cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive Behavioral Systems Approach to Family Therapy

Family therapy, including conjoint approaches to couples, families, and parent-child dyads, is infused with concepts adapted from general systems theory. Many of the most popular models during the period when family therapy flourished in the 1960s and 1970s directly incorporated systems theory. As modifications and new approaches came into vogue in the 1980s and 1990s, the contributions of systems concepts were eclipsed and theorists, researchers, and practitioners often failed to acknowledge their contribution. In an attempt to re-integrate these developments in state-of-the-art family therapy, this article will explore systems theory, its complementary characteristics with cognitive behavioral therapy, and how these 2 approaches can be simultaneously applied to family therapy in a comprehensive, integrative manner. The distinctions between cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and (combined) cognitive behavioral therapy will be delineated; after which cognitive behavioral therapy interventions and thei...
New algorithms for convex set constrained signal reconstruction

The problem of signal reconstruction from linear measurements and convex set constraints is addressed in this paper. The currently popular POCS algorithm suffers from slow convergence and non-unique limits, whereas the recently proposed faster converging Newton algorithm requires projection onto the intersection of convex sets. In this paper, new algorithms, that retain the simplicity of the POCS algorithm, but have increased generality, and superior convergence rates, are presented. Superior convergence rates are achieved by incorporating derivative information using recent results on the differentiability of the projection operator onto a convex set. Efficient implementation of these algorithms using conjugate-gradient iterations for matrix inversion, make them suitable for large-scale problems. Computer simulations demonstrating the effectiveness of these algorithms, are also presented.
Zur Kristallstruktur von K2ZnO2

Die Kristallstruktur von K2ZnO2 wurde bestimmt: Orthorhombisch, D–Ibam, a = 5,967 A, b = 10,48 A, c = 5,402 A [Z = 4 mit dro = 3,45 und dpyk = 3,36g · cm−3]. Zn in 4(a), K[0,368; 0,153; 0] und O [0,197; −0,092; 0] je in 8(j); [MoKα-Strahlung, R = 0,077 und R′ = 0,079 fur 53 von 54 moglichen (hk0); R = R′ = 0,087 fur 27 mogliche und beobachtete (0kl)]. Drehkristall- und WEISSENBERG-Aufnahmen nach [010], Precessionaufnahmen nach [100] und [001]. Beschreibung der Struktur, insbesondere unter Anwendung der “Polyedermethode”. The crystal structure of K2ZnO2 is elucidated: Orthorhombic, D–Ibam, a = 5,967, A, b = 10.48, c = 5.402 A [Z = 4 with dro = 3.45 and dpyk = 3.36g · cm−3]. Zn in 4 (a), K[0.368; 0.153; 0] and O [0.197; −0.092; 0] each in 8(j); [MoKα-radiation, R = 0.077 and R′ = 0.079 fur 53 von 54 possible (hk0); R = R′ = 0.087 for 27 possible and observed (0Kl)]; Rotation and WEISSENBERG photographs [010], precession photographs [100] and [001]. Discussion of the structure, especially by means of the “method of polyhedra”.
Distal splenorenal shunt vs. portal‐systemic shunt: Current status of a controlled trial

A prospective controlled comparison of portal-systemic (PSS) and distal splenorenal shunts (DSRS) in cirrhotic patients who had survived hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices was undertaken 5 yr ago at five hospitals by the Boston-New Haven Collaborative Liver Group. The clinical and endoscopic criteria for massive hemorrhage were satisfied in 155 patients. Thirty-four patients were excluded, primarily because of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Thirty-four were rejected because they were poor operative risks and 21 because they did not satisfy criteria. Thirteen patients refused to participate; the remaining 53 were randomized; 29 to receive PSS and 24, DSRS. The two groups were similar in clinical, laboratory, and manometric characteristics. The DSRS group was older and tended to have had more previous hemorrhages. Followup ranged from 1 to 56 months (mean 21). After PSS, which was performed by 10 different surgeons, 6 patients died during the hospital admission (21%) compared to 2 after DSRS (12%). There were 6 late deaths in the PSS group and 4 in the DSRS group. Portal-systemic encephalopathy occurred in 5 of the 23 survivors of PSS (23%), and in 6 of the 19 who survived DSRS (32%). Two patients in the PSS group bled (9%), 1 after thrombosis and 1 after stenosis of the shunt. Three patients in the DSRS group bled (16%) and all had thrombosis of the shunt. PSS was associated with an unexplained but inordinately high operative mortality. Although the DSRS was accomplished with an acceptably low operative mortality, it was associated with frequent portal-systemic encephalopathy, shunt occlusion, and recurrent hemorrhage. Similar incidences of portal-systemic encephalopathy, shunt occlusion, and recurrent hemorrhage were observed in the PSS group. More patients and longer followup are necessary to determine which of these portal decompressive procedures is superior.
Relativity and Timing in X-ray Pulsar Navigation

