cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of a calibrated signal using noisy calibration reference levels

The probability density function of the ratio of two nonzero mean Gaussian random variables is derived. The particular application here is for calibrated signals using noisy calibration levels.
Split dose and MiraLAX-based purgatives to enhance bowel preparation quality becoming common recommendations in the US

Objectives:Rates of suboptimal bowel preparation up to 30% have been reported. Liberalized precolonoscopy diet, split dose purgative, and the use of MiraLAX-based bowel preparation (MBBP) prior to ...
Comparative Study of Misoprostol in First and Second Trimester Abortions by Oral, Sublingual, and Vaginal Routes.

To identify an effective misoprostol-only regimen for termination of pregnancy between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation, a prospective randomized study comparing sublingual, vaginal, and oral routes of administration of misoprostol was done. One hundred and fifty women (12–20 weeks gestation) were randomly divided into three groups and given 400 mcg misoprostol sublingually, vaginally, and orally every 4 h up to a maximum of four doses. Primary outcome was the success rate at 24 h. Secondary outcomes were failure rate, induction–abortion interval, and need for surgical intervention. Various side effects and patients’ subjective assessment of comfort with the route of administration were also studied. Success rate at 24 h of sublingual (86 %) group was higher compared to oral (64 %) group (P = 0.011). Complete abortion rate of sublingual (76 %) group was higher than that of oral (48 %) group (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the failure rate and need for surgical intervention in the three groups. Induction–abortion interval in sublingual (9.8 ± 3.6 h) and vaginal (10.6 ± 2.9 h) groups was shorter than that in oral group (14.3 ± 3.3). Diarrhea occurred significantly more in the oral group (28 %) and sublingual (22 %) compared to vaginal group (6 %). Fever was significantly higher in vaginal (36 %) than that in the oral group (12 %). Oral route of administration was most comfortable. Sublingual route results in significantly higher abortion rate compared to oral route. Vaginal route has efficacy similar to sublingual route.
The culture of disclosure: Effects of perceived reactions to disclosure on posttraumatic growth and distress in Japan.

this study examined the effects of disclosure about a highly stressful event and perceived social reactions to the disclosure on posttraumatic growth (PtG) and distress. Participants (395 Japanese university students) reported on their most traumatic life event that had occurred less than 10 years previously. those who had disclosed about their events provided open-ended descriptions of the per ceived social reactions they received. the reactions were coded using two different classifications: a global categorization (Positive, Negative, and other), and then a more precise assignment to 7 categories (Sympathizing, encouraging, listening, Mutual disclosing, being confused, Not taking it seriously, and other). PtG was higher in those who disclosed about the event. in addition, those who perceived their recipients' reactions as involving mutual disclosure reported higher PtG than those who reported reactions of being confused, and higher distress than those who reported reactions of listening, encouraging, and sympathizing. these findings point to the importance of disclosure and of perceived recipients’ reactions to disclosure in the PtG and distress processes.
Catherine Opie: American Photographer, American Pervert

In this brief essay, I review Catherine Opie's midcareer retrospective at the Guggenheim focusing on 3 of her self-portraits that elaborate on her leatherdyke identity. Interpreting these works through the scholarship of Ann Cvetkovich and the literature of Dorothy Allison, I read the progression from Self-Portrait/Cutting to Self-Portrait/Pervert to Self-Portrait/Nursing as a photographic argument regarding how sexuality can be generatively constituted through traumatic experience.
Analysis of a synchronization and scheduling discipline for real-time tasks with preemption constraints

An examination is made of the problem of guaranteeing, on a uniprocessor, response times to sporadic tasks with preemption constraints. The preemption constraints arise from the fact that tasks require exclusive access to shared software resources during portions of their computations. The primary objective is to determine conditions under which it is possible to guarantee a response time to each task which is less than or equal to the task's minimum interexecution request time. An analysis is made of three different characterizations of a task's resource requirements. It is shown that for restricted patterns of resource usage, there exist synchronization and scheduling disciplines which are optimal for executing these tasks. >
Some challenging issues arising in the design of communication antennas - Large and small

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some challenging problems that we typically face when designing communication antennas, whether they are large or small. We illustrate these problems by considering consider some real-world examples, which we have come across recently when designing communication antennas, belonging to both large and small categories.
Calcium signalling in cells of oligodendroglial lineage.

