cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtual Interpersonal Touch and Digital Chameleons

We studied the characteristics of hand touch with a mechanical device that approximated a handshake, and we then examined the effect of handshake mimicry on assessment of a partner. Two participants interacted with a force-feedback joystick that recorded each of their hand movements individually. The two participants then greeted one another by feeling the recording of the other person’s movements via the force-feedback device. For each dyad, one of the participants actually received his or her own virtual handshake back under the guise that it was the other person’s virtual handshake. Results demonstrated three significant findings. First, for any given participant, a metric that took into account position, angle, speed, and acceleration of the hand movements correlated highly within individuals across two handshakes. Second, across participants, these metrics demonstrated specific differences by gender. Finally, there was an interaction between gender and mimicry, such that male participants liked people who mimicked their handshakes more than female participants did. We discuss the implications of these findings and relate them to theories of social interaction.
Absorption of Antibodies from the Baboon Vagina

The ability of the baboon vagina and cervix to absorb antibodies was studied by measuring luteinizing hormone (LH) estrogen and progestin l evels after the intravaginal instillation of bovine milk immunoglobulin (Ig) (1 gm immunoglobulin/day). Daily treatment resulted in a significant (p less than .01) decrease in mean peak serum LH and progestin levels. The administration of anti-LH did not affect the mean peak estrogen level. There was no apparent effect of control antibodies on LH estrogen or progestin levels in 2 animals studied. The immunological response was confirmed by serological tests in 6 of 9 animals as evidenced by the appearance of antibodies against bovine immunoglobulin. The results emphasize that extreme caution should be taken when introducing potentially toxic or antigenic compounds into the vagina for therapeutic prophylactic or hygienic purposes.
Platelet-activating factor stimulates ovine foetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclin-dependent kinases.

Objective Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated in pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN); PAF is a mitogen for lung fibroblasts. PAF's role in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) proliferation and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vein (PV) remodelling has not been established and mechanisms for PAF's cell-proliferative effects are not well understood. We investigated involvement of PAF and PAF receptors in PVSMC proliferation. Materials and methods Cells from pulmonary arteries (SMC-PA) and veins (SMC-PV) were serum starved for 72 h in 5% CO2 in air (normoxia). They were cultured for 24 h more in normoxia or 2% O(2) (hypoxia) in 0.1% or 10% foetal bovine serum with 5 microCi/well of [(3)H]-thymidine, with and without 10 nm PAF. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression, and their roles in cell proliferation control were studied. Results PAF and hypoxia increased SMC-PA and SMC-PV proliferation. WEB2170 inhibited PAF-induced cell proliferation while lyso-PAF had no effect. SMC-PV proliferated more than SMC-PA and PAF plus hypoxia augmented NF-kappaB protein expression. NF-kappaB inhibitory peptide attenuated PAF-induced cell proliferation by 50% and PAF increased CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression. The data show that hypoxia and PAF up-regulate PVSMC proliferation via PAF receptor-specific pathway involving NF-kappaB, CDK2 and CDK4 activations. Conclusion They suggest that in vivo, in foetal lung low-oxygen environment, where PAF level is high, proliferation of PVSMC will occur readily to modulate PV development and that failure of down-regulation of PAF effects postnatally may result in PPHN.
Computerized generation of surfaces with optimal approximation to ideal surfaces

The authors propose a new method for generation (by grinding or cutting) of a surface (&) with the optimal approximation to the theoretical (ideal) surface Q,). The method is based on the following ideas: (1) A region of space is swept out by the tool surface P, performing certain motions with respect to P,. The surface of the tool (as grinding wheel or cutter) is a surface of revolution with a circular arc in axial section, and a circular cone in particular cases. (2) The space swept out by P, is considered as a family of surfaces Z,, and the envelope to this family is surface & (generated surface) that must be in optimal approximation to the theoretical surface &,. (3) The continuous varied setting and orientation of P, with respect to ,Zp are executed by a multi-degree-of-freedom machine, that is a computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine. The approach developed can be applied for grinding of face-gears, helical involute gears with modified topology, ruled undeveloped surfaces and others. An example of application is considered.
The design of barrel-wound foil windings with multiple layers interchanged to balance layer currents

This work investigates the performance of multilayer foil windings in which the layers are interchanged to balance the flux linked by each layer and thus the current is shared equally between layers. Prototype transformers were built to confirm how much of the theoretical loss reduction is achievable in practice. The accuracy of the method to determine the location of the interchange is improved by considering individual turn lengths. In addition, the method is extended to any number of layers and several winding configurations. A discussion of the construction and termination of these windings is included as they greatly affect a component's performance.
Oxidation of N-hydroxy-l-arginine by hypochlorous acid to form nitroxyl (HNO).

