cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoreflectance study of plasma etching effect on InP

The results of photoreflectance (PR) measurements performed to study the effect of plasma etching on InP are presented. InP samples were etched by CF/sub 4/ plasma. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was conducted to remove the plasma-induced damage. Significant PR spectra distortions occur on plasma etched samples. Both residual impurity-related signals and plasma-induced damage modulation are found in the PR spectra of n-type doped and undoped InP. The pronounced Franz-Keldysh oscillation (FKO) is observed in p-type doped InP. In undoped InP, the plasma induced damage was totally removed by a 390 degrees C, 20 s RTA treatment. >
Dynamic recognition of synchronization operations for improved data race detection

Debugging multithreaded programs, which involves detection and identification of the cause of data races, has proved to be a hard problem. Although there has been significant amount of research on this topic, prior works rely on one important assumption - the debuggers must be aware of all the synchronization operations that take place during a program run. This assumption is a significant limitation as multithreaded programs, including the popular SPLASH-2 benchmark, have barriers and flag synchronizations implemented in the user code. We show that the lack of knowledge of these synchronization operations leads to unnecessary reporting of numerous races. Our experiments with SPLASH-2 benchmark suite show that 12-131 distinct segments in source code, on an average, give rise to well over 4 million dynamic instances of falsely reported races for these programs. We propose a dynamic software technique that identifies the user defined synchronizations exercised during a program run. This information not only helps avoids reporting of unnecessary races, but also helps a record/replay system to speedup the replay.Our evaluation confirms that our synchronization detector is highly accurate with no false negatives and very few false positives. Thus, reporting of nearly all unnecessary races is avoided. Finally, we show that the knowledge of synchronization operations resulted in about 23% reduction in replay time.
Robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy: a comparison of one surgeon's outcomes

Objectives. To compare internally one surgeon’s standard open radical prostatectomy (RP) and robotassisted laparoscopic RP (RLP) results. RLP, like standard laparoscopic RP, ultimately needs to produce similar or improved results compared with standard RP techniques. Little information comparing RLP with standard RP exists. Methods. As an internal control, we selected the last 60 standard RPs performed by one surgeon (T.A.) before initiating RLPs. For the RLP group, we selected cases 46 to 105 (n 60) after the learning curve had adequately matured. We compared the clinical characteristics, perioperative results, and early clinical outcomes. Results. The study and control groups had similar clinical characteristics (age, body size, preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, and Gleason score). No statistically significant differences were found between groups for prostate size, pT stage, Gleason score, or margin status (16.7% versus 20%; P nonsignificant). The RLP group had a statistically significant advantage for estimated blood loss (103 versus 418 mL), postoperative hemoglobin change (1.6 versus 3.3 mg/dL), and hospital stay (1.02 versus 2.2 days). Complete continence (0 pads) at 3 months of follow-up and the rate of postoperative complications were similar for the RLP and RP groups (76% versus 75% and 6.7% versus 10%, respectively). Conclusions. We present the results of RLP and RP performed by one surgeon. With only a 100-case experience, RLP had oncologic and urinary outcomes that were at least equal to those after RP. RLP offers the benefits of minimally invasive surgery and does not compromise clinical or pathologic outcomes. UROLOGY 63: 819–822, 2004. © 2004 Elsevier Inc.
PM10 emission from agricultural soils on the Columbia Plateau: comparison of dynamic and time-integrated field-scale measurements and entrainment mechanisms

Abstract Emission of particles less than 10 μm mean diameter (PM 10 ) from agricultural sources is an environmental issue due to health concerns and potential effects on local and global climate. The Columbia Plateau region of Washington and Oregon contains vast deposits of fine loess soils and is an active PM 10 emission source. An instrumented field site was established to continuously monitor meteorological conditions and PM 10 concentrations at 10 min intervals during periods of high winds (defined as sustained wind speeds >5 m s −1 at 2 m height) during the 2001 and 2002 field seasons. Time-integrated measurements of PM 10 and total soil movement were made using high volume air samplers (HiVols) and BSNE sediment traps, respectively. Particle impact sensors (Sensits ® ) monitored particle movement (i.e. saltation) close to the surface. Tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) and wind velocity profiles were utilized to examine short-time-interval dust emission dynamics of fallow, dryland fields. TEOM data clearly identified periods of active PM 10 emission. TEOM and HiVol PM 10 concentrations integrated during high wind events (HWE) showed excellent agreement. Time-integrated PM 10 concentrations were well-correlated with horizontal soil mass transport. However, few saltator impacts were recorded during high wind events. Analysis of wind velocity profiles and friction velocities indicated little saltation was occurring. In general, for continuous emission of PM 10 from fallow fields with dust mulch conditions, threshold friction velocity was approximately 0.4 m s −1 and threshold velocity was approximately 8 m s −1 . Several wind events showed evidence where PM 10 concentration gradients were extremely small, the PM 10 being well-mixed between 1 and 3 m heights.
An optical resonator for the NIST-NRL free electron laser☆

