cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Complications for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Although it has been shown that anxiety and depression are associated with increased complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), the outcomes of TJA in patients with a history of psychosis are unknown. This study evaluated the influence of bipolar and schizophrenic disorders on complications after TJA, particularly aseptic and septic revisions. Methods A retrospective review of 156 TJAs (125 primaries and 31 revisions) was performed at a single institution from 2000 to 2015. Bipolar and schizophrenic patients were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes or by those actively taking anti-psychotic medications, followed by manual chart review to confirm diagnoses. The psychosis patient cohort was matched 3:1 for a variety of factors. Revisions and readmissions were evaluated. Survivorship curves were generated. Results Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder had an increased odds of developing peri-prosthetic joint infection at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] 3.34, P = .049), 2 years (OR 3.94, P = .004), and at any time point (OR 4.32, P = .002). Psychosis patients had increased odds of aseptic and mechanical revisions at all endpoints, particularly from dislocation. Psychosis patients had a higher number of post-operative emergency department visits (P Conclusions Patients with bipolar affective disorder or schizophrenia may have multiple barriers to self-care after TJA, and are at an increased risk for undergoing revision TJA for prosthetic joint infection and mechanical causes. Increased pre-operative education and screening of this patient population may be necessary prior to performing TJA.
Navigating identity development and community belonging when “there are only two boxes to check”: An exploratory study of nonbinary trans college students

Within the small research literature on transgender college students, little work has focused on nonbinary trans students. Findings from focus groups with seven nonbinary trans students revealed th...
Long-Distance Movements of Six Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) in the Red River, Kentucky

We compared the long-distance movements of the Frecklebelly Darter, Percina stictogaster, a pelagic fish species, to those of five other sympatric benthic or semipelagic darters. In four reaches of the Red River, Kentucky we tagged 942 individuals of six darter species using subcutaneous injections of visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) from May 2012 to May 2013. These reaches, plus an additional four reaches, were surveyed by snorkeling or seining to detect previously tagged fishes. Over seven sampling sessions spanning June 2012 to November 2013 a total of 58 tagged darters were detected, including 20 P. stictogaster. Most darters were detected in the same reach in which they were tagged; inter-reach movements occurred more in pelagic (3 of 20) and semipelagic species (2 of 4) (both Percina) than in benthic species (2 of 34, all Etheostoma). Most (6 of 7) inter-reach movements were upstream. The relatively high dispersal tendencies of Percina darters suggest these darters are particularly vulnerable to in-stream barriers and that maintaining connectivity among populations should be a critical management goal.
Soliloquies and Self-Fashioning in Volpone: An Empirical Approach

In Volpone Ben Jonson employed in daring and sophisticated ways the astonishingly precise and intricate late Renaissance convention of self-addressed speech. Plentiful, conspicuous, unambiguous, va...
Promoting diversity in computing

In this paper we present a pilot program at San Francisco State University, Promoting INclusivity in Computing (PINC), that is designed to achieve two goals simultaneously: (i) improving diversity in computing, and (ii) increasing computing literacy in data-intensive fields. To achieve these goals, the PINC program enrolls undergraduate students from non Computer Science (non-CS) fields, such as, Biology, that have become increasingly data-driven, and that traditionally attract diverse student population. PINC incorporates several well-established pedagogical practices, such as, cohort-based program structure, near-peer mentoring, and project-driven learning, to attract, retain, and successfully graduate a highly diverse and interdisciplinary student body. On successful completion of the program, students are awarded a minor in Computing Applications. Since its inception 18 months ago, 60 students have participated in this program. Of these 73% are women, and 51% are underrepresented minorities (URM). 74% of the participating students had nominal or no exposure to computer programming before PINC. Findings from student surveys show that majority of the PINC students now feel less intimidated about computer programming, and vividly see its utility and necessity. For several students, participation in the PINC program has already opened up career pathways (industry and academic summer internships) that were not available to them before.
Total Lifestyle Coaching: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Mind–Body and Nutrition Telephone Coaching Program for Obese Adults at a Community Health Center:

BackgroundStress and obesity are interrelated and common among low-income adults. Mind–body interventions have been shown to reduce psychological distress and have been incorporated into many weigh...
Health Care Issues among Asian Americans

Asian Americans (including Pacific Islander Americans) represent a significant part of the population. They are, in terms of percentage increase, the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. In 1980, the population of Asian Americans exceeded 3.7 million, easily doubling the 1.5 million figure in 1970 (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1988). The 1990 population of Asian Americans is about 7.3 million, nearly double that of 1980. Projections are that by the year 2020, the population will be 20 million (Ong & Hee, 1993). The Asian-American population is not only the fastest growing but also the most diverse ethnic group in terms of cultural backgrounds, countries of origin, and circumstances for coming to the United States. For example, the broad Asian-American category includes more than 50 different subgroups, which may primarily speak one of more than 30 different languages. The three largest subgroups in the Asian-American category are Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos; significant numbers of Asian Indians, Koreans, Southeast Asians (e.g., Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, and Hmong), and Pacific Islanders are also included in the Asian-American category.
Comprehensive review of typical and atypical pathology of the appendix on CT: cases with clinical implications.

