cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Election of 1860 Reconsidered A. James Fuller, Editor. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2013.

The Election of 1860 Reconsidered A. James Fuller, Editor. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2013.One of the finest new works inspired by the ses qui - centennial of the Civil War is new volume of essays edited by A. James Fuller that explores the election of 1860. The fascinating essays in this book shine new light on some well-known issues and explore a number of previously unexamined aspects of the most important election in American history. The results leave the reader with a fresh understanding of a pivotal moment that has for too long been underexplored. While the book is essentially political history, there is much that scholars of cultural studies can gain from it.The book can be divided into two parts. The first contains four essays that examine each of the major candidates in refreshingly new ways. Michael Green's study of Abraham Lincoln presents the sixteenth president as a consummate politician who actively sought political office all his life. Lincoln carefully managed both his friends and potential rivals to positions advantageous to himself. The image of Lincoln as a humble rail-splitter was, Green notes, a carefully crafted persona. James L. Huston explores a facet of the Stephen Douglas campaign that historians have misunderstood-Douglas' forays into the South during the summer and fall of 1860. What Huston deftly shows is that Douglas was not simply campaigning for himself; he was, by the fall of 1860, campaigning for the Union. Douglas meticulously tailored his moderate message throughout the various slave states, yet he remained true to his belief that secession was unmerited and that any president was justified in resisting such actions.A. James Fuller wrote the next two essays, which focus on the two southern candidates, John C. Breckinridge and John Bell. Instead of viewing Breckinridge's campaign as irrational, as so many contemporaries and later historians have seen it, Fuller argues that his campaign should be viewed through the lens of Southern honor. Fuller's essay relies heavily on the work of historians such as Bertram Wyatt-Brown, who placed honor at the center of the Southern planter worldview. Breckinridge and his supporters believed that only they could restore honor and balance to a corrupt federal government that had veered away from its initial role as protector of property rights (i.e., the right to own slaves). Fuller instead views supporting Breckinridge as the only rational option for Southerners. …
A Fluency Heuristic Account of Supraliminal Prime Effects on Product Preference

The effects of supraliminal primes on product preference have been explained by two activation mechanisms, goal activation and trait activation. In this research, an additional activation mechanism not explained by goals or traits is identified. Using the implicit association test as a process measure, this article provides evidence that the effect of supraliminal primes on product preference is the result of conceptual fluency and the fluency heuristic. To provide evidence that this mechanism affects preference nonconsciously, this article proposes a dual-processing framework where conscious effects are mediated by explicit attitude and nonconscious effects are mediated by implicit attitude and moderated by the motivation and opportunity to process information. The experimental findings support the authors’ propositions, which provide a number of theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.
A model to couple overland flow and infiltration into macroporous vadose zone

Most vegetated land surfaces contain macropores that may have a significant effect on the rate of infiltration of water under ponded conditions on the ground surface. Owing to the small-scale variations of the land topography (microtopography), only portions of the land area may get ponded during the process of overland flow. As the macropores transmit water at much higher rates than the primary soil matrix, higher macropore activation in ponded areas produces larger effective infiltration rates into the soil. Therefore, overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone are interrelated. Representing the microtopographic variation of the land surface by a simple sine wave function, a method was developed to relate the ponding area to the average ponding depth which was determined by overland flow. A numerical model coupling overland flow and infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was developed. Overland flow was simulated using the St. Venant equations with the inertia terms neglected. A single macropore model was used to simulate the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone. The interaction between overland flow and the infiltration into the macroporous vadose zone was analyzed for a hypothetical watershed. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the interaction of macropore flow and overland flow is significant. For the conditions tested, the macropore flow and the overland flow were found to be more sensitive to the macroporosity and less sensitive to the microtopographic surface variation.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that survives in neutrophils by delaying apoptosis. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 has been the ultimate choice for culturing Anaplasma in vitro. In this study, we assessed the various events of drug-induced apoptosis in A. phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. Anaplasma infection reduced the cell viability and increased the apoptosis in HL-60 cells and staurosporine or etoposide-induced apoptosis was further exacerbated with Anaplasma infection. Altogether our results suggest that A.phagocytophilum infection is proapoptotic in HL-60 cells unlike in neutrophils where it is antiapoptotic.
Use of urea and salicylate to elute antibody from insoluble antigen.

