cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Sufficient Condition for Power Flow Insolvability With Applications to Voltage Stability Margins

For the nonlinear power flow problem specified with standard PQ, PV, and slack bus equality constraints, we present a sufficient condition under which the specified set of nonlinear algebraic equations has no solution. This sufficient condition is constructed in a framework of an associated feasible, convex optimization problem. The objective employed in this optimization problem yields a measure of distance (in a parameter set) to the power flow solution boundary. In practical terms, this distance is closely related to quantities that previous authors have proposed as voltage stability margins. A typical margin is expressed in terms of the parameters of system loading (injected powers); here we additionally introduce a new margin in terms of the parameters of regulated bus voltages.
Teaching glycoproteins with a classical paper: Knowledge and methods in the course of an exciting discovery

To integrate research into the teaching of glycoproteins, the story of discovering hydrogen-potassium ATPase (HK-ATPase) β subunit is presented in a way covering all the important teaching points. The interaction between the HK-ATPase α subunit and a glycoprotein of 60–80 kDa was demonstrated to support the existence of the β subunit. On revealing the strategies and experimental designs of this discovery, the knowledge of glycoproteins is delivered. The purpose of this effort was to facilitate the teaching of scientific thinking in the science classroom, to make the biochemistry classroom a more interesting place, and to attract uncertain minds into the career of biochemistry research.
Book Review Essayists: Arthur C. Nelson

On the occasion of the planning profession's centenary, we celebrate the venerable green book series (ICMA, 1941, 1948, 1959, 1968, 1979, 1988, 2000, 2009). Since 1941, the International City (now ...
Practical multi-resolution source coding: TSVQ revisited

Consider a multi-resolution source code for describing a stationary source at L resolutions. The description at the first resolution is given at rate R/sub 1/ and achieves an expected distortion no greater than D/sub 1/. The description at the second resolution includes both the first description and a refining description of rate R/sub 2/ and achieves expected distortion no greater than D/sub 2/, and so on. Previously derived multi-resolution source coding bounds describe the family of achievable rate and distortion vectors ((R/sub 1/, R/sub 2/, ..., R/sub L/), (D/sub 1/, D/sub 2/, D/sub L/)). By examining these multi-resolution rate-distortion bounds, we gain insight into the problem of practical multi-resolution source coding. These insights lead to a new multi-resolution source code based on the tree-structured vector quantizer. This paper covers the algorithm, its optimal design, and preliminary experimental results.
Focus on . . . Notice of Reductions in Benefit Accruals

The notice requirement under Section 204(h) of ERISA was strengthened, and new penalties added, by EGTRRA in 2001. This article discusses the provisions of the final regulations issued by the IRS in April 2003.
Electrochemical Performance of LiMnPO4 Synthesized with Off-Stoichiometry

LiMnPO4 was synthesized from an off-stoichiometric mix of starting materials with nominal composition LiMn0.9P0.95O4�. Stoichiometric LiMnPO4 with particle size 50 nm was found with X-ray diffraction even with the large overall deviation from stoichiometry in the sample, indicating that other noncrystalline compounds are present. The off-stoichiometric sample had a discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g at C/10 and 100 mAh/g at 2C after a constant current constant voltage charge. Capacity retention was excellent without a significant capacity loss at 1C. The performance of LiMn0.9P0.95O4� could not be significantly improved by diluting the electrode with more carbon, indicating a more intrinsic kinetic limitation of the material for LiMnPO4 in contrast to LiFePO4 Nature (London), 458, 190 2009. This is further corroborated by the difference in the overpotential between the two materials. Although LiMnPO4 has a sloping voltage profile, LiFePO4 tends to have a constant overpotential at high rate.
Human immune response to Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cells and isolated outer membrane antigens.

The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) response of human volunteers challenged with Vibrio cholerae O1 was analyzed for reactivity to V. cholerae O1 antigens by the immunoblot technique. Components of both in vitro- and in vivo (rabbit ligated ileal loop)-grown V. cholerae O1 were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Postchallenge serum IgG reacted uniquely with 15 antigens and with greater intensity than did prechallenge serum with at least 16 antigens. Serum IgG and SIgA reacted with antigens present in preparations from the homologous challenge strain of V. cholerae as well as antigens from strains of heterologous biotype or serotype. These heterologous antigens may represent antigens responsible for protection to rechallenge with a heterologous strain of V. cholerae. All the antigens detected by postchallenge jejunal fluid SIgA had an apparent molecular size of less than 25 kilodaltons. Serum IgG and jejunal fluid SIgA also reacted with antigens unique to in vivo-grown cells and several antigens in outer membrane preparations, suggesting that studies of protective immunity and V. cholerae O1 pathogenesis should include examination of both in vitro- and in vivo-grown V. cholerae O1 cellular antigens. Images
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy as a Step Approach for Morbidly Obese Patients with Early Stage Malignancies Requiring Rapid Weight Loss for a Final Curative Procedure

Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a relatively new treatment modality implemented in the surgical management for morbid obesity. It has been well documented that obesity is not only associated with an increased risk of malignancies but is also consistent with a higher incidence of surgical complications related to its definitive management. In spite of the weight loss experienced by patients with malignancy due to a catabolic state, bariatric surgery might be considered as a step procedure allowing for a more efficient and suitable surgical approach to treat early stage malignancies, thereby decreasing the procedure-related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a primary weight loss procedure in patients with untreated malignancy facilitating a definitive oncologic surgical approach.
Breast cancer and fertility

The increased availability of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) allows women with fertility issues to increase their chances of a successful pregnancy with the use of medications that, in some cases, increase circulating estrogens. There has been significant concern that the use of these medications will increase the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast, ovarian and uterine malignancies. Additionally, for those women who are diagnosed with a breast cancer during their reproductive years, this diagnosis can be particularly difficult as future fertility is a major concern for many young breast cancer survivors. With the current available data, there does not appear to be a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing breast cancer with ART, although several series suggest a potential possible related increase in borderline ovarian and uterine cancers. For breast cancer survivors, there does not appear to be an increased risk of death associated with subsequent pregnancies when compared with breast cancer patients who did not have subsequent pregnancies, although waiting at least 2 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer potentially may convey a protective effect. Therefore, when systemic therapy for breast cancer is recommended, early counseling and referral to a reproductive endocrinologist is warranted to provide optimal fertility preservation options. Further safety and outcomes studies are warranted for children.
Usefulness of Virtual 3D Modeling to Visualize the Effect of Uncertain Data in Groundwater Solute Transport

Immersive virtual reality models can be effectively used in understanding the system behavior. It will also help the students to understand the influences of boundary conditions by reflection. In particular, those systems which are not suitable for laboratory experiment can be handled using virtual reality platform. In this research, groundwater solute transport simulation was developed as a laboratory module. Groundwater system movement takes place beneath ground. Recently, several sites were contaminated due to manmade activities. This complex process is very difficult to understand with varying boundary conditions. If there is an uncertainity associated with the modeling parameters, remedial alternatives planned may be not as effective as expected. Behavior changes under these circumstances can be tackled through a sensitivity analysis and incorporated in virtual 3D. In this study, by varying the hydraulic conductivity systematically in different layers, the possible variations in the groundwater contamination plume movements were examined for different simulation time domains with remedial alternatives.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The thermomechanical stress-strain response of intumescent mat materials through experiments and strain decomposition

Intumescent mat materials in catalytic converters undergo chemical reactions that lead to material property changes and volume expansion during heating processes. Dead weight (load control) and displacement control compression experiments have been performed to explore static and transient stress-strain responses. The apparatus and methods for both experiments are described. The experimental results together with a strain decomposition procedure yield a master curve that can be employed for constitutive modelling.
Gene-Environment Interaction and the Mapping of Complex Traits: Some Statistical Models and Their Implications

The manifestation of many complex diseases or traits is very likely the result of an inextricable interplay of the biological and the environmental. Yet the role of environmental effect has traditionally been played down, for various reasons. In this paper, some simple statistical models that incorporate gene-environment interaction (GEI) have been proposed and their behavior and implications investigated. These implications concern the conditional independence assumption in likelihood calculation of pedigree data, the fine-tuning of the sib pair method for mapping quantitative traits, apportioning of disease or trait variation due to specific causes. In addition, they concern properties of gene mapping methods that do not take GEI into account, and they bring into question the utility of commonly used measures of genetic effects such as recurrence risk ratio for relative pairs, twin concordance rates, and heritability coefficients. In the presence of GEI, all these measures are functions not only of genetic effects and gene frequency, but also of environmental effects, the distribution of environmental factors in the population, and of GEI. Above all, these measures are all measures of familial aggregation, since they can be significant even in the absence of any genetic component of the disease. Thus their use as indicators of the genetic basis of complex diseases is cast into doubt.
Fast speech as a function of tempo in natural generative phonology

