cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model for line capacity design for PWB assembly systems

Abstract In a multi-product, flexible manufacturing environment, line capacity of printed wiring board (PWB) assembly systems may need to be designed at the beginning of each aggregate planning period because of demand fluctuation over multiple periods. A model of line capacity design problem and production planning at the aggregate level is developed, in which production and subcontracting are assumed to be two options for a firm to meet market demand. The model presented is a large-scale integer programming problem, it cannot be solved by using standard- or mixed-integer programming codes. Under the assumption that each machine line is dedicated to produce one product family, the model can be decomposed as a relatively small subproblem, and each subproblem has good properties by which the subproblems can be further simplified and decomposed over multiple planning periods. As the result, the original large-scale two-stage integer programming problem can be approximately solved by solving a series of small-scale mixed-integer programming, which can be implemented on a workstation or a PC. Computational studies show that the solution method is developed which gives near-optimal solutions with much less computational effort.
CHILDREN, PEOPLE'S TROUBLES, AND THE IMAGE OF PSYCHOLOGISTS.

Job titles given by two widely disparate samples, consisting of 100 male undergraduates and 304 (165 boys and 139 girls) culturally disadvantaged children in Grades 3 through 6, to the male figure ...
A Study of Gimlet Use in Reference Transactions

The focus of this research study is a web-based reference tracking tool called Gimlet. Surveys were sent to State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY Oswego) librarians and to librarians and staff in the United States and abroad. Results indicated that SUNY Oswego librarians find Gimlet a useful and convenient tool that helps them feel productive while generating informative statistics. Respondents outside SUNY Oswego found Gimlet easy to administer and customize, but required improved functionality to generate reports. The reports are valuable to librarians and administrators for evaluating programs. Although Gimlet is user friendly, a library's needs vary according to customizable options and in the generating of reports.
Flagellate Parasites of Water Striders with a Description of Leptomonas costoris, n. sp.*

SYNOPSIS. Leptomonas costoris n. sp. is described from Gerris comatus. It differs from other species of Leptomonas in the structure of the reservoir which has ultramicroscopic thickenings in its wall, matched by corresponding thickenings in the adjacent flagellar membrane. The one or two diagonal lines seen in the reservoirs of Giemsa-stained specimens are thought to be manifestations of these ultramicroscopic fibrils. The reservoir structure suggests a close relationship between this species and Cryptobia, (family Bodonidae) in which somewhat similar structures have been described. Blastocrithidia veliae is redescribed and differentiated from B. gerridis.
A proposed general protocol for testing bioequivalence of controlled-release drug products

Abstract This paper proposes methods to test whether marketed or newly developed controlled-release drug products are functioning in the manner indicated by the formulation and product literature. Typical controlled-release preparations are supposed to release part of the dose immediately, the amount should be essentially consistent with a conventional release single-dose product, and the rest of the dose at a constant (zero-order) or nearly constant rate. These release patterns can be effectively evaluated by calculation of a controlled-release effectiveness (CRE) parameter and an absorption rate effectiveness (ARE) parameter described herein.
264 - Redox Reactions and Antitumor Activity of Tetra-μ-Carboxylatodirhodium(II)

Abstract The redox reactions of a series of tetra-μ-carboxylatodirhodium(II) complexes, Rh2(O2CR)4, were investigated in both aqueous and non-aqueous media at platinum and mercury electrodes. Ten different complexes of Rh2(O2CR)4 were chosen in which R varied from an electron donating to an electron withdrawing substituent. For each compound, a diffusion controlled one electron oxidation and an irreversible multielectron reduction was obtained. The potentials of each reaction were related linearly to the Gutmann donor number and to the substituent, R. The antitumor activity of Rh2(O2CC2H5)4 and of the oxidized complex [Rh2(O2CC2H5)]+ was also compared, showing the oxidized species was slightly more active than the neutral complex. No definite trend between redox and antitumor activity of Rh2(O2CR)4 complexes was observed.
Preparatory adaptations for winter survival in the cold hardy beetles,Dendroides canadensis andDendroides concolor

Thermal hysteresis (indicative of macromolecular antifreeze levels) was measured in hemolymph samples from the beetle,Dendroides canadensis, after acclimation to a short (8 h) photoperiod at 20 °C, or long (16 h) photoperiod at temperatures of 10 and 20 °C. Both the short photoperiod and low temperature (10 °C) treatment caused a significant elevation of thermal hysteresis, thereby implicating increased antifreeze protein production. Oxygen consumption rates of animals in each acclimation treatment were measured and no significant differences in metabolic rates were noted between treatments when measured at a high (20 °C) temperature. Thus, conditions which initiate antifreeze protein production fail to induce a diapause condition, characterized by a drop in metabolic rates. Likewise, natural populations sampled in mid-winter possess elevated levels of thermal hysteresis, and accumulated glycerol and sorbitol, but do not show a depressed metabolic rate. Therefore,D. canadensis do not enter a diapause during the winter, but are fully capable of achieving a high level of cold hardiness through the accumulation of antifreeze proteins and polyhydroxy alcohols.
Sequential Cavity Use in a Cottonwood Bottomland

