cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of myocardial temperatures with multidose cardioplegia versus single-dose cardioplegia and myocardial surface cooling during coronary artery bypass grafting.

Myocardial hypothermia with multidose cardioplegia has not been compared with single-dose cardioplegia and myocardial surface cooling with a cooling jacket in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting. In this study, 20 patients with three-vessel disease undergoing coronary bypass at 28° C with bicaval cannulation, caval tapes, and pulmonary artery venting (4.9 ± 0.7 grafts per patient) were prospectively randomized equally into group I (multidose cardioplegia) and group II (single-dose cardioplegia with a cooling jacket). The initial dose of cardioplegic solution was 1000 ml. Group I then received 500 ml of cardioplegic solution every 20 minutes, delivered into the aortic root and available grafts. In group II, after the cardioplegic solution had been administered, a cooling jacket covering the right and left ventricles was applied. In both groups temperatures were recorded every 30 seconds at five ventricular sites: (1) right ventricular epicardium; (2) right ventricular myocardium or cavity, 7 mm; (3) left ventricular epicardium; (4) left ventricular myocardium or cavity, 15 mm; and (5) septum, 20 mm. Group mean temperatures at each site at various times were compared within each group and between the two groups by analysis of variance. Aortic crossclamp time was 60.3 ± 12.1 minutes in group I and 52.8 ± 7.3 minutes in group II (p = 0.12); cardiopulmonary bypass time was 103.7 ± 11.1 minutes in group I versus 87.7 ± 12.7 minutes in group II (p
Case 37: Validity of the Cricoid Pressure (Sellick’s Maneuver)

A young assistant professor approaches you with a suggestion for a clinical study. He has entitled it:
Abstract 1867: Activation of RHO-DIAPH signaling impairs RAS-driven exosome biogenesis

Like oncogenic RAS, the RAS homologues RHOA and RHOB are conventionally thought to support the malignant platform by governing cell structure remodeling by effectors that include the Diaphanous (DIAPH) family formins. RHO-activated DIAPHs generate linear actin filaments (F-actin) that physically support membrane protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells and the trafficking of growth factor receptors, which are processes that may be required for malignant progression. However, our cellular, genetic, and pharmacological studies argue that both RHO and DIAPHs function as tumor suppressors whose loss of function triggers or augments malignant progression. DIAPH1 and DIAPH3 inhibition, for example, reduces cortical F-actin sufficiently to cause non-apoptotic blebbing. Combined with oncogenic RAS, DIAPH inhibition and blebbing accelerate exosome release. These exosomes have the capacity to foment oncogenesis by seasoning cells of the tumor microenvironment in ways that promote inflammation, survival, immune escape, and metastasis. We have identified a mechanism whereby RAS uses its own guanine-nucleotide releasing protein, SOS, to inhibit DIAPHs and facilitate its own escape within exosomes. Consistent with this idea, pharmacological activation of RHO and DIAPH signaling inhibits tumorigenesis and invasion. RHO and DIAPH agonist/activation strategies may prove to be an effective alternative for impairing RAS-driven oncogenesis where conventional inhibitors of RAS-MAPK signaling have failed or have been met by poorly understood resistance mechanisms. Citation Format: Julie Davis-Turner, Andrew M. Howard, Arthur S. Alberts. Activation of RHO-DIAPH signaling impairs RAS-driven exosome biogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1867.
The Postoperative Breast

Surgical interventions in the breast include excisional biopsy, lumpectomy, mastectomy, reduction, and augmentation. There are expected benign postsurgical changes following these interventions. These benign imaging findings may overlap with radiographic features of malignancy or obscure tumor recurrence. Awareness of normal postoperative imaging changes correlated with prior procedural history and time that has elapsed since those procedures is important for increasing accurate early detection of breast cancer or tumor recurrence in patients with history of breast cancer.
Enhancing Scalability and Load Balancing of Parallel Selected Inversion via Tree-Based Asynchronous Communication

We develop a method for improving the parallel scalability of computations that involve asynchronous task execution. We apply this method to the recently developed parallel selected inversion algorithm [Jacquelin, Lin and Yang 2014], named PSelInv, on massively parallel distributed memory machines. In the PSelInv method, we compute selected elements of the inverse of a sparse matrix A that can be decomposed as A = LU, where L is lower triangular and U is upper triangular. Computing these selected elements of A-1 requires restricted collective communications among a subset of processors within each column or row communication group created by a block cyclic distribution of L and U. We describe how this type of restricted collective communication can be implemented using asynchronous point-to-point MPI communications combined with a binary tree based data propagation scheme. Because multiple restricted collective communications may take place at the same time, we need to use a heuristic to prevent processors participating in multiple collective communications from receiving too many messages. This heuristic allows us to reduce communication load imbalance and improve the overall scalability of the selected inversion algorithm. For instance, when 6, 400 processors are used, we observe that the use of this heuristic leads to over 5x speedup for a number of test matrices. It also mitigates the performance variability introduced by an inhomogeneous network topology.
Brother or Other: The Place of Neanderthals in Human Evolution

