cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Releasing the beast within”? Authenticity, well-being, and the Dark Tetrad

Abstract Two studies examined whether the well-documented link between authenticity and well-being is moderated by the Dark Tetrad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism). We predicted that among those high on these traits, authenticity would be less strongly associated with well-being. Study 1 (N = 404) and Study 2 (N = 415) showed that authenticity was less strongly related to well-being among those high on Dark Tetrad personality traits. In addition, Study 2 showed that the pattern of moderation was not accounted for by desirability bias. Study 2 demonstrated that the Dark Tetrad did not moderate the association between authenticity and basic need satisfaction. In both studies, at low levels of authenticity, the Dark Tetrad were associated with higher well-being.
Day of Hospital Admission and Effect on Outcomes: The Weekend Effect in Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis.

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to evaluate outcomes in patients who are admitted on weekend compared with those admitted on a weekday for acute gallstone pancreatitis. Methods We performed a 3-y (2010-2012) analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were included and were divided into two groups: admission on the weekend versus the weekday. Primary outcome measures were time to ERCP, adverse events, and mortality. Secondary outcome measures were hospital length of stay and total cost. Results A total of 5803 patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis who underwent ERCP were included in our study; of which 22.6% were admitted on the weekend, whereas 77.4% were admitted on a weekday. Mean age was 57 ± 18 y and 57.1% were female. Within 24 h, the rate of ERCP was higher in patients admitted on the weekday compared with those admitted on the weekend (40% versus 24%; P Conclusions Patients admitted on weekends for acute gallstone pancreatitis experience a delay in getting ERCP and have higher complications, prolonged hospital stay, and increased hospital costs compared with those admitted on weekdays.
Repetition, the compulsion to repeat, and the death drive: an examination of Freud’s doctrines

Late in life and summing up, returning still again to his controversial theory of a death drive, Freud notes with his wry, deprecating tone in New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis: “The theo...
Manipulation of microstructure and mechanical properties during dehydrogenation of hydrogen-sintered Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Ti–6Al–4V parts produced using the powder metallurgy process known as hydrogen sintering and phase transformation (HSPT) have been shown to exhibit superior mechanical properties than those produced using traditional titanium powder metallurgy techniques. In this work, the dehydrogenation step of HSPT is investigated as an additional method to further manipulate the microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V. By varying the dehydrogenation temperature, several microstructural features can be controlled, such as α lathe & colony width and grain boundary α thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the addition of hydrogen to Ti–6Al–4V greatly reduces the β transus temperature, which allows for super-transus processing to occur at reduced temperatures. This reduced β transus temperature also provides a method by which a graded microstructure can be formed, which consists of a coarse-grained core and a fine-grained shell.
The Effect of Immune Reactions on Fetal Development

Summary There are numerous techniques and procedures that experimental teratologists have utilized to produce congenital malformations or to interrupt pregnancy. In some instances these procedures mimic circumstances which may account for a very small percentage of human malformations. In most instances experimental teratologic procedures provide investigators the opportunity to study the mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal embryogenic development. With the discovery of a new teratogenic procedure, the investigator may conclude or hope that his experimental model will explain a larger percentage of the idiopathic human malformations than teratogenic procedures that had been previously reported. Certainly, those investigators that experimentally produced sperm antibodies and lens antibodies in the early 1900's were hopeful that their immunologic model would explain the occurrence of male sterility or the occurrence of human lens malformations. Since these early investigations, embryologists have travelled two avenues. Some investigators have attempted to produce autoimmune phenomena in pregnant animals, but have had ambiguous success with autoimmune encephalitis and no success with thyroiditis. On the other hand, the use of heterologous antisera against certain tissues have resulted in interruptions of pregnancy and the production of congenital malformations. Seegal and coworkers were able to demonstrate in the early 1940's that rabbit antirat placental antiserum when injected into pregnant rats resulted in abortions. Our own laboratory was able to demonstrate for the first time that certain heterologous antisera when injected into pregnant rats could result in a high incidence of reproducible malformations. Antisera against placenta kidney and yolk sac were found to be potent teratogenic agents. The mechanisms of these teratogenic antibodies will be discussed along with the role of yolk sac disfunction in mammalian teratogenesis.
Estimating Intracranial EEG Signals at Missing Electrodes in Epileptic Networks