Abstract A 9 m linear optical cavity will be used in the National Institute of Standards and Technology-Naval Research Laboratory free electron laser (NIST-NRL FEL). This FEL, which is driven by a racetrack microtron, is designed to lase from 0.2 to 10 μm. The resonator must accomodate the large dynamic range in wavelength, low gain, high average power and coherent harmonic emission of the laser. The laser can be configured for maximum gain, as is necessary in the ultraviolet, or to minimize diffraction losses, as is necessary in the infrared. This is done by changing the length of the undulator and the radius of curvature of the cavity mirrors.
Computational hysteresis in modeling magnetic systems

Simulations of magnetic and magnetoelastic behavior based on micromagnetic theory exhibit hysteresis. These magnetic systems have a highly nonlinear character involving short and long range fields. Computational results are presented and the role of various energetic contributions assessed and predicted using methods of contemporary nonlinear analysis. >
Another Approach to the Control of Discrete Event Systems with Minimal Switchings

This paper studies the problem of controlling discrete event systems as formulated by [Ramadge and Wonham 1987]. The optimal D-supervisor is introduced, which requires the minimal number of switchings. A complete characterization of such controllers as well as a procedure for its construction is given.
Work Characteristics and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

The authors prospectively investigated associations between potentially stressful work characteristics and type 2 diabetes incidence in 62,574 young and middle-aged women, aged 29-46 years at baseline in 1993, from the Nurses' Health Study II; 365 cases of type 2 diabetes accrued over 6 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to simultaneously evaluate associations of hours per week in paid employment, years of rotating night-shift work, and job strain with incidence of type 2 diabetes. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, women working less than 20 hours per week had a lower risk of diabetes (relative risk = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 1.30), and those working overtime (> or =41 hours/week) had an elevated risk of diabetes (relative risk = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.55) compared with women working 21-40 hours/week (referent) in paid employment (p(trend) = 0.03). In subsequent analysis, the elevated association appeared stronger in unmarried women (p(interaction) = 0.02). A positive association between years in rotating night-shift work and diabetes was mediated entirely by body weight. Job strain was unrelated to risk of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, working overtime predicted a slightly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged female nurses.
A national Survey of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischaemia (SAMII) in the U.K.: characteristics, management and in-hospital outcome in women compared to men in patients under 70 years

Aims To assess the clinical characteristics, management and outcome of women compared to men with acute myocardial infarction or ischaemia. Design A prospective clinical survey was made in a random sample of 94 District General Hospitals in the U.K. 1064 patients, <70 years of age, comprising six consecutive females and six consecutive males from each hospital, diagnosed on admission as acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction or myocardial ischaemia) were studied. Outcome measures included: admission and final diagnosis, time to delivery of care, inpatient management, complications and clinical outcome. Results Five hundred and three women and 561 men were admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or myocardial ischaemia. Women were older, waited longer between seeking and receiving advice, and much less likely to have infarction than men. After adjustment for age, diagnosis and past medical history there were no gender differences in initial and subsequent hospital management, in complications (recurrent ischaemia, arrhythmias, temporary pacing, heart failure), any routine procedure or outcome. Of all patients, 3·4% died in a District General Hospital, 12·2% were transferred to Specialist Cardiac Centres and 84·4% discharged home. Prophylactic medication on discharge was similar for men and women. Conclusion After adjustment for age, diagnosis and past medical history, although women waited longer between seeking and receiving medical advice, in hospital their assessment, management, complications, outcome and follow-up arrangements were the same as for men. In hospital, management and outcomes were mainly influenced by age, diagnosis (infarction or ischaemia), a past history of coronary disease, but not by gender. This large, nationally representative, survey has found no evidence of important gender difference in the hospital management of acute ischaemic syndromes.
Designing and Building Multimedia Cultural Stories Using Concepts of Film Theories and Logic Programming

In this paper we propose a middleware to reuse multimedia resources in order to produce new types of multimedia artifacts. In this work we adopt some basic concepts of film theory, such as the notions of plot, fabula and, in particular, diegetic time. The techniques we use are located within the area of artificial intelligence, using an explicit representation of time. The middleware consists of several modules, some devoted to the semantic annotation of multimedia components, and others to their visualization. Some modules regard the analysis of temporal connectivity and consistency of events. From a methodological point of view, an important module of the middleware contains the representation of a story (time of the narration and time of the story) and the temporal reasoning services, which are both implemented using a logic programming language (Flora2). Finally, there is a module in the middleware that translates the logical representation (in Flora2 language) into SMIL language, which allows the use of the final composition by a standard player.
Detecting Opinion Drift from Chinese Web Comments Based on Sentiment Distribution Computing