Abstract Recent research has shown that nitroxyl (HNO) has important and unique biological activity, especially as a potential alternative to current treatments of cardiac failure. HNO is a reactive molecule that undergoes efficient dimerization and subsequent dehydration to form nitrous oxide (N 2 O), making its detection in solution or biologically relevant preparations difficult. Due to this limitation, HNO has not yet been observed in vivo , though several pathways for its endogenous generation have been postulated. Here, we investigate the oxidation of N -hydroxy- l -arginine (NOHA) by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is generated in vivo from hydrogen peroxide and chloride by the heme enzyme, myeloperoxidase. NOHA is an intermediate in the enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthases, and has been shown previously to be chemically oxidized to either HNO or NO, depending on the oxidant employed. Using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and standard N 2 O analysis by gas chromatography, we find that NOHA is oxidized by excess HOCl to form HNO-derived N 2 O. In addition, we also observe the analogous production of HNO from the HOCl oxidation of hydroxylamine, hydroxyurea, and (to a lesser extent) acetohydroxamic acid.
Jumbo: run-time code generation for Java and its applications

Run-time code generation is a well-known technique for improving the efficiency of programs by exploiting dynamic information. Unfortunately, the difficulty of constructing run-time code-generators has hampered their widespread use. We describe Jumbo, a tool for easily creating run-time code generators for Java. Jumbo is a compiler for a two-level version of Java, where programs can contain quoted code fragments. The Jumbo API allows the code fragments to be combined at run-time and then executed. We illustrate Jumbo with several examples that show significant speed-ups over similar code written in plain Java, and argue further that Jumbo is a generalized software component system.
Using Gene Expression Ratios to Predict Outcome Among Patients With Mesothelioma

Background: We have recently demonstrated that simple ratios of the expression levels of selected genes in tumor samples can be used to distinguish among types of thoracic malignancies. We examined whether this technique could predict treatment-related outcome for patients with mesothelioma. Methods: We used gene expression profiling data previously collected from 17 mesothelioma patients with different overall survival times to define two outcome-related groups of patients and to train an expression ratio-based outcome predictor model. A Student’s t test was used to identify genes among the two outcome groups that had statistically significant, inversely correlated expression levels; those genes were used to form prognostic expression ratios. We used a combination of several highly accurate expression ratios and cross-validation techniques to assess the internal consistency of this predictor model, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of tumor RNA to confirm the microarray data, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to validate the model among an independent set of 29 mesothelioma tumors. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We developed an expression ratio-based test capable of identifying 100% (17/17) of the samples used to train the model. This test remained highly accurate (88%, 15/17) after cross-validation. A four-gene expression ratio test statistically significantly (P = .0035) predicted treatment-related patient outcome in mesothelioma independent of the histologic subtype of the tumor. Conclusions: Gene expression ratio-based analysis accurately predicts treatment-related outcome in mesothelioma samples. This technique could impact the clinical treatment of mesothelioma by allowing the preoperative identification of patients with widely divergent prognoses. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:598–605]
An improved counting method for motile protozoan cultures.

SUMMARY A simple counting method is described for routine cultures of highly motile organisms. It is based on dyeing the organisms with a suitable stain, filtering them through a Millipore filter and counting single organisms directly under a microscope after rendering the filter transparent.
A developmentally regulated splice variant from the complex lola locus encoding multiple different zinc finger domain proteins interacts with the chromosomal kinase JIL-1

Using a yeast two-hybrid screen we have identified a novel isoform of the lola locus, Lola zf5, that interacts with the chromosomal kinase JIL-1. We characterized the lola locus and provide evidence that it is a complex locus from which at least 17 different splice variants are likely to be generated. Fifteen of these each have a different zinc finger domain, whereas two are without. This potential for expression of multiple gene products suggests that they serve diverse functional roles in different developmental contexts. By Northern and Western blot analyses we demonstrate that the expression of Lola zf5 is developmentally regulated and that it is restricted to early embryogenesis. Immunocytochemical labeling with a Lola zf5-specific antibody of Drosophila embryos indicates that Lola zf5 is localized to nuclei. Furthermore, by creating double-mutant flies we show that a reduction of Lola protein levels resulting from mutations in the lola locus acts as a dominant modifier of a hypomorphic JIL-1 allele leading to an increase in embryonic viability. Thus, genetic interaction assays provide direct evidence that gene products from the lola locus function within the same pathway as the chromosomal kinase JIL-1.
A Study of Historic Earthquakes of the Prince William Sound, Alaska, Region