Few have provided insights and thoughtful explanations for Neanderthals that equal what have been a central theme in Yoel Rak’s publications. One of his deep understandings is that Neanderthals are another way of being human: not inferior, not superior, but different. Looking at what we now understand, Rak has been fundamentally correct in this insight, and where new discoveries have been unexpected, they serve to expand its scope and meaning. Unexpected new information about Neanderthal body form, demography, and even breeding behavior support and flesh out Rak’s essential insight about the place of Neanderthals in human evolution. In this paper some of the new discoveries and interpretations of Neanderthals and their evolution are discussed in this context. We examine three aspects of how Neanderthals are another way of being human: body shape (as revealed in the pelvis ), population structure (as revealed in their paleodemography), and breeding behavior (as revealed by paleogenetics, in the pattern of ancient gene flow). In these ways Neanderthals are like their ancestors, or more broadly are the plesiomorphic condition.
karmoisin and cardinal ortholog genes participate in the ommochrome synthesis of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Ommochrome is the major source for eye coloration of all insect species so far examined. Phenoxazinone synthetase (PHS) has always been regarded as the terminal step enzyme for ommochrome formation, which is encoded by cardinal or karmoisin genes. Our previous study indicated that the karmoisin ortholog gene (Nl-karmoisin) product in the brown planthopper (BPH) was a monocarboxylate transporter, while not a PHS. Here, based on full-length complementary DNA, the cardinal ortholog gene in BPH (Nl-cardinal) product was predicted to be a haem peroxidase rather than a PHS. We suggest for the first time that neither karmoisin nor cardinal encodes the PHS, but whether PHS participates in BPH eye pigmentation needs further research. Nymphal RNA interference (RNAi) experiments showed that knockdown Nl-cardinal transcript led the BPH ocelli and compound eye to color change from brown to red, while knockdown Nl-karmoisin only made the ocelli present the red phenotype. Notably, not only the Nl-cardinal transcript, dscd injection (Nl-cardinal targeting double-stranded DNA (dsRNA)) also significantly reduced the Nl-karmoisin transcript by 33.7%, while dska (Nl-karmoisin targeting dsRNA) injection did not significantly change the Nl-cardinal transcript. Considering the above RNAi and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results, we propose that Nl-cardinal plays a more important role in ommochrome synthesis than Nl-karmoisin, and it may be an upstream gene of Nl-karmoisin. The present study suggested that both karmoisin and cardinal ortholog genes play a role in ommochrome synthesis in a hemimetabolous insect.
Advancing theory development: exploring the leadership-climate relationship as a mechanism of the implementation of cultural competence.

Leadership style and specific organizational climates have emerged as critical mechanisms to implement targeted practices in organizations. Drawing from relevant theories, we propose that climate for implementation of cultural competence reflects how transformational leadership may enhance the organizational implementation of culturally responsive practices in health care organizations. Using multilevel data from 427 employees embedded in 112 addiction treatment programs collected in 2013, confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics for our measure of climate for implementation of cultural competence (Cronbach’s alpha = .88) and three outcomes: knowledge (Cronbach’s alpha = .88), services (Cronbach’s alpha = .86), and personnel (Cronbach’s alpha = .86) practices. Results from multilevel path analyses indicate a positive relationship between employee perceptions of transformational leadership and climate for implementation of cultural competence (standardized indirect effect = .057, bootstrap p < .001). We also found a positive indirect effect between transformational leadership and each of the culturally competent practices: knowledge (standardized indirect effect = .006, bootstrap p = .004), services (standardized indirect effect = .019, bootstrap p < .001), and personnel (standardized indirect effect = .014, bootstrap p = .005). Findings contribute to implementation science. They build on leadership theory and offer evidence of the mediating role of climate in the implementation of cultural competence in addiction health service organizations.
Genetic variants in cytokine signaling pathways and clinical outcomes in early-stage lung cancer patients