XNAV is a technology demonstration involving many organizations that will use photons from X-ray pulsars for navigation and spacecraft attitude determination. This paper summarizes relativistic effects in the context of XNAV. It also characterizes the primary task in the time domain of realizing an on-board master clock that time-tags detected X-ray photons with sufficient accuracy to permit meaningful navigation solutions. XNAV must first estimate the periods of uncatalogued X-ray pulsars to determine suitable candidate pulsars for navigation. This task will use an efficient search algorithm to determine the pulsar period from a sensor aimed at the pulsar. As a part of this search and catalogue task, an accumulator that integrates photon counts will compute average counts per sampling time interval, in time bins that are small compared to the pulsar's period. This operation is dubbed the pulsar profiler function. It is intended to build a reference or standard profile of a chosen pulsar for later use. The search and catalogue need to be sufficient for navigation based on times-of-arrival of pulsar signals in real time vs. the on-board reference clock. Operationally, the timing module locates in time the highest peak (or other defined phase center) in the group velocity of received, periodic plane-wave pulses from catalogued pulsars. The goal is to permit navigation accuracy approaching 100 m. This will be accomplished by cross-correlation of catalogued profiles to incoming profiles based on X-ray sensor data collected in real time.
Is GIS for Women? Reflections on the critical discourse in the 1990s

(2002). Is GIS for Women? Reflections on the critical discourse in the 1990s. Gender, Place & Culture: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 271-279.
Pore formation and removal in solution-processed amorphous arsenic sulfide films

article i nfo This paper studies the formation of nanopores in solution-processed amorphous arsenic sulfide films and provides an effective method to remove such pores. Nanopores are observed mainly in the bulk of the film after being annealed above 120 °C, and pore sizes are determined to increase with both baking temperature and duration. These observations are explained by a vacancy coalescence mechanism in the context of propylamine solvent. By adding a second solvent, ethylenediamine (EDA), to the original solution, we can es- sentially modify the material dissolution and annealing chemistry. Most pores are removed when 10% EDA is added, rendering a homogeneous film. The work presented here has great implications for improving the quality of optical chalcogenide components processed with solution methods. It also reinforces the pore for- mation mechanism that has been relevant to many solution-processed materials.
Large Tandem Accelerators

The increasing importance of energetic heavy ion beams in the study of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and materials science has partially or wholly motivated the construction of a new generation of tandem accelerators designed to operate at maximum terminal potentials in the range 14 to 30 MV. In addition, a number of older tandem accelerators are now being significantly upgraded to improve their heavy ion performance. Both of these developments have reemphasized the importance of negative heavy ion sources. The new large tandem accelerators are described, and the requirements placed on negative heavy ion source technology by these and other tandem accelerators used for the acceleration of heavy ions are discussed. First, a brief description is given of the large tandem accelerators which have been completed recently, are under construction, or are funded for construction, second, the motivation for construction of these accelerators is discussed, and last, criteria for negative ion sources for use with these accelerators are presented.
Refiguring Translation in Religious Studies

This paper examines how Derrida’s “generalized translation” is taken up as posing the fundamental theoretical question underpinning Mandair’s book. Tracing Mandair’s understanding of translation through Saiko’s concept of co-figuration, this article examines the Kantian origins of this understanding and then details how Derrida departs radically from these origins in his account of the untranslatability of religion. Derrida, by distinguishing generalization from difference and repetition, offers an account of difference that is not simply repeated in non-Christian traditions but which is already irreducibly present within each.
A New Acontine Skink from Zambia (Scincidae: Acontias Cuvier, 1817)

Abstract A new, medium-sized limbless Acontias lizard is described from Zambia. The new species is characterized by a concealed eye, four chin shields bordering the mental, 14 scale rows around midbody, and a unique coloration of a dark dorsum and a pale ventrum. The species is similar to its congener Acontias jappi, but distinct in aspects of pholidosis, and was assigned to the genus Acontias using external morphological as well as osteological characters. The specimen was collected on Kalahari sands at Kataba Forest Reserve in the western part of the country.
Altered emotion regulation capacity in social phobia as a function of comorbidity

Social phobia (SP) has been associated with amygdala hyperreactivity to fear-relevant stimuli. However, little is known about the neural basis of SP individuals' capacity to downregulate their responses to such stimuli and how such regulation varies as a function of comorbid depression and anxiety. We completed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study wherein SP participants without comorbidity (n = 30), with comorbid depression (n = 18) and with comorbid anxiety (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 15) were scanned while completing an affect labeling emotion regulation task. Individuals with SP as a whole exhibited a reversal of the pattern observed in healthy controls in that they showed upregulation of amygdala activity during affect labeling. However, subsequent analyses revealed a more complex picture based on comorbidity type. Although none of the SP subgroups showed the normative pattern of amygdala downregulation, it was those with comorbid depression specifically who showed significant upregulation. Effects could not be attributed to differences in task performance, amygdala reactivity or right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC) engagement, but may stem from dysfunctional communication between amygdala and RVLPFC. Furthermore, the particularly altered emotion regulation seen in those with comorbid depression could not be fully explained by symptom severity or state anxiety. Results reveal altered emotion regulation in SP, especially when comorbid with depression.
Challenge Paper: Validation of Forensic Techniques for Criminal Prosecution

