cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective XPS technique for analysis of submicrometer metal line sidewalls on semiconductor devices

The sidewalls of the metal connection lines used in semiconductor devices have different process histories from that of the top of the metal film. A new technique has been developed to analyze sidewall surfaces on product wafers using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This tecniques allows selective analysis of the sidewall region, providing specfic information on the chemical state of the sidewall, including residual contamination or etch by-products remaining after line formation and the effects of further processing on this material.
THE SELECTIVE ABSORPTION OF POTASSIUM BY ANIMAL CELLS : I. CONDITIONS CONTROLLING ABSORPTION AND RETENTION OF POTASSIUM.

1. Individual variations in the potassium content of the fresh muscles of frogs are notable even when computed as percentages of the dry solids. The potassium content averaged higher in freshly collected summer frogs than in winter frogs after a period of captivity. 2. Muscles show a loss of from 8 to 15 per cent of their potassium during perfusion with potassium-free Ringer solution but tenaciously hold the remainder. 3. Muscles, stimulated to contract under conditions that do not produce irreversible stages of fatigue, show losses of potassium no greater than those attributable to the presence of a potassium-free medium. 4. A condition favorable to the taking up of potassium probably occurs in a contracting muscle because rubidium and cesium, substances very similar to potassium in chemical and physiological behavior, are absorbed in retainable form by a contracting muscle but not by a resting one.
Effects of a stand-replacing fire on small-mammal communities in montane forest

Wildfire, ubiquitous and recurring over thousands of years, is the most important natural disturbance in northern coniferous forest. Accordingly, forest fires may exert a strong influence on the st...
Human posture estimation using voxel data for "smart" airbag systems: issues and framework

This paper examines the feasibility of a multi-camera voxel based occupant posture estimation system. Several new considerations are made to allow this tested human body modeling system to work reliably in the passenger seat of a vehicle, including camera position, segmentation, and body modeling with voxel reconstructions all from a constrained 4 camera setup. To describe occupant posture, a partial human body model consisting of a head and torso is proposed. The accuracy of the estimation of this model is compared against ground-truth.
Life after Promotion: Self-Reported Professional Development Needs and Career Satisfaction of Associate Professors

From the Office of Faculty Development (M.F., V.S.), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA; the Department of FamilyMedicine and Community Health (F.B.) and the Department of Pediatrics (V.S.), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Department of Anthropology (F.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA G iven the increased contributions of faculty members after their promotions and the institutional and financial costs of replacing such experienced, successful individuals, factors associated with their career satisfaction deserve attention. Earlier investigators examined the faculty life cycle through various theoretical lenses: developmental psychology, organizational development, and historical and generational influences. Among these investigators, some focused broadly on faculty across higher education, and others narrowed their focus to faculty within researchintensive universities. It is not known how generalizable findings from these earlier studies are to faculty working within the context of academic health centers. Among more recent studies of faculty within academic health centers, some address the professional development and career satisfaction of faculty across ranks and specialties and others examine these issues as they pertain to pediatric faculty. However, none of these recent studies focuses on pediatric associate professors. The purpose of this study was to assess the professional development needs and career satisfaction of pediatric associate professors in both qualitative and quantitative terms and to identify measures to increase their career satisfaction.
Matching 3D models with shape distributions

Measuring the similarity between 3D shapes is a fundamental problem, with applications in computer vision, molecular biology, computer graphics, and a variety of other fields. A challenging aspect of this problem is to find a suitable shape signature that can be constructed and compared quickly, while still discriminating between similar and dissimilar shapes. In this paper, we propose and analyze a method for computing shape signatures for arbitrary (possibly degenerate) 3D polygonal models. The key idea is to represent the signature of an object as a shape distribution sampled from a shape function measuring the global geometric properties of an object. The primary motivation for this approach is to reduce the shape matching problem to the comparison of probability distributions, which is simpler than traditional shape matching methods that require pose registration, feature correspondence or model fitting. We find that the dissimilarities between sampled distributions of simple shape functions (e.g. the distance between two random points on a surface) provide a robust method for discriminating between classes of objects (e.g. cars versus airplanes) in a moderately sized database, despite the presence of arbitrary translations, rotations, scales, reflections, tessellations, simplifications and model degeneracies. They can be evaluated quickly, and thus the proposed method could be applied as a pre-classifier in an object recognition system or in an interactive content-based retrieval application.
TeBG- and CBG-bound steroid hormones in rabbits are available for influx into uterus in vivo.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of gonadal or adrenal steroid hormones in rabbits often does not bear the expected inverse relationship with hormone binding to testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) or corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). This suggests TeBG or CBG may not impede steroid hormone delivery to tissues. The effects of rabbit plasma proteins on the influxes of 3H-labeled steroids from the circulation into the rabbit uterus were measured in vivo using a tissue sampling single-injection technique. In the absence of plasma proteins, estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were freely diffusible through the uterine microvasculature (i.e., extraction greater than 80%). The extractions of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and corticosterone (B) ranged from 60 to 72%, while that of cortisol (F) was reduced at 40%. Rabbit serum exerted no inhibition of the influxes of the steroids tested. The influxes of T and B greatly exceeded the rates that would be expected if only the free and albumin-bound fractions estimated in vitro were diffusible in vivo. However, the extraction of [3H]corticosteroid-binding globulin or bovine [3H]albumin were low, consistent with little, if any, extravascular uptake of the plasma proteins. The results indicate both albumin-bound and globulin-bound steroid hormone are available for transport into the uterus in the rabbit in vivo without significant exodus of the plasma protein, per se.
Recent Developments in High-Density Survey and Measurement (HDSM) for Archaeology: Implications for Practice and Theory*

