pioneered the use of the single-electrode voltage clamp in mammalian brain slices, described 2 novel sub-threshold voltage-dependent ionic currents, IM and IQ/H, and suggested that cholinergic inputs “enabled” pyramidal cell firing in response to conventional synaptic input, the first example of central neuromodulation. The paper, published in Brain Research to give the first author appropriate importance, heralded an ongoing tidal wave of quantitative electrophysiology in mammalian central neurons. original article abstract Voltage-clamp analysis of muscarinic excitation in hippocampal neurons Pyramidal cells in the CA1 field of guinea pig hippocampal slices were voltage-clamped using a single microelectrode, at 23–30 °C. Small inwardly relaxing currents triggered by step hyperpolarizations from holding potentials of −80 to −40 mV were investigated. Inward relaxations occurring for negative steps between −40 mV and −70 mV resembled M-currents of sympathetic ganglion cells: they were abolished by addition of carbachol, muscarine or bethanechol, as well as by 1 mM barium; the relaxations appeared to invert at around −80 mV; they became faster at more negative potentials; and the inversion potential was shifted positively by raising external K+ concentration. Inward relaxations triggered by steps negative to −80 mV, in contrast, appeared to reflect passage of another current species, which has been labeled IQ.Thus IQ did not invert negative to −80 mV, it was insensitive to muscarinic agonizts or to barium, and it was blocked by 0.5–3 mM cesium (which does not block IM). Turn-on of IQ causes the well known droop in the hyperpolarizing electrotonic potential in these cells. The combined effects of IQ and IM make the steady-state current–voltage relation of CA1 cells slightly sigmoidal around rest potential. It is suggested that activation of cholinergic septal inputs to the hippocampus facilitates repetitive firing off pyramidal cells by turning off the M-conductance, without much change in the resting potential of the cell. © 1982. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:50th Anniversary Issue.
Heisenberg Uncertainty

In this paper it is suggested that the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, normally applied to physical systems, can be applied in analogy to certain phenomena found in software engineering. The point is illustrated with several examples.The applications of this principle in the design and testing of software is discussed. The import of this is that paradigms relating physical phenomena to software engineering may be found.
Relationship between pulse wave velocity and risk of cerebrovascular disease: a case-control study

Objective To discuss the role of carotid femoral pulse wave velocity(cf PWV) and carotid-radial arterial pulse wave velocity(cr PWV) on the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Methods Between January 2012 and December 2013, we collected 98 cases with acute cerebral infarction and 92 cases with cerebral hemorrhage in the department of neurology in First Hospital of Lianshan. Meanwhile, we recruited 96 cases as controls. Pulse wave velocity meter was taken to determine the one side of the cf PWV and cr PWV. Results Cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were more likely to have the habit of smoking and drinking. Also, they were likely to suffer from hypertension and diabetes when compared with the control group(P0.05).Cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were more likely to have higher TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C level when compared with control group(P0.05). The cf PWV and cr PWV levels in the cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05). However, we did not find a significant difference regarding the PWV level between different areas of acute cerebral infarction and between different parts of the brain hemorrhage(P0.05).Conclusion PWV is a non-invasion detection method for arterial elasticity. It could be used for central artery elasticity parameters,and it plays an important role on the evaluation of the vascular function. We might take this method to screen the cerebrovascular disease in advance, thereby achieving the effect of secondary prevention.
Monitoring results of soil source nematode disease in Liquan County of Xianyang in 2013

[Objective]To understand the infectious status of soil source nematode among residents in Liquan County,provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures.[Method]According to the requirements of " national soil source nematode disease prevention and control program",the sites were selected and the monitoring groups were determined,the infectious status of soil source nematode were investigated by modified Kato Katz method and transparent tape anal swab method for 3-12 years old group.[Result]2 500 people were investigated,the infectious rate was 1.40%( 35/2 500),among the infectious rate of Ascaris and Trichuris were 1. 08%( 27 /2 500) and 0. 32%( 8 /2 500). The hookworm and pinworm were not detected. [Conclusion]Liquan County is the Ⅲ areas of soil source nematodes prevalence. The older,low educational level and engaged in agricultural production population are the focus groups infected soil source nematode. We should continue to strengthen the publicity of the prevention and control knowledge.
Modeling Population Growth and Response to Harvest for River Otters in Illinois

