cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of the 19 S RNA transcript encoded by the cauliflower mosaic virus genome.

Abstract Turnip leaves infected with cauliflower mosaic virus accumulate several virus-derived RNA species. These include a large transcript (>25 S) and a 19 S transcript. R-looping and diazo-cellulose filter hybridization techniques show that the 19 S RNA is derived from a contiguous segment of the CaMV genome which includes Eco R1-b and -d DNA fragments. This region encodes the synthesis of a nonvirion protein called P66. The 3′ end of the 19 S transcript is polyadenylated and terminates near the single strand break in the α-strand of the genome. The 5′ end of the transcript starts in or near the Eco R1-d fragment, near position zero on the map described by Hull and Howell (1978) .
Impacts of temperature increase and acidification on thickness of the surface mucopolysaccharide layer of the Caribbean coral Diploria spp.

Coral mechanisms of resilience and resistance to stressors such as increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification must first be understood in order to facilitate the survival of coral reefs as we know them. One such mechanism is production of the protective surface mucopolysaccharide layer (SML). In this study, we investigated changes in the thickness of the SML in response to increasing temperature and acidification for the three Caribbean scleractinian coral species of the genus Diploria, which have been shown to exhibit differential resilience to disease and bleaching. Among the three species, Diploria strigosa is known to have a higher susceptibility to disease, Diploria labyrinthiformis is known to bleach more quickly, and Diploria clivosa is relatively unstudied. When temperature was increased from 25 to 31 °C over a 1- or 6-week period, the overall thickness of the SML decreased from 33 to 55 % for all three species. Average SML thickness at 25 °C for all three species ranged from 106 to 156 μm, while average thickness at 31 °C ranged from 64 to 86 μm. SML thickness was significantly different among species at 25 °C, but not at 31 °C. D. labyrinthiformis demonstrated lower fragment mortality due to thermal stress when compared to the other Diploria species. Acidification from pH 8.2 to 7.7 over 5 weeks had no effect on SML thickness for any species. The observed decrease in SML thickness in response to increased temperature might be attributed to a decrease in the production of mucus or an increase in the viscosity of the SML. These findings may help to explain the increased prevalence of coral disease during the warmer months, since increased temperature compromises an important aspect of coral innate immunity, as well as differences in disease and bleaching susceptibilities between Diploria species.
The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of a cell-free lipid synthesizing system.

Abstract The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the long-chain fatty acid synthesis by a 105000 × g supernatant solution obtained from rat liver have been studied. As with other component physiological systems it has been found to be relatively insensitive to ultraviolet light as compared to whole organisms such as bacteria. The possible site and mechanism of action have been discussed.
What are the requisites for a model transport analog

Perhaps because we have come to accept so well the possibility of exquisite preci- sion in biomolecular recognition in gen- eral, and by enzymes in particular, a need has arisen for re-emphasis of the limits that may apply to the possible one- to-one specificity between the mediators and substrates for the special area of membrane transport. Early studies with bacteria had bro~gh,* attention to trans- port systems specific virtually for one particular amino acid, sugar, etc. Accordingly, early resistance was en- countered to the now familiar idea of transport systems serving in parallel in mammalian cells and tissues, each sys- tem transporting a rather ~Jde range of amino acids. The consequence of this pattern is that each system handles a sub- stantial range, although a circumscribed one, of amino acids, and that each amino acid is moved across the plasma mem- brane often by two or more mediating systems. Amino acid transport systems of rather wide scope havc subsequently been recognized in bacteria, and nar- rowly specific ones in higher animals. For the ubiquitous wide-range systems, an obvious need has arisen to discover for each transport system the substrate analog, natural or artificial, that would serve best to identify transport catalysed by that system. Discrimination of distinct transport systems Let me first review ir~ an elementary way the matter of discrimination of dis- tinct transport systems, which I have reviewed more extc ~sively elsewhere 1.2. The total number of such systems that may serve for amino acids in each cell type has not really been established. To simplify matters, I will limit my attention to dipolar (or 'neutral')amino acids, and to three apparently ubiquitous transport systems, A, ASC, and L. Furthermore,
Antidepressant Medications in Children

In June 2003, the Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency of the British Department of Health warned physicians to avoid the off-label use of paroxetine, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, for the treatment of depression in children (18 years of age or younger). This action was taken in response to concern about a possible association between SSRIs and suicidal behavior, which includes a broad range of symptoms ranging from fleeting thoughts of self-harm to attempted suicide. Proprietary data examined by the United Kingdom regulatory agency showed a slight increase in suicidal behavior among patients who were randomly assigned to . . .
MMPI and headache: a special focus on differential diagnosis, prediction of treatment outcome, and patient—Treatment matching