Intracellular Ca2+ is the key signal that regulates the efficacy of neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity in neurons but is also an important second messenger involved in the signal transduction and modulation of gene expression in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Glial cells, including cells of oligodendroglial (OLG) lineage, are capable of responding to extracellular stimuli via changes in the intracellular Ca2+. This review article focuses on the mechanisms of Ca2+ signalling in cells of OLG lineage with the goal of providing the basis for understanding the relevance of receptor- and non-receptor-mediated signalling to oligodendroglial development, myelination, and demyelination. Conclusions to date indicate that cells of OLG lineage exhibit remarkable plasticity with regard to the expression of ion channels and receptors linked to Ca2+ signalling and that perturbation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:672–679, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hurricane Wind Retrieval Algorithm Development for a Conical Scanning Airborne Scatterometer

This paper presents the description of a data processing algorithm to provide near real-time wind retrievals (wind speed and direction) for hurricanes. This procedure uses conically scanning airborne microwave scatterometer measurements of ocean surface backscatter to infer the surface wind parameters. The algorithm is developed to best suit the specifications for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division's airborne scatterometer - integrated wind and rain airborne profiler (IWRAP). A summary of the wind retrieval algorithm design is presented. The wind retrieval performance is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, whereby radar backscatter measurements are simulated with noise and used to infer the surface wind conditions in a simulated hurricane wind field
Identifying and removing error in hierarchical cost estimates

Abstract The ability to estimate the manufacturing cost of a product proves to be critical through all phases of the development cycle. When developing an estimate, the two components of the process, the equations which estimate the cost and the data supplied to those equations may both contribute error to the estimate. The error associated with input data can be identified through risk analysis. Error in the equations can be identified through calibration with historical data. This paper presents a methodology for applying these two error identification techniques in a hierarchical cost estimation tool.
Two-parameter power-variable-training STAP

Airborne ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radars must employ a method of radar clutter mitigation to separate moving objects from stationary ground clutter. Two-parameter, power variable training STAP effectively combines two distinct STAP methods to improve clutter suppression, target detection, and angle estimation. Power variable training STAP utilizes a clutter covariance scaling factor to prevent clutter overnulling and undernulling that can degrade radar performance. Two-parameter STAP augments power variable training STAP by implementing an adaptive clutter projection null for the highest power clutter, thus limiting breakthrough clutter discretes while preserving MDV. Results are illustrated with radar data collected from the Tuxedo airborne radar.
Role of Predeformation in the Modification of Crack Tip Oxidation Resistance

The effects of predeformation on the high temperature, low frequency crack growth rate of wrought Alloy 718 is investigated. A series of crack growth experiments were carried out on specimens with different levels of deformation, in addition to specimens in the as received conditions. The experiments included continuous measurements of the crack length and its near field crack tip displacements, fractographic analysis of fracture surface facets and qualitative estimation of the slip density in the crack tip region. Furthermore the thickness of surface oxide layers formed during the fracture process was determined using Auger Spectroscopy. Results of this study show that predeformation enhances the crack tip resistance to environmental effects. This result has been analyzed on the basis of the concept that the deformation-associated slip line density controls the chromium oxide build up taking place along the effected grain boundaries in the crack tip region.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
The architecture of US policing: variations among the 50 states

This article describes how the structure of US policing varies greatly among the 50 states. The states differ substantially in their levels of police employment, the degree to which their police systems are fragmented, and the extent to which they rely on different types of police agencies, such as local police, sheriffs, and state police. The article classifies the states along these dimensions and suggests avenues for further research. In particular, it would be useful to know whether these different structures make any difference in police efficiency or effectiveness.
Ultrastructural effects of topical tretinoin on dermo-epidermal junction and papillary dermis in photodamaged skin. A controlled study

We examined the effects of daily topical application of 0.05% tretinoin cream on photodamaged Caucasian facial skin by electron microscopy. Specimens obtained pretreatment, after 6 and 12 months of tretinoin therapy (20 patients), and after 6 months of vehicle treatment (5 patients) were compared in a blinded fashion, with special attention to the dermoepidermal junction and papillary dermis. Baseline specimens disclosed various degrees of damage including reduplication of basal lamina, smudging and sparsity of collagen fibers, and nodular arrangement of degenerated microfibrils in the papillary dermis. No significant changes were observed at 6 months in the papillary dermis of either tretinoin-treated or vehicle-treated patients. After 12 months of tretinoin treatment, however, disorganized collagen fibers, which were conspicuous in 11 patients at baseline, were replaced by new well-organized collagen fibers in a wavy pattern in 6 patients. In addition, the amount of nodularly degenerated microfibrillar material decreased in 15 of 18 patients with this finding at baseline. In contrast, no significant change was noted in the number of anchoring fibrils per unit length of the lamina densa. These observations provide further evidence that topical treatment with 0.05% tretinoin produces papillary dermal reconstruction, for which more than 6 months of application were required.
Models of family functioning and their contribution to patient outcomes in chronic pain

