cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Data Reduction with Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Wavelet Decomposition

This paper proposes a two-step approach for biomedical data reduction, specifically for electrocardiogram signals (ECG), electroencephalograms (EEG), and Magnetic Resonance images. The approach adopted here involves Sub-Nyquist sampling (using Modulated Wideband Convertor MWC), and wavelet based compression. The data is acquired via Sub-Nyquist sampling first which results in reduced data storage requirements then compressed via wavelet decomposition by removing unnecessary details. Experimental results show the potential of the combined techniques to reduce the storage requirements of the biomedical data significantly yet maintaining a useful recovered biomedical signature.
Agent-based modeling and NetLogo in the introductory computer science curriculum: tutorial presentation

This paper summarizes a tutorial presented at the Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges: Central Plains annual conference in 2015. After introducing and surveying concepts and principles of agent-based and individual-based modeling (also known as multi-agent simulation), the tutorial presents the NetLogo agent-based programming language and modeling environment through examples and hands-on assignments. The tutorial concludes by looking at sample student assignments, and at the syllabi of a CS0/CS1 course making use of this computing paradigm and language. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant #DUE-1044806.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Nano Zirconium Phenylphosphonates with Molten Phenylphosphonic Acid.

Nanosized α-zirconium phenylphosphonate particles were successfully prepared by the reaction between different zirconium sources and molten phenylphosphonic acid in the absence of solvent. The resultant nanoplates exhibit particle sizes in the range of 15 to 30 nm. The use of a topotactic anion exchange method starting from α-zirconium phosphate instead resulted in the generation of 15 to 180 nm plates, while also resulting in nanoparticles with a higher degree of crystallinity. The topotactic anion exchange of the phosphate groups by phenylphosphonate groups could be performed to completion when performed in molten phenylphosphonic acid. Characterization of both the final products as well as the individual steps in the anion exchange were performed by powder XRD, fast neutron activation analysis, TGA, FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, solid-state NMR and XPS.
High-Ge-Content SiGe Alloy Single Crystals Using the Nanomembrane Platform

The growth of single crystals of Ge-rich SiGe alloys in an extended composition range is demonstrated using the nanomembrane (NM) platform and III-V growth substrates. Thin films of high-Ge-content SiGe films are grown on GaAs(001) to below the kinetic critical thickness and released from the growth substrate by selectively etching a release layer to relax the strain. The resulting crystalline nanomembranes at the natural lattice constant of the alloy are transferred to a new host and epitaxially overgrown at similar compositions to make a thicker single crystal. Straightforward critical-thickness calculations demonstrate that a very wide range of group IV alloys, including those involving Sn, can be fabricated using the NM platform and the proper choice of III-V substrate. Motivations for making new group IV alloys center on band gap engineering for the development of novel group IV optoelectronic structures and devices.
Application Analysis Of The Comprehensive Evaluation On Research Performance of a upper first-class hospital in Guangxi With Comprehensive index method

Objective To discuss the effect of evaluation on research performance of a upper first-class hospital in Guangxi by comprehensive index method,and to verify the scientific and practical of this method.Methods Five indexes for evaluating the research performance were selected,and different weight to each index was endowed.The original data were translated,comprehensive index method was applied to evaluate the research performance of that hospital from 2007 to 2012.Results The final sorting results were obtained through the comprehensive index method.Of the output quality from 2007 to 2012,year 2012 ranked the first,the comprehensive index value is 2.413;and year 2007 ranked the last,the value is 0.138.Conclusions The value was high relative,which accorded with the fact,comprehensive index method can evaluate the research performance precisely and rationally. Key words: Comprehensive index method; Comprehensive evaluation; Research performance
Term Revealing: Furthering Quantization at Run Time on Quantized DNNs.

We present a novel technique, called Term Revealing (TR), for furthering quantization at run time for improved performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) already quantized with conventional quantization methods. TR operates on power-of-two terms in binary expressions of values. In computing a dot-product computation, TR dynamically selects a fixed number of largest terms to use from the values of the two vectors in the dot product. By exploiting normal-like weight and data distributions typically present in DNNs, TR has a minimal impact on DNN model performance (i.e., accuracy or perplexity). We use TR to facilitate tightly synchronized processor arrays, such as systolic arrays, for efficient parallel processing. We show an FPGA implementation that can use a small number of control bits to switch between conventional quantization and TR-enabled quantization with a negligible delay. To enhance TR efficiency further, we use a signed digit representation (SDR), as opposed to classic binary encoding with only nonnegative power-of-two terms. To perform conversion from binary to SDR, we develop an efficient encoding method called HESE (Hybrid Encoding for Signed Expressions) that can be performed in one pass looking at only two bits at a time. We evaluate TR with HESE encoded values on an MLP for MNIST, multiple CNNs for ImageNet, and an LSTM for Wikitext-2, and show significant reductions in inference computations (between 3-10x) compared to conventional quantization for the same level of model performance.
Antitrust and the Corporate Tax, 1909–1928