The relation between personality characteristics and the psychological functioning of headache patients has long been a topic of interest. Early investigations focused on clinical and anecdotal reports while recent research has moved toward a more objective evaluation of headache groups by using the MMPI. However, the findings from diverse studies have not been integrated, nor has a rationale for the use of these data in the clinical management of headache been formally presented. The focus of this review is to present a concise, integrated analysis of previous group MMPI headache studies and apply these findings to differential diagnosis, prediction of treatment outcome, and client-treatment matching. Five selected clinical case studies indicating various degrees of psychopathology in migraine headache patients are presented to highlight treatment issues in support of an idiographic utilization of the MMPI for the clinical treatment of headache patients.
Digitonin Precipitable Steroids in Normal Human Urine

The digitonin precipitable steroids in a pool of normal adult male human urine following solvolysis were separated and identified. The following compounds (mg/100 l) were identified: 3β3-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 0.5; 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-androsten-17-one (DHA) 265.0; 3β,21-dihydroxy-Δ5-pregnen-20-one 9.0; 3β,16α-dihydroxy-Δ5-androsten-17-one 28.5; 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-androsten-7,17-dione 5.9; 3β,11β-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 2.5; 3β,16α-dihydroxy-Δ5-pregnen-20-one 7.5; cholesterol 45.0; Δ5-pregnen-3β,20α-diol 38.3; Δ5-androsten-3β,17β-diol 37.7; Δ5-pregnen-3β,17α,20α-triol 78.2; Δ5-pregnen-3β,16α,20α-triol 2.5; Δ5-androsten-3β,16β,17β-triol 2.5; Δ5-androsten-3β,16α,17β-triol 70.0.
Effects of gamma irradiation on growth, colony-forming ability and some cellular constituents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa*

Abstract Cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa grown for 3 days under gamma radiation (7200 r/day) multiplied exponentially but at a rate one-half that of controls. Colony-forming ability, declined exponentially during the 3-day period. When irradiation was discontinued on day 2, colony-producers multiplied at a rate higher than that of controls. Cultures in which such recovery had occurred showed an increase in the proportion of small cells. The postirradiation multiplication rate of colony-producers after an equivalent acute exposure was lower than controls. It is suggested that partial synchronization of survivors occurred during the 3-day irradiation. Survivors of the continuous irradiation were given various acute exposures. The resulting survival curve had a reduced shoulder when compared with a survival curve for cells not preirradiated. Cells exposed for 3 days (7200 r/day) increased in volume and had increased amounts of DNA and protein, but not of RNA. When the concentration of these substances was calculated as amount per cubic micron of cell, controls and irradiated cells did not differ with respect to DNA or protein; however, RNA concentration of irradiated cells was lower than that of controls. Radiation-induced loss in colony-forming ability of Chlorella appears to be more closely associated with reduced concentrations of RNA than of DNA or protein.
A voltage to frequency converter for astronomical photometry.

A voltage to frequency converter (VFC) for general use with photomultipliers is described. For high light levels, when the dead-time corrections for a photon counter would be excessive, the VFC maintains a linear response and allows the recording of data at high time resolution. Results of laboratory tests are given for the signal-to-noise characteristics, linearity, stability, and transient response of the VFC when used in conjunction with EMI 9658 and RCA C31034 photomultipliers.
Arterial uptake of biodegradable nanoparticles for intravascular local drug delivery: Results with an acute dog model

Biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) with a spherical diameter ranging from 70 to 160 nm were investigated for potential usefulness for the local intraluminal therapy of restenosis, the disease process responsible for arterial reobstruction following angioplasty. NPs containing a water-insoluble anti-proliferative agent U-86983 (U-86, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) were formulated from oil-water emulsions using biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and specific additives after particle formation, to enhance arterial retention using either heparin, didodecylmethylammonium bromide (DMAB), or fibrinogen, or combinations. Femoral and carotid arteries of male mongrel dogs were isolated in situ, and were then subjected to a balloon angioplasty. A NP suspension of a predetermined concentration was then infused into the artery for various durations. This was followed by a 30 min restoration of blood flow through the vessel. The arterial segments were excised and analyzed for drug levels. From the drug loading the NP and the drug levels in the artery, the quantity of nanoparticles retained was calculated and expressed as microgram per 10 mg dry arteries. In general, repeated short infusions of nanoparticle suspension (15 s x 4) were two-fold more effective in terms of higher arterial U-86 levels than a single prolonged infusion (60 s). A single 15 s infusion was not significantly different than a 60 s compared to non-modified NPs (39.2 +/- 2.5 and 49.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 21.5 +/- 0.6 micrograms/10 mg mean +/- s.e., respectively). A comparably enhanced NP uptake was noted with a combined heparin/DMAB modification. Increasing the concentration of NP in infusate from 5 to 30 mg ml-1 significantly increased arterial NP uptake level (from 22.5 +/- 3.5 to 83.7 +/- 1.4 micrograms/10 mg). Thus, the results support the view that modified nanoparticles along with optimized infusion conditions could enhance arterial wall drug concentrations of agents to treat restenosis.
Regulation of Na,K-ATPase Subunit Abundance by Translational Repression