Abstract Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency in the United States with approximately 250,000 cases annually. Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as the most accurate diagnostic test to triage these patients for emergent surgery. Although the radiology search pattern is prioritized to detect an inflamed appendix, not all appearances equate to a typical surgical appendicitis. There are a select set of atypical pathologies involving the appendix that have subtle differences on CT, but can have catastrophic complications if treated with emergent appendectomy. This paper will review the spectrum of CT appearances and clinical management for typical and atypical appendiceal pathologies.
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Deep Vein Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolus Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation.

Background and Purpose- Deep vein thrombosis (DVTs) is a common disease with high morbidity if it progresses to pulmonary embolus (PE). Anticoagulation is the treatment of choice; warfarin has long been the standard of care. Early experience with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) suggests that these agents may be may be a safer and equally effective alternative in the treatment of DVT/PE. Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating potential complications of anticoagulation therapy. We sought to compare the rates of ICH in patients treated with DOACs versus those treated with warfarin for DVT/PE. Methods- The MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental databases were used. Adult DVT/PE patients without known atrial fibrillation and with prescriptions for either a DOAC or warfarin were followed for the occurrence of inpatient admission for ICH. Coarsened exact matching was used to balance the treatment cohorts. Cox proportional-hazards regressions and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate the association between DOACs and the risk of ICH compared with warfarin. Results- The combined cohort of 218 620 patients had a median follow-up of 3.0 months, mean age of 55.4 years, and was 52.1% women. The DOAC cohort had 26 980 patients and 8 ICH events (1.0 cases per 1000 person-years), and the warfarin cohort had 191 640 patients and 324 ICH events (3.3 cases per 1000 person-years; P<0.0001). The DOAC cohort had a lower hazard ratio for ICH compared with warfarin in both the unmatched (hazard ratio=0.26; P=0.0002) and matched (hazard ratio=0.20; P=0.0001) Cox proportional-hazards regressions. Conclusions- DOACs show superior safety to warfarin in terms of risk of ICH in patients with DVT/PE.
The makeup of a gamete space capsule.

Sporopollenin, which encapsulates gametes in spore and pollen grains, is probably the most chemically inert biopolymer. This inertness is essential for gamete protection, but also hinders the elucidation of sporopollenin molecular structure. Now, the macromolecular network forming sporopollenin is described in unprecedented detail.
Computerized deconstruction

The inequality (DERRIDA+TURING)>(DERRIDA)+(TURING) will be illustrated by computerized deconstruction of Roger Apery's miraculous proofs of irrationality.
Safety and Human Resource Law for the Safety Professional

The purpose of this text to provide a "one stop" source for safety professionals to acquire a general knowledge regarding not only the OSH Act but also laws and standards which impact the safety profession on a daily basis. The safety professional today does not work in a vacuum and decision-making can be impacted by a myriad of other laws. This new book will be the safety professional’s "go to" text to acquire a quick understanding of the particular law potentially impacting his/her daily activities. Features Includes safety laws as well as human resource laws Presents new OSHA whistleblower actions Encompasses updated contractor requirement under Wage and Hour laws Covers new NLRA decisions and actions Addresses e-commerce and social media issues involving the safety function
How far from Chaco to Orayvi? Quantifying inequality among Pueblo households

Abstract Recent studies of household inequality based on the distribution of floor area indicate that the distribution of wealth varied significantly across time and space in the prehispanic upland US Southwest. In this study, we first examine inequality among households from Orayvi ca. 1901 to contextualize the patterns of inequality we then report among ancestral Pueblo households in the Basketmaker II-Pueblo III periods from the central Mesa Verde region, middle San Juan region, Chaco Canyon, and the Chuska Valley. At Orayvi just prior to the 1906 split, inequality was relatively low, in line with values typical for horticultural societies. Most inequality at Orayvi was among households rather than among clans and phratries, though clans were more wealth-differentiated than were phratries, factions, or other groups we examined. Degree of ancestral Pueblo wealth inequality varied considerably through time, with levels exceeding those calculated for Orayvi primarily during the Pueblo II period. Wealth disparities exceeding those at Orayvi arose in the Chuska Valley and Middle San Juan regions prior to the marked increase we document at Chaco, suggesting that populations from these areas may have been involved in the development of early great house construction at Chaco Canyon.
Localized Biphasic Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma with Rhabdoid Features Involving the Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction. Localized malignant mesotheliomas, defined as sharply circumscribed tumors of the serosal membrane with the microscopic appearance of diffuse malignant mesothelioma, are rare tumors; their behavior and prognosis are uncertain. Intrahepatic mesotheliomas are postulated to arise from mesothelial cells of Glisson’s capsule. Case Presentation. A 69-year-old female with no history of asbestos exposure presented with a one-month history of increasing abdominal pain associated with constitutional symptoms. Computerized Tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a sizable soft tissue mass within the right paracolic gutter, abutting the inferior hepatic margin, the lateral abdominal wall, and descending colon. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the mass suggested a poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. There was no disease elsewhere on PET scan. Surgical resection of the mass was performed. Pathological assessment suggested the tumor to be arising from the liver with invasion of the liver, abdominal wall musculature, and the adventitial surface of the ascending colon. A final diagnosis of localized biphasic malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with rhabdoid features was rendered based on morphology and the result of immunohistochemical studies. The abdominal wall margin was positive. The patient progressed over the course of 6 months despite receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy with metastases and a decline in performance status and was transitioned to hospice. Conclusion. Localized malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas are rare tumors that may present clinically as a liver mass and simulate primary hepatic or secondary tumors. Definitive diagnosis is obtained by surgical resection in most cases. The clinical outcome is variable with most cases having a poor outcome.
Flipping a college physical activity course: Impact on knowledge, skills, and physical activity

