cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placement of PMUs to Enable Bad Data Detection in State Estimation

As the phasor measurement units (PMUs) start populating the substations, their benefits for different power system application functions are being debated. One of these functions is the bad data processing that is commonly integrated into the state estimation. Bad data detection is closely related to the measurement redundancy in that bad data appearing in critical measurements cannot be detected. Such measurements, however, can be transformed into redundant measurements by adding few PMUs at strategic locations. In this paper, it will be shown that with few extra PMUs, the bad data detection and identification capability of a given system can be drastically improved. Description of the placement algorithm is given, and case studies carried out on different size test systems are presented
FDA's Recommendations on the Use of Long-Acting β2 Agonists in the Management of Asthma:

The revised labeling for long-acting β(2) agonists (LABAs) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is controversial and in part is inconsistent with the 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program asthma guidelines. Two large randomized controlled studies, the Serevent Nationwide Surveillance (SNS) study and the Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial (SMART), and a 2008 meta-analysis conducted by the FDA were the main sources of information used to determine the label changes. A paucity of large, well-designed, controlled, prospective studies evaluating the asthma-related risks associated with LABAs makes it difficult to reach a consensus regarding how best to use LABAs in patients with asthma.
Postnatal skeletal ontogeny in five Xantusiids (squamata: scleroglossa).

The construction of a comparative database of squamate postnatal skeletal development is continued with the detailed description of the mineralization of the skeleton from birth to near maximum size in Lepidophyma gaigeae and four Xantusia taxa. Observed patterns in the sequence of appearance of epiphyseal secondary centers, ossification centers, apophyseal ossifications, and calcifications, the distribution of sesamoids, and the timing of fusions are compared and contrasted with other squamates. Xantusiids share a similar sequence of braincase fusions, but differ in the sequence of appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal secondary centers. Relative to other squamates they exhibit an immature neonatal state of ossification, a delayed appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal secondary centers, and an accelerated appearance of apophyses. All five xantusiid taxa possess two sesamoids previously unreported in squamates. These observations add to the growing body of evidence that morphogenesis and osteogenesis are largely independent developmental phenomena. J. Morphol. 254:1–38, 2002. © 2002 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Using interval type-2 fuzzy logic to translate emotion words from Spanish to English

In this paper we describe a methodology that uses interval type-2 fuzzy logic to translate words that refer to emotions from Spanish to English. We build on previous research that aimed to map between emotional labels used in different natural language corpora. In this paper we extend our previous work by showing how a similar method can be used to translate between languages. First, we show how this methodology relates to other fuzzy logic emotion research, then we describe it, and finally show it in use and discuss its results.
Reduction of Threshold Voltage by Diffusion Control Technique in p-MISFETs Using Poly-Si/TiN/HfSiON Gate Stacks

The effects of the diffusion control technique by inserting physical vapor deposition (PVD)-TiN film between poly-Si and CVD-TiN films on the properties of p-MISFETs using poly-Si/TiN/HfSiON gate stacks have been studied. This insertion was effective in suppressing the diffusion of Si from poly-Si to HfSiON and was able to reduce the Vth value by 0.12 V while keeping the equivalent oxide thickness and S value constant, when the thicknesses of the PVD and CVD-TiN films were 10 and 5 nm, respectively. Although too much ion implantation of fluorine into the substrate deteriorates S value and ION, it was verified that this diffusion control technique, in conjunction with a moderate substrate fluorine implantation, provided a reduction of Vth in pMIS without a deterioration of ION.
Estradiol-17β Stimulates Specific Receptor and Endogenous Nitric Oxide-Dependent Dynamic Endothelial Protein S-Nitrosylation: Analysis of Endothelial Nitrosyl-Proteome

Covalent adduction of a nitrosyl group to cysteines [S-nitrosylation (S-NO)] is emerging as a key route for nitric oxide (NO) to directly modulate protein functions. Here, we studied the effects of estrogens on endothelial protein S-NO and analyzed the nitrosyl-proteomes by biotin/CyDye switch technique combined with two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and identified nitrosoproteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Estradiol-17beta (E2) rapidly stimulated protein S-NO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, maximizing within 10- to 30-min post-E2 (10 nm) exposure. E2-BSA also rapidly stimulated protein S-NO. Both E2 and E2-BSA-induced protein S-NO was blocked by ICI 182,780 and N-nitro-l-arginine-methylester. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressed estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and ERbeta; both seemed to be required for E2 stimulation of protein S-NO because: 1) neither ERalpha or ERbeta agonist alone, but their combination, stimulated protein S-NO; and 2) either ERalpha or ERbeta antagonist blocked E2-induced protein S-NO. Numerous nitrosoproteins (spots) were observed on two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel. One hundred spots of interest were picked up; 58 were identified and, of which 15 were novel nitrosoproteins, 28 were up-regulated, 11 were decreased, and the rest were unchanged by E2. Pathway analysis suggested that nitrosoproteins are involved in regulating various endothelial functions, including apoptosis, cell structure and metabolism, redox homeostasis, etc. Thus, estrogens stimulate dynamic endothelial protein S-NO via mechanisms linked to specific ERs possibly on the plasma membrane and endogenous NO. These findings signify a critical next step for the understanding of the biological targets of enhanced NO production by estrogens.
Intrauterine Oxygen Tension during the Estrous Cycle in the Guinea Pig: Its Relation to Uterine Blood Volume and Plasma Estrogen and Progesterone Levels