The Na,K-ATPase is an αβ heterodimer responsible for maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in mammalian cells. We engineered Madin-Darby canine kidney cell lines expressing α1FLAG, β1FLAG, or β2MYC subunits via a tetracycline-regulated promoter and a line expressing both stable β1MYC and tetracycline-regulated β1FLAG to examine regulatory mechanisms of sodium pump subunit expression. When overexpression of exogenous β1FLAG increased total β subunit levels by >200% without changes in α subunit abundance, endogenous β1 subunit (β1E) abundance decreased. β1E down-regulation did not occur during β2MYC overexpression, indicating isoform specificity of the repression mechanism. Measurements of RNA stability and content indicated that decreased β subunit expression was not accompanied by any change in mRNA levels. In addition, the degradation rate of β subunits was not altered by β1FLAG overexpression. Cells stably expressing β1MYC, when induced to express β1FLAG subunits, showed reduced β1MYC and β1E subunit abundance, indicating that these effects occur via the coding sequences of the down-regulated polypeptides. In a similar way, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing exogenous α1FLAG subunits exhibited a reduction of endogenous α1 subunits (α1E) with no change in α mRNA levels or β subunits. The reduction in α1E compensated for α1FLAG subunit expression, resulting in unchanged total α subunit abundance. Thus, regulation of α subunit expression maintained its native level, whereas β subunit was not as tightly regulated and its abundance could increase substantially over native levels. These effects also occurred in human embryonic kidney cells. These data are the first indication that cellular sodium pump subunit abundance is modulated by translational repression. This mechanism represents a novel, potentially important mechanism for regulation of Na,K-ATPase expression.
Retrograde intussusception after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst

The authors report the first documented case of a retrograde jejunojejunal intussusception after a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst in a 2-year-old girl. She suffered from obstructive jaundice and ileus; the jaundice was alleviated but the ileus worsened after conservative treatment, and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated an intussusception and gangrene of the bowel. Surgery confirmed the presence of a retrograde jejunojejunal intussusception at the previous end-to-side anastomosis, with a dilated Roux limb and proximal duodenojejunal segment. Intestinal obstruction in a jaundiced child following Roux-en-Y anastomosis may be due to a retrograde intussusception as well as a stricture of the hepaticojejunostomy or adhesive ileus.
Pathology of the corpus luteum of cows

The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ which can manifest a number of pathologic conditions such as cysts, inflammation, adhesions, dysfunction and neoplasia. Luteal and follicular cysts are the most commonly encountered abnormalities and need to be distinguished from cysts within a normal CL. Inflammatory lesions are also frequently encountered and can be caused by viral, bacterial, or iatrogenic causes. If inflammation is severe, adhesions and subfertility/infertility can result. Luteal dysfunction is a broad classification of another pathologic condition encountered in the cow. Generally this results in abnormal production of progesterone or abnormal luteal lifespan resulting in infertility. Neoplasms are relatively rare in the CL but include both primary and metastatic tumors. Understanding the pathologic conditions that occur within the CL will allow a more accurate clinical assessment of these very dynamic endocrine structures.
Research needs and opportunities in highly conducting electroceramics

Abstract A workshop on Highly Conducting Electroceramics was held at Teton Village, Wyoming (USA) from July 9 to 13, 1990, under the auspices of the Division of Materials Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The workshop covered emerging applications, new materials, the latest experimental observations, theory/modeling, and the current understanding related to electronic and ionic transport in ceramic materials. One of the major conclusions was that a better understanding of charge transport and reaction mechanisms at and along interfaces and boundaries is a critical research need. The highlights of the workshop are reviewed and recommendations are made for future research.
Adhesion Enhancement Between Electroless Copper and Epoxy-based Dielectrics

The adhesion between electrolessly deposited copper and an epoxy-containing dielectric material has been investigated. In particular, the role of mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding in these systems has been examined. The contribution of each of these mechanisms to adhesion has been identified. Probelec, a phenolic-novolac epoxy polymer, and Avatrel, an addition polymerized norbornene polymer with an epoxy side-group, have been tested in this study. Traditional swell and etch treatments have been used to enhance mechanical anchoring through pore-type roughness development on the phenol-novolac epoxy, but were found to be ineffective in roughening the Avatrel surface. The critical difference between the two polymers is the epoxy-backbone (for the phenolic epoxy) versus the epoxy side-group (for the norbornene backbone polymer). In order to create roughness on the Avatrel surface, a novel technique utilizing a blend of Avatrel and Probelec was investigated. This technique created pore-type roughness and enhanced mechanical anchoring on the Avatrel surface. NH3 plasma treatments were utilized to enhance the chemical bonding contribution to adhesion and produce surfaces with peel strengths of 0.15-0.25 N/mm with minimal roughness generation. Finally, a combined wet-chemical and plasma treatment protocol was investigated to enhance chemical bonding and mechanical anchoring on the same surface. Samples with adhesion greater than 0.5 N/mm with roughness less than 50 nm were produced with both Avatrel and Probelec. Through the use of a combined wet-chemical and plasma-surface treatment the polymer surface has been optimized for adhesion while minimizing roughness.
Stabilization of speckle-type POZ protein (Spop) by Daz Interacting Protein 1 (Dzip1) is essential for Gli turnover and the proper output of Hedgehog signaling