With the growing interest in developing techniques specifically geared towards digital forensic analysis we must begin considering requirements for legal admissibility in the design and development of these techniques. Doing so now will ensure that techniques and capabilities developed by the forensic research community have wide applicability validity
Approximate uniform shrinkage prior for a multivariate generalized linear mixed model

Multivariate generalized linear mixed models (MGLMM) are used for jointly modeling the clustered mixed outcomes obtained when there are two or more responses repeatedly measured on each individual in scientific studies. Bayesian methods are widely used techniques for analyzing MGLMM. The need for noninformative priors arises when there is insufficient prior information on the model parameters. The main aim of the present study is to propose an approximate uniform shrinkage prior for the random effect variance components in the Bayesian analysis for the MGLMM. This prior is an extension of the approximate uniform shrinkage prior proposed by Natarajan and Kass (2000). This prior is easy to apply and is shown to possess several nice properties. The use of the approximate uniform shrinkage prior is illustrated in terms of both a simulation study and osteoarthritis data.
Characterization of the n-GaAs/SnNi/Ni/Au ohmic contact

Analysis of the SnNi/Ni/Au ohmic contact to n-type GaAs is presented. Properties of high-quality ohmic contacts such as low specific contact resistance and current-voltage linearity are discussed with respect to the alloyed SnNi/Ni/Au ohmic contact. The effects of changing such processing parameters as alloying time and metal concentration and of including a Pt diffusion barrier are considered. An outline of techniques used to measure the specific contact resistance of ohmic contacts is presented. A comparison is made between two specific contact resistance determination techniques: the conventional transfer length method (TLM) and the more physically intuitive sandwich structure (which is used in this investigation). The analysis indicates that the TLM provides a convenient first-order approximation to the contact resistance, whereas the sandwich structure provides a more accurate value because the effects of current crowding along the periphery of the contact are eliminated. >
Talking Race: Facilitating Critical Conversations in Educational Leadership Preparation Programs.

In the field of education, critical conversations focusing on race and race relations are of primary importance given the continued inequities within our society. Statistically, public schools cont...
Cantharellus tabernensis: A new species from the southeastern United States

A new species, Cantharellus tabernensis, is described from mixed pine and hardwood forests of southern Mississippi. A yellowish brown pileus with a dark brown disk and a bright orange hymenophore and stipe morphologically separate this chanterelle from other species. The new species is shown to have a long internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, consistent with other Can? tharellus species. Restriction fragment length poly? morphism analysis of the 5' end of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit gene supports the status of C. ta? bernensis as a distinct species.
United States Hypocritical Trade Remedy Laws Are Not So Sweet

This paper discusses the barriers trade remedy laws, specifically antidumping laws, impose on free trade by using the Mexico-U.S. sugar dispute as a primary example.
Organotin Derivatives of α-[XIIIW9O33]9- (X = As, Sb) Heteropolytungstates. Solution- and Solid-State Characterization of [{(C6H5Sn)2O}2H(α-AsW9O33)2]9- and [(C6H5Sn)3Na3(α-SbW9O33)2]6-

The tris(phenyltin)-substituted tungstoantimonate(III) Cs6[(PhSn)3Na3(alpha-SbW9O33)2].20H2O (1) and the tetrakis-(phenyltin)-substituted tungstoarsenate(III) Na9[[(PhSn)2O]2H(alpha-AsW9O33)2].20H2O (2) have been prepared by reaction of phenyltin trichloride with Na9[alpha-SbW9O33].19.5H2O and Na9[alpha-AsW9O33].19.5H2O, respectively, in aqueous solution. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography, multinuclear NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 13.7952(1) A, b = 22.3133(2) A, c = 34.4493(2) A, beta = 90.933(1) degrees, and Z = 4. Anion 1 has nominal D3h symmetry and contains three PhSn3+ groups and three sodium ions sandwiched between [alpha-SbW9O33]9- units. Crystals of 2 are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 15.272(6) A, b = 15.303(6) A, c = 16.760(7) A, alpha = 93.59(3) degrees, beta = 106.187(19) degrees, gamma = 112.23(3) degrees, and Z = 1. Anion 2 has nominal C2h symmetry and contains four PhSn3+ groups sandwiched between two [alpha-AsW9O33]9- units.
Ventriloquism, Indifference, Beyond