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a flipped classroom model on students’ knowledge, skills, and physical activity in a collegiate physical activity course. While there are many studies exploring the impact of the flipped classroom in various fields of study, a dearth of studies has examined the impact of this new pedagogy in a physical education course. We thus flipped a college level physical education course and examined students’ learning experiences. Students were required to watch health knowledge and exercise skill videos prior to a class and engage in active physical activity both inside and outside the classroom. Multiple data were collected to examine the impact, including pre- and post- knowledge and skill tests, individual interviews, student surveys, and physical activity logs. The findings demonstrated that students’ health knowledge and exercise skills were significantly improved, and the course allowed students to be engaged in various types of physical activity inside and outside the classroom.
Experiential Education and Self-Authorship: An Examination of Students Enrolled in Immersion High Schools:

Background: Research shows that people benefit from having an internally defined belief system and identity to guide their decision-making rather than depending exclusively on external authorities ...
Strategic basing and the great powers, 1200-2000

1. Introduction 2. The Mongols and the Mings: Naval Basing During an Earlier Age of Sail 3. The Mediterranean Basing Competition and Galley Warfare: Venice, Genoa, Ottoman Empire, Spain, circa 1200-1600 4. Basing Systems in the Age of Empire and Sail 5. The Interwar Period: A Transitional Era 6. Bases During the Cold War: The Bipolar Base Race 7. After the Cold War: Basing in a Unipolar System
Atypical cortical drive during activation of the paretic and nonparetic tibialis anterior is related to gait deficits in chronic stroke

highlights � Walking recovery is associated with alterations in cortical drive during nonparetic muscle activation. abstract Objective: The role of cortical drive in stroke recovery for the lower extremity remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cortical drive and gait speed in a group of stroke survivors. Methods: Eighteen individuals with stroke were dichotomized into fast or slow walking groups. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to collect motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the tibialis anterior of each lower extremity during rest, paretic muscle contractions, and nonparetic muscle contractions. An asymmetry-index (AI) was calculated using motor thresholds and compared between groups. The average MEP of the paretic leg during TMS at maximal intensity (MEP100) for each condition was compared within and between groups. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between AI and walking speed. Slow-walkers had greater MEP100s during the nonparetic contraction than during the paretic contraction or rest conditions. In contrast, fast-walkers had greatest MEP100s during the paretic contraction. Conclusions: Alterations in the balance of corticomotor excitability occur in the lower extremity of indi- viduals with poor motor recovery post-stroke. This atypical cortical drive is dependent on activation of the unaffected hemisphere and contraction of the nonparetic leg. Significance: Understanding mechanisms underlying motor function can help to identify specific patient deficits that impair function.
Children in Female-Headed Families

Census data on black and white children in female-headed and two-parent families in California are examined. Contextual analysis, extended through a recently developed application of regression analysis, is used to separate the group, or ecological, from the individual level effects of race. It is concluded that, for the most part, individual level effects account for female-headed families among whites but that the interaction between child's race and the racial composition of the county is responsible for the increasing difference between blacks and whites in the proportion of children in female-headed families as the proportion of black children increases.
CFAR processing in nonhomogeneous background

Analyzes the probability of false alarm performance of the well known cell averaging constant false alarm rate, CA-CFAR, and order statistics OS-CFAR processors in the nonhomogeneous clutter environment where the power of the clutter varies linearly along the range cells. Exact false alarm probability expressions are derived and in the numerical examples, several cases are considered such that the linearly variant part of the clutter power occupies less than, equal to, or more than the reference window of the CFAR processor. >
The microstructure of particulate mixtures in one-dimensional compression: numerical studies

The current paper documents a series of numerical experiments conducted to study the microstructure evolution experienced by mixtures created with particles of contrasting size and stiffness, subjected to one-dimensional compression. Emphasis is placed on quantifying the effects of mixture fraction and relative size ratio on macroscale and microscale responses. The results indicate that force percolation (specifically through the network of high-stiffness grains) controls system mechanical response at the macroscale. The mixing fraction and size ratio of the particles significantly affects (1) force percolation and (2) the strain-dependent evolution of the void space. The latter is of particular relevance to the stress-dependent hydraulic conductivity evolution of the mixture.
Change and Stability in Religiousness and Spirituality in Emerging Adulthood.