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine signaling genes and to compare them with clinical outcomes in surgical patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods SNPs of the cytokine signaling pathway were analyzed using peripheral blood of 722 patients who underwent resection of stage I to III NSCLC between 1995 and 2009. Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to identify SNPs associated with overall survival (OS) and risk of recurrence. Internal validation using bootstrap analysis selected SNPs for unfavorable genotype and survival tree analysis. Results Seventeen and 9 SNPs were independently associated with OS and recurrence, respectively. Patients with ≥9 unfavorable genotypes experienced worse OS (median, 41 months) than patients with 7 to 8 (89 months) and ≤6 (153 months) after median follow-up of 71 months ( P = 2.86 × 10 −23 ). Patients with ≤3 unfavorable genotypes had greater time to recurrence (median not reached) than those with 4 to 6 (114 months) and ≥7 (44 months; P = 1.3 × 10 −5 ). Survival tree analysis classified patients into 3 risk groups. Patients in the intermediate- (median OS, 82 months) and high-risk groups (43 months) had worse survival than the low-risk group (176 months; P = 5.51 × 10 −20 ). Median time to recurrence was worse in the intermediate- (114 months) and high-risk groups (58 months) than the low-risk group (median not reached; P = 2.52 × 10 −9 ). Conclusions Genetic variants in cytokine signaling pathways were associated with clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with surgery individually and cumulatively. Further studies are necessary to elucidate our findings and translate them into the clinical setting.
Weight Concerns and Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes among Young Adults

Higher weight concerns have been associated with higher cigarette smoking, particularly among women, partly because smoking is perceived to limit appetite for food. E-cigarettes are increasingly used as an alternative to combustible cigarettes and are widely believed to be less harmful than cigarettes. Currently it is not known whether weight concerns are associated with e-cigarette use among young adults. In this study, we tested the association between weight concerns and cigarette and e-cigarette use and use susceptibility among young adults. Cross-sectional data were collected from college students (N = 470; M age = 20.9; SD = 2.1; 65% women). Results indicated that weight concerns were significantly associated with lifetime and current cigarette smoking status, current cigarette smoking frequency and cigarette use susceptibility (among never smokers), adjusting for demographics variables. Weight concerns were not associated with lifetime or current e-cigarette use status or e-cigarette use susceptibility, adjusting for demographics and cigarette use status. However, higher weight concerns were associated with higher frequency of current e-cigarette use, adjusting for demographic variables and current cigarette smoking frequency. These findings imply that even though weight concerns may not motivate e-cigarette use as strongly as cigarette use, weight concerns may influence higher intensity of e-cigarette use among users.
Prostate Tumor Cell Plasticity: A Consequence of the Microenvironment

During each step of prostate cancer metastasis, cancer displays phenotypic plasticity that is associated with the expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal properties or an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This phenotypic transition is typically in response to microenvironment signals and is the basis for basic cancer cell survival (e.g. motility and invasion versus proliferation). In this review we discuss the loss and gain of E-cadherin expression as a marker of tumor plasticity throughout the steps of metastasis, and particularly focus on dynamic tumor–stromal interaction that induce a cancer cell-associated mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition in the bone and liver microenvironments.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Ophthalmic findings.

Abstract Prospective ophthalmic evaluation was performed in 20 individuals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a type of oculocutaneous albinism with an associated deficiency of dense bodies in platelets. The extent of visual impairment and the possible relationship to the degree of hypopigmentation were studied. All patients showed nystagmus, visual acuity ranged from 20/60 to 20/400, and correction of refractive error provided a mild improvement in vision. Iris pigmentation varied in amount and did not correlate with the visual acuity measurement. Foveal hypoplasia was found in all patients, but variability in macular transparency and vascular architecture was noted. Visual-evoked potentials performed in 11 patients demonstrated excessive decussation of optic fibers. Recognition of this form of oculocutaneous albinism is important because of the associated pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac manifestations of Herman sky-Pudlak syndrome.
Trust and hybrid reasoning for ontological knowledge bases

Projects such as Libra and Cimple have built systems to capture knowledge in a research community and to respond to semantic queries. However, they lack the support for a knowledge base that can evolve over time while responding to queries requiring reasoning. We consider a semantic web that covers linked data about science research that are being harvested from the Web and are supplemented and edited by community members. We use ontologies to incorporate semantics to detect conflicts and resolve inconsistencies, and to infer new relations or proof statements with a reasoning engine. We consider a semantic web subject to changes in the knowledge base, the underlying ontology or the rule set that governs the reasoning. In this paper we explore the idea of trust where each change to the knowledge base is analyzed as to what subset of the knowledge base can still be trusted. We present algorithms that adapt the reasoner such that, when proving a goal, it does a simple retrieval when it encounters trusted items and backward chaining over untrusted items. We provide an evaluation of our proposed modifications that show that our algorithm is conservative and that it provides significant gains in performance for certain queries.
Modelling of a Multi-Valent Impurity, Such as GaAs:Cr