Opinion drift is regarded as the change of sentiment distribution in this paper. In opinion and sentiment mining, how to detect opinion drifts and analyze their reasons, is an important problem for Web public opinion analysis. To tackle this problem, an approach of opinion drift detection for Chinese Web comment is proposed. For a comment set during a long time about a hot event, the proposed approach first determines possible drift timestamps according to the change of comment number, computes different sentiment orientations and their distributions at these timestamps, detects opinion drift according to the distribution changes, and analyzes the influences of related events occurring in the timestamps. Extensive experiments were conducted in a real comment set of Chinese forum. The results show that drift timestamps determined and opinion drifts detected correspond to the real event, so the approach proposed in this paper is feasible and effective in the application of Web public opinion analysis.
CLONAL VARIATION IN PARAMECIUM. I. PERSISTENT UNSTABLE CLONES

Clones of Paramecium of identical serotype when cultured in test tubes may differ in their ability to give rise to subclones of this serotype. Characteristically, stable clones yield progeny indistinguishable from their parents, while from unstable clones diverse subclones with new serotypes can be isolated repeatedly. Stable lines are resistant to changes in culture medium and also are unaffected by most sera. In contrast, the numbers and kinds of serotypes displayed among subclones derived from unstable lines are often affected by these same agents. Stable and unstable clones are interconvertible when the medium from individual cultures is repeatedly and frequently replaced by fresh culture fluid. This effect is very likely a result of the removal of the initial exhausted medium with any cell products rather than the addition of fresh nutrient.
The Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth Method: A Powerful Tool in the Search for New High Performance Laser Crystals

Various predictive methodologies can be used to help identify new materials for improved or advanced laser device applications. The predictions, however, are of questionable reliability and therefore have to be verified by 1) synthesizing the compounds thought to be most promising, 2) preparing them in the form of high quality single crystals, and 3) measuring their properties. The route from the prediction stage to the point where a device-quality crystal with appropriate performance characteristics can be identified is a long and tortuous one, which the crystal growth phase being the most expensive and lengthy part. The difficulty, cost and years of development time required to produce these crystals has definitely hindered the development of many important devices and systems requiring high performance crystals.
What Happened When My Daughter Became a Fijian

From October, 1979 through April, 1981 my husband and I conducted anthropological research in a Fijian village.(2) Our research site was a wet-zone village in Viti Levu, the largest island in this archipelago in the southwest Pacific, In this account I have focused on my feelings of exhaustion, resistance to the host culture, and being unable to control the fieldwork situation. It is an accurate assessment of the way I sometimes felt, especially during the initial months of fieldwork. I worried, unnecessarily as it turned out, that these early phases would represent the entire experience. The unsettling confrontation with a foreign culture has provoked in others a similar response, which has come to be known as culture shock: a syndrome…which includes frustration, repressed or expressed aggression against the source of dis- comfort, an irrational ferver for the familiar and comforting, and disproportionate anger at trivial interferences (Golde, 1970:11). While I was experiencing culture shock and during the rest of the research period, my hosts were tolerant of my cultural differences, were willing to contribute to my research, and welcomed me into their lives. My first responses to Fijian culture have not prevented me from understanding it or admiring Fijian people. Indeed, my initial adverse reactions prompted me to compare Fijian culture with my own and to question the assumptions underlying American beliefs and values. I am very grateful to my hosts for their great kindness, instruction, and patience.
Abstract T P132: Risk Factors for Spinal Cord Infarct Compared to Those for Stroke and Transverse Myelitis

Background: Although spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare form of CNS injury, the long-term disability can be substantial. There are limited epidemiological data on the incidence and risk factors of SCI and most prior data were based on small case series of surgical patients. Objectives: To evaluate risk factors for SCI in a contemporary population-based sample, and compare the profiles of those with SCI to those with ischemic stroke and transverse myelitis. Methods: Using California state data on all patients discharged from nonfederal emergency departments or acute care hospitals between 2005 and 2011, we identified all patients with a discharge diagnosis of SCI (ICD9 code = 336.1), ischemic stroke (433.x1, 434.x1, or 436) and transverse myelitis (341.2, 341.3, or 323.82). Age, sex, race, and vascular risk factors were compared among these diagnoses subsets using the Chi square test. Results: The annual incidence of SCI (7 per million) was significantly less than that of stroke (1136 per million). The...
Multi-frequency mode-locking with waveguide arrays