ABSTRACTThe author investigated the change and stability of different aspects of religiousness and spirituality, as well as whether personality traits may help explain why individuals increase or decrease in religiousness and spirituality during emerging adulthood. Self-report measures of childhood and current religiousness were completed by 224 college-aged participants. A subset of participants also completed a measure of personality and measures of religious and spiritual belief trajectories by rating the importance of each belief at successive age brackets across their lifespan. Analyses of mean-level, rank-order, and individual-level stability and change in religiousness indicated that while average religiousness scores decreased, there was still moderate to high rank-order stability in scores. Additionally, service attendance was less stable and decreased more than importance of religion in daily life. Examination of the trajectories of religiousness and spirituality over time showed similar differe...
ILAE type 3 hippocampal sclerosis in patients with anti-GAD–related epilepsy

Objective: To describe the neuropathologic findings and clinical course of 2 patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for medically refractive epilepsy and were later found to have high anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) concentrations. Methods: Small case series. Results: Neuropathologic examination of both patients revealed International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) type 3 hippocampal sclerosis. Following surgery, both developed signs and symptoms of stiff person syndrome and later cerebellar ataxia. Laboratory studies demonstrated high concentrations of anti-GAD antibodies in both patients. Conclusions: These cases suggest that ILAE type 3 hippocampal sclerosis may be immunologically related to and may exist as part of a broader anti-GAD–related neurologic syndrome in some instances.
Lost & Found: Intellectual Property of the Fragrance Industry; From Trade Secret to Trade Dress

The foundations of the modern fragrance industry can be traced to fragrance producers established in the south of France during the sixteenth century. Through the nineteenth century, French flower farms, essential oil extractors, and manufacturers of branded fragrances, were family enterprises, and it was relatively easy for these businesses to maintain proprietary information about distillation techniques, the composition of branded perfumes, etc. The inexorable consolidation in the fragrance manufacturing industry over the past century has resulted in an industry now dominated by a handful of large fragrance multinationals that are increasingly vulnerable to misappropriation of their intellectual property, and particularly of their fragrance formulas developed at significant expense. The itinerancy of perfumers today has engendered unease among these fragrance houses as to the security of their most valuable assets: formulas and other trade secrets that can now be readily obtained, copied, and shared by employees with access to relevant information stored on the company’s servers. Even more disconcerting today to the fragrance industry is the potential of analytic technologies to reveal the chemical composition of fragrances. Unlike digital technologies that have similarly discombobulated the media industry because they enable surreptitious copyright infringement, chemical analytic technologies do not enable the illegal acquisition or distribution of intellectual property. In fact it is generally lawful not only to use these technologies to obtain the fragrance formulas of competitors, but also to use the acquired information to develop competing products.Concurrent with the erosion of the fragrance industry’s trade secrets has been the increasingly widespread deployment of fragrances as a component of multi-sensory trade dress used to brand a wide range of commercial spaces including retail stores, cinemas, hotels, etc. This article proposes that while trade secrets underlying the creation of fragrances have lost much of their efficacy, trademark and unfair competition law may offer a hitherto mostly unrealized legal protection of the deployment of fragrances as trade dress. After considering the limited efficacy of copyright and patent protection for fragrances the article canvasses the growing use of fragrance as a component of trade dress, and the potential legal protection, and financial implications, of trademark and unfair competition law.
The use of ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin solution in the treatment of two cases of presumed red maple toxicosis in a miniature horse and a pony

Objective: To report the use of ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin (PBHg) in the treatment of red maple toxicosis in horses. Summary: The use of PBHg in a miniature horse and a pony with clinical signs of red maple toxicosis is described. Initial treatment of the horses included blood transfusion in Case 1, and intravenous crystalloid fluids, nasogastrically administered mineral oil, and activated charcoal in both cases. Both cases received PBHg (16 and 11 ml/kg, respectively) when the hematocrit dropped below 10%. Clinical stabilization of the horses (reflected by improved vital signs and mucous membrane color, increase in PvO2, and increase in plasma hemoglobin) was temporary, lasting 12 and 42 hours, respectively. A whole blood transfusion was given 16 hours after the infusion of PBHg in Case 1 and 42 hours after the infusion of PBHg in Case 2. The horses were discharged on days 15 and 17, respectively. Both were stable on discharge and were reported to be doing well 1 month after discharge. New information provided: Ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin is shown to be safe in the treatment of red maple toxicosis. Ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin infusion resulted in temporary improvement in oxygen (O2) delivery as assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. The use of PBHg may provide an ‘oxygen bridge’ in an acute hemolytic crisis in the horse. It may allow additional time in the treatment of red maple toxicity for the acute hemolysis to subside and for metabolism of the toxin to occur, thus providing a more optimal environment for an effective whole blood transfusion.
Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn with Nitric Oxide: A Randomized Trial † 1119

Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, is undergoing clinical trials as a therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The Illinois Multicenter Nitric Oxide Trial is being conducted at 12 centers in the midwest with the hypothesis that iNO will improve oxygenation and reduce the need for ECMO. Patients with an Alveolar arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2) 500-599 are randomized to receive either iNO(10-80ppm) or continue to receive standard medical therapy (SMT). The end-point for the randomization arm is an AaDO2 >599. At this AaDO2 SMT patients are eligible for rescue with iNO. So far 29 patients have been randomized- 16 to SMT and 13 to iNO. Arterial pO2 improved by a mean of 61±93 torr in the SMT group and by 241±96 torr in the iNO group within 6 hours of enrollment (p 600 and were rescued with iNO and of these 2 required ECMO. Only 8% (1/13) of the iNO group worsened to an AaDO2 >600 and eventually required ECMO, while the rest 92% showed significant improvement in oxygenation (p=0.014 for AaDO2>600 SMT vs iNO). Patients randomized to iNO tended to require fewer days of oxygen (15 vs 19) and a shorter hospital stay(18 vs 20) compared to those in the SMT group. We conclude that even in moderate PPHN iNO improves oxygenation. We speculate that if rescue with iNO had not been an available a significant proportion would have required ECMO.
Hydrocephalus: the zero ICP ventricle shunt (ZIPS) to control gravity shunt flow. A clinical study in 56 patients.

Significant morbidity from ventricle shunt overdrainage at 6–7 years after initial shunt placement for hydrocephalus is increasingly recognized as due to excessive gravity-flow of shunted CSF when upright. Shunts are designed primarily to control high ICP. Shunts should also mimic normal upright ICP. Normal upright ICP is -65 mm of water (vertex reference), indicating that a level of zero ICP exists at 65 mm below the brain vertex, with negative ICP above and positive ICP below that level. This normal zero ICP level must be maintained by CSF shunts to mimic normal upright ICP. This will prevent and correct CSF shunt overdrainage. The zero ICP shunt (ZIPS) by design controls this zero level with a zero pressure device (ZPD; siphon control device) installed at the normal vertical level of zero ICP (cm/mm) below the vertex (65 mm). The shunt thus prevents excessive gravity-induced CSF shunt flow. Successful use of ZIPS in 56 patients is reported (low ICP group: n = 42; high ICP group: n = 14). Follow-up is up to 4.5 years. Results show that: (1) adjustability of ZPD level can achieve the desired clinical results; (2) the level of ZPD installed correlates within 4 mm of upright ICP attained; (3) the optimal level of ZPD installation to produce normal upright ICP is 65 mm below the vertex; (4) CT ventricle size, both slit ventricles and large ventricles, may or may not normalize when normal upright ICP is attained in this group of complex, previously shunted patients.
Large-scale solar-wind structure near the Sun detected by Doppler scintillation

STUDIES of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere (between the solar-wind source surface at ∼0.01 AU and 0.3 AU) are hampered by the lack of in situ spacecraft measurements. Radio propagation measurements—using both natural1–7 and spacecraft8–14 radio signals—have provided many insights, but information on large-scale solar-wind structure inside 0.3 AU that can be related to coronal features or direct spacecraft measurements at larger distances has nevertheless remained elusive. Here we report the detection of solar-wind structure between 0.08 and 0.53 AU, based on the response of the 13-cm radio signals from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter to electron-density fluctuations and solar-wind speed within this region. These Doppler scintillation measurements were made during the late declining phase of the most recent cycle of solar activity, when the solar wind exhibited recurrent high-speed streams. Near 0.5 AU, we find narrow regions of enhanced scintillation which appear to be associated with compressed plasma at the leading edges of these streams, consistent with previous scintillation measurements15,16. Inside 0.2 AU, however, scintillation enhancements are conspicuously absent from the fast streams, and instead occur in regions where the average solar wind is slow. They exhibit high variability, and appear to be the interplanetary manifestation of coronal mass ejections. The plasma structures giving rise to these enhanced scintillations apparently undergo significant evolution inside 0.3 AU.
Species density measurements with the rempi method; The detection of CO and C2O in a methane/oxygen flame