I studied the patterns and frequency of cavity reuse in a community of cavity-nesting birds in a cottonwood bottomland along the South Platte River in northeastern Colorado from 1985-1987. Of 100 cavities occupied in 1985, 56% were reused in 1986; 38.5% of 122 cavities occupied in 1986 were reused in 1987. Of 81 old cavities monitored in both 1986 and 1987, 65.4% were reused at least once. Similar proportions of secondary cavity-nesting bird (SCNB) and primary cavity-nesting bird (PCNB) cavities were reused in both years. Reoccupancy by the same species was 27% and 20.5% in 1986 and 1987, respectively, and was greater for SCNB than for PCNB cavities in both years. Conversely, reoccupancy by different species was greater for PCNB than for SCNB cavities in both years. Thus, old cavities of PCNB were more available to other species of cavity-nesting birds, whereas old SCNB cavities tended to be reused by the same species that previously occupied the cavity. SCNB used a greater proportion of old cavities than did PCNB in both 1986 and 1987. House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) and Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) reoccupied most of the old cavities.
Age-Dependent Netrin-1 Signaling Regulates NG2+ Glial Cell Spatial Homeostasis in Normal Adult Gray Matter

Neuron–glial antigen 2-positive (NG2+) glial cells are the most proliferative glia type in the adult CNS, and their tile-like arrangement in adult gray matter is under tight regulation. However, little is known about the cues that govern this unique distribution. To this end, using a NG2+ glial cell ablation model in mice, we examined the repopulation dynamics of NG2+ glial cells in the mature and aged mice gray matter. We found that some resident NG2+ glial cells that escaped depletion rapidly enter the cell cycle to repopulate the cortex with altered spatial distribution. We reveal that netrin-1 signaling is involved in the NG2+ glial cell early proliferative, late repopulation, and distribution response after ablation in the gray matter. However, ablation of NG2+ glial cell in older animals failed to stimulate a similar repopulation response, possibly because of a decrease in the sensitivity to netrin-1. Our findings indicate that endogenous netrin-1 plays a role in NG2+ glial cell homeostasis that is distinct from its role in myelination.
Rate dependent finite deformation stress–strain behavior of an ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer and an ethylene methacrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer

The large strain deformation behaviors of an ethylene methacrylic acid (EMAA) copolymer and an ethylene methacrylic acid butyl acrylate (EMAABA) copolymer are evaluated and compared in compression over nearly eight orders of magnitude in strain rate, from 10 �4 to almost 10 4 /s. Transition regimes are quantified using dynamic mechanical analysis. The stress–strain behavior of these copolymers exhibits a relatively stiff initial behavior followed by a rollover to a more compliant response. The low strain modulus, the rollover stress and the large deformation stress–strain behavior are strongly dependent on strain rate. The proximity of the material glass transition to the room temperature test conditions results in a substantial change in the nature of the rate sensitivity of the stress–strain behavior as one moves over the range of strain rates. The mechanical behavior of the EMAA is contrasted to that of a corresponding EMAABA terpolymer and to its sodium-neutralized counterpart (EMAABANa). The nature of the rate sensitivity of the room temperature stress–strain behavior of EMAA transitions from a behavior near the glassy end of the leathery regime at low rates to a near glassy behavior at high rates. The butyl acrylate content in the EMAABA lowers the glass transition temperature and leads to a more compliant mechanical behavior (reduced initial stiffness, reduced rollover stress, reduced post-rollover stress level) at room temperature. The EMAABA behavior transitions from a rubbery-like behavior at the lowest rates to a leathery-like behavior at the highest rates. Upon sodium neutralization, the overall stiffness and flow stress levels are enhanced likely due to the presence of the ionic aggregates; the glass transition of EMAABANa is broadened in comparison to the EMAABA, giving a rate dependent room temperature behavior that transitions through the leathery regime with increasing strain rate. A constitutive model that separately accounts for the distinct deformation resistances of the crystalline domains and the amorphous domains is able to capture the changes in rate dependent deformation behavior of the EMAA copolymers studied herein. The crystalline domains provide resistance to flow across a wide window in rate and temperature whereas the amorphous domains provide increasing resistance as the strain rate is increased and the material effectively transitions through the glass transition regime, providing a mechanism for changing rate sensitivity.
Potentiation of Pain Relief with Hydroxyzine: A Therapeutic Myth?