This study was undertaken to determine: 1) the oxygen tension (p02) within the lumen of the guinea pig uterus throughout the estrous cycle and during the preimplantation period; 2) the relationships between intrauterine p02, uterine blood volume (UBV) and endogenous plasma estradiol-1 7� (E) and progesterone (P) levels; and 3) the effects of exogenous ovarian steroid hormones on uterine blood volume and intraluminal p02. Mean arterial and venous p02 remained constant throughout the cycle. Mean intrauterine oxygen tension did not differ significantly from venous p02 except at the times of ovulation and uterine capacity for implantation. Intrauterine p02 increased rapidly to a peak during Day 0 (proestrus-estrus) and returned to venous levels by Day 1. A second dramatic increase in p02 began on Day 4, reached a peak on Day 6 and declined to venous levels by Day 8. Similarly, uterine blood volume remained at basal levels throughout the cycle except for dramatic increases at approximately the times of ovulation and uterine receptivity to the blastocyst. Also temporally correlated with the increases in intrauterine p02 and UBV were elevations in plasma E concentration. Estrogen was low throughout the cycle except on Days 0 and 6. Plasma progesterone peaked on Day 0, returned to basal levels on Day 1 and was elevated on Days 2-7. Intrauterine p02 increased following ovariectomy; exogenous estrogen administered to ovariectomized animals markedly elevated pO2; progesterone suppressed the postovariectomy increase in intraluminal p02, maintaining oxygen tension at venous levels; E + P briefly increased p02. Ovarian steroid treatments in ovariectomized animals resulted in changes in intrauterine p02 concomitant with those of UBV. Synchronous changes in plasma ovarian steroid levels, uterine blood volume and intrauterine oxygen tension suggest that intraluminal oxygen concentration is regulated in part by estrogen and progesterone via alterations in uterine hemodynamics. Furthermore, intrauterine p02 is low until the anticipated time of conceptus entry, but increases rapidly thereafter to maximum levels at the time of uterine receptivity to the ovum. The coincidence of peaks in p02 with ovulation and implantation suggests that increased intrauterine oxygen tension may play a role in sperm viability, conceptus development and implantation.
When the Cystic Fibrosis Label Does Not Fit: A Modified Uncertainty Theory

In this grounded, dimensional analysis we describe the experiences of five couples whose infants had equivocal diagnostic test results following positive genetic newborn screens for cystic fibrosis. We analyzed interview data collected at two points during each infant’s first year. Uncertainty emerged as the central thematic dimension. Results showed that parents passed through a series of stages similar to the process described in Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory (UIT), thus extending the application of the theory to circumstances in which the very presence of an illness is uncertain. Findings informed a modified version of the UIT comprised of five domains: stimuli frame, degree of uncertainty, opportunity— danger continuum, affective responses, and coping. This model incorporates Morse’s conception of suffering. Three contextual domains influenced parents’ experiences at various junctures along the uncertainty trajectory: individual characteristics, structure providers, and time. We discuss impli...
Work in progress - developing warm-up questions for strength of materials

This paper outlines our preliminary efforts to develop warm-up questions for Strength of Materials. These are conceptual questions that students answer before the topics the questions cover are introduced in class. The warm ups give instructors an idea of what students conceptions are before discussion begins, so the instructor can directly address students' specific difficulties as the topic is introduced. The questions that we are developing are still in flux, but our preliminary results indicate that while students remember some relevant information from the prerequisite Materials Science course, they have trouble knowing when to apply it.
Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related Air Pollution

AbstractBicycling as a mode of transportation is enjoying a boost in many urban areas around the world. Although there are clear health benefits of increased physical activity while bicycling, bicyclists may experience increased inhalation of traffic-related air pollutants. Bicyclists have two to five times higher respiration rates than travelers in motorized vehicles and this difference increases with bicycle travel speed and exertion level. The main goal of this work is to review the state of knowledge regarding urban bicyclists' intake and uptake of traffic-related air pollution and to identify key knowledge gaps. This review includes not only bicyclists' exposure to air pollution concentrations but also respiration rates, intake doses (the amount of pollutant that is inhaled), and uptake doses (the amount of pollutant that is incorporated into the body). Research gaps and opportunities for future research are discussed. This is the first review to specifically address bicyclists' health risks from tra...
Diurnal radiation cycle impact on the pregenesis environment of Hurricane Karl (2010)