Population modeling is an invaluable tool for predicting wildlife population dynamics and the effects of management. I created a state-space population model for unharvested river otters in the Illinois, Kaskaskia, and Wabash river basins in Illinois, and modeled future harvest at 5%, 10%, and 20% levels. River otter populations increased in the absence of harvest during 2000 – 2009 to 8,408 ± 1,934 individuals (λ = 1.11 ± 0.09). Harvest at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% levels resulted in continued population growth over time, with annual harvest numbers ranging from 446 – 1,786 in 2010 to 884 – 2,614 in 2014, depending on harvest scenario. I concluded that river otter populations in Illinois were thriving and capable of withstanding a regulated harvest.
Load Balancing in Grid Computing Using AI Techniques

Work load and resource management are two important factors that have to manage across the grid environment. To increase the overall efficiency of grid based infrastructure the work load across the grid environment has to manage. Hence the work load must be evenly scheduled across the grid nodes so that grid resources can be properly exploited. The technique that we have investigated in this paper is based upon the combination of genetic algorithms which is an evolutionary algorithm and artificial neural networks. Both of these techniques are applied for local grid load balancing. Genetic algorithm selects the optimal set of jobs for assigning to the grid nodes which overall minimizes the total execution time. Afterwards when optimal set of jobs is selected they are assigned to artificial neural network which selects the minimum loaded grid processor for further processing of this optimal set of jobs. We compare our proposed technique with the already existing strategies for load balancing like random algorithm, round robin algorithm, decreasing time algorithm and least connection algorithm. Results shows that our strategy gives optimal results in terms of overall time efficiency. So we can overall conclude that GA’s and ANN’s increase overall efficiency of job scheduling especially in case where the tasks coming for scheduling and processing nodes are continuously increasing.
1957: Bermuda, Washington, Paris

On the evening of 6 November 1956, Dwight D. Eisenhower watched the returns as American voters resoundingly re-elected him to his second term as the thirty-fourth president of the United States. His margin of victory over Adlai Stevenson, his Democratic opponent in both 1952 and 1956, was even greater than four years previously. In 1956, Eisenhower won 57 percent of the popular vote and 457 votes in the Electoral College, a triumph of landslide proportions.1 Eisenhower’s two victories in 1952 and 1956 made him the greatest vote-getter in the history of the Republican Party. Moreover, not since the days of George Washington (Eisenhower’s hero, ironically) had an American leader occupied center stage, in war and peace, for as long a period of time as had Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Improved Outcomes Following Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Diagnosis in Patients Screened for HCC in a Large Academic Liver Center versus Patients Identified in the Community.

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. Knowledge and adherence to HCC surveillance guidelines has been associated with earlier detection. We sought to evaluate characteristics and outcomes following HCC diagnosis in patients screened for HCC in a large academic liver center versus patients diagnosed and referred from the community. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients diagnosed with HCC in the liver center of an academic institution from January 1999 till December 2013. Patients were classified into two groups: patients followed in our hepatology clinic and patients with HCC recently referred to our center. Univariate analysis was performed using chi-squared test and multivariate analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The records of 410 patients were reviewed, and included 77.3% of patients referred from the community and 22.7% of patients followed in our clinic. In the clinic group, 75.6% were identified with one nodule at initial diagnosis, compared to 65.6% in the referral group. Patients in the referral group were more likely to present with tumors ≥5 cm at diagnosis, with 28.7% compared to 5.4% in the clinic group (p < 0.0001). Patients referred from the community were also less likely to undergo transplant, with 32.2% as compared to 48.4% of the clinic group (p < 0.004). Conclusion: Patients with chronic liver disease managed in an academic liver center present in the early stage of HCC diagnosis and are more likely to meet the Milan criteria and undergo transplant. Early referral to a specialized transplant center, if feasible, where a multidisciplinary approach is utilized might be essential in the management of chronic liver disease.
The Impact of Human Capital Measures on Firm Performance: A Comparison by Gender, Race and Ethnicity