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The Gli/Cubitus interruptus (Ci) family of transcription factors acts at the downstream end of the pathway to mediate Hh signaling. Both Hh-dependent and -independent Gli regulatory mechanisms are important for the output of Hh signaling. Daz interacting protein 1 (Dzip1) has bipartite positive and negative functions in the Hh pathway. The positive Hh regulatory function appears to be attributed to a requirement for Dzip1 during ciliogenesis. The mechanism by which Dzip1 inhibits Hh signaling, however, remains largely unclear. We recently found that Dzip1 is required for Gli turnover, which may account for its inhibitory function in Hh signaling. Here, we report that Dzip1 regulates Gli/Ci turnover by preventing degradation of speckle-type POZ protein (Spop), a protein that promotes proteasome-dependent turnover of Gli proteins. We provide evidence that Dzip1 regulates the stability of Spop independent of its function in ciliogenesis. Partial knockdown of Dzip1 to levels insufficient for perturbing ciliogenesis, sensitized Xenopus embryos to Hh signaling, leading to phenotypes that resemble activation of Hh signaling. Importantly, overexpression of Spop was able to restore proper Gli protein turnover and rescue phenotypes in Dzip1-depleted embryos. Consistently, depletion of Dzip1 in Drosophila S2 cells destabilized Hh-induced BTB protein (HIB), the Drosophila homolog of Spop, and increased the level of Ci. Thus, Dzip1-dependent stabilization of Spop/HIB is evolutionarily conserved and essential for proper regulation of Gli/Ci proteins in the Hh pathway. Background: Although Dzip1 positively influences Hedgehog signaling by regulating ciliogenesis, it inhibits the Hedgehog pathway through an unclear mechanism. Results: Dzip1 knockdown destabilizes Spop E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to increased Gli transcription factor levels and phenotypes resembling Hedgehog signaling activation. Conclusion: Dzip1 inhibits Hedgehog signaling through stabilizing Spop. Significance: We uncover a novel Gli regulatory mechanism.
Use of government publications in an academic setting

Abstract This study investigates the extent and nature of Use of the government documents collection at Rutgers University's main library for research in the social sciences and humanities. Because most academic libraries find that their documents collections are not fully utilized, this study investigates how to improve bibliographic access, whether to institute a more comprehensive bibliographic instruction program in government information, which sections of documents might be withdrawn or retired to storage, and which sections merit increased or decreased selection activity. A questionnaire was distributed to 575 users to explore the extent of their use of federal, state, municipal, international, and foreign documents, as well as usage of various bibliographic tools to gain access to them. After student respondents named 118 faculty members who had given assignments motivating them to use the documents collection, a sample of these professors was selected to be interviewed. It was found that bibliographic instruction in the classroom significantly affected access to documents and use of microform collections. Users expressed a need for improved bibliographic access, particularly by subject and title. Although the majority of users wanted recently issued federal documents, faculty members and graduate students tended to have more varied research needs.
Short range and long range schematic interactions, their implications for giant resonances, polarization charges and other properties of nuclei☆

Abstract Various schematic interactions, both short and long range are employed in conjunction with sum rules to help form a link between microscopic and macroscopic aspects of nuclear structure. Topics included are giant resonances and polarization charges.
Local Government Borrowing and Repayment in Indonesia: Does Fiscal Capacity Matter?

Abstract Most regional government borrowing in Indonesia has been conducted via central government mechanisms. While the terms and conditions of central lending have been highly favorable to regional borrowers, repayment of debt has been very poor. The empirical evidence suggests that local governments have borrowed well within their fiscal capacities to repay and that repayment problems are largely a function of unwillingness to repay debts and of central government acquiescence. Regional borrowing must significantly increase in the years ahead in order to meet growing demand for infrastructure services and lending to regions will have to become more market-based. Reducing systemic credit risk and improving the creditworthiness of regional borrowers are prerequisites to increased and sustained market-based lending.
Feedback calibration of the MOFF correlator

