cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Factors/Ergonomics

Human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) explore the ways in which human beings interact with the technologies they create. Traditionally, HF/E has been concerned with improving efficiency and safety in industrial and manufacturing production. Across the world, these traditional ergonomic concerns with physical work are still very much in evidence. However, much of the present focus of HF/E is on issues related to computer-mediated work and complex systems design. In addition to fashioning our interaction with technology, the future of HF/E may well be directed to creating it. The ultimate goal of HF/E is to help each individual person realize his or her full potential.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Massive hemorrhage is the leading cause of mortality in the first 24 h after a traumatic injury. It has been shown that coagulopathy happens very early after traumatic injury. The etiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) or trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is multifactorial. Tissue injury and shock due to hypoperfusion when present together strongly predispose to ATC and increase the mortality up to fivefold. Hypothermia, acidosis, and dilution with crystalloids used in resuscitation make the coagulopathy worse. Early resuscitation with blood and blood components is currently recommended in the management of ATC.
Learning a New Routine: Kaska Language Development and the Convergence of Styles

Meek addresses the complexities of learning an endangered language in the classroom and beyond. Using the case of Kaska, an Athabaskan language spoken by approximately 300 people, she shows how an aboriginal-focused curriculum can facilitate the remediation of a history of institutional oppression experienced by aboriginal and other indigenous groups. To enhance the impact of an aboriginal orientation, she argues that a mixed methods approach is necessary for language planning, including ethnographic and experimental techniques. Her methods reveal that ideologies and norms influence Kaska language learning in both expected and unexpected ways.
Modifiable correlates of perceived cognitive function in breast cancer survivors up to 10 years after chemotherapy completion.

Cognitive changes following breast cancer treatment are likely multifactorial and have been linked to emotional factors, biophysiological factors, and fatigue, among others. Little is known about the contributions of modifiable factors such as stress, loneliness, and sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of perceived stress, loneliness, and sleep quality on perceived cognitive function (PCF) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) after chemotherapy completion. In this observational study, BCS 6 months to 10 years post chemotherapy were recruited from the community. We measured perceived stress, loneliness, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and PCF. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, and mediation analyses utilizing ordinary least square regression. Ninety women who were on average 3 years post chemotherapy completion participated in the study. Moderate to largely negative correlations were found between PCF and the psychosocial and sleep variables (r values ranged from − 0.31 to − 0.70, p values < .0009). Mediation analyses revealed that stress and daytime sleepiness both directly and indirectly impact PCF and that loneliness and sleep quality only have indirect effects (through anxiety and fatigue). Our findings suggest that perceived cognitive changes following breast cancer treatment are multifactorial and that higher stress levels, loneliness, daytime sleepiness, and poorer sleep quality are linked to worse perceived cognitive functioning. Also, stress, loneliness, and sleep quality may affect cognitive functioning through a shared psychobiological pathway. Interventions targeting stress, loneliness, and sleep quality may improve perceived cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors.
Corneal endothelial changes following minor trauma

The healing processes that occur when corneal endothelial cells are subjected to only mild trauma are not known. To study these processes we have developed a system that enables only a few endothelial cells to be traumatized or destroyed under continuous specular microscopic observation in vitro. Experiments in which a small group of cells were traumatized by gentle wounding with a microglass tip produced an immediate and distinct dark area having the same size as the tip. Using this method we have produced and observed two types of wound by controlling the force of wounding. The first type of wound, produced by a gentle touch, recovered within 1 hr. The second type of wound, produced by moderate touch, took about 24 hr to recover completely from the trauma. In the second type of wound, we observed migration, elongation, coalescence and mitosis during the healing process. Histological examination revealed that in the first type of wound, the cells remained intact with no apparent damage seen by vital staining and light microscopy. For the second type of wound, the cells were completely missing although there was no apparent damage to Descemet's membrane.
The contact sport of rough surfaces.

Describing the way two surfaces touch and make contact may seem simple, but it is not. Fully describing the elastic deformation of ideally smooth contacting bodies, under even low applied pressure, involves second-order partial differential equations and fourth-rank elastic constant tensors. For more realistic rough surfaces, the problem becomes a multiscale exercise in surface-height statistics, even before including complex phenomena such as adhesion, plasticity, and fracture. A recent research competition, the “Contact Mechanics Challenge” ( 1 ), was designed to test various approximate methods for solving this problem. A hypothetical rough surface was generated, and the community was invited to model contact with this surface with competing theories for the calculation of properties, including contact area and pressure. A supercomputer-generated numerical solution was kept secret until competition entries were received. The comparison of results ( 2 ) provides insights into the relative merits of competing models and even experimental approaches to the problem.
Strain- and sex-dependent pulmonary toxicity of waterpipe smoke in mouse.