A new mode-locking model is presented in which nonlinear mode-coupling along with a periodically applied frequency filter is used to achieve stable and robust multi-frequency passive mode-locking.
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor modulates the atherothrombogenic effects of homocysteine.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and is found in the heterozygous form in approximately one-third of all individuals with coronary artery disease. The sulfhydryl group of homocysteine has been viewed as contributing to the atherogenic effects of this low-molecular-weight thiol, largely as a consequence of facilitating the generation of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide, in turn, is presumed to induce dysfunction and damage to the endothelial cell, leading to attenuation of its antithrombotic and vasodilatory properties
Anion Adsorption and Adsorption/Desorption Kinetics onto/from Au(111) Electrodes Studied Using the Indirect Laser-Induced Temperature Jump Technique

We demonstrate that the potential dependence of the initial change (A/ΔTeq) in the open-circuit potential of Au(111) | (nonelectroactive) electrolyte solution interfaces (effected by the temperature perturbation (ΔTeq) induced by the indirect laser-induced temperature jump (ILIT) technique) is sensitive to the presence of the anion components of the electrolyte adsorbed onto the electrode surfaces for a wide variety of anions. Analysis of the potential dependence of A/ΔTeq for the ClO4− and SO42− anions, therefore, is used to ascertain (for ClO4−) or estimate (for SO42−) the temperature derivative of the dipole potential (i.e., (dVD)/(dT)) associated with the relevant Au(111) | electrolyte solution interface. The value and any potential dependence of (dVD)/(dT) are suitable probes of the structure of the pertinent electrode | electrolyte interface. The negative value determined here for the (dVD)/(dT) associated with a complete (saturated) layer of ClO4− ions adsorbed onto a Au(111) electrode surface (i.e...
Increased peripheral vascular disease risk progressively constrains perfusion adaptability in the skeletal muscle microcirculation

To determine the impact of progressive elevations in peripheral vascular disease (PVD) risk on microvascular function, we utilized eight rat models spanning "healthy" to "high PVD risk" and used a multiscale approach to interrogate microvascular function and outcomes: healthy: Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) and lean Zucker rats (LZR); mild risk: SDR on high-salt diet (HSD) and SDR on high-fructose diet (HFD); moderate risk: reduced renal mass-hypertensive rats (RRM) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); high risk: obese Zucker rats (OZR) and Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DSS). Vascular reactivity and biochemical analyses demonstrated that even mild elevations in PVD risk severely attenuated nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and caused progressive shifts in arachidonic acid metabolism, increasing thromboxane A2 levels. With the introduction of hypertension, arteriolar myogenic activation and adrenergic constriction were increased. However, while functional hyperemia and fatigue resistance of in situ skeletal muscle were not impacted with mild or moderate PVD risk, blood oxygen handling suggested an increasingly heterogeneous perfusion within resting and contracting skeletal muscle. Analysis of in situ networks demonstrated an increasingly stable and heterogeneous distribution of perfusion at arteriolar bifurcations with elevated PVD risk, a phenomenon that was manifested first in the distal microcirculation and evolved proximally with increasing risk. The increased perfusion distribution heterogeneity and loss of flexibility throughout the microvascular network, the result of the combined effects on NO bioavailability, arachidonic acid metabolism, myogenic activation, and adrenergic constriction, may represent the most accurate predictor of the skeletal muscle microvasculopathy and poor health outcomes associated with chronic elevations in PVD risk.
Intervention of Multi-Modal Activities for Older Adults With Dementia Translation to Rural Communities:

A Language-Enriched Exercise Plus Socialization (LEEPS) Program for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) was implemented in rural Wisconsin communities. Patterned afte...
Emerging vehicle technologies & the search for urban mobility solutions

AbstractThe convergence of the ongoing innovations to make vehicles driverless, carbon free and accessible on ‘as needed’ basis, is evolving fast. A review of available information suggests that these technologies have substantial potential to generate positive externalities by improving road safety, lowering of fuel consumption and emissions in vehicles, and providing mobility options for vulnerable population including young, old and persons with disability. However, given the limited commercialization it is difficult to discern the nature of impact these technologies will have in reducing the two negative travel externalities, road congestion and low density expansion of cities. Gradual mainstreaming of these technologies will offer opportunities for further research in understanding the behavioral responses of their end users, and the risks that these technologies may pose to manufacturers, consumers, and stakeholders.
Strife and restraint among the Argonauts