the same definitions of the two terms. 'Fast speech' is normally intended as increase in speech tempo that affects the normal/slow norm, but it is also recognized that 'fast speech phenomena' occur in casual speech that is not necessarily rapid, and that 'casualness' of speech is a complex sociolinguistic notion the components of which are hard to isolate (see, for instance, Dressler, I974, and Vanecek et al, I975, for a discussion of the correlation between decreased attention and phonological casualness, and other factors referred to in Dressler, I975). It is not at all clear what 'normal speech' is either. It is usually identified with 'maximally distinct/differentiated speech', but as pointed out to me by Arnold Zwicky, this is probably not the case, since there are processes that apply to give 'careful' or 'emphatic' speech (as when the I in please is made syllabic). Zwicky believes that normal speech 'is related to whatever level of representation (roughly the phonemic) figures in normal rhyming (hat and had will not count as rhymes, even if they are pronounced the same, while stepped and slept will count as rhymes, even if they are pronounced differently, say without the t in slept)' (personal communication). This paper does not attempt to tackle the problem in its entirety; it will only deal with the tempo aspect of fast speech and with the theoretical implications of increase in rate of speech. The reason for concentrating on tempo is that it can be isolated more easily than the various factors, social and other, involved in casual speech. It will also be assumed that speech tempo is relative, i.e. that one man's normal rate of speech may be another man's fast speech tempo, and that although increase in speech tempo may sometimes result in increased attention and thus in retention of the overall level of formality (Vanecek et al, 1975), the common tendency is for increased reduction and assimilation with the increase in the rate of articulation. Since the paper will deal with fast speech (as a function of speech tempo)
Microstructural effects on hydrogen embrittlement in a high purity 7075 aluminum alloy

Abstract A high-purity 7075 alloy was heat treated to produce a variety of precipitate sizes and populations in grain interiors and at grain boundaries. Specimens were then evaluated for slip character and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility following cathodic precharging or by simultaneous cathodic charging and straining. Embrittlement susceptibility was found to correlate very well with the size and type of matrix precipitates, consistent with the rationale that slip character controls the extent of dislocation transport of hydrogen and thereby may control and dominate the distribution of hydrogen in the material and the degree of hydrogen embrittlement. The results also indicate that a smaller role is played by grain boundary precipitates in controlling hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.
Effects of smoking habit on the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Japanese patients with special reference to sex differences.

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but controversial results have been reported regarding its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF). Moreover, no study on the relationship between smoking and AF has yet been undertaken in a Japanese context. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the Shinken Database 2004-2011 (men/women, n=10,714/6,803, respectively), which included all new patients attending the Cardiovascular Institute between June 2004 and March 2012. AF was diagnosed in 1,698 and 598 men and women, respectively. In men, smokers were more prevalent in the AF than in the non-AF group (54.5% vs. 44.7%), whereas in women the prevalence of smokers was similar between AF and non-AF groups (14.4% vs. 15.4%). This discrepancy between the sexes seems to derive from a characteristic distribution pattern of smoking habit in women. After adjustment for various cofactors, smoking was independently associated with AF (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.35-1.75; P<0.001) without a significant interaction between sex categories (P=0.195). CONCLUSIONS Smoking was independently associated with AF without a significant interaction between sex categories among Japanese patients visiting a cardiovascular hospital. Further studies using a prospective cohort design are required to confirm a causal link between smoking and AF in Japanese patients.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Coronary Intervention Developed During Hospitalization

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized syndrome characterized by transient apical or midventricular dysfunction that mimics myocardial infarction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We describe a case of takotsubo syndrome that developed in an anxious patient within a few hours after a coronary interventional procedure. We believe that this will be the first case of takotsubo syndrome that developed in an inpatient after a coronary procedure, who was very concerned and anxious before the procedure.
Digital Convolution And Correlation With Electro-Optic Bragg Processors

A digital approach to integrated optical convolution and correlation is proposed and analyzed. The method relies on the application of a series of time-delayed signals to a large group of individually addressable electro-optic Bragg gratings in order to provide the digital equivalent of a traveling index wave. Unlike previous systems, the wavelength of the traveling index wave is under program control. The associated time-bandwidth product may be varied independently of the applied frequency making the technique suitable for signal processing applications. A modification of the theory of analog Bragg diffraction is developed which includes the effects of discrete spatial sampling in the convolution and correlation process for both continuous-time and sampled-time inputs. An analysis of the potential advantages of this approach for algebraic processors and broad-band ambiguity processors is also presented.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The small ventricle in pseudotumor cerebri: Demonstration of the small ventricle in benign intracranial hypertension by computed tomography