Within the past two years resonance enhanced multiple photon ionization (REMPI) methods have been used for the sensitive detection of several radicals and molecules of importance in combustion chemistry. The use of REMPI methods is illustrated with a discussion of recent density measurements of NO molecules and H atoms. We report here the first REMPI detection of CO and C2O in a low pressure CH4/O2 flame. Other species previously detected in flame environments include H, O, CH, NO, and PO.
Policies for Financing the Energy Transition

Abstract Historically, energy transitions have occurred gradually over the span of several decades, marked by incremental improvements in technologies. In recent years, public interest in accelerating the next energy transition has fueled a clean-energy policy agenda intended to underpin the development of a decarbonized energy economy. However, policies to date have encouraged investors to fund renewable energy projects utilizing proven technologies that are not competitive without the help of government subsidies. A true transition of the energy mix requires innovations that can compete with conventional energy over the long term. Investments in innovative technology projects are scarce because of the “commercialization gap,” which affects projects that are too capital-intensive for venture capital yet too risky for private equity, project, or corporate debt financing. Accelerating innovation through the commercialization gap will require governments to allocate public dollars to, and encourage private ...
GaN and InGaN Nanowires on Si Substrates by Ga-Droplet Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN and InGaN nanowires is accomplished on Si (111) substrates using Ga-droplet nucleation. Typical diameters range from 25-80 nm and lengths can be varied by increasing the growth time; the growth rate is ∼0.25 microns/hour. The nanowires have been characterized structurally and optically. Photoluminescence spectra show band-edge emission of GaN nanowires centered at 362 nm at 290 K. Transmission electron microscopy images unveil that the nanowires are highly crystalline, and grow along the 0001 polar direction. Indium has also been successfully incorporated into GaN nanowires by modifying the growth conditions; the InGaN nanowires emit at ∼520 nm, which provides a possible route to solving strain related problems of high In-composition InGaN based efficient green emitters.
SPACE INVERSION, TIME REVERSAL, AND OTHER DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN LOCAL FIELD THEORIES

The general algebraic relations between space inversion, time reversal, and the internal symmetry group are analyzed within the framework of a Lorentz-invariant local field theory. The problem of unitary representations of the full Poincar\'e group including the space and time reflection operators has been studied by Wigner, and the representations are classified into 4 cases. It is shown that, with the added assumption of the local field theory, Wigner's cases 2,3, and 4 either do not not occur or can be reduced to his case 1. The concept of minimal group extension is introduced and the related mathematical analysis is given. The symmetry properties under space inversion, time reversal, and other discrete operators such as charge conjugation are analyzed separately for each of the three known interactions: strong, electromagnetic, and weak.
Results of Ten Years of Poultry Record Keeping work In Missouri

Abstract Record keeping on Missouri Farm poultry flocks was instituted by the Agricultural Extension Service in the fall of 1917. However, the project was not in full operation until 1918 when twenty-four farmers in thirteen different counties became farm flock demonstrators. The number has increased gradually so that there are over three hundred flock owners keeping records for every month in the year. From the beginning record keeping has been a part of the routine work connected with each demonstration flock. The original purpose of establishing the demonstration as a project was to indicate or show the value of a flock of chickens as a source of revenue on the farm, to test certain practices, to make available data, and to use this material in promoting extension work. Prior to this time there was considerable doubt in the minds of most Missouri farmers as to the profit derived from chickens. Women . . .
Certified memory management for proof-carrying code: a region-based type system and runtime library

Proof-Carrying Code (PCC) is a generic framework intended to facilitate safe execution of code from an unknown or untrusted source. The basic idea of PCC, as the name implies, is that a piece of executable code comes packaged with a proof of its safety according to some user-specified policy. The development of this technology has been fueled by research over the past decade in the use of type systems and logic to verify properties of low-level code (i.e. assembly or binary machine code).
A FRET Analysis of the FtsB-FtsL Transmembrane Domain Interactions of the E.coli Divisome Suggests a Higher Order Oligomeric Complex with a 1:1 Stoichiomtery

FtsB and FtsL are two essential integral membrane proteins of the bacterial division complex or ‘divisome’, both characterized by a single transmembrane helix and a juxta-membrane coiled coil domain. The two domains are important for the association of FtsB and FtsL, a key event for their recruitment to the divisome that in turn enables recruitment of the late divisomal components and subsequent completion of the division process. We have previously established that the transmembrane domain of FtsB self-associates in Escherichia coli membranes using a biological assay in vivo (Biochemistry 2013, vol. 52 pp. 2574-85). We hypothesized that the FtsB dimer forms a core for the lateral association of FtsL, leading to the the assembly of a higher-order oligomeric FtsB-FtsL complex. Here we present a biophysical analysis performed in vitro that further supports this hypothesis. Using FRET, we have measured the association of fluorophore-labeled transmembrane domains of FtsB and FtsL in both detergent and lipid. Our findings demonstrate that these helices form a very stable higher-order oligomeric complex with a 1:1 FtsB:FtsL stoichiometry in isolation. The data also suggest that the transmembrane component is likely to be a major contributor to the stability of the FtsB-FtsL complex. We also present a design strategy to further elucidate the oligomeric state of this complex using single molecule fluorescence microscopy.
Optical memory effect from polarized Laguerre–Gaussian light beam in light-scattering turbid media

