cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Keys to the Evolution of Diptera: Role of Homoptera

Adult Diptera burn sugar fuels at high rates in their flight motors, and most species require external sources of sugar for normal longevity. Flower nectar is usually assumed to be the main fuel source in nature. However, honeydew produced by various Homoptera is the primitive external sugar-fuel source for Diptera, and it is still a main source for many species. The pseudotracheate labellum is a “ground-plan” feature of Diptera that originated as an adaptation for obtaining sugars from honeydew. It enables flies to dissolve dry foods and then suck up the resultant fluid under cover of the labellar lobes. The labellum, thus, prevents significant water loss during feeding on dry foods. It is particularly well suited for obtaining sugars from the dried, thin films of Homoptera honeydew. The hypothesis that Diptera originally depended on honeydew explains their “dancing” behavior; their attraction to small, shiny objects; the presence of sugar receptors on their tarsi; and various basic, primitive differences between Diptera and other orders of Neoptera. These ideas are in agreement with the fossil record of Diptera and Homoptera. Homoptera were abundant in the Permian; the first undisputed Diptera appeared after the Permian in the Triassic. Flowers did not appear until much later (in the Cretaceous). The labellum gave adult Diptera access to honeydew sugars early in their evolution and enabled them to retain a more thoroughgoing aerial life.
Left in a Right-Handed World

Left-handers live in a world arranged for the convenience of the right-handed majority. Pressuring left-handers to adopt right-hand use, especially for writing and eating, is a worldwide phenomenon although persistent conversion attempts have eased in countries without cultural or religious biases against the left hand. Converted left-handers become more mixed in their hand use patterns, and neural imaging studies show bilateral brain activation patterns when they write or perform other hand movements. Those who remain left-handed appear to adjust to the right-sided world. There is little support for the idea that left-handedness poses a special risk factor for accidental injury because of the mismatch between preferred hand use and the design of tools and implements. Both right- and left-handers show equal facilities for nonpreferred hand use when training regimes are applied because of serious injury to or amputation of the preferred hand.
Technological Innovation Among Congressmen

While it is clear that we live in a constantly changing world, that pattern of change is neither uniform nor without resistance. The motive force for change and the willingness to adopt new innovations fail to resemble a random distribution throughout any identifiable population. Some individuals constantly seek out and adopt technological improvements while others hang back and wait for the once new to become commonplace. Previous studies indicate that innovators and non-innovators can be distinguished by such widely varying characteristics as perceived needs, personality characteristics, ideological outlooks, social status, social integration, information sources, and resources. This note reports on the willingness of individual members of the U.S. House of Representatives to adopt some form of computer application as a method of improving their efficiency and effectiveness. It attempts to determine whether the theories of innovativeness developed in relation to other realms of human activity are applicable to an elite group of political activists.
Post 9/11 and Narratives of Life Writing, Conflict, and Environmental Crisis

In his article "Post 9/11 and Narratives of Life Writing, Conflict, and Environmental Crisis" Simon C. Estok argues that there are four seemingly disparate and disconnected topics — war, migration, ecophobia, and life writing — which need to be discussed in tandem in order to produce deeper understandings of both the production and effects of post 9/11 narratives. Estok argues that narrative landscapes changed radically since the beginning of the twenty-first century and that this results in a combined effect both of terror reportage and of environmental crisis narratives. The pace and character of reportage blurred, erased, and expanded various boundaries and these changes will be increasingly central to discussions about life writing and its relation to environmental crisis writing.
The Fungal Mycobiota: Small Numbers, Large Impacts

Fungi are an underappreciated component of the human gut microbiota. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wheeler et al. (2016) demonstrate that fungal dysbiosis induced by antifungal treatment or inoculation with typically rare fungi results in exaggerated immune responses, suggesting that fungal colonizers play key roles in immune homeostasis.
Hematological Indices in Malian Children Change Significantly During a Malaria Season and with Increasing Age: Implications for Malaria Epidemiological Studies

Standard hematological indices are commonly used in malaria epidemiological studies to measure anemia prevalence and calculate blood parasite densities. In Africa, few studies have investigated how these indices change during a malaria transmission season and with increasing age. To address these knowledge gaps, we collected blood from 169 healthy Malian children aged 3-12 years before (May 2010) and after (January 2011) a transmission season. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (Ht), white blood cell (WBC) count, and WBC subsets were measured in paired blood samples, and the data were stratified by month (May, January) and age group (3-5, 6-8, and 9-12 years). From May to January, RBC count (4.53-4.70 × 10(6)/μL; P < 0.0001), Hb level (11.5-11.9 g/dL; P < 0.0001), and Ht (37.1-39.2%; P < 0.0001) increased, and WBC count (6.46-5.96 × 10(3)/μL; P = 0.0006) decreased. From May to January, the prevalence of WBC subsets also changed: 35-43% neutrophils, 6.5-7.6% monocytes, and 53-45% lymphocytes (P < 0.001). These seasonal changes were not associated with the number of malaria episodes experienced in the interim or the presence of RBC polymorphisms. In May, Hb (11.2, 11.4, and 11.8 g/dL; P = 0.0013) and Ht (36.5%, 36.7%, and 38.1%; P = 0.0154) increased and WBC count (8.04, 6.43, and 5.76 × 10(3)/μL; P < 0.0001) decreased with age group; similar differences were observed in January. These data suggest that season- and age-based reference values for hematological indices are needed to better estimate anemia prevalence and parasite density in malaria epidemiological studies.
Lady Lion Hunters: An Imperial Femininity