Epilepsy can be controlled by targeted treatment of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the region in the brain where seizures originate. Identification of the EZ often requires visual inspection of invasive EEG recordings and thus relies heavily on placement of electrodes, such that they cover the EZ. A dense brain coverage would be ideal to obtain accurate boundaries of the EZ but is not possible due to surgical limitations. This gives rise to the "missing electrode problem", where clinicians desire to know what neural activity looks like between implanted electrodes. In this paper, we compare two methods for time series estimation of missing stereotactic EEG (SEEG) recordings. Specifically, we represent SEEG data as a sequence of Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) models. We then remove one signal from the data set and apply two different algorithms to simultaneously estimate the LTI models and the "missing" signal: (i) a Reduced-Order Observer in combination with Least Squares Estimation and (ii) an Expectation Maximization based Kalman Filter. The performance of each approach is evaluated in terms of (i) estimation error, (ii) sensitivity to initial conditions, and (iii) algorithm run-time. We found that the EM approach has smaller estimation errors and is less sensitive to initial conditions. However, the reduced-order observer has a run-time that is orders of magnitude faster.
Abstract WP236: The Urban-Rural Divide: Risk Factor Prevalence in Ischemic Stroke Patients Across Two Decades

Introduction: Regional disparities exist in stroke incidence and stroke related mortality in the United States. We aimed to elucidate the stroke risk factor prevalence trends based on urban versus ...
Racial Wage Disparity in US Cities

This paper estimates the conditional wage gaps between black and white full-time male workers at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Censuses. The magnitudes of the wage gaps are found to vary substantially across location. As predicted in Becker's (The economics of discrimination, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1957) seminal theory on wage discrimination, we find that the wage gaps are greater in MSAs that have a larger proportion of black workers in the labor force. This is the most consistent result across all specifications and years. We also find the gaps to be greater where there is an overrepresented black population in jail and a more segregated population if the MSA is in the South. The proportion of workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement in the private sector is associated with greater relative black earnings. We find that although the relationship between race and wages has diminished over time as famously suggested in Wilson (The declining significance of race: Blacks and changing American institutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1978), the significance of race remains.
High-Throughput Dynamic Time Warping Accelerator for Time-Series Classification With Pipelined Mixed-Signal Time-Domain Computing

Time-series classification (TSC) is a challenging problem in machine learning and significant efforts have been made to improve its speed and computation efficiency. Among various approaches, dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is one of the most prevalent methods for TSC due to its succinctness and generality. To improve the throughput of the operation, this work presents a mixed-signal DTW accelerator utilizing mixed-signal time-domain (TD) computing where signals are encoded and processed using time pulses. A pipelined operation is enabled by a specially designed time flip-flop (TFF) circuit leading to dramatic improvements in performance and scalability of the operation. A 65-nm CMOS test chip was implemented and measured. The results show more than $9\times $ improvements in throughput compared with prior work on TSC. As most existing TD designs suffer from the lack of TD storage elements, this work utilizes sequential circuit elements in TD computing extending the capability of time-based circuits.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Home-Based Hepatitis B Screening Among Haitian Immigrants.

Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic in Haiti, therefore Haitian immigrants should be screened to identify and link affected individuals to care. Current screening approaches are ineffective. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of home-based screening among Haitian immigrants using community health workers (CHWs). We recruited participants exiting a pragmatic trial evaluating strategies to improve care delivery (NCT02970136). Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire. Blood drawn by CHWs at participants’ homes or community sites was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody. Of 60 participants, 59 found screening acceptable; 53 had blood drawn. Of those, 45.3% had HBV previously, 49.1% remained susceptible and 5.7% were vaccinated. Respondents cited various reasons community members might find screening unacceptable. The high prior HBV rate highlights the need for effective outreach programs. Home-based HBV screening was both acceptable and feasible among Haitian immigrants.
Relationship between uterine pathology and depletion of oxytetracycline concentrations in plasma and milk after intrauterine infusion