Abstract Propagation effects of polarized Laguerre–Gaussian light with different orbital angular momentum ( L ) in turbid media are described. The optical memory effect in scattering media consisting of small and large size (compared to the wavelength) scatterers is investigated for scattered polarized light. Imaging using polarized laser modes with a varying orbital strength L -parameter was performed. The backscattered image quality (contrast) was enhanced by more than an order of magnitude using circularly polarized light when the concentration of scatterers was close to invisibility of the object.
A pp̄ luminosity monitor for Fermilab experiment E760

Abstract The design and performance of the luminosity monitor for Fermilab experiment E760, in which the circulating antiproton beam in the FNAL antiproton accumulator intersects a hydrogen gas-jet target, is described. Absolute luminosity monitoring at the level of ±0.8% (statistical) ±2.1% (systematic) is achieved. The luminosity monitor also enables forward scattering parameters to be measured for momenta in the 3–8 GeV range with greater precision than achieved before.
Management of distal tibial medial malleolus type-6 physeal fractures

Purpose Type 6 is an open fracture in which part of the physis is missing. It is the least common physeal fracture, but has the highest rate of complications, particularly the formation of a physeal bar. Without preemptive treatment, a physeal bar always forms, producing growth retardation and angular deformity, and excision of these physeal bars has been uniformly unsuccessful. The distal medial malleolus is a common site for the fracture.
Weight Change and Clinical Outcomes Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery in Overweight and Obese Patients.

Retrospective comparative study. The effect of spine surgery on postoperative weight loss or weight gain in overweight and obese spinal deformity patients is unknown. To evaluate the postoperative outcomes and weight changes in adult patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. A total of 104 adult patients undergoing primary spinal deformity surgery were enrolled. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up (average, 50.1 months). Preoperative and latest follow-up, body mass index (BMI), Oswestry Disability Index, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 self-image and SRS outcomes scores were collected. Instrumented levels, estimated blood loss, major and minor complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital discharge status were also reviewed and compared. A total of 66 patients were overweight (BMI > 25–29.9; average, 26.9) (Group OW), whereas 38 patients were obese (BMI > 30; average, 33.5) (Group OB). The average age was 54.5 in Group OW and 48.6 in Group OB (p <.01). Postoperatively, significant changes were not found in the BMI for Group OW, 27.2 (26.9–27.2; p <.39), and for Group OB, 35 (33.5–35; p <.06). Postoperatively, significant improvements were seen in both groups for Oswestry Disability Index (36.1–21.8, Group OW; 44.1–24.4, Group OB; p <.001), SRS self-image (2.9–3.7, Group OW; 2.6–3.8, Group OB; p <.001) and SRS score (3.1–3.8, Group OW; 2.9–3.8, Group OB; p <.001). There were no significant differences in complications between groups. As a group, overweight and obese primary spinal deformity patients did not demonstrate significant weight gain or weight loss from preoperative to latest follow-up. However, both overweight and obese patients had significant improvements in outcome scores at latest follow-up and equivalent rates of complications.
Preparation and investigation of the physical properties of fluorinated Nd2-xSrxNiO4+δ

Abstract Selected members of the Nd 2− x Sr x NiO 4+δ solid solution series were fluorinated by a low temperature ion-exchange reaction. Nd 2 NiO 4.16 is orthorhombic at ambient temperature and shows an increase in the orthorhombic distortion as a result of fluorination. The a unit cell parameter of Nd 2 NiO 4.16− x F y decreases while the b and c cell parameters increase relative to the oxygen rich sample Nd 2 NiO 4.16 . The unit cell volume of the fluorinated sample relative to the oxygen rich sample increases. Nd 2 NiO 4.16 undergoes a structural phase transition at 575°C, and the fluorinated analogue shows no evidence of a structural phase transition up to 700°C. The Nd 2 NiO 4.16− x F y phase decomposes at 700°C into Nd 2 NiO 4+δ , NdOF, NdF 3 , and NiO as determined by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The significant changes in the electrical and magnetic properties of fluorinated Nd 2− x Sr x NiO 4+δ compared to the oxide are discussed in terms of structural properties of the NiO basal planes.
Normative data of knee joint motion and ground reaction forces in adult level walking