We have investigated the character of seismicity that occurred in the Prince William Sound/Cook Inlet region during ∼40 years prior to the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake. We have relocated all events of magnitude > 5.5. Focal mechanisms have been determined from body-waveform modeling and first-motion analysis for the larger (generally magnitude > 6.3) events. The results suggest a number of similarities and differences between pre- and post-1964 mainshock seismicity. Similarities include the persistence of normal faulting at depths of 40 to 60 km within the subducted slab in both the Tazlina Glacier and Columbia Bay regions north of Prince William Sound and among deeper events within northern Cook Inlet. Differences include a higher level of shallow seismicity (<40 km depth) in the Upper Cook Inlet region and north of Cook Inlet prior to 1964, higher levels of seismicity within the subducting plate in the south-central and eastern Kenai Peninsula prior to 1964, and a lower level of seismicity in the offshore Prince William Sound region prior to 1964. Much of the lower plate seismicity for the past 70 years appears to cluster immediately downdip of the 1964 asperity. Two of the events in this study caused notable damage (Modified Mercalli intensity VII to VIII) in the Anchorage area. The first, in 1933 ( M w 6.9) appears to have occurred at ∼9 km depth along a strike-slip fault within northern Cook Inlet. The second, in 1954 ( M w 6.7) occurred within the subducting plate at ∼60 km depth beneath the northern Kenai Peninsula. Analysis of these events, as well as smaller events we have studied, will greatly improve models of seismic hazard for the Anchorage region. Manuscript received 18 September 2000.
TICI: if you are not confused, then you are not paying attention.

The availability of a reproducible and clinically relevant scale for grading angiographic outcomes following acute stroke intervention would facilitate both research endeavors and clinical practice. For several decades, interventional cardiologists have used the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction
Health-Related Quality-of-Life Parameters as Independent Prognostic Factors in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer

Purpose: This retrospective analysis examined prognostic significance of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) parameters combined with baseline clinical factors on outcomes (overall survival, time to progressive disease, and time to treatment failure) in bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: Outcome and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) data were collected prospectively in a phase III study assessing gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. Prespecified baseline clinical factors (performance status, tumor-node-metastasis staging, visceral metastases [VM], alkaline phosphatase [AP] level, number of metastatic sites, prior radiotherapy, disease measurability, sex, time from diagnosis, and sites of disease) and selected HRQoL parameters (global QoL; all functional scales; symptoms: pain, fatigue, insomnia, dyspnea, anorexia) were evaluated using ...
Low-power clock trees for CPUs

Clock networks contribute a significant fraction of dynamic power and can be a limiting factor in high-performance CPUs and SoCs. The need for multi-objective optimization over a large parameter space and the increasing impact of process variation make clock network synthesis particularly challenging. In this work, we develop new modeling techniques and algorithms, as well as a methodology, for clock power optimization subject to tight skew constraints in the presence of process variations. Key contributions include a new time-budgeting step for clock-tree tuning, accurate optimizations that satisfy budgets, modeling and optimization of variational skew. Our implementation, Contango 2.0, outperforms the winners of the ISPD 2010 clock-network synthesis contest on 45nm benchmarks from Intel and IBM.
Haiku on the Road: Albert Saijo's Contested Historical Legacy

This article traces the shifting politics and cultural self-representation of poet Albert Saijo, best known as being part of the Beat Generation. The article begins by tracing how Saijo de-emphasized his Japanese heritage during the World War II-era, when he and his family were placed in an internment camp. The essay then captures how Saijo's self-representation of his Japanese background changed as the U.S. racial terrain shifted in the 1950s and 1960s, as Saijo played up Orientalist roles of being a monk-like figure and a “Japanese hepcat.”
The Effect of Regulation G on the Timeliness and Perceived Reliability of Earnings Announcements

This paper examines the effects of Regulation G (Reg G, SEC 2003), which addressed the use of non-GAAP financial measures in earnings announcement press releases. Specifically, I examine the effect of Reg G on both the timing of earnings announcements and investor responses to these announcements. I find that, after Reg G, firms issued less timely earnings announcements with fiscal year-end announcements coming, on average, more than 5 days later. I also find that investors’ responses to earnings, as measured by the change in earnings response coefficients (ERC), increased significantly in the year after Reg G became effective. Further, using the approach of Ball and Shivakumar (2008), I find that the relative informational role of earnings announcements increased significantly after Reg G. The main results are robust to controlling for the amount and type of disclosures included in earnings announcements and a host of sensitivity analyses. This study provides evidence that Reg G affected both the timeliness of earnings announcements and investors’ perceptions of earnings reliability.
Optimal Load-Balancing for Heterogeneous Clusters