Up to 90% of dairy cows develop bacterial contamination of the uterus during the first week after calving. Intrauterine treatment with antimicrobials is commonly practiced on dairy farms, even though studies demonstrating improved reproductive performance after treatment are lacking. Intrauterine infusion of antimicrobials can result in costly milk discard, and increases the risk for antimicrobial residue in bulk-tank milk intended for human consumption. Because there are currently no antimicrobials approved for intrauterine administration in cattle, the veterinarian is primarily responsible for ensuring that milk from treated cows is free from antimicrobial residues. Results of previous trials have indicated considerable variation in the depletion profile of drugs after intrauterine infusion. For this study, we hypothesized that the variability in the elimination of oxytetracycline in milk is associated with the extent of uterine pathology among cases.
In-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms of aldehyde toxicity to engineer robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Aldehydes are ubiquitous electrophilic compounds that ferment microorganisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae encounter during the fermentation processes to produce food, fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Aldehydes pose severe toxicity to the growth and metabolism of the S. cerevisiae through a variety of toxic molecular mechanisms, predominantly via damaging macromolecules and hampering the production of targeted compounds. Compounds with aldehyde functional groups are far more toxic to S. cerevisiae than all other functional classes, and toxic potency depends on physicochemical characteristics of aldehydes. The yeast synthetic biology community established a design-build-test-learn framework to develop S. cerevisiae cell factories to valorize the sustainable and renewable biomass, including the lignin-derived substrates. However, thermochemically pretreated biomass-derived substrate streams contain diverse aldehydes (e.g., glycolaldehyde and furfural), and biological conversions routes of lignocellulosic compounds consist of toxic aldehyde intermediates (e.g., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal), and some of the high-value targeted products have aldehyde functional group (e.g., vanillin and benzaldehyde). Numerous studies comprehensively characterized both single and additive effects of aldehyde toxicity via systems biology investigations, and novel molecular approaches have been discovered to overcome the aldehyde toxicity. Based on those novel approaches, researchers successfully developed synthetic yeast cell factories to convert lignocellulosic substrates to valuable products, including aldehyde compounds. In this mini-review, we highlight the salient relationship of physicochemical characteristics and molecular toxicity of aldehydes, the molecular detoxification and macromolecules protection mechanisms of aldehydes, and the advances of engineering robust S. cerevisiae against complex mixtures of aldehyde inhibitors. KEY POINTS: • We reviewed structure-activity relationships of aldehyde toxicity on S. cerevisiae. • Two-tier protection mechanisms to alleviate aldehyde toxicity are presented. • We highlighted the strategies to overcome the synergistic toxicity of aldehydes.
Workshop on internet economics (WIE2013) report

On December 12-13 2013, CAIDA and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) hosted the (invitation-only) 4th interdisciplinary Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE) at the University of California's San Diego Supercomputer Center. This workshop series provides a forum for researchers, commercial Internet facilities and service providers, technologists, economists, theorists, policy makers, and other stakeholders to inform current and emerging regulatory and policy debates. The theme for this year's workshop was the economic health of the Internet ecosystem, including emphasis on the cost of and revenue sources to support content delivery, the quality of user experience, economic and policy influences on and effects of emerging specialized services, and the role of data in evaluating ecosystem health. This report describes the discussions and presents relevant open research questions identified by participants. Slides presented at the workshop and a copy of this final report are available at http://www.caida.org/workshops/wie/1312/.
Association of Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated With Sacubitril/Valsartan.

Background:Only limited data are available that address the association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are rec...
Do students space their course study? Those who do earn higher grades.

Abstract We examined students’ naturalistic decisions about spacing their study in an undergraduate course (N = 185) and whether self-selected spacing predicted course performance. Usage of two study tools – an online textbook and quiz tool – was recorded daily. We operationalized spacing as how often the tools were used and the timing of their use relative to exams. We found that students increased their study near deadlines and exams, used the textbook more often than the quiz tool, and used the tools infrequently when they were optional (vs. required). Importantly, spaced retrieval practice (via quiz tool) predicted course performance and GPA, whereas spaced reading (via textbook) was a weaker predictor. That is, when students opted for more frequent and early quizzing, they earned higher grades, even controlling for time spent quizzing. Thus, self-selected spaced study – especially spaced retrieval practice – supports student achievement.
Non-neutral or Diabatic Wind Profile

In non-neutral stability conditions, adjustment—termed Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory—must be made to the logarithmic wind profile to account for the increased or decreased tendency for rising motion, because the turbulent eddies are anisotropic rather than isotropic. The diabatic wind profile is modeled by employing an adjustment factor to the neutral profile. The contrived parameter to account for this adjustment is the dimensionless wind shear (ΦM)—a dimensionless stability function to account for the curvature of the logarithmic wind profile due to buoyancy effects. Experimentally, it has been determined that ΦMfollows a separate function for stable and unstable conditions, with both functions a function of the gradient Richardson number. Likewise, friction velocity calculations are also adjusted to account for ΦM. The greater the vertical wind shear and the greater the mixing length (higher heights and/or destabilized atmosphere), the more effective the momentum will be transferred downward.
Economic Foundations of Symmetric Programming: Positive Mathematical Programming

Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) is an approach to empirical analysis that uses all the available information, no matter how scarce. It uses sample and user-supplied information in the form of expert opinion. This approach is especially useful in situations where only short time series are available as, for example, in sectoral analyses of developing countries and environmental economics analyses. PMP is a policy-oriented approach. By this characterization we mean that, although the structure of the PMP specification assumes the form of a mathematical programming model, the ultimate objective of the analysis is to formulate policy recommendations. In this regard, PMP is not different from a traditional econometric analysis. PMP grew out of two distinct dissatisfactions with current methodologies: first, the inability of standard econometrics to deal with limited and incomplete information and, second, the inability of linear programming (LP) to approximate, even roughly, realized farm production plans and, therefore, to become a useful methodology for policy analysis. The original work on PMP is due to Howitt. After the 1960s, a strange idea spread like a virus among empirical economists: only traditional econometric techniques were considered to be legitimate tools for economic analysis. In contrast, mathematical programming techniques, represented mainly by LP (which had flourished alongside traditional econometrics in the previous decade), were regarded as inadequate tools for interpreting economic behavior and for policy analysis. In reality, the emphasis on linear programming applications during the 1950s and 1960s provided ammunitions to the critics of mathematical programming who could not see the analytical potential of quadratic and, in general, nonlinear programming.
Pre-operative evaluation in pediatric patients with cortical dysplasia

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of refractory seizures and catastrophic epilepsy in infants and children who had epilepsy surgery. This manuscript will discuss age-related unique clinical characteristics in evaluation of infants and young children because the understanding of these age-related features is critical in selecting children who can benefit from epilepsy surgery. In addition, we will review the non-invasive tools available for the presurgical evaluation of children with FCD and their individual contribution to the formulation of the presurgical hypothesis.
Pelvic exenterative therapy in recurrent pelvic carcinoma

Abstract During the 5 year period from June 1, 1965, to June 1, 1970, 37 patients were treated with some type of pelvic exenteration at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Total pelvic exenteration was performed in over 60 per cent of the cases. Of 14 patients operated upon 3 or more years ago, 7 are alive and clinically free of disease. The operative mortality in the cases reported is 2.7 per cent. Of 21 patients treated 2 or more years ago, 6 had regional lymph node involvement and all have died of disease. Twelve of the 15 patients with no nodal involvement are alive and clinically free of disease. The importance of various technical points to include “ski positioning” of the patient on the operating table, development of a peritoneal sling to be used as a pelvic cover, preparation of a ureterosigmoid conduit for urinary diversion, and prophylactic compartmentalization of the inferior vena cava are described in detail. Vaginal reconstruction when desired is performed at a later date.
Electrical Insulation Requirements and Test Procedures for SSC Dipole Magnets

The development of the basic requirements for the turn-to-turn, coil-to-coil, and coil-to-ground insulation for SSC dipoles is discussed. The insulation method is also described along with test procedures for verification of insulation integrity.
Multiple Nuclear Localization Sequences Allow Modulation of 5-Lipoxygenase Nuclear Import

The nuclear import of proteins typically requires the presence of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Some proteins have more than one NLS, but the significance of having multiple NLSs is unclear. The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) has three NLSs that, unlike the tight cluster of basic residues of the classical SV40 large T antigen NLS, contain dispersed basic residues. When attached to green fluorescent protein (GFP), individual 5-LO NLSs caused quantitatively and statistically less import than the SV40 NLS. Combined 5-LO NLSs produced nuclear import that was comparable to that of the SV40 NLS. As expected, GFP/NLS proteins displayed relatively uniform import in all cells. However, a fusion protein of GFP plus the 5-LO protein, modified to contain only one functional NLS, produced some cells with import and some cells without import. A GFP/5-LO fusion protein containing two functional NLSs produced four identifiable levels of nuclear import. Quantitative and visual analysis of a population of cells expressing the intact GFP/5-LO protein, with three intact NLSs, indicated five levels of nuclear import. This suggested that the subcellular distribution of 5-LO may vary widely in normal cells of the body. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical staining of lung sections found that individual macrophages, in situ, displayed cell-specific levels of import of 5-LO. Since nuclear accumulation is known to affect 5-LO activity, multiple NLSs may allow graded regulation of activity via controlled import. Multiple NLSs on other proteins may likewise allow fine control of protein action through modulation of the level of import.
Bi-Directional Chromosomal Replication in Salmonella typhimurium

Transducing frequencies of phage P22 lysates prepared from Salmonella typhimurium exponential cultures in minimal and nutrient broth media were compared. The assumption is that cells grown in a minimal medium will have one replication fork per replication unit, but cells in nutrient broth will have multiple replication forks; therefore, the frequency of genetic markers near the origin of replication will be higher in the nutrient broth culture. Analysis of transduction showed a gradient of marker frequencies from the highest (the cysG-ilv region) to the lowest (purE-trpB region) in both clockwise and counter clockwise directions. This supports our previous observation that chromosome replication proceeds bidirectionally from the origin between cysG (109 min on S. typhimurium map) and ilv (122 min) to a terminus in purE-trpB region (20 to 53 min). Since this method avoids possible artifacts of other methods, the results are assumed to reflect the sequence of chromosome replication in exponentially growing cells. Evidence for the existence of multiple replication forks in nutrient broth-grown cells was supported by the following: (i) the marker frequency data fitted the assumption of multiple replication fork formation; (ii) residual deoxyribonucleic acid increase after inhibition of protein synthesis to complete a round of chromosome synthesis which was 44% in cells grown in a minimal medium and 82% in those in nutrient broth; (iii) segregation patterns of the (3)H-thymidine-labeled chromosome strands during subsequent growth in non-radioactive medium were studied by autoradiography, and the number of replication points per chromosome per cell was estimated as 5.6 for the nutrient broth culture and 2.5 for the minimal medium culture. These data support a model of symmetrical and bidirectional chromosome replication.
The Interface Between Community-Based and Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment Sectors: Navigating the Terrain in Social Work