Abstract Waterpipe smoking is emerging as a form of tobacco smoking, but its lung health/risks is not known. It has been shown that different mouse strains show differences in susceptibility to tobacco smoke. However, the effect of waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure and strain differences in susceptibility to oxidative and inflammatory responses is not known. Here, we showed acute WPS exposure induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mouse strains. WPS exposure induced inflammatory cell influx (neutrophils and T‐lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid), which varied among mouse strains. Proinflammatory cytokines release differed among both the strains, but was significantly increased in C57BL/6J mice. Myeloperoxidase levels in BAL fluid were increased significantly in both the strains. Total reduced glutathione (GSH) level was decreased, whereas the level of oxidized or glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased in lungs of both the strains. Similarly, the level of lipid peroxidation markers, 15‐isoprostane (plasma), malondialdehyde and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (lung homogenates) were increased by WPS. Our data suggest that, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are influenced by strain characteristics during acute WPS exposure. Overall, C57BL/6J mice showed more susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses compared to BALB/cJ mice. Acute WPS mediated pulmonary toxicity is differentially regulated in different mouse strains.
Five-year minimum clinical and radiographic outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty using a hybrid glenoid component with a central porous titanium post.

Background To determine the effectiveness of hybrid glenoid components in reducing the frequency of glenoid component loosening, we evaluated clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum 5-year follow-up in 45 shoulders that underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using a system with a central porous titanium post to augment the cemented peripheral pegs. Methods Function and pain were evaluated with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment score, visual analog scale, active shoulder range of motion, and strength. Postoperative radiographs were analyzed for radiolucent lines, progressive loosening, and at-risk signs. Results The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 40.4 to 83.7 (P Conclusion Anatomic TSA using a hybrid glenoid component with a central porous titanium post demonstrated a low rate of mechanical failure and a rate of radiolucent lines comparable to reports of all polyethylene implants. Further evaluations are needed to demonstrate the long-term durability of these implants and to determine the significance and fate of the radiolucent lines, particularly relative to the central post.
Climate change: potential implications for Ireland’s biodiversity

A national biodiversity and climate change adaptation plan is being developed for Ireland by the Department of Communications, Climate Action, and Environment. In order to inform such a plan, it was necessary to review and synthesize some of the recent literature pertaining to the impact of climate change on biodiversity in Ireland. Published research on this topic fell within three broad categories: (i) changes in the timing of life-cycle events (phenology) of plants, birds, and insects; (ii) changes in the geographic range of some bird species; and (iii) changes in the suitable climatic zones of key habitats and species. The synthesis revealed evidence of (i) a trend towards earlier spring activity of plants, birds, and insects which may result in a change in ecosystem function; (ii) an increase in the number of bird species; and (iii) both increases and decreases in the suitable climatic area of key habitats and species, all of which are expected to impact Ireland’s future biodiversity. This process identified data gaps and limitations in available information both of which could be used to inform a focused research strategy. In addition, it raises awareness of the potential implications of climate change for biodiversity in Ireland and elsewhere and demonstrates the need for biodiversity conservation plans to factor climate change into future designs.
Epilogue: Shakespeare and Milton Grapple with Kingship

In the Epilogue to The Biblical Covenant in Shakespeare, Kietzman suggests that The Tempest is Shakespeare’s statement about how the Bible should and should not be used by rulers: it should not serve the Machiavellian function of mystifying power, but its key notion of covenant should be lived out in the ruler’s relation with his subjects. Kietzman concludes with a brief discussion of the covenantal politics Milton articulates in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649) using the same biblical places from I Samuel that Shakespeare refigures. Finally, she turns to Eikonoklastes and Milton’s accusation that Charles I misused his Shakespeare, imitating tyrants like Richard III instead of listening to the thousand several tongues in the biblical conscience of the plays, whispering their suggestions for reform.
On the Pleromatic: The Gnostic Myth in Women in Love

This essay meets at the crossroads of religion and literature, insofar as it concerns the extent to which fictional characters can articulate religious viewpoints. The subject here is D. H. Lawrence’s Women in Love with particular focus on the novel’s main character, Rupert Birkin. This essay argues that Birkin’s particular worldview, and the source of the strangeness with which it is encountered, is due to its location outside Judeo-Christian frameworks and inside a fundamentally “Gnostic” one. To prove this argument, I first adumbrate essential features of the Gnostic myth and then proceed to show how Birkin both reflects and departs from them.
An analytical approach for DC-link DM filter design for PM AC motor drives

