cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Completeness before Post: Bernays, Hilbert, and the Development of Propositional Logic

Some of the most important developments of symbolic logic took place in the 1920s. Foremost among them are the distinction between syntax and semantics and the formulation of questions of completeness and decidability of logical systems. David Hilbert and his students played a very important part in these developments. Their contributions can be traced to unpublished lecture notes and other manuscripts by Hilbert and Bernays dating to the period 1917–1923. The aim of this paper is to describe these results, focussing primarily on propositional logic, and to put them in their historical context. It is argued that truth-value semantics, syntactic (“Post-”) and semantic completeness, decidability, and other results were first obtained by Hilbert and Bernays in 1918, and that Bernays's role in their discovery and the subsequent development of mathematical logic is much greater than has so far been acknowledged.
Automatic generation of a 3-D solid model of a microfabricated structure

The automatic construction of a 3-D solid model from a specification of mask layout and process sequence is demonstrated. The process sequence consists of planar deposition and masked etch. The generated 3-D solid model is directly usable by mechanical CAD software and is used to do a deformation analysis of the structure. An overview of the CAD system is given, and the structure simulator is described in detail. >
Target-Setting Practice for Loans for Commercial Energy-Retrofit Projects

AbstractOvercoming the financial barriers to energy-efficiency (EE) investments requires efforts to explicitly evaluate energy-related risks during the commercial loan underwriting. To support such efforts, the objective of this paper is to suggest a novel target-setting practice that borrowers and lenders collaboratively can use during the early stages of an energy-retrofit project. The practice uses a simulation called energy retrofit loan analysis model (ERLAM) to determine the target-building performance and the allowable cost for design and construction. Using a case study of an energy-retrofit project, this paper demonstrates use of ERLAM by evaluating the effect of two identified energy-related uncertainties (project-cost risk and operational-practice risk) on the financial performance of the investment. This target-setting practice can help project parties gain greater understanding and early confidence in the feasible size and terms of a loan before moving to design development. As a result, the ...
Relationships Among Parental Involvement, Music Aptitude, and Musical Achievement of Instrumental Music Students:

This study examined relationships among selected aspects of parental involvement, music aptitude, musical achievement, and performance achievement. Subjects were 113 wind instrumentalists from four...
On the role of seizure activity in the hippocampal damage produced by trimethyltin

Abstract Trimethyltin (TMT) causes a pattern of hippocampal damage in rats that is similar to that caused by convulsant chemicals or seen in the brains of some human epileptics. Therefore, we investigated the possible role that TMT-induced seizure activity might play in the hippocampal damage produced by this organotin. The morphologic effects of systemically administered TMT were compared to those of kainic acid given by the same route. Unlike kainate, TMT produced seizures in only a subset of treated animals and with a latency of days rather than minutes. Evaluation of morphology during the acute seizure period revealed that TMT-induced seizures were associated with a variable pattern of granule and pyramidal cell necrosis and acute dendritic swelling in the two associational/commissural hippocampal pathways, one from CA3 to CA1–CA3 and the other from the hilus to the proximal dendrites of dentate granule cells. The TMT-induced damage contrasted sharply with the acute pattern of kainate-induced damage that consisted of acute dendritic swellings in the distal granule cell dendrites, hilus and mossy fiber region. TMT-treated rats that did not exhibit seizures in the one week after injection exhibited minimal pathology during this period. These results suggest that at least part of the damage to granule and pyramidal cells produced by TMT is mediated by the seizure activity produced by this compound. Although the resulting lesions to the CA1–CA3 pyramidal cells may appear similar in both TMT-and kinate-treated rats long after injection, evaluation of acute pathology during the active seizure phase indicates that these compounds induce seizure activity in different hippocampal pathways and cause different patterns of irreversible neuronal damage as a result.
Environment or earth sangha: Buddhist perspectives on our global ecological well-being

The question of whether Buddhism supports and fosters an active concern for our ecological well-being continues to be a theme of lively interest, especially given the heightened awareness, helped b...
X-ray Observations of Pulsars

This article presents the results of an analysis of X-ray data from NP0532. Limits on X-ray pulsations from five galactic X-ray sources and ten radio pulsars are also given.
Evaluation of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate as a Potential Catfish Egg Disinfectant

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) in improving the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus when used as a prophylactic chemotherapeutant during egg incubation. In the first experiment, the efficacy of SCP was evaluated in 379-L aluminum incubation troughs similar to those used in commercial hatcheries. Egg masses treated daily with 254 mg of SCP/L of water had significantly higher mean hatching success than untreated controls, and a pathogen-inhibiting effect was also evident (i.e., no gross infection was observed on the treated egg masses). In the second experiment, the hatching success of egg masses treated daily with 254 mg/L was compared with that of egg masses treated daily with hydrogen peroxide (70 mg/L). The effects of both treatments on the pH, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the trough were also examined. Both SCP and hydrogen peroxide significantly improved hatching success. Unlike i...
One-dimensional physics in transition-metal nanowires: Renormalization group and bosonization analysis