Between the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, the question of what to do about “trusts” dominated American political life. Before 1889, the dominant form of amalgamating competing businesses was the trust, because corporations could not hold shares in other corporations, and instead the shareholders would exchange their shares for trust certificates. But in 1889 New Jersey (the “traitor state”, according to muckraking journalist Lincoln Steffens) changed its corporate law to allow for holding company structures, setting of a great wave of amalgamations in areas like oil, tobacco, sugar and steel. This paper will focus on one attempt to address the “trust problem” by means other than the Sherman Act (which faced some resistance in the courts, as the government lost the E.C. Knight case in the Supreme Court in 1895 and barely won the Northern Securities case in 1905). This was the corporate tax act of 1909, which as will be seen below, was primarily intended as an antitrust measure. However, after the enactment of the Clayton Act and the creation of the FTC in 1914, the corporate tax was less needed as an antitrust measure, and between 1919 and 1928 its antitrust features were largely eliminated.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Callings for University Students: An Examination of Mentoring and Insight Experiences:

Past research has found that callings have a significant impact on important individual and organizational outcomes, but research on the precursors of callings is limited. In the current study, we ...
Remote Control: A Simple Deadlock Avoidance Scheme for Modular Systems-on-Chip

Ever increasing performance demand and shrinking in the transistor size together result in complex and dense packing in large chips. That motivates designers to opt for many small specialized hardware modules in a chip to extract maximum performance benefits with relatively lower complexity and cost. These altogether opens up new directions for heterogeneous modular System-on-Chip (SoC) research, where a large system is built by assembling small independently designed chiplets (small chips). We focus on the communication aspect of such SoCs, especially the newly observed deadlock among chiplets. Even though deadlock is a classic problem in networks and many solutions are available, the modular SoC design demands customized solutions that preserves the design flexibility for chiplet designers. We propose Remote Control (RC) , a simple routing oblivious deadlock avoidance scheme based on selective injection-control mechanism. Along with guarantee on deadlock freedom, RC aims to provide a methodology to make each independently designed chiplet seamlessly integrate in any modular SoCs. We achieve up to 56.34% throughput and 15.49% zero load latency improvements on synthetic traffic and up to 20% speedup on real workloads taken from vast range of benchmark suites, over the state-of-the-art turn restriction based technique applied in the modular SoC domain.
Sizing of airborne particles in an operating room.

Medical procedures that produce aerosolized particles are under great scrutiny due to the recent concerns surrounding the COVID-19 virus and increased risk for nosocomial infections. For example, thoracostomies, tracheotomies and intubations/extubations produce aerosols that can linger in the air. The lingering time is dependent on particle size where, e.g., 500 μm (0.5 mm) particles may quickly fall to the floor, while 1 μm particles may float for extended lengths of time. Here, a method is presented to characterize the size of 600 μm particles resulting from surgery in an operating room (OR). The particles are measured in-situ (next to a patient on an operating table) through a 75mm aperture in a ∼400 mm rectangular enclosure with minimal flow restriction. The particles and gasses exiting a patient are vented through an enclosed laser sheet while a camera captures images of the side-scattered light from the entrained particles. A similar optical configuration was described by Anfinrud et al.; however, we present here an extended method which provides a calibration method for determining particle size. The use of a laser sheet with side-scattered light provides a large FOV and bright image of the particles; however, the particle image dilation caused by scattering does not allow direct measurement of particle size. The calibration routine presented here is accomplished by measuring fixed particle distribution ranges with a calibrated shadow imaging system and mapping these measurements to the in-situ imaging system. The technique used for generating and measuring these particles is described. The result is a three-part process where 1) particles of varying sizes are produced and measured using a calibrated, high-resolution shadow imaging method, 2) the same particle generators are measured with the in-situ imaging system, and 3) a correlation mapping is made between the (dilated) laser image size and the measured particle size. Additionally, experimental and operational details of the imaging system are described such as requirements for the enclosure volume, light management, air filtration and control of various laser reflections. Details related to the OR environment and requirements for achieving close proximity to a patient are discussed as well.
Gender and climate change views in context: a cross-national multilevel analysis

Women express statistically significantly greater climate change concern than men in a number of countries, but this gender gap is not universal around the world. We use multilevel models with cros...
Studying the Conditions for Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Flares with and without Precursor Flares