HDSM, high-density survey and measurement, is the collective term for a range of new technologies that give us the ability to measure, record, and analyze the spatial, locational, and morphological properties of objects, sites, structures, and landscapes with higher density and more precision than ever before. This article considers HDSM technologies, including airborne lidar, real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (GNSS) survey, robotic total stations, terrestrial laser scanning, structured light scanning and close-range photogrammetry [CRP, also known as structure from motion (SfM)], and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based SfM/CRP and scanning, and we discuss the impact of these technologies on contemporary archaeological practice. This article reflects on how the democratization and proliferation of HDSM opens various applications and greatly broadens the set of problems being addressed explicitly and directly through shape and place.
Test of the Phonological Recoding Hypothesis Using a Letter-Delay Task:

In some English words is a silent letter in the letter strings, e.g., PSALM, This type of word provides room to manipulate phonological similarity against the words with a nonsilent letter in the corresponding position, e.g., PASTA, to test the phonological recoding hypothesis. Letter strings excluding the silent letter or the sounding letter, e.g., _salm and a phonological condition, _asta as an orthographic condition, were presented. A “psalm-type word” was processed faster than “pasta-type word,” indicating that phonology plays a leading role in word recognition.
Differential outcome of tolerance induction in naive versus activated Theiler's virus epitope-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Tolerance induced by the intravenous injection of peptide-pulsed, ethylene carbodiimide (ECDI)-fixed splenic antigen-presenting cells (Ag-SP) is a safe and effective method of inducing specific unresponsiveness in CD4+ T cells for the prevention and treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. We determined whether Ag-SP tolerance could also be used to tolerize CD8+ T cells. We show in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease model of multiple sclerosis that CD8+ T cells specific for both dominant and subdominant epitopes can be rendered tolerant. Interestingly, although virus clearance was delayed, lack of the virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response did not result in the conversion of normally TMEV-resistant C57BL/6 mice to a susceptible phenotype. Importantly, we found that Ag-SP tolerance may not be a practical treatment for human diseases in which CD8+ T cells play a major role in pathogenesis, as tolerance induction in mice previously infected with TMEV led to a severe, often fatal reaction.
Performance debugging based on scalability analysis

This paper presents scalability as a basis for profiling and performance debugging of parallel programs, as only the purely scalable code runs efficiently in parallel. The approach is based on separating scalable and various kinds of non-scalable parts of a program, identifying the reasons for non-scalability, and focusing the programmer's attention on why and where non-scalable execution is occurring. We specifically address parallel programs that are generated by a parallelizing compiler and use compiler information to divide the execution times into logical categories that are meaningful to the programmer. We have designed and implemented a profiler that is integrated with a compiler for a variant of High Performance Fortran. The profiler classifies the execution cycles into eleven categories that are easily understood by the user in terms of the source program. The paper includes two examples that demonstrate how the data reported by the profiler is used to identify and resolve performance bugs in parallel programs. >
COPING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT: GREAT PLAINS FARMERS AND THE SUDDEN STORM

ABSTRACT A trend toward increasing use in geographical research of methods and concepts developed and tested in other social sciences seems likely to provide new insights into the effects of weather and climate on human behavior. Psychological reactions of a sample of Great Plains wheat farmers to the threat of a sudden storm are examined by means of a variant of the Thematic Appereception Test. The pictured situation is assessed as an unpredictable environmental press potentially in opposition to the inner need to achieve. The primary reaction to the threat is the moblization of one's own resources towards rational, task-oriented action. However, uncertainty remains and this is reflected in a subsidiary theme in which attempts to alleviate anxiety are made by the essentially religious appeal to transcendental powers to lessen or stay the environmental threat. It is suggested that the TAT could prove useful for measuring many aspects of the man-environment relationships including that of regional personality.
Improving the Teaching of Evidence-Based Practice: Introduction to the Special Issue:

This article synthesizes the highlights emanating from the proceedings of a National Symposium on Improving the Teaching of Evidence-Based Practice. Most of the ideas in it have been culled from the articles in this issue, and a few were culled from the symposium discussions. I do not take credit for any of these ideas, only for the synthesis of them.
Distribution of folic acid coenzymes and folate dependent enzymes in mouse brain.