We study the one-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard model with general local interactions including a pair-hopping term. The model might be realized in one-dimensional transition-metal nanowires. Phase diagrams at $T=0$ are obtained by numerical integration of renormalization group equations and bosonization. Particular attention is paid to the effects of orbital degeneracy (or near degeneracy), interactions favoring locally high-spin configurations, and velocity differences. Dynamical symmetry enlargement and duality approaches are employed to determine ground states and to understand quantum phase transitions between them. An important result is that the pair-hopping term and associated orbital symmetry can lead to new insulating states. The ground state for the spin-polarized case is also discussed.
Solvent Extraction of Transuranium Elements

Abstract Steady-state and unsteady-state digital computer programs, processed on an IBM 7072 computer, were used to obtain the concentration profiles for hydrochloric acid, curium, americium, and europium for a 16-stage liquid-liquid extraction process which is the final purification step in the production of curium 244. The equilibrium data were in the form of empirical equations which were suitable for the computer solutions. The steady-state program, a trial-and-error procedure based on a mass balance and an equilibrium and efficiency condition written for each stage, was used to investigate the effect of changing the system variables on the separation. The unsteady-state program is based on mass balances and an equilibrium condition for each stage and was used to obtain the unsteady-state buildup of the transuranium concentration profiles for a step change in the transuranium feed concentrations.
Three-dimensional MRI With an Undersampled Spherical Shells Trajectory

The shells trajectory is a 3D data acquisition method with improved efficiency compared to Cartesian sampling. It is a true center-out trajectory that does not repeatedly resample the center of k-space, and also offers advantages for motion correction. This work demonstrates that k-space undersampling can be combined with the shells trajectory to further accelerate the acquisition. The undersampling was implemented by removing selected interleaves from shells with larger radii. Because only the outer portion of k-space was undersampled, the artifacts introduced were of low energy and high spatial frequency. The undersampling rate was determined by a Kaiser window with a variable shape parameter β. Various undersampling schemes with different β values were examined. Phantom and volunteer studies demonstrate that when up to a twofold acceleration is achieved, only minor artifacts are introduced by undersampling the shells trajectory. For a fixed acquisition time, the improved efficiency can be used to increase spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Should I stay or should I go? The role of risk in employee turnover decisions

The decision to leave a job has long been infused with risk for the worker deciding whether or not to leave the organization. However, the role of risk in employee turnover decisions has been largely unexplored in the turnover literature. This article integrates concepts from the turnover and risk literatures to better understand the decision processes of workers contemplating the decision to leave a job. The article offers two studies that investigate the impact of risk perceptions and turnover risk propensity on that decision. Study 1, a field study based on a sample of 155 US service workers in the gaming industry, shows that risk perceptions and propensity for risk moderate the relationship between turnover intentions and turnover behavior. Study 2, a laboratory experiment based on a sample of 222 working students, explores the role of framing and social influences on perceptions of risk and individual tendencies for risk-taking in a turnover context. Findings from Study 2 suggest that positive framin...
Surface morphology of human aorta as revealed by the scanning electron microscope.

Human aorta was prepared for scanning electron microscopy using critical point drying. The aortic surface is lined by a continuous layer of squamous endothelial cells. The luminal surface of these cells contains many microvilli or microappendages and pinocytotic vesicles. In addition, at the periphery of each cell, larger marginal appendages or microfolds are present which allow the observer to see the cell boundaries clearly. The marginal folds are superficial to the cell junctions and could be observed without any staining procedures. These observations on human aorta are generally in agreement with our findings on the rabbit and guinea pig aorta and vena cava but are in contrast to others who have reported the presence of ridges, intercellular bridges, and “hair-like” processes on the endothelial surfaces.
Does risk-sensitivity transfer across movements?

