cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanics and Differential Healing Outcomes of Small and Large Defect Injuries of the Tendon-Bone Attachment in the Rat Rotator Cuff

The size of rotator cuff tears affects clinical outcomes following rotator cuff repair and is correlated with risk of re-injury. This study aimed to understand how defect size influences the structural and mechanical outcomes of the injured rotator cuff attachment in vivo. We used our previously established model of full-thickness injury of the rotator cuff tendon-bone attachment in Long Evans rats to compare differences in healing outcomes between small and large defects. Biomechanical properties, gross morphology, bone remodeling, and cell and tissue morphology were assessed at 3- or 8-weeks of healing. At the time of injury (no healing), large defects had decreased mechanical properties compared to small defects, and both defect sizes had decreased mechanical properties compared to intact attachments. The mechanical properties of the defect groups were comparable after 8-weeks of healing and significantly improved compared to no healing but failed to return to intact levels. Local bone volume at the defect site was higher in large compared to small defects on average and increased from 3- to 8-weeks. Contrastingly, bone quality, measured as bone volume percentage and trabecular morphometry, of the total epiphysis and greater tubercle decreased from 3- to 8-weeks of healing and these changes were not dependent on defect size. Qualitatively, we observed that large defects had increased disorganized collagen and neovascularization compared to small defects. In this study, we demonstrated that not only small but also large defects do not regenerate the mechanical and structural integrity of the intact rat rotator cuff attachment following healing in vivo. Statement of Clinical Significance: Our rat model of full-thickness rotator cuff tears may be beneficial to understand and prevent tear enlargement in vivo.
The Use of Smart Technology on Improving Time Management of College Students with Intellectual/Developmental Disability

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of smart technology (i.e., Apple iPhone and Fitbit Smartwatch) on time management skill acquisition of students with intellectual/developmental disabilities who attend college. A single-subject multiple probe design was used to examine the use of the Model-Lead-Test strategy on three studentâs ability to set alarms based on his or her daily schedule and then leave for class on time. Results show that all students were able to acquire the skills needed to independently set the alarms in a brief amount of time. A description of the methodology, task analysis, and results are provided.
Wellness Survey Responses and Smartphone App Response Efficiency: Associations With Remote History of Sport-Related Concussion:

Recent research findings have strongly suggested that sport-related concussion (SRC) increases risk for subsequent injury of any type, as well as a potential for long-term adverse effects on neurol...
Exploring the Characteristics of Secret Eye Movements During Fixation: a New Approach of Chaotic Time Series

Unconscious eye movements during fixation exhibit characteristics that are consistent with chaotic behavior. Nonlinear modeling of chaotic time series provides more accurate prediction of eye movements during fixation for computer simulation studies and a better understanding of the parameters affecting fixation with eccentric PRLs.
Cost Estimate for Pile-Driving Projects

This chapter discusses the cost estimates for pile-driving projects that consist of material and labor costs. The chapter presents certain guidelines that help generate a cost estimate for a piling project.
Situation calculus as answer set programming

We show how the situation calculus can be reformulated in terms of the first-order stable model semantics. A further transformation into answer set programs allows us to use an answer set solver to perform propositional reasoning about the situation calculus. We also provide an answer set programming style encoding method for Reiter's basic action theories, which tells us how the solution to the frame problem in answer set programming is related to the solution in the situation calculus.
Arbitrability Decisions Before, During, and after Arbitration

The arbitration-litigation process respecting international commercial arbitration can be divided into three principal stages. Stage One occurs before a national court where a primary issue is whether the court should decide the merits of the dispute or refer the parties to arbitration. This decision turns on whether the parties have entered a binding and enforceable agreement to arbitrate their dispute -- in other words, whether the dispute is arbitrable. Stage Two occurs before the arbitrators, once they have been chosen and have initiated arbitral proceedings. Here again, an opposing party may challenge the arbitrability of the dispute by petitioning the arbitrators to dismiss the case because they do not have good jurisdiction or the claim is not admissible. Stage Three occurs after the arbitrators have rendered an award and the parties are disputing before a national court whether the award is enforceable. A ground for not enforcing the award is that the dispute was not arbitrable. This book chapter discusses the principal issues, doctrines, and approaches that arise concerning the arbitrability decision at each of these three stages of the arbitration-litigation process. The discussion takes a transnational approach, focusing on several of the leading arbitration jurisdictions, including especially the U.S. and France.
A Review of: “Communicating social support, by D. J. Goldsmith”: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 218 pp. ISBN 0-5218-2590-3 (hardcover) $70.00

As Daena Goldsmith highlights in the introduction to her book, talking about problems with family and friends is important to individual and relational well-being. Goldsmith provides a detailed acc...
Disaster Mediation Programs - Ensuring Fairness and Quality for Minority Participants