Opioid analgesics are among the oldest known medications. In spite of long usage, clinical success in controlling pain in many settings appears to be limited by a lack of understanding of the clinical pharmacology of these agents. Efforts to achieve better outcomes often focus on the use of adjunctive agents, such as hydroxyzine, in an attempt to control postoperative pain with a minimum of toxicity. Although such combined therapies are exceedingly common, clinical data supporting a hypothesis of an "opioid-sparing" effect of hydroxyzine are marked by serious methodologic flaws, including lack of placebo control, lack of statistical analyses, and use of subjective assessments, all of which compromise the validity of such conclusions. In doses that may contribute to pain relief, hydroxyzine demonstrates a significant potential for causing respiratory depression which is additive to that of opioids, but not reversible with naloxone. In total, the data do not confirm the purported clinical benefits of hydroxyzine-opioid combinations in comparison with appropriate regimens of opioids alone.
Prevalence and Correlates of Dietary Supplement Use in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus at an Academic Diabetes Care Clinic

ObjectivesThis study sought to describe the prevalence of supplement use by those with diabetes mellitus receiving care at an academic outpatient diabetes care center and to identify any association of supplement use with glycemic control.MethodsThis study is based on a retrospective audit of provider-verified and patient–self-reported medication and supplement use by adults with diabetes at the University of Washington Diabetes Care Center during four 2-week periods from fall 2006 through summer 2007 (1 period per season).ResultsVerified medication and supplement histories for 459 adults demonstrated a per-person average use of 7 ± 4.1 prescription medicines and 0.4 ± 0.9 over-the-counter medicines daily, with 55% using some form of vitamin, mineral, or nonvitamin–nonmineral supplement on a daily basis. The rate of nonvitamin–nonmineral use was nearly twice that for type 2 diabetes mellitus as for type 1 diabetes mellitus (39.3% vs 20.3%), and A1c was lower in those using any supplement compared to those...
New robust stability results for linear systems with structured non-linear perturbations

AbstractThe robust stability of linear systems with unstructured, structured or non-linear perturbations is investigated in a unifying framework. New sufficient conditions in terms of matrix Riccati inequalities are obtained. Some previously known results are generalized.
Realizable lower bounds for time delay estimation

The accuracy of time delay estimates obtainable in active localization systems is studied, focusing on the effect of ambiguities in the time delay estimates. Such ambiguities occur when the transmitted signal has small relative bandwidth. Then, for signal to noise ratios below a certain threshold, the commonly used Cramer-Rao lower bound is not realizable. The study concentrates on the region of intermediate SNR values, where the Cramer-Rao bound is no longer achievable, but useful information on time delays can still be obtained from the measurement. Realizable bounds for the single and two echo cases are obtained by deriving a new form of the Barankin (1949) bound for active time delay estimation. This form maintains the realizability property of the most general form, but is of reasonable complexity. New bounds are derived for the multiple echo case. Examples are presented to illustrate the dependence of the bound on parameters such as SNR, relative bandwidth, and echo separation. >
Fredrik Barth: From Fieldwork to Theory

Fredrik Barth: From Fieldwork to Theory. 1999. 56 minutes, color. video by Werner Sperschneider. Coproduced by the Institut fur den Wissenschaftlichen Film (IWF) and the Danish Film Institute Workshop. For more information, contact the IWF-Knowledge and Media, Nonnenstieg 72, 37075, Gottingen, Germany; www.iwf.de.
Synthesis of Zirconia and Hafnia Tubes by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Template Method

Highly ordered zirconia and hafnia nanotubes are prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) within the pores of an anodic alumina oxide (AAO) template. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize the morphology and elemental compositions of the different and EDS mapping of the entire sample cross-section. The diameters of the AAO channels are in the range of 200 nm and thickness of 60 μm. The length and diameter of the hafnia and zirconia nanotubes are dependent upon the pore diameter, the thickness of the applied AAO template and the ALD deposition time. The results indicate that the tubes are very uniformly assembled and parallel to each other in the pores of the AAO template.
Adapting System Execution Traces for Validation of Distributed System QoS Properties

System execution traces are useful artifacts for validating distributed system quality-of-service (QoS) properties, such as end-to-end response time, throughput, and service time. With proper planning during development phase of the software lifecycle, it is possible to ensure such traces contain required properties to facilitate analysis for QoS validation. In some case, however, it is not possible to ensure system execution traces contain the necessary properties for QoS analysis. This paper presents the System Execution Trace Adaptation Framework (SETAF) for adapting system execution traces to support analysis of QoS properties. It also presents results from applying SETAF to externally developed applications. The results show that it is possible to validate QoS properties by automatically adapting system execution traces at analysis time instead of modifying the application's existing source code.
NIF CAPSULE PERFORMANCE MODELING