An intriguing finding in motor control studies is the marked effect of risk on movement decision making. However, there are inconsistent reports of risk-sensitivity across different movements and t...
Dynastic Cycle: A Resource Allocation Theme for Addressing Dissent In Universities

This paper utilizes the dynastic cycle framework proposed in (K. Saeed & Pavlov, 2008) to explain the role of dissent in universities. By combining the dissent expression framework (Kassing, 2011) and the dynastic cycle structure, we construct a generic model for dissent in organizations. The work is rooted in the literature of organizational communication, research and development, and higher education management. Using system dynamics methodology, we illustrate the dynamic interaction of composition, climate, and performance to simulate and explain how organizations evolve with regard to dissent. This model provides a platform for experimentation with different policy scenarios focusing on growth and productivity. The research suggests that as universities attempt to improve their performance through growth, despite initial short-term performance improvements, they are likely to devolve into low performance institutions with degraded management responsiveness and organizational productivity. Regardless of having high dissent tolerance, they could become dominated by high control and silence climates. When organizations invest in cultivating a dissent aware climate, and strive to improve their dissent processing capability, we suggest that the university and its members will be more productive and engaged.
EMScope: A Continental Scale Magnetotelluric Observatory and Data Discovery Resource

EMScope, a component of the NSF Earthscope project, is installing a 70 km-spaced grid of long-period magnetotelluric stations across the USA. Rapid data quality control and generation of derived data products provides an accessible resource openly available without charge or restriction through the IRIS Data Management Center and EMScope data portals via a set of data discovery tools. These data are available typically within two weeks of acquisition. Initial 3-d inversion of such EMScope data from the US Pacific Northwest shows substantial coherence between crust and mantle electrical conductivity variations, the boundaries of major physiographic provinces, and seismically delineated features.
The dominance theory of Haldane's rule.

"HALDANE's rule" states that, if species hybrids of one sex only are inviable or sterile, the afflicted sex is much more likely to be heterogametic (XY) than homogametic (XX). We show that most or all of the phenomena associated with HALDANE's rule can be explained by the simple hypothesis that alleles decreasing hybrid fitness are partially recessive. Under this hypothesis, the XY sex suffers more than the XX because X-linked alleles causing postzygotic isolation tend to have greater cumulative effects when hemizygous than when heterozygous, even though the XX sex carries twice as many such alleles. The dominance hypothesis can also account for the "large X effect," the disproportionate effect of the X chromosome on hybrid inviability/sterility. In addition, the dominance theory is consistent with: the long temporal lag between the evolution of heterogametic and homogametic postzygotic isolation, the frequency of exceptions to HALDANE's rule, puzzling Drosophila experiments in which "unbalanced" hybrid females, who carry two X chromosomes from the same species, remain fertile whereas F1 hybrid males are sterile, and the absence of cases of HALDANE's rule for hybrid inviability in mammals. We discuss several novel predictions that could lead to rejection of the dominance theory.
Astrocyte chemoreceptors: mechanisms of H+ sensing by astrocytes in the retrotrapezoid nucleus and their possible contribution to respiratory drive

Central chemoreception is the mechanism by which CO2/pH-sensitive neurons (i.e. chemoreceptors) regulate breathing, presumably in response to changes in tissue pH. A region of the brainstem called the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is thought to be an important site of chemoreception; select neurons (i.e. chemoreceptors) in this region sense changes in CO2/H+ and send excitatory glutamatergic drive to respiratory centres to modulate the depth and frequency of breathing. Purinergic signalling may also contribute to chemoreception; for instance, it was shown in vivo that CO2/H+ facilitates ATP release within the RTN to stimulate breathing, and recent evidence suggests that CO2/H+-sensitive RTN astrocytes are the source of this purinergic drive to breathe. In this review, we summarize evidence that RTN astrocytes sense changes in CO2/H+, identify mechanisms that are likely to confer CO2/H+ sensitivity to RTN astrocytes, including inhibition of heteromeric Kir4.1–Kir5.1 channels and activation of a depolarizing inward current generated by the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, and discuss the extent to which astrocytes contribute to respiratory drive.
Collective phenomena in high-energy nuclear collisions

Abstract I review experimental studies of collective phenomena in p + A and A + A collisions presented in the Quark Matter 2014 conference.
A bioenergetics model to evaluate demographic consequences of disturbance in marine mammals applied to gray whales

While sophisticated tools are used to monitor behavioral changes of large marine vertebrates, determining whether these changes are meaningful for management and conservation is challenging. The Population Consequences of Disturbance model proposed a bioenergetics model to detect biologically meaningful population responses, where disturbance costs are linked to lost energy. The model assumes that changes in behavior, caused by disturbance, compromise maternal condition, reducing energy delivery to offspring, leading to reduced reproduction, increased offspring mortality, and eventually increased adult mortality. Given its coastal habits and past whaling history, gray whales' (Eschrichtius robustus) life history and ecology are better known than for many other baleen whales. However, their preference for coastal habitat increases their exposure to human disturbance. We created a female gray whale bioenergetics model to determine energy requirements for a two-year reproductive cycle and determined the cons...
Evaluation of Dimebon in cellular model of Huntington's disease