Abstract Thirteen patients with proven benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) were evaluated by computed tomographic scan. Using the bifrontal (where applicable) and bicaudate cerebroventriculas indices (CVI), we found 76.9% to have small ventricles. Associated findings included nonvisualization of the third ventricle and sylvian fissure in all cases with small lateral ventricles. To date no other investigators have demonstrated small ventricles with CT scan, although “slitlike” frontal homs have been described. Our findings correlate closely) with studies with pneumoencephaloghayphalography and ventriculography in which over 70% of patients were found to small ventricles.
A New Aggregation Method for Determining Composite Load Characteristics

A new aggregation method for deteining load characteristics for representation in computer simulations is proposed. In support of the new method, a mathematical derivation is presented. Also, results are compared with models obtained by using the EPRI/University of Texas at Arlington method and field tests. The application of the proposed method is simpler than existing methods in that it does not require field tests or the use of curve fitting techniques. The procedure should be of primary interest to transmission system planners involved in load flow and dynamic stability simulations of power systems.
Support for scalable video using parallelism with merging

Parallelism with merging (PWM) techniques for storing and retrieving continuous media combine the use of I/O parallelism and object interleaving to meet the playback requirements of continuous media. The PWM techniques previously proposed do not explicitly address support for scalable video, i.e. the ability to retrieve a video at various bandwidths or data rates. Compression techniques for video such as MPEG and 3D subband coding encode video sequences in such a way as to allow subsets of the full resolution video bit stream to be decoded to recreate lower resolution videos. This facilitates support for various quality of service levels without having to store each level separately. In this paper, we extend the PWM techniques by integrating scalable video support. We show how this integration impacts the continuity requirements, buffering requirements, and admission control criteria. Results of a simulation study are presented which compare the various scalable-PWM strategies.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Role of emotional factors in adults with atopic dermatitis.

Background. The role of anger in the onset or perpetuation of episodes of atopic dermatitis in adults has long been considered an important factor. The objective was to investigate whether atopic patients feel ineffective in dealing with anger and assertiveness when compared with psoriasis patients and control patients. Methods. Thirty-four adult patients with atopic dermatitis were compared to 28 patients with psoriasis and 32 controls, dental patients without major skin disease. Standard measures of anxiety, anger, assertion, depression, and locus of control as well as a measure of anger effectiveness, designed for this study, were used. Results. There were significant differences between atopic dermatitis patients and controls in that atopics felt angry more readily but were less likely to express it, were more anxious and less assertive, and felt less effective in expressing anger. The only difference between psoriasis patients and controls was less ability to express anger. Atopic patients were more chronically anxious than those with psoriasis. Conclusions. Adult atopic dermatitis patients are often chronically anxious and feel ineffective in handling anger which suggests that psychological interventions may prove helpful.
Activation of the chloroplast atpase measured by the electrochromic change in leaves of intact plants

The activation of the ATPase in intact cucumber leaves has been studied, using a novel instrument developed for the measurement of absorbance changes in intact leaves. The flux through the ATPase was measured by using the decay of the electrochromic shift at 515 nm as an indicator of the flux of protons across the thylakoid membrane. Plots of the rate of decay of the electrochromic shift against its amplitude were used to determine the threshold for activation of the ATPase. A rapid phase of decay of the electrochromic shift was found above a certain threshold amplitude in control leaves. This rapid phase was eliminated after treatment of the leaves with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, indicating that it was associated with flux through the active ATPase. The threshold amplitude of the electrochromic shift was lower in light-adapted leaves than in dark-adapted leaves, indicating a lower threshold amplitude for the activation of the ATPase. The lowering of the threshold amplitude by light adaptation was eliminated by treatment of the leaves with methyl viologen, which blocks electron flow to the thioredoxin system. These results are interpreted in terms of a model presented by Junesch and Graber (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 893, 275–288) to explain results from isolated systems. The reoxidation kinetics of the γ-subunit of the ATPase were followed by observing the extent of the slow decay phase of electrochromic shift. Thesekinetics showed a lag time which was dependent on the amount of light adaptation, and a recovery which did not appear to be dependent on the amount of light adaptation. The kinetics are interpreted in terms of a model consisting of a large redox buffering pool with a midpoint potential somewhat more negative than that of the sulfhydryl groups of the γ-subunit of the ATPase, in equilibrium with a smaller pool equipotential with the γ-subunit sulfhydryls. Some possible characteristics of this pool are discussed. Our results suggest that the activation of the chloroplast ATPase through the thioredoxin system occurs at levels of illumination less than 0.2% of normal actinic intensities, and that this process is never limiting for photosynthesis.
Asymptotic Line Shape in Collision-Induced Light Scattering