This paper analyzes the relationship between family functioning and chronic pain, and evaluates a model which integrates the role of family variables with the pain-coping process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). Family variables, assessed by subscales of the Family Environment Scale (FES), and different components of the pain-coping process varied significantly in their contribution to pain, psychological functioning, and disability in these two chronic pain disorders. High system maintenance control and low independence contributed significantly to pain in RA and FM, respectively, while low family cohesiveness contributed to psychological disturbances in FM subjects. Lack of promotion of activity and recreation in the family was associated with greater disability in both groups. In addition to family variables, helplessness proved to be a potent predictor of pain and psychological functioning in both groups, and disability in FM subjects. Pain-coping had its predominant influence on pain. As an exploratory test of the model, the data confirm the importance of examining this integrated framework in longitudinal, prospective studies, and its potential utility in clinical assessment and intervention.
A scaling law for membrane permeabilization with nanopulses

Experimental studies of plasma membrane permeabilization, caused by single, intense, submicrosecond square wave pulses, indicate that the product of electric field amplitude and pulse duration (the electrical impulse) can be considered a similarity or scaling factor. A model based on the hypothesis that the intensity of membrane permeabilization effects is linearly dependent on the electric charge transferred through the permeabilized membrane, provides results, which are consistent with the empirical observations. For multiple pulses, bioelectric effects caused by ultrashort pulses were found to scale with the square root of the pulse number. This square root dependence on the pulse number points to a statistical motion of cells between pulses with respect to the applied electric field, and can be explained using an extension of the random walk statistical results to random rotations. Besides membrane permeabilization, the scaling law has also been shown to hold for secondary bioelectric effects, which are caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane or subcellular membranes.
Cramer-Rao bounds on angle estimation with a two-dimensional array

Cramer-Rao variance bounds are derived for azimuth and elevation estimates made with a planar array. A necessary and sufficient condition on the array geometry which ensures that these estimates uncouple is presented. As examples, a line array which does not satisfy this condition and a planar array which does satisfy this condition are examined. It is impossible to estimate both azimuthal and elevation angles with a line array. The planar array example presents an important special case for which uncoupled estimation is achieved. This basic array configuration of concentric circular subarrays can be used to synthesize arrays which yield uncoupled estimates of azimuth and elevation. >
The “Trickle‐Down Effect” of Dental Implants

Patients increasingly seek implant-supported restorations that can be delivered as quickly and non-invasively as possible. Many also prefer to avoid wearing a removable prothesis after tooth extraction. Implants that are placed immediately in fresh extraction sockets and provisionalized immediately serve these goals and have high survival rates; however, questions have remained about the aesthetics achievable for such implants. This article reviews a protocol for achieving a high level of aesthetic success for implants placed in fresh anterior maxillary extraction sockets and immediately provisionalized. A clinical case presentation illustrating this approach is presented.
Glucose-6-phosphatase-β, implicated in a congenital neutropenia syndrome, is essential for macrophage energy homeostasis and functionality

Glucose-6-phosphatase-β (G6Pase-β or G6PC3) deficiency, also known as severe congenital neutropenia syndrome 4, is characterized not only by neutropenia but also by impaired neutrophil energy homeostasis and functionality. We now show the syndrome is also associated with macrophage dysfunction, with murine G6pc3(-/-) macrophages having impairments in their respiratory burst, chemotaxis, calcium flux, and phagocytic activities. Consistent with a glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) metabolism deficiency, G6pc3(-/-) macrophages also have a lower glucose uptake and lower levels of G6P, lactate, and ATP than wild-type macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and membrane translocation of p47(phox) are down-regulated, and G6pc3(-/-) macrophages exhibit repressed trafficking in vivo both during an inflammatory response and in pregnancy. During pregnancy, the absence of G6Pase-β activity also leads to impaired energy homeostasis in the uterus and reduced fertility of G6pc3(-/-) mothers. Together these results show that immune deficiencies in this congenital neutropenia syndrome extend beyond neutrophil dysfunction.
Decisions and memory: Differential retrievability of consistent and contradictory evidence

Three experiments are reported that investigate the effect of decision-making on memory. In Experiment 1, subjects were found to recall, following a delay, more facts that supported decisions they had made concerning three texts than facts that contradicted their decisions. Recognition of both types of facts was equivalent, however. The same results were obtained even when recall of both types of facts was equated prior to decision-making (Experiment 2) and when decisional processing was eliminated by simply informing the subject of the correct decision for each text (Experiment 3). On the basis of these results, we concluded that (1) decisions, whether internally generated or externally provided, produce a reorganization of memory traces, (2) this reorganization produces differential accessibility of supporting and contradictory facts, and (3) this differential accessibility produces biased memory performance that can be removed by the use of strong retrieval cues. Two models of memory performance following decision-making are proposed to account for these results.
Supporting predicate routing in DTN over MANET