Summary form only given. Proposed radio arrays to probe the Epoch of Reionization and dark energy through HI 21 cm measurements will require compact arrays with tens of thousands of antenna elements. The computation requirements of traditional XF or FX correlators for these arrays would easily reach the peta-flop regime, making the correlator a dominant cost. The MOFF (Modular Optimal Frequency Fourier) correlator has been developed as an alternative method for fully correlating these large numbers of elements. The MOFF shares the computational advantages of direct imaging or FFT correlators while making no constraints on the antenna arrangement or type. A major concern for this new correlator design is the calibration. In traditional data processing, self-cal or related algorithms use visibilities to determine the calibration during postprocessing. The MOFF correlator does not form visibilities, but rather forms the image directly. In addition the crucial software holography step of the MOFF requires the antenna power patterns to be known in real time to use as the gridding kernel. Fortunately it is possible to determine the calibration by correlating pixels of the electric field image with the antenna signal - feeding the correlator output back to the input. Through simulations we demonstrate this feedback calibration method for several realistic example arrays in the presence of noise and extraneous sources. We show that the calibration converges as expected for compact large-N arrays characteristic of future 21 cm cosmology experiments, allowing the correlator to form high quality dirty electric field images at a fraction of the computational cost for traditional correlator methods.
A longitudinal study of skeletal muscle following spinal cord injury and locomotor training

Experimental rat model of spinal cord contusion injury (contusion SCI). The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the longitudinal changes in rat lower hindlimb muscle morphology following contusion SCI by using magnetic resonance imaging and (2) to determine the therapeutic potential of two types of locomotor training, treadmill and cycling. University research setting. After moderate midthoracic contusion SCI, Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to either treadmill training, cycle training or an untrained group. Lower hindlimb muscle size was examined prior to SCI and at 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-week post injury. Following contusion SCI, we observed significant atrophy in all rat hindlimb muscles with the posterior muscles (triceps surae and flexor digitorum) showing greater atrophy than the anterior muscles (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum). The greatest amount of atrophy was measured at 2-week post injury (range from 11 to 26%), and spontaneous recovery in muscle size was observed by 4 weeks post-SCI. Both cycling and treadmill training halted the atrophic process and accelerated the rate of recovery. The therapeutic influence of both training interventions was observed within 1 week of training and no significant difference was noted between the two interventions, except in the tibialis anterior muscle. Finally, a positive correlation was found between locomotor functional scores and hindlimb muscle size following SCI. Both treadmill and cycle training diminish the extent of atrophy and facilitate muscle plasticity after contusion SCI.
A Novel Automotive Steering Linkage

This brief outlines results of a numerical study involving a novel mechanism called the Fahey eight-member mechanism (FEMM), that has application to automotive steering. This mechanism is considered in terms of a planar kinematics steering model. We derive the governing kinematics and compare results between a synthesized FEMM and two synthesized Ackermann-type steering linkages. Results suggest that FEMM better approximates ideal steering geometry, and could allow an extended range of motion for moderate speed operations.
Personal Distribution of Farmers' Income by Source and Region

PER capita money income of farmers is a very inadequate measure of either the productivity or welfare of farm people. One reason for its inadequacy is the highly skewed distribution of farmers' income. Thus, in the first part of this paper, we will compare the distribution of farm and nonfarm money income and indicate the substantial differences that exist. A second reason for the inadequacy of per capita money income is that an important share of farm income accrues in the form of nonmoney income and the appreciation of land values. The second part of this paper, therefore, will be devoted to a more thorough examination of the distribution of the various sources of farm income.
Species-dependent Mortality in a Parasite Guild and Its Relevance to Biological Control

Rhopalamyia califarnica Felt is an endemic cecidomyiid midge which develops within terminal galls on Baccharis pilularis DC in California. Individual galls normally contain more than one larva and can thus be viewed as discrete host patches in space and time. At the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, the number of midge larvae per gall varied from 1 to 40 and individual galls were exploited by as many as five species of parasites. Total percentage of parasitization per gall was relatively constant, regardless of the number of host larvae per gall. Instead of being density-dependent, total mortality was species dependent–the proportion of hosts parasitized per gall was directly related to the number of species of parasites reared from the gall. However, the total proportion of hosts parasitized in the samples was relatively low (37.5%) because most galls contained either zero or one species of parasite. Less than 1% contained five species and less than 5% contained four species. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that this guild is structured so as to reduce the incidence of interspecific competition among the parasites, and it raises the possibility that the structure of a parasite guild may not necessarily be compatible with the goals of biological control. I suggested that parasite guilds such as this one might be “restructured” so as to actually increase their efficiency in maintaining pest populations at relatively low levels. Additional aspects of restructuring parasite guilds are discussed.
Importance of Juniper to Birds Nesting in Piñon—Juniper Woodlands in Northwest New Mexico

ABSTRACT Pinon—juniper (Pinus spp.—Juniperus spp.) woodlands are common throughout western North America, yet relatively little is known about the habitat use and requirements for many members of its avian community. During summer 2005–2007, we assessed avian nesting substrates within pinon (Pinus edulis)— juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands in northwestern New Mexico. Of all nests in live trees, 86% were in junipers. The selection of juniper as a nest tree was significantly higher than expected from the region's pinon—juniper ratio (1:1.06) for the community as a whole, for both open cup and cavity nesting species, and for 8 species (of which 6 are pinon—juniper obligate or seminobligate species). Nest survival, however, was not higher in juniper than in pinon for the nesting community as a whole or for chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), the single species that was well represented nesting in pinon. The high use of juniper as a nesting substrate differs from previous studies, which have sugges...
The metabolism of dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine (CR): In vivo hydroxylation of 10,11-dihydrodibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepin-11-(1OH)-one and the NIH shift