Given the pervasiveness of substance abuse, it is not feasible for the community and specialty substance abuse treatment sectors to operate independently of each other. Functional division of labor between these 2 sectors can allow for efficient use of limited state, federal, local, and private resources to address substance abuse issues. Social workers in both sectors can enhance their effectiveness by recognizing their interlocking relationship and by learning how to implement practice changes that will navigate the distance between these 2 separate, but interdependent entities. This article differentiates between the specialty and nonspecialty substance abuse treatment sectors, describes the interlocking relationship between these 2 sectors, explains the intent and process of screening and assessment for substance abuse problems, clarifies the steps of a brief intervention, and explores obstacles that social workers might face when they implement screening, assessment, and brief intervention programs.
The Case Against Taxing Citizens

The US is the only developed country to tax citizens living permanently overseas on their worldwide income. This rule was created at a time when the income tax applied only to the rich and when some of the rich moved overseas to avoid the draft. We do not have a draft any more, the income tax applies to the middle class, and many more US citizens live permanently overseas for non‐tax reasons. In a globalized world, citizenship‐based taxation is an anachronism which should be abandoned.
The State of the Art in Boron Polymer Chemistry

II. RECENT ADVANCES IN BORON-CONTAINING POLYMERS 8 A. Polymers Containing Boron Atoms in the Backbone or in Pendent Groups 8 i. p-Conjugated Organoboron Polymers Used in Optical and Sensing Applications 8 a. Formed by the Hydroboration Route 9 b. Formed by Other Synthetic Routes 11 ii. Boron Polymers Containing P, Si, or Organometallic Units 15 a. Boron Polymers Containing P Atoms 15 b. Silicon-Containing Boron Polymers 17 c. Boron Polymers Containing Organometallic Moieties 17 iii. Organoboron Polymers Used as Catalysts in Organic Transformations 22 a. Boron Ligands/Polymers Used in Olefin Polymerization Reactions 22 b. Organoboron Polymers Used in Other Organic Transformations 29 Ch001.qxd 4/25/07 5:19 PM Page 1
The clinical neurophysiology of diseases of neuromuscular transmission.

Publisher Summary Electrodiagnostic tests demonstrate abnormal neuromuscular transmission and exclude other diseases of the motor unit that mimic or contribute to clinical findings. Stimulation of the motor nerve is usually performed with surface electrodes. Stimulation can also be performed with near-nerve needle electrodes, in which case shorter; lower intensity stimulation pulses may be used. To assure maximal responses throughout the testing session, the stimulus intensity should be 10–25% greater than is necessary to activate all muscle fibers. Nerve activation is followed immediately by a period during which each nerve impulse releases more ACh than before activation. The amount of decrement during this period is correspondingly reduced. This is followed by a period of post-activation exhaustion, during which less ACh is released by each nerve impulse. An increase in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude during high frequency nerve stimulation or following voluntary muscle contraction may result from an increase in the number of activated muscle fibers.
Scintigraphic screening for renal damage in siblings of children with asymptomatic primary vesico-ureteric reflux

Objective To define prospectively the incidence of renal parenchymal lesions in the siblings of patients treated at one institution for primary vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). Patients and methods From January 1997 to October 1998, a prospective study including renal scintigraphy (using dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) and a radionuclide cystogram was proposed systematically to the asymptomatic siblings of children treated for primary VUR. The radionuclide cystograms were interpreted as showing the presence or absence of VUR and the DMSA scan as symmetrical or asymmetrical differential function, with or with no renal defect. Results Fifty-five families gave informed consent, of whom 46 completed the study (eight refused secondarily and one was omitted by exclusion criteria), representing 46 symptomatic patients and 65 siblings. There were 17 siblings with VUR (26%) including two of 13 infants and 15 of 52 children aged > 18 months. One radionuclide cystogram failed. Of the 17 refluxing siblings, four had a history of symptomatic urinary tract infection; 62 of the 65 siblings had a DMSA scan, of which 56 were normal and six (10%) showed abnormalities (five asymmetrical differential function and one parenchymal defect). Only one of these six patients had VUR at the time of the evaluation and only one had a small kidney detected by ultrasonography on one side (and no VUR). There were no adverse effects associated with screening. Conclusion This study confirms a significant overall incidence of VUR (26%) in the asymptomatic siblings of patients treated for primary VUR. From the results of the DMSA scan (only one sibling had a parenchymal defect), the systematic screening of asymptomatic siblings does not appear to be beneficial.
Fostering Reading Excellence at Every Level of School through Reading Clinics