This paper presents a detailed procedure for DC-Link Differential Mode filter design for AC Permanent Magnet Motor Drives. The goal is to design a filter to attenuate Differential Mode noise, caused by PWM controlled motor load current, below specified limits. The specified limits are defined by DO-160 Section 21 or MIL 461 CE102. Analytical calculation is used to estimate DC-Link current harmonics based on motor parameters and load conditions. Once unfiltered DC-Link current harmonics defined, the filter Insertion Loss (IL) can be estimate to comply with above standards. All analytical results are compared with the results of PSPICE and MATCAD analysis.
Tensile and Flexural Properties of Solid-State Microcellular Abs Panels

Microcellular foams refer to thermoplastic foams with cells of the order of 10 μm in size. Typically these foams are rigid, closed-cell structures. The microcellular process was invented at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in early eighties [1, 2], in response to a challenge by food and film packaging industries to reduce the amount of polymer used in thin-walled articles. Thus was born the idea to create microcellular foam, where we could have, for example, 100 bubbles across 1 mm thickness, and expect to have a reasonable strength for the intended applications. An early review of the subject appeared in 1993 [3]. A more recent account of microcellular foams can be found in the Handbook on Polymer Foams, 2003 [4].
Sin Cities: From History to Sociology to Urban History, an Interdisciplinary Journey:

An account of an intellectual journey across disciplinary borders combined with a foray into new teaching methodologies that resulted in the construction of a popular course in urban history at a f...
Effects of dexamethasone on postoperative urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a complication of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR). Previous research has identified predictive factors of POUR, such as age and history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There is currently limited work on preventative measures. We hypothesize dexamethasone, a steroid, reduces POUR rates following LIHR due to its mechanism. Consecutive patients (n = 979) undergoing LIHR from 2009 to 2017 at a single institution were selected from a prospectively managed database. All procedures were performed by four general surgeons. Only male patients were selected, as the majority of POUR occurs in males. Patients were retroactively chart reviewed and divided into two groups, dexamethasone use (n = 623) and no dexamethasone use (n = 356). Perioperative factors were compared between groups with Chi-square and independent samples t tests. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether dexamethasone use was associated with POUR. A subgroup analysis was performed on the dexamethasone group to determine any dose-dependent effects. We found a significant difference in POUR between the dexamethasone group and no dexamethasone group (3.7% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.0001). Patients in the dexamethasone group had a shorter length of stay, and were less likely to have BPH or a Foley placed (all p < 0.05). Age and BMI were similar between groups. Multivariable analysis showed that the use of dexamethasone was associated with a reduced risk of POUR (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.2–0.97, p = 0.0386), while controlling for factors such as age and BPH. A subgroup analysis examined the effect of dexamethasone per unit (mg) increase. There was no significant association between dexamethasone dose and POUR rates (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.38, p = 0.6241). Patients who received dexamethasone showed a lower rate of POUR regardless of dose. These results suggest dexamethasone can be administered to reduce POUR in males undergoing LIHR.
Significance of calcium ions in the regulation of myocardial contractility

Calcium ions (Ca2+) represent the most important of the intracellular messengers in excitable cells. This messenger function occurs when a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ transmits a signal generated at the cell surface to an effector system within the cell. While Ca2+ can be viewed essentially as “universal” intracellular messenger, the signals that lead to the appearance of messenger Ca2+ inside the cell, the sources of this Ca2+, and the receptors that recognize messenger Ca2+ can all differ among various cell types in the body. Specialized adaptations in these three aspects of the processes of excitation-contraction and stimulus-secretion coupling give rise to a complex and fascinating series of regulatory patterns in different tissues and organs of the body.
Motivational Affordances: Fundamental Reasons for ICT Design and Use

Organizations hoping to improve employee productivity, increase strategic advantages, and gain or hold the competitive edge have invested heavily in information and communication technology (ICT). Similarly, ICT development firms and other stakeholders have struggled to attract potential consumers, increase consumer loyalty, and stimulate continued ICT use. Yet despite such heavy investment and keen interest, our understanding of what contributes to ICT acceptance and use is still limited. The limits are largely owing to the theoretical perspectives researchers have chosen to study the phenomenon. One important but under-utilized theoretical perspective is motivation of human behavior. Motivation studies attempt to answer two basic questions: what causes behavior, and why does behavior vary in its intensity. A motivation theory explains the processes that give behavior its energy and direction. Energy implies that behavior has strength (strong, intense, or persistent).
Toward a theoretical understanding of young female cancer survivors' decision-making about family-building post-treatment