AbstractThrough convection-permitting ensemble and sensitivity experiments, this study examines the impact of the diurnal radiation cycle on the pregenesis environment of Hurricane Karl (2010). It is found that the pregenesis environmental stability and the intensity of deep moist convection can be considerably modulated by the diurnal extremes in radiation. Nighttime destabilization of the local and large-scale environment through radiative cooling may promote deep moist convection and increase the genesis potential, likely enhancing the intensity of the resultant tropical cyclones. Modified longwave and shortwave radiation experiments found tropical cyclone development to be highly sensitive to the periodic cycle of heating and cooling, with suppressed formation in the daytime-only and no-radiation experiments and quicker intensification compared with the control for nighttime-only experiments.
Role Stress in the Professional Life of the School Music Teacher: A Collective Case Study:

The theoretical framework of this article is based on the description of occupational role stress by Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, and Snoek (1964) and Beehr (1987). The present study is an examination of si...
Multiple computer-automated structure evaluation study of aquatic toxicity II. Fathead minnow

An acute toxicity model was constructed on the basis of experimental data for 685 chemicals tested for toxicity for fathead minnow. The multiple computer-automated structure evaluation (M-CASE) program was used for the construction of the model. Based on a comparison between our results and published results, we found that the methodology is able to describe acute toxicity for the fathead minnow with high accuracy. The model incorporates the concept of a baseline activity as one of the parameters for the correlation as well as others parameters such as the presence of biophores, hardness-softness parameters, and other characteristics determined from quantum mechanical calculations. By using its artificial intelligence algorithm, M-CASE chooses automatically the most suitable set of parameters for evaluating the minnow toxicity of any organic molecule. We found that M-CASE can correctly predict acute toxicity for minnow for 80% of organic compounds with an average error of only 0.4 log units of lethal dose. The main toxicophores, corresponding to polar narcosis and to other types of reactive chemicals, were identified.
Zonotope bundles for the efficient computation of reachable sets

We introduce zonotope bundles for computing the set of states reachable by a dynamical system, also known as the reachable set. Reachable set computations suffer from the curse of dimensionality, which has been successfully addressed by using zonotopes for linear systems. However, zonotopes are not closed under intersection leading to challenges when applying them to nonlinear and hybrid problems. We introduce zonotope bundles as the intersection of zonotopes (without explicitly computing the intersection). Zonotope bundles are closed under intersection, while inheriting many positive properties of zonotopes. This is demonstrated for linear, nonlinear, and hybrid systems. A further property of zonotope bundles is that their computation can be easily parallelized.
Effect of episodic hypoxia on upper airway mechanics in humans during NREM sleep

We hypothesized that long-term facilitation (LTF) is due to decreased upper airway resistance (Rua). We studied 11 normal subjects during stable non-rapid eye movement sleep. We induced brief isoca...
Transmission of dipole radiation through interfaces and the phenomenon of anti-critical angles

Radiation emitted by an electric dipole consists of traveling and evanescent plane waves. Usually, only the traveling waves are observable by a measurement in the far field, since the evanescent waves die out over a length of approximately a wavelength from the source. We show that when the radiation is passed through an interface with a medium with an index of refraction larger than the index of refraction of the embedding medium of the dipole, a portion of the evanescent waves are converted into traveling waves, and they become observable in the far field. The same conclusion holds when the waves pass through a layer of finite thickness. Waves that are transmitted under an angle larger than the so-called anti-critical angle theta (1) ac are shown to originate in evanescent dipole waves. In this fashion, part of the evanescent spectrum of the radiation becomes amenable to observation in the far field. We also show that in many situations the power in the far field coming from evanescent waves greatly exceeds the power originating in traveling waves.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Phenotypically Resembling Parkinson Disease in a Black Family