Online service providers, such as Amazon and Google, often dedicate thousands of nodes for their applications, which typically receive thousands of requests per second. Clustered systems today are inherently heterogeneous [1]. Consequently, scheduling the large amount of requests on such large heterogeneous clusters requires scalable, heterogeneityaware Load Balancers (LBs). Randomized LBs split incoming requests among available back-end servers based on some probabilities [2]. While scalable, such randomized LBs are typically not heterogeneityaware, and are not adaptive to changes in load. By contrast, heterogeneity-aware LBs probe the state of all servers in the cluster to determine, often via complex computations, the best candidate for each incoming request [1]. In this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneity-aware LB algorithm, HALB, that is based on randomized routing. Our optimal LB algorithm is simple, hence scalable, yet heterogeneity-aware and adaptive. We start with simple randomized LB algorithms and tune the request split, via queueing-theoretic analysis, for optimal performance in heterogeneous environments. Our analytical and (Apachebased) implementation results for HALB suggest that the natural solution of proportional splitting based on server speeds can be far from optimal.
Conformal 3D Printing of Sensors

A sensor is unobtrusive if it doesn’t interfere with the design, mechanical properties, and the functionality of the structure it is integrated with. This paper discusses the development of unobtrusive piezo-resistive sensors and their production using additive manufacturing. Short carbon fibers were dispersed in an acrylate resin and subsequently cured with UV DLP 3D printer to be used as a strain-sensing device. Varying the amount of carbon fiber resulted in resistivity variation of the composite. The composite was found to be piezo-resistive, and gauze factor at a concentration of 12% carbon fiber by volume was obtained through mechanical load testing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Age Differences in Cancer Treatment Decision Making and Social Support

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the decision-making (DM) styles of younger (18-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (≥60 years) cancer survivors, the type and role of soc...
Soft edges--organizational structure in dental education

There is no one best organizational structure for dental schools or for their major subunits. The classical alternatives of functional and divisional organization are discussed in light of the rule that follows function, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are presented. Newer models--decentralization, matrix, and heterarchy--show how features of functional and divisional structure can be blended. Virtual organizations, systems theory, and networks are also considered as new expressions of classical structures. The principle of suboptimization (soft edges) is presented.
Effect of minimally invasive surgery fellowship on residents' operative experience.

There is an increased need for surgical trainees to acquire advanced laparoscopic skills as laparoscopy becomes the standard of care in many areas of general surgery. Since the introduction of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) fellowships, there has been a continuing debate as to whether these fellowships adversely affect general surgery resident exposure to laparoscopic cases. The aim of our study was to examine whether the introduction of an MIS fellowship negatively impacts general surgery residents’ experience at a single academic center. We describe the changes following establishment of MIS fellowship at an academic center. Resident case log system from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education was queried to obtain all PGY 1–5 resident operative case logs. Two-year time period preceding and following the institution of an MIS fellowship at our institution in 2012 was compared. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Following initiation of the MIS fellowship, an MIS service was established. The service comprised of a fellow, midlevel resident, and intern. Operative experience was examined. From 2010–2012 to 2012–2014, residents logged a total of 272 and 585 complex laparoscopic cases, respectively. There were 43 residents from 2010 to 2013 and 44 residents from 2013 to 2014. When the two time periods were compared, a trend of increased numbers for all procedures was noted, except laparoscopic GYN/genito-urinary procedures. Average percent increase in complex general surgery procedures was 249 ± 179.8 %. Following establishment of a MIS fellowship, reported cases by residents were higher or similar to those reported nationally for laparoscopic procedures. Institution of an MIS fellowship had a favorable effect on general surgery resident operative education at a single academic training center. Residents may benefit from the presence of a fellowship at an academic center because they are able to participate in an increased number of complex laparoscopic cases.
Regression analysis of late survival following mitral valve replacement

This series of patients with the Starr-Edwards Model 6000 prosthesis extends back to I960 and includes the first to have successful mitral valve replacement. Its position as the longest mitral replacement series, and the consequent high percentage of late deaths, makes this series a rich statistical resource for the analysis of factors affecting late survival. Seventeen preoperative clinical and catheterization variables were therefore examined for their influence on late survival. The operative survivors were divided into groups on the basis of each preoperative variable, and the survival curves were compared statistically. Only two variables (age and aortic stenosis) produced a difference in late survival which was significant at the 5 percent level. To assess the influence of several preoperative variables acting simultaneously and to provide a survival projection for an individual on the basis of the composite profile of his preoperative characteristics, we utilized a multiple regression approach to survival estimation. The variables which remained in the regression equation (at the 5 percent level) were age, prior heart surgery, aortic regurgitation, and cardiac index. The survival curves corresponding to patients possessing various combinations of values of these four variables were constructed, with a range of survival at 15 years from 78 to 5 percent, compared to 51 percent for the group as a whole.
A novel path to chronic proprioceptive disability with oxaliplatin: Distortion of sensory encoding