—Folic acid coenzymes were found to be distributed equally between post-nuclear particulate and soluble fractions from whole Swiss mouse brain. Mitochondria isolated from the particulate fraction contained essentially only the N5-methyl derivative of folate, virtually all of which was in a polyglutamate form. Isolated synaptosomes contained significantly more folate than did mitochondria, with the greater proportion being non-N5-methyl derivatives. Osmotic lysis of synaptosomes released only a small portion of the folate; approximately 80 per cent remained with the particulate components of the synaptosome. The enzymes serine transhydroxymethylase and N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase were found in both the soluble and particulate fractions while formiminoglutamic acid:tetrahydrofolate formiminotransferase activity could not be detected. These findings may be of importance with respect to the synaptic functions of folate coenzymes, including the methylation of biogenic amines.
Correlation Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Outcomes After Cartilage Repair Surgery in the Knee A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to assess cartilage after surgical repair. The correlation between MRI and clinical outcomes is not well understood.Hypothesis:Postoperative MRI findings correlate with clinical outcome measures in patients after articular cartilage surgery of the knee.Study Design:Meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies in which MRI and clinical outcomes were correlated after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS), or microfracture. Studies that reported correlation coefficients (r) for different MRI parameters were then included in a meta-analysis.Results:A total of 26 studies were identified for inclusion in this systematic review, 15 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Most of the studies (n = 19) involved ACI, although studies were available for OATS (n = 5) and microfracture (n = 4). The strongest MRI correlates with clinical outcomes after ACI we...
THE SILVER BOW SAPPHIRE OCCURRENCE, MONTANA: EVIDENCE FOR A VOLCANIC BEDROCK SOURCE FOR MONTANA’S ALLUVIAL SAPPHIRE DEPOSITS

The first confirmed bedrock source of alluvial sapphire deposits in southwest Montana has been found 9 km west of Butte, Montana. The source rock of the Silver Bow occurrence is a sapphire-bearing felsic lapilli tuff of the Eocene Lowland Creek volcanic field. Such a felsic composition is atypical of known primary sapphire deposits and may represent a previously unrecognized deposit type. Mass wasting of this volcanic unit during the Quaternary resulted in the deposition of several debris flow deposits, which constitute the majority of the sapphire deposit. Two distinct populations of sapphires were recovered from the debris flow deposits: over 5,500 pastel sapphires and 54 dark blue sapphires. The pastel sapphires exhibit surfaces indicative of resorption and in some cases spinel reaction rims. Xenoliths of amphibolite facies corundum-bearing biotite-sillimanite schist, as well as grains of garnet and spinel were also recovered from the debris-flow deposits. Based on these observations, the pastel sapphires are interpreted to be refractory xenocrysts of metamorphic origin. The second population of dark blue sapphires show little if any evidence of resorption and have no adhering reaction minerals. Due to these differences, we postulate that the dark blue sapphires are magmatic phenocrysts, the source melt for which is represented by a fragment of igneous rock recovered from the debris-flow deposits containing phenocrysts of dark blue sapphire.
A specifier's introduction to formal methods

Formal methods used in developing computer systems (i.e. mathematically based techniques for describing system properties) are defined, and their role is delineated. Formal specification languages, which provide the formal method's mathematical basis, are examined. Certain pragmatic concerns about formal methods and their users, uses, and characteristics are discussed. Six well-known or commonly used formal methods are illustrated by simple examples. They are Z, VDM, Larch, temporal logic, CSP, and transition axioms. >
Primate Models of Asthma

The use of animal models to mimic certain aspect of human disease has proven to be invaluable to biomedical research. Animal models allow experimentation that would be hazardous in humans [1, 2], provide tissue for study in vitro, enable validation of data in a variety of systems, allow genetic and environmental influences to be manipulated or controlled, and facilitate the preclinical assessment of drug efficacy [2].
Close Contact: An Examination Of The Future Of Near Field Communications

Payment systems are changing and credit cards might soon be obsolete. Near field communications systems are being built into many smartphones which will enable users to not only pay for goods and services but to obtain information from NFC-enables products. Some emerging technologies are examined and potential security concerns are outlined.
Engaging human tumor microvascular endothelium to improve ionizing radiation outcomes in solid tumor treatment