Chromium may participate as a deep lying impurity in GaAs in several ways: substitutional as CrGa or CrAs, or as a member of a complex. The usual Cr impurity studied in most work is believed to be CrGa. Unusual conditions are pointed out that might create forms such as CrAs. The remainder of the paper is specific to CrGa, for which the lattice-neutral condition requires three electrons lost to bonding, CrIII. The acceptor condition CrII is well-known, and there has been considerable evidence for the doubly-ionized acceptor CrI. Less evidence exists for CrGa as an amphoteric impurity with a charge state CrIV (one trapped hole). However, that state is also taken into account in writing a set of coupled equations for transition processes among the charge conditions CrI through CrIV. Complicated splittings of the bound states are discussed, as arise from the anisotropic crystal field, spin-orbit coupling and Jahn-Teller distortions. Energy changes of the system (impurity + host) when an electron or hole is emitted or captured are contrasted with enthalpies of activation. An example from CrIII⇋CrII capture/emission data shows that internal consistency is possible in describing communication of Cr with the conduction and valence bands.
Stability conditions and local minima in multicomponent Hartree-Fock and density functional theory

Multicomponent quantum chemistry allows the quantum mechanical treatment of electrons and specified protons on the same level. Typically the goal is to identify a self-consistent-field (SCF) solution that is the global minimum associated with the molecular orbital coefficients of the underlying Hartree-Fock (HF) or density functional theory (DFT) calculation. To determine whether the solution is a minimum or a saddle point, herein we derive the stability conditions for multicomponent HF and DFT in the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework. The gradient is always zero for an SCF solution, whereas the Hessian must be positive semi-definite for the solution to be a minimum rather than a saddle point. The stability matrices for NEO-HF and NEO-DFT have the same matrix structures, which are identical to the working matrices of their corresponding linear response time-dependent theories (NEO-TDHF and NEO-TDDFT) but with a different metric. A negative eigenvalue of the stability matrix is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the corresponding NEO-TDHF or NEO-TDDFT working equation to have an imaginary eigenvalue solution. Electron-proton systems could potentially exhibit three types of instabilities: electronic, protonic, and electron-proton vibronic instabilities. The internal and external stabilities for theories with different constraints on the spin and spatial orbitals can be analyzed. This stability analysis is a useful tool for characterizing SCF solutions and is helpful when searching for lower-energy solutions. Initial applications to HCN, HNC, and 2-cyanomalonaldehyde, in conjunction with NEO ∆SCF calculations, highlight possible connections between stationary points in nuclear coordinate space for conventional electronic structure calculations and stationary points in orbital space for NEO calculations.
Is Seeing Believing? Rapist Culture on the Screen

Screen culture regularly transmits rapist culture – making rape seem inevitable, while eroticizing and masculinizing men’s violence against women and girls (including transgender women and girls). This essay selects classic and contemporary representations, mostly film and some television, that propagate the rapist faith, with particularly attention given to issues of the fusion of sex and violence, the intersections of rape with racism, and the ways that rape attempts to destroy the integrity of self. Also considered here are resistant viewer responses to screen culture as well as active and creative representations, ones that see through rapism, reclaim sovereignty and integrity, and imagine the possibility of a future without rape.
Statistics—A Summing Up

Our journey that began with William Petty’s political arithmetic and Blaise Pascal’s correspondence on gaming is at an end. The tour has provided an introduction to the principles and practice of economic and social statistics. The journey has taken us back in time and we have viewed the principal developments in the mirror of history.
Career Cognitions among U.S. Adolescents in Military and Non-Military Families

The vocation an individual engages in as an adult has several important implications for both the individual and their family and multiple factors influence their career decisions. Gender has been shown to have a significant relationship with career cognitions from childhood into adulthood. When gender is seen as a career barrier, individuals may choose a career path that suits their gender, rather than their talents. Until 2013, the U.S. military expressly prohibited women from serving in a significant percentage of key positions; this institutional sexism may make gender a more salient factor in the career cognitions of individuals developing within a military context. The actual impact of military context on career cognitions, however, has not been investigated. This ex post facto study explores the association between developmental context (military or non-military) and future-oriented career cognitions (occupational aspirations and occupational expectations) among a sample of high school students. Girls from military families were found to have higher career aspirations but their career expectations did not differ from their civilian counterparts. No differences were found among the boys. Findings of this study have practical implications for career guidance given to high school students from military families.
Ultrasound Dereverberation/Deconvolution Filtering Based on Gaussian Mixture Modeling