In the early 1960s Marshall McLuhan made the following argument about AI: Any process that approaches instant interrelation of a total field tends to raise itself to the level of conscious awareness, so that computers seem to ‘think.’ In fact, they are highly specialized at present, and quite lacking in the full process of interrelation that makes for consciousness. Obviously, they can be made to simulate the process of consciousness, just as our electric global networks now begin to simulate the condition of our central nervous system. But a conscious computer would still be one that was an extension of our consciousness, as a telescope is an extension of our eyes, or as a ventriloquist’s dummy is an extension of the ventriloquist.1
Space-Time Processing with Photorefractive Volume Holography Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Publisher Summary Spatial and temporal holography in photorefractive materials can process four-dimensional (4D) information, which, in addition to the three spatial coordinates, also includes the temporal evolution of optical signals. Photorefractive volume holographic materials provide the medium necessary for recording and reconstruction of such 4D optical information carrying signals in real time. The photorefractive volume holography with ultrashort optical pulse signals is useful for a variety of novel applications such as optical space–time information processing, three-dimensional (3D) optical storage, and optical interconnections. This chapter reviews the basic principles of such holographic techniques. The spatial and the temporal domain holography are also discussed. Space–time photorefractive volume holography is introduced as well with a special emphasis on its application for free-space-to-guided-wave optical interconnections.
The Historic Cityscape and the Unified Nation

In May 1996, two months into my field research in the small East German city of Eisenach, a fortuitous turn of the television dial led me to an episode of Ostalgie (East-algia), a comedy series aired on the regional station Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk. The title—a term coined for East Germans’ supposed nostalgia for socialism—suggested that it might serve as an important cultural text for an anthropologist investigating German national identity after unification. The show’s main characters, Frau Bahnert and Herr Zieschong, are exaggerated versions of the Ossi or “eastie” stereotype: naive bumpkins with dowdy clothing and thick Saxon accents. The show uses these comic characters to poke fun at East Germans’ attempts to adapt to everyday life in unified Germany, but also the (West German) order into which easterners were incorporated in 1990.2
Compact X-Band High Gradient Photoinjector and Accelerator for Compton Scattering

The advent of X-band vacuum technologies has allowed for the construction of compact electron beam sources able to deliver 60 MeV ultra-short bunches previously only realizable in large scale national laboratories. Using a novel frequency selection scheme a titantium: sapphire laser oscillator serves as both optical source for the photoinjector and master clock for the microwave components. Additionally the table-top laser amplifiers, also seeded by the oscillator, are inherently synchronized to the RF sources. This allows for a simplified collinear Compton scattering X-ray source tunable from 10 to 80 keV. Successful operation of the system has demonstrated initial signs of Compton X-rays.
Future benefits and cost-effectiveness of prostate carcinoma screening. American Cancer Society.

BACKGROUND: Estimates of cost-effectiveness for prostate carcinoma screening require a review of current data, modeling efforts, and perspectives on societal impact and costs. METHODS: Recent data from the cancer registry of the Michigan Department of Community Health was assessed for incidence trends in relation to age groups and racial differences. Differences in tumor biology between African-American men (AAM) and white men were assessed from a large clinical biopsy series. A review of the literature addressing Markoff modeling to obtain estimates of treatment, screening efficacy, and costs were evaluated. RESULTS: The decline in the incidence of prostate carcinoma since 1992 primarily affected men age > 70 years whereas younger men (age 45-70 years) maintained a 100% greater incidence of localized disease than in 1989, when prostate specific antigen screening became more common. The rate of distant disease has decreased by 60% for both age groups. In the current biopsy series, AAM have distinctly more cores involved with carcinoma and have a higher number of carcinoma cores involved with a Gleason score > or = 7 in men age < or = 70 years with a PSA level < or = 10 ng/ mL (P < 0.05). Markoff models reviewed in the literature demonstrated significant sensitivity to progression, complication, and comorbidity rates. Recent models suggested significant increases in quality-adjusted life expectancy for men choosing radical prostatectomy over watchful waiting if they were age < 70 years and had no severe comorbidities. Original cost estimates from benefit-cost analysis showed similar results of cost per carcinoma and cost per quality-adjusted life-year extension as later cost-effectiveness models. CONCLUSIONS: Current diagnostic trends toward the persistent increased detection of localized prostate carcinoma in younger men, combined with a marked reduction in distant stage disease, suggest significant potential mortality reductions. These trends may have greater implications for AAM, but further research is needed to produce models of mortality reduction from emerging data.
Denaturing CLIP, dCLIP, Pipeline Identifies Discrete RNA Footprints on Chromatin-Associated Proteins and Reveals that CBX7 Targets 3′ UTRs to Regulate mRNA Expression