In recent years, natural disasters - such as floods, hurricanes, mudslides, and fires - have caused massive and catastrophic damage to residential property, precipitating homeowners to bring thousands of damage claims against their property insurers. Without insurance proceeds, many homeowners are unable to repair the damage to their homes, preventing the homeowners from moving forward with their lives. A quick resolution of these insurance claims serves homeowners and the regions as a whole by avoiding economic disaster in the affected areas. In response to these high volumes of claims, state departments of insurance have promulgated emergency rules to help resolve disputes arising from these claims. Mediation, a dispute resolution process designed to provide a non-adversarial, effective, fair, and timely method of resolving disputes, is the process of choice for many of these programs. This article discusses the inherent difficulties that homeowners, especially minority homeowners, face when trying to settle post-disaster insurance claims through the mediation process. Additionally, the article explains emergency mediation programs, pointing out their benefits and weaknesses, and proposes that any emergency mediation program designed to place a homeowner on a level playing field with the insurer should also strive to place the minority groups on that same level. To achieve this end, the author suggests that designers of emergency mediation programs should (1) educate minorities regarding post-disaster mediation, (2) encourage the presence of legal representation on behalf of homeowners during the mediations, (3) allow homeowners to use public adjusters during settlement negotiations, and (4) train mediators to be culturally competent regarding minority participants in the mediations.
Extension of the Tz = −32 beta-delayed proton precursor series to 57Zn☆

Two new β+-delayed proton precursors, 53Ni and 57Zn, have been produced by the 40Ca(16O, 3n) and 40Ca(20Ne, 3n) reactions, respectively. A single proton group (Ep (c.m.) = 1.94 ± 0.05 MeV, T12 = 45 ± 15 ms) was observed following the decay of 53Ni, while three proton groups (Ep (c.m.) = 1.95 ± 0.05, 2.58 ± 0.05, and 4.65 ± 0.05 MeV, T12 = 40 ± 10 ms) were observed following the decay of 57Zn.
Nonparametric identification of dynamic decision processes with discrete and continuous choices

This paper establishes conditions for nonparametric identification of dynamic optimization models in which agents make both discrete and continuous choices. We consider identification of both the payoff function and the distribution of unobservables. Models of this kind are prevalent in applied microeconomics and many of the required conditions are standard assumptions currently used in empirical work. We focus on conditions on the model that can be implied by economic theory and assumptions about the data generating process that are likely to be satisfied in a typical application. Our analysis is intended to highlight the identifying power of each assumption individually, where possible, and our proofs are constructive in nature.
Effects of N2-O2 and CO2-O2 Tensions on Growth of Fungi Isolated from Damaged Flue-Cured Tobacco

Ten fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. ruber, A. repens, A. amstelodami, Alternaria tenuis, Penicillium brevi-compactum, Cladosporium herbarum, and Chaetomium dolicotrichum, were isolated from moldy flue-cured tobacco and grown in various mixtures of N2-O2 or CO2-O2. A 1 to 5% concentration of O2 in an N2 atmosphere caused the greatest change in growth of the nine species, and a 10 to 20% concentration of O2 for A. flavus. All species, except A. amstelodami and A. ruber, grew faster in air than in mixtures containing 10% O2. High O2 concentrations generally inhibited furrow production in the mycelial mats. In an atmosphere of 5 to 40% O2 in the N2 atmosphere, furrows formed in mycelial mats between 5 and 40% O2 in the species except for A. ruber, A. repens, and A. amstelodami, which produced none in any concentration. As O2 decreased below 20%, spore production was progressively decreased, colony color faded to white, and cleistothecia formation was suppressed. In CO2-O2 mixtures radial growth of all species increased with each quantitative decrease of CO2. All species except A. niger grew faster in air than in 10% CO2. In contrast to N2-O2 mixtures, the fungi formed furrows, sporulation and cleistothecial formation were suppressed, and colony color changed to white in higher O2 concentrations.
Low cost VR meets low cost multi-touch

This paper presents the design, implementation, and lessons learned from developing a multi-surface VR visualization environment. The environment combines a head-tracked vertical VR display with a multi-touch table display. An example user interface technique called Shadow Grab is presented to demonstrate the potential of this design. Extending recent efforts to make VR more accessible to a broad audience, the work makes use of low-cost VR components and demonstrates how these can be combined in a multiple display configuration with lowcost multi-touch hardware, drawing upon knowledge from the rapidly growing low-cost/do-it-yourself multi-touch community. Details needed to implement the interactive environment are provided along with discussion of the limitations of the current design and the potential of future design variants.
Decreased lactate concentration and glycolytic enzyme expression reflect inhibition of mTOR signal transduction pathway in B-cell lymphoma