Background: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), can present with parkinsonism. However, classically, atypical features, including pyramidal and cerebellar signs, peripheral neuropathy,and/or anterior horn cell dysfunction, are also seen. Levodopa responsiveness is unusual in this disorder. Objective: To determine the cause of apparent parkinsonism suggestive of Parkinson disease (PD) in a large family of African origin. Methods: We studied a large family in which apparent autosomal dominant parkinsonism suggestive of PD occurs in order to find the causal genetic mutation. Affected and unaffected family members were screened for the presence of a pathogenic expansion at the MJD/ SCA3 locus using a polymerase chain reaction polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis‐based assay. Results: Three of the 4 individuals who were examined have a phenotype reminiscent of PD. Specifically, they have at least 2 of the cardinal features, are levodopa responsive, and have no atypical features. All affected family members were shown to possess pathogenic expansions in the MJD/SCA3 gene. Conclusions: Parkinsonism suggestive of PD due to MJD/SCA3 has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. However, atypical, though also levodoparesponsive, parkinsonism has been previously reported to occur in African American families, suggesting that that this phenotype is associated with African ancestry. In this regard, it is perhaps significant that all the individuals with parkinsonism have relatively low numbers of repeats (normal, 16-34; pathologic, 60-84). In families in which linkage analysis is being performed to determine a locus for autosomal dominant parkinsonism suggestive of PD, evaluation for the MJD/SCA3 mutation is indicated.
New enumeration algorithm for protein structure comparison and classification

Protein structure comparison and classification is an effective method for exploring protein structure-function relations. This problem is computationally challenging. Many different computational approaches for protein structure comparison apply the secondary structure elements (SSEs) representation of protein structures. We study the complexity of the protein structure comparison problem based on a mixed-graph model with respect to different computational frameworks. We develop an effective approach for protein structure comparison based on a novel independent set enumeration algorithm. Our approach (named: ePC, e fficient e numeration-based P rotein structure C omparison) is tested for general purpose protein structure comparison as well as for specific protein examples. Compared with other graph-based approaches for protein structure comparison, the theoretical running-time O(1.47 rn n2) of our approach ePC is significantly better, where n is the smaller number of SSEs of the two proteins, r is a parameter of small value. Through the enumeration algorithm, our approach can identify different substructures from a list of high-scoring solutions of biological interest. Our approach is flexible to conduct protein structure comparison with the SSEs in sequential and non-sequential order as well. Supplementary data of additional testing and the source of ePC will be available at http://bioinformatics.astate.edu/ .
Decriminalizing drunk driving: a means to effective punishment

The author argues for administrative license revocation laws for drunk drivers, instead of criminal sentencing. A typical license may be taken for 90 days, with longer periods of revocation if a person suspected of drunk driving refuses a breath test. The driving public has been shown to view license revocation as a serious punishment. Compared with drivers who keep their licenses but undergo education and therapy programs, drivers losing licenses have fewer subsequent crashes and violations.
Catalysis-dependent selenium incorporation and migration in the nitrogenase active site iron-molybdenum cofactor

Dinitrogen reduction in the biological nitrogen cycle is catalyzed by nitrogenase, a two-component metalloenzyme. Understanding of the transformation of the inert resting state of the active site FeMo-cofactor into an activated state capable of reducing dinitrogen remains elusive. Here we report the catalysis dependent, site-selective incorporation of selenium into the FeMo-cofactor from selenocyanate as a newly identified substrate and inhibitor. The 1.60 A resolution structure reveals selenium occupying the S2B site of FeMo-cofactor in the Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe-protein, a position that was recently identified as the CO-binding site. The Se2B-labeled enzyme retains substrate reduction activity and marks the starting point for a crystallographic pulse-chase experiment of the active site during turnover. Through a series of crystal structures obtained at resolutions of 1.32-1.66 A, including the CO-inhibited form of Av1-Se2B, the exchangeability of all three belt-sulfur sites is demonstrated, providing direct insights into unforeseen rearrangements of the metal center during catalysis.
Charge trapping and detrapping in HfO 2 high- k gate stacks

We report on charge transfer (trapping and detrapping) dynamics in ultrathin poly-Si gated NFET devices with ultrathin HfO2 high-k gate dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The focus of this work is twofold: (i) to investigate the role of processing on charge trapping in the ALD HfO2 stacks and (ii) to study trapped charge (in)stability (i.e., detrapping) as a function of temperature, gate bias and light illumination. The kinetics of both trapping and detrapping suggest the existence of more than one kind of existing traps with their energy levels located deep in the forbidden gap of the insulator.
Exercise-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Two patients, ages 16 and 28, with left temporal lobe seizures induced by exercise are reported from Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia.
An intrinsic characterization of Kähler manifolds

On etudie la condition de Kahler pour une variete complexe compacte. On caracterise les varietes complexes compactes qui admettent des metriques de Kahler
Serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity and lateral ventricular size in affective disorders and schizophrenia

Previous studies have reported a significant negative correlation between cerebrospinal fluid DBH activity and ventricular brain ratio (VBR) in schizophrenic patients. We now report a significant negative correlation between log serum DBH activity and VBR in 28 patients with major depression (r = -0.41, p = 0.04); this correlation was also negative (r = -0.15), but not significant, in 46 schizophrenics. Eight patients (five schizophrenic, three affective disorder) with increased VBR had significantly lower serum DBH activity than the patients with normal VBR. The relationship between low CSF or serum DBH activity and increased VBR may be manifestations of the polygenetic vulnerability common to the major psychoses.
Tarabai (1675–1761): the rise of Brahmins in politics