Post-shot modeling of NIF capsule implosions was performed in order to validate our physical and numerical models. Cryogenic layered target implosions and experiments with surrogate targets produce an abundance of capsule performance data including implosion velocity, remaining ablator mass, times of peak x-ray and neutron emission, core image size, core symmetry, neutron yield, and x-ray spectra. We have attempted to match the integrated data set with capsule-only simulations by adjusting the drive and other physics parameters within expected uncertainties. The simulations include interface roughness, time- dependent symmetry, and a model of mix. We were able to match many of the measured performance parameters for a selection of shots.
The Genome-based Knowledge Management in Cycles model: a complex adaptive systems framework for implementation of genomic applications

The main mission of the Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network™ is to advance collaborative efforts involving partners from across the public health sector to realize the promise of genomics in healthcare and disease prevention. We introduce a new framework that supports the Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network mission and leverages the characteristics of the complex adaptive systems approach. We call this framework the Genome-based Knowledge Management in Cycles model (G-KNOMIC). G-KNOMIC proposes that the collaborative work of multidisciplinary teams utilizing genome-based applications will enhance translating evidence-based genomic findings by creating ongoing knowledge management cycles. Each cycle consists of knowledge synthesis, knowledge evaluation, knowledge implementation and knowledge utilization. Our framework acknowledges that all the elements in the knowledge translation process are interconnected and continuously changing. It also recognizes the importance of feedback loops, and the ability of teams to self-organize within a dynamic system. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to improve the adoption of genomic technologies into practice using two case studies of genomic uptake.
HERITABILITY OF NECTAR TRAITS: WHY DO WE KNOW SO LITTLE?

Although floral and extrafloral nectar traits are important for plant repro- duction and defense, we know little about their genetic basis. Only a handful of studies have quantified heritable variation for nectar traits, primarily in controlled environments that minimize environmental variation. Most such studies have reported strong genetic influences, with heritabilities often .0.35. However, because nectar traits are often very responsive to environmental variation, even substantial amounts of genetic variation may be swamped out in the field. Environmental variation deserves to be studied in its own right, including exploration of genotype 3 environment interaction for nectar traits. Most genetic studies of nectar have focused on production rate and concentration, whereas we know almost nothing about the heritability of other important traits such as production patterns, sugar ratios, amino acid composition, taste, and scent. Likewise, almost nothing is known about the heritability of extrafloral nectar traits. Important progress on all of these fronts can be made using simple experimental designs to quantify environmental effects, genotype 3 environment interactions, clonal repeatability, and correlated traits. There is great promise in molecular approaches, but their use will not obviate the need for more quantitative genetic studies in the field and greenhouse.
STAMPS: Software Tool for Automated MRI Post-processing on a supercomputer

This paper describes a Software Tool for Automated MRI Post-processing (STAMP) of multiple types of brain MRIs on a workstation and for parallel processing on a supercomputer (STAMPS). This software tool enables the automation of nonlinear registration for a large image set and for multiple MR image types. The tool uses standard brain MRI post-processing tools (such as SPM, FSL, and HAMMER) for multiple MR image types in a pipeline fashion. It also contains novel MRI post-processing features. The STAMP image outputs can be used to perform brain analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) or single-/multi-image modality brain analysis using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Since STAMPS is PBS-based, the supercomputer may be a multi-node computer cluster or one of the latest multi-core computers.
An Embedded Statistical Method for Coupling Molecular Dynamics and Finite Element Analyses

The coupling of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with finite element methods (FEM) yields computationally efficient models that link fundamental material processes at the atomistic level with continuum field responses at higher length scales. The theoretical challenge involves developing a seamless connection along an interface between two inherently different simulation frameworks. Various specialized methods have been developed to solve particular classes of problems. Many of these methods link the kinematics of individual MD atoms with FEM nodes at their common interface, necessarily requiring that the finite element mesh be refined to atomic resolution. Some of these coupling approaches also require simulations to be carried out at 0 K and restrict modeling to two-dimensional material domains due to difficulties in simulating full three-dimensional material processes. In the present work, a new approach to MD-FEM coupling is developed based on a restatement of the standard boundary value problem used to define a coupled domain. The method replaces a direct linkage of individual MD atoms and finite element (FE) nodes with a statistical averaging of atomistic displacements in local atomic volumes associated with each FE node in an interface region. The FEM and MD computational systems are effectively independent and communicate only through an iterative update of their boundary conditions. With the use of statistical averages of the atomistic quantities to couple the two computational schemes, the developed approach is referred to as an embedded statistical coupling method (ESCM). ESCM provides an enhanced coupling methodology that is inherently applicable to three-dimensional domains, avoids discretization of the continuum model to atomic scale resolution, and permits finite temperature states to be applied.
Using Neural Networks to Predict Breathing Motion