We consider a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) whose users (nodes) are connected by an underlying Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) substrate. Users can declaratively express high-level policy constraints on how "content" should be routed. For example, content may be diverted through an intermediary DTN node for the purposes of preprocessing, authentication, etc. To support such capability, we implement Predicate Routing [7] where high-level constraints of DTN nodes are mapped into low-level routing predicates at the MANET level. Our testbed uses a Linux system architecture and leverages User Mode Linux [2] to emulate every node running a DTN Reference Implementation code [5]. In our initial prototype, we use the On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) MANET routing protocol. We use the network simulator ns-2 (ns-emulation version) to simulate the mobility and wireless connectivity of both DTN and MANET nodes. We show preliminary throughput results showing the efficient and correct operation of propagating routing predicates, and as a side effect, the performance benefit of content re-routing that dynamically (on-demand) breaks the underlying end-to-end TCP connection into shorter-length TCP connections.
Application of hybridoma technology to the diagnosis of parasitic disease

Recent applications of hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis of parasitic disease are reviewed. Diagnostic tests, utilizing monoclonal antibodies, have included radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to detect parasite antigen in host tissues and body fluids and circulating host antiparasite antibody. In general, the use of monoclonal-derived reagents has greatly increased the specificity of diagnosis by eliminating cross-reactions between closely related parasite species, without suffering a significant loss of sensitivity.
Expression, purification, and in vitro comparative characterization of avian beta-defensin-2, -6, and -12.

SUMMARY The mature peptides of avian β-defensin-2 (AvBD-2), AvBD-6, and AvBD-12 were expressed as 6xHis-tagged recombinant proteins using the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS system. The yields of rAvBD-2, rAvBD-6, and rAvBD-12 were approximately 0.92 mg/L, 1.24 mg/L, and 1.52 mg/L, respectively, of bacterial culture. The antimicrobial activities of rAvBDs were characterized under different salt, nutrient, and pH conditions. At concentrations of 8 µg/ml, 16 µg/ml, and 32 µg/ml, rAvBDs inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. While no synergistic inhibitory activity was found, a significant antagonistic effect was detected between rAvBD-2 and rAvBD-12. Treatment of E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium with rAvBDs diminished their natural resistance to bile salts. Under the nonreplicating low-nutrient condition, rAvBDs at a concentration of 16 µg/ml were able to kill E. coli and S. aureus within 30 min of contact. The antimicrobial activities of rAvBD...
Information Rate of Some Classes of Non-regular Languages: An Automata-Theoretic Approach (Extended Abstract)

We show that the information rate of the language accepted by a reversal-bounded deterministic counter machine is computable. For the nondeterministic case, we provide computable upper bounds. For the class of languages accepted by multi-tape deterministic finite automata, the information rate is computable as well.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence Behaviours of CePO4 and Tb-doped CePO4 Nanostructures

Cerium phosphate (CePO4) and Terbium doped Cerium phosphate (Tb doped CePO4) nanoparticles were synthesized at 180C for different reaction times (6 hrs and12 hrs) by refluxing in water medium. The obtained hydrated samples were dried and then calcinated at 700C for 1hr. The morphology of the calcinated samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The SEM results indicated that CePO4 and Tb doped CePO4 were in nano sized particles. The particle size and structures of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the functional groups were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and band gap was calculated by UV-visible spectroscopy. Thermal behaviour of the as prepared samples was studied by using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Photoluminescence (PL) properties of both CePO4 and Tb doped CePO4 nanoparticles have been investigated and reported.
Overview of the Mars Science Laboratory Cruise Phase System Thermal Vacuum Test

This paper contains an overview of the test program undertaken to validate the thermal design and workmanship integrity of the Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft in its cruise configuration. The MSL spacecraft was environmentally tested in a large thermal vacuum chamber capable of simulating the relevant thermal boundary conditions of deep space. Two spacecraft thermal balances were achieved in test: one for a simulated near Earth cruise environment (hot case), the other for a simulated near Mars cruise environment (cold case). The Mars Science Laboratory cruise phase system thermal vacuum test successfully validated and verified the design and implementation of the Cruise Heat Rejection System— a mechanically-pumped fluid loop used to extract waste heat from the entry, descent, and landing and surface exploration subsystems. Additionally, the cold case thermal performance of the entry propulsion systems and hot case thermal performance of the spacecraft solar arrays were directly validated.
Expectancy Theory Predictions of Salesmen's Performance:

As a result of a lack of empirical investigation, the variance in salesmen's performance attributable to motivational constructs has not been estimated. Vroomian expectancy theory was used to show ...
Abstract SY12-02: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cancer: Opportunities for etiologic research and prevention