Epic modalities: Eros and eris Alexander's notorious differences with his army eventually brought the Macedonian conquest of the east to an end. These protracted tensions offer a useful counterpoint to the Argonauts’ various conflicts with Jason, which range from mild criticism to something like mutiny. Sexual desire ( eros ) is linked with strife ( eris ) in the poem, contributing greatly to the religious crisis that jeopardizes the Argonauts’ journey home, but on the whole the Argonauts’ difficulties are quickly resolved and never disrupt their progress. This chapter explores the political organization and social interactions of the Argonauts, with a particular emphasis on their recovery from factional strife. Historical events or practices, where relevant, afford points of comparison with three episodes: Jason's election (1.317–62), the quarrel between Idas and Idmon (1.460–94), and Telamon's rebellion (1.1286–344). The last episode demonstrates the importance of emotional control aboard the Argo, presenting both a divine justification and a philosophical foundation for the reconciliation between Telamon and Jason. While each episode illustrates a different kind of political tension, all three strengthen the impression that the Argonauts’ dominant social register is concord, not strife ( eris ). In particular, it is Jason's behavior – his even temper, self-control, and forgiveness of insults – that revises not only the vengeful extremes of historical figures like Alexander and Cleitus the Black but also heroic characters like Agamemnon and Achilles. Generally speaking the Argonauts govern themselves by means of group deliberation.
Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a physical chemistry process of critical relevance to a range of topics in the fundamental and applied sciences and technologies. Heterogeneous ice nucleation remains insufficiently understood, partially due to the lack of experimental methods capable of obtaining in situ microscopic details of ice formation over nucleating substrates or particles. We present microscopic observations of ice nucleation events on kaolinite particles at the nanoscale and demonstrate the capability of direct tracking and micro-spectroscopic characterization of individual ice nucleating particles (INPs) in an authentic atmospheric sample. This approach utilizes a custom-built ice nucleation cell, interfaced with an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (IN-ESEM platform) operated at temperatures and relative humidities relevant for heterogeneous ice nucleation. The IN-ESEM platform allows dynamic observations of individual ice formation events over particles in isobaric and isothermal experiments. Isothermal experiments on individual kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice crystals preferably nucleate at the edges of the stacked kaolinite platelets, rather than on their basal planes. These experimental observations of the location of ice nucleation provide direct information for further theoretical chemistry predictions of ice formation on kaolinite.
FMNC - rapid and accurate wifi characterization: demo

A key part of achieving a reasonable Quality of Experience (QoE) for the mobile user is the ability to properly assess the quality of the available network capacity. Unfortunately, most existing techniques are ill-suited to wireless characterization, either providing fast but grossly inaccurate results or providing accurate results at the cost of time and bandwidth. To meet this need, we developed Fast Mobile Network Characterization (FMNC). FMNC operates within a web fetch and provides an accurate available bandwidth assessment within 250 ms while consuming less than 100 KB of data. In our demo, we will show the mobile clients for FMNC including apps for Android / iOS, the server back end, and a REST API. We will also show visualization of our ongoing longitudinal dataset of nearly one hundred users.
'And What Do You Say I Am?': The Meaning of the Kentucky Display

In McCreary County v. ACLU, a bare majority of the Supreme Court affirmed that secularism is still the overriding principle of church-state law. Their “touchstone” was the “principle” which “mandates governmental neutrality between...religion and nonreligion.” But that’s actually not quite it. “Neutrality” between something and its absence — such as “religion” and “nonreligion” — would be (if it is imaginable at all) at least some of the thing. “Neutrality” between, say, a desert climate and a tropical climate would be someplace like Northern Indiana: rains here quite a bit but nothing like it does in the Amazon.
Management of Treatment - Resistant Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder

Purpose of review Many individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not fully respond to first-line treatments (psychotherapy consisting of exposure and response prevention [EX/RP] and serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SRI] pharmacotherapy). These cases are often considered “treatment-resistant” OCD. In this article, we offer a heuristic guide for treating clinicians for such cases. Recent findings Clinical options for treatment-resistant OCD include augmenting first-line treatments with medications, psychotherapy, and neuromodulatory approaches. These augmentation and novel monotherapy interventions offer promise in allowing more patients to improve. For the most refractory cases, neurosurgery may be considered, though only as a last resort after less invasive treatments have been given adequate trials. Summary In the future, advances in our understanding of OCD and its brain mechanisms may refine existing interventions and yield new treatment options. Ultimately, these efforts may lead to a precision medicine approach to treating OCD by allowing clinicians to match optimal treatment strategies to each individual patient.
Development of an Automated Flexible Micro-Soldering Station

This paper describes a flexible automated soldering system to handle meso and micro-scale soldering operations. The system is guided by a vision system and consists of two micromanipulators, an XY motion stage, and a solder pen with an automatic solder feeder. One micromanipulator is used to hold and position the solder pen and attached solder feeder in the workspace; the second micromanipulator is used to hold and position the wire(s) to be soldered on to a printed circuit board (PCB). After hardware and vision system calibration, the user can select point(s) from a real-time image of the workspace for the desired soldering operations to occur. The soldering process is then carried out automatically two different ways: 1. By servoing the XY motion stage with the PCB to position it under the soldering manipulator followed by the solder operation; or 2. By moving the soldering manipulator to the target soldering sites on the PCB that remain stationary. Experimental results for both scenarios are presented and discussed for soldering single and multiple wires at a time. This system provides a flexible manufacturing solution for operations that demand custom micro-soldering operations in a 2D plane.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Late Reinfection May Recur More Than 5 Years After Reimplantation of THA and TKA: Analysis of Pathogen Factors.