In Hunters Three, an 1895 novel by Thomas Knox, three young men hunting in Africa meet two English women pursuing elephants. That ladies would be hunting with only hired hands for an escort was ‘enough to take any man’s breath away’, but the men quickly recover and set to debating the more important issues: namely, how might they make the acquaintance of these independent women and what should they call them? Is an ‘amazon [sic] of the African woods’ a hunter or a ‘huntress’? Jack Delafield argues that, ‘in sport, as in science, there’s no distinction of sex,’ and after citing the precedent of female doctors concludes that, ‘hunting big game in South Africa is entitled to be called a science; anyhow, it requires a lot of science to succeed in it. She’s a hunter just as much as you or I.’1 Interestingly, this unisex categorization of the women does not negate their appeal. By the conclusion of the novel, the three men have made them no less than four offers of marriage, two of which were accepted.
Use of Oral Anticoagulation in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with ESRD: Introduction.

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in patients with ESRD; however, its optimal management is controversial, particularly with respect to the use of oral anticoagulation for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke. Although there is strong evidence for
Luteal phase support for documented failure of placental steroidogenesis: A case report

Objective To report a case of a habitual aborter that had a pregnancy reach near term and successfully delivered a viable female infant.
Abstract 5465: Systematic interrogation of druggable pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinomas using pooled gene-knockdown lentiviral libraries

Despite significant advances in the development of cancer treatment in the last 20 years the best available therapies have marginally improved the survival rate of treated pancreatic cancer patients (from 3% to 6% five-year survival), making it still one the deadliest malignancies. Single standard of care cytotoxic and targeted therapies demonstrate little to no effect on patient survival. Even though we now understand some of the main genetic factors that are mutatated in pancreatic tumors, their role in drug response remains poorly understood. To identify drug-sensitizing genetic targets in cancer cells we have developed a high-throughput screening platform. In this methodology, pooled lentiviral libraries containing hundreds of knockout constructs specific for cancer-related genes are used to infect cancer cells. By treating the infected populations with therapeutic agents we are able to identify genetic targets that when inhibited synergize with existing drugs to cause increased cell death. We piloted this type of screening platform in HCT-116 cells, a KRAS mutant, MEK inhibitor resistant colorectal cancer cell line, using the MEK-inhibitor AZD-2644 and a pooled shRNA library. This study identified 4-7 target genes that when knocked down sensitized the previously resistant HCT-116 cells to AZD-2644. To conduct a more robust and representative sensitization screen we developed a lentiviral CRISPR-Cas9 library. By performing screens in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines, we have identified both cell line dependencies and sensitizers to targeted and cytotoxic chemotherapies. The findings from these screens provide potential mechanistic insights into the key survival signaling programs in pancreatic cancer as well as new therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Edgar Ferrer-Lorenzo, Daniel P. Nussbaum, Peter Winter, Kris Wood. Systematic interrogation of druggable pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinomas using pooled gene-knockdown lentiviral libraries. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5465
In vivo optophysiology reveals that G-protein activation triggers osmotic swelling and increased light scattering of rod photoreceptors

The light responses of rod and cone photoreceptors have been studied electrophysiologically for decades, largely with ex vivo approaches that disrupt the photoreceptors' subretinal microenvironment. Here we report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure light-driven signals of rod photoreceptors in vivo. Visible light stimulation over a 200-fold intensity range caused correlated rod outer segment (OS) elongation and increased light scattering in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking the rod G-protein alpha subunit, transducin (Gαt), revealing these responses to be triggered by phototransduction. For stimuli that photoactivated one rhodopsin per Gαt the rod OS swelling response reached a saturated elongation of 10.0 ± 2.1%, at a maximum rate of 0.11% s-1 Analyzing swelling as osmotically driven water influx, we find the H2O membrane permeability of the rod OS to be (2.6 ± 0.4) × 10-5 cm⋅s-1, comparable to that of other cells lacking aquaporin expression. Application of Van't Hoff's law reveals that complete activation of phototransduction generates a potentially harmful 20% increase in OS osmotic pressure. The increased backscattering from the base of the OS is explained by a model combining cytoplasmic swelling, translocation of dissociated G-protein subunits from the disc membranes into the cytoplasm, and a relatively higher H2O permeability of nascent discs in the basal rod OS. Translocation of phototransduction components out of the OS may protect rods from osmotic stress, which could be especially harmful in disease conditions that affect rod OS structural integrity.
War-exposed newcomer adolescent immigrants facing daily life stressors in the United States