Abstract With the increased emphasis on standardized testing from state and federal mandates, the need for reading remediation has intensified. Programs directed toward increasing student test scores have been put in place nationwide with mixed results. These initiatives include response to intervention (RTI), direct instruction, and individualized education programs (IEPs); however, the focus remains on correcting students’ problems, rather than on creating an environment in which success is not only attainable but also allows students to flourish. Imagine a place where students are motivated, intrigued, and eager to find what the teacher has planned for the day. This is not fantasy; this place is known as a reading clinic. This article aims to detail specifics on how to effectively structure and lead operations at a reading clinic at any grade level—from elementary to postsecondary school.
Fez1/lzts1 alterations in gastric carcinoma.

Purpose: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) is a common feature of the malignant progression of human tumors, including gastric cancer. We have cloned and mapped a candidate tumor suppressor gene, FEZ1/LZTS1 , to 8p22. Here we have analyzed whether FEZ1/LZTS1 alterations play a role in the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. Experimental Design: We examined Fez1/Lzts1 expression in 8 gastric carcinoma cell lines by Western blot, and in 88 primary gastric carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-six of these 88 primary gastric carcinomas were also microdissected and tested for LOH at the FEZ1/LZTS1 locus and for mutation of the FEZ1/LZTS1 gene. Furthermore, we studied the FEZ1/LZTS1 gene regulation and transcriptional control and the methylation status of the 5′ region of the gene in all 8 gastric carcinoma cell lines. Results: Fez1/Lzts1 protein was barely detectable in all of the gastric cancer cell lines tested and was absent or significantly reduced in 39 of the 88 (44.3%) gastric carcinomas analyzed by immunohistochemistry, with a significant correlation ( P D8S261 at the FEZ1/LZTS1 locus. When we compared the presence of LOH with Fez1/Lzts1 expression, we found loss of protein expression in all three of the tumors with allelic imbalance at D8S261 . A missense mutation was detected in one case that did not express Fez1/Lzts1. Hypermethylation of the CpG island flanking the Fez1/Lzts1 promoter was evident in six of the eight cell lines examined as well as in the normal control. Conclusions: Our findings support FEZ1/LZTS1 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene at 8p in a subtype of gastric cancer and suggest that its inactivation is attributable to several factors including genomic deletion and methylation.
Is mitomycin C useful as an adjuvant therapy in endoscopic treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis

BACKGROUND Laryngotracheal stenosis has multiple etiologies including external trauma, autoimmune disease, infection, iatrogenic, reflux, and idiopathic. Treatment options include tracheotomy, open resection, as well as endoscopic approaches with or without laser, cold instrument, or dilatation. The conservative and often patient-preferred endoscopic approaches are proven procedures but carry a 40% to 70% risk of restenosis. Adjuvant therapies have been investigated to improve restenosis including mitomycin C (MMC), an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus. MMC acts as a chemotherapeutic alkylating agent with antineoplastic and antifibrinogenetic properties. MMC inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis preventing fibroblast proliferation. MMC has been used successfully in ophthalmology, and even in otolaryngology for dacrocystorhinostomy and endoscopic sinus surgery.
Placing Our Counseling Texts in Context: A Reply to Lyddon

Following Lyddon (1995), contextualist understandings of development, including dialectical change and cognitive construction, are distinguished from organismic perspectives on the basis of the distinction between formal and final causation. Life-span developmental and postmodern contextualist trends are offered as a viable framework for emerging counseling theories that seek to capture the diversity of human development.
Self‐organization in human systems—a paradigm of ethics?