Background Dimebon is an antihistamine compound with a long history of clinical use in Russia. Recently, Dimebon has been proposed to be useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders. It has demonstrated efficacy in phase II Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) clinical trials. The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial actions of Dimebon in AD and HD remain unclear. It has been suggested that Dimebon may act by blocking NMDA receptors or voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and by preventing mitochondrial permeability pore transition.
Troubleshooting in Robotic Colorectal Surgery

Over the last few years, robotics has emerged from the field of minimally invasive surgery as a technique capable of addressing some of the difficulties associated with traditional laparoscopic colorectal surgery. As with any new technology, robotics presents new challenges and requires technical troubleshooting by experienced surgeons. This article reviews the technical issues that are commonplace in colorectal robotic procedures and describes available solutions.
Evaluation of clinical prognostic models for suicide attempts after a major depressive episode

Objective: In this study, we compare the performance of prognostic models of increasing complexity for prediction of future suicide attempt. Method: Using data from a 2-year prospective study of 304 depressed subjects, a series of Cox proportional hazard regression models were developed to predict future suicide attempt. The models were evaluated in terms of discrimination (the ability to rank subjects in order of risk), calibration (accuracy of predicted probabilities of attempt), and sensitivity and specificity of risk group stratification based on cross-validated predicted probabilities. Results: Although an additive model with past attempt, smoking status, and suicidal ideation achieved 75% (cross-validated) sensitivity and specificity, models that performed best in terms of discrimination included interactions between predictor variables. Conclusion: As several models had similar predictive power, clinical considerations and ease of interpretation may have a significant role in the final stage of model selection for assessing future suicide attempt risk.
Unraveling Bias From Student Evaluations of Their High School Science Teachers

In this study, the evaluation of high school biology, chemistry, and physics teachers by their students is examined according to the gender of the student and the gender of the teacher. Female teachers are rated significantly lower than male teachers by male students in all three disciplines, whereas female students underrate female teachers only in physics. Interestingly, physics is also the field that suffers the greatest lack of females and has been criticized most for its androcentric culture. The gender bias in teacher ratings persists even when accounting for academic performance, classroom experiences, and family support. Furthermore, male and female teachers in each discipline appear equally effective at preparing their students for future science study in college, suggesting that students have a discipline-specific gender bias. Such a bias may negatively impact female students and contribute to the loss of females in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. C
Binding Partners for the UL11 Tegument Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

The product of the U(L)11 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a 96-amino-acid tegument protein that accumulates on the cytoplasmic face of internal membranes. Although it is thought to be important for nucleocapsid envelopment and egress, the actual function of this protein is unknown. Previous studies focused on the characterization of sequence elements within the UL11 protein that function in membrane binding and trafficking to the Golgi apparatus. Binding was found to be mediated by two fatty acyl groups (myristate and palmitate), while an acidic cluster and a dileucine motif were identified as being important for the recycling of UL11 from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus. The goal of the experiments described here was to identify and characterize binding partners (viral or cellular) of UL11. Using both immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays, we identified a 40-kDa protein that specifically associates with UL11 from infected Vero cells. Mutational analyses revealed that the acidic cluster and the dileucine motif are required for this association, whereas the entire second half of UL11 is not. In addition, UL11 homologs from pseudorabies and Marek's disease herpesviruses were also found to be capable of binding to the 40-kDa protein from HSV-1-infected cells, suggesting that the interaction is conserved among alphaherpesviruses. Purification and analysis of the 40-kDa protein by mass spectrometry revealed that it is the product of the U(L)16 gene, a virion protein reported to be involved in nucleocapsid assembly. Cells transfected with a UL16-green fluorescent protein expression vector produced a protein that was of the expected size, could be pulled down with GST-UL11, and accumulated in a Golgi-like compartment only when coexpressed with UL11, indicating that the interaction does not require any other viral products. These data represent the first steps toward elucidating the network of tegument proteins that UL11 links to membranes.
The Role of Models in Secondary Science Instruction

This article reviews common curricular alternatives for addressing the needs of secondary students with learning disabilities in science. For the most part, special education strategies for modifying science materials reflect generic techniques. Support for these methods is based on the argument that they place relatively few demands on teachers. Moreover, these methods readily apply to the commercial texts used in general and special education classrooms, however, the increasing complexity of secondary materials, as well as the call for a richer understanding of science. Make techniques like direct instruction, mnemonics, and graphic organizers less tenable. A curriculum revision method that emphasizes models and context-rich problem solving is proposed as a contemporary alternative.
Plant mimicry: evolutionary constraints