Abstract For adolescents new to the United States, the experience of war and acculturative stressors may play complex roles during early stages of adjustment to a new culture and country. The overall purpose of this study was to deepen understanding of the experiences of adolescents who are new to the United States, also called “newcomers”, through the examination of pre-migration war exposure and post-migration acculturative stressors as predictors of psychosocial adjustment and academic achievement. The study sample included newcomer immigrant and refugee youth (N = 184) with an average of 3.5 years in the United States. Triangulated data were collected from youth, teachers, and official school records. Results indicated that the participants who were exposed to war (N = 57) experienced more self-reported and teacher-reported anxiety, more self-reported conduct problems, and had lower academic achievement than participants who had not been exposed to war. Acculturative stressors also predicted more self-reported anxiety, conduct problems, and lower academic achievement, but only for those adolescents without war exposure, suggesting that exposure to traumatic events like war may change newcomer adolescents’ response to acculturative stressors. This may be related to the development of coping or growth that follows after trauma, which enable youth to navigate other life challenges. Understanding potential risk and resilience associated with war exposure among newly arrived students can assist clinicians, educators, and researchers in creating solutions to difficulties in psychosocial adjustment and academic performance.
Successful Ablation of Lingual Thyroid Imaged with SPECT/CT and Treated with Radioactive Iodine-131 Avoiding Surgery and its Associated Risks

1644 Objectives Lingual thyroid associated with thyroid agenesis is usually treated conservatively with levothyroxine replacement1. Rarely, it becomes large enough, despite adequate thyroid stimulating hormone suppression, to cause obstructive or compressive symptoms2. We report 3 patients with lingual thyroid who underwent successful ablation with radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) therapy. Methods Three women presented to medical attention with symptoms of oropharyngeal obstruction (Table 1). Diagnostic iodine-123 (I-123) and technetium-99m (Tc-99m) scans performed with SPECT/CT demonstrated lingual thyroid, and absence of orthotopic functioning thyroid gland in all patients. The third patient had concurrent thyroglossal duct remnant. The patients elected to have radioiodine ablation of their lingual thyroid tissue. In preparation, levothyroxine was discontinued, and a low iodine diet was instituted. The third patient had the thyroglossal duct surgically removed. Therapeutic I-131 activity was determined based on thyroid tissue volume estimated on SPECT/CT and 24h lingual thyroid uptake according to the formula: calculated mCi of I-131 = (0.200 mCi/gram of target tissue x estimated grams) / uptake (%) Results The patients were treated with 10.7, 17.5, and 15.4 mCi of I-131 respectively. There were no post-therapy complications. Six month thyroid scans revealed resolution of uptake in the lingual thyroid in two of the 3 patients. The first patient had complete resolution of obstructive symptoms, while the second patient had mild persistent globus sensation. In the third patient, a post-therapy scan 4 days following treatment demonstrated marked lingual thyroid uptake consistent with successful radioiodine targeting. Conclusions We describe 3 patients in whom radioiodine treatment was used to successfully ablate lingual thyroid tissue with resolution or marked improvement in symptomatology, which in 2 patients obviated the need for surgery.
Co-training of Feature Extraction and Classification using Partitioned Convolutional Neural Networks

There are an increasing number of neuromorphic hardware platforms designed to efficiently support neural network inference tasks. However, many applications contain structured processing in addition to classification. Being able to map both neural network classification and structured computation onto the same platform is appealing from a system design perspective. In this paper, we perform a case study on mapping the feature extraction stage of pedestrian detection using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG) onto a neuromophic platform. We consider three implementations: one that approximates HoG using neuromorphic intrinsics, one that emulates HoG outputs using a trained network, and one that allows feature extraction to be absorbed into classification. The proposed feature extraction methods are implemented and evaluated on neuromorphic hardware (IBM Neurosynaptic System). Our study shows that both a designed approximation and a "parroted" emulation can achieve similar accuracy, and that the latter appears to better capitalize on limited training and resource budgets, compared to the absorbed approach, while also being more power efficient than the programmed approach by a factor of 6.5x-208x.
Foreclosure migration and neighborhood outcomes: Moving toward segregation and disadvantage.