Reverberation is a significant source of degradation in ultrasound imaging in regions with mixtures of scattering structures. Its effects vary from subtle to pronounced, but they can degrade both spatial and contrast resolutions. Deconvolution filters based on the system impulse response often improve axial resolution in uniform speckle regions, but may not perform optimally in complex scattering regions. We have developed an algorithm for the design of a dereverberation/deconvolution filter (DDF) based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of echo data from heterogeneous tissues. RF data were collected using the LA 14-5 probe on a SonixRP scanner while imaging the femoral artery of a familial hypercholesterolemic swine in vivo under approved protocol. The tissues surrounding the target vessel included muscle, fat and connective tissue. Correlation cell sizes and echo statistics differed substantially, which justified the use of the GMM of order 5 for this FOV. The DDF filter was derived from A-lines passing through the vessel to capture short- and long-range spatial correlations, a key feature for estimating the GMM parameters. An expectation-maximization algorithm was used to derive the DDF coefficients while updating the GMM. The algorithm converges within a few iterations to a causally stable IIR filter with well-behaved impulse response. Further iterations allow the DDF to equalize the frequency response and achieve deconvolution without the need for regularization.
US-China Trade War: The Spillover Effect

The first-world economy, the United States, and the second economy, China (now first to some), by some metrics are at loggerheads. The trade war between the United States and China is currently in ...
Improving the Licensing Workflow at a Major Research University Library

A license agreement is negotiated when libraries enter into business relationships with content providers for access to electronic resources. The following discusses the changes implemented at The ...
Kidney Biopsy Findings in Patients with COVID-19.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is thought to cause kidney injury by a variety of mechanisms. To date, pathologic analyses have been limited to patient reports and autopsy series. Methods We evaluated biopsy samples of native and allograft kidneys from patients with COVID-19 at a single center in New York City between March and June of 2020. We also used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy to examine this tissue for presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results The study group included 17 patients with COVID-19 (12 men, 12 black; median age of 54 years). Sixteen patients had comorbidities, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, malignancy, or a kidney or heart allograft. Nine patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Fifteen patients (88%) presented with AKI; nine had nephrotic-range proteinuria. Among 14 patients with a native kidney biopsy, 5 were diagnosed with collapsing glomerulopathy, 1 was diagnosed with minimal change disease, 2 were diagnosed with membranous glomerulopathy, 1 was diagnosed with crescentic transformation of lupus nephritis, 1 was diagnosed with anti-GBM nephritis, and 4 were diagnosed with isolated acute tubular injury. The three allograft specimens showed grade 2A acute T cell-mediated rejection, cortical infarction, or acute tubular injury. Genotyping of three patients with collapsing glomerulopathy and the patient with minimal change disease revealed that all four patients had APOL1 high-risk gene variants. We found no definitive evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in kidney cells. Biopsy diagnosis informed treatment and prognosis in all patients. Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 develop a wide spectrum of glomerular and tubular diseases. Our findings provide evidence against direct viral infection of the kidneys as the major pathomechanism for COVID-19-related kidney injury and implicate cytokine-mediated effects and heightened adaptive immune responses.
Postoperative Pain Is Correlated with Scaphoid Dorsal Translation following Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction.

Background Dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) has been demonstrated to occur in patients with complete scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated ability to detect DST in patients with documented complete scapholunate (SL) disruption, but the relevance of this parameter to outcomes of reconstruction has not been determined. Purpose The purpose of this article is to determine how radiographic parameters of SL dissociation correlate with postoperative pain and functional outcomes of SLIL reconstruction. Methods We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on a cohort of 14 patients who underwent SLIL repair or reconstruction. Preoperative data included radiographic measurements of carpal posture and alignment (SL angle, radiolunate [RL] angle, SL gap, and DST), self-reported measure of average pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10, and the patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) survey. Postoperatively, the same data were collected at each follow-up visit. Radiographic parameters were statistically compared with postoperative NRS pain score and PRWE scores. Statistical correlations were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, and mean NRS pain scores were compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests, with an α value of p = 0.05. Results Mean NRS pain scores improved significantly after surgery. Mean DST improved significantly after surgery. The presence of postoperative dorsal scaphoid translation (DST) correlated strongly with postoperative pain. SL angle, RL angle, and SL gap showed no correlation with patient reported pain. There was no correlation with any radiographic parameter and PRWE. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the presence of DST in postoperative radiographs has a strong correlation with patient reported pain following SLIL reconstruction. We conclude that correction of dorsal translation of the scaphoid is a more sensitive predictor of postoperative pain relief than SL gap, RL angle, or SL angle. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.
Disassembly-based bill of materials data for consumer electronic products.