Because plants are sessile and their flowers and fruits are aggregated, plant mimics are less likely to be mistaken for their models than animal mimics which are mobile and dispersed among their models. Therefore, operator species are more likely to be deceived by animal mimics than plant mimics. In addition, the autonomy of plant appendages implies that warning mimicry provides less advantage to plants than to animals because plants suffer less from sampling by naive operators. Therefore, the advantage of warning mimicry is much greater for animals than plants. These reasons may explain why plant mimicry is less common than animal mimicry, based on attraction of rather than avoidance by operator species, and limited to the class of aggressive mimicry.
Reflections on CAEME software and new developments towards software implementation in classroom teaching

The NSF/IEEE Center for Computer Applications in Electromagnetics Education (CAEME) has been in operation for two years. It has funded 19 software development projects, organized several workshops and special sessions, and published a book that includes diskettes and videos of the developed software. Features of the first CAEME software book are reviewed and procedures for its integration in classroom teaching are discussed. Specific examples illustrating the use of modern technologies such as interactive video to help develop educational aids to integrate CAEME software in classroom teaching are demonstrated. >
Geochemical and mineralogical evidence from eolian sediments for northwesterly mid-Holocene paleowinds, central Kansas, USA

A prominent (4500 km2) dune "eld in the Great Plains is the Great Bend Sand Prairie of south-central Kansas. Dunes here overlie late Quaternary alluvium and were reactivated extensively in the late Holocene. Geomorphic and soil evidence suggests that the most likely eolian sand source is the Arkansas River valley to the northwest. Nevertheless, orientations of stabilized dunes indicate that the most recent dune-forming winds came from the south or southwest, in agreement with modern wind data. Mineralogy and trace element concentrations in eolian sands of the Great Bend Sand Prairie are similar to those of the Arkansas River, which permits the Arkansas River as a sediment source. Ca and Sr abundances, which re#ect small amounts of carbonate minerals, are higher in Arkansas River sand compared to eolian sands and show a systematic depletion away from the Arkansas River to the southeast. These trends are likely due to carbonate mineral depletion downwind from abrasion and size reduction. Thus, paleowinds probably were northwesterly during initial deposition. Northwesterly winds occur today when dry, Paci"c-derived air is dominant. We hypothesize that the residence time of this air mass was much greater while dunes initially formed, possibly during a warmer and drier mid-Holocene period. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
A Qualitative Inverse Scattering Method for Through-the-Wall Imaging

Imaging methods that are able to detect targets located behind a wall and monitor their motion have recently gained an increasing attention. To pursue this aim, we propose a qualitative inverse scattering approach based on the linear sampling method, which is a computationally effective nonapproximated shape-reconstruction strategy. In particular, we describe the formulation of the method for the through-the-wall scenario for both the case of static and dynamic targets. The results of a numerical analysis are reported as a preliminary assessment of the achievable performances.
Improved Satellite Transmitter Harness Attachment Technique

TECNICA MEJORADA DE SUJECION DEL ARNES DE UN TRANSMISOR SATELITAL La telemetria satelital a menudo requiere de la sujecion de un transmisor en el ave utilizando un arnes de configuracion tipo mochila. El calce apropiado del arnes sobre el ave es esencial para un despliegue efectivo y para el bienestar de las aves. Presentamos una tecnica mejorada de sujecion del arnes que emplea un remache barato y disponible de forma inmediata. Este metodo reduce el tiempo de manipulacion y permite a los investigadores ajustar las guias del arnes de forma rapida y luego asegurarlas eficientemente sin coser, enroscar o pegar con plastico caliente.
The Radicalism of Felix Holt : George Eliot and the Pioneers of Labor

George eliot's felix holt the radical discusses a figure of enormous importance in the social history of Britain and the United States: the labor pioneer, that is, the person who consciously dedicates his or her whole life to long-term activity in the working class. Eliot, I argue, is the first important writer to recognize the significance of this figure and invest it with moral value. In doing so, she upends the tradition bequeathed by earlier “industrial novels” by recognizing, along with the labor pioneer, the permanence of class divisions and the political independence of the working class. Further, in heroizing the figure who struggles for the future of a new social class, Eliot departs from the reliance on “the authority of the past” or the stress on culture in general that have been seen as keys to her work.
PARENTERAL PLASMA PROTEIN MAINTAINS NITROGEN EQUILIBRIUM OVER LONG PERIODS

Proteinuria in normal dogs can be produced at will by parenteral injections of dog plasma. As the plasma injections are continued the plasma protein concentration rises and at some point protein begins to appear in the urine. The level of plasma protein concentration at which proteinuria appears in normal dogs ranges from 9.6 to 10.4 gm. per cent. This may be termed the renal threshold for proteinuria. Repeat experiments in the same dog show threshold levels to be practically identical. An interval of days (4 to 26 days) has been noted between the start of plasma protein injections and the appearance of the proteinuria. Larger doses of plasma shorten this interval and the critical plasma protein level is attained sooner. Considerable amounts of protein may appear in the urine—298 gm. protein during a 52 day period in one instance studied—yet the urine clears in 1 to 4 days after cessation of protein injections. Autopsy shows undamaged kidneys. Maximal levels of plasma protein concentration range from 10.0 to 11.5 gm. per cent. The highest levels are usually associated with maximal output of protein in the urine. It seems clear that plasma proteins readily pass cell barriers (or membranes) within the body, including the endothelium and epithelium of the renal glomerulus.
A SLA framework for QoS provisioning and dynamic capacity allocation