Family-building after gonadotoxic treatment often requires in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, or adoption, with associated challenges such as uncertain likelihood of success, high costs, and complicated laws regulating surrogacy and adoption. This study examined adolescent and young adult female (AYA-F) survivors’ experiences and decision-making related to family-building after cancer. Semi-structured interviews explored fertility and family-building themes (N = 25). Based on an a priori conceptual model, hypothesis coding and grounded theory coding methods guided qualitative analysis. Participants averaged 29 years old (SD = 6.2) were mostly White and educated. Four major themes were identified: sources of uncertainty, cognitive and emotional reactions, coping behaviors, and decision-making. Uncertainty stemmed from medical, personal, social, and financial factors, which led to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to reduce distress, renegotiate identity, adjust expectations, and consider “next steps” toward family-building goals. Most AYA-Fs were unaware of their fertility status, felt uninformed about family-building options, and worried about expected challenges. Despite feeling that “action” was needed, many were stalled in decision-making to evaluate fertility or address information needs; postponement and avoidance were common. Younger AYA-Fs tended to be less concerned. AYA-Fs reported considerable uncertainty, distress, and unmet needs surrounding family-building decisions post-treatment. Support services are needed to better educate patients and provide opportunity for referral and early preparation for potential challenges. Reproductive counseling should occur throughout survivorship care to address medical, psychosocial, and financial difficulties, allow time for informed decision-making, and the opportunity to prepare for barriers such as high costs.
Passive NOx adsorption on Pd/H-ZSM-5: Experiments and modeling

Abstract A combined experimental and modeling study of the passive NOx adsorber (PNA) is presented that advances the understanding and prediction of the effects of various operating parameters and material properties of H-ZSM-5 and Pd/H-ZSM-5. Experiments reveal the NOx uptake process to be kinetically limited. Two microkinetic schemes are developed to explain the NOx uptake and release and NO2 generation data. Both schemes are incorporated into a 1 + 1 D monolith model to predict and validate NOx uptake and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) data. Scheme I involves Z - [ P d O H ] + , Z - P d 2 + Z - a n d Z - P d + with Z - P d + as the strongest NO binding site. Scheme II involves reduction of PdO2 to PdO and nitrate formation. Model tuning utilizes a combination of infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT) estimates of energy barriers. The model is validated at different conditions including feed parameters and Pd loading.
Diagnosing and treating native spinal and pelvic osteomyelitis in adolescents.

Retrospective case series. To describe how pediatric patients with spinal and pelvic osteomyelitis are diagnosed and treated and assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), needle aspiration biopsy (NAB), and blood cultures in this population. Spinal and pelvic osteomyelitis de novo are uncommon in children and minimal literature exists on the subject. Research has shown that NAB and blood cultures have variable diagnostic yield in adult native osteomyelitis. At our institution, there is no standard protocol for diagnosing and treating pediatric spinal and pelvic osteomyelitis de novo. All diagnoses of spinal and pelvic osteomyelitis at a pediatric tertiary care center from 2003 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients aged 0–21 at diagnosis were included. Patients with osteomyelitis resulting from prior spinal operations, wounds, or infections and those with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis were eliminated. All eligible patients’ diagnoses were confirmed by MRI. 29 patients (18 men, 11 women) met the inclusion criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years old (range 1–18). More than half of all cases (17/29, 59%) affected the lumbar spine. The most common symptoms were back pain (20/29, 69%), fever (18/29, 62%), hip pain (11/29, 38%), and leg pain (8/29, 28%). The majority of NABs and blood cultures performed were negative, but of the positive tests Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacteria. 86% (25/29) had an MRI before a diagnosis was made and 72% (13/18) had an NAB performed post-diagnosis. MRI is a popular and helpful tool in diagnosing spinal osteomyelitis de novo. NAB cultures are often negative but can be useful in determining antibiotic treatment. Level IV.
Are There Regional Differences in Triple Negative Breast Cancer among Non-Hispanic Black Women?

Background Non-Hispanic black women (NHB) are diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) more often than other ethnic or racial groups in the United States (US). This study describes regional differences in TNBC incidence among NHB women in the US from 2011 to 2015. Methods We analyzed data from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) that includes incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs. Results Compared to the incidence rate for NHB women in the South, rates were significantly lower in the Northeast (22.6 per 100,000), higher in the Midwest (25.5 per 100,000) and similar in the West. These regional differences might be explained by genetic admixture among people with different geographic ancestral origins. Conclusions Results from this study highlight the need to extend etiological research and evidence-based cancer prevention and control efforts to women at high risk of this disease in order to decrease cancer disparities.
Metropolitan Public School District Segregation by Race and Income, 2000–2011:

BackgroundRecent work has documented declining public school racial/ethnic segregation, as students have become more evenly distributed across schools and districts since the turn of the century. H...
Performance optimization and fast rate capabilities of novel polymer cathode materials through balanced electronic and ionic transport

The increasing demands for high-power electrical energy storage technologies require the development of new electrode materials and architectures with fast ion and electron transport. Herein, we report a new family of ter-polymers as battery cathode materials which exhibit significantly improved performance over their parent co-polymers: poly(phenylene-phenazine), and poly(1,3,5-phenylene-phenazine). The high electronic conductivity of poly(phenylene-phenazine) and fast ionic transport of poly(1,3,5-phenylene-phenazine) are combined in this series of ter-polymers, exhibiting improved battery performances which are especially apparent at high rates. The optimized ter-polymer delivers 180 mA h g−1 when discharged at 16 A g−1, demonstrating the effectiveness of balancing ionic and electronic transport properties.
Do FR Security Purchases, Used as 2 Variable Deficit Modifiers, Reduce Crowd Out, Controlling for Private Savings?

This chapter again tests for the effectiveness of exogenous loanable funds growth controlling for only private saving and foreign borrowing as other sources of loanable funds. However, in this chapter, the effects off this type of deficit remediation are tested on tax and spending deficits separately. Again, the finding is that total loanable funds or the whole endogenous part is the better control.
Penguin: A Tool for Predicting Pseudouridine Sites in Direct RNA Nanopore Sequencing Data

Abstract Pseudouridine is one of the most abundant RNA modifications, occurring when uridines are catalyzed by Pseudouridine synthase proteins. It plays an important role in many biological processes and also has an importance in drug development. Recently, the single-molecule sequencing techniques such as the direct RNA sequencing platform offered by Oxford Nanopore technologies enable direct detection of RNA modifications on the molecule that is being sequenced, but to our knowledge this technology has not been used to identify RNA Pseudouridine sites. To this end, in this paper, we address this limitation by introducing a tool called Penguin that integrates several developed machine learning (ML) models (i.e., predictors) to identify RNA Pseudouridine sites in Nanopore direct RNA sequencing reads. Penguin extracts a set of features from the raw signal measured by the Oxford Nanopore and the corresponding basecalled k-mer. Those features are used to train the predictors included in Penguin, which in turn, is able to predict whether the signal is modified by the presence of Pseudouridine sites. We have included various predictors in Penguin including Support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Neural network (NN). The results on the two benchmark data sets show that Penguin is able to identify Pseudouridine sites with a high accuracy of 93.38% and 92.61% using SVM in random split testing and independent validation testing respectively. Thus, Penguin outperforms the existing Pseudouridine predictors in the literature that achieved an accuracy of 76.0 at most with an independent validation testing. A GitHub of the tool is accessible at https://github.com/Janga-Lab/Penguin.
Insights into the molecular mechanisms of cell fate decision making processes from chromosome structural dynamics

Abstract Cell state transitions or cell fate decision making processes, such as cell development and cell pathological transformation, are believed to be determined by the regulatory network of genes, which intimately depend on the structures of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. The high temporal resolution picture of how chromosome reorganizes its 3D structure during the cell state transitions is the key to understanding the mechanisms of these fundamental cellular processes. However, this picture is still challenging to acquire at present. Here, we studied the chromosome structural dynamics during the cell state transitions among the pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC), the terminally differentiated normal cell and the cancer cell using landscape-switching model implemented in the molecular dynamics simulation. We considered up to 6 transitions, including differentiation, reprogramming, cancer formation and reversion. We found that the pathways can merge at certain stages during the transitions for the two processes having the same destination as the ESC or the normal cell. Before reaching the merging point, the two pathways are cell-type-specific. The chromosomes at the merging points show high structural similarity to the ones at the final cell states in terms of the contact maps, TADs and compartments. The post-merging processes correspond to the adaption of the chromosome global shape geometry through the chromosome compaction without significantly disrupting the contact formation. On the other hand, our detailed analysis showed no merging point for the two cancer formation processes initialized from the ESC and the normal cell, implying that cancer progression is a complex process and may be associated with multiple pathways. Our results draw a complete molecular picture of cell development and cancer at the dynamical chromosome structural level, and help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell fate decision making processes.
Regulation and Poverty: An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between the Incidence of Federal Regulation and the Occurrence of Poverty Across the States

We estimate the impact of federal regulations on poverty rates in the 50 US states using the recently created Federal Regulation and State Enterprise (FRASE) index, which is an industry-weighted measure of the burden of federal regulations at the state level. Controlling for many other factors known to influence poverty rates, we find a robust, positive, and statistically significant relationship between the FRASE index and poverty rates across states. Specifically, we find that a 10 percent increase in the effective federal regulatory burden on a state is associated with an approximate 2.5 percent increase in the poverty rate. This paper fills an important gap in both the poverty and the regulation literature because it is the first paper to estimate the relationship between these variables. Moreover, our results have practical implications for federal policymakers and regulators, because the increased poverty that results from additional regulations should be considered when weighing the costs and benefits of additional regulations.
Theory analysis of social justice in nursing: Applications to obstetric violence research.