10097 Background: Recent genetic and pharmacologic mouse model studies have shown tumor microvascular endothelium is a primary target in single-dose radiotherapy, required for induction of tumor ce...
Estimates of the Direct Effect of Seawater pH on the Survival Rate of Species Groups in the California Current Ecosystem

Ocean acidification (OA) has the potential to restructure ecosystems due to variation in species sensitivity to the projected changes in ocean carbon chemistry. Ecological models can be forced with scenarios of OA to help scientists, managers, and other stakeholders understand how ecosystems might change. We present a novel methodology for developing estimates of species sensitivity to OA that are regionally specific, and applied the method to the California Current ecosystem. To do so, we built a database of all published literature on the sensitivity of temperate species to decreased pH. This database contains 393 papers on 285 species and 89 multi-species groups from temperate waters around the world. Research on urchins and oysters and on adult life stages dominates the literature. Almost a third of the temperate species studied to date occur in the California Current. However, most laboratory experiments use control pH conditions that are too high to represent average current chemistry conditions in the portion of the California Current water column where the majority of the species live. We developed estimates of sensitivity to OA for functional groups in the ecosystem, which can represent single species or taxonomically diverse groups of hundreds of species. We based these estimates on the amount of available evidence derived from published studies on species sensitivity, how well this evidence could inform species sensitivity in the California Current ecosystem, and the agreement of the available evidence for a species/species group. This approach is similar to that taken by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to characterize certainty when summarizing scientific findings. Most functional groups (26 of 34) responded negatively to OA conditions, but when uncertainty in sensitivity was considered, only 11 groups had relationships that were consistently negative. Thus, incorporating certainty about the sensitivity of species and functional groups to OA is an important part of developing robust scenarios for ecosystem projections.
Using Hairy Roots for Production of Valuable Plant Secondary Metabolites

Plants synthesize a wide variety of natural products, which are traditionally termed secondary metabolites and, more recently, coined specialized metabolites. While these chemical compounds are employed by plants for interactions with their environment, humans have long since explored and exploited plant secondary metabolites for medicinal and practical uses. Due to the tissue-specific and low-abundance accumulation of these metabolites, alternative means of production in systems other than intact plants are sought after. To this end, hairy root culture presents an excellent platform for producing valuable secondary metabolites. This chapter will focus on several major groups of secondary metabolites that are manufactured by hairy roots established from different plant species. Additionally, the methods for preservations of hairy roots will also be reviewed.
ALS-associated mutant FUS induces selective motor neuron degeneration through toxic gain of function

Mutations in FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including some of the most aggressive, juvenile-onset forms of the disease. FUS loss-of-function and toxic gain-of-function mechanisms have been proposed to explain how mutant FUS leads to motor neuron degeneration, but neither has been firmly established in the pathogenesis of ALS. Here we characterize a series of transgenic FUS mouse lines that manifest progressive, mutant-dependent motor neuron degeneration preceded by early, structural and functional abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction. A novel, conditional FUS knockout mutant reveals that postnatal elimination of FUS has no effect on motor neuron survival or function. Moreover, endogenous FUS does not contribute to the onset of the ALS phenotype induced by mutant FUS. These findings demonstrate that FUS-dependent motor degeneration is not due to loss of FUS function, but to the gain of toxic properties conferred by ALS mutations.
Elucidating Water Transport Mechanisms in Nafion Thin Films

Ion-exchange membranes are critical components of hydrogen fuel cells, where these ionomers can be confined to nanoscale thicknesses, altering the physical properties of these films from that of bulk membranes. Therefore, it is important to develop methods capable of measuring and elucidating the transport mechanisms under thin film confinement compared to bulk Nafion. In this study, water sorption and diffusion in a Nafion thin film were measured using time-resolved in situ polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Interfacial mass transport limitations were confirmed to be minimal, while restricted water diffusion was observed, where the effective diffusion coefficient of water in the thin Nafion film was many orders of magnitude lower (between 4 and 5 orders of magnitude) than those reported for bulk membranes and was dependent on the initial hydration state of the Nafion. Furthermore, the response of the hydrophobic domains (Teflon backbone) to the swelling of the...
Damage Tolerant Novel Laminated Structures

An experimental and numerical study was performed on the low-velocity impact of a novel laminated structural concept. To understand the behavior of the laminated structure under impact loading, three variants of the StRATUS 2 concepts were initially tested. Compression after impact tests were completed. A numerical nonlinear FEM model was developed using MSC Nastran explicit coupled with LS-Dyna to predict the impact behavior of the new structure. The results showed an excellent correlation between the analytical models and the test results. Coupon tests will be used to optimize the structural concepts and validate the impact models. The overall objective of this effort is to study the effect of toughening ply materials on the impact resistance of novel laminated structures.
Trajectory Planning and Collision Avoidance Algorithm for Mobile Robotics System