Summary Interaction networks between chromatin complexes and long noncoding RNAs have become a recurrent theme in epigenetic regulation. However, technical limitations have precluded identification of RNA binding motifs for chromatin-associated proteins. Here, we add a denaturation step to UV-crosslink RNA immunoprecipitation (dCLIP) and apply dCLIP to mouse and human chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7), an RNA binding subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). In both species, CBX7 predominantly binds 3′ UTRs of messenger RNAs. CBX7 binds with a median RNA "footprint" of 171–183 nucleotides, the small size of which facilitates motif identification by bioinformatics. We find four families of consensus RNA motifs in mouse, and independent analysis of human CBX7 dCLIP data identifies similar motifs. Their mutation abolishes CBX7 binding in vitro . Pharmacological intervention with antisense oligonucleotides paradoxically increases CBX7 binding and enhances gene expression. These data support the utility of dCLIP and reveal an unexpected functional interaction between CBX7 and the 3′ UTRs of mRNA.
The neighborhood environment and obesity: Understanding variation by race/ethnicity

Abstract Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with obesity, but less is known whether relationships vary by race/ethnicity. This study examined the relationship between soda consumption – a behavior strongly associated with obesity – and weight status with neighborhood sociodemographic, social, and built environments by race/ethnicity. We merged data on adults from the 2011–2013 California Health Interview Survey, U.S. Census data, and InfoUSA (n = 62,396). Dependent variables were soda consumption and weight status outcomes (body mass index and obesity status). Main independent variables were measures of three neighborhood environments: social (social cohesion and safety), sociodemographic (neighborhood socioeconomic status, educational attainment, percent Asian, percent Hispanic, and percent black), and built environments (number of grocery stores, convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and gyms in neighborhood). We fit multi-level linear and logistic regression models, stratified by individual race/ethnicity (NH (non-Hispanic) Whites, NH African Americans, Hispanics, and NH Asians) controlling for individual-level characteristics, to estimate neighborhood contextual effects on study outcomes. Lower neighborhood educational attainment was associated with higher odds of obesity and soda consumption in all racial/ethnic groups. We found fewer associations between study outcomes and the neighborhood, especially the built environment, among NH African Americans and NH Asians. While improvements to neighborhood environment may be promising to reduce obesity, null associations among minority subgroups suggest that changes, particularly to the built environment, may alone be insufficient to address obesity in these groups.
Policy Diffusion between the States and Federal Government: Governors' Influence Over and Response to the National Policy Agenda

We capture the policy agendas of governors in the areas of health, education and economic from 1991 through 2013 using their State of the State addresses. We analyze if and how policy diffusion occurs between governors’ policy agendas in these areas and Congress and the president. Our research considers how federalism and the nature of gubernatorial policy agendas shape the state-federal relationship. We find that in economic policy the federal policy agenda influences the priorities found in State of the State addresses while in health policy the agendas of governors’ influence federal level priorities. Overall, we find a more dynamic relationship between the levels of government than initially anticipated.
Bubble dynamics: Some things we did not know 10 years ago

This paper contains a brief review of the author’s work on several problem related to bubble dynamics. A “state-of-the-art” model for spherical dynamics is formulated first. On the basis of this model several features of the thermo-fluid mechanical behavior of gas bubbles are then discussed and applications to sonochemistry and mass transfer described. The paper ends with a brief discussion of pressure wave propagation in bubbly liquid and the role played by bubbles in the generation of oceanic ambient noise.
Savage-born but new-created: Jan Tzatzoe, Xhosa Chief and Missionary in Britain, 1836-1838

Cape Colony in the early to mid-nineteenth century on the African, colonial, and metropolitan stage. I am wrestling in this piece, in particular, with what it means to give voice to an African historical figure from this period in history. By unearthing the extensive archival record that has recorded Tzatzoe's actions and words, I hope to let him be heard again. I quote extensively from accounts of his speeches, but more than this, I show how the words and speeches relate to each other, so that over the years of his life one can see an individual who gains a compelling voice, who speaks for himself, and does not merely parrot the words of others as his contemporary critics would have us believe. In order to bring Tzatzoe to life, I have used a toolkit derived from efforts in microhistory and the 'new narrative history'. To be overly succinct, these include the use of the present tense; italicizing quoted text used instead of placing it between quotation marks so that it is more easily integrated into the narrative; the use of a creative historical imagination in crafting scenes (with these passages always indicated as speculative); the incorporation of cinematic or fictional techniques (close ups, fade-aways, unorthodox chronological structure); extensive quoting of contemporary sources, and narration that attempts to mirror these voices; use of metaphorical language; and creative use of verbs and adjectives. To my mind, the 'new narrative history' uses these tools to tell a compelling and meaningful story and to create empathy with historical figures. Its goals are to involve the reader in the action, to create narrative tension, to achieve dynamic characterization, to ask whether analysis can be transmitted through description or narrative, and finally, to ask questions of historical truth, voice, narration, and method. For me, this process begins by acknowledging that history is, first and foremost, a personal endeavour. Tzatzoe's story seems to flow better when in the present tense, which is one reason I use it. The second is that I want the reader to feel that Tzatzoe's life is
Tn10 and IS10 Transposition and Chromosome Rearrangements: Mechanism and Regulation In Vivo and In Vitro