Between 1700 and 1710, just when Papadu was most active in Telangana, a powerful anti-Mughal resistance movement convulsed the Marathi-speaking western Deccan. The movement was led by Tarabai, one of the most remarkable women in Indian history. Born in 1675, just several months after Shivaji Bhosle had launched the new Maratha state, Tarabai was married to Shivaji's second son, Rajaram. Let us for a moment leave Tarabai in Panhala's prison, step back, and consider some of the broader trends taking place in Maharashtrian society during her lifetime, especially between 1714 and 1748 when she was in confinement. Tarabai's career divides into three distinct periods. In the first, comprising the twenty years between her flight to Jinji and her imprisonment in Panhala. The second period of Tarabai's career encompassed thirty-four years when, being either imprisoned or confined, she simply disappeared from public view. In the third period, she emerged for thirteen more years in the public spotlight as a powerful dowager.
The Classic Text: Hobbes’ Leviathan

Where the raison d’etre of moral practices is taken to be the maintenance of a tolerable social life among human beings naturally prone to conflict as a result of their conflicting and competing interests, desires and needs, the upshot is what I have wanted to call ‘the politicization of morality’. Glaucon offers such a ‘purposive’ conception of morality. He speaks of ‘justice’ as a means to security and so to satisfaction. He speaks of it as a means of escape from an original condition characterized by the constant threat that one will suffer ‘injustice’ at the hands of others without the power of retaliation. The move from Glaucon’s ‘popular account’ of the origin and nature of justice to Hobbes’ Leviathan might be said to be the move from rather crude historical speculation to quite sophisticated metaphysics. But in both cases one meets the same conception of morality or justice. For Hobbes, the introduction of right, wrong, justice and injustice into relations among men comes with the erection of the commonwealth — ‘Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice’ (I, 13, 83).1 And of the erection of the commonwealth he writes: The final cause, end, or design of men, who naturally love liberty, and dominion over others, in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, in which we see them live in commonwealth, is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby; that is to say, of getting themselves out of that miserable condition of war, which is necessarily consequent, as hath been shown, to the natural passions of men, when there is no visible power to keep them in awe… (II, 17, 109)
Thyroglobulin for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Measurement and Interferences

Thyroglobulin, the major protein product of thyroid follicular cells, is not produced by other cells in the body. Two principal immunoassay formats exist to measure thyroglobulin and are affected in different ways by the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies and other interfering substances. Most laboratories currently use double antibody (sandwich) methods, which can reliably detect lower concentrations of thyroglobulin, can measure higher values without dilution, and have lower likelihood of interference from cross-reactive substances. These assays will give falsely low results in the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies, but can produce falsely increased results in the presence of heterophile antibodies or rheumatoid factor. Older competitive immunoassays have a limited ability to detect low concentrations of thyroglobulin, must be diluted at high concentrations, and are potentially subject to interference from similar molecules in the circulation. In the presence of circulating anti-thyroglobulin, results are more commonly falsely increased than decreased; however, interference from heterophile antibodies and rheumatoid factor is usually minimal or absent. Recently developed mass spectrometry-based assays have the potential to reduce or eliminate these interferences, but assays currently available are not as sensitive as the best immunoassays and they have not been validated in clinical studies. While preoperative thyroglobulin has limited clinical utility, thyroglobulin measurements are commonly used to detect residual thyroid tissue or tumor in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who lack thyroglobulin antibodies. Increased thyroglobulin while on thyroid hormone suppression indicates a high likelihood of residual or metastatic thyroid cancer. In addition, undetectable thyroglobulin while on thyroid hormone suppression after remnant ablation or a negative whole-body iodine scan or TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin is relatively sensitive as a sole test. TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin is a sensitive marker of residual thyroid tissue and may be positive in persons with no evident residual radioiodine uptake; in some of these patients, subsequent stimulated thyroglobulin measurements become undetectable on repeat testing.
Image and Video Everywhere

During the past decade, there have been substantial technological advances in the ways we capture, produce, edit, share, remix, and distribute images and videos. In parallel with more sophisticated gadgets and apps, our habits have also changed, from the way we watch TV to the number of images we produce, consume, and share every day. This chapter focuses on apps, gadgets, websites, and social networks whose primary emphasis is on visual information. We present a selected set of apps and techniques used to capture, produce, edit, share, remix, and distribute images and videos. We also discuss some of the technical challenges behind the tasks of organizing, annotating, and finding relevant images and videos.
BER improvement of PRCPM in mobile radio channels with differential detection using decision feedback equalization