This paper describes the use of neural networks for real-time spatial and temporal tracking of radiotherapy treatment sites during free breathing. These techniques will allow the reduction and possible elimination of dose-limiting motion margins in external-beam radiation delivery plans.
Surgery relieved symptoms but decreased survival more than medical treatment in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Source Citation Spechler SJ, Lee E, Ahnen D, et al. Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;2...
PeNTa: Formal Modeling for Multi-touch Systems Using Petri Net

Multi-touch technology has become pervasive in our daily lives, with iPhones, iPads, touch displays, and other devices. It is important to find a user input model that can work for multi-touch gesture recognition and can serve as a building block for modeling other modern input devices e.g., Leap Motion, gyroscope. We present a novel approach to model multi-touch input using Petri Nets. We formally define our method, explain how it works, and the possibility to extend it for other devices.
USA issues on prescription opioids

INTRODUCTION: The availability of prescription opioids increased several fold in many countries in the 1990s, leading to increasing rates of diversion, abuse and death related to these drugs. Increasing mortality has prompted thousands of local, state or federal interventions in the US. One intervention is abuse deterrent formulations of prescription opioids. We report rates of abuse and diversion of prescription opioids in the United States before and after the introduction of abuse deterrent formulations. METHOD: The Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction Related Services (RADARS®) System was created to perform up-to-date surveillance from multiple perspectives. We used all RADARS programs to describe trends in prescription opioids. RESULT: The trends of diversion and abuse after introduction of reformulated oxycodone ER and oxymorphone ER showed marked reductions in abuse cases reported to poison centers, diversion cases in law enforcement and abuse in treatment programs. Deaths associated with poisoning cases have also decreased. Furthermore, the street prices of abuse deterrent products are lower than their crushable versions. CONCLUSION: Oxycodone and oxymorphone tablets that are difficult to crush and solubilize offer one method to reduce abuse of these products. The impact of these new products on overall abuse of prescription opioids is unknown. Language: en
The Bracquemond-Rousseau Table Service of 1866

Inspired by Japanese art and French eighteenth-century porcelain, the Rousseau-Bracquemond ceramic table service of 1866 blurred the line between the decorative and the fine arts. Exhibited at the 1867 World’s Fair in Paris, the service met with exceptional critical and commercial success. This paper focuses on the Rousseau-Bracquemond service to propose that cross-cultural encounters unsettled hierarchical relationships among media in nineteenth-century France. Through a visual and historiographical analysis of this case study, the paper offers a re-evaluation of the interrelationships among ceramics and modern painting. Challenging Eurocentric art historical narratives, the paper explores how the Rousseau-Bracquemond service connected Japonisme, historicism, and Republican thought. Politically charged and technically innovative, the service exemplified a new type of cross-media collaborations among a network of artists, dealers, critics, and collectors. At the intersection of ornament and realism, their radical work marked a major change in the relation between art and design.
The Number of Zeros of a Polynomial in a Disk as a Consequence of Restrictions on the Coefficients

We put restrictions on the coefficients of polynomials and give bounds concerning the number of zeros in a specific region. The restrictions involve a monotonicity-type condition on the coefficients of the even powers of the variable and on the coefficients of the odd powers of the variable (treated separately). We present results by imposing the restrictions on the moduli of the coefficients, the real and imaginary parts of the coefficients, and the real parts (only) of the coefficients.
Degradation of Xylylformamidines by the Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Tetranychus urticae Koch absorbed and degraded U-44193 ( N, N ″-thiobis-[ N -methyl- N ′-2,4-xylylformamidine]), amitraz, BTS-27271 ( N ′ -[2,4-dimethylphenyl] N -methylformamidine), and 2,4-dimethylformanilide following contact exposure. In addition to 2,4-dimethylformanilide, other degradation products common to the three formamidines included 2,4-dimethylaniline, 4-formamino-3-methylbenzoic acid, 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, and 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid.
Extended Leisure Experiences: A Sociological Conceptualization

Our interest in this research reflection is to introduce what we call extended leisure experiences—activities that leisure participants engage in following the completion of a primary leisure activity. Our approach is largely descriptive and exploratory as we outline some properties of the concept and then flesh them out using observations gleaned from participation in the social worlds of contract bridge and music scenes. An understanding of extended leisure experiences will broaden our appreciation of how different phases of leisure activity are connected with one another and provide insight into how participants create meaning from their involvement in different pastimes.
Transfer of Pre-Assembled Block Copolymer Thin Film to Nanopattern Unconventional Substrates