Abstract The US housing crisis during the late 2000s was arguably the most devastating residential disaster of the last century, sending millions of families into foreclosure and destroying billions in household wealth. An understudied aspect of the crisis was the spike in local migration that followed the foreclosure surge. In this paper, we assess the residential consequences of these moves, by exploring how foreclosure-induced migration affected the racial and socioeconomic composition of affected families’ neighborhoods. To do so, we use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to track foreclosure, migration, and neighborhood outcomes for samples of white, black, and Hispanic homeowners. Findings from our analysis show clearly that foreclosure was linked to migration to less white and more residentially disadvantaged neighborhoods, with foreclosed Hispanic householders, in particular, tending to move to poorer and more racially isolated neighborhoods.
The Quadruple Bottom Line: Tenant Views of Corporate Responsibility in Green Office Buildings

This research expands the traditional triple bottom line (people, profit, and planet) by splitting profit based on benefits from resource savings or productivity enhancements. In the context of cor...
Manufacturing Dissent: Stiliagi, Vasilii Aksenov, and the Dilemma of Self-Interpretation

Abstract This article examines the dialogic relationship between youth subcultures and official discourse in the postwar Soviet Union. I argue that this relationship produced the conceptual categories that later allowed dissidents like Vasilii Aksenov to articulate positions of dissent. First, I trace how the stiliagi – a stylish urban subculture of the 1940s and 1950s – forged non-discursive identities through material and performative practices, which avoided ideological definitions. Next, I examine the reaction to the stiliagi in the official press, as it sought to interpret the youth within prescribed discursive categories. Finally, I turn to Aksenov, whose fiction often dramatizes the conflict between youth behaviors and official discourse. I suggest that in his fiction, Aksenov developed a strategy for youth self-interpretation which repurposed the categories of official discourse, and reframed apolitical outsider status as an articulate form of dissent.
Graphon estimation via nearest neighbor algorithm and 2D fused lasso denoising

We propose a class of methods for graphon estimation based on exploiting connections with nonparametric regression. The idea is to construct an ordering of the nodes in the network, similar in spirit to Chan and Airoldi (2014). However, rather than only considering orderings based on the empirical degree as in Chan and Airoldi (2014), we use the nearest neighbor algorithm which is an approximating solution to the traveling salesman problem. This in turn can handle general distances $\hat{d}$ between the nodes, something that allows us to incorporate rich information of the network. Once an ordering is constructed, we formulate a 2D grid graph denoising problem that we solve through fused lasso regularization. For particular choices of the metric $\hat{d}$, we show that the corresponding two-step estimator can attain competitive rates when the true model is the stochastic block model, and when the underlying graphon is piecewise Holder or it has bounded variation.
Components of Constructivist Learning Environments for Professional Development

The constructivist perspective, especially the emphasis on situating cognitions (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989) and of helping learner’s to manage cognitively complex environments (Spiro, 1988), is at the core of what we call the “Strategic Teaching Framework” (STF). STF is a conceptual framework for designing and evaluating learning environments, developed by the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL). From this framework we are developing a wide range of professional development opportunities that incorporate in various combinations print, audio tape, video tape, computer, laserdisk, satellite broadcast, as well as other technologies. The underlying philosophy of STF is the belief that excellence in education is achieved by practitioners who are strategic in their actions. This means that they make decisions in and design instruction for their teaching/leaning contexts based on what is known about teaching and learning.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Texture of Cubic and Hexagonal Materials

In the last decade, ultrasonic techniques have been shown to have considerable promise for the rapid and nondestructive determination of the texture of metal plates [1–3]. In addition, ultrasonics provides texture information on the bulk of material, instead of a local, near surface region as characterized by the X-ray diffraction technique [4].
Pressure-Dependent and Frequency Domain Characteristics of the Systemic Arterial System

Pressure–volume relations in different arteries have been observed to be nonlinear. This gives rise to the pressure-dependent behavior of the overall arterial system compliance. Using a nonlinear pressure-dependent compliance arterial system model, we have shown that this compliance varies continuously throughout the cardiac cycle. However, the overall significance of this nonlinear compliance under different vasoactive conditions has been examined only to a limited extent. In addition, its frequency domain characteristics have not been investigated. We studied these aspects under varied physiological conditions. Systemic arterial compliance of the nonlinear compliance model was expressed as C(P) = a · exp(−bP). It is determined, through optimization, from the following equations: Pao(ti) = Qao(ti)Z0 + P(ti) and P(ti + 1) = P(ti) +Δt (Qao(ti) − P(ti)/Rs)/C(Pti), where Pao and Qao are aortic pressure and flow respectively, Z0 is aortic characteristic impedance, and Rs is the peripheral resistance. Results showed that C(P) increased during vasodilation and decreased during vasoconstriction, as expected. Frequency domain analysis of C(P) revealed a rapid and significant reduction in magnitude with increasing frequency, with a dominant presence at low frequencies, and a near absence at high frequencies, and its mean value approximates that of the windkessel. Thus, the systemic arterial system compliance varies continuously throughout the cardiac cycle with its predominant effect occurring at low frequencies. These features are not observed in the classical windkessel model.
Further Studies on Metallocene ULDPE/PP Blends Impact-Morphology Relationships

In a previous study, metallocene polymerized ultralow density polyethylenes, ULDPE, was found to be effective impact modifier for rigid matrices such as polypropylene, PP. This is mainly due to the very high level of comonomer incorporation with homogeneous short chain branching distributions, SCBD, brought about by the single site metallocene catalysts. However, a very heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta copolymer of 0.88 density was found to be surprisingly effective in impact modification efficiency. In this study, detailed control of the phase morphology of the impact modifier/matrix was sought. Using a variety of characterization techniques: differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA, and low voltage scanning electron microscopy, LVSEM. It was found that the modulus difference between the two phases, degree of coupling as evidenced by morphology at the phase boundaries, and crystallizable fraction of the rubber phase all played an important role in impact modification.
An examination of the increases in pedestrian motor-vehicle crash fatalities during 2009-2016.