SummarySolutions of 16–32% urea and of 10% sodium salicylate were used to separate I131 labeled rabbit anti-rat organ antibodies from insoluble rat organ residues acting as antigens. Following removal of these eluting agents, the antibody retained its specificity for rat organs as measured by in vivo and in vitro technics. Measured by in vivo technics, rabbit gamma globulin was resistant to the altering or denaturing effect of these reagents.
αvβ3, αvβ5, and osteopontin are coordinately upregulated at early time points in a rabbit model of neointima formation

Abstract Both smooth muscle cell migration and replication are known to be responsible for neointima formation. Recent reports based on in vitro studies and animal models of neointima formation highlight the possible importance of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in mediating neointima formation. Clinical data suggest that specific αvβ3 blockade may limit restenosis. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 and their ligand osteopontin in the very early phases of neointima formation in a rabbit model. A non-occlusive cuff placed around the rabbit femoral artery resulted in a complete, concentric neointima that formed by 14 days. Antibodies specific for the integrin heterodimers and for osteopontin, along with a probe specific for osteopontin mRNA, were used to identify expression at early time points (6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days) post-cuffing. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization expression results were quantitated by image analysis and tested for statistical significance by a two-tailed t-test. The data demonstrated the rapid (within 6 h) and abundant upregulation of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins and their ligand during very early time points of neointima formation. The very early (6 h) upregulation of αvβ3 underscores a potentially important clinical intervention point in limiting restenosis following clinical angioplasty procedures. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:492–504, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Student Course Evaluations: Common Themes across Courses and Years.

Student course evaluations were analyzed for common themes across five different basic science, clinical, and innovative courses from the first and third years of medical school. Each course had both unique and common numerically scaled items including an overall quality rating item. A principal components analysis was conducted for each course to determine the items that loaded most heavily on the same component as the overall quality item. Across courses and years, the items that consistently loaded on the same component as the overall quality item were (1) admin­istrative aspects including course organization, (2) clearly communicated goals and objectives, and (3) instructional staff responsiveness. These results concur with recent medical education literature in this area. Faculty interested in increasing student ratings of the overall quality of their courses might best attend primarily to carefully organizing course goals and objectives and clearly communicating them. The limitations of these conclusions are discussed.
C‐Reactive Protein, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Slow Gait Speed

Objectives: To evaluate the independent and joint effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 25-OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on mobility disability in older persons. Design: U.S. population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2001�2002). Participants: Individuals aged 50 and older (N = 1,826). Measurements: C-reactive protein (mg/dL), with high CRP defined as ?0.2 mg/dL, and 25(OH)D levels (ng/mL) operationalized as severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (10�19.9 ng/mL), insufficiency (20�29.9 ng/mL), and normal (?30 ng/mL). Mobility disability was operationalized as gait speed of <0.8 m/s while completing a 20-foot walk (6.1 m). Results: High CRP and low 25(OH)D levels were associated with slow gait speed. Individuals with high CRP levels and severe vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have slow gait speed than were those with neither risk factor (odds ratio = 3.54, 95% confidence interval = 1.42�8.84, P = .007). A significant positive association between vitamin D level and gait speed was found only in those with high CRP in stratified analyses. Whites and blacks showed similar findings as the overall population. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence of a potential joint effect of vitamin D and CRP on gait speed, suggesting that evaluation and correction of vitamin D levels may be especially important in individuals with high CRP levels.
Development of Neuroepithelial Bodies and Solitary Endocrine Cells in Fetal Rabbit Lungs. II. Nonspecific Esterase as an Indicator of Early Maturation

Activity for nonspecific esterases has been demonstrated histochemically in fetal rabbit lungs using α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. Commencing with a homogeneous distribution in pseudoglandular lungs, activity gradually heightens in the epithelium, progresses centrifugally along the bronchial tree, and reaches full expression in postnatal lungs, when most cells in conducting airways are strongly reactive. Well before this general rise, small clusters become conspicuously reactive in the epithelium, first in the larger bronchi and later in the smaller bronchi. At 25 days' gestation most of these are neuroepithelial bodies, which are recognizable in frozen sections and occur selectively near bronchial bifurcations. Subsequently, while the bodies formed earlier continue active, other clusters and solitary cells become reactive in more recently formed airways, amounting in all to 1-2% of the epithelial cells present. Near term these and the more organized neuroepithelial bodies occur throughout the bronchia...
123mTe as a calibration standard for123I

A method preparing solutions of a mixed chloro, bromo-complex of tellurium labeled with123mTe is described. The solutions are shown to be excellent standards for calibrating radioisotope dose calibrators used to measure123I.
RETROVIRAL TRANSFER OF ANTISENSE SEQUENCES RESULTS IN REDUCTION OF C-ABL AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS IN HEMOPOIETIC CELLS