This paper examines issues of ethics related to the application of the self-organization paradigm to human systems. The argument is presented that, while self-organizing processes may be vital to effectively managing social organizations within periods of turbulence and uncertainty, extreme caution is necessary in actions that are taken to initiate or amplify self-organization processes in human systems Drawing upon Jantsch's original formulation of the self-organization paradigm, indications arc provided of ways of attaining the benefits and minimizing the dangers related to self-organization, by insuring that self-organization processes contribute simultaneously to resource now and distribution, autonomy and to a sense of meaningfulness and connectedness among individuals and organizations in society. Using a Jungian perspective, the importance to self-organization of individual reflection and access to the unconscious is discussed.
Therapists and researchers: Advancing collaboration

AbstractCollaborative partnerships between community-based clinicians and academic researchers have the potential to improve the relevance, utility, and feasibility of research, as well as the effectiveness of practice. Collaborative partnership research from a variety of fields can inform the development and maintenance of effective partnerships. In this paper we present a conceptual model of research-community practice partnership derived from literature across disciplines and then illustrate application of this model to one case example. The case example is a multi-year partnership between an interdisciplinary group of community-based psychotherapists and a team of mental health researchers. This partnership was initiated to support federally funded research on community-based outpatient mental health care for children with disruptive behavior problems, but it has evolved to drive and support new intervention studies with different clinical foci. Lessons learned from this partnership process will be sh...
A reflective middleware architecture for simulation integration

This paper presents a reflective middleware architecture for simulation integration based on structural reflection and metamodel concepts. The proposed architecture extracts the simulator information as metamodels from the base-level simulators, determines the required features and modules using semantic constraints, and reflects the modified features to the base- level. It is shown that the reflective middleware architecture addresses various challenges in simulation integration. It also enables a design that is more adaptable, flexible and easier to extend. We present a detailed case study from the emergency response domain, where simulations are critical, to illustrate the potential benefits of applying the proposed architecture.
Gliomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by numerous cutaneous features, including cafe-au-lait macules, skinfold freckling and iris hamartomas. In addition, individuals with NF1 are prone to the development of both benign and malignant tumors. The most common CNS tumor in children and adults with NF1 is the glioma. In childhood, gliomas are primarily located in the optic pathway, and less frequently in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations in children are essential for the effective management of these tumors in patients with NF1. Adults, in contrast, are more likely to develop higher grade gliomas, which are treated in a similar fashion as their sporadic counterparts.
Students as Partial Employees: A Metaphor for the Student-Institution Interaction

We propose a new metaphor for describing the interaction between students and their institutions of higher education, “students as partial employees.” Several current metaphors anchored in the quality movement are reviewed to provide a background for this new way of viewing today's college students. This article provides the readers with examples of the metaphor in use and describes why the partial employee transcends the academic and administrative structures of higher education.
OPERANT CONDITIONING OF VIRGINIA OPOSSUM

Laboratory-raised Virginia opossum have been found to readily acquire a lever-press response for water reinforcement. Fixed ratio behavior is comparable to that observed in other species. Fixed interval behavior, however, tends to move fairly rapidly toward an economical response style in which very few responses are emitted per reinforcement. Neither introduction of limited hold procedures nor lengthening of the deprivation schedule had any effect upon the FI responding.
The Photocycle of a Flavin-binding Domain of the Blue Light Photoreceptor Phototropin

The plant blue light receptor, phot1, a member of the phototropin family, is a plasma membrane-associated flavoprotein that contains two ( approximately 110 amino acids) flavin-binding domains, LOV1 and LOV2, within its N terminus and a typical serine-threonine protein kinase domain at its C terminus. The LOV (light, oxygen, and voltage) domains belong to the PAS domain superfamily of sensor proteins. In response to blue light, phototropins undergo autophosphorylation. E. coli-expressed LOV domains bind riboflavin-5'-monophosphate, are photochemically active, and have major absorption peaks at 360 and 450 nm, with the 450 nm peak having vibronic structure at 425 and 475 nm. These spectral features correspond to the action spectrum for phototropism in higher plants. Blue light excitation of the LOV2 domain generates, in less than 30 ns, a transient approximately 660 nm-absorbing species that spectroscopically resembles a flavin triplet state. This putative triplet state subsequently decays with a 4-micros time constant into a 390 nm-absorbing metastable form. The LOV2 domain (450 nm) recovers spontaneously with half-times of approximately 50 s. It has been shown that the metastable species is likely a flavin-cysteine (Cys(39) thiol) adduct at the flavin C(4a) position. A LOV2C39A mutant generates the early photoproduct but not the adduct. Titrations of LOV2 using chromophore fluorescence as an indicator suggest that Cys(39) exists as a thiolate.
Thermal properties of Ti3SiC2