The bit-error-rate (BER) improvement of partial-response continuous-phase-modulation (PRCPM) signals in fast Rayleigh fading that is achieved by adding a postdetection decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) to cancel the effect of intersymbol interference of one adjacent bit is investigated. A closed-form expression for the average probability of error in fast fading is derived for one-bit differential detection with decision feedback. Numerical results are presented to compare the BER performance of one-bit differential detection with and without feedback equalization. It is found that, in general, adding DFE improves the BER performance in fast fading. >
Every breath you take: physiology and the ecology of knowing in meditative practice

As a physiologist interested in contemplative practice and meditation I have enjoyed the opportunity of lecturing to students engaged in the study of contemplation. My pedagogic role was to expose them to some of what we know of the biological phenomena that are or may be taking place during various meditative states — explicating for them the details of how the human body actually works. In the course of working with students and faculty engaged in meditation I formulated the following questions relating biological science and contemplative practice: What should a practitioner or a teacher of meditation know about basic human anatomy and physiology? Is it necessary for someone engaging in contemplative practice to understand how the human organism is actually put together and how it works? Will knowledge of how the various organs work with one another enhance one's ability to meditate or can we dispense with this information and suffer no consequences in our practice? The fundamental importance of somatic or physical phenomena in meditative practice (for example in control of breath, heart rate, or metabolism) and most people's lack of understanding of basic human anatomy and physiology led me to answer yes to all of these questions. In this paper I outline the physiological knowledge and particular insights I have found useful for enhancing a person's understanding of how we breathe, how we regulate our heart rate, and how we control our metabolic rate in 'control' or non-meditative states and the kinds of changes we might expect in a meditating subject. I link what is perhaps the fundamental principle of physiology, the concept of 'homeostasis', with the balance and integration of the body systems sought by people engaged in contemplation. Mind-body harmony or an enhanced awareness of this linkage between the mind and the body can, in my opinion, be more fully realized when coupled with an understanding of what Hippocrates called, 'the nature of the body', that is, what the body actually does and how it does it.
The information plan for Celerity Enterprises, Inc.: a teaching case

Celerity Enterprises competes in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. At the start of the case, business conditions are favorable for them to launch a new production facility to manufacture flash memory. The new facility must achieve exceptionally ambitious productivity and cost goals. A facility-level strategic planning process reveals opportunities to substitute information for other more-expensive resources. By the end of the case, just a few months later, worldwide economic conditions change radically and the future of the new facility is in jeopardy. The case describes the participants, the planning process and findings. It provides a rich setting to discuss aligning information and business planning, realities of the volatile industry, outsourcing for IS planning leadership, and using a combination of top-down and bottom-up planning.
The Evolution of the Periodic Safety Update Report

The periodic safety update report (PSUR) has evolved to serve purposes beyond those originally envisioned by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Working Group II and increasingly requires resources and customization by pharmaceutical companies to meet the expectations of regulatory authorities. By tracing its evolution from a harmonized document to reassure regulatory authorities that companies were periodically reviewing safety data to a more customized document focusing on benefit-risk, one can begin to answer the question “Is the PSUR still fit for purpose?” The European Commission’s vision of a document periodically assessing the benefit-risk of the product, provided it is applied across the entire product lifecycle and adopted globally, would best serve the goals of harmonization across regulatory authorities, transparency between companies and regulatory authorities and, most importantly, optimization of benefit-risk for patients. Until the content and periodicity of such a document can be agreed upon between regulatory authorities and industry, PSURs can continue to meet the goal of transparency, but harmonization of content should be re-emphasized so that resources for production and review are appropriately focused.
Prevalence of incidental germline pathogenic (PV) and likely pathogenic (LPV) variants in hereditary cancer-related genes identified in matched tumor/normal sequencing of advanced solid tumors.

1524Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for tumor molecular profiling can reveal germline incidental mutations in hereditary cancer-related genes. The American College of Medical Genetics ...
Modular-extramodular organization in developing multisensory shell regions of the mouse inferior colliculus.

The complex neuroanatomical connections of the inferior colliculus (IC) and its major subdivisions offer a juxtaposition of segregated processing streams with distinct organizational features. While the tonotopically layered central nucleus (CNIC) is well-documented, less is known about functional compartments in the neighboring lateral cortex (LCIC). In addition to a laminar framework, LCIC afferent-efferent patterns suggest a multimodal mosaic, consisting of a patchy modular network with surrounding extramodular domains. The present study utilizes several neurochemical markers that reveal an emerging LCIC modular-extramodular microarchitecture. In newborn and post-hearing C57BL/6J and CBA/CaJ mice, histochemical and immunocytochemical stains were performed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), cytochrome oxidase (CO), and calretinin (CR). Discontinuous layer 2 modules are positive for AChE, NADPH-d, GAD, and CO throughout the rostrocaudal LCIC. While not readily apparent at birth, discrete cell clusters emerge over the first postnatal week, yielding an identifiable modular network prior to hearing onset. Modular boundaries continue to become increasingly distinct with age, as surrounding extramodular fields remain largely negative for each marker. Alignment of modular markers in serial sections suggests each highlight the same periodic patchy network throughout the nascent LCIC. In contrast, CR patterns appear complementary, preferentially staining extramodular LCIC zones. Double-labeling experiments confirm that NADPH-d, the most consistent developmental modular marker, and CR label separate, non-overlapping LCIC compartments. Determining how this emerging modularity may align with similar LCIC patch-matrix-like Eph/ephrin guidance patterns, and how each interface with, and potentially influence developing multimodal LCIC projection configurations is discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of stemofurans C, L and T using organomanganese arene chemistry; Revised structure for stemofuran L