The c-abl proto-oncogene is ubiquitously expressed during mammalian development. Activated forms of c-Abl proteins are oncogenic and have been shown to suppress apoptosis. The biological role of normal c-Abl protein is unknown. In this study, we have introduced c-abl antisense sequences into various hemopoietic cells by retroviral gene transfer. Introduction and expression of the antisense sequence effectively reduced the amount of c-Abl protein in a number of transduced hemopoietic cells, that consequently underwent apoptosis. When factor-dependent cell lines were examined, we observed that the addition of sufficient amounts of growth factors could suppress apoptosis in myeloid but not in lymphoid lines. The ability of myeloid cells to be rescued by growth factors correlated with upregulation of mRNA level of IL-3 receptor subunits. Our data suggest that c-Abl provides an anti-apoptotic signal during mammalian cell growth, and that myeloid and lymphoid cells are different in their resistance to apoptosis.
Mindanao: Key to the Philippines' Future

(1949). Mindanao: Key to the Philippines' Future. Journal of Geography: Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 150-160.
Cerebral neurocytoma: an unusual cause of refractory epilepsy. Case report and review of the literature.

Summary: We report a patient with medically refractory complex partial seizures (CPS) caused by a cerebral neurocytoma located near the amygdala. Neurocytoma represents an important addition to the differential diagnosis and, in particular, must be differentiated from oligoden-droglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. Accurate pathological differentiation has therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Quality control of manual visual field examination by computer simulation.

Abstract Quality control of manual visual field examination is impaired because the process is difficult to monitor, and because examiners have minimal formal training and supervision, and are subject to rapid turnover. Computer simulation can be used both to teach perimetry and to provide a Reference standard against which performance may be measured.
Minority access to hospice

In recent decades, the hospice movement in America has experienced substantial growth, but there are still impediments preventing the majority of Americans from utilizing this type of care. Moreover, minority Americans experience greater barriers to the utilization of hospice care. Although there are positive trends to suggest utilization of hospice care by minorities may increase in the future, these factors need to be supported through strategies implemented by hospice administrators, providers, and volunteers.
Sjogren's syndrome: promising, new treatment options besides nizatidine.

(2009). Sjogren’s syndrome: promising, new treatment options besides nizatidine. Modern Rheumatology: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 100-101.
Stochastic quantum mechanics viewed from the language of manuals

The language of manuals may be used to discuss inference in measurement in a general experimental context. Specializing to the context of the frame manual for Hilbert space, this inference leads to state dominance of the inferred state from partial measurements; this in turn, by Sakai's theorem, determines observables which are described by positive operator-valued measures. Symmetries are then introduced, showing that systems of covariance, rather than systems of imprimitivity, are natural objects to study in quantum mechanics. Experiments measuring different polarization components simultaneously are reexamined in this language. Finally, implications of the Naimark extension theorem for the manual approach are investigated.
International Fieldwork Experience A Survey of US Schools

Twenty-five US schools provided international field experience either in agencies dealing with international problems or in foreign countries. There appear to be two primary patterns for making overseas placements. One is through the initiative of a faculty member and the other is through the learning centers in different countries. Students chose field experiences in foreign countries because they were enthusiastic about it. Also, some of them had family, friends or relatives in those countries. The largest deterrent to overseas placements is financial difficulty.
ATTRIBUTIONS OF INTERPERSONAL VALUES AND COUNSELING EFFECTIVENESS

In the present study, 83 high school students first indicated how effective they felt their counselors were and then completed the Survey of Interpersonal Values as they felt their counselors would if the latter were responding frankly. The students followed the same procedure for some “other adult” of their choice, with whom they would find it easy or difficult to discuss a personal problem. As had been hypothesized, those who were considered to be the more effective counselors or the more receptive “other adults” had attributed to them higher Benevolence and lower Recognition and Leadership scores on the survey. These interpersonal values characteristics are among the more highly regarded by the public at large and had been previously attributed to more highly preferred political figures. A study of the development of the attributional process in the client over the course of counseling, particularly as it relates to the outcome of counseling, would represent a potentially useful direction for future re...
Selectivity in Aortic Root Reconstruction

