cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Leu to Ile but not Leu to Val change at HIV-1 reverse transcriptase codon 74 in the background of K65R mutation leads to an increased processivity of K65R+L74I enzyme and a replication competent virus.

Background The major hurdle in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) includes the development of drug resistance-associated mutations in the target regions of the virus. Since reverse transcriptase (RT) is essential for HIV-1 replication, several nucleoside analogues have been developed to target RT of the virus. Clinical studies have shown that mutations at RT codon 65 and 74 which are located in β3-β4 linkage group of finger sub-domain of RT are selected during treatment with several RT inhibitors, including didanosine, deoxycytidine, abacavir and tenofovir. Interestingly, the co-selection of K65R and L74V is rare in clinical settings. We have previously shown that K65R and L74V are incompatible and a R→K reversion occurs at codon 65 during replication of the virus. Analysis of the HIV resistance database has revealed that similar to K65R+L74V, the double mutant K65R+L74I is also rare. We sought to compare the impact of L→V versus L→I change at codon 74 in the background of K65R mutation, on the replication of doubly mutant viruses.
Studies with N-methyl emetine☆

Abstract N -methyl Emetine, like the parent compound, emetine, has different effects on liver microsomal protein-synthesizing activity in the rat depending on whether experiments with this compound are performed in vivo or in vitro . Thus, the pretreatment of animals with N -methyl emetine in vivo at a dose level of 144 μmoles/kg stimulates the incorporation of labeled amino acid into protein in vitro by liver microsomal preparations from 24-hr pretreated rats. However, at the same dosage level, N -methyl emetine pretreatment for 2 hr inhibits the uptake of labeled amino acid into hepatic protein in vivo . In a third type of experiment, the addition of N -methyl emetine directly to a rat liver microsomal incubation system in vitro can completely inhibit the incorporation of l -( 14 C)-phenylalanine into protein. These effects obtained with N -methyl emetine are less pronounced than corresponding effects observed with emetine. N -methyl Emetine is not ordinarily metabolized to emetine by N -demethylation in a rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing system in vitro . However, liver microsomal preparations from phenobarbital-pretreated rats are capable of metabolizing N -methyl emetine by N -demethylation in vitro . Microsomal preparations from rats pretreated with N -methyl emetine at 144 μmole/ kg for 24 hr have a lower capacity for metabolizing drugs in vitro than do the controls. In corresponding experiments with the parent compound, greater inhibition of the drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro occurs at a much lower pretreatment level with emetine. Substitution of emetine by alkylation of the secondary amine at position N -2′ therefore tends to diminish biological activity with respect to effects observable in liver microsomal preparations of the rat.
ARSENIC PHYTOEXTRACTION AND HYPERACCUMULATION BY FERN SPECIES

Arsenic (As) is an ubiquitous trace metalloid found in all environmental media. Its presence at elevated concentrations in soils derives from both anthropogenic and natural inputs. Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic element, which has caused severe environmental and health problem worldwide. Technologies currently available for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated sites are expensive, environmentally disruptive, and potentially hazardous to workers. Phytoextraction, a strategy of phytoremediation, uses plants to clean up contaminated soils and has been successfully applied to arsenic contaminated soils. It has the advantage of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. A major step towards the development of phytoextraction of arsenic-impacted soils is the discovery of the arsenic hyper accumulation in ferns, first in Pteris vittata, which presented an extraordinary capacity to accumulate 2.3% arsenic in its biomass. Another fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to exhibit the same hyperaccumulating characteristics. After that, screening experiments have revealed that the Pteris genus is really unique in that many species have the potential to be used in phytoextraction of arsenic. In general, these plants seem to have both constitutive and adaptive mechanisms for accumulating or tolerating high arsenic concentration. In the past few years, much work has been done to understand and improve the hyperaccumulating capability of these amazing plants. In particular, the field of molecular biology seems to hold the key for the future of the phytoremediation.
Covariates of Private Time Preference: A Pilot Study Among the Tsimane' Indians of the Bolivian Rain Forest

Abstract A pilot study with 257 adult (16+ years) Tsimane' Indians, a group of horticulturalists and foragers, in the Bolivian rain forest was done to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic and demographic covariates of time preference. Subjects were asked to make a choice between receiving one candy now or two candies at the end of an interview that lasted 1.5 to 2 h. Results of a multivariate probit regression suggest that education was associated with greater desire for immediate gratification and illness was associated with greater likelihood of willingness to wait. Age, sex, nutritional status, income, and wealth played a weak role in willingness to delay gratification.
Individualizing Nutritional Care With Between-Meal Snacks for Nursing Home Residents