Abstract Introduction Pedestrian fatalities increased 46% in the United States during 2009–2016. This study identified circumstances under which the largest increases in deaths occurred during this period. Method Annual counts of U.S. pedestrian fatalities and crash involvements were extracted from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and General Estimates System. Poisson regression examined if pedestrian fatalities by various roadway, environmental, personal, and vehicle factors changed significantly during 2009–2016. Linear regression examined changes over the study period in pedestrian deaths per 100 crash involvements and in horsepower per 1000 pounds of weight among passenger vehicles involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes Results Pedestrian deaths per 100 crash involvements increased 29% from 2010, when they reached their lowest point, to 2015, the most recent year for which crash involvement data were available. The largest increases in pedestrian deaths during 2009–2016 occurred in urban areas (54% increase from 2009 to 2016), on arterials (67% increase), at nonintersections (50% increase), and in dark conditions (56% increase). The rise in the number of SUVs involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes (82% increase) was larger than the increases in the number of cars, vans, pickups, or medium/heavy trucks involved in these crashes. The power of passenger vehicles involved in fatal single-vehicle pedestrian crashes increased over the study period, with larger increases in vehicle power among more powerful vehicles. Conclusions Efforts to turn back the recent increase in pedestrian fatalities should focus on the conditions where the rise has been the greatest. Practical applications Transportation agencies can improve urban arterials by investing in proven countermeasures , such as road diets, median crossing islands, pedestrian hybrid beacons, and automated speed enforcement. Better road lighting and vehicle headlights could improve pedestrian visibility at night.
ASD Screening with the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 in the Study to Explore Early Development

We analyzed CBCL/1½-5 Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scores in 3- to 5-year-olds from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi-site case control study, with the objective to discriminate children with ASD (N = 656) from children with Developmental Delay (DD) (N = 646), children with Developmental Delay (DD) plus ASD features (DD-AF) (N = 284), and population controls (POP) (N = 827). ASD diagnosis was confirmed with the ADOS and ADI-R. With a cut-point of T ≥ 65, sensitivity was 80% for ASD, with specificity varying across groups: POP (0.93), DD-noAF (0.85), and DD-AF (0.50). One-way ANOVA yielded a large group effect (η2 = 0.50). Our results support the CBCL/1½-5’s as a time-efficient ASD screener for identifying preschoolers needing further evaluation.
Extreme Weather, Chemical Facilities, and Vulnerable Communities in the U.S. Gulf Coast: A Disastrous Combination

Many chemical facilities are located in low-lying coastal areas and vulnerable to damage from hurricanes, flooding, and erosion, which are increasing with climate change. Extreme weather can trigger industrial disasters, including explosions, fires, and major chemical releases, as well as chronic chemical leakage into air, water, and soil. We identified 872 highly hazardous chemical facilities within 50 miles of the hurricane-prone U.S. Gulf Coast. Approximately 4,374,000 people, 1,717 schools, and 98 medical facilities were within 1.5 miles of these facilities. Public health risks from colocated extreme weather, chemical facilities, and vulnerable populations are potentially disastrous and growing under climate change.
A systematic review of proactive psychiatric consultation on hospital length of stay

Objective Roughly half of general hospital patients may have a psychiatric issue that impacts care, yet most of these are not recognized during hospital admission. Proactive mental health screening offers an opportunity for timely identification and clinical attention to improve outcomes. Method We conducted a PRISMA systematic review of Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library for proactive models of psychiatric consultation to reduce hospital length of stay (LOS) in adult inpatients. For each study, we evaluated the level of evidence and defined the study sample, means of group allocation, screening process, interventions, and outcomes. Results Of the 12 included studies, the 8 whose screening was informed by clinicians with mental health care expertise or whose providers were integrated with primary services reported a reduction in LOS. Two of these also reported favorable cost-benefit analyses. All positive studies represent versions of either psychiatrists embedded within medical or surgical settings or a multidisciplinary team-based model. Conclusions Proactive CL psychiatry with clinically-informed screening and integrated care delivery appear to reduce LOS. Further studies are needed to explore a broader range of outcomes, hospital populations beyond hospital medicine, and additional benefits of proactive integrated mental health care in the general hospital.
Surgical Complications Associated With Atypical Femur Fractures Attributed to Bisphosphonate Use