Studies of the in vivo metabolism of 10,11-dihydrodibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepin-11-(1OH)-one (2) specifically deuteriated at C-7 implicate an arene oxide intermediate during the conversion to 7-hydroxy-2 (4) as evidenced by the observation of the NIH shift.
Benchmarking learning outcomes of undergraduate business education

This paper discusses the efficacy of a model of benchmarking toward best practices in learning assessment in higher education. It outlines the need for best practices in learning assessment and reports findings on a comprehensive model of assessing learning outcomes of an undergraduate business program. By developing competency expectations of students, the model led to a multi‐method data collection/analysis toward benchmarking learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate how benchmarking leads to continuous curriculum improvement of instructional process and the curriculum. The authors claimed that in the absence of a generally accepted model, if the methodology is replicated, it may lead to the best practices in assessing learning outcomes of an undergraduate business program.
Need versus salvage: a healthcare professional's perspective.

Gross (2008) advocates a sharper distinction between healthcare that focuses on needs versus military readiness, and this introduces potential problems. Restricting soldiers' healthcare options on ...
Age as a factor in the decision to refer patients with chronic kidney disease for vascular access creation.

Age as a factor in the decision to refer patients with chronic kidney disease for vascular access creation
Insertion of Dioxygen into a Platinum(II)−Methyl Bond To Form a Platinum(II) Methylperoxo Complex

The platinum(II) complex (PN)PtMe2 (1; PN = 2-((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine) reacts with molecular oxygen in benzene or methylene chloride solutions to form (PN)PtMe(OOMe) (2), a platinu...
Mouse TonEBP-NFAT5: expression in early development and alternative splicing.

Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP)- nuclear factor of activated T cell family 5 is a DNA binding protein that plays a key role in the response of cells to hypertonicity. However,...
A novel process and material for the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gas mixtures

Abstract Carbon fiber composite molecular sieve (CFCMS) synthesis and characterization of the macro-, meso- and micropore structure are reported. CFCMS physical properties, including strength, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity, are reported and the thermal conductivity of CFCMS compared with literature data for granular activated carbon (GAC) and packed beds of GAC. Adsorption studies, including isotherms for CO2 and CH4 at temperatures of 30, 60 and 100 °C on CFCMS samples activated to different burn-offs, are reported. High pressure adsorption data for CO2 and CH4 show that the CFCMS material has sufficient selectivity for CO2 over CH4 for a commercial separation. Breakthrough experiments were conducted for CO2/CH4 and H2S/H2 gas mixtures and the selective separation of CO2 and H2S was demonstrated. The electrical conductivity of our novel monolith was exploited to effect the rapid desorption of adsorbed gases. Desorption at low applied voltage was accompanied by a heating of the CFCMS to temperatures
Crystallography and equilibrium solubility for ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites

The composition and solubility properties of eight ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites were determined to evaluate the potential of these classes of materials for increasing the plant nutrient content of liquid fertilizers. Phase relationships for the systems (NH4)2O-P2O3-H2O, K2O-P2O3-H2O, (NH4)2O-P2O-H2O, and K2O-P2O-H2O were determined along with the crystallographic properties (X-ray and optical) of the solid phases. Toxicity and phosphite response was tested in greenhouse experiments for the compounds.
Uranium Localization on Hydroxyapatite by Analysis of Fission Fragment Tracks

The distribution of enriched uranium on individual hydroxyapatite crystals after an exchange reaction has been investigated by means of thermal neutron irradiation followed by electron microscopic analysis of fission fragment tracks in plastic support films. One uranyl ion for every two to three surface calcium ions became associated with the mineral but in a nonuniform distribution that strongly favors crystal end regions.
Avoiding self: two Tn7-encoded proteins mediate target immunity in Tn7 transposition

The bacterial transposon Tn7 exhibits target immunity, a process that prevents Tn7 from transposing into target DNAs that already contain a copy of the transposon. This work investigates the mechanism of target immunity in vitro. We demonstrate that two Tn7-encoded proteins_TnsB, which binds specifically to the ends of Tn7, and TnsC, the ATP-dependent DNA binding protein_act as a molecular switch to impose immunity on target DNAs containing Tn7 (or just Tn7 ends). TnsC binds to target DNA molecules and communicates with the Tn7 transposition machinery; here we show that target DNAs containing Tn7 ends are also bound and subsequently inactivated by TnsB. Protein-protein interactions between TnsB and TnsC appear to be responsible for this inactivation; the target DNA promotes these interactions by tethering TnsB and TnsC in high local concentration. An attractive model that emerges from this work is that TnsB triggers the dissociation of TnsC from the Tn7 end-containing target DNA; that dissociation depends on TnsC's ability to hydrolyze ATP. We propose that these interactions between TnsB and TnsC not only prevent Tn7 from inserting into itself, but also facilitate the selection of preferred target sites that is the hallmark of Tn7 transposition.
Deep-sea deposition of barium, cobalt and silver