Anatomical variations in aortic root pathology, including combinatlons of dissection, aneurysmal dilatation, annuloaortic ectasia, and valve disease, defy standardized repair and mandate application of various surgical reconstructions. To examine these techniques, and their influence on morbidity and mortality, we reviewed 53 consecutive patients undergoing aortic root procedures. Thirty-two patients underwent total root reconstruction. Of these, 21 underwent Bentall procedures, 9 had a modification thereof, and 2 underwent a Cabrol reconstruction. Less extensive pathology was corrected in 21 patients with a partial root reconstruction. These included aortic valve replacement (AVR) and a separate tube graft in 14 patients, AVR and primary aortic repair ± wrapping in 4 individuals, and AVR and patch aortic root enlargement in 3 patients. Mean age was 53.2 years (range 20 to 79). Nearly 20% had undergone previous cardiac surgery and 7.5% were emergencies. Early mortality was 4%. Complications included dysrhythmias (48%), myocardial infarction (4%), stroke (4%), pneumonia (14%), and pancreatitis (2%). There were no reoperations for bleeding. Three late complications, one pseudoaneurysm and two perivalvuiar leaks, were successfully repaired. Late deaths (13.7%) were caused by congestive heart failure (a), myocardial infarction (MI) (1), cancer (1), stroke (1), and accidental fall (1). Kaplan-Meier analysis reveals 1–, 5-, and 10-year survivals of 98%, 81%, and 66%. Survival and mortality data did not differ between groups, and except for the incidence of atrial dysrhythmias, complication rates also were not significantly different. This series illustrates the need for and the successful application of a selective approach to aortic root reconstruction. (J Card Surg 1994;9:500–507)
24 CYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF 5-FORMYL-TETRAHY-DROFOLATE CYCLODEHYDRASE ACTIVITY IN LEUCOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKAEMIA

The enzyme 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate cyclodehydrase converts 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate. A method has been devised for the cytochemical demonstration of this enzyme using 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate as substrate. The activity of the enzyme has been studied in leukocytes of children with acute leukaemia. Comparison of enzymatic activity in the same types of cells showed no significant variation between normal controls and the patients with acute leukaemia. The enzyme activity was found to increase with cell maturation and was strongly positive in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils. The blast cells of patients with acute leukaemia were weakly positive or negative. This finding is of interest since the blast cells are capable of division. Two populations of lymphocytes were observed, one positive with a few granules and one negative. Methotrexate decreased enzyme activity in some patients; the enzyme may be a target for the action of folic acid antagonists.
Chloroquine Engages the Immune System to Eradicate Irradiated Breast Tumors in Mice

Purpose This study used chloroquine to direct radiation-induced tumor cell death pathways to harness the antitumor activity of the immune system. Methods and Materials Chloroquine given immediately after tumor irradiation increased the cure rate of MCaK breast cancer in C3H mice. Chloroquine blocked radiation-induced autophagy and drove MCaK cells into a more rapid apoptotic and more immunogenic form of cell death. Results Chloroquine treatment made irradiated tumor vaccines superior at inducing strong interferon gamma-associated immune responses in vivo and protecting mice from further tumor challenge. In vitro, chloroquine slowed antigen uptake and degradation by dendritic cells, although T-cell stimulation was unaffected. Conclusions This study illustrates a novel approach to improve the efficacy of breast cancer radiation therapy by blocking endosomal pathways, which enhances radiation-induced cell death within the field and drives antitumor immunity to assist therapeutic cure. The study illuminates and merges seemingly disparate concepts regarding the importance of autophagy in cancer therapy.
The increased level of PDGF-A contributes to the increased proliferation induced by mechanical stimulation in osteoblastic cells

Mechanical stimulation can prompt healing of bone fractures. However, it is largely unknown how osteogenesis is promoted by mechanical stimulation. In this study, we found that mechanical strain-induced proliferation of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) accompanied increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) mRNA, determined by quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. In addition, neomycin and W-7, which blocked mechanical strain-induced proliferation of the osteoblast cells, also blocked mechanical stimulation-induced elevation of PDGF-A mRNA. Finally, an antibody against PDGF can inhibit physical stimulation-induced proliferation of MC3T3-E1 ceils, suggesting that the increased MC3T3-E1 cells produced by mechanical stimulation at least partially depends on the increased activity of PDGF.
Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

Critical-sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue-engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical-sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF-betas, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included.
The total variation of the tensor product Bernstein-Be´zier operator

Abstract An inequality bounding the total variation of the tensor product Bernstein-Bezier polynomial is given.
An Epidemiologic Study of the Relationship between Various States of Occlusion and the Pathological Conditions of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

This study explored relationships between dental caries and periodontal disease and either (1) any of 8 existing orthodontic indices or (2) any of 41 individual cephalometric measures. The 486 subjects examined revealed no clinically significant associations between any of the disease measures and either the indices or the cephalometric measurements.
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a highly selective ion channel