Persistent neurotoxic side effects of oxaliplatin (OX) chemotherapy, including sensory ataxia, limit the efficacy of treatment and significantly diminish patient quality of life. The common explanation for neurotoxicity is neuropathy, however the degree of neuropathy varies greatly among patients and appears insufficient in some cases to fully account for disability. We recently identified an additional mechanism that might contribute to sensory ataxia following OX treatment. In the present study, we tested whether that mechanism, selective modification of sensory signaling by muscle proprioceptors might result in behavioral deficits in rats. OX was administered once per week for seven weeks (cumulative dose i.p. 70mg/kg) to adult female Wistar rats. Throughout and for three weeks following treatment, behavioral analysis was performed daily on OX and sham control rats. Compared to controls, OX rats demonstrated errors in placing their hind feet securely and/or correctly during a horizontal ladder rung task. These behavioral deficits occurred together with modification of proprioceptor signaling that eliminated sensory encoding of static muscle position while having little effect on encoding of dynamic changes in muscle length. Selective inability to sustain repetitive firing in response to static muscle stretch led us to hypothesize that OX treatment impairs specific ionic currents, possibly the persistent inward Na currents (NaPIC) that are known to support repetitive firing during static stimulation in several neuron types, including the class of large diameter dorsal root ganglion cells that includes muscle proprioceptors. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether the chronic effects of OX on the firing behavior of muscle proprioceptors in vivo were mimicked by acute injection of NaPIC antagonists. Both riluzole and phenytoin, each having multiple drug actions but having only antagonist action on NaPIC in common, reproduced selective modification of proprioceptor signaling observed in OX rats. Taken together, these findings lead us to propose that OX chemotherapy contributes to movement disability by modifying sensory encoding, possibly via a chronic neurotoxic effect on NaPIC in the sensory terminals of muscle proprioceptors.
Neonatal Viral Meningitis and Neurodevelopment

The neurodevelopmental outcome of 16 young infants with viral meningitis diagnosed under 3 months of age and a control group of 13 infants was evaluated at the Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and University of Concinnati, Ohio.
The concept Industry 4.0

In this chapter, the German concept Industry 4.0 will be described in detail. Initially, the drivers of the concept will be explained followed by a description of what is meant by the concept, its potential and similar, international approaches. Afterwards, the meaning of an end-to-end digital integration within a Smart Factory will be described explicitly.
Use of Chronic Methadone Before Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background A subset of patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are on methadone maintenance. They require more and often unpredictable quantities of opioids to function as effective painkillers. This study aims to compare the opioid requirements and the immediate postoperative course for patients on methadone maintenance with those who are not, after a TKA. Methods A retrospective, case-control study was performed. From 2005 to 2010, 36 patients, who underwent a unilateral TKA, on chronic methadone maintenance were identified. A control group matched for age, gender, and body mass index comprised patients from the same period, who did not self-report taking methadone. Chart review and analysis of patient demographics, type of anesthesia used, preoperative methadone use, inpatient opioid use (converted to oral morphine equivalent doses), need for in-house pain management consult, length of hospital stay, and need for reoperation were performed. Results Patients on chronic methadone maintenance used significantly more opioids than patients not on methadone during their entire inpatient stay ( P P P = .025). Conclusion There is a significantly higher opioid requirement, length of stay, and pain management consults in patients on methadone maintenance compared with those who are not after a TKA. These patients may benefit from a nonroutine approach to perioperative care in TKA.
Training Racially Sensitive Family Therapists: Context, Content, and Contact:

As society becomes more racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse, therapists' training needs to become broader in order to incorporate greater cultural sensitivity into practice. Educational pr...
Research in marketing ethics: Continuing and emerging themes:

This article discusses both longstanding and emergent research themes in marketing ethics. It begins with a section on definitions and moves to an examination of research on: consumer ethics, product issues, pricing questions, channels challenges, and two emerging trends having to do with advertising and promotion. A latter part of the article provides a number of suggestions for junior scholars in conducting research on topics in marketing ethics. It concludes with a few thoughts on teaching marketing ethics and a mention of privacy as an area of growing ethical concern in marketing.
School-based caries prevention, tooth decay, and the community environment