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Infections are known to cause approximately one in every five cancers. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), human papillomavirus (HPV), and hepatitis (B & C) infections each account for approximately 5% of cancers each year. Understanding the role of these infections in cancer etiology has led to numerous promising approaches to primary and secondary prevention, including prophylactic vaccination (HPV & HBV), screening (HPV), and treatment (H. pylori & HCV). EBV is a ubiquitous infection that establishes lifelong latency. Infection with EBV has been shown to be linked to the development of a subset of various forms of lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, salivary gland cancers, and gastric cancers, totaling approximately 200,000 new cases each year worldwide. In addition, in countries where first infection with EBV tends to occur in late childhood or early adulthood, EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis (150,000 cases per year in the US alone), a condition that is typically benign but associated with prolonged morbidity. Despite our knowledge that EBV is associated with the development of various cancers, little attention has been placed to date on potential measures to prevent diseases associated with this common infection. In this presentation, our understanding of the link between EBV infection and cancer is summarized, and the potential for applying our knowledge to cancer prevention efforts discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY12-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY12-02
FRI0356 Antibodies to Perforin-Induced Citrullinated Hnrnp A1 Are Associated with Erosive Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Perforin- and complement-induced cell lysis has recently been implicated in the generation of citrullinated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). By activating PADs in target cells, immune-mediated pore-forming pathways induce abnormal protein citrullination in the RA joint. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to identify unique autoantibody reactivities to citrullinated proteins generated by the perforin pathway. Objectives To identify novel perforin-induced autoantigens in RA, and to characterize the antibody response to citrullinated hnRNP A1 (cit-hnRNP A1) in patients with RA. Methods 293T cells transiently transfected to express human PAD2 or PAD4 were incubated with perforin from cytotoxic granule contents (GC) to induce PAD activation. Cellular citrullination was confirmed by anti-modified citrulline (AMC) immunoblotting. Inducible autoantigens generated during perforin-mediated cytolysis were identified by immunoblotting using RA patient sera. Antigen identity was determined by 2D gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (MS). Recombinant hnRNP A1 was expressed in E. coli. Patients with RA (n=196) from a longitudinal cohort study (ESCAPE RA) and healthy controls (n=56) were assayed for IgG antibodies to unmodified and in vitro citrullinated hnRNP A1 by ELISA. Positivity was defined as an arbitrary unit (AU) above the 98th percentile of controls. Anti-cit-hnRNP A1 antibody specificity was determined by subtracting reactivities measured against unmodified hnRNP A1 from reactivities against cit-hnRNP A1. Results 293T cells expressing PAD2 or PAD4 were used to study PAD-isotype specific autoantigen citrullination. A 34-kDa autoantigen inducible in both PAD2- and PAD4-transfected cells was distinctly targeted by RA patient sera (Fig. 1A; GC: perforin-treated cells, NT: untreated controls). MS identified the modified protein as cit-hnRNP A1, and citrullination by both rPAD2 and rPAD4 was confirmed using purified hnRNP A1. Antibody reactivity against cit-hnRNP A1 was detected in 70 (36%) of RA patients vs. only 1 (2%) of controls (p Conclusions These studies identify hnRNP A1 as a citrullinated autoantigen in RA generated during perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Anti-cit-hnRNP A1 antibodies may serve as a novel biomarker associated with mechanisms of joint damage in a subset of RA. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3035
Life History of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the Laboratory

The life history of Lygus hesperus Knight was investigated in a laboratory maintained at 80° ± 2° F., with a 15-hour light day. Bean pods served as food and oviposition hosts. Shell vials were used as rearing cages in which bugs were confined individually. Average durations of the life stages were: egg, 7.1 clays for both sexes; total nymphal, males 13.2 days, females 13.8 days; adult, males 35.2 days, females 43.4 clays. The sex ratio was 113 males to 100 females. Females averaged 9.6 pre-oviposition and 32.2 egg-laying days, and deposited an average of 202.4 eggs per female (maximum, 448 eggs). Under the experimetal conditions oviposition and eclosion occurred throughout the 24-hour day.
George Berkeley and the Jacobite Heresy: Some Comments on Irish Augustan Politics

Prior to this time the Irish philosopher and patriot George Berkeley, author of the celebrated Treatise on the Principles of Human Nature and the ingenious Querist was a member of that same circle and after the breaking of the circle charges of Jacobitism that had been levelled at the members of this brilliant and select group trotted behind his footsteps as he moved through the remaining decades of his life. The following pages are an attempt to explain Berkeley's connections with the Augustan Circle and to mitigate the criticisms brought against him by those opposed to the views of some of that group.
Ancient Cultural Contacts between Ecuador, West Mexico, and the American Southwest: Clothing Similarities