During intracellular Ca2+ signalling mitochondria accumulate significant amounts of Ca2+ from the cytosol. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake controls the rate of energy production, shapes the amplitude and spatio-temporal patterns of intracellular Ca2+ signals, and is instrumental to cell death. This Ca2+ uptake is undertaken by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) located in the organelle's inner membrane. The uniporter passes Ca2+ down the electrochemical gradient maintained across this membrane without direct coupling to ATP hydrolysis or transport of other ions. Carriers are characterized by turnover numbers that are typically 1,000-fold lower than ion channels, and until now it has been unclear whether the MCU is a carrier or a channel. By patch-clamping the inner mitochondrial membrane, we identified a previously unknown Ca2+-selective ion channel sensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Our data indicate that this unique channel binds Ca2+ with extremely high affinity (dissociation constant < or =2 nM), enabling high Ca2+ selectivity despite relatively low cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. The channel is inwardly rectifying, making it especially effective for Ca2+ uptake into energized mitochondria. Thus, we conclude that the properties of the current mediated by this novel channel are those of the MCU.
Technology, learning environments, and tomorrow's schools

(1985). Technology, learning environments, and tomorrow's schools. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 62, Planning the School of the Future, pp. 93-113.
Limited data reconstructions for ion microtomography (IMT)

Abstract Ion microtomography (IMT) is based on measuring the residual energy of ions as they pass through the sample. However, for some samples, the maximum range of the ions can prevent acquiring a complete projection data set for the density reconstruction, i.e., only a limited set of angles will allow the beam to penetrate the sample. Limited angle data sets from flat planar objects are a commonly occurring class for limited data reconstructions in IMT. Such a target can pose an additional problem in that the ion beam may not “see” its edges — the target is not finite in extent to the beam. Two reconstruction methods are examined to treat limited data for IMT. The first uses mathematical models of the sample to produce simulated ray-sums that are incorporated into the reconstruction of experimentally measured data. The second method produces a partial reconstruction of the region of interest. A technique is also devised, using a marker, for determining the projected center of rotation — a necessary parameter for the reconstruction algorithms — which cannot be determined from the limited data by usual methods. Examples are presented for two specific planar samples: one made of an artificial heart valve material and the other a metal matrix composite.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in ischemic vascular disease

Over the last decade, an extensive amount of evidence has accumulated which implicates PMN in the etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic/thrombotic diseases. It has become apparent that PMN infiltration is not, as once thought, an innocent secondary phenomenon following ischemia. Rather, PMN are active participants in the pathophysiology of infarction, exacerbating the tissue damage. Since the development of means to achieve reperfusion after thrombosis, this phenomenon has become of critical importance. Many different approaches, targeted at prevention of PMN trapping in the capillaries of the ischemic, area, have been shown to effectively reduce the final infarct size, and will likely prove valuable adjuncts to reperfusion. However, perhaps the most significant aspect of the realization that PMN play a significant role in thrombotic disease may prove to be the potential for early intervention: Elevated PMN counts are predictive of ischemic events, and there is preliminary evidence that the elevated PMN count may be also associated with increased PMN activation, suggesting that research directed at the prophylactic use of anti-PMN agents might someday prove effective in reducing the incidence of MI and stroke.
Predicting the economic impact of acquisition artifacts and noise

Decisions that involve trade-offs between data quality and cost arise frequently in seismic acquisition. Improvements in data quality are always desirable, but they usually involve increased cost. To justify spending more money to acquire higher quality data, we need to show that the higher data quality has economic benefits that offset any increased expense. This article shows how we can use value of information (VOI) analysis and probabilistic modeling to quantify the economic value of seismic data, and to predict the economic consequences of changes in data quality.
Child support: Interstate Dimensions

The failure of uniform state laws and otherforms of interstate cooperation to solve the problem of collection of child support by a custodial parentfrom a reluctant obligor in another state led Congress to employ incrementally conditional grants-in-aid to regulate states' efforts to enforce child support orders. Congressional action has produced limited results and the proposal has been advanced for establishment of an exclusive federal government child support system. Our analysis suggests that Congress lacks authority to establish such a system and interstate collection of child support will continue to be a serious problem.
On mod 2 and higher elliptic genera

In the first part of this paper, we construct mod 2 elliptic genera on manifolds of dimensions 8k+1, 8k+2 by mod 2 index formulas of Dirac operators. They are given by mod 2 modular forms or mod 2 automorphic functions. We also obtain an integral formula for the mod 2 index of the Dirac operator. As a by-product we find topological obstructions to group actions. In the second part, we construct higher elliptic genera and prove some of their rigidity properties under group actions. In the third part we write down characteristic series for all Witten genera by Jacobi theta-functions. The modular property and transformation formulas of elliptic genera then follow easily. We shall also prove that Krichever's genera, which come from integrable systems, can be written as indices of twisted Dirac operators forSU-manifolds. Some general discussions about elliptic genera are given.
CT findings in multiple tuberculomata.