A theory for the spectral wings of collision-induced scattered light is presented. It differs from previous theories in that realistic potentials and polarizabilities are employed. The line shape at relatively low frequencies is determined largely by the effects of distant collisions. At high frequencies it is determined primarily by the repulsive part of the interatomic potential. At intermediate frequencies it is sensitive to both the attractive part of the potential and the short-range part of the polarizability anisotropy. A tecnique in which the analytic behavior of the trajectories in the complex time plane plays a key role is employed.
Role of bacterial components in macrophage activation by the LAC and MW2 strains of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract We tested the contribution of four staphylococcal components – PSM-α, PSM-β, δ-toxin, and PVL – in triggering macrophage secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 12 (IL-12) by two prominent, circulating strains of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA): LAC, USA300; MW2, USA400. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were stimulated with live, antibiotic-exposed bacteria, and cytokine secretion was quantitated in supernatants. Deletion of PSM-α expression in LAC led to >50% reduction in macrophage TNF and IL-6 secretion and a 20% reduction in IL-12 secretion, while PSM-α deletion in MW2 did not significantly reduce macrophage TNF secretion but resulted in a 15–20% reduction in IL-6 and IL-12 secretion. Deletion of δ-toxin in either strain led to more than 50% reduction in macrophage IL-6 secretion and smaller reductions in macrophage TNF and IL-12 secretion (8–25%). Our data implicate both PSM-α and δ-toxin in stimulating macrophage cytokine responses to CA-MRSA bacteria.
Resonant triad interactions in symmetric systems

Abstract We analyse resonant triad interactions in symmetric systems. The case of coupling at quadratic order in amplitudes and the case of coupling at cubic order are considered. We study modulated travelling waves and heteroclinic cycles in amplitude equations and we discuss their stability types. We describe possible dynamical regimes and spatial patterns arising from triad interactions of long waves in rapidly rotating Hagen-Poiseuille flow.
Supplementation of Copper as Copper Sulfate or Copper Proteinate for Growing Calves Fed Forages Containing Molybdenum

Abstract Holstein calves (age > 12 wk old) were assigned to dietary treatments of 1) no supplemental copper, 2) copper proteinate, or 3) copper sulfate. The copper supplements were incorporated into premixes and added to a pelleted concentrate. The concentrates were fed at 1.8 kg per head per d and contained 5, 19, or 19 ppm copper and .6 ppm molybdenum by analysis. All calves were fed a grass hay free-choice, which contained 1 ppm copper and 5 ppm molybdenum. Ratios of copper to molybdenum were .9, 2.8, and 2.8 for diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Copper concentrations in plasma were significantly greater at wk 12 in calves fed copper proteinate than control or calves supplemented with copper sulfate. Liver copper also was higher at wk 12 in calves fed copper proteinate. Final body weights, plasma zinc, plasma iron, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were not affected by treatment. Bioavailability of dietary copper from copper proteinate was greater than from copper sulfate for calves fed diets containing molybdenum.
Bees For The Orchard

The requirements for colony strength in order to have bees which will give good service in pollination of fruit is emphasized. The danger to bees from dusting of poisonous materials is discussed.
A retrospective evaluation of the management of excessive anticoagulation in an established clinical pharmacy anticoagulation service compared to traditional care.

Background: Analysis of the outcomes associated with episodes of excessive anticoagulation (international normalized ratio [INR] > 6.0) managed by physicians in a group model health maintenance organization (HMO) revealed opportunities for improvement. A centralized, telephone follow-up Clinical Pharmacy Anticoagulation Service (CPAS) was later implemented in the same HMO. We sought to compare the outcomes of excessive anticoagulation episodes managed by CPAS pharmacists to traditional physician management.
Invariance principles for switching systems via hybrid systems techniques

Invariance principles and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability for switching systems are given. Multiple Lyapunov-like functions are used, and dwell-time, persistent dwell-time, and weak dwell-time switching signals are considered. The invariance principles are derived from general invariance principles for hybrid systems. Asymptotic stability is concluded under observability assumptions or common bounds on the Lyapunov-like functions.
Hypothetical Thermodynamic Properties: Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the Even n-Alkanes from C78 to C92 at T = 298.15 K by Correlation−Gas Chromatography

The temperature dependence of gas chromatographic retention times of hexaheptacontane to dononacontane is reported. These data are used with a summary of earlier work to evaluate and compare the vaporization enthalpies and vapor pressures of the n-alkanes from T = (298.15 to 540) K for heneicosane to dononacontane. The vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy results obtained are compared with estimated data from Morgan’s “PERT2” extended corresponding states principle (CSP) which uses n-alkane input parameters based on the works of Kudchadker and Zwolinski and of Tsu. The results are also compared with a model previously developed from empirical data which predicts that vaporization enthalpies measured at the boiling temperatures should approach a maximum value and then asymptotically approach zero as the chain length approaches infinity. Some curvature in the enthalpy of transfer from the gas chromatographic column to the gas phase, expected to show the same dependence on size, is indeed observed as the...
Nonhuman primates: their role in assessing developmental effects of immunomodulatory agents.