Application of the kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment is rapidly growing. However, the methods for monitoring the effectiveness of the inhibitors are still poorly developed and currently rely mainly on tracking changes in the tumor volume, a rather late and relatively insensitive marker of therapeutic response. In contrast, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can detect changes in cell metabolism, which has potential for providing early and patient-specific markers of drug activity. Using human B-cell lymphoma models and MRS, we demonstrate that inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway can be detected in malignant cells in vitro and noninvasively in vivo by measuring lactate levels. An mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, suppressed lactic acid production in the lymphoma cell line cultures and also diminished steady state lactate levels in xenotransplants. The inhibition was time dependent and first detectable 8 hours after drug administration in cell cultures. In the xenotransplants, two days of rapamycin treatment produced significant changes in lactic acid concentration in the tumor measured in vivo that were followed by tumor growth arrest and tumor volume regression. The rapamycin-induced changes in lactate production strongly correlated with inhibition of expression of hexokinase II, the key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. These studies suggest that MRS or FDG PET detection of changes in glucose metabolism may be effective noninvasive methods for monitoring mTOR targeting therapy in lymphomas and other malignancies. Furthermore, measuring glucose metabolic inhibition by MRS or by FDG PET imaging may also prove effective in monitoring the efficacy of other kinase inhibitors, given that the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR is down-stream of many oncogenic signaling pathways.
Mammary Amino Acid Utilization in Dairy Cows Fed Fat and Its Relationship to Milk Protein Depression

Changes in mammary AA utilization associated with dietary fat-induced milk protein depression were assessed in cows with disturbed AA status. Four first lactation cows fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a factorial arrangement of treatments: two diets and two casein infusion sites within a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diets were formulated with yellow grease at 0 or 4% of DM. An 8% sodium caseinate solution was infused continuously at 5.04 kg/d into the rumen or abomasum during the last 5 d of each 21-d period. Arterial AA concentrations were reduced by dietary fat treatment and increased by abomasal sodium caseinate infusion. Mammary arteriovenous differences of essential AA tended to increase with both abomasal casein infusion and dietary fat treatments. With ruminal casein infusion treatments, yellow grease supplementation increased the percentage of extraction of blood essential AA into mammary tissue. Mammary blood flow rate dropped 7% on high fat treatments, preventing an increase in uptakes of critical AA to accompany the improved efficiency of milk synthesis, which was evident from a significantly reduced ratio of mammary blood flow to milk volume, resulting in depressed milk protein content.
Acute, complete proximal small bowel obstruction after laparoscopic gastric bypass due to intraluminal blood clot formation.

Abstract Background To report the presentation and management of early complete proximal small bowel obstruction from intraluminal clot after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 5 female patients who developed small bowel obstruction at the jejunojejunostomy (JJ) secondary to intraluminal clot from January 2001 to January 2003. We analyzed the signs and symptoms, etiology of bowel obstruction, and operative treatment. Results From January 2001 to January 2003, 5 patients who had undergone successful laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass developed proximal small bowel obstruction from a solid intraluminal clot secondary to staple line bleeding. All patients were women, with an average age and body mass index of 37 years and 43.41 kg/m 2 , respectively. All patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal series on postoperative day 1, which revealed no leak, and all became symptomatic on postoperative day 2. Tachycardia and a "sense of impending doom" were both observed in 80% of the patients with this clinical syndrome. The intraoperative findings consistently revealed intraluminal clot obstructing the JJ. After reexploration and anastomotic revision, all patients had an uneventful recovery, with an average hospital length of stay of 9.8 days (range 8–11). Conclusion Staple line bleeding potentially exacerbated by perioperative subcutaneous heparin use can cause proximal small bowel obstruction at the JJ after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. It presents on postoperative day 2 most commonly as tachycardia and a "sense of impending doom." Prompt recognition and immediate reexploration will lead to an uneventful recovery. The need for complete anastomotic JJ revision is discussed.
Investigating autonomic runtime management strategies for SAMR applications

Dynamic structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) techniques along with the emergence of the computational Grid offer the potential for realistic scientific and engineering simulations of complex physical phenomena. However, the inherent dynamic nature of SAMR applications coupled with the heterogeneity and dynamism of the underlying Grid environment present significant research challenges. This paper presents application/system sensitive reactive and proactive partitioning strategies that form a part of the GridARM autonomic runtime management framework. An evaluation using different SAMR kernels and system workloads is presented to demonstrate the improvement in overall application performance.
Anwendung und Möglichkeiten der Atomabsorptionsspektrophotometrie

Die AAS als Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Metallen und Halbmetallen hat sich schon auf vielen Gebieten der biochemischen Analytik ihren festen Platz erobert. Durch Verbesserungen der Instrumentation ist es heute moglich, Metallkonzentrationen bis herab in den ppb-Bereich zu bestimmen. Die dazu verwendeten Gerate werden beschrieben und einige typische Anwendungsfalle, wie die Bestimmung der Serumelektrolyte, diskutiert.
Anisotropy in computer-simulated fluids

Abstract This paper reports results of studies of the anisotropy introduced by periodic boundary conditions into fluids simulated by Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. The anisotropy is probed by expanding the assumed directional dependence of the pair distribution function in spherical harmonics. Molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones liquid have been used to determine the anisotropy as a function of system size and duration of the simulation. Although there is a measurable anisotropy even in systems of 256 atoms, the spherically-averaged, radial distribution functions calculated for systems of 32, 108, 256, and 864 atoms are all in reasonably close agreement.
The mechanism of Q replication: sequence at the 5' terminus of a 6-S RNA template.