Any QoS scheme must be designed from the perspective of pricing policies and service level agreements (SLAs). Although there has been enormous amount of research in designing mechanisms for delivering QoS, its applications has been limited due to the missing link between QoS, SLA and pricing. Therefore the pricing policies in practice are very simplistic (fixed price per unit capacity with fixed capacity allocation or pricing based on peak or 95-percentile load etc.). The corresponding SLAs also provide very limited QoS options. This leads to provisioning based on peak load, under-utilization of resources and high costs. We present a SLA based framework for QoS provisioning and dynamic capacity allocation. The proposed SLA allows users to buy a long term capacity at a pre-specified price. However, the user may dynamically change the capacity allocation based on the instantaneous demand. We propose a three tier pricing model with penalties (TTPP) SLA that gives incentives to the users to relinquish unused capacities and acquire more capacity as needed. This work may be viewed as a pragmatic first step towards a more dynamic pricing scenario. We solve the admission control problem arising in this scheme using the concept of trunk reservation. We also show how the SLA can be used in virtual leased-line service for VPNs, and Web hosting service by application service providers (ASPs). Using Web traces we demonstrate the proposed SLA can lead to more efficient usage of network capacity by a factor of 1.5 to 2. We show how this translates to payoffs to the user and the service provider.
Acute downregulation of ENaC by EGF involves the PY motif and putative ERK phosphorylation site.

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the renal collecting duct, where it constitutes the rate-limiting step for sodium reabsorption. Liddle's syndrome is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the β and γ subunits of ENaC, resulting in enhanced Na reabsorption and hypertension. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes acute inhibition of Na absorption in collecting duct principal cells via an extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–dependent mechanism. In experiments with primary cultures of collecting duct cells derived from a mouse model of Liddle's disease (β-ENaC truncation), it was found that EGF inhibited short-circuit current (Isc) by 24 ± 5% in wild-type cells but only by 6 ± 3% in homozygous mutant cells. In order to elucidate the role of specific regions of the β-ENaC C terminus, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines that express β-ENaC with mutation of the PY motif (P616L), the ERK phosphorylation site (T613A), and C terminus truncation (R564stop) were created using the Phoenix retroviral system. All three mutants exhibited significant attenuation of the EGF-induced inhibition of sodium current. In MDCK cells with wild-type β-ENaC, EGF-induced inhibition of Isc ( 30 min), EGF-induced inhibition of Isc was not reversed by an ERK kinase inhibitor and was accompanied by a decrease in ENaC surface expression. Our results are consistent with an ERK-mediated decrease in ENaC open probability and enhanced retrieval of sodium channels from the apical membrane.
Density-Dependent Population Growth

We now return to strictly ecological questions. We have remarked earlier that our models and common sense imply that exponential growth cannot continue forever. As illustrated by the growth of collared doves in Great Britain (Figure 2.3), growth of natural populations cannot be exponential forever, and eventually approaches zero. Similarly, the number of sheep in Tasmania increased after introduction in a fashion that could be considered exponential, but then the numbers reached an approximate equilibrium (Figure 4.1). In this chapter we return to the fundamental question of the causes and consequences of regulation of population growth.
Changing Patterns in Reflux Care: 10-Year Comparison of ABEA Members.

Objectives:To compare patterns of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) diagnosis and management over time by American Broncho-Esophagological Association (ABEA) members.Methods:American Broncho-Esophagological Association members completed an online questionnaire focused on LPR evaluation and management in 2012; responses were compared to a 2002 survey.Results:Four hundred twenty-six members were emailed, of whom 63 (14.8%) responded. In both time periods, throat clearing, heartburn, globus, arytenoid edema, and erythema were considered highly related to LPR. Management in 2012 differed as respondents more commonly treated LPR empirically (82.6% vs 56.3%, P = .036). When adjunctive testing was ordered, dual pH probe were less frequently utilized in 2012 (61.5% vs 78.3%, P = .029). Either esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) was used more often in 2012 compared to EGD alone in 2002 (63.8% vs 42.4%, P = .020). Dual pH probe was regarded as the most sensitive and specific evaluation f...
Creating a Sense of a Collaborative Learning Community with Google