The school and community context can contribute to inequity in child oral health. Whether the school and community affect the effectiveness of school-based caries prevention is unknown. The association between the school and community environment and dental caries, as well as their moderating effects with school-based caries prevention, was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects regression. Data were derived from a 6-y prospective cohort study of children participating in a school-based caries prevention program. For the school and community, living in a dental-shortage area and the proportion of children receiving free or reduced lunch were significantly related to an increased risk of dental caries at baseline. Caries prevention was associated with a significant per-visit decrease in the risk of untreated caries, but the rate of total caries experience increased over time. Caries prevention was more effective in children who had prior dental care at baseline and in schools with a higher proportion of low socioeconomic status students. There was significant variation across schools in the baseline prevalence of dental caries and the effect of prevention over time, although effects were modest. The school and community environment have a direct impact on oral health and moderate the association between school-based caries prevention and dental caries. Knowledge Transfer Statement: School-based caries prevention can be an effective means to reduce oral health inequity by embedding dental care within schools. However, the socioeconomic makeup of schools and characteristics of the surrounding community can affect the impact of school-based care.
Tacking in a Mixed Jurisdiction

This book chapter addresses a key moment in the development of Louisiana’s law of acquisitive prescription. For one hundred and forty years, Louisiana courts had held that a possessor in bad faith could cumulate her possession with that of a prior possessor in good faith for purposes of establishing ten year acquisitive prescription regardless of whether the two possessions were linked by particular or universal succession. In Bartlett v. Calhoun, 412 So.2d 597 (La. 1982), the Louisiana Supreme Court reversed course and held that a subsequent possessor who acquires her possession by particular title must have all the statutory characteristics and conditions required for ten year acquisitive prescription. In other words, a bad faith possessor cannot tack her possession to the good faith possession of a prior possessor for purposes of achieving ten year acquisitive prescription if the subsequent possessor acquires possession by particular title. This book chapter analyzes the doctrinal background preceding the decision in Bartlett, comments on the significance of the decision, reveals the dispute’s surprising final outcome, and responds to the decision’s critics, arguing that the alleged doctrinal asymmetry produced by the decision has not troubled subsequent Louisiana courts and explaining why the decision has acquired its own canonical weight in Louisiana property law. The book chapter concludes by providing a brief comparative excursion into Scots law of positive prescription, demonstrating that Scots law would solve the factual problem presented in Bartlett by focusing judicial inquiry on questions related to the authenticity of an allegedly forged deed rather than the good faith of a second possessor.
The crystal structure of the Helicobacter pylori LlaJI.R1 N-terminal domain provides a model for site-specific DNA binding

Restriction modification systems consist of an endonuclease that cleaves foreign DNA site-specifically and an associated methyltransferase that protects the corresponding target site in the host genome. Modification-dependent restriction systems, in contrast, specifically recognize and cleave methylated and/or glucosylated DNA. The LlaJI restriction system contains two 5-methylcytosine (5mC) methyltransferases (LlaJI.M1 and LlaJI.M2) and two restriction proteins (LlaJI.R1 and LlaJI.R2). LlaJI.R1 and LlaJI.R2 are homologs of McrB and McrC, respectively, which in Escherichia coli function together as a modification-dependent restriction complex specific for 5mC-containing DNA. Lactococcus lactis LlaJI.R1 binds DNA site-specifically, suggesting that the LlaJI system uses a different mode of substrate recognition. Here we present the structure of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of Helicobacter pylori LlaJI.R1 at 1.97-A resolution, which adopts a B3 domain fold. Structural comparison to B3 domains in plant transcription factors and other restriction enzymes identifies key recognition motifs responsible for site-specific DNA binding. Moreover, biochemistry and structural modeling provide a rationale for how H. pylori LlaJI.R1 may bind a target site that differs from the 5-bp sequence recognized by other LlaJI homologs and identify residues critical for this recognition activity. These findings underscore the inherent structural plasticity of B3 domains, allowing recognition of a variety of substrates using the same structural core.
Low Power Clock Routing for 3D IC

This chapter focuses on low-power and low-slew clock network design and analysis for through-silicon-via (TSV)-based three-dimensional stacked ICs (3D ICs). First, we study the impact of the TSV count and the TSV RC parasitics on clock power consumption. Several techniques are introduced to reduce the clock power consumption and slew of the 3D clock distribution network. We analyze how these design factors affect the overall wirelength, clock power, slew, and skew in 3D clock network design. Second, we study a two-step 3D clock tree synthesis method: (1) 3D abstract tree generation based on the three-dimensional method of means and medians (3D-MMM) algorithm; (2) buffering and embedding based on the slew-aware deferred-merge buffering and embedding (sDMBE) algorithm. We also extend the 3D-MMM method (3D-MMM-ext) to determine the optimal number of TSVs to be used in the 3D clock tree so that the overall power consumption is minimized. Related SPICE simulation indicates that: (1) a 3D clock network that uses multiple TSVs significantly reduces the clock power compared with the single-TSV case; (2) as the TSV capacitance increases, the power savings of a multiple-TSV clock network decreases; and (3) our 3D-MMM-ext method finds a close-to-optimal design point in the TSV count vs. power consumption tradeoff curve very efficiently.
Long Distance Transportation