Undernutrition and dehydration are common problems among nursing home residents. Federal guidelines specify that a resident is potentially at risk for undernutrition if he or she consistently eats less than 75% of the food offered during meals. Using this criterion, multiple studies have shown that 64–80% of nursing home residents are at potential risk for undernutrition. Other studies have shown that fluid intake among residents is also well below the recommended daily requirement of 1500–2500 mL/d, and inadequate fluid intake is significantly associated with inadequate food intake. Undernutrition and dehydration are associated with unintentional weight loss and can lead to a host of other problems for older adults, including delayed wound healing, immune dysfunction, and increased rates of hospitalization and death. The many causes of weight loss, undernutrition, and dehydration in the frail elderly—depression, dementia, and reduced taste sensation, to name a few—suggest many possible solutions to these problems. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the amount and quality of feeding assistance provided to residents is one of the most powerful determinants of their daily food and fluid intake. Thus, it makes sense to direct weight loss prevention efforts toward improving feeding assistance. New regulations that permit single-task feeding assistants to work in nursing homes and a new publicly reported quality measure that monitors the percentage of residents with a recent, significant weight loss provide an impetus for nursing homes to focus attention on improving mealtime feeding assistance. Such attention is warranted: multiple studies have documented widespread problems with mealtime feeding assistance, including staff failure to identify residents with poor oral intake, social isolation of residents during mealtimes, and inadequate staff to provide feeding assistance. At the same time, however, recent research suggests that feeding assistance between meals can be just as important for some residents as the feeding assistance provided during meals. This article examines the importance of individualizing nutritional care for residents at risk of weight loss, with a special emphasis on enhancing between-meal snack programs as one alternative for increasing dietary intake.
Electron cloud effects in present and future high intensity hadron machines

Electron cloud effects have manifested in several Hadron Machines. The author lists basic machine parameters of past and present hadron machines where electron clouds have influenced operations. This instability has also been seen in the AGS Booster but under extreme conditions. The author also lists high intensity proton machines that are under construction. The goal of the present work is to take what is known about electron cloud problems in current machines, mainly the LANL PSR, and attempt to extrapolate to the new machines.
Lifespan and patterns of accumulation and mobilization of nutrients in the sugar‐fed phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis

. The effect of sugar feeding on the survival of adult phorid fly Pseudacteon tricuspis is investigated. Flies fed 25% sucrose in aqueous solution continuously throughout their lifespan have greater longevity (mean ± SE longevity: female = 7.9 ± 0.8 days, male = 8.9 ± 0.9 days) than completely starved (provided no water and no sugar solution) flies, sugar-starved (provided water only) flies, or flies fed sugar solution only on their first day of adult life. Completely starved flies rarely lived beyond one day. Provision of water increases longevity by 2 days, and one full day of sugar feeding further increases longevity by an additional 1–2 days. Flies fed 50% sucrose have similar survivorship as those fed 25% sucrose. The temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation and utilization are also compared in P. tricuspis fed different diets: sugar-starved, sucrose-fed on the first day of adult life only, and sucrose-fed continuously. Adult P. tricuspis emerge with no gut sugars, and only minimal amounts of body sugars and glycogen. Although the levels of body sugars and glycogen decline gradually in sugar-starved flies, a single day of sugar feeding results in the accumulation of maximum amounts of gut sugars, body sugars and glycogen. High levels of these nutrients are maintained in female and male phorid flies fed on sucrose continuously over the observation period, whereas nutrient levels decline in flies fed only on the first day of life, beginning 1 day postfeeding. Female and male P. tricuspis emerge with an estimated 12.3 ± 2.3 and 7.2 ± 1 g of lipid reserves per fly, respectively. These teneral amounts represent the highest lipid levels detected in adult flies, irrespective of their diet, and are maintained over the life times of sucrose-fed female and male flies, but declined steadily in sugar-starved females. These data suggest that adult P. tricuspis are capable of converting dietary sucrose to body sugars and glycogen, but not lipids.
Parasitic bipolar gain in fully depleted n-channel SOI MOSFET's