Abstract Forecasting of solar flares remains a challenge due to the limited understanding of the underlying physical processes of these events, in particular magnetic reconnection. Studies have indicated that changes to the photospheric magnetic fields associated with magnetic reconnection – particularly in relation to the field helicity – occur during solar flare events. This study utilized data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and SpaceWeather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs) to analyze full vector-field component data of the photospheric magnetic field during solar flare events within a near decade long HMI dataset. Analysis of the data was used to identify and compare the trends of differing flare classes for varying time intervals leading up to an event, as well as the trends of flares that occur with and without a precursor flare, in order to discern signatures of the physical mechanisms involved. The data suggests that active regions that produce flares with precursors are continuing to evolve and appreciably more complex than those that produce a flare without a precursor. Additionally, precursor flares were found to enhance the shear across an active region, helping set up the conditions necessary for a larger solar flare to occur. Ultimately none of the SHARP parameters showed a distinct signature of magnetic reconnection.
Protein Precipitation Using Ammonium Sulfate

The basic theory of protein precipitation by addition of ammonium sulfate is presented and the most common applications are listed. Numerous tables are provided for calculating the appropriate amount of ammonium sulfate to add to a particular protein solution.
Spectroscopic photoelectric imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer - Its development and preliminary observational results

In order to observe extended astronomical objects at high spatial and spectral resolution, we have constructed a spectroscopic photoelectric imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer (SPIFI). Among the properties chosen for the instrument are an air-spaced, piezoelectrically scanned design allowing an accurately settable free spectral range and employing a single etalon of high finesse. Careful design of the etalon mountings and optical train preserves high light throughput. We either obtain spectra of single spatial elements with a photomultiplier or use an SEC vidicon detector to record a series of images through the interferometer while scanning the wavelength in discrete steps. The latter procedure yields sufficient information to reconstruct spectral features over the entire object. For the conditions assumed, either series of observations requires only a small fraction of a rotational period for Jupiter or Saturn, for example.
Coastal‐inland interactions in Burmese history: a long‐term perspective

The history of Burma, like that of many Southeast Asian countries, can be viewed in terms of the interaction between coastal regions and kingdoms, on the one hand, and more densely populated inland agrarian states on the other. In the case of Burma this division also largely coincides with ethnic differences between the Mon and the Arakanese in the former category and the Burmans and the Shans in the latter. External influences have typically been transmitted through overseas contact, with India and Ceylon as in the case of the pervasive cultural force of Buddhism, and later with the impact of firearms introduced by the Portuguese during the 16th century, that formed the background to the protracted conflicts between the Burmese Toungoo, Ava and Konbaung kingdoms and the Thai kingdom of Ayuthia. The beginning of the 19th century saw the start of the three wars between the Konbaung Dynasty and India‐based British imperialism in which the major role was played by disputes over trade and the Bengal‐Arakan frontier. British rule in Lower Burma after 1826 and 1854 transformed the economic system of the country even before the complete occupation after 1885 by integrating it with the expanding world economy through rice and teak exports. Between 1885 and the Japanese invasion of 1942 the impact of international trade, foreign direct investment and immigration was the major force of both expansion and contraction of the economic system, as well as of social and political change and instability, eventually culminating after 1945 in the achievement of independence. The economic policy of independent Burma, during both the civilian and subsequent military regimes, was largely shaped by the fraught legacy of overseas contact in Burmese history as noted above. The recent change of the capital from the commercial port of Rangoon to the new inland ‘city’ of Naypyidaw is thus of more than merely symbolic significance since it may reflect a desire to return to the apparently safe isolation of the interior ‘heartland’ over the vicissitudes of international trade and overseas contacts. But is that a wise choice in the increasingly globalized world of the 21st century?
PLA optimization using output encoding

An automatic tool that heuristically determines a good partitioning of a single large programmable logic array (PLA) into a PLA with a smaller number of encoded outputs (and usually fewer product terms), followed by a set of decoders to regenerate the original outputs, has been developed. Initial results using logic descriptions of processor chips and a benchmark set of industrial PLAs show area savings of up to 35% and delay reductions of up to 45%. The approach can be considered an alternative to Boolean decomposition and factoring in multilevel logic synthesis. >
When Can You Think Something

A review essay on what some scholars have said about heterodox thinking in Spain in the eighteenth century, contrasted with evidence from the reviewed book, which is on the Galician inquisition.
Protocol Modeling with Model Program Composition

Designing and interoperability testing of distributed, application-level network protocols is complex. Windows, for example, supports currently more than 200 protocols, ranging from simple protocols for email exchange to complex ones for distributed file replication or real time communication. To fight this increasing complexity problem, we introduce a methodology and formal framework that uses model program composition to specify behavior of such protocols. A model program can be used to specify an increment of protocol functionality with a coherent purpose, which can be understood and analyzed separately. The overall behavior of a protocol can be defined by a composite model program, which defines how the individual parts interoperate.
High-K structure in 77As.