AbstractBackgroundTwo-stage reimplantation has consistently yielded high rates of success for patients with chronic prosthetic joint infection, although results more than 5 years after reimplantation are not commonly reported. Numerous factors may contribute to the risk of reinfection, although thes
Factors Related to Internal Auditors' Organizational-Professional Conflict

SYNOPSIS Due to the unique nature of their position, internal auditors often experience organizational-professional conflict (OPC). It is important to understand the nature of OPC and its implicati...
Exploring Healthy Eating and Exercise Behaviors Among Low-Income Breastfeeding Mothers.

Background:Postpartum weight retention is often a significant contributor to overweight and obesity. Lactation is typically not sufficient for mothers to return to pre-pregnancy weight. Modifiable ...
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Squirrel Monkey

Feeding and foraging occupy a large percentage of time for the squirrel monkey. Animals have been reported to consume a variety of natural foods, including nuts, fruits, seeds, leaves, and insects. These data have been collected from visual observation of materials that enter the animal’s mouth, from studying the stomach contents of primates that have been collected, from identification of damage done to surrounding fauna and flora, and from studying the contents of fecal material left from the animals (Brodie and Marshall, 1963a,b; Fooden, 1964; Thorington, 1968, 1970). With these techniques, however, it is difficult to quantitate the nutrient intakes over long periods of time and it is impossible to make estimates of the mean calorie, protein, vitamin, and mineral intakes of these animals.
Narrative Inquiry (NI) as an Exemplary Method for Social Justice Leadership

School districts in Idaho have witnessed growth in the immigration of people from sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, Central Europe, Mexico, and Latin America. The children of these immigrants and refugees have backgrounds different from those of their predominantly white educators. The social injustice addressed in this study was the isolation and marginalization of diverse students in predominantly white schools wherein educators with backgrounds different from their students may not be well prepared to connect with and educate them. It was not the purpose of the research to attempt to discover a theory of, or solution to, the injustice, but rather to explore how narrative inquiry as a traditional qualitative research tool may be drawn upon in a new way for social justice. As a small step in the effort toward culturally proficient instruction and leadership, narrative inquiry (NI) research utilizing a social justice perspective was conducted with three educators and the researchers themselves. Educators learned from their students and therefore about themselves, and by learning about themselves, educators became more invested as social justice leaders. A central narrative for social justice leadership was developed and discussed. Narrative inquiry (NI) was thus proposed as a research method vehicle to promote depth of understanding in social justice leadership. Recommendations were included for leaders seeking to create inclusive and equitable schools or organizations.
Using a Digital Camera to Verify Quadratic Behavior

A stream of water follows a parabolic curve uadratic expressions have long been a major focus of high school algebra. The study of functions of the form fix) = ax2 + bx + c typically includes factoring, the quadratic formula, parabolic graphs, and classi cal word problems. However, involving students in applications for which these functions serve as models has always been difficult, A common occur rence of a quadratic function in the physical world is the description of the location, as a function of time, of a body whose motion is subject only to the force of gravity. Examples include a free-falling body, a ball rolling down a hypothetically friction free inclined plane, and the path of a projectile. All are consequences of Newton's laws of motion. Unfortunately, without elaborate equipment it can be difficult to verify that these phenomena can indeed be described by second-degree polynomials. Just as a projectile in flight follows a parabolic curve, so does a stream of water from a faucet or hose pointing at an acute angle up from the hori zontal, as shown in figure 1. To verify that this stream is parabolic, begin by positioning the nozzle of a faucet or hose near to, and so that its stream will be parallel to, a large, flat outside wall. Turn the water on, reach behind the stream, and use chalk to mark on the wall several points that are horizontally aligned with the stream. After turning off the water, draw a chalk grid and define an arbi trary rectangular-coordinate system. Record the coordinates of the points, and enter them into a graph calculator. Finally, use the regression capabilities of the calculator to find the quadratic fu ction of best fit. If the experiment is done care fully, this fit should be excellent. This activity presents practical difficulties, not the least of which is the proximity of a large amount of spraying water to the students marking the points on the wall. This difficulty can be cir cumvented by photographing the stream of water. In particular, the ability of many digital cameras to ommunicate electronically with personal computers simplifies the task of recording several coordinates of the stream of water.
Educating the Next Generation of Cyberforensic Professionals