Tn10 is a composite transposon. It comprises a pair of IS10 insertion sequences located in opposite orientation flanking ~6.7 kb of unique sequences; these unique sequences encode a tetracycline resistance determinant and other determinants whose functions remain to be identified (Fig. 1A; Kleckner 1989). One of Tn10’s two IS10 elements, IS10-Right, is structurally and functionally intact and is considered to be the “wild type” IS10. IS10 encodes a single transposase protein which mediates transposition by interacting with specific sequences at two oppositely oriented IS10 (or Tn10) termini. The termini of IS10 are subtly different and are referred to as the “outside” and “inside” end, respectively, by virtue of their position in Tn10. IS10-Left is structurally intact but encodes a substantially defective transposase.
A comparison of three quantitative motor unit analysis algorithms.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that quantitative motor unit (MU) analysis involves extracting and measuring motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) from low-level electromyography (EMG) signals. Compared to routine qualitative EMG analysis, MU analysis is more objective and allows direct comparison with population data. Now computerized algorithms have been developed that can automatically measure several simultaneously active MUs at a time, making the process more practical for routine clinical use. The chapter assesses the accuracy of three automatic motor unit analysis algorithms; multimotor unit analysis, decomposition quantitative EMG, and EMG tools on a set of real EMG signals whose true composition was determined by manual decomposition. All three algorithms correctly identified all the MUs in signals with up to 5 active MUs and most of the MUs in signals with up to 10 active MUs. It discusses that the algorithms accurately estimated MUAP amplitudes and firing rates, but they estimated duration less accurately because of the baseline noise. These findings support the validity and utility of these algorithms.
Use of statins and the risk of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence in men treated with radical prostatectomy.

5048Background: Retrospective cohort studies disagree as to the correlation between the use of statin medications and favorable progression free and overall survival in men with prostate cancer. Th...
Molecular Profiling of Pancreatic Cancer Patients-Response.

We appreciate the opportunity to address the comments raised by Drs. Sahin and Elias. First, we are aware of the data surrounding the use of PARP inhibitors for HR-deficient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA; refs. [1, 2][1]). We acknowledge that for patients with HR-deficient disease whose
Environmental regulation and business 'self-regulation'

Both in Europe and in the United States there is now active advocacy, in some business and government circles, of increased `self-regulation' of businesses for environmental protection and pollution reduction. Speci¢c proposals include sectoral pollution-reduction `covenants,' market trading of emissions permits, third-party certi¢cation of environmental performance (e.g. under the European Union's Eco-Management and Auditing Scheme [EMAS] and the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certi¢cation), ad hoc negotiation of regulatory £exibility in exchange for superior environmental performance, and others. Recent proposals for industries in both Europe and the United States, for instance, have argued for a more `voluntary' approach to environmental protection, in which the government would set an overall `framework' while allowing industries themselves to decide how they would organize their operations to achieve the requirements of this framework. The Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers (1995), for instance, has asserted that
On the accuracy of optically tracked transducers for image-guided transcranial ultrasound

Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is increasingly being explored to modulate neuronal activity. To target neuromodulation, researchers often localize the FUS beam onto the brain region(s) of interest using spatially tracked tools overlaid on pre-acquired images. Here, we quantify the accuracy of optically tracked image-guided FUS with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thermometry, evaluate sources of error and demonstrate feasibility of these procedures to target the macaque somatosensory region. We developed an optically tracked FUS system capable of projecting the transducer focus onto a pre-acquired MRI volume. To measure the target registration error (TRE), we aimed the transducer focus at a desired target in a phantom under image guidance, heated the target while imaging with MR thermometry and then calculated the TRE as the difference between the targeted and heated locations. Multiple targets were measured using either an unbiased or bias-corrected calibration. We then targeted the macaque S1 brain region, where displacement induced by the acoustic radiation force was measured using MR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI). All calibration methods enabled registration with TRE on the order of 3 mm. Unbiased calibration resulted in an average TRE of 3.26 mm (min–max: 2.80–4.53 mm), which was not significantly changed by prospective bias correction (TRE of 3.05 mm; 2.06–3.81 mm, p = 0.55). Restricting motion between the transducer and target and increasing the distance between tracked markers reduced the TRE to 2.43 mm (min–max: 0.79–3.88 mm). MR-ARFI images showed qualitatively similar shape and extent as projected beam profiles in a living non-human primate. Our study describes methods for image guidance of FUS neuromodulation and quantifies errors associated with this method in a large animal. The workflow is efficient enough for in vivo use, and we demonstrate transcranial MR-ARFI in vivo in macaques for the first time.
Redundant Arithmetic Optimizations

Redundant arithmetic can be implemented on general-purpose processors to gain significant speedup. Redundant arithmetic speeds up the execution of certain dependent instructions by removing extra work and enabling higher frequencies. However, the issues of worst case delay, scheduling and power must be resolved. We will present the ECS representation format along with initial data and analysis on these critical issues.
The Role of Executive Functions in Object- and Action-Naming among Older Adults.