In this work, we demonstrate that a preassembled block copolymer (BCP) thin film can be floated, transferred, and utilized to effectively nanopattern unconventional substrates. As target substrates, we chose Cu foil and graphene/Cu foil since they cannot be nanopatterned via conventional processes due to the high surface roughness and susceptibility to harsh processing chemicals and etchants. Perpendicular hexagonal PMMA cylinder arrays in diblock copolymer poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) [P(S-b-MMA)] thin films were preassembled on sacrificial SiO2/Si substrates. The BCP thin film was floated at the air/water interface off of a SiO2/Si substrate and then collected with the target substrate, leading to well-defined nanoporous PS templates on these uneven surfaces. We further show that the nanoporous template can be used for a subtractive process to fabricate nanoperforated graphene on Cu foil in sub-20 nm dimension, and for an additive process to create aluminum oxide nanodot arrays without any po...
Transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle model with visual interface

This article presents a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle model with a visual interface. The model is easy to use and allows both experts and novices with little experience or prior knowledge to easily model transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycles for various applications. To illustrate the power of the model, we simulated a carbon dioxide-based automotive air-conditioning system. As the dominant thermodynamic losses for systems operating at moderate to high ambient temperatures are the expansion losses. we simulated both a baseline system anti systems equipped with additional hardware specifically designed to reduce the expansion-side losses. The coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity of the baseline system are 1.90 and 3.28kW, respectively. The most efficient system equipped with additional hardware was one that included an isentropic expansion process with 100% work recovery. The COP and cooling capacity for this system are 3.22 and 3.57kW, respectively, which represents a 69.5% and an 8.8% improvement in the COP and cooling capacity, respectively.
Passive Pulsed Eddy Current Inspecticn of Sheet Metal

Sheet metal is known to contain various amounts of nonmetallic inclusions. If inclusion content becomes large enough the end product can be adversely affected. Some of the more common types of nonmetallic inclusion material are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxides. Inclusions are not found uniformly distributed throughout sheet stock. They tend to appear in clusters, usually elongated strings due to the rolling and drawing processes involved in making sheet stock.
Herpes Simplex Virus Laryngitis Presenting as Airway Obstruction: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Objectives:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) laryngitis is rare in adults. We add a case report to the literature and perform a literature review to further delineate the clinical presentation, course, an...
Abstract P266: Molecular Markers of Endothelial Sensitivity to TNFα

TNF alpha mediated inflammation has been correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Significant interindividual variability to anti-TNF biologicals has been demonstrated in clinical trials. The objective of this study is to unravel the molecular markers of sensitivity to TNF which could be used as predictors of therapeutic efficacy or disease progression. We have isolated and tested a set of 20 HUVECs for their sensitivity to TNF as determined by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes such as the Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) and the NADPH oxidase subunit 4 (NOX4). We found that 75% of HUVECs (15/20) responded strongly to TNF compared to the remaining 25% (5/20, p<0.01). Further studies on the TNF signaling pathway indicated that there was a positive correlation between strong response to TNF and higher basal mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen activated protein 3 kinase 1 (MAP3K1 or MEKK1). No further correlations where observed with other signaling components (i.e., TNF receptors, TRAFs, and other MAP3Ks, MAP2Ks or MAPKs). Strong responders also showed 1) increased upregulation of TNFR1 and TRAF5 protein and mRNA levels, 2) higher phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPKs and 3) stronger AP1-driven transcription as shown by luciferase assays. Weak responders showed increased TNF-dependent down-regulation of the TNF receptor 1 and of the MAP3K5 (aka Apoptosis-Signaling Kinase 1, ASK1) and TNF-mediated upregulation of the TNF receptor 2 compared to strong responders. Promoter and mRNA stability studies revealed that differences between strong and weak responders in MAP3K1 and MAP3K5 regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Studies of promoter polymorphisms are undergoing. We conclude that MAP3K1 and MAP3K5 are novel molecular markers of endothelial sensitivity to TNF and future studies on these genes could reveal novel genetic markers for translational research.
Nonconforming Finite Volume Methods

We extend and generalize recently proposed finite volume methods using the framework of mixed finite element methods. Proposed discretizations are defined for tensor permeabilities and naturally produce a generalization of harmonic averaging, and are therefore well suited for heterogeneous and anisotropic media. They are locally mass conservative and work on extremely flexible distorted meshes. Flux variables can be excluded locally and the resulting discretizations for the pressures has the same stencils for Voronoi/PEBI grids as 2-point finite volume discretizations currently used in many simulators.
Decolonizing my hair, unshackling my curls: an autoethnography on what makes my natural hair journey a Black feminist statement

There is unquestionably a buzz in US Black women’s communities about a trending “natural” phenomenon. Sales of chemical relaxers (sometimes dubbed “creamy crack” among the US Black community) have ...
Optimal battery energy storage sizing for reducing wind generation curtailment