Clothing styles, design motifs, and techniques of cloth production found in codex illustrations and on pottery and extant textile fragments suggest diffusion of culture traits from the northern coast of South America to West Mexico and on into the American Southwest. The non-mesoamerican garments depicted in a West Mexican sixteenth-century manuscript and on mortuary figurines buried more than 1,000 years earlier in an adjacent area find analogs only in styles that were present in Ecuador from 1500 B. C. up to the time of Spanish contact. Clothing and textile design motifs represented on figures found in the West Mexican shaft tombs of Ixtlan del Rio, Nayarit, indicate that these parallels existed as early as 400 B. C. A variety of other data suggest that intermittent maritime contact persisted between Ecuador and West Mexico through the intervening period and into the sixteenth century.
MR Imaging of Acute Abdomen and Pelvis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although not usually the first diagnostic study in assessment of acute abdominal pain, can offer a radiation-free high tissue-contrast resolution alternative to CT. MRI can be particularly useful in assessment of young or pregnant patients, or patients with renal insufficiency precluding administration of intravenous contrast. In this article, we review MRI appearance of a number of acute abdominal and pelvic processes, including hemorrhage and various ischemic, inflammatory, and infectious conditions.
Transient Monte Carlo Simulation of Heterojunction Microwave Oscillators

We have performed self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of GaAs Gunn oscillators to understand how the heterojunction cathode affects the RF performance. We compare two heterojunction cathode oscillators (x=0.23 and z=0.33) to the notch oscillator. We find that the dead zone corresponding to x=0.33 is significantly lower, but this reduction does not produce a corresponding improvement in RF performance relative to the notch oscillator. Moreover, the domain is able to mature so we observe a traveling dipole layer. When the Al mole fraction is decreased to 0.23, we find that the length of the dead zone is almost equal to the notch oscillator and the RF performance is comparable to the notch oscillator. Also, the domain is in the translt accumulation mode, similar to the notch oscillator.
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objectives: Neuropathy and its associated pain pose great therapeutic challenges. While there has been a recent surge in acupuncture use and research, little remains known about its effects on nerve function. This review aims to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of neuropathy of various etiologies. Methods: The Medline, AMED, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, and clintrials.gov databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing acupuncture's efficacy for poly- and mononeuropathy were reviewed. Parallel and crossover RCTs focused on acupuncture's efficacy were reviewed and screened for eligibility. The Scale for Assessing Scientific Quality of Investigations in Complementary and Alternative Medicine was used to assess RCT quality. RCTs with score of >9 and active control treatments such as sham acupuncture or medical therapy were included. Results: Fifteen studies were included: 13 original RCTs, a long-term follow-up, and a ...
Instruction in Computer Modeling Can Support Broad Application of Complex Systems Knowledge

Learners often struggle to grasp the important, central principles of complex systems, which describe how interactions between individual agents can produce complex, aggregate-level patterns. Learners have even more difficulty transferring their understanding of these principles across superficially dissimilar instantiations of the principles. Here we provide evidence that teaching high school students an agent-based modeling language can enable students to apply complex system principles across superficially different domains. We measured student performance on a complex systems assessment before and after one week training in how to program models using NetLogo (Wilensky, 1999a). Instruction in NetLogo helped two classes of high school students apply complex systems principles to a broad array of phenomena not previously encountered. We argue that teaching an agent-based computational modeling language effectively combines the benefits of explicitly defining the abstract principles underlying agent-level interactions with the advantages of concretely grounding knowledge through interactions with agent-based models.
AC AND DC METHODS FOR CORROSION RATE DETERMINATION OF POROUS IMPLANT ALLOYS

ABSTRACT To improve fixation, porous device use in orthopaedics is increasing. With porous metals the increased area means an increased corrosion current. Because of possible biocompatibility problems resulting from this increase, it is important to develop means to test corrosion behavior of porous metals. In the present investigation different techniques are used to predict corrosion current density i of porous materials – Tafel extrapolation, the linear polarization Stern-Geary method, and the AC Electrochemical Impedance technique. The AC method is being increasingly used in corrosion science and has possible advantages for porous materials (IR-drop compensation and area determination without the requirement of a separate measurement). In other studies, we have demonstrated that, in certain cases, implant alloys which are extremely highly stressed can corrode at greater rates than unstressed alloys. In the present study both stressed and unstressed samples have been tested. The main conclusions to be drawn from these studies are that the AC impedance method is a useful tool for corrosion testing of implant alloys and that porous, stressed material can in some circumstances release metal ions in much greater amounts compared to equivalent unstressed, smooth surfaces.
The Struggle to Be Seen: Social Movements and the Public Sphere in Brazil