The field of autonomous mobile robotics has recently gained many researchers’ interests. Due to the specific needs required by various applications of mobile robot systems, especially in navigation, designing a real time obstacle avoidance and path following robot system has become the backbone of controlling robots in unknown environments. Therefore, an efficient collision avoidance and path following methodology is needed to develop an intelligent and effective autonomous mobile robot system. This paper introduces a new technique for line following and collision avoidance in the mobile robotic systems. The proposed technique relies on the use of low-cost infrared sensors, and involves a reasonable level of calculations, so that it can be easily used in real-time control applications. The simulation setup is implemented on multiple scenarios to show the ability of the robot to follow a path, detect obstacles, and navigate around them to avoid collision. It also shows that the robot has been successfully following very congested curves and has avoided any obstacle that emerged on its path. Webots simulator was used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Constructing Training Sets for Outlier Detection.

Outlier detection often works in an unsupervised manner due to the difficulty of obtaining enough training data. Since outliers are rare, one has to label a very large dataset to include enough outliers in the training set, with which classifiers could sufficiently learn the concept of outliers. Labeling a large training set is costly for most applications. However, we could just label suspected instances identified by unsupervised methods. In this way, the number of instances to be labeled could be greatly reduced. Based on this idea, we propose CISO, an algorithm Constructing training set by Identifying Suspected Outliers. In this algorithm, instances in a pool are first ranked by an unsupervised outlier detection algorithm. Then, suspected instances are selected and hand-labeled, and all remaining instances receive label of inlier. As such, all instances in the pool are labeled and used in the training set. We also propose Budgeted CISO (BCISO), with which user could set a fixed budget for labeling. Experiments show that both algorithms achieve good performance compared to other methods when the same amount of labeling effort are used.
Suppression of the delayed rectifier type of voltage gated K+ outward current in megakaryocytes from patients with myelogenous leukemias.

In normal human megakaryocytes, we identified a delayed rectifier type of voltage-gated outward K+ current (DRK). In two human megakaryoblastic tumor cell lines (DAMI, CHRF-288–11) and the human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) the DRK current was not detected. To determine if the absence of the DRK current in the tumor cells is the result of the underlying malignant state, we examined megakaryocytes from myelogenous leukemia patients. In 24 of 29 megakaryocytes from the myelogenous leukemia patients, the DRK current was greatly suppressed, whereas in the remaining 5 megakaryocytes a normal large amplitude DRK current was present. We had the opportunity to reexamine megakaryocytes from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3), after chemotherapy. Whereas the DRK current was suppressed before treatment, the current reappeared after chemotherapy. Exposure to the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, caused the appearance of a voltage-gated outward current in the megakaryocytes of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. This finding suggests either that the channels underlying the DRK current are present but somehow suppressed in megakaryocytes from these patients or that forskolin induces a different voltage-gated outward current. We suggest that the megakaryocytes from the myelogenous leukemia patients with suppressed DRK current are abnormal, whereas the others may be normal megakaryocytes. The suppression of the DRK current may be a contributory factor to the dysregulation of thrombopoiesis (Zittoun et al: Semin Hop Paris 44:183, 1968 and Rabellino et al: Blood 63:615, 1984) in myelogenous leukemias.
Apes and Humans

Living hominoids (apes and humans), like Old World monkeys, are catarrhine primates. Living apes are characterized by many specializations of how the postcranial skeleton relates to suspensory behavior. All are forest dwellers.They are divided into two families. The hylobatids, or lesser apes, are the gibbons and siamangs of Asia. They are frugivorous and folivorous and travel by brachiation, or arm swinging. They generally live in small monogamous groups. Hominids are the great apes and humans. The Asian orangutana are primarily frugivorous, mostly arboreal, and very suspensory. Adults are solitary foragers. The African great apes, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos are found both in the trees and on the ground where they move by knuckle-walking. Gorillas are largely folivorous while chimps and bonobos are more frugivorous. All live in large groups, but have different social structures. Humans are very unusual primates and are found on all continents except Antarctica. We have very large brains, small teeth and reduced body hair. We have hands with a relatively long thumb and great manipulative abilities enabling extensive use of tools of many sorts. Our legs are relatively long and our feet have short toes with an adducted hallux. These features enable our bipedal locomotion, both walking and running. Human diets are very diverse and differ from those of other primates in that human food is often prepared by cooking. Humans live in a wide range of social structures, but all are characterized by extensive prosocial behavior with many adults involved in the raising of offspring. We have the slowest maturation and the longest lifespans of any primate, including long postreprodutive lives among human females.
Chapter 28 – JMH blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the JMH blood group system. The history, terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the JMH blood group system are reviewed. The function of the JMH blood group system is also discussed. Semaphorins and their receptors may be involved in control of cellular functions, for example, in cell-cell repulsion. CD108 contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (267–269) cell attachment motif, which is common in adhesion molecules. The molecular basis associated with JMH antigen, the effect of enzymes/chemicals on JMH antigen on intact red blood cells (RBCs), the in vitro characteristics of alloanti-JMH, and the clinical significance of alloanti-JMH are also reviewed. Autoanti-JMH is often found in elderly persons with an acquired absent or weak expression of JMH. The alloanti-JMH is present in JMH-positive individuals whose RBCs express variant forms of CD108.
Radiologic Features of Achondroplasia