Wind energy offers a viable alternative solution to fossil-fuel based generation and can potentially help address many economical and environmental challenges in electric power grids. The variability of wind generation, however, causes major Technical challenges for system operators in terms of efficient integration. This issue will become more severe for system operator as the wind penetration increases. As a solution to this challenge, wind generation is commonly restricted by specific regulations which help reduce its variability at the expense of losing some its generation, i.e., a generation curtailment. This paper proposes a battery energy storage (BES) planning model to minimize wind generation curtailment and accordingly maximize the deployment of this viable technology. The optimal BES size is further determined through the proposed model to capture the curtailed wind generation. The economic viability of the proposed model is investigated via minimizing the summation of system operation cost and BES investment cost. Numerical simulations reveal the merits of the proposed model.
Using epistemic network analysis to identify targets for educational interventions in trauma team communication.

Abstract Background Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) is a technique for modeling and comparing the structure of connections between elements in coded data. We hypothesized that connections among team discourse elements as modeled by ENA would predict the quality of team performance in trauma simulation. Methods The Modified Non-technical Skills Scale for Trauma (T-NOTECHS) was used to score a simulation-based trauma team resuscitation. Sixteen teams of 5 trainees participated. Dialogue was coded using Verbal Response Modes (VRM), a speech classification system. ENA was used to model the connections between VRM codes. ENA models of teams with lesser T-NOTECHS scores ( n = 9, mean = 16.98, standard deviation [SD] = 1.45) were compared with models of teams with greater T-NOTECHS scores ( n = 7, mean = 21.02, SD = 1.09). Results Teams had different patterns of connections among VRM speech form codes with regard to connections among questions and edifications (meanHIGH = 0.115, meanLOW = −0.089; t = 2.21; P = .046, Cohen d = 1.021). Greater-scoring groups had stronger connections between stating information and providing acknowledgments, confirmation, or advising. Lesser-scoring groups had a stronger connection between asking questions and stating information. Discourse data suggest that this pattern reflected increased uncertainty. Lesser-scoring groups also had stronger connections from edifications to disclosures (revealing thoughts, feelings, and intentions) and interpretations (explaining, judging, and evaluating the behavior of others). Conclusion ENA is a novel and valid method to assess communication among trauma teams. Differences in communication among higher- and lower-performing teams appear to result from the ways teams use questions. ENA allowed us to identify targets for improvement related to the use of questions and stating information by team members.
A Review of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Orexigenic Neuropeptides Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Many physiological pathways are involved in appetite, food intake, and the maintenance of energy homeostasis. In particular, neuropeptides within the central nervous system have been demonstrated to be critical signaling molecules for modulating appetite. Both anorexigenic (appetite-decreasing) and orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) neuropeptides have been described. The biological effects of these neuropeptides can be observed following central administration in animal models. This review focuses on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six orexigenic neuropeptides: agouti-related protein (AGRP), galanin, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A, and orexin B. Following a brief summary of the neuropeptides and their orexigenic activities, reports associating SNPs within the orexigenic neuropeptides to energy homeostasis, food intake, obesity, and BMI in humans are reviewed. Additionally, the NIH tool Variation Viewer was utilized to identify missense SNPs within the mature, ...
Peptides and Proteins Studied Using Mass Spectrometry

The use of mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteins and peptides is reviewed. Sample preparation and ionization methods are discussed. The use of coupled liquid chromatography is described. The approach is exemplified with a number of applications including quality control of synthetic and recombinant materials. The approaches for addressing post-translational change such as glycosylation are also given.
The eosinophilic injury to the mucosa of the airways in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Eosinophilic bronchitis and desquamation of the bronchial mucosa are the salient features of the pathology of both allergic (extrinsic) and nonallergic (intrinsic) asthma. Because of this association, the possibility of the eosinophil being the cause of the injury to the bronchial mucosa has been investigated during the last decade. In vitro, eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) concentrations as low as 10 micrograms.ml-1 cause desquamation and destruction of the epithelium of the airways which mimic the morphology of damage to the mucosa of the bronchi in asthma. Concentrations of MBP in the cytotoxic range for the bronchial mucosa in vitro have been measured in sputum of asthmatics (up to 92 micrograms.ml-1) and decline with treatment. Deposits of MBP have been detected by immunofluorescence within ulcerated areas of bronchial mucosa and necrotic portions of the bronchial wall in patients who had died of asthma. Most recently, the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have also been found to be toxic for the epithelium of the airways in vitro, thus increasing the cytotoxic capability of the eosinophil against the bronchial mucosa in asthma. These latest research data continue to support the "eosinophil hypothesis" in the pathogenesis of this disease. According to this hypothesis, in the formidably complex network of cells and mediators responsible for the bronchial obstruction, the destruction of the mucociliary apparatus and the characteristic hyperresponsiveness of the airways in asthma; the eosinophil is the principal effector cell. In bronchial asthma a T cell modulated eosinophilic bronchitis is the primary abnormality while bronchospasm and hyperreactivity of the airways are secondary phenomena.
Automated blood culture systems.