Abstract A case of multiple enhancing tuberculomas on CT is presented in a patient without any clinical evidence of pulmonary TB or TB meningitis. Tuberculomas must be considered in the differential of multiple enhancing lesions on CT and definite hystological diagnosis sought as the treatment is totally different.
Derived linear systems of context-free grammars

Abstract Suppose that b is a vector of frequencies of productions in a context-free grammar. In a generalization of Wetherell's illustration of a derived linear system, Chaudhuri has derived a matrix M such that Mb=(−1,0,0,…,0)T if b is a vector of production frequencies of an arbitrary derivation. The converse of this result is considered. Via an extension of the concept of Euler path, grammars are characterized for which Mb=(−1,0,0,…,0)T implies the existence of a derivation whose production frequencies are given by b. And, for the remaining context-free grammars, the above matrix equation is shown to differ from complete production frequency definition by the graph-theoretic condition of connectedness.
Global Studies Means Forward-Looking.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show, in a practical manner, that discursive procedures (mediated by online platforms or publication systems) enhance cultural understanding of distinct social entities such as Europe and Russia. Design/methodology/approach – Joint special issues convening authors from east and west in an equilibrated manner give an opportunity for in-depth review processes, in the course of which different paradigms of global evolution are perceived and reflected. Findings – If handled with care, information technologies are able to strongly support such stepwise consensus finding. The areas of futurology, forward looking, global megatrends, global evolution, globalistics and global studies are prime cases for the patient alignment of world views and multi-paradigmatic approach towards (ultimately) holistic and second-order science. Originality/value – Even in the face of diverse political realities a series of conferences, lectures and web-supported exercises for the authoring o...
Lack of reinstatement of an extinguished taste aversion

Three experiments with rat subjects were designed to investigate the possibility that an extinguished saccharin aversion might be reinstated if the animals are made ill with lithium chloride (in the absence of saccharin) following extinction. Although reinstatement can be obtained when the unconditioned stimulus is presented following the extinction of other kinds of conditioned behaviors, the present experiments provided no evidence that an extinguished taste aversion can be reinstated. No reinstatement was observed, even when the aversion had been only partially extinguished and when multiple injections of lithium chloride were administered in an attempt to reinstate the aversion.
Verification of micromechanical models of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs)

Ionic Polymer-metal Composites (IPMCs) are soft actuators and sensors. They generally consist of a thin perfluorinated ionomer membrane, metal electrodes plated on both faces, and are neutralized with certain counter cations, balancing the charge of the anions covalently fixed to the membrane. Under a suddenly applied step function (1 to 3 V), the IPMC in alkali-metal cation forms exhibits a fast bending motion towards the anode, followed by a slow relaxation. For Nafion-based IPMCs, this slow relaxation is towards the cathode, whereas for Flemion-based IPMCs, the slow relaxation continues the initial fast motion towards the anode. IPMC samples in sulfonic forms having sodium as cations are prepared, their electromechanical properties are characterized, and their actuation responses to various electric stimuli are investigated. Results show that for Nafion-based IPMCs, initial motion towards the anode can be ultimately eliminated by applying a slowly increasing potential, due to very slow charge accumulation and extensive cation redistribution within a boundary layer near the cathode electrode.
Damping of surface waves in an incompressible liquid

The damping of surface waves of small amplitude in liquid contained in cylinders has been calculated. Viscous dissipation in an assumed laminar boundary layer was taken to be the primary cause of damping. Experimental results were obtained for the logarithmic decrement as a function of the ratio of liquid height to cylinder radius for several water-filled cylinders. Theory and experiment were found to be in good agreement.
The field of analyzing foreign language conversations

Abstract As an introduction and welcoming address to the emerging field ‘Conversation Analysis of Foreign Language Data’, the paper recounts my own academic way from ethnography to culturally contexted conversation analysis.
Lessons learned from a pharmacy practice model change at an academic medical center