The dual purpose of this article is to present a formal theory analysis combined with recommendations for the use of social justice in nursing as a framework for the study of obstetric violence in ...
CO2 EOR and Associated Storage in Residual Oil Zones: Modelling the Evolution and Significance of Oil Saturation in Residual Oil Zones

Residual oil zones (ROZs) are reservoirs in which oil is largely at levels of residual saturation. Such reservoirs cannot be produced by conventional production techniques. ROZs in carbonate reservoirs in the Permian Basin of West Texas were initially interpreted (from wireline logs), as being productive oil zones. If these zones were completed for production, they produced largely water. Over the last decade it has been demonstrated that CO2 injection can make these zones economic to produce. As a result, ROZs in the Permian basin and elsewhere have become attractive targets for CO2-EOR (CO2 enhanced oil recovery) and have a large potential for CO2 sequestration consequential to the EOR activity. The viability of CO2 EOR in ROZs is currently being demonstrated by the results of CO2 injection into the ROZs at the Seminole, Wasson Denver Unit, and Goldsmith oil field. The recoverable oil from ROZs in both the San Andres and Canyon Reef formations of Permian Basin, have been estimated as 12 billion barrels. A key question is the capacity of ROZs to sequester CO2. The current project is the first study of ROZs based on extensive studies of cores, wireline logs, and production data from several ROZs in the San Andreas Formation. Understanding the magnitude of oil saturation and how it varies within ROZs is important to modelling both EOR and sequestration. The commonly accepted model for the formation of ROZ is based on the hydrodynamic effects of tectonically-controlled increased water flows in aquifer at the base of oil fields. In this work, the nature of this process was modelled using a commercial reservoir simulator. These flow simulations were designed to understand how the effects of strength of aquifer flow, flow direction, and capillary pressure on the nature and distribution of oil saturations in ROZs. A special emphasis was on understanding the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on the variation of capillary pressures throughout ROZs. Heterogeneities in capillary pressures appear to dominate the distribution of oil saturation within the ROZ and will also strongly influence the performance for both oil production from CO2 injection, as well as associated CO2 storage. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results to the understanding of both CO2 EOR and storage in ROZs.
The relationship between Migration and Security, including the push factors to Migration.

[enter Abstract BodyThere is a relationship between human security and forced migration. The human rights or the human security challenges force people to migrate. During their migration, they face problems in their home countries, during transit, or once they reach their destination or host country. The immigrants face such challenges both in underdeveloped and even in developed countries like the United States of America. The piece analysis the challenges that migrant faces as they come to U. S. A in the past administrations and if there is hope or changes proposed current the Biden administration. The approach and the policy adopted are also discussed partially.
Dreaming of College Versus Going to College: Expectations and Enrollment Among Autistic Students:

This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study 2 to examine relationships between expectations about college education and enrollment patterns among students on the autism spectrum. Resu...
Mediastinum, Thymus, Cervical and Thoracic Trachea, and Lung

The mediastinum exists by definition as an area defined by arbitrary anatomic boundaries within which many intrathoracic organs reside. The mediastinum's existence by definition has led not only to confusion but also to controversy regarding its anatomic subdivisions. This in turn has led to confusion in the radiologic, medical, and surgical literature reporting frequency of different tumors within the mediastinum. The organs and tumors within the mediastinum are many. This section defines the mediastinum and its compartments, the contents within, surgical procedures for diagnosis, and representative surgical techniques within each compartment.
Increasing the International Competitiveness of the United States through its Joint Venture Laws: A Lesson to be Learned from South Korea

Isenstein, Tania.1991.Increasing the international competitiveness of the United States through its joint venture laws,Articles,[Washington, D.C., U.S.]American University,30
A Review of “City Rules: How Regulations Affect Urban Form”

Many contemporary writings about good urban form—or against urban form characterized as sprawl—take a normative view that posits compact, walkable neighborhoods with a mix of uses as a solution for...
Strategic embeddedness and the microfoundations of collective action: A comparative institutional analysis of the rule of law and informal institutions in cooperation games:

Typical accounts of the ability of social networks to enable collective action focus on either whole group or individual advantages. Adding an intermediate perspective, this paper advances a core notion of strategic embeddedness that applies to social interactions involving a subset of society. Strategic embeddedness is modeled with a game-theoretic approach that places an otherwise isolated game into a broader social structure. To facilitate a comparative institutional analysis of formal and informal mechanisms, this paper advances a complementary notion of the cooperative value of a network to evaluate the maximum payoffs possible under various network structures that define the social context of two-person cooperation games. A formal analysis indicates that decentralized network structures can maximize this cooperative value: under some conditions, these are both optimal and efficient structures that can effectively substitute for anonymous public enforcement mechanisms. In conditions where private enf...
Crowdsourcing quality control of online information: a quality-based cascade model

We extend previous cascade models of social influence to investigate how the exchange of quality information among users may moderate cascade behavior, and the extent to which it may influence the effectiveness of collective user recommendations on quality control of information. We found that while cascades do sometimes occur, their effects depend critically on the accuracies of individual quality assessments of information contents. Contrary to predictions of cascade models of information flow, quality-based cascades tend to reinforce the propagation of individual quality assessments rather than being the primary sources that drive the assessments. We found even small increase in individual accuracies will significantly improve the overall effectiveness of crowdsourcing quality control. Implication to domains such as online health information Web sites or product reviews are discussed.
Regions-based two dimensional continua: The Euclidean case

We extend the work presented in [7, 8] to a regions-based, two-dimensional, Euclidean theory. The goal is to recover the classical continuum on a point-free basis. We first derive the Archimedean property for a class of readily postulated orientations of certain special regions, “generalized quadrilaterals” (intended as parallelograms), by which we cover the entire space. Then we generalize this to arbitrary orientations, and then establishing an isomorphism between the space and the usual point-based R × R. As in the one-dimensional case, this is done on the basis of axioms which contain no explicit “extremal clause” (to the effect that “these are the only ways of generating regions”), and we have no axiom of induction other than ordinary numerical (mathematical) induction. Finally, having explicitly defined ‘ point ’ and ‘ line ’, we will derive the characteristic Parallel’s Postulate (Playfair axiom) from regions-based axioms, and point the way toward deriving key Euclidean metrical properties.
Epistemology of Computational Biology and Modeling of Complex Heterogeneous Systems

In the last two decades, biological sciences have changed signicantly with the advent of large amounts of omics data and the related development of post-genome technology. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology became important elds of research that require a different set of rules of engagement. The push for "big data" research requires careful considerations when designing experiments, and questions like "What is scienticknowledge" and "Does Computational Biology require its own epistemology" have to be addressed before one declares that data mining is all that is needed. While one cannot expect that a single lecture can suce in properly addressing such questions a few examples of the current undertakings in molecular biology and translational science can hopefully initiate a discussion on these important topics. Examples of research projects focused on the highly complex ecosystem of epithelial cells and microbes in the human gut will be used to illustrate certain typical aspects of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology placed in the context of the two questions above.The examples will also be used to underline "What makes biology really diffcult". Methods for noninvasive probing of the system as well as computational techniques for modeling the interactions among the components of this complex system will be presented. The roles of predictive models in biology and the related epistemology will be discussed. In particular, we will show how prior biological knowledge and model-based approaches can address the major challenge in biological sciences: high dimensionalityof the space of measured variables/features vs. the typically low number of samples. We will briefly discuss recent developments and applications of optimal Bayesian classication, Canonical Correlation Analysis, and generegulatory network modeling for the purposes of control and therapeutic intervention.
A Computer Tool for Modeling C4I Applications

Abstract : The large-scale nature of C4I applications makes it difficult to formulate accessible requirements before putting lots of effort into development. Rapid modeling/prototyping has been proved to be efficient for requirement validation and verification by providing a mini scale software product. The latest updated software modeling/prototyping tool is an advanced tool for software prototyping and modeling via a unified graphical environment. To support complex requirement specification and elicitation, this tool is designed as a user centered modeling environment that represents requirements in multiple levels, supports project management, reduces modeling/prototyping effort, maintains model consistency and helps error prevention and elimination. This tool is demonstrated to be useful for modeling C4I applications.
New developments in chemical process simulation-FLOWSIM