Complications of atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are common. AFFs often receive the same treatment as other femoral fractures; however, there appears to be a higher rate of adverse outcomes. Nine patients sustained a total of 13 AFFs, had documented bisphosphonate use before fracture, and had surgery between 2006 and 2012. Complications included continued pain, surgical revision, nonunion, malunion, deformity, or heterotopic ossification. The overall complication rate was 33.3%, with four of the 12 surgeries performed at this institution resulting in one nonunion and three minor complications. None of the primary fixations required revision. There was a higher complication rate for AFFs when compared with non-bisphosphonate-related intramedullary nail femur fracture fixations. This cohort demonstrated a lower rate of major complications compared to the literature. Using a reamed, statically locked nail, halting bisphosphonate medication, and allowing early weight bearing is a safe and efficacious method to treat atypical femur fractures. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 27(1):14-20, 2018).
Ethical Awareness Scale: Replication Testing, Invariance Analysis, and Implications

Background: Ethical awareness (EA) enables nurses to recognize the ethical implications of all practice actions and is an important component of safe and quality nursing care. Evidence suggests tha...
Introduction: Literary Experience and Self-Reflection

There has been a vast wave of work on narrative in the last decade: this work includes numerous volumes on the philosophy of narrative and its definition, on the place of narrative in literary analysis, on the sense-making power of narrative construction, on narrative in its evolutionary aspects, and on the relation between narrative and the constitution of personhood. However, one sees less work specifically on the relations between literary narrative and self-understanding. Self-knowledge and its philosophical questions have often remained within their domain, while discussions of literature and fictional narratives have with equal frequency remained within theirs. The time seems right to bring these topics together, a project that the present volume undertakes.
Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Primary Care Physicians: Circumcision

The majority of boys will have a fully and easily retractable foreskin by physical maturity normally by 5 years of age. Benefits of circumcision include lower risk of UTI’s in male infants, a protective affect against invasive penile cancer, and reduced incidence of STD’s. Circumcision should not be performed in newborns with hypospadias, epispadias, ambiguous genitalia, hidden penis, chordee without hypospadias, webbed penis, micropenis, or dorsal hood deformity, or those with bleeding disorders. The complication rate for newborn circumcision ranges from 0.2% to 3%.
Fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs assessed using multiple gear types in the northwest Gulf of Mexico

Quantitative surveys of fishes associated with artificial reefs in the northwest Gulf of Mexico were conducted over a 4-yr period (2014–2017). Artificial reefs surveyed were comprised of three types: concrete structures, rig jackets, and decommissioned ships. All reefs were surveyed using vertical long line (VLL), fish traps, and Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS 1800). Mean fish abundance did not significantly differ using VLL [1.7 ind set –1 (SD 2.2)] among the three reef types. However, relative abundance among all fishes collected was significantly highest on rig reefs using traps [6.2 ind soak–1 (SD 3.8)], while results from sonar surveys indicated that the mean relative fish density was highest on concrete reefs [15.3 fish frame–1 (SD 26.8)]. Red snapper (n = 792), followed by gray triggerfish (n = 130), pigfish (n = 70), tomtate (n = 69), and hardhead catfish (n = 57) were the most numerically abundant species using VLL and traps; red snapper comprised 90.7% of total catch using VLL and 43.9% using traps. Mean Brillouin's diversity (HB ) was highest on ships using VLL [0.41 (SD 0.14)] and highest on rigs using traps [0.87 (SD 0.58)] compared to the lowest diversity found on concrete [VLL 0.07 (SD 0.11); traps 0.36 (SD 0.32)]. Findings from this study can be used to inform the planning of future artificial reefs and their effect on the assemblages of reef-associated fishes. Additionally, these results highlight the value of using multiple gear types to survey reef fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs.
The Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation Light-Bed Therapy on Creatine Kinase and Salivary Interleukin-6 in a Sample of Trained Males: A Randomized, Crossover Study

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can be applied to the whole body as compared to the application of using single hand-held devices that isolate a smaller muscle area. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute dose of whole-body PBMT pre- and post-high-intensity resistance training on creatine kinase (CK) and salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a sample of trained males. Twelve males (31 ± 8.3 years, 177.2 ± 5.4 cm, and 86.0 ± 7.5 kg) were part of a randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over design, whereby each participant performed a high-intensity resistance training session that consisted of the bench press, chin-up, and repeated sprints on two separate occasions. Each participant was assigned to either the PBMT or control condition on two separate weeks, with a 10-days washout period between the weeks. Creatine kinase was measured at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Salivary IL-6 was measured at baseline, 60, 90, and 120 min. A paired t-test showed no significant difference (p = 0.669) in the area under the curve (AUC) for CK during the PBMT (191.7 ± 48.3) and control conditions (200.2 ± 68.0). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test also showed no significant median difference (p = 0.155) in the AUC for salivary IL-6 during the PBMT (Mdn = 347.7) and control conditions (Mdn = 305.8). An additional Wilcoxon signed-rank test for CK percentage change from 24 to 72 h showed the PBMT condition (Mdn = -45%) to have a -18% median difference as compared to the control condition (Mdn = -41%). As such, whole-body PBMT does not significantly reduce the activity of salivary IL-6 or CK concentration during the 24 to 72-h recovery post-high-intensity resistance training.
A perturbation solution to the full Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations yields an asymmetric rectified electric field