Purpose The development and implementation of a new pharmacy practice model at an academic medical center are described. Summary Before the model change, decentralized pharmacists responsible for order entry and verification and clinical specialists were both present on the care units. Staff pharmacists were responsible for medication distribution and sterile product preparation. The decentralized pharmacists handling orders were not able to use their clinical training, the practice model was inefficient, and few clinical services were available during evenings and weekends. A task force representing all pharmacy department roles developed a process and guiding principles for the model change, collected data, and decided on a model. Teams consisting of decentralized pharmacists, decentralized pharmacy technicians, and team leaders now work together to meet patients’ pharmacy needs and further departmental safety, quality, and cost-saving goals. Decentralized service hours have been expanded through operational efficiencies, including use of automation (e.g., computerized provider order entry, wireless computers on wheels used during rounds with physician teams). Nine clinical specialist positions were replaced by five team leader positions and four pharmacists functioning in decentralized roles. Additional staff pharmacist positions were shifted into decentralized roles, and the hospital was divided into areas served by teams including five to eight pharmacists. Technicians are directly responsible for medication distribution. No individual’s job was eliminated. Conclusion The new practice model allowed better alignment of staff with departmental goals, expanded pharmacy hours and services, more efficient medication distribution, improved employee engagement, and a staff succession plan.
Effects of the ρ-nucleon total cross-section on photopion production in the forward direction

The possible contribution of a ρ-exchange process to the photoproduction of ρ-mesons, which subsequently decay to high-energy pions at very small angles, is examined when the ρ-nucleon vertex is replaced by the total cross-section for ρ-induced reactions.
Constraints on dark energy with the LOSS SN Ia sample

We present a cosmological analysis of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) photometry sample introduced by Ganeshalingam et al. (2010). These SNe provide an effective anchor point to estimate cosmological parameters when combined with datasets at higher redshift. The data presented by Ganeshalingam et al. (2010) have been rereduced in the natural system of the KAIT and Nickel telescopes to minimise systematic uncertainties. We have run the light-curve-fitting software SALT2 on our natural-system light curves to measure light-curve parameters for LOSS light curves and available SN Ia datasets in the literature. We present a Hubble diagram of 586 SNe in the redshift range z=0.01-1.4 with a residual scatter of 0.176 mag. Of the 226 low-z objects in our sample, 91 objects are from LOSS, including 45 SNe without previously published distances. Assuming a flat Universe, we find that the best fit for the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w = -0.86^+0.13_-0.16 (stat) +- 0.11 (sys) from SNe alone, consistent with a cosmological constant. Our data prefer a Universe with an accelerating rate of expansion with 99.999% confidence. When looking at Hubble residuals as a function of host-galaxy morphology, we do not see evidence for a significant trend, although we find a somewhat reduced scatter in Hubble residuals from SNe residing within a projected distance < 10 kpc of the host-galaxy nucleus (\sigma = 0.156 mag). We find that Hubble residuals do not correlate with the expansion velocity of Si II \lambda 6355 measured in optical spectra near maximum light. Our data are consistent with no presence of a local "Hubble bubble." Improvements in cosmological analyses within low-z samples can be achieved by better constraining calibration uncertainties in the zero points of photometric systems.
Transcultural Risk Communication on Dauphin Island: An Analysis of Ironically Located Responses to the Deepwater Horizon Disaster

This article uses the ironic delivery sites of rhetorics surrounding the Deepwater Horizon disaster to foreground the importance of transcultural communication in constructing risk. Whereas hegemonic entities used community centers as spaces for dissemination, local actants took up digital media. With ecocritical and ecological-economic approaches, this article uses actor-network theory and the concept of digital guerrilla media to frame risk as being produced by complex transcultural networks that take into account the importance of location.
Effect of modification of insulin on specific binding in insulin-resistant sera

Abstract The nature of the binding of insulin to a factor in serum from insulin-resistant subjects was studied by using insulin-I 131 and the technique of hydrodynamic flow on paper. The level of the binding factor generally increased with increased amounts of insulin taken by the subjects. Insulin did not bind to serum containing large quantities of unrelated antibodies. The presence of various proteins, hormones, sulfhydryl and disulfide compounds, heavy metals, and tolbutamide did not interfere with the binding mechanism. Insulins modified by carboxypeptidase or dinitrobenzene sulfonate, or by acetylation, diazotization, or mild esterification competed with insulin-I 131 for the binding sites. Esterified or oxidized insulins did not compete, but were shown to have undergone gross chemical changes. The data indicate that ionized groups play a minor role in the insulin-binding factor complex.
Annexin and APS: the clot thickens