This paper analyzes how community movement activity in three popular neighborhoods in Belem, Brazil, shaped the dynamics of contention in the public sphere. Popular social forces, elite actors, and the state mutually influence each other across three moments of public interaction: it clarifying popular discourse, it the struggle to be seen, and routine politics. The article reverses the usual picture in movement research, which emphasizes movements as organizational outcomes to be explained, and instead builds on a body of research that explores how movements can contribute to broader processes of political change.
A Qualitative Study Identifying Key Components to Standardize Across Inpatient General Medicine Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

Objective. To identify common components of inpatient general medicine advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) across sites, determine which components were important to standardize, and distinguish a benchmark of each component that would indicate standardization.Methods. In-depth interviews about the student experience were conducted with two students and one or more preceptors at each of 12 inpatient general medicine sites in the greater Seattle metropolitan area. Data from transcribed interviews were analyzed, then collapsed into a single spreadsheet for comparison. Overall themes for component groups were identified and components within each theme tested for importance in overall quality of the student experience. Components important for quality of the student experience were deemed “key components” and component metrics were developed for benchmarking.Results. Three themes were essential in the quality of the learning experience at inpatient general medicine sites: welcoming of the student ...
Low Cloud Cover Sensitivity to Biomass-Burning Aerosols and Meteorology over the Southeast Atlantic

AbstractShortwave-absorbing aerosols seasonally cover and interact with an expansive low-level cloud deck over the southeast Atlantic. Daily anomalies of the MODIS low cloud fraction, fine-mode aer...
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Computed Tomography

There have been considerable advances in cardiovascular cross-sectional imaging techniques. These include cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and computed tomography (CT)—electron beam CT (EBCT) and multidetector CT (MDCT). EBCT generates a cross-sectional scan through the chest within a fraction of a second. It is widely used as a means of detecting calcium in the coronary arteries and providing evidence of atherosclerotic disease. This application is presently controversial, as to date, the available data do not yet support the utility of EBCT-detected coronary artery calcium as a diagnostic or prognostic indicator of ischemic heart disease. EBCT has several other potential uses, however, which will be discussed in this chapter.
Dense Planar-Inertial SLAM with Structural Constraints

In this work, we develop a novel dense planar-inertial SLAM (DPI-SLAM) system to reconstruct dense 3D models of large indoor environments using a hand-held RGB-D sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The preinte-grated IMU measurements are loosely-coupled with the dense visual odometry (VO) estimation and tightly-coupled with the planar measurements in a full SLAM framework. The poses, velocities, and IMU biases are optimized together with the planar landmarks in a global factor graph using incremental smoothing and mapping with the Bayes Tree (iSAM2). With odometry estimation using both RGB-D and IMU data, our system can keep track of the poses of the sensors even without sufficient planes or visual information (e.g. textureless walls) temporarily. Modeling planes and IMU states in the fully probabilistic global optimization reduces the drift that distorts the reconstruction results of other SLAM algorithms. Moreover, structural constraints between nearby planes (e.g. right angles) are added into the DPI-SLAM system, which further recovers the drift and distortion. We test our DPI-SLAM on large indoor datasets and demonstrate its state-of-the-art performance as the first planar-inertial SLAM system.
The Haitian Revolution and the Early United States edited by Elizabeth Maddock Dillon and Michael Drexler

Dillon, Elizabeth Maddock, and Michael Drexler, eds. The Haitian Revolution and the Early United States . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
Correction to: Synthesis of Tinbergen’s four questions and the future of sociogenomics

This article is a part of the topical collection “Social complexity: patterns, processes, and evolution”. For this reason, though it was originally inadvertently published in 2018, in Vol. 72, Issue 12, citation ID 186, it has now been reassigned and republished in 2019, in Vol. 73, Issue 1, citation ID 186.
Adaptive reuse of unconventional spaces for performance: Music in a museum and opera in a warehouse

Taking a space designed for one purpose and creating an acoustically sound space for musical performance presents unique challenges. A local opera company has undertaken two projects that involve such modifications for this performance season and have sought guidance on the unique acoustic complications involved. The first project was a percussive musical playground in a large art museum, adjacent to sound-sensitive exhibits. The second involved the adaptation of an existing warehouse into a space suitable for the performance of a ballet-opera. Researchers worked with set designers early in the process and throughout set construction. In order to better understand the spaces, impulse responses were taken and analyzed. Impulse response measurement results, acoustic models with suggested modifications, and auralizations at key listening positions are presented to address unique challenges associated with these unconventional spaces. An emphasis has been placed on reaching target values for reverberation time within limited time and resource constraints. Additionally, sound isolation for the two spaces has been addressed with special regard to adjacencies and noises in industrial downtown locations.
Indirect colonial rule and the salience of ethnicity