We derive a perturbation solution to the one-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations between parallel electrodes under oscillatory polarization for arbitrary ionic mobilities and valences. Treating the applied potential as the perturbation parameter, we show that the second-order solution yields a nonzero time-average electric field at large distances from the electrodes, corroborating the recent discovery of Asymmetric Rectified Electric Fields (AREFs) via numerical solution to the full nonlinear PNP equations [Hashemi Amrei et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 121, 185504]. Importantly, the first-order solution is analytic, while the second-order AREF is semi-analytic and obtained by numerically solving a single linear ordinary differential equation, obviating the need for full numerical solutions to the PNP equations. We demonstrate that at sufficiently high frequencies and electrode spacings the semi-analytical AREF accurately captures both the complicated shape and the magnitude of the AREF, even at large applied potentials.
Abstract WP383: Intraoperative Strokes in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

Introduction: Perioperative ischemic stroke is a complication of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR/SAVR). We compared characteristics of perioperative stroke in TAVR and SAV...
Postnatal loss of the insulin receptor in osteoprogenitor cells does not impart a metabolic phenotype.

The relationship between osteoblast-specific insulin signaling, osteocalcin activation and gluco-metabolic homeostasis has proven to be complex and potentially inconsistent across animal-model systems and in humans. Moreover, the impact of postnatally acquired, osteoblast-specific insulin deficiency on the pancreas-to-skeleton-to-pancreas circuit has not been studied. To explore this relationship, we created a model of postnatal elimination of insulin signaling in osteoprogenitors. Osteoprogenitor-selective ablation of the insulin receptor was induced after ~10 weeks of age in IRl°x/lox/Osx-Cre+/− genotypic male and female mice (designated postnatal-OIRKO). At ~21 weeks of age, mice were then phenotypically and metabolically characterized. Postnatal-OIRKO mice demonstrated a significant reduction in circulating concentrations of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), in both males and females compared with control littermates. However, no differences were observed between postnatal-OIRKO and control mice in: body composition (lean or fat mass); fasting serum insulin; HbA1c; glucose dynamics during glucose tolerance testing; or in pancreatic islet area or islet morphology, demonstrating that while ucOC is impacted by insulin signaling in osteoprogenitors, there appears to be little to no relationship between osteocalcin, or its derivative (ucOC), and glucose homeostasis in this model.
“Past the Help of Law”: Epyllia and the Female Complaint

Written as an afterword to the volume, this chapter takes its cue from the new texts, authors, and poetic forms explored across the chapters to show how this new work on female-authored complaint poetry invites us to reassess the social and poetic networks of relation that underpin ventriloquized female lament in Tudor epyllia. Far from reifying identity categories, this collection underscores the way complaint occupies a liminal state, relying on a fluidity rather than difference between inner and outer worlds as well as between genders: at some junctures, “female” versus “male” seems critically important, at others both are erased as categories of distinction. Enterline’s chapter demonstrates that the cross-voiced prosopopoeia in minor epics from the 1590s does much the same kind of critical work, particularly when reflecting on the disciplinary and discursive regimes of the grammar school and the Inns of Court. As the chapters in this volume make us vividly aware, what Shakespeare’s Lucrece calls “skill-contending” schools were not open to female writers. But the skills they taught nonetheless unleashed imagined minor epic worlds in which the grievances of female characters play a crucial role in modes of invention as well as in social and institutional critique. This chapter concludes by reflecting on the multiple textual traditions and emotion scripts that inform complaint poems written by both male and female authors.
Integral of negative powers of cubic functions

Abstract This paper estimates the integral I f ( p ) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ 〈 f ( x ) 〉 − p d x , where p > 1 , f ( x ) is a polynomial and 〈 ⋅ 〉 ≔ 1 + | ⋅ | . When f ( x ) = x 2 + a 1 x + a 0 is a quadratic function, it is well known that I f ( p ) ≈ p 1 〈 Δ 2 〉 1 ∕ 2 if Δ 2 ≥ 0 , 1 〈 Δ 2 〉 p − 1 ∕ 2 if Δ 2 0 , where Δ 2 ≔ a 1 2 − 4 a 0 is the discriminant of f ( x ) . But when f ( x ) = x 3 + b 1 x + b 0 is a cubic function, it is much more challenging to give a precise estimate of I f ( p ) . In fact, the discriminant alone is not enough to quantify I f ( p ) accurately. Denote Δ 3 to be the discriminant of f and define λ = | b 1 | 3 + b 0 2 . By delicately analyzing how Δ 3 and how the roots of f affect I f ( p ) , we conclude I f ( p ) ≈ p 1 〈 ϕ ( Δ 3 , λ ) 〉 , where ϕ is some function in Δ 3 and λ with an explicit formula.
COVID-19 disposable face masks: a precursor for synthesis of valuable bioproducts.