Abstract The synthesis of stemofurans C, L and T was achieved using organomanganese arene complexes. The critical carbon-carbon bond between the C-2 position of benzofuran and the arene was established in a regioselective manner directed by the cationic manganese tricarbonyl moiety. Oxidation of the resulting dienyl complexes and cleavage of the methyl ethers gave the desired stemofuran products. The spectroscopic data for the originally proposed structure for stemofuran L did not match the synthesized material, which prompted the synthesis of an isomer that did match the spectroscopic data. This revised structure has been proposed as the correct structure for stemofuran L.
Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.

Importance Delirium is defined as an acute disorder of attention and cognition. It is a common, serious, and often fatal condition among older patients. Although often underrecognized, delirium has serious adverse effects on the individual’s function and quality of life, as well as broad societal effects with substantial health care costs. Objective To summarize the current state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of delirium and to highlight critical areas for future research to advance the field. Evidence Review Search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for the past 6 years, from January 1, 2011, until March 16, 2017, using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keyword terms. Since delirium is more prevalent in older adults, the focus was on studies in elderly populations; studies based solely in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non–English-language articles were excluded. Findings Of 127 articles included, 25 were clinical trials, 42 cohort studies, 5 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and 55 were other categories. A total of 11 616 patients were represented in the treatment studies. Advances in diagnosis have included the development of brief screening tools with high sensitivity and specificity, such as the 3-Minute Diagnostic Assessment; 4 A’s Test; and proxy-based measures such as the Family Confusion Assessment Method. Measures of severity, such as the Confusion Assessment Method–Severity Score, can aid in monitoring response to treatment, risk stratification, and assessing prognosis. Nonpharmacologic approaches focused on risk factors such as immobility, functional decline, visual or hearing impairment, dehydration, and sleep deprivation are effective for delirium prevention and also are recommended for delirium treatment. Current recommendations for pharmacologic treatment of delirium, based on recent reviews of the evidence, recommend reserving use of antipsychotics and other sedating medications for treatment of severe agitation that poses risk to patient or staff safety or threatens interruption of essential medical therapies. Conclusions and Relevance Advances in diagnosis can improve recognition and risk stratification of delirium. Prevention of delirium using nonpharmacologic approaches is documented to be effective, while pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium remains controversial.
The Extent and Reasons for U.S. Airport City Development

Airport cities – concentrations of employment – may have emerged near the major airports of large metropolitan areas. As the U.S. economy is nearly three times as air-intensive as it was in the 1950s, the “aerotropolis” thesis holds that airport cities are a direct consequence of increased air-intensity. The “urban land” thesis holds that airport cities are artifacts of land use changes brought about by metropolitan growth and employment suburbanization. Analysis using Census small area employment data for the 51 largest U.S. metropolitan regions found airport city employment to be one-third to one-half as large as that in CBDs, depending upon the spatial operationalization used. The size of airport city employment was unrelated to metropolitan aviation-intensity but was negatively related to distance from the CBD. The sectors represented indicate that airport cities are comprised of transportation-providing employment, some transportation-supporting employment, but not the concentration of transportation-using employment central to the aerotropolis thesis.
Visualization of Double-Stranded RNA Colocalizing With Pattern Recognition Receptors in Arenavirus Infected Cells