Long distance transportation provides the link in the marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables between shipping point and destination market. The current highly efficient system has enabled receivers to reach out to obtain supplies of perishable products from growing areas half way around the world, and shippers to seek buyers in distant lands. A box of apples arriving on the Boston market today has, on the average, come three times as far as one did only 25 years ago. No longer is distance to market a restriction on the distribution of most fruits and vegetables. Transportation costs are not as important a factor in determining source of supply as formerly. Yet many fruits and vegetables are easily damaged and highly perishable so the costs of faulty transportation go far beyond the transfer charges. Knowledge of the available transportation systems and the ability to select the most appropriate mode of transportation and protective services for each product is still essential to reduce quality deterioration and extend shelf life.
Use of Chinese herbal products in Oakland and San Francisco Chinatowns.

688 Am J Health-Syst Pharm—Vol 61 Apr 1, 2004 JENNIFER CHENG, PEGGY LEE, and JOYCELYN LI are pharmacy students, University of California San Francisco (UCSF). CATHI E. DENNEHY, PHARM.D., and CANDY TSOUROUNIS, PHARM.D., are Associate Clinical Professors, School of Pharmacy, UCSF. Address correspondence to Dr. Dennehy at the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Suite C-152, Box 0622, San Francisco, CA 94143 (cathi@itsa.ucsf.edu). The authors acknowledge Wellman’s PharUse of Chinese herbal products in Oakland and San Francisco Chinatowns
Mathematics, Multicultural Education, and Professional Development

Multicultural education grew out of the civil rights movement and, as such, is grounded in a vision of democracy, social justice, pluralism, and equality-ideals that have yet to be realized in U.S. society and its schools. For the past 25 years, multicultural education has served as a mobilizing focus for struggles to articulate visions of schooling that are consistent with the ideals of the U.S. and for the development of theory and research that offer a countervision to the way that schooling is usually conducted, particularly for children from historically marginalized groups. As this body of theory and research has grown so also have the implications for restructuring various dimensions of the education enterprise. Mathematics is one such dimension and is the focus of this article. First, however, I contextualize the discussion that follows within a vision of what multicultural education means. Multicultural education advocates teaching in a way that cultivates the intellectual capabilities of children from a variety of marginalized sociocultural groups. Historically, children of color, children whose first language is not English, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and, in some respects, girls have been served less well in schools than have children who are White, native English speakers, and of middleto upper-class backgrounds. In the 1960s and 1970s, the practice of rationalizing this differential teaching on the basis of presumed "cultural deprivation" produced outrage that led to the formation of multicultural education as a field of study. Today a rich body of theory and research documents how effective education, framed within high expectations for learning, builds on the cultural, experiential, and linguistic resources that children bring with them to the classroom (e.g., Arias & Casanova, 1993; Belenky et al., 1986; Ford, 1996; Gandara, 1995; Ladson-Billings, 1994; McLeod, 1994; Shade, 1989). Multicultural education advocates restructuring school processes around pluralismwhat Grant (1978) has called "an education that is multicultural." Ideally this entails a holistic restructuring of such processes and structures as curriculum, teaching strategies, grouping of students, assessment of students, and relationships with communities. For example, Banks (1993) examined the knowledge-construction process that frames curriculum in schools, differentiating among various forms of knowledge (personal knowledge, popular knowledge, mainstream academic knowledge, school knowledge, and transformative knowledge) constructed from different social locations (such as Western tradition, an Afrocentric location, a feminist location, or a multicultural
Phase II study of everolimus, letrozole, and metformin in women with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer.

5506Background: The combination of everolimus and letrozole has shown promising results in the treatment of recurrent endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). Both pre-clinical data and experience fr...
Energy Competition: From Commodity to Boutique and Back

Energy products such as power, gas, and oil have long been the world’s premier commodities. Consumers demand that power and fuel are available when they want it and they prefer to pay less for it. Few know or care where their fuel or power comes from. So for years energy companies believed that efforts to differentiate their products were mostly ineffective—they were re-signed to compete on price in fierce global commodity markets. But in recent years, a new focus on regulating how energy commodities are produced has begun to splinter previously integrated energy markets, creating markets for boutique fuels and power, and allowing energy firms to restrict output and raise prices without fear of competition.
Is There a Conflict Between Taste and Judgment in Kant’s Aesthetics?