Fully depleted SOI MOSFET's include an inherent parasitic lateral bipolar structure with a floating base. We present here the first complete physically based explanation of the bipolar gain mechanism, and its dependence on bias and technological parameters. A simple, one-dimensional physical model, with no fitting parameters, is constructed, and is shown to agree well with simulations and measurements performed on a new type of SOI MOSFET structure. It is shown that parameters which affect the gain, such as SOI layer thickness, body doping concentration and gate and drain voltages, do so primarily by affecting the concentration of holes in the body region. Thus, current gain falls dramatically with increasing drain voltage due to the associated impact ionization driven increase in the hole concentration. Gummel plots of this parasitic bipolar indicate an apparent ideality factor of 0.5 for the hole current, due to the body hole concentration's dependence on drain voltage. >
Hayland conversion to wheat production in semiarid eastern Montana: tillage, yield and hay production comparisons

Abstract When converting grass- and haylands to cultivated crop production, care must be taken to conserve and maintain soil resources while considering economic issues. Methods of breaking sod can have a bearing on erosivity, physical and chemical properties of soils, and cost of production. Our objective was to compare three methods of converting crested wheatgrass [ Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.] hayland to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production vs. leaving the land for hay production. We initiated a study in 1990 on Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) near Froid in semiarid eastern Montana, USA. Plots, replicated three times, were 12- by 30-m oriented east to west on a north-facing slope. We converted sod to cultivated crop production by: (1) moldboard plow, (2) toolbar with sweeps, (3) herbicides (no-till). Plots were fallowed until spring 1991 and then seeded to spring wheat each of the next four years. All wheat plots were fertilized with 224 kg ha −1 of 18-46-0 in 1991 and 1992, and 34 kg ha −1 nitrogen as 34-0-0 in 1993 and 1994. Grass was either fertilized same as wheat or not fertilized. Wheat yields averaged 2540 kg ha −1 on tilled treatments and 2674 kg ha −1 on no-till. Fertilized grass consistently out-yielded unfertilized, and averaged 3.2 Mg ha −1 vs. 1.8 Mg ha −1 . Toolbar with sweeps had highest economic return of US$169.48 ha −1 to pay for land, labor, and management. Moldboard plow had US$162.05 ha −1 . Because of herbicide costs, no-till only returned US$148.64 ha −1 . Unfertilized grass hay returned US$67.68 ha −1 and fertilized grass hay, US$97.95 ha −1 . Results may be tempered because our wheat yields were high: a 2016 kg ha −1 wheat yield would have returned the same as fertilized grass. Before converting grass- and hay-lands to small grains production, consideration must be given to such variables as sod conversion methods, management practices, labor requirements, market conditions, total precipitation and its temporal distribution, soil conditions, growth environment, soil conservation, and economics.
Monolithic Circuits for Radio Receivers

This paper describes an AM Broadcast Receiver utilizing two monolithic bi-polar chips containing all the active and many of the passive devices. Design goals such as minimizing the external components and meeting the performance requirements of a complete line of AM radio receivers, from personal portable through table model, have been achieved by using many devices and the characteristics inherent in monolithic circuits. The integrated circuit chips, containing 28 transistors and 53 resistors, are capable of 142 dB gain and 250 mW of audio output. Circuitry to provide good overload performance, lumped I.F. selectivity, d.c. coupled audio with push-pull output, and options for tuned R.F. and Class A drive for larger power output are discussed.
The role of disinfectant resistance of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in recurring infections in Pennsylvania egg quality assurance program monitored flocks.

SUMMARY. The Pennsylvania egg quality assurance program (PEQAP) has made major gains in the reduction of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (S. enteritidis). However, S. enteritidis continues to be a major food safety concern for the commercial egg laying industry. Despite intensive control efforts through PEQAP, some commercial egg layer houses still remain positive for S. enteritidis. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether S. enteritidis isolates obtained from historically environmentally S. enteritidis–positive houses were resistant to commonly used disinfectants. Archived S. enteritidis isolates (environmental, rodent, or egg) were compared with recently obtained isolates from the environment, rodents, or eggs from the same S. enteritidis–positive house. In addition, the isolates were compared with archived isolates from those premises that appeared to have eliminated S. enteritidis from their layer facilities. The official methods of the use–dilution analysis of the Associ...
Effects of taurine in precision-cut liver slices exposed to the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) comprise a major group of toxins derived from plants. They are botanically and geographically widespread and cause many public health and economic problems5. PAs cause hepatomegaly, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, and cirrhosis7. The toxicity of PAs can also be expressed in other organ systems, including the heart, lung, and central nervous system.
Studies on urinary excretion of vitamin B12CO60 in pernicious anemia for determining effective dosage of intrinsic factor concentrates.