Abstract The infection of Escherichia coli by the RNA-containing bacteriophage Qβ results in the appearance of several distinctive RNA species. One of these species with a sedimentation coefficient of 6S serves as a template for the viral replicase and seems to possess an unusual secondary structure. The nucleotide sequence at the 5′ terminus of a cloned 6-S RNA was determined to be pppGpGpGpApUp.
Non-Euclidean geometry and Weierstrassian mathematics: The background to Killing's work on Lie algebras

Abstract A discussion of the manner in which discoveries in non-Euclidean geometry, combined with the Weierstrassian attitude towards mathematics, led Wilhelm Killing, one of Weierstrass' students, to initiate a research program on foundations of geometry that led to his groundbreaking investigations on the structure of Lie algebras.
A new membrane iron-sulfur flavoprotein of the mitochondrial electron transfer system. The entrance point of the fatty acyl dehydrogenation pathway?

Abstract An iron-sulfur (FeS) protein has been purified from beef heart mitochondria by following its EPR signal after reduction, which is characteristic of a ferredoxin-type FeS protein (gx = 1.886; gy = 1.939; gz = 2.086). The signal intensity corresponds to one unpaired spin for 4 to 5 Fe atoms. The light absorption spectrum indicates the presence of flavin. Fe, labile S, and FAD are released by acid at a ratio of approximately 4:4:1. Neither prosthetic group of the protein is reduced by NADH, NADPH, succinate, glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroorotate. The FeS group is, however, reduced with a half-time of ∼5 msec, when the protein is mixed with an equivalent amount of electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) of the β-oxidation cycle, prereduced with an acyl CoA dehydrogenase and a saturated fatty acyl CoA. In the presence of the two added flavoproteins the behavior of the flavin of the FeS flavoprotein could not be determined. Complexes I–III are not reduced by reduced ETF under analogous conditions. The low field EPR resonance [“center 5”, Ohnishi et al . (1972) , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46 , 1631–1638] of the protein is readily observed in whole tissue, mitochondria and sonic fragments from all species we have examined. Therefore, the protein appears to be a universal constituent of mitochondrial electron transfer systems.
Lunar electric fields, surface potential and associated plasma sheaths

A review is given of studies of the electric-field environment of the moon. Surface electric potentials are reported for the dayside and terminator regions, electron and ion densities in the plasma sheath adjacent to each surface-potential regime are evaluated, and the corresponding Debye lengths are estimated. The electric fields, which are approximated by the surface potential over the Debye length, are shown to be at least three orders of magnitude higher than the pervasive solar-wind electric field and to be confined to within a few tens of meters of the lunar surface.
Life-history differences among coral reef sponges promote mutualism or exploitation of mutualism by influencing partner fidelity feedback.

Abstract: Mutualism can be favored over exploitation of mutualism when interests of potential heterospecific partners are aligned so that individual organisms are beneficial to each others’ continued growth, survival, and reproduction, that is, when exploitation of a particular partner individual is costly. A coral reef sponge system is particularly amenable to field experiments probing how costs of exploitation can be influenced by life‐history characteristics. Pairwise associations among three of the sponge species are mutually beneficial. A fourth species, Desmapsamma anchorata, exploits these mutualisms. Desmapsamma also differs from the other species by growing faster, fragmenting more readily, and suffering higher mortality rates. Evaluating costs and benefits of association in the context of the complex life histories of these asexually fragmenting sponges shows costs of exploitation to be high for the mutualistic species but very low for this essentially weedy species. Although it benefits from as...
Constructive Partner or Menacing Threat? Analyzing China's Role in the Iranian Nuclear Program

Abstract This article examines contrasting paradigms of China's foreign policy in the context of China's role in the Iranian nuclear program. In contrast to revisionist and status quo paradigms, which view China as either a menacing threat or a constructive partner of the United States, this article advances a reformist paradigm that presents China as neither a follower nor an opponent of US policies. Rather, the reformist paradigm suggests that although China has placed a premium on its relations with Washington, it has also pursued stealthily obstructive policies in Iran that have enabled it to garner substantial narrow gains at the expense of compromising the US agenda in the region. The author calls this grand strategy opportunistic pragmatism.
A paintbrush laser range scanner