Consumer electronic products have a complex life cycle, characterized by environmental, social, and economic impacts and benefits associated with their manufacturing, use, and disposal at end-of-life. Accurately analysing these trade-offs and creating sustainable solutions requires data about the materials and components that make up these devices. Such information is rarely disclosed by manufacturers and only exists in the open literature in disparate case study format. This study presents a comprehensive database of bill of material (BOM) data describing the mass of major materials and components contained in 95 unique consumer electronic products. Data are generated by product disassembly and physical characterization and then validated against external benchmarks in the literature. The study also contributes a reproducible framework for organizing BOM data so that they can be expanded as new products enter the market. These data will benefit researchers studying all aspects of electronics and sustainability, including material scarcity, product design, environmental life cycle assessment, electronic waste policy, and environmental health and safety. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12513695
Simulation-based learning for enhanced gynecologic brachytherapy training among radiation oncology residents.

Abstract Purpose Brachytherapy is an irreplaceable component of gynecologic cancer treatment. Resident training has declined, and procedural exposure is variable. We evaluated whether simulation-based gynecologic brachytherapy training among radiation oncology residents could improve knowledge, confidence, and interest. Methods and Materials Before a brachytherapy workshop, radiation oncology residents without prior gynecologic brachytherapy experience completed a survey on brachytherapy knowledge, procedural confidence, plan evaluation, and quality/safety. Residents then participated in a gynecologic brachytherapy workshop. Lectures covered brachytherapy imaging and physics principles/quality assurance, followed by hands-on and individualized feedback regarding applicator selection and placement, target segmentation, and physics quality assurance. Afterward, preworkshop questions were recollected. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis. Results After the workshop, resident responses regarding the learning environment and baseline knowledge questions improved overall. There was a 30% improvement in favorable responses to the learning environment statement “My residency has a formal process/curriculum to teach brachytherapy” and for baseline knowledge the greatest improvement was seen for “I am familiar with the anatomy and placement of the applicators in relation to the anatomy”. “Lack of didactic or procedural training exposure” was identified as the main reason for declining brachytherapy use. Initially, 1/8 residents correctly completed the knowledge questions, and after the workshop, 6/7 (p Conclusions Domain-specific knowledge, procedural confidence, and brachytherapy interest improved after a gynecologic brachytherapy workshop. Integrated didactic and simulation-based brachytherapy training may serve as a valuable learning tool to augment resident knowledge, introduce practical skills, and spark resident interest in brachytherapy.
From Rivers to Stars: Indigenous Self-Determination in Games and XR

Along the River of Spacetime opens from within 360° footage of a wigwam. You are welcomed to look to the sky to activate stars to form constellations. In doing so, you are teleported across non-linear seasons as you contribute to the restoration of lands and waters in the present. Meanwhile, in When Rivers Were Trails, you are challenged to make a journey because you've been displaced from your territory in the 1890's, with requests to participate in resistances, confrontations with Indian Agents, and crossing rivers by canoe along the way to finding a new sense of home.Whether interfacing through headsets, keyboards, or touchscreens, the myriad of games and XR discussed in this talk are informed by Indigenous self-determination, meaning they are led by Indigenous voices, which in turn informs the possibilities of interactions.
Acute overventilation does not cause lung damage in moderately hemorrhaged swine.

Appropriate airway management is essential in trauma and critically ill patients. Prolonged mechanical ventilation can result in overventilation-induced lung barotrauma, but few studies have examin...
Using focus groups to evaluate a multiyear consumer health outreach collaboration

Objectives: Academic health sciences librarians sought to evaluate the efficacy and future of the Health Information Specialists Program, a five-year consumer health information outreach collaboration with public libraries across the state. Methods: Five focus groups were held with participants from all five years of the program. Thirty-four participants from the program attended. Facilitators used structured interview guides consisting of eleven questions regarding the impact of the collaboration on participants’ abilities to connect themselves or others to health information; the usefulness of materials or knowledge gained and its applications; any consumer health outreach projects that arose from the program; and suggestions for future topics, formats, or modifications. Data was hand-coded and analyzed using the framework analysis methodology for qualitative research. Results: Participants reported feeling improved confidence and comfort in providing health information services to their patrons. Numerous instances of knowledge transfer—in their personal lives, with their colleagues, and for their patrons—were described. Participants reported improved abilities to both find and evaluate consumer health information, and many adapted class materials for their own programming or teaching. Suggestions were provided for future class topics as well as a program website. Conclusion: Based on data from the five focus groups, the Health Information Specialists Program has positively impacted participants in a number of ways. Primary among these were self-reported improvement in both health information retrieval skills and the ability to evaluate the reliability of health information online, as well as in the confidence to help patrons with their health information needs.
Cellular Interactions between Transplanted Autonomic Ganglia and the Developing Brain