Studies were made in pernicious anemia patients on the urinary excretion of B12Co60 after a small oral dose followed by a large parenteral injection of nonradioactive vitamin B12. (1) Increasing doses of intrinsic factor concentrates give increasing excretions of radioactivity at low doses; little additional increase at moderate doses; and at times a subsequent diminution at excessive doses. Data on 34 tests of a particular intrinsic factor concentrate in 18 pernicious anemia patients tend to support an excretion proportional to the logarithm of intrinsic factor dosage at low to moderate levels, but do not exclude the possibility of a linear approach to a plateau. (2) Assay by hematologic response was compared with the urinary excretion tests in 13 pernicious anemia patients. This data shows a relation between the two tests though the correlation is far from complete. (3) Methods are outlined for testing all intrinsic factor preparations with the same amount of tracer vitamin B12 as will be incorporated commercially. More sensitive comparative tests of similar intrinsic factor preparations may be made using smaller amounts of B12Co60. (4) The literature is reviewed to determine which variations in technic might lead to the most reliable quantitation of intrinsic factor activity.
A Content Analysis of Patient-Reported Medication Outcomes on Social Media

The small number of patients enrolled in clinical trials to test new drugs and the relatively short trial durations make it paramount to monitor drugs' effectiveness and risks after they are approved by the regulatory agency. A thorough evaluation of a drug's effectiveness, side effects, and social and economic influences can prevent serious health damage to the public and shed light on new drug discovery and development. Past research has examined spontaneous reporting systems and electronic health records systems as data sources to study medication outcomes. However, both data sources are not able to provide complete and unbiased pictures of patients' care, making it necessary to integrate new data sources, such as increasingly prevalent social media data. In this study, we compared and evaluated four social media sites, in terms of data coverage and quality using 11 disease-drug pairs of careful selection. We found some patients reported serendipitous new indications for the drugs they were using for comorbid conditions, which is truly valuable information for drug repositioning. We also identified five cases of informal use of English on social media that can be challenging for computers to process, including comparative sentiment, sarcasm, grammar errors, pronoun reference and semantic reference, and emoticons. Our study suggests that social media can be a complementary new data source for studying medication outcomes, and reliable natural language processing and text mining methods are needed to automatically mine social media data on a large scale.
Magnetometer prospecting in historical archaeology: Evaluating survey options at a 19th-century rancho site in California

To complement the growing literature on magnetic prospection in historical archaeology, the practical aspects of magnetometer selection and survey design need to be explored. Based on a test case from the Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park in northern California, two readily-available magnetometers are compared with respect to instrument type (alkali-vapor versus proton precession), sensor configuration and number (total field versus vertical gradient), sensor height, intensity of data collection, and basestation correction procedures. These variables are then considered in light of survey speed, labor input, and monetary cost. Results indicate that the alkali-vapor gradiometer is better suited for historical archaeological research based on survey speed and efficiency, volume of data collected, temporal and spatial intensity of station readings, and sensor sensitivity. In addition, the data reconfirm the importance of sensor height, gradiometer configuration, and basestation correction in obtaining high-quality magnetic data.
Hadronic Tau Identification and Trigger

High performance hadronic tau identification is crucial for measurements and searches of new physics in final states involving tau leptons.
Water Uptake and Conduction in Strontium Ytterbium Cerate

Water uptake and conduction have been studied in SrYb0.05Ce0.95O3-δ, a composition known to conduct protons, oxygen ions, and electrons, depending on temperature and environment. Water uptake kinetics evaluated by thermogravimetry occurred in two distinct stages: a rapid, initial weight gain (0.39±0.09 eV, attributed to grain boundary and near surface hydration) followed by a much slower uptake (2.8±0.4 eV, attributed to hydration of the bulk grains). From cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry measurements for a cell exposed to asymmetric conditions, currents and activation energies for electronic, oxygen ion, and proton conduction were determined. The activation energy for electronic conduction, 0.90±0.09 eV, is believed to be artificially high due to the increase in electron carrier concentration with increased temperature. The activation energy for oxygen ion conduction (0.97±0.10 eV) agrees well with other oxygen conductors. Proton conduction appeared to follow two different mechanisms: a low temperature process characterized by an activation energy of 0.42±0.04 eV, and a high temperature process, characterized by an activation energy of 1.38±0.13 eV. A possible explanation is that proton conduction at low temperatures is dominated by grain boundaries and is dominated by bulk conduction at higher temperatures.
Kinetics of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper from (β-diketonate)CuL Precursors