A new hand-held laser range scanner is introduced that can capture multi-view range images of an object and integrate the images without registering them. The scanner uses a reference double-frame that acts as the coordinate system of the object. Range images captured from different views of the object are in the coordinate system of the double-frame and, thus, automatically come together. A single-view image is obtained by sweeping a laser line over the object while keeping the camera fixed and analyzing the acquired laser stripes. The laser line generator and the camera can move independently, making it possible to conveniently scan an object just like painting over it with a paintbrush while viewing it from different views. The hardware and software organization of the scanner are described, the characteristics of the scanner are investigated, and example images captured by the scanner are presented.
On ergodic properties of restrictions of inner functions

We consider inner functions on the unit disk which have a finite number of singularities on the unit circle. The restriction of such functions to the circle are maps onto the circle. We give sufficient conditions that these restrictions are exact endomorphisms whose natural extensions are Bernoulli and that the entropy is given by Rohlin's formula, We also give the entropy in closed form if ƒ' is in the Nevalinna class N. An example is considered. In the last section we show that if two restrictions are metrically isomorphic, they are diffeomorphic.
Ranking terrorist targets using a hybrid AHP–TOPSIS methodology

We present a methodology and an example of preparing an order of merit list to rank terrorist targets based upon decision-maker weights. We used an old terrorist data set as our base data to keep the information unclassified. This data is used to demonstrate this methodology. We perform numerical iterative criteria weight sensitivity analysis to show the effects on the model’s outputs in changes in the weights. We identify the critical criterion.
Carbonaceous materials in the acid residue from the Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite meteorite

Insoluble organic matter (IOM) dominates the HF/HCl residue of the Orgueil (CI) carbonaceous chondrite meteorite. The IOM is composed primarily of two C-rich particle types. The first has a fluffy texture similar to crumpled tissue paper, and the second type occurs as solid or hollow nanospheres. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of the fluffy material show it is poorly ordered, with small, irregularly shaped regions having fringes with 0.34-0.38 nm spacings and locally 0.21 nm cross-fringes. Nanodiamonds occur in the fluffy material. The rounded C-rich particles are common in the residue and their HRTEM images show neither fringes nor nanodiamonds. Both types of carbonaceous materials have a high aromatic component, as revealed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), with up to 10 at% substitution by S, N, and O. The average compositions of the fluffy material and nanospheres are C100S1.9N3.7O4.9 and C100S2.4N5.0O3.9, respectively. The structural and chemical heterogeneity of the carbonaceous materials may represent material from multiple sources.
Effect of Nanoparticles on the Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities of Polymer/Nanoparticle Thin Films

The influence of gold nanoparticles on electrohydrodynamic instabilities in polymer/nanoparticle nanocomposite thin films was studied as a function of nanoparticle concentration, electric field strength, molecular weight, and film geometry. Thin films of polystyrene mixed up to 1 vol % (20 wt %) of gold nanoparticles having polystyrene ligands under an applied electric field showed electrohydrodynamic instability patterns similar to those seen in pure polystyrene. The presence of gold nanoparticles increased the dielectric constant of the films, which led to a systematic reduction in the wavelength of the surface instabilities. Transmission electron microscopy showed that no migration or aggregation of the gold nanoparticles occurred as a result of the applied electric field. This work points to a simple route to reduce the size scale of columnar patterns generated by electrohydrodynamic instabilities.
Agonist-dependent Phosphorylation of an Epitope-tagged Human Prostacyclin Receptor

Abstract An epitope-tagged human prostacyclin receptor (HAhIP) was constructed and stably transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The receptor exhibited high (Kd = 0.4 ± 0.08 nM, Bmax = 0.7 ± 0.2 pmol/mg protein; n = 4) and low (Kd = 75 ± 27.4 nM, Bmax = 7.1 ± 3.6 pmol/mg protein; n = 4) affinity for iloprost and coupled to both cAMP (EC50 = 0.1 ± 0.03 nM) and inositol phosphate (EC50 = 43.1 ± 10 nM) production. The receptor resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a broad complex with a molecular mass of 44-62 kDa and is glycosylated and phosphorylated. Stimulation of transfected cells with iloprost induced a rapid time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of HAhIP. Pretreatment of cells with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (GF109203X; 5 μM) abolished basal phosphorylation and dramatically reduced iloprost-induced HAhIP phosphorylation. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H89) was largely ineffective under the same conditions. HAhIP phosphorylation was stimulated by receptor-dependent (thrombin, 2 units/ml) or receptor-independent (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 5 μM) PKC activation; both were abolished by pretreatment of cells with GF109203X. In contrast, receptor-independent (forskolin (5 μM) or dibutyryl cAMP (1 μM)) activation of PKA did not induce HAhIP phosphorylation. These results indicate that the human prostacyclin receptor may be regulated by agonist-dependent phosphorylation. This appears to be mediated, in part, by activation of PKC but not by PKA.
Edge detection using joint transform correlation

A new joint wavelet transform correlation based technique is proposed for feature extraction such as detection of edges in an unknown input scene. We exploited a modified version of the Roberts and Sobel wavelet filters as the reference images for extracting the edges of an unknown input scene. The performance of the proposed technique using the aforementioned wavelet filters are evaluated and compared using numerical simulations.
Functional Consequences of Sarcopenia: Effects on Thermoregulation

The loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging (sarcopenia), and related changes in body size and composition, may impact body temperature and thermoregulation in both hot and cold environmental conditions. Sarcopenia alters the thermal properties of the body as a passive system because of differences in water content, and thus specific heat, of muscle and adipose tissue. With respect to active thermoregulation in warm environments, differences in fat-free weight (FFW) can explain more than 80% of the variance in absolute blood volume (BV) among individuals (Allen et al., 1956) and BV, in turn, profoundly influences the cardiovascular responses to exercise and heat stress. For example, a lower BV for a given body weight may explain more than half of the variability in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Thus, as VO2max declines, any absolute task represents a higher relative VO2max (% VO2max) and proportionately greater cardiovascular strain. Because BV is an important determinant of left-ventricular filling pressure, and because older individuals rely more on the Frank-Starling mechanism to increase cardiac output (Q), a lower BV may also be associated with an inability to increase Q appropriately. These effects are particularly important under conditions of heat stress, where a larger increase in Q is necessary to perfuse both skin and active muscle vascular beds. With exposure to cold, age-related changes in body composition affect the insulation provided by the peripheral tissues, especially in the limbs. This results in an increased reliance on peripheral vasoconstriction to minimize heat loss, yet this vasoconstriction is attenuated in older individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Toxicity, residue dynamics, and reproductive effects of phthalate esters in aquatic invertebrates

Abstract Aquatic invertebrates were exposed to di-n-butyl and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate esters in water to determine toxicity, accumulation, and reproductive effects of these compounds. The acute toxicities were low and ranged from 2.1 mg/liter to greater than 32 mg/liter. Residue accumulation was rapid resulting in body residues 70-13,600 times that of the water concentration. Phthalate residues were essentially gone after 10 days in fresh water. A reproductive impairment of 60% occurred in Daphnia magna exposed continuously to 3 μg/liter of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate.
Scientific research with the UCSB free electron laser

Abstract The University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) free electron laser (FEL) operates as a high-power, continuously tunable, coherent source of radiation in the submillimeter and far infrared (FIR) region. As an initial phase of the UCSB FEL science research program, a set of experiments in condensed matter science have been selected to demonstrate the unique capabilities of this new source. A summary of the proposed studies is presented here.
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in a thrombosed renal allograft vein

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign endothelial proliferation of unclear pathogenesis, usually associated with thrombus as an unusual mode of organization and occasionally coexisting with vascular neoplasms. A 65-year-old white woman with chronic renal disease caused by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis experienced the failure of a cadaveric renal allograft 10 days after implantation. Pathological manifestations in the resected graft included total infarction and thrombi in both the renal artery and vein, the latter of which showed typical histopathologic features of IPEH. Papillary formations with fibrinous cores lined by bland endothelial cells surrounded fresh and organizing thrombus, and the proliferation had a highly cellular peripheral zone not readily recognizable as vascular. Immunohistochemical stains for factor VIII, CD34, and in particular CD31, however, confirmed the nature of both the papillary and solid areas of the proliferation as vascular endothelium. We present the first report of this lesion in an allograft vessel, and we find its rapid development, in association with a thrombus of clinically discernable age, to be strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that IPEH represents an uncommon morphology of organizing thrombus.
CHAPTER 17 – Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Proteins constantly undergo breakdown and synthesis. During growth, even though there is net deposition of protein, the rates of synthesis and breakdown are increased. Total protein turnover in a well-fed, adult human is estimated at about 300 g/day, of which approximately 100 g is myofibrillar protein, 30 g is digestive enzymes, 20 g is small intestinal cell protein, and 15 g is hemoglobin. The remainder is accounted for by turnover of cellular proteins of various other cells such as hepatocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and oxidation of amino acids, and a small amount is lost as free amino acids in urine. Dietary protein provides organic nitrogen and the essential amino acids. The quantitative estimation of protein requirement must take into account the quality of protein, as determined by its essential amino acid composition. If the concentration of one amino acid is significantly greater or less than that of the others, utilization of the others may be depressed and will be reflected in growth failure. Proteins of animal origin, such as meats, eggs, milk, cheese, poultry, and fish are of good quality since they provide all of the essential amino acids. Plant proteins are generally of poor quality as they lack one or more essential amino acids. The best quality plant proteins are found in legumes and nuts. Intracellular metabolism of amino acids requires their transport across the cell membrane. Transport of L-amino acids occurs against a concentration gradient and is an active process usually coupled to Na + -dependent carrier systems as for transport of glucose across the intestinal mucosa.
The preparation of phenacylpyrazoles, acylpyrazoles, imidazolylisoxazoles and imidazolylpyrazoles from C(α)-dianions of oximes, phenylhydrazones and acylhydrazones

C(α),O-Dilithiooximes, C(α), N-dilithiophenylhydrazones, or C(α), N-dilithioacylhydrazones were prepared in an excess of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and condensed with a variety of esters followed by acid-cyclization to give substituted isoxazoles and pyrazoles.
The interaction of diet and microflora in experimental caries in the rat.