Prior research suggests that firms owned by women and minorities are smaller, less profitable, and less growth-oriented than those owned by white men. Prior research also suggests that firm performance is influenced by the firm owner's level of human capital in the form of education, employment experience, and life experiences that might help him to prepare for the challenges of small business ownership. This artical compares the performance of firms owned by white men to those owned by white women and by minority small business owners to determine if higher levels of human capital eliminate performance gaps between them. Results reveal that firms owned by white and black women and firms owned by black men were still significantly smaller, even controlling for industry sector and various measures of human capital. Contrary to prior research, however, firms owned by women and minorities were no less profitable nor less likely to grow. The sole exception to this finding was that firms owned by Asian men were significantly less likely to exhibit sales growth than firms owned by white men.
Excited-State Dynamics of a DNA Duplex in a Deep Eutectic Solvent Probed by Femtosecond Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy

To better understand how the solvent influences excited-state deactivation in DNA strands, femtosecond time-resolved IR (fs-TRIR) pump–probe measurements were performed on a d(AT)9·d(AT)9 duplex dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) made from choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a 1:2 mol ratio. This solvent, known as ethaline, is a member of a class of ionic liquids capable of solubilizing DNA with minimal disruption to its secondary structure. UV melting analysis reveals that the duplex studied here melts at 18 °C in ethaline compared to 50 °C in aqueous solution. Ethaline has an excellent transparency window that facilitates TRIR measurements in the double-bond stretching region. Transient spectra recorded in deuterated ethaline at room temperature indicate that photoinduced intrastrand charge transfer occurs from A to T, yielding the same exciplex state previously detected in aqueous solution. This state decays via charge recombination with a lifetime of 380 ± 10 ps compared to the 300 ± 10 ps...
Voice in Self-Study*

I argue in this chapter that the voices in self-study research are integral to creating and exploring a new landscape in teacher education that is able to bridge long-standing gaps. These voices are heterophonic and polyphonous, authoritative and authentic. They highlight dissonance and living contradictions within teacher education contexts. In doing so, they are creating a discourse that is responsive to the contexts teachers and teacher educators find themselves in. This is the new discourse of the new landscape in teacher education.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF EEG EFFECTS INDUCED BY SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE IN THE RAT*1

Systemic administration of morphine and other agonists in the rat has been reported to induce dose-dependent slow spindle bursts and EEG synchrony in association with behavioral stupor. The methods employed in these studies involved primarily manual scoring techniques. The present studies were undertaken to quantify the dose response characteristics of systemic morphine injection using spectral analysis techniques. Fast Fourier Transform routines were used to obtain frequency histograms in real-time, and compiled into compressed spectral arrays for each drug run, i.e., for the different doses of morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) administered systemically. Using this technique, shifts in the frequency characteristics of the EEG were observed to be dose-dependent and effective in evaluating the latency and extent of the drug effect. Consequently, indices developed from these frequency histograms can be important measures in the statistical evaluation of the effect of any brain manipulation such as protein malnutrition, pharmacological manipulation or electrical stimulation.
Time-Dependent Rheological Behavior of Polymeric Systems

The capability to describe time-dependent rheological material behavior is a necessary element of any new proposed viscoelastic equation. Recently, Leonov1,2 published a rheological equation, based upon irreversible thermodynamics, which describes the behavior of elastic polymeric fluids over a wide range of elastic strain. This model has subsequently been used for predicting flow orientation in injection molding3, where it was shown that the time-dependent rheological behavior is important for predicting frozen-in birefringence in molded parts. In the present paper, by using the Leonov equation together with numerical methods, the following two time-dependent problems are considered: (1) transient simple shear flow with impulsive change from zero shear rate to non-zero constant shear rate with subsequent relaxation following cessation of flow; (2) oscillatory shear flow in the linear and non-linear regimes.