There are close physiologic similarities between humans and macaques that make them well suited for preclinical testing of biopharmaceutics. These include menstrual cycles of similar length and hor...
Hugh Morriston Davies and Lobectomy for Cancer, 1912

The report of a lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma in 1912, by Hugh Morriston Davies of London, and without precedent, describes a surgical technique strikingly similar to that of today. Unfortunately, Davies' patient died because postoperative management of the pleural space was not yet well understood. The tumor had been identified by radiographic examination and the diagnosis confirmed by cytological examination of the sputum. The operative technique included individual ligation of hilar vessels and suture closure of the bronchus, neither of which was to be reported again for more than 20 years. More effective management of the pleural space was described, without special emphasis, by Harold Brunn of San Francisco 17 years later.
Primary structure of CHH/MIH/GIH-like peptides in sinus gland extracts from Penaeus vannamei.

Abstract Peptides belonging to the CHH/MIH/GIH-family of crustacean hormones were isolated from acetic acid extracts of sinus glands isolated from eyestalks of the shrimp, Penaeus vannamei . The peptides were isolated by chromatography and molecular weights determined by MALDI mass spectrometry. Peptides in the range of 7–9 kDa and containing three disulfide bridges were selected for amino acid sequence analysis. Three peptides with the requisite properties were present in sufficient amounts for sequence analysis. Two peptides had unique sequences similar to CHH/MIH/GIH peptides from other crustaceans. A third peptide seemed to be a truncated form of one of the previous sequences.
Placement of Records on a Secondary Storage Device to Minimize Access Time

The problem considered is how to place records on a secondary storage device to minimize average retrieval time, based on a knowledge of the probability for accessing the records. Theorems are presented for two limiting cases. A numerical example for an intermediate case is also given.
Drug Trafficking and Urban African American Youth: Risk Factors for PTSD

This article examines how African American youths (ages 12–17) who are raised in neighborhoods that are centers for illegal drug trade and drug dealing (trafficking, running) cope with violent events such as shooting, stabbings and other intentional injuries. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores urban youths' perceptions of drug trafficking and related activities in their neighborhoods. The study then explores issues of personal encounters with traumatic events related to drug trafficking activities (shootings, stabbings, deaths, other violence) in their community. Finally, the study discusses implications of findings for risk and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among these youths.
The Artificial Synapse Chip: A flexible retinal interface based on directed retinal cell growth and neurotransmitter stimulation

Abstract: The Artificial Synapse Chip is an evolving design for a flexible retinal interface that aims to improve visual resolution of an electronic retinal prosthesis by addressing cells individually and mimicking the physiological stimulation achieved in synaptic transmission. We describe three novel approaches employed in the development of the Artificial Synapse Chip: (i) micropatterned substrates to direct retinal cell neurite growth to individual stimulation sites; (ii) a prototype retinal interface based on localized neurotransmitter delivery; and (iii) the use of soft materials to fabricate these devices. By patterning the growth of cells to individual stimulation sites, we can improve the selectivity of stimulation and decrease the associated power requirements. Moreover, we have microfabricated a neurotransmitter delivery system based on a 5-µm aperture in a 500-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane overlying a microfluidic channel. This device can release neurotransmitter volumes as small as 2 pL, demonstrating the possibility of chemical-based prostheses. Finally, we have fabricated and implanted an equivalent device using soft flexible materials that conform to the retinal tissue more effectively. As many of the current retinal prosthesis devices use hard materials and electrical excitation at a lower resolution, our approach may provide more physiologic retinal stimulation.
Tales from the ‘Hood’: Framing Hiv/Aids Prevention Through Intervention Ethnography in the Inner City

(2001). Tales from the ‘Hood’: Framing Hiv/Aids Prevention Through Intervention Ethnography in the Inner City. Addiction Research & Theory: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 339-363.
The cross-industry effects of unanticipated money in an equilibrium business cycle model

Abstract This paper examines the differential real effects of monetary policy across industries. The purpose is to test whether these differential effects can be accounted for by an incomplete-information, rational-expectations model of the business cycle, in the Lucas-Barro tradition. Such a model implies a positive relation across markets between the variability of market-specific shocks and the reduced-form output effect of a monetary shock. This proposition is tested using industry-level post-war U.S. data, and support is found. The exploration also uncovers other interesting industry-level and aggregate results.
Real-time measurement of dual-wavelength laser-induced fluorescence spectra of individual aerosol particles