High-spin states in {sup 77}As have been studied via the {sup 76}Ge({alpha},{ital p}2{ital n}) reaction. Proton-gated excitation functions extracted from measured {gamma}-ray yields at beam energies of 32, 36, and 40 MeV and an additional {gamma}-{gamma} coincidence measurement at 40 MeV have been used to assign new {gamma}-ray decay sequences to {sup 77}As. In particular, a positive-parity sequence up to spin 25/2 and a high-lying {Delta}{ital I}=1 sequence up to 21/2 and of probably negative parity have been found to decay into the known 9/2{sup +} isomer at 475.5 keV. Nuclear-shape calculations show a triaxial shape for the positive-parity states with moderate quadrupole deformation. The high-lying negative-parity sequence is interpreted as a high-{ital K} three-quasiparticle band similar to bands in adjacent nuclei. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Cyclic Changes in Polysaccharides of the Papilla of the Hair Follicle

In the skin of the mouse the dermal papilla becomes metachromatic and PAS-reactive on the 4th day after the initiation of growth in the hair follicle. This is a stage of follicle development which immediately precedes hair proliferation. Both metachromasia and PAS reaction remain intense until about 18 days, just preceding catagen, or club formation, when they disappear abruptly. During telogen, or the resting stage, the papilla is neither metachromatic nor PAS-reactive. The metachromasia and the PAS reaction of the dermal papilla during the period of active hair proliferation indicate the presence of at least two polysaccharides which are not detectable during the remainder of the cycle.
An Evaluation of a Holistic Program for at-Risk Teens and Their Parents

Increasing evidence indicates that adolescent behavior problems are related to family functioning. In general, findings have demonstrated the family’s critical role in facilitating developmental outcomes. This study evaluated a 6-week holistic program for at-risk teens and their parents entitled Creating a Responsible Thinker at baseline, post-test, and 3-month follow-up. Results demonstrated gender differences in the program’s effects on self-efficacy, specifically increased self-efficacy for females and reduced self-efficacy among males. Follow-up results suggested that teens reported better communication with their parents. These results underscore the appropriateness of a family-based approach to treatment for at-risk teens and their parents.
MuSE: a multiscale editor

Information worlds are getting ever more vast. We need, not only better environments for dealing with this vast scale, but better tools for authoring information in those environments. This paper describes a new type of tool for authoring objects in infinite pan/zoom (so-called “multiscale”) environments, like PAD++. Called the MultiScale Editor (MuSE) it provides a direct way to manipulate objects in scale, simplifying important operations for authoring with large, multiscale information worlds.
Utility of mediastinoscopy in clinical stage I lung cancers at risk for occult mediastinal nodal metastases

Objective The prevalence of mediastinal lymph node metastases is unknown for patients with clinical N0 lung cancer who are thought to be at high risk for occult nodal metastases. Further, the utility of mediastinoscopy in these patients is unknown. We performed a prospective trial to evaluate the utility of routine cervical mediastinoscopy for patients who may be at high risk of occult nodal metastases. Methods From January 1, 2008, July 31, 2013, 90 patients with lung cancer with clinical stage T2N0 or T1N0 with standardized uptake value greater than 10 by positron emission tomography/computed tomography underwent routine cervical mediastinoscopy before lung resection. Biopsy of a minimum of 3 nodal stations at mediastinoscopy and a minimum of 4 nodal stations with lung resection was advised. The prevalence of nodal metastases at mediastinoscopy and lung resection was recorded. Results Some 64% of patients with lung cancer were male with a mean age of 67.3 years. A total of 81 patients had clinical T2N0 and 9 patients had T1N0 with standardized uptake value greater than 10. Mean tumor size was 4.3 ± 1.7 cm, and mean standardized uptake value was 13.5 ± 6.8. One patient (1.1%) had occult metastases detected at mediastinoscopy. A total of 86 patients underwent surgical resection; 4 patients (4.6%) were upstaged to pN2, and 18 patients (21%) were upstaged to pN1. Of 90 patients with clinically staged N0 lung cancer by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, 5.6% (5) were upstaged to pN2 and 20% (18) were upstaged to pN1 (total nodal upstaging = 25.6%). Conclusions Mediastinoscopy seems to have limited utility in these patients with T1 and T2 clinically staged N0 by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Selective use of mediastinoscopy is recommended, along with thorough mediastinal lymph node evaluation in all patients at the time of lung cancer resection.
Min-max compression methods for medical image databases

The volume of medical imaging data produced per year is rapidly increasing, overtaxing the capabilities of Picture Archival and Communication (PACS) systems. Image compression methods can lessen the problem by encoding digital images into more space-efficient forms. Image compression is achieved by reducing redundancy in the imaging data. Existing methods reduce redundancy in individual images. However, these methods ignore an additional source of redundancy, which is based on the common information stored in more than one image in a set of similar images. We use the term "set redundancy" to describe this type of redundancy. Medical image databases contain large sets of similar images, therefore they also contain significant amounts of set redundancy.This paper presents two methods that extract set redundancy from medical imaging data: the Min-Max Differential (MMD), and the Min-Max Predictive (MMP) methods. These methods can improve compression of standard image compression techniques for sets of medical images. Our tests compressing CT brain scans have shown an average of as much as 129% improvement for Huffman encoding, 93% for Arithmetic Coding, and 37% for Lempel-Ziv compression when they are combined with Min-Max methods. Both MMD and MMP are based on reversible operations, hence they provide lossless compression.
Preparation and optical transmittance of titanium hydride (deutende) films by rf reactive sputtering