Within the past few years, attempts to restructure damaged or deficient circuitry within the central nervous system (CNS) have involved the use of fetal CNS tissue transplants as specific replacements (Lund and Hauschka 1976, Perlow et al. 1979, Gash et al. 1980). Necessarily, the placement of grafts in these systems involves damage to the host brain. Experimental methods entail either direct insertion into the parenchyma or the establishment of a resection cavity for subsequent graft placement (Das and Altman 1972, Stenevi et al. 1976, Bjorklund and Stenevi 1979). Either means, although successful in terms of connectivity, may produce not only an extensive astroglial reaction but the ensuing brain wound violates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus serves to liberate systemically derived macrophages (see Imamoto and LeBlond 1977).
Kodkod: a relational model finder

The key design challenges in the construction of a SAT-based relational model finder are described, and novel techniques are proposed to address them. An efficient model finder must have a mechanism for specifying partial solutions, an effective symmetry detection and breaking scheme, and an economical translation from relational to boolean logic. These desiderata are addressed with three new techniques: a symmetry detection algorithm that works in the presence of partial solutions, a sparse-matrix representation of relations, and a compact representation of boolean formulas inspired by boolean expression diagrams and reduced boolean circuits. The presented techniques have been implemented and evaluated, with promising results.
SV40-induced ependymomas in newborn hamsters. I. Virus-tumor relationships.

Intracerebral inoculation of newborn hamsters with SV40 resulted in the formation of ependymomas. The latent period and frequency of tumor incidence depended on the virus concentration employed. Each of 12 animals injected with 108TCID50 of virus developed characteristic tumors, whereas 106TCID50 or less gave negative results during a 7 months' period of observation. The latent period ranged from 87 to 137 days. No evidence of viral multiplication in the brain or other tissues of the hamster was found. Attempts to demonstrate virus in tumor extracts failed consistently. However, SV40 was found in trace amounts when intact tumor cells were seeded on monolayer cultures of African green monkey kidney cells. Only a small fraction of the tumor cells contained infectious material. No free virus was detectable in tissue-cultured tumor cells. None of the hamsters inoculated with a minimum of 105TCID50/ml of SV1, SV2, SV4, or SV5 on the day of birth showed any detectable effects during 7 months of observation.
Giant cell pneumonia with inclusions.

A case of giant cell pneumonia with inclusions is reported. Intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions are present. Exhaustive search reveals no inclusions in viscera other than the lungs. The pulmonary cytologic picture is similar to that seen in canine distemper.
"Spare" alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and the potency of agonists in rat vas deferens.

The existence of "spare" alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens was examined directly using radioligand binding assays and contractility measurements. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in homogenates of rat vas deferens were labeled with [125I]BE 2254 (125IBE). Norepinephrine and other full alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonists were much less potent in inhibiting 125IBE binding than in contracting the vas deferens in vitro. Treatment with 300 nM phenoxybenzamine for 10 min to irreversibly inactivate alpha 1-adrenergic receptors caused a large decrease in the potency of full agonists in causing contraction of this tissue and a 23-48% decrease in the maximal contraction observed. Using those data, equilibrium constants for activation (Kact values) of the receptors by agonists were calculated. These Kact values agreed well with the equilibrium binding constants (KD values) determined from displacement of 125IBE binding. The reduction in alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density following phenoxybenzamine treatment was determined by Scatchard analysis of specific 125IBE binding sites and compared with the expected reduction (q values) calculated from the agonist dose-response curves before and after phenoxybenzamine treatment. Exposure to 300 nM phenoxybenzamine for 10 min resulted in a 39% decrease in specific 125IBE binding sites, which did not agree with the 93% decrease expected from the calculated q values. Treatment of vas deferens with a dose of phenoxybenzamine (10 microM for 15 min) that completely abolished the contractile response to alpha 1-adrenergic agonists caused an 82% decrease in the density of 125IBE binding sites. Tissues exposed to 300 nM phenoxybenzamine in the presence of 100 microM phentolamine or 3 microM prazosin showed no change in the dose-response curves for agonist-induced contraction or in the density of 125IBE binding sites when compared with controls. This suggests that phenoxybenzamine functionally inactivates alpha 1-adrenergic receptors at or near the receptor binding site. These experiments suggest that the potencies of agonists in activating alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens agree well with their potencies in binding to the receptors. The greater potency of agonists in causing contraction may be due to spare receptors in this tissue. The data also demonstrate that phenoxybenzamine irreversibly inactivates alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens, but that the decrease in receptor density is much smaller than that predicted from receptor theory.
Dietary Fibers and Fats Alter Rat Colon Protein Kinase C Activity: Correlation to Cell Proliferation