Disposable face mask has become a mandatory personal protective equipment in order to prevent contracting COVID-19. With the significant surge in its usage, its adverse environmental impact is becoming a source of concern. Disposable face masks are made from thermoplastic polymers, and therefore they can be safely converted into valuable bioproducts. This paper discussed the possibility of converting waste/contaminated face masks into valuable bioproducts, which will essentially eliminate secondary transmission of the coronavirus and the concerns of environmental pollution.
Cannabinoid signaling promotes the de-differentiation and proliferation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells.

Endocannabinoids (eCB) are lipid-based neurotransmitters that are known to influence synaptic function in the visual system. eCBs are also known to suppress neuroinflammation in different pathological states. However, nothing is known about the roles of the eCB system during the transition of Muller glia (MG) into proliferating progenitor-like cells in the retina. Accordingly, we used the chick and mouse model to characterize expression patterns of eCB-related genes and applied pharmacological agents to investigate how the eCB system impacts glial reactivity and the capacity of MG to become Muller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs). We queried single cell RNA-seq libraries to identify eCB-related genes and identify cells with dynamic patterns of expression in damaged retinas. MG and inner retinal neurons expressed the eCB receptor CNR1, as well as enzymes involved in eCB metabolism. In the chick, intraocular injections of cannabinoids, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and Anandamide (AEA), stimulated the formation of MGPCs. Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CNR1)-agonists and Monoglyceride Lipase-inhibitor promoted the formation of MGPCs, whereas CNR1-antagonist and inhibitors of eCB synthesis suppressed this process. In damaged mouse retinas where MG activate NFkB-signaling, activation of CNR1 decreased and inhibition of CNR1 increased NFkB, whereas levels of neuronal cell death were unaffected. Surprisingly, retinal microglia were largely unaffected by increases or decreases in eCB-signaling in both chick and mouse retinas. We conclude that the eCB system in the retina influences the reactivity of MG and the formation of proliferating MGPCs, but does not influence the reactivity of immune cells in the retina.
An Outline for the Study of Ethiopian Constitutional Law

This outline is prepared based on the 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ("The 1995 Constitution"). It is important to acknowledge at the outset that the 1995 Constitution cannot be studied in isolation. Like its forerunners, it is not distinctively Ethiopian, save for the customary and religious laws that it recognized. Ethiopian constitutions, both past and present, have been derived, in part, from foreign constitutions including constitutions from western and eastern countries, including Japan. Although its immediate sources can be traced back to the Charter of the Transitional Government of 1991, this 1995 Constitution was built upon the constitutions that preceded it, the laws that have been promulgated since the 1930s, and the religious and customary laws that predated it. Therefore, the study of Ethiopian constitutional law should include familiarity with all of the prior constitutions, codified laws, customary laws, and religious laws that were the basis for the promulgation of the 1995 Constitution. To accomplish this daunting task, a thorough review of the background and history of prior laws is mandatory. One of the means to accomplish that would be to compile a legislative history of these laws. I have attempted to compile some of the most relevant pieces of legislative history in Part One of this outline. After an introduction and some discussion of these documents and conferences, I offer some thoughts about constitutions in general, the study of constitutional law, and some questions those interested in studying and implementing the 1995 Constitution should explore. In Part Two, I move on to a step-by-step review of some of the more critical and/or controversial articles of the 1995 Constitution. Where appropriate, I have included reference to cases that have attempted to properly interpret the provisions discussed.
Western Blotting: How It Began

Scientists knew a lot about proteins, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by the year 1975. Drs. Watson and Crick had already won the Nobel Prize for describing the molecular structure of DNA. The genetic code had been deciphered. Nobel laureate Dr. Frederick Sanger developed a method in the early 1950s to determine the amino acid units that made up a protein structure. Now, he was set to invent an elegant method to sequence DNA in 1977.
On-chip lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator with micro-watts threshold

We demonstrate an efficient optical parametric oscillator at the telecom band using a triple-resonant, periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonator, which, to the best of our knowledge, delivers the lowest threshold power (∼30 µW) for on-chip OPOs so far.
Validity of a Stochastic Model for Predicting Subsidence

Experiments performed to investigate the validity of a stochastic model for predicting the subsidence of a granular medium are reported. The experiments consisted of measuring the subsidence between two parallel plates of glass caused by media escaping through an opening at the lower edge of the plates. The media used were sand and glass spheres.