Abstract Microstructure of the titanium hydride (deutende) films prepared by rf reactive sputtering with Ar and H2 (or D2) gases were examined by X-ray diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and elastic recoil detection analysis. In addition, their optical measurements were also carried out in visible and infra-red regions. It was found that the hep Ti structure (α-TiHx) was mainly formed at high rf power. With decreasing rf power, however, the fcc CaF2 structure (δ-TiHx) was obtained. The films have a smooth surface at a short time of deposition for 1–10 min, and these films are used for optical measurements. The films show wide absorption over visible and infra-red regions, although the films include a large amount of O atoms, which may suggest the presence of the amorphous titanium oxide phase.
Fragments and ellipsis

Fragmentary utterances such as ‘short’ answers and subsentential XPs without linguistic antecedents are proposed to have fully sentential syntactic structures, subject to ellipsis. Ellipsis in these cases is preceded by A′-movement of the fragment to a clause-peripheral position; the combination of movement and ellipsis accounts for a wide range of connectivity and anti-connectivity effects in these structures. Fragment answers furthermore shed light on the nature of islands, and contrast with sluicing in triggering island effects; this is shown to follow from an articulated syntax and the PF theory of islands. Fragments without linguistic antecedents are argued to be compatible with an ellipsis analysis, and do not support direct interpretation approaches to these phenomena.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein regulates insulin transcription through microRNA-204

Beta-cell dysfunction and impaired insulin production are hallmarks of diabetes, but despite the growing diabetes epidemic, the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease have remained unclear. We identified thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a cellular redox regulator, as a crucial factor in beta-cell biology and show that beta-cell TXNIP is upregulated in diabetes, whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against diabetes by preventing beta-cell apoptosis. Here we show that TXNIP and diabetes induce beta-cell expression of a specific microRNA, miR-204, which in turn blocks insulin production by directly targeting and downregulating MAFA, a known insulin transcription factor. In particular, we first discovered the regulation of miR-204 by TXNIP by microarray analysis, followed by validation studies in INS-1 beta cells, islets of Txnip-deficient mice, diabetic mouse models and primary human islets. We then further found that TXNIP induces miR-204 by inhibiting the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor that is involved in miR-204 regulation. We also identified MAFA as a target that is downregulated by miR-204. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TXNIP controls microRNA expression and insulin production and that miR-204 is involved in beta-cell function. The newly identified TXNIP-miR-204-MAFA-insulin pathway may contribute to diabetes progression and provides new insight into TXNIP function and microRNA biology in health and disease.
Development and Application of an Agricultural Intensity Index to Invertebrate and Algal Metrics from Streams at Two Scales

Research was conducted at 28-30 sites within eight study areas across the United States along a gradient of nutrient enrichment/agricultural land use between 2003 and 2007. Objectives were to test the application of an agricultural intensity index (AG-Index) and compare among various invertebrate and algal metrics to determine indicators of nutrient enrichment nationally and within three regions. The agricultural index was based on total nitrogen and phosphorus input to the watershed, percent watershed agriculture, and percent riparian agriculture. Among data sources, agriculture within riparian zone showed significant differences among values generated from remote sensing or from higher resolution orthophotography; median values dropped significantly when estimated by orthophotography. Percent agriculture in the watershed consistently had lower correlations to invertebrate and algal metrics than the developed AG-Index across all regions. Percent agriculture showed fewer pairwise comparisons that were significant than the same comparisons using the AG-Index. Highest correlations to the AG-Index regionally were −0.75 for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness (EPTR) and −0.70 for algae Observed/Expected (O/E), nationally the highest was −0.43 for EPTR vs. total nitrogen and −0.62 for algae O/E vs. AG-Index. Results suggest that analysis of metrics at national scale can often detect large differences in disturbance, but more detail and specificity is obtained by analyzing data at regional scales.
A note on the inhibitory effects of the initiation of a behavioral program

A reinforcement program to increase attentional behavior was applied to six retarded, highly active pupils while systematic attempts to teach simple arithmetic were carried out. This program addressed itself to the question: Does increasing attention as measured by usual visual-motor indices have any positive effect on school performance? As evaluated by a reversal design the reinforcement procedures succeeded in markedly increasing attending behaviors. However, measures of achievement on the arithmetic task indicated that increased attention failed to produce concomitant increases in school performance. The possibility that these results were a function of the inhibitory effect of a high ratio reinforcement program is suggested. Future research is required to evaluate the relationship between contingent controlled attention and academic performance after attention is established and maintained on relatively low reinforcement ratios.
LIF : lots of interesting functions