Abstract Weanling rats were pretreated with tetracycline and erythromycin and subjected to a caries test period on either Diet 580 (associated with caries on all tooth surfaces) or Diet 585 (associated with caries in the sulci only). One group on each diet was maintained as controls, two groups were reinfected by exposure, one to donor animals which had been on Diet 580 and one to donors on Diet 585. Exposed animals on Diet 580 developed both sulcal and smooth-surface lesions, irrespective of the diet consumed by the donor animals from which they were infected. This indicates that a microflora capable of inducing smooth surface caries was supported by both diets and transmissible from both groups of donors. The control animals on Diet 580 developed lesions in the molar sulci only, indicating that a segment of their microflora which was essential for the induction of caries on the smooth surfaces had been selectively eliminated by the antibiotic treatment. All animals receiving Diet 585, whether they were uninfected controls or exposed to donors, developed carious lesions almost exclusively in the sulci. The results indicate (1) that a specific type of microflora is required for the development of smooth-surface caries and (2) that even in the presence of such a flora and a diet which can support it, smooth-surface lesions may not occur. It is suggested that in the case of Diet 585 this was due to the inability of microbial plaques to accumulate on the smooth surfaces of the molars.
Different temporal gradients of retrograde amnesia produced by metrazol or electroconvulsive shock

Temporal gradients of amnesic effects produced by Metrazol or electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment were compared in the same step down experimental situation. Both ECS and Metrazol convulsions, occurring approximately 90 sec after one-trial passive avoidance training, caused retrograde amnesia (RA) in rats. When administered 5 min after training, Metrazol caused RA while ECS did not. This and other evidence suggests that the two treatments produce RA via different mechanisms.
Universal expression for blocking cone size based on the ZBL potential

Abstract Calculations of blocking cone sizes for the “blocking geometry” of the scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry (SARIS) technique have been performed. By fitting calculated points in the space of the parameters of the interacting atomic species, a universal formula for calculating the blocking cone size for arbitrary energies and interacting species has been derived. This provides a “blocking cross-section” and an estimate of the total scattering cross-section of the process under consideration. The results obtained from the formula are compared with experimental SARIS blocking cone data for He + and Ne + scattering from a Pt(1 1 1) surface in the energy range 3–20 keV. The blocking cones in this low-energy range are appreciably asymmetric with respect to the interatomic axis. At small interatomic distances and low-projectile energies, the difference in angular size of the upper and lower halves of the blocking cone can be as large as 15%. The results of scattering and recoiling imaging code simulations and molecular dynamics blocking cone trajectory simulations using the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark potential are in good agreement with experimental blocking cone sizes. Comparison is also made to the results of other formulas for the critical blocking angle found in the literature.
It was never meant for us: Towards a black feminist construct of citizenship in social studies

Abstract This qualitative study focused on how two women African American teachers understand the purpose of teaching social studies and citizenship. The multiple identities as African American women and teachers along with their knowledge of African American history impacted the way notions of citizenship were understood and taught to students. The teachers drew on tenets of Black Feminist thought to make sense of construct of citizenship. Instead of conveying traditional notions of citizenship that include personal responsibility, patriotism, and membership to the nation state, they rejected these constructs of citizenship and understood their role as social studies teachers to instill notions of community membership and agency as aspects of citizenship. African American teacher׳s alternative notions of citizenship may provide a framework by which reconceptualized multiple views of American citizenship may be presented.
A prospective study of fish, marine fatty acids, and bladder cancer risk among men and women (United States).

To evaluate prospectively the association between intakes of fish, marine fatty acids, and bladder cancer risk in two ongoing cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and the Nurses’ Health Study. During 16 and 18 years of follow-up, 501 and 235 incident cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed among men and women, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between fish intake and bladder cancer risk adjusting for age, total caloric intake, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and current smoking. We observed no significant overall association between total fish intake and bladder cancer risk, even when we compared ≥1 servings of fish per day to fish intake ≤1–3 servings per month. Among men, a statistically significant lower risk of bladder cancer was observed among men consuming fish or high marine fatty acid, after excluding the first 4 years of follow-up (MV RR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38–0.94, for ≥1 total fish servings per day compared to ≤1–3 servings per month). Overall, these findings suggest that fish intake is not likely to be appreciably associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
Introduction to the theme.