This title is meant to sound somewhat paradoxical, since from the early 18th century aesthetic taste and judgment are closely linked, ifnot identified. In ordinary discourse as well, then as now, the two concepts seem happily married. To have good taste is to exercise good judgment in aesthetic matters or social graces, and a tasteless remark is one made with poor judgment or even, we sometimes say, with no judgment at all. In these senses, taste and judgment are similar mental functions, or, in older language, related faculties or powers of the mind.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects on Microstructure Evolution in Hybrid Low Temperature Solder/High-Sn Solder Joints

The ultimate success of low-temperature hybrid assembly in which high-Pb Sn-Ag-Cu ball grid array solder joints are assembled with a low melting temperature alloy will be determined by a range of thermodynamic, kinetic, and microstructure evolution effects that are now being elucidated. This paper reports on fundamental thermodynamic analyses, reaction kinetics experiments, and characterization of microstructure and composition redistribution as a function of alloy composition, processing sequence and conditions, and geometry. The mechanisms contributing to the individual processes will be discussed.
Vision-Based Race Track SLAM Based Only on Lane Curvature

This paper presents a novel approach for vision-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) on a high curved track without pose-based landmarks. The proposed approach combines an Iterative Closest Points (ICP) method and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimization and comprises four main steps. First, a Kalman filter with a simple circular lane model is used to estimate the road curvature using images from a front camera. Then, the vehicle position and orientation are reconstructed by using the yaw rate and longitudinal speed from inertial sensors. Drift and misalignment of the constructed map are corrected using ICP under the assumption that the vehicle continuously travels the same track. The final map is obtained using SGD optimization, which enforces curvature matching. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm with an environment of the winding track of Hyundai-Kia California Proving Ground (CPG) located in Southern California and the customized ellipsoidal track. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Time-Resolved Measurements of Plasma Parameters for Nanosecond-Pulsed Argon Plasmas

This article aims to understand the physics of pulsed plasmas by investigating the ionization and recombination of pulsed plasmas on the nanosecond timescale and how operating conditions affect the time-resolved electron temperature and electron density of a pulsed plasma. A nanosecond-pulsed argon plasma discharge was generated at various pulse frequencies, widths, and pressures. The argon emission lines were analyzed with a time-synchronized, intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) spectrometer assembly that gated at 4 ns, and relative intensities of strong argon neutral and ion lines were used in line-ratio calculations. These experimentally determined ratios were compared to theoretical ratios generated from PrismSPECT, a collisional-radiative spectral analysis software, to obtain time-resolved electron temperature ( $\sim 1$ eV) and electron density ( $10^{14}-10^{15}$ cm $^{-3}$ ) over the various operating conditions as well as to discover trends of these plasma parameters over the lifetime of the pulsed plasma. Increasing pulse repetition frequency of the plasma increased the value of maximum $T_{e}$ , shortened the $T_{e}$ rise and decay times, and increased the excited argon neutral population. While $n_{e}$ was relatively independent of pulse frequency, higher pulse frequencies resulted in a faster $n_{e}$ decay. Maximum $T_{e}$ and $n_{e}$ were weakly dependent on applied discharge voltage, but both parameters decayed sooner in time with increasing voltage. Lastly, $T_{e}$ was inversely proportional to pressure, but $n_{e}$ was approximately linear. All three pressures had similar but time-shifted temporal profiles for $n_{e}$ . Plasmas in all operating conditions had ionization and recombination times in the tens of nanoseconds.
Sensory evaluation of frying fat and deep-fried products.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses sensory evaluation of frying fat and deep-fried products. Sensory evaluation is defined as “a scientific discipline used to invoke, measure, analyze, and interpret reactions to characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing”. Sensory tests are classified into two basic types: affective and analytic. In affective testing, which includes consumer testing, preference, acceptance, or opinions on food products are determined. Several tests are used in affective or consumer testing to evaluate fried foods. The most commonly used evaluation technique for measuring acceptability or preference is the hedonic scale. Several specific methods are included in analytical sensory difference tests. The triangle, duo-trio, paired comparison, and ranking or rating difference from a control are examples of such tests. The premise of these tests is to detect differences among samples based on one attribute; if a flavor difference is being evaluated, the test is invalid if panelists differentiate by color, texture, or temperature instead. The duo-trio, paired comparison, and ranking or rating difference from a control are also applicable to fried foods. Two other descriptive methods for testing the quality of fried food are the flavor profile method and the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The environment also is an important factor in the sensory evaluation of food.