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is one of a growing number of cytokines that cannot be readily categorized according to its functions. Rather, these pleiotropic hormones have diverse and often overlapping effects on a multitude of cell types: for example, LIF can inhibit the differentiation of embryonal stem cells on one hand and induce the differentiation of M1 leukaemic cells on the other. Recent work has shed light on the physiological effects of LIF, how these are limited, and the biochemical and biological properties of LIF and its receptor.
Recent Restorative Justice Measures in Romania (2006-2010)

Because politicians have exploited recent attempts to implement restorative justice policies in Romania for political gain or to enhance their own legitimacy, these efforts have failed to promote reconciliation and to provide moral and legal redress for victims of the communist regime.
On confidence intervals for cyclic regenerative processes

We study precise conditions under which the cyclic regenerative confidence intervals of Sargent and Shanthikumar are asymptotically valid. We also obtain an optimal way of implementing the cyclic regenerative variance reduction technique, and obtain a sufficient condition under which the procedure yields a lower variance than that of the standard regenerative method.
Developing Brief Scales for Use in Clinical Practice: The Reliability and Validity of Single-Item Self-Report Measures of Depression Symptom Severity, Psychosocial Impairment Due to Depression, and Quality of Life

Objective: Reliable, valid, user-friendly measurement is necessary to successfully implement an outcomes evaluation program in clinical practice. Self-report questionnaires, which generally correlate highly with clinician ratings, are a cost-effective assessment option. However, even self-administered questionnaires can be burdensome to patients because many are lengthy. Consequently, we developed and determined the reliability and validity of ultra-brief, single-item assessments of 3 domains important to consider when treating depressed patients: symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Method: In the first study (conducted June 1997 to March 2002), 1278 psychiatric outpatients with various DSM-IV diagnoses completed single-item assessments of psychosocial functioning and quality of life as well as more detailed measures of these constructs. In the second study (conducted August 2003 to July 2004), 562 psychiatric outpatients who were in ongoing treatment for a DSM-IV major depressive episode completed a depression symptom scale and a measure of global severity of depression. Results: The test-retest reliability of the psychosocial functioning and quality-of-life items was high. The single-item measures of symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life were significantly correlated with the total scores and individual item scores of longer measures of the same constructs (p <.001). The single-item measures significantly discriminated between depressed patients in full remission, in partial remission, and in a current depressive episode (p <.001). Conclusion: These studies provide evidence of the reliability and validity of single-item measures of symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Very brief measures, such as the ones described in the present report, are not burdensome for patients to complete and can be easily incorporated into a busy clinical practice in order to collect data on treatment effectiveness.
A study of the chemistry of iodine and bromine in marine sediments

Abstract Several recent marine sediments were treated with eleven chemical reagents in order to ascertain the iodine and bromine species present. The sediments were analyzed before and after each treatment to determine which reagents released the bound halogens. By a process of elimination it is concluded that the iodine is present primarily in its electro-positive state as N-iodoamides while bromine exists in many different chemical forms.
The Tottenham Ayatollah and The Hook-Handed Cleric: An Examination of All Their Jihadi Children

Omar Bakri Mohammed (the Tottenham Ayatollah) and Abu Hamza al-Masri (the hook-handed cleric) are two of the more infamous figures to emerge from what critics called “Londonistan.” However, they should be remembered not only for their rhetoric and appearance, but also for the fact that their respective organizations, Bakri's Al Muhajiroun, and Hamza's Supporters of Shariah based at the Finsbury Park Mosque, have been the connective thread through most Islamist terrorist plots that have emanated from the United Kingdom. This article maps out the network of terrorist plots in the United Kingdom and abroad that appears to have emanated from the networks around these two men with a view to understanding better how the connections remained unclear for so long and how understanding of the networks evolved over time.
The I-J subregion and surveillance

A discussion of the control exerted by the I-J subregion of the H-2 complex over suppression, tolerance and self/non-self discrimination, and its implications in the study of tumour immunity and autoimmunity.
The Effect of Intermittent Gyro-scale Slab Turbulence on Parallel and Perpendicular Cosmic-Ray Transport