An important step in the initiation of the innate immune response to virus infection is the recognition of non-self, viral RNA, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). For many positive-sense RNA viruses and DNA viruses, the production of viral dsRNA, and the interaction of viral dsRNA and PRRs are well characterized. However, for negative-sense RNA viruses, viral dsRNA was thought to be produced at low to undetectable levels and PRR recognition of viral dsRNA is still largely unclear. In the case of arenaviruses, the nucleocaspid protein (NP) has been identified to contain an exoribonuclease activity that preferentially degrades dsRNA in biochemical studies. Nevertheless, pathogenic New World (NW) arenavirus infections readily induce an interferon (IFN) response in a RIG-I dependent manner, and also activate the dsRNA-dependent Protein Kinase R (PKR). To better understand the innate immune response to pathogenic arenavirus infection, we used a newly identified dsRNA-specific antibody that efficiently detects viral dsRNA in negative-sense RNA virus infected cells. dsRNA was detected in NW arenavirus infected cells colocalizing with virus NP in immunofluorescence assay. Importantly, the dsRNA signals also colocalized with cytoplasmic PRRs, namely, PKR, RIG-I and MDA-5, as well as with the phosphorylated, activated form of PKR in infected cells. Our data clearly demonstrate the PRR recognition of dsRNA and their activation in NW arenavirus infected cells. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between NW arenaviruses and the host innate immune response.
Computer-Generated Holograms

Computer-generated holograms (CGH’s) are diffractive-optical elements that offer the possibility of creating wave-optical display systems that are under complete computer control. Because CGH’s can control all aspects of the optical wave, three-dimensional imagery can be presented to an audience. After reviewing some mathematical preliminaries that are essential to the description of CGH’s, we move to the description of their construction and operation. We include descriptions of the effects that some common imperfections have on the image presented by a CGH. Although CGH’s have been successfully applied in applied in many areas including optical testing and security, we concentrate our attention on 3-D display. We will also examine some basic conditions on the use of CGH’s for video display of these images.
Predictors of Nonneurologic Complications and Increased Length of Stay After Cervical Spine Osteotomy

Background Although previous studies have used National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data to study complications of thoracolumbar spinal deformity surgery, investigation of cervical spine deformity surgery has been limited. We performed a retrospective analysis of the NSQIP database to identify predictors of complications after cervical spine osteotomy. Methods Patients undergoing cervical spine osteotomy were identified in the NSQIP dataset using Current Procedural Terminology codes from years 2007–2016. For each patient, patient and case clinical characteristics, length of stay (LOS), and diagnosis of a nonneurologic complication (including reoperation and readmission) were abstracted. Patient and case clinical predictors of any of the reported complications and increased LOS were identified in multivariate logistic and Poisson regression analyses, respectively. Results There were 950 patients identified with mean age 56.1 ± 12.4 years and mean body mass index 29.9 ± 6.8. Mean LOS was 3.5 ± 4.9 days. Overall medical complication rate was 15.8%. The most common complications were transfusion (78; 8.2%), readmission (45; 4.7%), reoperation (32; 3.4%), and reintubation (28; 3.0%). Risk factors for any complication included increased age (P = 0.0467), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification III (P = 0.0023) and IV (P = 0.0013), and increased operative duration (P Conclusions This study is the largest to date of patients undergoing cervical osteotomy and provides useful clinical data for patient selection and counseling and 30-day reoperation and readmission rates.
Smoke complaints caused by wildland fire in the southern Sierra Nevada region, California

Mega-fires are expected to increase in the Western United States. The state of the science suggests that the best mitigation to prevent destructive forest fires is to reintroduce ecologically beneficial fire, but this can only be accomplished with public support. The objective of this study is to identify the concerns of citizens in central California adjacent to the fire-prone Sierra Nevada Mountains who generate formal complaints about smoke exposure from forest fires. Twenty-seven smoke complaints from 2009 to 2013 were analysed from two air pollution control districts operating in this area. The complaints were submitted via email, letter, or phone to their respective air pollution control districts. Complaint transcripts were reviewed using standard qualitative data analysis procedures. The primary concerns recorded were that smoke from the fires caused health problems, required lifestyle change, and negatively impacted the local economy. Complaints often incorporated statements communicating dislike or mistrust of current forest fire policy and management and suggested no amount of smoke was acceptable. For these formal complaints, the solution was an immediate stop to the burning. The findings of this study can be used to develop appropriate communication and educational campaigns.
Distribution of Extracellular Flavins in a Coastal Marine Basin and Their Relationship to Redox Gradients and Microbial Community Members.

The flavins (including flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and riboflavin (RF)) are a class of organic compounds synthesized by organisms to assist in critical redox reactions. While known to be secreted extracellularly by some species in laboratory-based cultures, flavin concentrations are largely unreported in the natural environment. Here, we present pore water and water column profiles of extracellular flavins (FMN and RF) and two degradation products (lumiflavin and lumichrome) from a coastal marine basin in the Southern California Bight alongside ancillary geochemical and 16S rRNA microbial community data. Flavins were detectable at picomolar concentrations in the water column (93–300 pM FMN, 14–40 pM RF) and low nanomolar concentrations in pore waters (250–2070 pM FMN, 11–210 pM RF). Elevated pore water flavin concentrations displayed an increasing trend with sediment depth and were significantly correlated with the total dissolved Fe (negative) and Mn (positive) concentrations. Network analysis revealed a...