Spicker introduces a set of five articles on medico-economic, ethical, and conceptual problems raised by the new Medicare prospective payment system (PPS), which bases reimbursement of hospitals on treatment of patients in disease categories known as diagnosis related groups (DRGs). The articles are by Charles E. Begley ("Prospective payment and medical ethics"); George J. Agich ("Incentives and obligations under prospective payment"); Thomas Halper ("DRGs and the idea of a just price"); Leonard M. Fleck ("DRGs: justice and the invisible rationing of health care resources"); and Edmund L. Erde ("Efficiency, ethics and indigent care: a review of the proceedings of the conference 'The all-payers DRG system: has New Jersey found an efficient and ethical way to provide indigent care?").
Barack Obama’s Faustian Bargain and the Fight for America’s Racial Soul

This article provides the theoretical and conceptual grounding for understanding how critical race theory (CRT), as a discourse of liberation, can be used as a methodological and epistemological to...
Software architecture for a kinematically dissimilar master-slave telethesis for exploring rehabilitation applications

A person with limited arm and hand function could benefit from technology based on teleoperation principles, particularly where the mechanism provides proprioceptive-like information to the operator giving an idea of the forces encountered in the environment and the positions of the slave robot. A test-bed system is being prepared to evaluate the potential for adapting telemanipulator technology to the needs of people with high level spinal cord injury. This test-bed uses a kinematically dissimilar master and slave pair and will be adaptable to a variety of disabilities. The master will be head controlled and when combined with auxiliary functions will provide the degrees of freedom necessary to attempt any task. In the simplest case, this mapping could be direct, with the slave amplifying the person's movements and forces. It is unrealistic however to expect that the operator will have the range of head movement required for accurate operation of the slave over the full workspace. Neither is it likely that the person will be able to achieve simultaneous and independent control of the 6 or more degrees of freedom required to move the slave. Thus a set of more general mappings must be available that can be chosen to relate to the intrinsic coordinates of the task. The software structure to implement the control of this master-slave system is based on two IBM PC computers linked via an ethernet.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Iterated vanishing cycles

If A • is a bounded, constructible complex of sheaves on a complex analytic space X, and $${f : X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}}$$ and $${g : X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}}$$ are complex analytic functions, then the iterated vanishing cycles φ g [−1](φ f [−1]A •) are important for a number of reasons. We give a formula for the stalk cohomology H*(φ g [−1]φ f [−1]A •) x in terms of relative polar curves, algebra, and Morse modules of A •.
Studies in coal dust explosions: Influence of additives on extingtion of high intensity coal dust flames

The effects of 9 additives on the extinction limits of coal dust flames have been studied in a 200 c.c. jet-mix stirred reactor, and the behavior of 6 of the 9 have been shown to be described by a common equation based on thermal loading, incorporating chemical decomposition of the additives where this is approprioate. The remaining 3 are presumed to be acting as chemical reaction inhibitors, in agreement with other studies. The additives were: N 2 , He, CO 2 , fly ash, limestone (rock dust), MgSO 4 .7H 2 O (Epsom salts), KHOCO 3 (Purple-K), NaCl (TVBCD-1)., and NH 4 H 2 PO 2 (ABC). The last three are commercial fire retardants: they are all presumed to be acting as chemical inhibitors (chain terminators), but our results support the presumption only for the last two, and also for the Epsom salts. Curves of: additie percent to suppress the flame; and temperature at extinction; were obtained as a function of stoichiometry and plotted as closed extinction loops. Extinction temperatures were found to be substantially independent of the type of additive, a result not previously reported, with essentially constant values of about 900C for >1, and declining withfor 4 Conditions in the reactor are known to be comparable to those at the head of a coal dust explosion flame 1 so that extension of these results and the extinction analysis to such flames should be valid.
Abundances and isotopic compositions of rare gases in granites.

The contents and the isotopic compositions have been measured mass-spectrometrically for neon, argon, krypton and xenon released from four specimens of granites in stepwise-heating experiments. These rocks contained appreciable amounts of 40Ar from the decay of 40K and 131-136Xe from the 238U spontaneous fission. The contents of neon, argon (excluding 40Ar), krypton and xenon in these granites were considerably lower than the estimated rare gas contents of rocks reported by BROWN (1949), except for the Red Rock granite, which contained an abnormally large amount of xenon. The Ne/Xe, Ar/Xe and Kr/Xe ratios in the Red Rock granite were abnormal in that they resembled the relative abundances in meteorites. Moreover, a large fraction of the total xenon released from the Red Rock granite appeared to be a mixture of AVCC xenon and the atmospheric xenon. The Red Rock granite is from the Sudbury structure, Ontario, Canada, which is believed to have been formed by the impact of an asteroid in an event that formed a crater 30 miles in diameter 1, 720 million years ago.
Further scrubbing and quantum efficiency results of the HST-COS far-ultraviolet detector

The flight microchannel plate detectors to be used in the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, a fourth generation instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope, have been calibrated in the laboratory before being integrated into the spectrograph. This paper presents additional findings following a second scrub that became necessary when a fault was found with the quantum efficiency enhancement grid.