Earlier work based on nonlinear guiding center (NLGC) theory suggested that perpendicular cosmic-ray transport is diffusive when cosmic rays encounter random three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence dominated by uniform two-dimensional (2D) turbulence with a minor uniform slab turbulence component. In this approach large-scale perpendicular cosmic-ray transport is due to cosmic rays microscopically diffusing along the meandering magnetic field dominated by 2D turbulence because of gyroresonant interactions with slab turbulence. However, turbulence in the solar wind is intermittent and it has been suggested that intermittent turbulence might be responsible for the observation of 'dropout' events in solar energetic particle fluxes on small scales. In a previous paper le Roux et al. suggested, using NLGC theory as a basis, that if gyro-scale slab turbulence is intermittent, large-scale perpendicular cosmic-ray transport in weak uniform 2D turbulence will be superdiffusive or subdiffusive depending on the statistical characteristics of the intermittent slab turbulence. In this paper we expand and refine our previous work further by investigating how both parallel and perpendicular transport are affected by intermittent slab turbulence for weak as well as strong uniform 2D turbulence. The main new finding is that both parallel and perpendicular transport are the net effect of an interplay between diffusivemore » and nondiffusive (superdiffusive or subdiffusive) transport effects as a consequence of this intermittency.« less
Increased Fatigue Life Of Wire Rope Through Periodic Overloads

Periodic overloads have shown pronounced improvements in the fatigue endurance of wire rope, typically limited in service use to loads one-fifth of static breaking strength. This enhanced life is attributed to overload crack retardation and to readjustment of stresses within the rope by movement of contact points between wires during overloads. Wire rope life is decreased when exposed to salt water, but overload benefication on fatigue life still occurs. Order from NSFI as No. 16334.
Apparent gut excretion of Tc-99m-DISIDA in a case of extrahepatic biliary atresia.

Our patient had DISIDA scan at 39 days of age to exclude biliary atresia. Gut excretion was seen 18h after injection and the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis was made. Because of continued elevated liver function values, liver biopsy was performed and demonstrated findings consistent with biliary atresia. Exploratory laparotomy performed 8 days after the scan showed patent cystic duct, bile duct, and gall-bladder, but an atretic common hepatic duct. This case is an example of documented biliary atresia demonstrating gut excretion on the DISIDA scan.
Sensation magnitude of vibrotactile stimuli

A systematic investigation of the subjective magnitude of vibrotaction was undertaken to: (1) determine the growth of sensation as a function of stimulus intensity; (2) establish contours of equal subjective magnitude; and (3) compare over a wide range of frequency and intensity the psychophysical methods of direct scaling and intensity matching. The results show that the data obtained by direct scaling are comparable to the data obtained by interfrequency matching. The subjective magnitude function is a power function with a slope of about 0.89 for frequencies up to 350 Hz. Near threshold the growth of sensation is proportional to the physical intensity. Contours of equal subjective magnitude for vibration across 10 frequencies and at 11 levels of intensity are given.
Unusual case of corticobasal degeneration with tau/Gallyas-positive neuronal and glial tangles.

A 74-year-old woman with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) had a 9-year history of progressive loss of strength and rigidity of her right hand and then arm, followed by speech difficulties, dyskinesia, rigidity, spasticity and weakness of the ipsilateral lower limb, ultimately also involving the apposite side. She later developed supranuclear gaze palsy. Her memory remained intact during most of the duration of her disease. Laboratory tests and anti-Parkinsonian medications were not helpful. At autopsy, frontal lobe atrophy, discoloration of putamen (Pt) and pallor of substantia nigra (Sn) were observed. Neuronal loss and gliosis were extensive in motor cortex and milder in frontal cortex, abruptly ending at the central sulcus and junction of cingulate gyrus. “Achromatic” neurons were present. Neuronal loss and gliosis were seen in Pt and Sn and corticobasal inclusions in Sn. Numerous Gallyas/tau-positive, Bielschowsky/ubiquitin-negative coil, sickle, or coma-shaped tangles and thread-like processes were found in affected cortex, Pt and Sn. Some of the tangles were in neurons, but most occurred in astroglia, and their processes. The presence of Gallyas/tau-positive glia in CBD may have the same diagnostic significance as in progressive supranuclear palsy, analogous to the argyrophilic ubiquinated inclusions in oligodendroglia in multisystem atrophy. We suggest that in CBD: (1) cytoskeletal protein metabolism in neurons and glia can simultaneously be perturbed in certain neurodegenerative diseases, and (2) the astrocytosis in CBD may not be simply a reactive process but an integral part of the disease.
Molecular and functional characterization of the murine glucocerebrosidase gene

A genomic clone of glucocerebrosidase (D-glucosyl-N-acyl-sphingosine glucohydrolase; E.C. 3.2.1.45) purified from a genomic library derived from a Balb/c mouse was analyzed by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing of its promoter and protein coding regions. Promoter activity was functionally assessed by ligation of a 2 kb glucocerebrosidase fragment to the protein coding segment of a bacterial neomycin resistance gene. Smaller segments of the 5' flanking sequence were then analyzed for their ability to initiate transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. A 319 bp Eco RI-Bgl II fragment (containing 259 bp upstream of the cDNA 5' limit) ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase open reading frame produced considerable activity.
Simulation and analysis of complex human tasks for manufacturing