This study explored the use of the Google+ social networking site as part of an asynchronous learning network developed for a Management Information Systems (MIS) course. It aimed to see if Google+ is a viable tool to promote a sense of community and social presence among undergraduate students in an online course. Social presence is one way to measure sense of community. The community of inquiry model stipulates that the social presence that a participant projects socially and emotionally as a "real" person in the online medium is a critical component in an online course's success. The study found that Google+ Community was well received by the students. Many students had not been familiar with Google+, nor had they created a website prior to this class. Student feedback indicates that using Google+ and creating their own websites generated a positive synergistic effect that contributed to a sense of a collaborative learning community in this online MIS course.
EVIDENCE OF HIV-1 DNA IN PERITONEAL EFFLUENT OF CHILDREN WITH HIV NEPHROPATHY ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. 2207

EVIDENCE OF HIV-1 DNA IN PERITONEAL EFFLUENT OF CHILDREN WITH HIV NEPHROPATHY ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. 2207
Anomalous singularities in Faddeev and reduced relativistic final-state equations

Relativistic Faddeev equations with one particle in the two-particle integrations off mass shell are shown to extract certain anomalous singularities. The kernel of the two-«particle» equations with the quasi-particle off mass shell to which these Faddeev equations reduce can be simply approximated because of this result.
Geographic isolates of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus: genome sequence analysis and pathogenicity against European and Asian gypsy moth strains.

Isolates of the baculovirus species Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus have been formulated and applied to suppress outbreaks of the gypsy moth, L. dispar. To evaluate the genetic diversity in this species at the genomic level, the genomes of three isolates from Massachusetts, USA (LdMNPV-Ab-a624), Spain (LdMNPV-3054), and Japan (LdMNPV-3041) were sequenced and compared with four previously determined LdMNPV genome sequences. The LdMNPV genome sequences were collinear and contained the same homologous repeats (hrs) and clusters of baculovirus repeat orf (bro) gene family members in the same relative positions in their genomes, although sequence identities in these regions were low. Of 146 non-bro ORFs annotated in the genome of the representative isolate LdMNPV 5-6, 135 ORFs were found in every other LdMNPV genome, including the 37 core genes of Baculoviridae and other genes conserved in genus Alphabaculovirus. Phylogenetic inference with an alignment of the core gene nucleotide sequences grouped isolates 3041 (Japan) and 2161 (Korea) separately from a cluster containing isolates from Europe, North America, and Russia. To examine phenotypic diversity, bioassays were carried out with a selection of isolates against neonate larvae from three European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) and three Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica) colonies. LdMNPV isolates 2161 (Korea), 3029 (Russia), and 3041 (Japan) exhibited a greater degree of pathogenicity against all L. dispar strains than LdMNPV from a sample of Gypchek. This study provides additional information on the genetic diversity of LdMNPV isolates and their activity against the Asian gypsy moth, a potential invasive pest of North American trees and forests.
Microbial Decolorization Treatment on Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

Mixed bacterial strain was isolated from printing and dyeing wastewater and the sludge by concentration method. It can be used to treat printing and dyeing wastewater by decolorization After being cultured. There are distinct effects under the anaerobic condition with mixed bacterial strain. The best conditions are 0.45g/l of carbamide, 0.25g/l of yeast, 30 degree of temperature, 7 of pH, and 1.25 percent of inoculation. Average decolorization rate is more than 70 percent with activated char as stable carrier of the bacterial strain when the rate of flow is 6 ml/min.
A Tribute to Bunky at 125: A Comprehensive Bibliography of E. M. Jellinek’s Publications

Objective:E. M. Jellinek is considered one of the founders of alcohol science. On the 125th anniversary of his birth, the authors wish to contribute to existing, incomplete bibliographies of his work by offering a more comprehensive bibliography that includes his non–alcohol-studies publications as well as newly discovered alcohol-related items.Method:After we reviewed the two existing Jellinek bibliographies, records were checked against the full-text items to correct errors and discrepancies. This led to the consolidation of the two bibliographies as well as the discovery of various reprints and republished titles. Based on the authors’ parallel biographical investigations into Jellinek’s lesser researched past, it was established that he had started his scientific career much earlier than previously documented. Additional publications attributed to E. M. Jellinek under various names were sought, located, and collected from geographically diverse sources in several languages, with the help of an interna...
Variable clinical presentation in lysosomal storage disorders