Abstract Why is ethnicity more salient in some contexts than in others? This paper provides new theory and evidence linking indirect colonial rule to the contemporary salience of ethnicity in sub-Saharan Africa. Using Afrobarometer survey data, I establish a substantively significant cross-national relationship between the indirectness of colonial rule and the strength of contemporary ethnic identification in sub-Saharan Africa. To show that this relationship is causal, I then exploit a sub-national research design leveraging regional variation in direct and indirect colonial rule across the country of Namibia. I show that, controlling for location and ethnicity, indirect colonial rule is also associated with stronger ethnic identification within Namibia both across the country as a whole and within 50 km of the border dividing indirectly and directly ruled areas of Namibia. This paper then disentangles why indirect rule is so robustly associated with the salience of ethnicity. I theorize and provide evidence that the effects of indirect rule can be attributed to the greater importance of traditional leaders and ethnically demarcated customary land rights in formerly indirectly ruled areas. As such, this paper helps uncover the causes of important regional variation in the salience of ethnicity, advances our understanding of the institutional origins of ethnic conflict in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and thus why indirect colonial rule is so often associated with poor developmental outcomes.
STUDIES OF CONTROLLED REPERFUSION AFTER ISCHEMIA: XI. Reperfusate composition: Interaction of marked hyperglycemia and marked hyperosmolarity in allowing immediate contractile recovery after four hours of regional ischemia

This study tests the hypothesis that improved muscle salvage after prolonged ischemia (4 hours) occurs when the substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution is markedly hyperglycemic (>400 mg/dl) and markedly hyperosmotic (>400 mOsm). Thirty-five dogs underwent 4 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion during total vented bypass with substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution, in which the glucose concentration and osmolality were varied in relation to one another. Spontaneous systolic shortening recovered consistently (31 ± 6%) only when glucose was >400 mg/dl and osmolality was >400 mOsm. The least recovery occurred (only one of six dogs recovering spontaneous shortening) when cardioplegic glucose was 400 mOsm) and glucose (>400 mg/dl) improve the capacity of substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution to salvage myocardium after prolonged ischemia.
There's an App for That; Improving Communication during Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Introduction Waiting while a loved one is in surgery can be a very stressful time. Current processes for updating families vary from institution to institution. Providing timely and relevant updates, while important to the family, may strain a surgical team's operational system. In our initial experience with the Electronic Access for Surgical Events (EASE) application (app), we tested the extent to which its implementation improved communication with patient families. Methods We compared compliance data collected pre-EASE (December 2013 through September 2014) and post-EASE implementation (October 2014 until December 2015). Results Although the pre-EASE compliance rate for bi-hourly updates was 46% (118/255) of cases, post-EASE implementation achieved a compliance rate of 97% (171/176). A 2-sample test of proportions confirmed a significant improvement in compliance after the introduction of EASE technology (P 2 hours after the last update to the family. We also observed noncompliance at the beginning of the case (46/177, 26%), when the patient arrived in the operating room > 2 hours before the time of the first update. Family satisfaction scores that rated their experience during surgery as "Very Good" improved from 80% pre-EASE implementation to 97% postimplementation. We sustained this improvement for 1 year. Conclusions A mobile technology app (EASE) improved both frequency and compliance with surgical updates to families, which resulted in a statistically significant increase in family satisfaction scores.
Automated analysis of dried urine spot (DUS) samples for toxicology screening.

Abstract Background Dried specimens have been proposed in multiple environments to minimize costs associated with specimen storage and shipping in clinical studies. This report describes the development and validation of an automated method for qualitative toxicology screening of dried urine samples using LC–MS/MS. Methods Urine standards containing 41 compounds were prepared and applied to filter paper cards. Dried urine was eluted from the cards using a Dried Blood Spot (DBS) autosampler from Spark Holland, which was plumbed inline with a Thermo Scientific Turboflow chromatography system for subsequent MS/MS detection with selected reaction monitoring . Limits of detection, precision of peak areas, repeatability, and carryover studies were conducted. Concordance with a reference LC–MS/MS method using liquid samples was evaluated using remnant discarded specimens. Results The limit of detection ranged from 5 to 75 ng/mL for most compounds. At the LOD for each analyte, the peak area precision ranged from 8 to 29%. For 20 repeat injections of samples spiked at ±25% of the LOD, there was a 4% false positive rate for the 75% × LOD samples, and a 0.4% false negative rate for the +125% × LOD samples. In comparing 40 known positive specimens analyzed with the DUS method and a liquid urine reference method, there was 88% agreement. Analysis of 10 known negative specimens yielded negative results. There was no significant carryover detected up to 2000 ng/mL for any of the analytes in the assay. Conclusion Using a robotic DUS sampling an inline HTLC–MS/MS system, we have developed and validated a fully-automated and robust method for multi-analyte detection of drugs of abuse in dried urine specimens.