We report the development of an in-situ aerosol detection system capable of rapidly measuring dual-wavelength laser-induced fluorescence spectra of single particles on the fly using a single spectrometer and a single 32-anode photomultiplier array. We demonstrate the capability of this system with both reference samples and outdoor air. We present spectra from separate excitation wavelengths from the same particle that demonstrate improved discrimination capability compared with only using one excitation wavelength.
Review: Implications of air pollution effects on athletic performance

Abstract Both controlled human studies and observational studies suggest air pollution adversely affects athletic performance during both training and competition. The air pollution dosage during exercise is much higher than during rest because of a higher ventilatory rate and both nasal and oral breathing in the former case. For example, SO2 which is a highly water soluble gas, is almost entirely absorbed in the upper respiratory tract during nasal breathing. However, with oral pharyngeal breathing, the amount of sulfur dioxide that is absorbed is significantly less, and with exercise and oral pharyngeal breathing a significant decrease in upper airway absorption occurs, resulting in a significantly larger dosage of this pollutant being delivered to the tracheobronchial tree. Recently, several controlled human studies have shown that the combination of exercise and pollutant exposure (SO2 or O3) caused a marked bronchoconstriction and reduced ventilatory flow when compared with pollution exposure at rest. In a situation like the Olympic Games where ms and mm often determine success of athletes, air pollution can be an important factor in affecting their performance. This paper examines possible impacts of air pollution on athletic competition.
Precise Positioning of Nanoparticles on Surfaces Using Scanning Probe Lithography

Two new methods have been developed to precisely position gold nanoparticles on surfaces. The surface-active nanoparticles have a shell of a mixed monolayer comprised of alkanethiol and alkanedithiol molecules to anchor particles to gold surfaces via sulfur−gold chemisorption. In the first method, regions of an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) are shaved by the AFM tip under high force in a solution containing nanoparticles. Nanoparticles then adsorb onto the exposed areas defined by the shaving track of the tip. In a second method, the AFM tip is coated with nanoparticles. Under low force, AFM images are acquired and the nanoparticles remain on the tip. When higher load is applied, areas of the SAM matrix are uncovered and nanoparticles are deposited following the scanning track of the AFM tip. Thus, the 3D positions of the nanoparticles are precisely controlled. The nanostructures are characterized in situ with the same tip at reduced load. Individual particles within the nanopatterns can be r...
Comparison of whole-body phantom designs to estimate organ equivalent neutron doses for secondary cancer risk assessment in proton therapy.

Secondary neutron fluence created during proton therapy can be a significant source of radiation exposure in organs distant from the treatment site, especially in pediatric patients. Various published studies have used computational phantoms to estimate neutron equivalent doses in proton therapy. In these simulations, whole-body patient representations were applied considering either generic whole-body phantoms or generic age- and gender-dependent phantoms. No studies to date have reported using patient-specific geometry information. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of patient–phantom matching when using computational pediatric phantoms. To achieve this goal, three sets of phantoms, including different ages and genders, were compared to the patients’ whole-body CT. These sets consisted of pediatric age-specific reference, age-adjusted reference and anatomically sculpted phantoms. The neutron equivalent dose for a subset of out-of-field organs was calculated using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit, where proton fields were used to irradiate the cranium and the spine of all phantoms and the CT-segmented patient models. The maximum neutron equivalent dose per treatment absorbed dose was calculated and found to be on the order of 0 to 5 mSv Gy−1. The relative dose difference between each phantom and their respective CT-segmented patient model for most organs showed a dependence on how close the phantom and patient heights were matched. The weight matching was found to have much smaller impact on the dose accuracy except for very heavy patients. Analysis of relative dose difference with respect to height difference suggested that phantom sculpting has a positive effect in terms of dose accuracy as long as the patient is close to the 50th percentile height and weight. Otherwise, the benefit of sculpting was masked by inherent uncertainties, i.e. variations in organ shapes, sizes and locations. Other sources of uncertainty included errors associated with beam positioning, neutron weighting factor definition and organ segmentation. This work demonstrated the importance of hybrid phantom height matching for more accurate organ dose calculation in proton therapy and the potential limitations of reference phantoms released by regulatory bodies for radiation therapy applications.
Chemisorption reactions of diisopropyl methyl phosphonate with various metal salts and the effect of complex-formation on the PO stretching frequency