A normative data base of temporal distance factors, knee joint motion and ground reaction force patterns for 148 adults during level walking is reported. The data were studied using parametric and non-parametric (Fourier series) representations to facilitate statistical analyses. Key parameters were divided according to age and sex. Individual force and motion curves of each normal subject were averaged to establish the 'typical' patterns. All typical patterns were combined to construct the 'general' patterns. The essential number and most significant Fourier coefficients were determined. It was found that the sex-related variation is more significant than the age-related variation in adult gait. This data base can serve as a common reference for comparison.
Keyless entry: building a text database using OCR technology

Optical character recognition (OCR) technology can be employed to produce an ASCII‐text database for mounting on computer systems. Current technologies and principles of scanning and OCR are discussed. A prototypical “local” project—the creation of a full‐text database of dissertations done at George Mason University—has been undertaken by the Fenwick Library at that institution. Problems encountered with current scanning and OCR technologies are illustrated and discussed, as well as techniques and “filter” programs developed to streamline the scanning and OCR conversion process.
Space, Gender, Sculpture: Bourgeois, Nevelson, and the Changing Conditions of Sculpture in the 1950s

American sculpture was in a contradictory position in the 1950s. Only recently declared to have “returned to the foreground,” 1 the increasing academicism of its seemingly most innovative and wides...
Acetylene deuteration in the presence of [14C]ethylene

Abstract The selective deuteration of 2.1 kN m −2 of a mixture containing 90% acetylene and 10% [ 14 C]ethylene in the presence of 8.4 kN m −2 deuterium gas was studied at 273 and 303 K over Pd black catalyst. Product samples were separated by gc and the column effluent was analyzed by quantity, radioactivity, and deuterium contents of the individual peaks. The double labeling method related surface reaction steps and the adsorption/desorption properties of intermediate at the same activity level of the catalyst. Thus, disparities resulting from studies of these parameters in separate experiments were eliminated. The observed overall reaction network in the adsorbed phase is Ethylene desorption was fast compared to its further reaction and its readsorption occurred only when the amount of acetylene decreased below a certain level. Initially acetylene monopolized the site, and the sole process was Subsequently, after acetylene partial pressure diminished, ethylene could competitively adsorb, and occurred.
New Modified Mn2Sb Compositions Showing Exchange Inversion

Transformations from ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering with decreasing temperature have now been observed in manganese antimonides modified with V, Co, Cu, Zn, Ge, and As as well as with Cr. The magnetic structure change is accompanied by a first-order change in the volume of the unit cell as well as a change in electrical resistivity. Crystallographic data for these materials in the exchange inversion region and at room temperature are presented as a function of the concentration of modifying element.
L27-tRNA interaction revealed by mutagenesis and pH titration.

Abstract The movement of peptidyl tRNA into the P-site after ribosome translocation reduces the ribosome dynamics in the post-translocation complex, which “locks” the ribosome to less conformational fluctuations. Here, we used single molecule FRET method to reveal that ribosomes bearing L27 with N-terminal truncations are less competent to “lock” the tRNA fluctuations after translocation. We found that: (1) truncation of the first three N-terminal residues of L27 increases peptidyl tRNA fluctuation; and (2) increasing the solution pH increases peptidyl tRNA fluctuation in WT and some of the ribosome mutants. We propose that one role of L27 at the catalytic center is to stabilize peptidyl tRNA in the post-translocation complex.
Genetic polymorphism of the epithelial mucin, PAS-I, in milk samples from the major dairy breeds.

Abstract Genetic polymorphism in a mucin of the human milk fat globule arises from variable numbers of a tandemly repeated amino acid sequence. As a consequence, the gene from each parent expresses a variable-sized protein. This is manifest on SDS gels in the form of either one or, more often, two protein bands, which differ among individuals in mobility. Evidence of such polymorphism in the bovine mucin, PAS-I, was first obtained from Holstein milk samples. The objective of this study was to evaluate the other major dairy breeds for polymorphism of their PAS-I. Milk samples from individual Jerseys, Guernseys, Ayrshires, and Brown Swiss were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Bands of the mucin varying in number and mobility were seen in samples from all four breeds. In three of the breeds (Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, and Jersey), there was evidence that two alleles for PAS-I may have become predominant, possibly through degeneration in the structure of their tandem repeats, one that gives rise to a faster moving mucin (relative molecular weight 170,000) and the other to a slower form (relative molecular weight 200,000). In contrast, the PAS-I band patterns on SDS gels for both Guernseys and Holsteins were characterized in nearly 50% of samples by two close bands near the 205,000-molecular weight marker. This pattern was never seen in the other three breeds. The findings suggest a genetic kinship among the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, and Jersey, on the one hand, and between the Holstein and Guernsey, on the other.
Mixed finite element methods for quasilinear second-order elliptic problems

A mixed finite element method is developed to approximate the solution of a quasilinear second-order elliptic partial differential equation. The existence and uniqueness of the approximation are demonstrated and optimal rate error estimates are derived.