Abstract FLOWSIM is the first of a new generation of chemical process flowsheet simulators which are based on the solution of a mathematical model of simultaneously solved equations. A chemical process is described using a modular input format. Analysus and verification of the input data are performed and a set of equations is automatically generated which represents the process. A sparse matrix representation of the equations are generated and the equations are ordered to produce a nonzero diagonal. Automatic initialization of the process variables is performed and the process model is evaluated and solved. The equation-oriented approach overcomes most of the disadvantages found in modular chemical process flowsheet simulators. Data imput and output remain in a form familiar to the current modular concept used in chemical engineering. A graphics pre- and postprocessor is planned to enhance the I-O capability. The solution package uses less computer memory and computer time than a modular simulator with comparable ability. FLOWSIM contains 20 basic units with a large list of options to specify. Additional user defined units are allowed, plus the ability to design groups of the basic units into macros. These macros may represent more complex units, or sections of a chemical plant and can be treated exactly like the basic units used to construct them. A verification task determines whether the process being modelled is correctly specified and informs the user of under or over-specifications that are detected. The solution task is accompanied by a plug-in thermodynamic data package. FLOWSIM is constructed so that it can accept physical properties data from another source by reprogramming only an interface routine built for that purpose. The current version of FLOWSIM can handle a chemical process able to be modelled by 1600 equations or less. The number of units in the process is limited only by the number of equations needed to model it. The current version of FLOWSIM has most of the capabilities and features available in the best modular flowsheet simulators, plus some not available anywhere else. Improvements are under development now to handle tasks that are impractical in a modular flowsheet simulator.
A View through the Bubble: Some Insights from Teaching Negotiation Online

The teaching of negotiation in an online context is not only possible, but surprisingly provides a number of opportunities that the traditional face-to-face classroom setting lacks. The author, drawing on his practical experience over the past few years, puts forth suggestions for preparing and teaching negotiation online. After explaining the preparation and structure of the course, the author offers six core insights to consider when teaching negotiation in this context.
RNA of nerve cell bodies and axons after beta,beta-iminodipropionitrile.

The RNA content of single nerve cell bodies from the anterior horn of rat spinal cord shows no increase during the 12 weeks of feeding of IDPN (β,β-iminodipropionitrile), but a slight decrease is noted during the last four weeks. The RNA concentration in the axonal balloons is only 0.23% as compared to 5.3% in the nerve cell body. The A/U ratio of RNA in the axonal balloons is 0.61 as compared to 0.90 in cell bodies of normal nerve cells. The A/U ratio of RNA in cell bodies of rats fed IDPN is also reduced to 0.68 (6–8 weeks) while the A/U for rats fed IDPN for 1–12 weeks is 0.77.
Regulation of aqueous flow by the adenylate cyclase receptor complex in the ciliary epithelium.

The answer to how the β-adrenergic receptor mediates a fall in intraocular pressure has been elusive. Methods of measurement have not been refined sufficiently. The separate changes after adrenergic treatment frequently are small, and the tissue effects are multiple. On a molecular basis, stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor activates intracellular adenylate cyclase to produce increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Acting by different cell-receptor mechanisms, but nonetheless potent, nonadrenergic stimulators of adenylate cyclase in the ciliary epithelium, such as cholera toxin and organic fluorides, have been studied in experimental animals. They reduce intraocular pressure by reducing net aqueous flow. When forskolin, a diterpene and potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase, became available, it was used in noninvasive topical form in the human eye to clarify the question of whether increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate reduces intraocular pressure and aqueous flow. Noninvasive studies in human eyes have demonstrated a 35% reduction in outflow pressure after the administration of forskolin in a 1% topical suspension, matched by a corresponding reduction in aqueous flow. Tonographic outflow facility was unaltered. Thus, the entire reduction in intraocular pressure can be accounted for by a reduction in net aqueous flow.
Theoretical Computation of Wide Field Projection onto the Retina via Wide Angle Schematic Eye

We present a theoretical framework with the implementation in Matlab to simulate the retinal projection of far field scene across a large anisoplanatic visual field in object space via wide angle schematic eyes monochromatically.
A Comparison of Persuasive Strategies Used by Female and Male Managers I: An Examination of Downward Influence.

Two questions were addressed in the present investigation: (1) What differences and similarities, if any, exist between the persuasive strategies selected by male and female managers in their attempts to convince a subordinate to comply with an obligatory work‐related task? and (2) What differences and similarities, if any, exist between the persuasive strategies selected by male and female managers in their attempt to convince a subordinate to comply with a nonobligatory work‐related task? Two hypothetical compliance‐gaining situations were presented to 46 female and 30 male managers. Written responses were coded using a 19‐category scheme. The study found that male managers rely more often on punishment‐based strategies, while female managers rely more often on altruism‐ and rationale‐based strategies, when attempting to convince a subordinate to comply with an obligatory request. No differences were discovered between the male and female managers in their attempts to convince a subordinate to comply wi...