This paper provides a historical overview of the development of cyberforensics as a scientific discipline, along with a description of the current state of training, educational programs, certification and accreditation. The paper traces the origins of cyberforensics, the acceptance of cyberforensics as forensic science and its recognition as a component of information security. It also discusses the development of professional certifications and standardized bodies of knowledge that have had a substantial impact on the discipline. Finally, it discusses the accreditation of cyberforensic educational programs, its linkage with the bodies of knowledge and its effect on cyberforensic educational programs.
Leukemic Transformation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Therapeutic and Genomic Considerations.

Although BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic, clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders marked by proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages, a substantial proportion of patients transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemic transformation (LT) from a pre-existing MPN carries a dismal prognosis. Here, we review recent genetic, biological, and clinical data regarding LT. In the last decade, DNA sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the genomic landscape of LT. Mutations in TP53, ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/2, and SRSF2 are significantly associated with increased risk of LT of MPNs. Preclinical modeling of these mutations is underway and has yielded important biological insights, some of which have therapeutic implications. Recent progress has led to the identification of recurrent genomic alterations in patients with LT. This has allowed mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the process of LT. In turn, this may lead to more mechanism-based therapeutic strategies that may improve patient outcomes.
Single Center Experience of Hepatitis C Donor Viremic Cardiac Transplantation

Purpose Patients with end-stage heart failure eligible for orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) exceeds the number of available donor organs. With the introduction of curative medications for hepatitis C (HCV), these hearts are now being utilized in an effort to expand organ availability. The safety and feasibility of these organs in OHT has been previously described; however, many of the donor hearts were HCV immune and non-viremic. We seek to describe our experience with patients receiving HCV viremic organs. Methods St. Vincent Hospital in Indianapolis, IN began utilizing HCV hearts for OHT in February 2018. We retrospectively reviewed baseline demographics, laboratory data and outcomes for those undergoing OHT from a viremic donor. Results Basic information and results are reported in Tables 1 and 2. To date, 5 recipients have completed HCV treatment, with the longest duration of follow up currently 8 months. The average seroconversion time of a viremic heart was 7 days. Compared to non-HCV donors during this same timeframe, there was no increase in infection, rejection or number of hospitalizations. Additionally, patients completing antiviral treatment have had a sustained virologic response, with another 2 currently undergoing treatment and the final 3 awaiting insurance approval to initiate treatment. Conclusion In our early experience, we have demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing viremic HCV donor hearts for organ transplantation , thereby increasing the pool of available donors for patients that may not have otherwise received an organ. Further analysis of discordant HCV transplantation's financial impact is currently ongoing.
Divergent effects of instructed and reported emotion regulation strategies on children's memory for emotional information.

Distraction can reduce adults’ memory for emotion-eliciting information, whereas reappraisal can preserve or enhance it. Yet, when given instructions to use specific emotion regulation (ER) strateg...
A mimic of hepatic encephalopathy: Two cases of cryptococcal meningitis in North America

In the non-human immunodeficiency virus infected population, cryptococcosis occurs primarily in people who are functionally immunosuppressed, including patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation requiring immunosuppressive medications, are on corticosteroids, or have renal failure or cirrhosis. Cryptococcal meningitis poses a particular challenge in the setting of cirrhosis because its clinical presentation can mimic hepatic encephalopathy. Here, we describe two patients with decompensated cirrhosis, both with a known history of hepatic encephalopathy who had lumbar punctures and were found to have cryptococcal meningitis. The first patient had a subacute fluctuating change in mental status, while the second patient had progressive subacute headaches, gait disturbance, and hearing loss. Both patients were treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction, but only the second survived to maintenance therapy. These cases demonstrate the importance of having a high index of suspicion for cryptococcal meningitis in cirrhosis and having a low threshold for performing a lumbar puncture when altered mental status or other neurologic complaints are not fully explained by hepatic encephalopathy. We also provide a brief review of the pathobiology of cryptococcal infection in cirrhosis and highlight the challenges in therapy.
Semi-permanent cationic coating for protein separations.