ABSTRACTBackground/Study Context: Lexical retrieval abilities and executive function skills decline with age. The extent to which these processes might be interdependent remains unknown. The aim of...
Sister First, Doctor Second.

Sister First, Doctor Second I was entering my third year of medical school when my brother’s friend called me, saying “I think your brother has schizophrenia.” I packed my suitcase and headed home....
Radiative Feedbacks Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation

AbstractRadiative kernels derived from CloudSat/CALIPSO measurements are used to diagnose radiative feedbacks induced by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Over the Indo-Pacific warm pool, positi...
19 – Schizophrenic Disorder

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the schizophrenic disorder from a social and cultural perspective. Schizophrenia may be observed in any society, despite diverse sociocultural environments. Formal, multisite epidemiological studies using standardized methods have indicated that schizophrenia occurs in many of the societies investigated with rather similar annual incident rates population at risk ages. The range of the rates is relatively small (less than three times) compared with other mental disorders such as suicide and alcohol-related problems, which may have a range of variations of 10 or 20 times in different societies. These findings indicate that humankind is closely associated in this mental disorder and that biological, including hereditary, factors contribute predominantly to it. From a clinical perspective, in studies using standardized methods of collecting information from multiple study sites in different cultural settings, it has been disclosed that the symptomatology of schizophrenia is basically similar. However, there is a difference in subtypes observed, the catatonic subtype is observed mainly in developing societies, whereas the paranoid and affective types are found more in developed societies. From a sociological point of view, schizophrenia was observed more often among people of lower socioeconomic class, probably due to social drifting. It was also found that the prognosis of this disorder was relatively more favorable in developing than in developed societies. it is suspected that cultural factors, in a narrow sense, such as beliefs and attitudes toward such a disorder, have little direct impact on its occurrence.
Boost in Test-Retest Reliability in Resting State fMRI with Predictive Modeling

Test-retest reliability is critical for individual differences research. Recent studies found low test-retest reliability in fMRI and raised serious concerns among researchers, but these studies mostly focused on reliability of individual fMRI features (e.g., individual connections in resting state connectivity maps). Meanwhile, researchers increasingly employ multivariate predictive models that aggregate information across a large number of features to predict outcomes of interest, but the test-retest reliability of predicted outcomes of these models has not previously been systematically studied. Here we apply ten predictive modeling methods to resting state connectivity maps from the Human Connectome Project dataset to predict 61 outcome variables. Compared to mean reliability of individual resting state connections (0.44), we find mean reliability of the predicted outcomes of predictive models is higher for all ten methods. For the two most reliable methods, Brain Basis Set and Support Vector Regression, mean reliability of predicted outcomes was above 0.67, higher than the 0.60 threshold that is conventionally considered good. We additionally identified three mechanisms that help to explain why predicted outcomes of predictive models have higher reliability than individual features. We conclude that researchers can potentially achieve higher test-retest reliability by making greater use of predictive models.
Growth potential and biofilm development of nonstarter bacteria on surfaces exposed to a continuous whey stream

ABSTRACT Commercial Cheddar cheese production uses an automated, continuous production system that provides favorable conditions for specific undesirable bacterial subpopulations in certain sections of the processing system. The draining and matting conveyor (DMC) is a large, fully enclosed series of conveyor belts that separates curd and whey on the first drain belt and supports the cheddaring process in subsequent sections. In a previous study, we demonstrated that coliforms increase in the draining section of the DMC (pH 6.0–6.3, 36°C) over a typical 18-h production shift and can lead to detectable coliforms in finished cheese. Sampling at the commercial plant indicated 2 sources of very low levels of coliforms: (1) subpasteurized whey and curd entering the DMC and (2) surfaces in the DMC after sanitation. Mitigation of these sources would require different approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate whether naturally low levels of coliforms in whey could increase in the bulk liquid and attach to different surface materials within 18 h. A laboratory-scale system was created to mimic the conditions of the initial draining section of the DMC and consisted of single-pass, naturally contaminated whey (pH 6.3, 35°C) flowing through a bioreactor (1.11 L/h) containing coupons of surface types found in the DMC (stainless steel and polypropylene). Whey inside the bioreactor chamber and surface coupons were enumerated for bacterial subpopulations on selective media for planktonic and attached bacteria, respectively, at 0, 12, 15, and 18 h. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Nonstarter bacteria present in the whey at 0 h included coliforms (Enterobacter), Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter (0.80, 2.55, and 2.32 log cfu/mL, respectively), with each increasing significantly in whey (6.18, 7.00, and 5.89 log cfu/mL) and on coupons (5.20, 6.85, and 5.29 log cfu/cm2, respectively) after 18 h in the continuous flowing system. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed bacterial attachment on both surfaces, with early biofilm development evident on polypropylene coupons by 18 h. Results from this laboratory-scale study demonstrated that naturally low levels of coliforms entering the DMC in the whey could replicate within the conditions of the draining section of the DMC to the levels found in the commercial production environment.
Expanded endoscopic endonasal resection of suprasellar abscess and tumor: An operative video