Protein kinase C activity and cell proliferation in rat proximal colonic mucosa were determined following diet modification with select fibers and fats for 3 wk. Rats were assigned to one of nine dietary groups: three fibers (cellulose or pectin at 6 g/100 g diet or fiber free) x three fats (beef tallow, corn oil, fish oil at 15 g/100 g diet). Protein kinase C activity was determined by measuring the phosphorylation of a highly selective synthetic peptide derived from myelin basic protein. In vivo cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA. There was a significant main effect of fat (P = 0.0008) but not fiber (P = 0.375) on the ratio of membrane to cytosolic protein kinase C with diets containing fish oils resulting in the highest ratios, corn oils in the lowest ratios and beef tallow producing an intermediate ratio. There was an interactive effect of fat and fiber on the proliferative zone (P = 0.04). Pectin resulted in a significantly greater proliferative zone than did cellulose and the fiber-free diet but only when the fat source was corn oil. There was a positive correlation between proliferative zone and both membrane protein kinase C activity (r = 0.76, P = 0.02) and protein kinase C membrane:cytosol ratio (r = 0.64, P = 0.06). Although the positive relationship between proliferative zone and protein kinase C activity has been reported previously, the high membrane protein kinase C activity found with fish oil supplementation compared to the low activity found with corn oil supplementation was unexpected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Need for Technological Advances in Assessment Related to National Educational Reform

The forces of national education reform encourage the development of improved student assessment through adoption of technological innovations. Most students with disabilities currently receive much of their instruction in regular classrooms, and recent “Inclusion” efforts may lead to fuller participation in the future. The National Education Goals and the evolving standards advocate inclusion of “all students” in revitalized curricula and instruction. The Goals 2000: Educate America Act may make the majority of special education students accountable to content, performance, and assessment standards. The expertise of special education assessment technologists can contribute to the improvement of assessment for all students.
Anorthosite-adamellite-troctolite layering in the Barth Island structure of the Nain complex, Labrador

Abstract The Barth Island structure is an oval, 9 by 6 km body of layered igneous rocks. The central part contains a rhythmically layered troctolite-adamellite sequence. The sequence is repeated outward, but appears overturned, strongly sheared and reduced in thickness. Outward follows an adamellite-anorthosite sequence in which the effects of shear gradually diminish. In both sequences cryptic layering is evidenced by gradual change in mineral compositions. Isopleth maps based on the compositions of plagioclase, orthopyroxene and olivine show a circular high of An, En and Fo percentages in troctolite, gradually decreasing inward to a low in adamellitic rock. Between the highs in troctolite and the surrounding anorthosite occurs a low-temperature trough where both sequences grade into adamellitic rock. The structure may represent a deformed portion of pre-existing igneous layering. An alternative explanation would involve mixing of successive magma batches of gradually more sodic and ferrous composition.
On neighborly families of convex bodies

A family of convex bodies in E d is called neighborly if the intersection of every two of them is (d-1)-dimensional. In the present paper we prove that there is an infinite neighborly family of centrally symmetric convex bodies in E d , d ≥ 3, such that every two of them are affinely equivalent (i.e., there is an affine transformation mapping one of them onto another), the bodies have large groups of affine automorphisms, and the volumes of the bodies are prescribed. We also prove that there is an infinite neighborly family of centrally symmetric convex bodies in E d such that the bodies have large groups of symmetries. These two results are answers to a problem of B. Grunbaum (1963). We prove also that there exist arbitrarily large neighborly families of similar convex d-polytopes in E d with prescribed diameters and with arbitrarily large groups of symmetries of the polytopes.
From Cosmology to Cold Atoms: Observation of Sakharov Oscillations in a Quenched Atomic Superfluid

Predicting the dynamics of many-body systems far from equilibrium is a challenging theoretical problem. A long-predicted phenomenon in hydrodynamic nonequilibrium systems is the occurrence of Sakharov oscillations, which manifest in the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale correlations of galaxies. Here, we report the observation of Sakharov oscillations in the density fluctuations of a quenched atomic superfluid through a systematic study in both space and time domains and with tunable interaction strengths. Our work suggests a different approach to the study of nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems and the exploration of their analogs in cosmology and astrophysics.
Noncovalent metal–ligand bond energies as studied by threshold collision‐induced dissociation

This review focuses on noncovalent metal ion-ligand complexes and measurements of the bond energies of such species. The method utilized in this work is threshold collision-induced dissociation (CID), as achieved using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. Accurate determination of bond energies requires attention to many details of the experiments and data analysis. These details are discussed thoroughly and compared to other methods. A comprehensive listing of metal-ligand bond dissociation energies determined by threshold CID is provided. This list includes a variety of metals (alkalis, magnesium, aluminum, and first and second row transition metals), many different types of ligands, and variations in the number of ligands. The trends in these values are discussed, and we elucidate the importance of ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole interactions, chelation, different conformers and tautomers, steric interactions, solvation phenomena, and electronic effects such as hybridization and promotion.