Automated blood culture systems are intended to make the processing of blood cultures more efficient. This is accomplished by (1) eliminating the need for blind or terminal subcultures of bottles, (2) reducing the number of times bottles must be handled during processing, (3) standardizing and speeding detection of microbial growth, and (4) maximizing blood culture sensitivity and specificity. This article reviews three generations of automated systems that have been developed and marketed during the past 20 years and discusses their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Differentiating poor validity from probable impairment on the medical symptom validity test: a cross-validation study.

Aims: In neuropsychological evaluations, it is often difficult to ascertain whether poor performance on measures of validity is due to poor effort or malingering, or whether there is genuine cognit...
HOLSTEIN CATTLE REPRODUCTION IN RELATION ON MILK YIELD AND BODY CONDITION SCORE

One of the basic conditions of the economical success in milk production is the high and periodic reproduction of the cows. That means the parturition of a healthy calf from every cow per a year. The development and level of reproduction functions is very susceptible to the quantity and mainly quality of nutrition. The insuffi ciency in nutrition is strongly related to the fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproduction indicators depending upon the level of the milk yield and body condition of the Holstein cows at the family-owned farm. The basic dataset was obtained during the years 2004 – 2007. The milk yield and fertility data were gained from the herd records. The extreme values were removed from the basic set. Body condition score was evaluated every month. The groups according to the milk yield level and body condition score were evaluated. The basic statistical characteristics were determined in the groups of cows and in the evaluated sets. The effect of particular factors was proved by the one-factorial analysis of variance ANOVA. Increasing milk yield in the groups with milk yield up to 7000 kg of milk, 7000-8000 kg and more than 8000 kg had negative impact on the reproduction indicators. The differences in the length of calving to fififi rst service interval among particular groups were statistically signifififi cant (P ≥ 0.01). The average length of this interval was 96, 111 and 122 days for 1st, 2nd and 3rd group, respectively. In addition, the average length of calving to conception (service period) interval was 154, 165 and 171 days. There were found no signifi cant differences in numbers of services per conception. The average BCS at calving was 3.59 points. After calving BCS level decreased till the 6th month of lactation, where its level 2.43 points, then the BCS level increased. Average BCS level at conception was under 2.5 points. The variation of BCS during the lactation was 2 points.
Diagnosis of Pouch Disorders: Endoscopy

Abstract Pouch endoscopy or pouchoscopy is a main modality for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as treatment of ileal pouch disorders. It is important to recognize, evaluation, and photo-document landmarks of anatomy of the pouch and structural, inflammatory, and neoplastic changes. In addition to grading of degree of inflammation, an evaluation of extent, distribution, associated conditions of inflammation is imperative for the differential diagnosis between inflammatory disorders of the pouch, including various phenotypes of pouchitis, Crohn’s disease of the pouch, and cuffitis. Pouchoscopy should be routinely used to assess the response to medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment of pouch disorders. Pouchoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for surveillance of dysplasia. Other endoscopy modalities, such as upper endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and image-enhanced endoscopy may be used for further evaluation of pouch-associated disorders.
Contingent work in the US recycling industry: Permatemps and precarious green jobs

Abstract Over the last decade US economic policy discourse has held that a turn toward green industry (e.g., renewable energy, recycling, green construction), is a vital solution to the dual crises of environmental degradation and the erosion of high quality blue collar work. At the same time, the US economy has seen the expansion of ever more precarious and contingent work. One manifestation of this increase of precarious work is the growth of the temp industry and particularly the proliferation of permatemps—workers pursuing fulltime, permanent employment through staffing services, often in insecure and poorly-compensated positions. In this research we explore the experience of work in recycling plants in the US and analyze the entwinement of recycling companies and temp agencies. Based on interviews and observations at recycling plants and temp agencies in three Central Illinois counties, we find that recycling companies face a management tension in which workers must be highly regimented but also very flexible—choreographed yet unscripted. Recyclers turn to temp agencies to resolve this tension. Temp firms provide a flexible-yet-vulnerable workforce and in other ways assist recyclers in regulating labor and producing vulnerability, which transforms workers into fungible bodies trapped on a treadmill of low-wage work. The fundamentally unsafe and insecure character of recycling work calls into question the rosy notion of high-quality, career track green collar jobs. Instead, temp work in the recycling industry exemplifies precariousness.