Abstract Pituitary abscess is a rare condition that can result from a primary infection of the pituitary gland or secondarily to an existing pathology. While there are prior prior prior reported cases of secondary pituitary abscesses, we present the first operative video detailing management of this uncommon disease entity. We present the case of a 36-year-old male with a history of a known pituitary adenoma who was found to have a pituitary abscess. The patient underwent an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach for abscess evacuation and tumor resection. The patient recovered well, with gradual return of right extra-ocular movements and full return of right vision. At 1 year post-operatively, he had returned to work with no restrictions. A discussion of the presenting symptoms; risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgical intervention; and an overview of the known cases of secondary pituitary abscesses is presented. Operative video from the case is reviewed, in addition to relevant radiologic imaging, pre-operatively, and at 1 year post-operatively.
Multischeme equivalence procedure for neutron transport finite element methods

Abstract Diffusion equivalence theory applied at the full-core level is well understood and enables preservation of the multiplication factor and key reaction rates. In many cases, however, high-interest regions inside the reactor benefit from a heterogeneous representation solved using a transport scheme. This paper formalizes the multischeme (MS) equivalence procedure in which the capability to use distinct transport operator approximations in different parts of the domain is combined with an equivalence procedure, thus enforcing preservation of the reaction rates in—and (optionally) leakage rates out of—the low-resolution domains, using Super Homogenization (SPH) and discontinuity factors (DFs). Two approaches are proposed: MS-SPH applies SPH factors to the diffusion interface terms, whereas MS-SPH-DF relies on DFs to enforce preservation of the net currents at the interface—in which case, one normalization factor per energy group and connected region is required. The main targeted applications of multischeme equivalence are (1) more accurate reaction rates inside the heterogeneous region and (2) the ability to rely on methods otherwise incompatible with equivalence. Both proposed methods can successfully reproduce the eigenvalue and reaction rates in the heterogeneous region. Although MS-SPH-DF may better capture local effects with very refined meshes, MS-SPH otherwise seems more appealing, due to its comparable accuracy with coarser meshes and its significantly reduced burden on the analyst for large applications, as reference currents are not needed. When global quantities of interest are specifically targeted (e.g., control rod worth), neither method appears superior to a standard, spatially restricted SPH approach.
Transitioning to telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Perspectives from partners of women with cystic fibrosis and healthcare providers.

Objectives Cystic fibrosis is a chronic, genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory system. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has altered how people with cystic fibrosis receive healthcare. This paper explores the perceptions of cystic fibrosis healthcare providers and partners of women with cystic fibrosis regarding the use of telehealth in routine cystic fibrosis healthcare in the US. Methods As part of a larger study examining fertility counseling for women with cystic fibrosis, we conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Participants included partners of women with cystic fibrosis (n = 20) and cystic fibrosis healthcare providers (n = 20). We completed the interviews before and during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Results When in-person healthcare could not be achieved safely, partners and healthcare providers found new value in telehealth. Three themes emerged: (1) increased connection between healthcare team and family, (2) increased efficiency of healthcare appointments, and (3) improved interdisciplinary collaboration. Partners found that telehealth allowed for more engagement in their significant others' healthcare. Providers reported enhanced efficiency and opportunities for collaboration across specialties that improved healthcare delivery and care coordination. Discussion Results from this study highlighted the positive value of telehealth. Telehealth presents as a potential alternative to delivering outpatient care for people with chronic illnesses beyond the pandemic.
A standard manufacturing information model to support design for manufacturing in virtual enterprises

Manufacturing enterprises are being forced into greater collaboration with customers and suppliers in order to produce quality products in smaller batches, shorter lead times and with greater variety. Consequently, the design-for-manufacturing task must be conducted in these virtual and distributed enterprises across traditional organizational boundaries. This paper proposes the use of standard information models to support the product realization process. While extensive work has been performed in developing product data models little effort has been performed in developing a manufacturing model. The design-for-manufacturing stages are identified with their requisite information requirements. Different approaches used to model various aspects of manufacturing processes are reviewed and found inadequate for supporting the entire design-for-manufacturing task. The development of a standard manufacturing systems information model written in EXPRESS and based upon the modelling me thodology adhered to by standard for the exchange of product (STEP) is proposed to fill the void. Initial developments in this area are discussed, the model is illustrated with an example, and the potential benefits to manufacturing are reviewed.