Abstract The thermal properties of polycrystalline Ti3SiC2 in the 25°C–1000°C temperature range determined by Rietveld refinement of high temperature neutron diffraction data, show that at all temperatures, the amplitudes of vibration of the Si atoms are higher than those of the Ti and C atoms. Up to 700°C, the vibrations of the Si atoms are quite isotropic but the vibrations of the other atoms are greater along the c-than along the a-axis. The amplitudes of vibration of the Ti atoms adjacent to the Si atoms are higher and more anisotropic than for the other Ti atom sandwiched between the C-layers. Good agreement is obtained between the bulk thermal expansion coefficients measured by dilatometry, 9.1(±0.2)×10−6°C−1, and the values from the neutron diffraction results, 8.9(±0.1)×10−6°C−1. The thermal expansion coefficients along the a-and c-axes are, respectively, 8.6(±0.1)×10−6°C−1 and 9.7(±0.1)×10−6°C−1. The heat capacity is 110 J/mol K at ambient temperatures and extrapolates to ≈155 J/mol K at 1200°C. The room temperature thermal conductivity is 37 W/m K and decreases linearly to 32 W/m K at 1200°C. The thermal conductivity is dominated by delocalized electrons.
Multiple Interacting Kinesin-1 Motors Cooperate Negatively

Many sub-cellular commodities are transported by more than one motor, and it is well-known that the combined function of motors can lead to unique transport behaviors. Yet, little is known about how grouping multiple motor proteins influences the motile properties of cargos, and in particular, relationships between the structural / compositional organization of motor complexes and key collective transport parameters (run lengths, detachment forces) have not been established.We have taken important steps towards solving this problem by synthesizing the first set of structurally-defined complexes of interacting kinesin-1 motors. Furthermore, we have developed ‘single-molecule’ assays that can examine new and important aspects of collective motor dynamics; namely, whether multiple motors cooperate in a positive or negative fashion and if these behaviors influence ensemble transport properties of multiple motor systems. Herein, we demonstrate that interactions among two elastically-coupled kinesin molecules lead to negative motor cooperativity, and that this behavior influences collective motor force production. We also describe how such effects can reconcile differences between measurements of cargo motions in vitro and in living cells.
Three-Dimensional Projection With Circular Polarizers

Linearly polarized light has been used extensively as a means of encoding and decoding projected, superimposed stereoscopic images. An inherent property of such linear polarizer systems is that the observer wearing 3-D viewers must keep his head erect in order to maintain proper polarizer orientation and avoid troublesome ghost images. Circularly polarized light provides efficient extinction over a wide range of angular rotation, thus providing the opportunity to view 3-D comfortably with great freedom of head motion and position.
Metastable Nanocrystalline Carbides in Chemically Synthesized W-Co-C Ternary Alloys

Nanophase materials can be prepared either by physical methods or chemical methods. Physical methods include thermal evaporation, sputtering and melt quenching, whereas chemical methods include glow-discharge decomposition, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel dehydration and gas-solid reaction. Recently, we have used controlled activity gassolid reactions to prepare nanophase WC-Co cermet powders at different WC loadings. In the process we have discovered some new metastable phases in the W-Co-C ternary system at temperatures below 1000 °C.
Factors affecting individual participation in group-level aggression among non-human primates

Summary Group members do not always act cohesively when facing extra-group rivals. When benefits such as group-defence are not monopolizable, it poses an economics problem: who should contribute to public goods and who should freeload? A collective action framework compliments existing theoretical explanations for cooperation, and provides testable hypotheses about group-level behaviour based on individual costs and benefits. Using this approach, we review research on intergroup encounters in non-human primates published over the last 20 years, focusing on participation by different classes of individuals. While food- and matedefence explain much between-sex variation in participation, rank and reproductive access frequently explain within-sex variation. In some species, individuals may use intergroup interactions to survey potential transfer locations and mating options, which might coincidently intimidate rivals. Experimental evidence suggests that when intergroup dominance is based on relative number of fighters, individual participation still varies with sex, rank, companion behaviour and dependent offspring presence. Relatively few studies have examined how factors such as relationships within and between groups or individual temperament mediate aggression. Long-term studies of multiple habituated groups and methodological advances (e.g., playback experiments) will continue to improve our understanding of how complex group-level patterns are predictable when viewed from an individual perspective.
Dissection and Lateral Mounting of Zebrafish Embryos: Analysis of Spinal Cord Development

The zebrafish spinal cord is an effective investigative model for nervous system research for several reasons. First, genetic, transgenic and gene knockdown approaches can be utilized to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying nervous system development. Second, large clutches of developmentally synchronized embryos provide large experimental sample sizes. Third, the optical clarity of the zebrafish embryo permits researchers to visualize progenitor, glial, and neuronal populations. Although zebrafish embryos are transparent, specimen thickness can impede effective microscopic visualization. One reason for this is the tandem development of the spinal cord and overlying somite tissue. Another reason is the large yolk ball, which is still present during periods of early neurogenesis. In this article, we demonstrate microdissection and removal of the yolk in fixed embryos, which allows microscopic visualization while preserving surrounding somite tissue. We also demonstrate semipermanent mounting of zebrafish embryos. This permits observation of neurodevelopment in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axes, as it preserves the three-dimensionality of the tissue.