Abstract Diisopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP) was chemisorbed onto the surface of various metal salts and these interactions were studed by i.r. spectroscopy. Complex-formation was indicated by large negative shifts of the PO stretching frequency of the ligand. This is explained in terms of a lowering of the PO bond order and a study was made of the effect of the cation and/or anion of the metal salt on the amount of PO shift.
Surface plasmon resonance as a time-resolved probe of structural changes in molecular films: considerations for correlating resonance shifts with adsorbate layer parameters

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is an efficient probe of transient structural changes in molecular films. To analyze kinetic SPR data for such systems, generally it is necessary to adapt an adequate theoretical framework that would allow one to express the measured optical quantities (time-dependent shifts of the resonance angle or wavelength) in terms of the structural parameters (layer thickness, mass density, or surface coverage) of the sample molecules. We present here theoretical calculations and illustrative experimental results to address certain essential elements of this type of data analysis for transient SPR systems. The phenomenological framework we consider here is based on multilayer reflectivity calculations, and can be applied to a broad class of systems involving ordered molecular layers on supporting gold films. A typical application of these calculations is demonstrated through the analysis of specific SPR experiments designed to probe the kinetics of pH-induced structural changes in a molecular film of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) on a thin gold film.
Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-transmitted single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) flavivirus, causes human disease of variable severity. We investigated Toll-like receptor 7-deficient (Tlr7(-/-)) and myeloid differentiation factor 88-deficient (Myd88(-/-)) mice, which both have defective recognition of ssRNA, and found increased viremia and susceptibility to lethal WNV infection. Despite increased tissue concentrations of most innate cytokines, CD45(+) leukocytes and CD11b(+) macrophages failed to home to WNV-infected cells and infiltrate into target organs of Tlr7(-/-) mice. Tlr7(-/-) mice and macrophages had reduced interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 responses after WNV infection, and mice deficient in IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p40 (Il12b(-/-)) or IL-23 p19 (Il23a(-/-)), but not IL-12 p35 (Il12a(-/-)), responded similarly to Tlr7(-/-) mice, with increased susceptibility to lethal WNV encephalitis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TLR7 and IL-23-dependent WNV responses represent a vital host defense mechanism that operates by affecting immune cell homing to infected target cells.
Dynamic model of a solar thermochemical water-splitting reactor with integrated energy collection and storage

Abstract Water-splitting solar thermochemical cycles are important in meeting the challenges of global climate change and limited fossil fuels. However, solar radiation varies in availability, leading to unsteady state operation. We propose a solar receiver-reactor with integrated energy collection and storage. The reactor consists of a double-pipe heat exchanger placed at the focal line of a parabolic trough solar concentrator. Molten salt passes through the jacket, absorbing energy from the irradiated outer surface while driving the endothermic oxygen production step of the copper-chlorine water-splitting cycle in the reactor bore. Excess energy is stored in a thermal storage tank to buffer the reactor from changes in insolation. Dynamic simulation indicates that the reactor can sustain steady 100% conversion during 24/7 operation with a reasonable plant layout. The technology employed is extant and mature. This is important in view of the urgency to reduce dependency upon fossil fuels as primary energy sources.
Thyroid abnormalities after therapeutic external radiation

Abstract The thyroid gland is the largest pure endocrine gland in the body and one of the organs most likely to produce clinically significant abnormalities after therapeutic external radiation. Radiation doses to the thyroid that exceed approximately 26 Gy frequently produce hypothyroidism, which may be clinically overt or subclinical, as manifested by increased serum thyrotropin and normal serum-free thyroxine concentrations. Pituitary or hypothalamic hypothyroidism may arise when the pituitary region receives doses exceeding 50 Gy with conventional, 1.8–2 Gy fractionation. Direct irradiation of the thyroid may increase the risk of Graves' disease or euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy. Silent thyroiditis, cystic degeneration, benign adenoma, and thyroid cancer have been observed after therapeutically relevant doses of external radiation. Direct or incidental thyroid irradiation increases the risk for well-differentiated, papillary, and follicular thyroid cancer from 15- to 53-fold. Thyroid cancer risk is highest following radiation at a young age, decreases with increasing age at treatment, and increases with follow-up duration. The potentially prolonged latent period between radiation exposure and the development of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid nodularity, and thyroid cancer means that individuals who have received neck or pituitary irradiation require careful, periodic clinical and laboratory evaluation to avoid excess morbidity.
Intracoronary measurement of pulsus alternans

Pulsus alternans is typically found in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We describe a woman with biventricular systolic dysfunction and pulsus alternans in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and aorta. Coronary angiography revealed an intermediate stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Pulsus alternans was demonstrated in the mid LAD using a 0.014" guidewire-mounted pressure sensor. An abnormal fractional flow reserve was measured in the LAD. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 51:335-338, 2000.