Summary: Extensive clinical heterogeneity is seen in lysosomal storage disorders, regarding the age of onset and severity of symptoms, the organs involved, and effects on the central nervous system. A broad phenotypic spectrum is seen, for example, in mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler/Scheie disease), Gaucher disease, the severalforms of GM2-gangliosidosis and the different manifestations of β-galactosidasedeficiency (GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio disease type B). Variable clinical expression of the same enzyme defect is not well understood. The presence of different mutations is only part of the explanation, as intrafamilial variability is observed in many cases. Other mechanisms, for example the effect of specific activators, may also have an influence on phenotype.
A Coaching by Telephone Intervention for Veterans and Care Team Engagement (ACTIVATE): A study protocol for a Hybrid Type I effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Introduction A large proportion of deaths and many illnesses can be attributed to three modifiable risk factors: tobacco use, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity. Health risk assessments (HRAs) are widely available online but have not been consistently used in healthcare systems to activate patients to participate in prevention programs aimed at improving lifestyle behaviors. Objectives The goal of this study is to test whether adding telephone-based coaching to use of a comprehensive HRA increases at-risk patients' activation and enrollment into a prevention program compared to HRA use alone. Methods Participants were randomized to either complete an HRA alone or in conjunction with a telephone coaching intervention. To be eligible Veterans had to have at least one modifiable risk factor (current smoker, overweight/obese, or physically inactive). The primary outcome is enrollment and participation in a prevention program by 6 months. Secondary outcomes include change in a Patient Activation Measure and Framingham Risk Score. Discussion This study is the first to test a web-based health risk assessment coupled with a health coaching intervention within a large healthcare system. Results from this study will help the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implement its national plan to include comprehensive health risk assessments as a tool to engage Veterans in prevention. The results will also inform health systems outside VHA who seek to implement Medicare's advisement that health risk assessment become a mandatory component of care under the Affordable Care Act.
Where Does the Money Go? Awareness of Federal Duck Stamp Fund Expenditures Among Illinois Waterfowl Hunters

The Federal Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp, known colloquially as the “duck stamp,” came into existence with the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act of 1934. This Act r...
Modeling and Simulation of Deciduous Forest Canopy and Its Anisotropic Reflectance Properties Using the Digital Image and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) Tool

Extraction of biophysical information from forest canopies using temporal analysis of multispectral and hyperspectral data can be significantly improved by understanding its anisotropic reflectance properties. However, limitations on the accessibility and data collection techniques in the field reduce the availability of high-resolution bidirectional reflectance measurements (BRDF) to a few datasets. These limitations can be mitigated in a virtual environment and this paper presents an approach to model the spectral BRDF of a forest canopy using the Digital Image and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) tool. The three-dimensional geometries of the trees were modeled using forest inventory data and OnyxTree, while the spectral properties of the geometric elements were assigned based on the field collected spectra and PROSPECT inversion model. The DIRSIG tool was used as a virtual goniometer to measure the BRDF observations for varying sun-view geometries and a full hemispherical BRDF model was constructed by fitting the measurements to a semiempirical BRDF model. This paper discusses the methods involved in modeling the forest canopy scene, sensitivity of the radiative transfer, BRDF sampling and modeling strategies, model accuracy and its effect on real-world simulations. The model fit results indicate a root mean square error of less than 5% relative to the forests reflectance in the VIS-NIR-SWIR region. The simulated BRDF matched to within 2% of the Landsat-8 surface reflectance product in the red and NIR bands. The results can be used directly to evaluate BRDF modeling algorithms and the proposed method can be easily extended for other biomes.
Epilepsy clocks in

Circadian CLOCK gene expression is reduced in human epileptic brain tissue, and its deletion is epileptogenic in mice.
Disabling reenactment imagery after violent dying

Reenactment imagery that remains fixating after violent dying is associated with diminished psychological resilience. The nonresilient teller struggles to maintain an integrative orientation within the recounting. Reestablishing the resilient capacities of pacification (mastery of terror through self-calming), partition (mastery of intrusive thoughts through self-differentiation), and perspective (mastery of self-determination through self-transcendence) is an important preparatory goal with intervention. Without these resilient capacities, premature exposure increases the risk that patients will experience a dysfunctional merger with the possessive reenactment representation. A preliminary model of resilient "offenses" to be reinforced in the traumatized subject as a first stage of intervention is presented.
Design of human centered augmented reality for managing chronic health conditions

Abstract Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to support older people with chronic health conditions. However, despite the engineering advances, more attention is needed for the human–computer interaction (HCI) and human factors aspects of AR. We highlight one health area of particular complexity and importance for older adults, type 2 diabetes, and show how AR could be applied to assist older patients beyond the reach of current health technologies. We draw from the literature on the HCI of AR and combine it with the well-established literature of age-related changes in perception, cognition, and movement-control to produce draft principles for the design of AR to benefit health at older ages.
A Reexamination of the Intake Procedure

The perspectives of both client and worker are presented in an examination of some aspects of their interaction in the process of application