We discuss how the combination of a realistic human figure with a high-level behavioral control interface allow the construction of detailed simulations of humans performing manual tasks from which inferences about human performance requirements can be made. The Jack human modeling environment facilitates the real-time simulation of humans performing sequences of tasks such as walking, lifting, reaching, and grasping in a complex simulation environment. Analysis capabilities include strength, reachability, and visibility; moreover results from these tests can affect an unfolding simulation.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Linkage of left ventricular early diastolic peak filling velocity to chromosome 5 in hypertensive African Americans: the HyperGEN Echocardiography Study ☆

Abstract Background Altered diastolic filling is an important contributor to several cardiovascular disorders. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a genetic contribution to left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling; however, chromosomal locations harboring genes involved in impaired LV diastolic filling have not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify chromosomal regions contributing to variation of LV transmitral early and late peak filling velocities (E and A velocities), Doppler echocardiographic measures of LV diastolic filling. Methods We adjusted E and A velocities for age, age squared, heart rate, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, field center, and antihypertensive medication in sex- and ethnicity-specific linear regression models. Standardized residuals were calculated and used in multipoint variance components linkage analysis (GENEHUNTER). Anonymous markers (Cooperative Human Linkage Center set 8) were available for 167 white hypertensive sibships (397 subjects, mean age 60 years) and 182 African American (393 subjects, mean age 52 years) hypertensive sibships. Results For E velocity, linkage was detected on chromosome 5 at 133.6 centimorgan (cM) in African Americans (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 4.13), and suggestive linkage (LOD >1.9) was observed for regions on chromosome 10 (80.8 cM) and chromosome 20 (1.5 cM). For A velocity, suggestive linkage was found for chromosome 12 (GATA85A04) in whites and for chromosome 8 (122.9 cM) in African Americans. Genes contained in and around the linked region are important candidates for diastolic filling (calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand [5q23], α-1B adrenergic receptor [5q23-32]). Conclusion Significant linkage was detected for LV early diastolic peak filling velocity on chromosome 5 in African Americans, indicating that a genomic region may contribute to interindividual variation in LV diastolic filling.
Frontal sinus outflow anatomy

Most of the studies of frontal sinus anatomy were completed 50 to 70 years ago. The information they provide is not necessarily relevant or helpful to the modern rhinologic surgeon who approaches the frontal sinus transnasally and endoscopically. We performed anatomical dissections of the outflow tract of 82 frontal sinuses in 41 cadaver heads to illustrate the various drainage patterns from the frontal sinus to the nose and to correlate these drainage sites with the distance and angle from the pyriform aperture. We found that the frontal sinus drained anterior to the uncinate process in 24 specimens (29.3%) with an average distance of 3.65 cm from the pyriform aperture and 58 degrees from the nasal floor. The frontal sinus drained posterior to the uncinate process in 56 specimens (68.3%) with an average distance of 4.10 cm and 65 degrees from the nasal floor. In this latter group, most of the sinuses (51 specimens) drained into the ethmoid infundibulum. Two of the specimens had a hypoplastic frontal sinus with no outflow tract at all. These findings are different from those described in the early 20th century.
Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of Blunt Chest Trauma

Pulmonary vein thrombosis has been associated with lung transplantation and lung resection. We report a case of right lower pulmonary vein thrombosis after blunt chest trauma.
A pseudo-spectral method and parametric differentiation applied to the Falkner-Skan equation

Abstract The Falkner-Skan equation, which is the similarity form of the boundary layer equations, has been solved through the use of pseudo-spectral methods for different values of the similarity parameter β. The equation was then parametrically differentiated with respect to β and the resulting equation was solved with pseudo-spectral methods. A convergence criteria is established for each method. Comparisons are made between both approaches and the classical solutions.
A Note on Affordability and the Optimal Share Price

Despite the increase in institutional ownership, decreased trading costs, and increased real personal savings, we find that the average stock price is lower today than it was in the 1920s. In the aggregate, the propensity to split is a function of recent market performance, personal savings, and the desirability of appearing to be a small firm. Our results indicate that, after decades of inflation and the average stock price falling, splitting stocks to return to an “affordable” trading range must be rejected as an explanation. This suggests that other economic forces are behind splits, whether traditional or behavioral in nature.
Partial characterization of the galactinol forming enzyme from leaves of cucumis sativus L.

Uridine diphosphate-D-galactose: inositol galactosyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for galactinol synthesis, was purified 41-fold from leaves of Cucumis sativus L. by a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Mn2+ concentration influenced the pH optimum of the enzyme. At low Mn2+ concentration (0.2 mM) the optimum was at pH 7.0. At high Mn2+ concentration (7.0 mM) the optimum was pH 5.5. The enzyme was not found in lysates of chloroplasts isolated from cucumber leaves.