Comment on Cesarman-Maus et al, page [4375][1] Anti–annexin A2 antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome accentuate endothelial cells and impair annexin A2–stimulated plasminogen activation. Autoantibody-mediated endothelial activation may play an important role in the
A Prospective Study of the Ophthalmologic Findings in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A prospective evaluation of ophthalmologic findings in 26 patients (25 men and one woman) with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome disclosed that 19 patients had significant ocular abnormalities. These included isolated retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, cytomegalovirus retinitis, acute retinal necrosis, cranial nerve palsies, and orbital Kaposi's sarcoma. Hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots appeared and disappeared spontaneously. Cytomegalovirus retinitis and acute retinal necrosis were progressive and destructive. The fundus findings did not correlate with the patient's general clinical status.
The tyranny of Athens: Representations of rhetorical democracy in eighteenth‐century Britain

Abstract In an age in which “democracy”; is viewed as synonymous for legitimacy in government, it is easy to overestimate the positive influence of Athenian democracy on the history of rhetoric and politics. However, a survey of eighteenth‐century commentaries on ancient Greece reveals consistent hostility toward the underpinning rhetorical dynamic of Athenian popular government. An understanding of the anti‐Athenian tradition is useful because it clarifies political assumptions that inform rhetorics of the early‐modern period. More broadly, it also demonstrates the importance of the historical relationship between rhetorical studies and classical studies.
Use of hydropulsion for the treatment of superficial corneal foreign bodies: 15 cases (1999-2013).

Objective—To describe the use of hydropulsion with sterile isotonic buffered ophthalmic solution (ie, eyewash) for the treatment of superficial corneal foreign bodies in veterinary patients and evaluate signalment, clinical findings, and outcomes following the procedure. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—11 dogs, 2 cats, and 2 horses. Procedures—Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients that underwent hydropulsion treatment for a superficial, nonpenetrating corneal foreign body confirmed by ophthalmic examination. Data regarding signalment, reason for evaluation, ocular diagnoses, and treatment were recorded. Hydropulsion was performed with a 6-mL syringe filled with eyewash solution and a 25-gauge needle with the needle tip removed. Owners and referring veterinarians of patients that did not have a recheck examination recorded were contacted by telephone for follow-up information. Results—The corneal foreign body was an incidental finding in 3 of 15 patients. The most com...
Ground state splitting and Zeeman effect in erbium ethylsulphate at 1.6°K

Abstract Transitions have been observed between the Zeeman split Stark components of the ground J -manifold in erbium ethylsulphate at 1.6°K. The transitions appear to be primarily magnetic dipole in character.
Accelerated solution of the frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations by engineering the eigenvalue distribution of the operator

We introduce a simple method to accelerate the convergence of iterative solvers of the frequency-domain Maxwell's equations for deep-subwavelength structures. Using the continuity equation, the method eliminates the high multiplicity of near-zero eigenvalues of the operator while leaving the operator nearly positive-definite. The impact of the modified eigenvalue distribution on the accelerated convergence is explained by visualizing residual vectors and residual polynomials.
NAD+ Deficiency in Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to contribute to mammalian aging, particularly in postmitotic tissues that rely heavily on oxidative phosphorylation. A new study (Gomes et al., 2013) shows that reduced levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) contribute to the mitochondrial decay associated with skeletal muscle aging and that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) modulates this process.
Expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) induces melanoma in transgenic mice

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS and mediates fast synaptic transmission upon activation of glutamate-gated ion channels. In addition, glutamate modulates a variety of other synaptic responses and intracellular signaling by activating metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are G protein-coupled receptors. The mGluRs are also expressed in nonneuronal tissues and are implicated in a variety of normal biological functions as well as diseases. To study mGluR-activated calcium signaling in neurons, we generated mGluR5 transgenic animals using a Thy1 promoter to drive expression in the forebrain, and one founder unexpectedly developed melanoma. To directly investigate the role of mGluR5 in melanoma formation, we generated mGluR5 transgenic lines under a melanocyte-specific promoter, tyrosinase-related protein 1. A majority of the founders showed a severe phenotype with early onset. Hyperpigmentation of the pinnae and tail could be detected as early as 3–5 d after birth for most of the mGluR5 transgene-positive mice. There was 100% penetrance in the progeny from the tyrosinase-related protein 1-mGluR5 lines generated from founders that developed melanoma. Expression of mGluR5 was detected in melanoma samples by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the expression of several cancer-related proteins in tumor samples and observed a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of ERK, implicating ERK as a downstream effector of mGluR5 signaling in tumors. Our findings show that mGluR5-mediated glutamatergic signaling can trigger melanoma in vivo. The aggressive growth and severe phenotype make these mouse lines unique and a potentially powerful tool for therapeutic studies.