It would be appropriate to begin with a photograph of a miniature bronze statue of an ancient Roman who is believed to represent one of the dwarfed gladiators assembled by the emperor Domitian almost two thousand years ago. The skill of the unknown artist clearly defined the clinical features of an achondroplastic dwarf as they have been presented by Professor Maroteaux. Had we an opportunity to examine this individual radiographically, we should have found him to have short and relatively thick tubular bones in all limbs. The femur would not be much longer than the tibia. This feature and similar proportions in the bones of the upper limb (Fig. 1) are responsible for the diagnostically important rhizomelic limb shortening that characterizes achondroplasia. The tuberosities to which muscles are attached are unusually prominent, and together with relatively large articulating ends of the bones exaggerate the discrepancy between length and width of the shafts.
A hybrid energy scavenging topology for human-powered mobile electronics

Wearable electronic devices are becoming inevitable part of life in this century. Traditional way of powering wearable electronics devices lies on batteries. As power requirements decrease for most wearable devices, it is feasible to harvest a useful amount of energy from a normal range of human activity. Researchers so far have investigated only one type of actuation techniques such as electromagnetic, electrostatic, or piezoelectric to harvest energy from normal activity of human. This paper presents a hybrid piezoelectric/permanent magnet energy scavenging device topology. The proposed topology takes advantage of two different actuation techniques. The paper presents the analytical modeling of hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic parts. Presented results demonstrate the advantages of hybrid topologies, as enabling technology for future wearable electronic devices.
Flat-topped and Gaussian dual-shape optical frequency comb generator using only intensity and phase modulators

We use intensity and phase modulators to develop a 10-GHz optical frequency comb whose shape can be easily switched between extremely flat-topped (38-lines within 1-dB) and Gaussian (36-lines over 15-dB dynamic range).
Yoga and Pilates as Methods of Symptom Management in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder in which the body's immune system damages myelin in the central nervous system. The onset of this disorder typically occurs in early adulthood, and it is more frequently diagnosed in women. As of 2016, there is no cure, and the long-term disease progression makes symptomatic management critical for maintaining quality of life (QoL). Several pharmacotherapeutic agents are approved for treatment, but many patients seek complementary and alternative interventions. Here, we review the potential benefits of yoga or Pilates for individuals with MS and address the ability of yoga or Pilates in managing symptoms related to QoL including pain, mental health, fatigue, spasticity, balance, bladder control, and sexual function.
Hybrid Verification of an Air Traffic Operational Concept

A concept of operations for air traffic management consists of a set of flight rules and procedures aimed to keep aircraft safely separated. This paper reports on the formal verification of separation properties of the NASA's Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations (SATS HVO) concept for non-towered, non-radar airports. Based on a geometric description of the SATS HVO air space, we derive analytical formulas to compute spacing requirements on nominal approaches. Then, we model the operational concept by a hybrid non-deterministic asynchronous state transition system. Using an explicit state exploration technique, we show that the spacing requirements are always satisfied on nominal approaches. All the mathematical development presented in this paper has been formally verified in the Prototype Verification System (PVS). Keywords. Formal verification, hybrid systems, air traffic management, theorem proving
Compact Assumption Applied to Monopole Term of Farassat’s Formulations

This paper presents compact forms for the monopole term of several of Farassat’s formulations. When the physical surface is elongated, such as in the case of a high aspect ratio rotorcraft blade, o...
Λ hyperon polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions from a chiral kinetic approach

Using a chiral kinetic approach based on initial conditions from a multiphase transport model, we study the spin polarizations of quarks and antiquarks in noncentral heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Because of the nonvanishing vorticity field in these collisions, quarks and antiquarks are found to acquire appreciable spin polarizations in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane. Converting quarks and antiquarks to hadrons via the coalescence model, we further calculate the spin polarizations of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ and anti-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ hyperons and find their values comparable to those measured in experiments by the STAR Collaboration.
Back-transformation of high-pressure minerals in shocked chondrites: Low-pressure mineral evidence for strong shock