Abstract The accumulation rates of barium, cobalt and silver have been determined in a Mid-Atlantic Ridge core from the South Atlantic (Lamont core V16–36) in which clay accumulation rate is about 0·1 g/cm 2 /1000 yr and the concentrations of cobalt and barium were previously shown to be the highest in the Atlantic (on a carbonate-free basis). Comparison of accumulation rates with supply rates of these elements by streams as dissolved, desorbable and detrital loads indicate that continental supply is adequate to account for the observed accumulation rates in V16–36 and by deduction for the Atlantic as a whole. Trace element concentration patterns in the Atlantic Ocean are thus explainable on the basis of continental supply alone while not ruling out minor contributions from other sources.
Initial experience with the modified vaginal wall sling in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

From March 1995 to March 1996 24 women aged 29–73 years with stress urinary incontinence underwent a modified vaginal wall sling procedure following videourodynamic evaluation. Of these 24, 2 had stress urinary loss due to urethral hypermobility (UH), 3 had intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) and 19 had both UH and ISD. Thirteen (54%) had preoperative urge incontinence, 13 (54%) had associated pelvic floor weakness, including cystocele, and 12 (50%) had had previous pelvic surgery and bladder neck suspension. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for a mean follow-up of 14 months (range 9–21 months). Stress urinary incontinence was resolved in all patients (100%). Of the patients with preoperative urge symptoms, 58% reported resolution but in 42% the urge symptoms remained unresolved. One new patient developed urge and occasional urge incontinence. Out of 22 patients 20 (90.9%) are totally continent; 2 (9.1%) are incontinent and both have documented detrusor instability and occasionally wear pads. The vaginal wall sling is an ideal procedure for the treatment of the various forms of stress urinary incontinence in women. In our series the early results indicate excellent patient acceptability and continence. Long-term follow-up will determine the durability of the procedure.
Vertebrate craniofacial development: the relation between ontogenetic process and morphological outcome.

Many structures that are present, often transiently, in the head of extant vertebrate embryos appear to be segmentally organized. These include the brain, particularly the hindbrain (e.g., rhombomeres), and adjacent axial structures such as paraxial mesoderm (e.g., somites, somitomeres) and neural crest cells. Also present in the head are additional sets of serially arranged structures that develop in more ventral and lateral locations. Examples of these are epibranchial placodes, aortic arches, and pharyngeal pouches. All these embryonic structures are frequently used both individually and collectively as characters to assist in defining homologies. New cell labeling and identification methods are providing detailed accounts of cell movements and tissue lineages that reveal a range of disparate behaviors not previously appreciated. The well-known migrations of neural crest cells bring all but the neurogenic members of this mesenchymal population form dorsal, axial locations into ventral and rostral locations where they largely surround the pharynx, stomdeum, and prosencephalon. Equally dramatic movements of neural plate cells, myoblasts, angioblasts, and placode-derived cells have recently been documented. These movements may occur in concert with those of other nearby tissues (e.g., branchiomeric myoblasts, neural crest cells, and surface ectoderm) or may be independent (e.g., placodal neuroblasts). Migrating cells may be clustered and follow definable pathways towards their destination (e.g., neural crest cells), or they may be solitary and wander invasively without a prespecified destination (e.g., angioblasts). These extensive morphogenetic movements bring cells into contact with a greater variety of other tissues and matrix environments than has heretofore been recognized. Moreover, because of these rearrangements, the cells present in a particular location, such as a branchial arch, may trace their ancestry to many axial levels, which complicates the analyses of segmental relations. Comparative morphological studies of craniofacial development have recently been augmented by descriptions of the sites and times of expression of many matrix components, growth factors and their receptors, and regulatory genes. Particularly important has been the discovery of a network of genes called the homeobox family. These genes are similar in their sequence and their organization along a chromosome to genes that establish the spatial identity of prospective body parts in drosophila. The combination of cellular and molecular descriptive studies of vertebrate craniofacial development provide exciting opportunities to catalogue patterns of gene expression and morphogenesis during the gastrula, neurula, and early organogenesis stages. Moreover, such data form the basis for proposing and then testing hypotheses about the mechanisms controlling cell movements, tissue formation, and the assembly of functionally integrated sets of structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Deception detection, transmission, and modality in age and sex

This study is the first to create and use spontaneous (i.e. unrehearsed) pro-social lies in an ecological setting. Creation of the stimuli involved fifty-one older adult and forty-four college student “senders” who lied “authentically” in that their lies were spontaneous in the service of protecting a research assistant. In the main study, seventy-seven older adult and eighty-four college raters attempted to detect lies in the older adult and college senders in three modalities: audio, visual, and audiovisual. Raters of both age groups were best at detecting lies in the audiovisual and worst in the visual modalities. Overall, college students were better detectors than older adults. There was an age-matching effect for college students but not for older adults. Older adult males were the hardest to detect. The older the adult was the worse the ability to detect deception.
The Role of Plasmalogen in the Oxidative Stability of Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids

The role of ethanolamine plasmalogen extracted from bovine brain (BBEP) in maintaining oxidative stability of bulk soybean oil and liposome made with egg phospholipids (PL) was studied. In a purified soybean oil (PSO), the addition of 200 and 1000 ppm of BBEP promoted lipid oxidation at rates of 0.037 and 0.071 (all rates in ln (PV) h(-1), and PV stands for peroxide value), whereas soy lecithin (SL) added in the same amount showed a trend similar to the PSO blank, which had an oxidation rate of 0.025. The PSO with BBEP was susceptible to cupric ion catalyzed oxidation, in that the oil was oxidized much more quickly than the PSO with SL and cupric ion. In commercial soybean oil (CSO) with the presence of tocopherols, SL at 1000 ppm acted synergistically as an antioxidant with the natural tocopherols, but addition of BBEP accelerated lipid oxidation, as evidenced by the oxidative stability index (OSI) test. In the egg PL liposome, the BBEP caused a fast breakdown of the lipid hydroperoxides and consequently promoted more thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation. The PL oxidation in the presence of copper in the liposome was not affected by the BBEP, which indicates that the hypothesis of ethanolamine plasmalogen (EthPm) chelating cupric ion as the antioxidation mechanism was not supported. The addition of cumene hydroperoxide to the egg PL liposome promoted lipid oxidation, as indicated by a fast development of PV and TBARS. However, the result with cumene hydroperoxide failed to differentiate the effect of BBEP and SL and their concentration on lipid oxidation. On the basis of the observations from this study, we conclude that EthPm is not an antioxidant but rather a pro-oxidant in a bulk lipid system, and it has no significant antioxidant effect for PL oxidation in the liposome.
Helix–coil transitions in a simple polypeptide model

A simplified model of a polypeptide chain is described. Each residue is represented by a single interaction center. The energy of the chain and the force acting on each residue are given as a function of the residue coordinates. Terms to approximate the effect of solvent and the stabilization energy of helix formation are included. The model is used to study equilibrium and dynamical aspects of the helix–coil transition. The equilibrium properties examined include helix–coil equilibrium constants and their dependence on chain position. Dynamical properties are examined by a stochastic simulation of the Brownian motion of the chain in its solvent surroundings. Correlations in the motions of the residues are found to have an important influence on the helix–coil transition rates.
Spatial orienting of attention simultaneously cued by automatic social and nonsocial cues

The appearance of a stimulus in the periphery and the direction of another person’s eye gaze have both been shown to automatically orient attention toward the stimulus and the gazed-at location, respectively. In the present experiment, we examined the effects of viewing both a peripheral stimulus and an eye gaze stimulus simultaneously in order to determine whether one is “more automatic” (i.e., faster, dominates) than the other and whether the two processes interact. Using a spatial cueing paradigm, we measured latency of localization of a target stimulus that was validly or invalidly cued by an uninformative (i.e., nonpredictive) peripheral cue, an uninformative eye gaze cue, or both simultaneously (double cue). We included a short and a long cue-target interval in order to investigate the early and late facilitatory and inhibitory effects of the two processes. Results demonstrated that when the double cues were consistent with each other (indicating the same target location), the effects, both early and late, were the same as when the peripheral cue was presented alone. When the double cues were inconsistent (indicating opposite target locations), the late effect was the same as the peripheral cue, but the early effect was intermediate between the two types of cues. Our results better support an interactive, rather than an additive relationship between social and nonsocial automatic orienting. The double cue conditions that showed similar effects to the peripheral cues suggest that the peripheral cue dominates.
A shell model approach to the calculation of effective charges

Abstract A microscopic core-particle coupling model is used to calculate E2 effective charges in mass-15 and mass-17, N = Z ± 1 nuclei. These charge values are compared with the corresponding ones derived from a perturbation theory approach. The close agreement in the effective charges calculated in these two approaches is due to cancellation of effects in the core-particle coupling model which are neglected in perturbation theory.
Acceptability of orbital prostheses

This study was made to determine if those patients apparently dissatisfied with an orbital prosthesis might accept an eye patch more readily. The study included 27 patients who were seen during the past 8 years. A total of 60 orbital and eye patch proshteses were prepared for the patients. Eighteen patients responded to the questionnaire. Twelve of these patients are presently wearing their prostheses, and five of them are not. Reasons given by the patients for not using their prostheses were discomfort, lack of retention, skin irritation due to daily application and removal of the adhesive, change in defect, ill-fitting prostheses, and surgical reconstruction of the site. The study shows that given a choice, 67% of the patients would prefer the orbital prosthesis. Seventy-five percent of the patients who had an eye patch would prefer an orbital prosthesis.