Abstract Capillary electrophoresis has been used extensively for protein separations, but interactions of proteins with the negative charge on the surface of fused silica capillary create band broadening and diminish the separation efficiency. Coatings developed to mask the negative charge of the capillary affect the electroosmotic flow. The method presented in this work addresses these concerns through the use of a two-layer coating of a semi-permanent phospholipid substrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). When used alone, phospholipid coating suppresses the electroosmotic flow but cannot be used to simultaneously separate anionic and cationic proteins. When used alone, CTAB creates a dynamic coating that facilitates the separation of cationic proteins with good efficiency, but reduces the separation efficiency of anionic proteins. The use of a hybrid phospholipid-CTAB surface coating alleviates protein adsorption, as demonstrated through a comparison of protein separations obtained with a bare fused silica capillary. The hybrid phospholipid-CTAB surface enables high efficiency separations of cationic and anionic proteins simultaneously. This work verifies the role of the hydrophobic tail of CTAB in developing a stable coating with an electroosmotic flow of 3.14 × 10−4 cm2V-1s-1 (n = 10) from the cathode to the anode at a pH of 7. The coating yields a stable electroosmotic flow even after 2 h of flushing with background electrolyte devoid of CTAB (n = 3) and six consecutive protein injections with no flush sequence between runs. The coating can be used with background electrolytes with pH values ranging from 4 to 8 while maintaining 1% RSD (n = 10) in the electroosmotic flow for each background electrolyte. Six model proteins, lysozyme, ribonuclease A, α-chymotrypsinogen A, enolase, transferrin, and α-1-antitrypsin, with pI values ranging from 4.4 to 11 were used to demonstrate the stability of the phospholipid-CTAB coating, the lack of protein interaction with the wall, and the utility of the coating for the separation of proteins of similar isoelectric points and of protein isoforms.
The credit system and the summative assessment splitting moment

By using Shlomo Vinner’s credit system concept, we show that summative assessment is a rather vague and underrepresented notion in mathematics education literature. The emotional drive behind this article is expressed in the following questions: How is it possible to look for concrete exclusionary school practices that qualify some and disqualify others without realizing that promotion/exclusion only becomes effective when a certain symbol is officially attached to the name of a student? How is it possible not to notice that promotion/exclusion can only be based on assessment-evaluation of mathematical content ability? How is it possible that mathematics education literature never broaches the consequences of assessment-evaluation on the lives of the students? We argue that these are not due to a temporary blindness of mathematics education research, but, rather, that we are dealing with a symptom. We focus on the dichotomous aspect of summative assessment as potentially loaded with anguish for students and teachers; we call it the splitting moment and endeavor to discuss its consequences for students and teachers.
ESRA19-0048 An alternative approach to difficult pediatric arterial cannulation using near-infrared projection

Background and aims Arterial puncture is frequently performed in the peri-operative setting to enable continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring or arterial blood sampling. Infants can be one of the most difficult patient populations for cannulation owing to their small veins, limited access points due to size and the need to manage the anxiety of both the children and their parents. Furthermore, arterial blood flow may not appear pulsatile in young infants, making cannulation process even more tricky. the typically described techniques to pediatric arterial cannulation include: direct (by palpating the pules), use of guidewire, or ultrasound (B-mode or doppler)-guided. Methods In this report, we suggest another technique, using near-infrared light, VeinViewer® (Luminetx Corporation, Memphis, TN, USA), to help us achieve successful arterial cannulation in an infant, when all of the above techniques failed. Results The infant’s arteries are still relatively superficial, so we could project the pulsating radial artery over the infant’s wrist using the VeinViewer®, and successfully cannulated the radial artery. the process did not require a gel interface and bore no risk of contamination by ultrasound probes. Conclusions There are existing studies reporting that the infra-red devices such as VeinViewer® facilitating peripheral venous access for pediatric patients. However, this is a first description of its use to visualise superficial arteries, instead of veins, in a 10 month old infant, enabling successful arterial cannulation (figure 1). We hope this technique will add to the armamentarium of techniques and equipment currently used to assist difficult arterial cannulation in small infants.
Answer to December 2019 Photo Quiz.

Answer: Neonatal meningitis due to Streptococcus lutetiensis. The organism identified from the thioglycolate subculture by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and by 16S Sanger sequencing of the CSF specimen was Streptococcus lutetiensis. After identification, the infant was empirically transitioned to
The Impact of Wartime Cooperative Relationship Between the US Government and the Media and Entertainment Industries on American Society and Consumers

Every aspect of American society was affected by World War II, including the economic structure of the nation along with advertising, radio, newspapers, magazines, motion pictures, music, and trade books. After the end of the war, television emerged as a powerful entertainment format. What was the state of the US economy in the immediate postwar years? How did the media and entertainment formats emerge from the war? What problems did they confront after the war? This chapter addresses many of the key economic issues, including the Gross Domestic Product, unemployment, the population, Domestic Consumer Expenditures, and inflation. In addition, the industries listed above are analyzed in terms of their resiliency to confront new business challenges once hostilities ended.