Post-shock annealing of meteorites can destroy their shock-induced features, particularly high-pressure minerals, and complicate the estimation of impact pressure–temperature conditions. However, distinguishing post-shock annealing features from thermal metamorphism effects can be practically difficult. Here we report results from Mbale, a highly shocked L chondrite, to investigate the mechanisms, kinetics and identification criteria for post-shock annealing of high-pressure signatures. Olivine fragments within shock-melt veins in Mbale occur as chemically heterogeneous nanocrystalline aggregates that contain trace wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Their strong variation in fayalite content provides evidence of iron partitioning during transformation of olivine to wadsleyite, followed by back-transformation to olivine after decompression. Experimental studies of transformation kinetics show that wadsleyite transforms to olivine in seconds at temperatures above ∼1200 K and in hours at temperatures between 900 and 1200 K. Thermal models of shock-melt cooling show that shock veins in Mbale cooled to 1200 K in 1 s. The shock pulse must have been shorter than ∼1 s to provide the high temperature conditions for post-shock back-transformation of wadsleyite. Many highly shocked L chondrites, which have abundant high-pressure minerals, must have experienced relatively long shock durations combined with rapid cooling of shock-melt regions to preserve high-pressure phases. The most highly shocked samples, such as impact melt breccias, lack high-pressure phases because of post-shock back-transformations.
Toward a New Curriculum of Leadership Competencies: Advances in Motivation Science Call for Rethinking Leadership Development:

The ProblemLeadership competencies are designed to equip leaders with the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics, required to effectively lead people toward the achievement of orga...
Nonlinear phase-resolved reconstruction of irregular water waves

We develop and validate a high-order reconstruction (HOR) method for the phase-resolved reconstruction of a nonlinear wave field given a set of wave measurements. HOR optimizes the amplitude and phase of free wave components of the wave field, accounting for nonlinear wave interactions up to order in the evolution, to obtain a wave field that minimizes the reconstruction error between the reconstructed wave field and the given measurements. For a given reconstruction tolerance, and are provided in the HOR scheme itself. To demonstrate the validity and efficacy of HOR, we perform extensive tests of general two- and three-dimensional wave fields specified by theoretical Stokes waves, nonlinear simulations and physical wave fields in tank experiments which we conduct. The necessary , for general broad-banded wave fields, is shown to be substantially less than the free and locked modes needed for the nonlinear evolution. We find that, even for relatively small wave steepness, the inclusion of high-order effects in HOR is important for prediction of wave kinematics not in the measurements. For all the cases we consider, HOR converges to the underlying wave field within a nonlinear spatial-temporal predictable zone which depends on the measurements and wave nonlinearity. For infinitesimal waves, matches the linear predictable zone , verifying the analytic solution presented in Qi et al. (Wave Motion, vol. 77, 2018, pp. 195–213). With increasing wave nonlinearity, we find that contains and is generally greater than . Thus provides a (conservative) estimate of when the underlying wave field is not known.
Image analysis of the distribution of intraperitoneally administered fluids in patients with ovarian cancer.

Patients are selected for intraperitoneal chemotherapy based on the condition of the peritoneal cavity and the volume of residual disease, as determined by second-look surgery. Several techniques have been described to assess the distribution of intraperitoneal fluids. They rely on point, as opposed to area, measurements. We performed serial radionuclide scans of 15 patients undergoing intraperitoneal chemo for ovarian cancer. Scans were performed following intraperitoneal administration of 500-1000 ml of 99Tc-labeled human serum albumin in normal saline. Each patient underwent three scans at least 4 weeks apart. Radionuclide scans were digitized for computerized analysis. Area in picture elements (pixels) and optical density (mass) of the 99Tc-labeled regions were determined and analyzed for similarities in the pattern of distribution. Area analysis was used to divide the patients into two groups. Group 2 patients (n = 7) had more patients with < 0.5 cm of residual disease (P = .051) and no evidence of disease (P = 0.1) compared with group 1 patients (n = 8). No differences in overall survival were found (P = 0.21). No objective measurement of distribution of intraperitoneally administered fluids exists. Computer image analysis may be an improvement over static scoring techniques to assess non-invasive imaging studies.
A Simple Model of the Descending Mediterranean Outflow Plume

Observations show that the outflow of Mediterranean water from the Strait of Gibraltar forms a distinct plume that flows along the northern continental slope in the Gulf of Cadiz. In a model with Froude number dependent mixing, the plume mixes with overlying fresher waters in two stages as it descends to an equilibrium depth of about 1100 m. The plume cools from 13.5 C at the western end of the strait to 11.8 C at Cape St. Vincent, and the salinity freshens from 38.2 ppt to 36.5 ppt. The controlling external parameter is the bottom slope, which is nearly invariant in our sensitivity experiments because the path of the plume is constrained by rotation. Thus the end product of mixing remains insensitive to reasonable changes in the internal and external parameters.
Marc R. Tool’s Contributions to Institutional Economics

After a period of over twenty years in which institutionalists found it virtually impossible to get their books published or their articles accepted by professional journals, the literature of institutional economics began to expand dramatically in the mid-1970s.2 The establishment in 1966 of the Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE) finally made it possible for institutionalists to meet on an annual basis to encourage institutionalist research and to provide a forum for its critique. The papers presented at the annual meetings of AFEE began to appear regularly in AFEE’s Journal of Economic Issues, which was launched in 1967. In 1979, the Association for Institutional Thought (AFIT) was organized, creating a second professional forum for institutional thought.3
Water on Mars: Do submarine cyclic steps exist on the red planet?

Submarine cyclic steps have a significant impact on the evolution of the ocean floor on Earth. These upper-flow regime bedforms should be even more common in Martian reduced-gravity environments. We postulate that, if early Mars had an ocean, cyclic steps would have formed on Martian deltas spreading along the putative ancient shorelines in the northern plains. The main challenge to identifying submarine cyclic steps on Mars is geologic activity, in particular impacts, volcanism, and aeolian erosion, which have erased or modify much of the geomorphic evidence. Even though many Martian deltaic deposits do not bear much resemblance to the original depositional surfaces, we hypothesize that cementation and consolidation of marine sediments had facilitated the preservation of at least some Martian cyclic steps on deltaic deposits. We combine data from several orbital missions at Mars with a literature review and numerical analysis to inspect bedforms near the foreset-bottomset transition of 17 documented deltaic deposits. The most promising piece of evidence for Martian submarine cyclic steps is a linear series of rhythmic long-wavelength bedforms within a channel incised into the upper delta front of the Aeolis Mensae Delta. These bedforms are remarkably similar to their counterparts observed in channels on deltas and deep-water fans on Earth. Moreover, we speculate that two fields of cyclic steps, likely emanating from a crater upstream of the Aeolis Mensae Delta, are a potential example of contemporary cyclic steps and attest to the sporadic presence of flowing water on present-day Mars.
Baseline chronic kidney disease does not predict long-term renal functional decline after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

To compare renal functional outcomes in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) to identify predictors of change in renal function after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We reviewed patients who underwent PCNL by a single surgeon over 3.5 years. Patients’ pre- and post-operative Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was calculated. Baseline GFR 30% decline in renal function post-operatively. Age, gender, African American race, presence of comorbidities and pre-operative CKD were not significant predictors of renal function post-operatively on multivariate analysis. PCNL in this cohort appears GFR neutral in the setting of baseline CKD. CKD was not predictive of renal functional decline after PCNL. Given that stone disease carries a high recurrence rate and that CKD is associated with stone formers, further investigation into predictors of renal function change after PCNL is warranted.
Use of magnets in gastrointestinal surgery

Laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery has undergone vast progress during the last 2 decades, translating into improved patient outcomes. A prime example of this development is the use of magnetic devices in gastrointestinal surgery. Magnetic devices have been developed and implemented for both laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, providing alternatives for retraction, anchoring, and compression among other critical surgical steps. The purpose of this review is to explore the use of magnetic devices in gastrointestinal surgery, and describe different magnetic technologies, current applications, and future directions. IRB approval and written consent were not required. In this review of the existing literature, we offer a critical examination at the use of magnets for gastrointestinal surgery currently described. We show the experiences done to date, the benefits in laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, and additional future implications. Magnetic devices have been tested in the field of gastrointestinal surgery, both in the contexts of animal and human experimentation. Magnets have been mainly used for retraction, anchoring, mobilization, and anastomosis. Research into the use of magnets in gastrointestinal surgery offers promising results. The integration of these technologies in minimally invasive surgery provides benefits in various procedures. However, more research is needed to continually evaluate their impact and implementation into surgical practice.
Robotic substernal esophageal bypass and reconstruction with gastric conduit—frequently overlooked minimally invasive option

Modern esophagectomy includes the esophageal extirpation with immediate reconstruction of the gastrointestinal (GI) continuity via posterior mediastinal route. In the majority of cases tubularized stomach is chosen as the conduit of choice. Other conduits, such as colon or small bowel can be used for these purposes as well. In rare circumstances use of the alternative route for the conduit placement is required. Authors describe the technique of robotic substernal esophageal bypass and reconstruction of the esophageal continuity.