The reaction kinetics of (hfac)CuL were examined in a warm-wall differential reactor. The data are consistent with neutral ligand L dissociation as rate limiting for (hfac)CuVTMS. A strong dependence of film resistivity on (hfac)CuVTMS pressure was observed. Selectivity for tungsten (W) surfaces in the presence of PECVD SiO2 was not observed for (hfac)CuVTMS under the conditions employed.
Thyroid hormone and mammary gland growth in the rat.

Summary1) The effect of mild hyperthyroidism upon mammary gland growth has been studied in adult ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) for 19 days. 2) Using total DNA as index of mammary growth, glands of animals receiving daily injections of 1 μg EB, 3 mg P and 3 or 6 μg/100 g thyroxine did not differ from that of controls. Upon doubling EB and P levels, a significant increase in total DNA was observed. 3) It is suggested that thyroid hormone may be a limiting factor in mammary gland growth when E and P secretions are adequate, but when TSR is optimal, E and P secretion may limit growth.
A Compact Spectral Range and Matching Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrometer for the Simultaneous Study of 1 × 104-2 × 107 K Solar Plasmas

An EUV spectral range of less than 100 A in first order has been found that includes sufficient spectral lines and critical combinations of lines in first and second order to permit dynamic and diagnostic investigations of the solar atmosphere with a relatively simple spectrometer. An optical design of such a spectrometer, based on the performance of the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, and sample stigmatic solar spectra for the range 1334-1428 A from SUMER are presented to illustrate the utility of this range. Lines of almost all abundant solar elements except H and He are present within this wavelength band in first or second order. The lines cover the large temperature range from 1 × 104 K (chromosphere) to 2 × 107 K (flares). The spectrometer's resolution is sufficiently high to permit measuring line profiles and wavelength shifts which allows plasma dynamical studies of individual solar structures from the chromosphere up into the corona. In addition, electron density diagnostics are available within the spectral range that cover the temperature range from 8 × 104 to 1 × 106 K and an electron density range from 108 to 1013 cm-3.
Diameter changes in arteriolar networks of contracting skeletal muscle.

The effect of muscular contraction on vessel diameter was studied in the arteriolar network of the exteriorized cat sartorius muscle during normal and elevated vascular tone. Dilation during 4 Hz m...
Audio File: Tidal Light

Tidal Light is a work for orchestra commissioned and premiered by the New England Philharmonic at Boston in 2001, under the direction of Richard Pittman. Subsequent performances have been given at Tanglewood’s Ozawa Hall, by the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, Young Artist Orchestra, by the Boston University Symphony Orchestra, and in Taiwan by the National Taiwan University Symphony. Its duration in performance is approximately seven minutes. Its form commences with an aggressively rhythmic character and proceeds through a series of episodes to a calm and spacious conclusion.
Spaces of danger: culture and power in the everyday

Spaces of danger: culture and power in the everyday, edited by Heather Merrill and Lisa M. Hoffman, Athens, University of Georgia Press, 2015, xiii + 326 pp., US$29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-8203-4877-3 The publication of this book is fortuitous. Its introductory chapter recounts the 2011 attack by Anders Breivik in Norway, as well as media and political interpretations of such a tragedy. Breivik, a far right terrorist, killed 77 people in an effort to end cultural Marxism and the Islamic influence in Europe. In the introduction of the book, editors Heather Merrill and Lisa M. Hoffman point out that this was initially assumed to be Islamic terrorism. Once the public had read his lengthy manifesto, it became clear that he was a domestic terrorist working from a particular political ideology. As I began reading the book, I still had the November 2015 Paris attacks in my mind and a lone gunman had recently attacked a Colorado Planned Parenthood office. Donald Trump was the leading Republican presidential candidate, despite so many "gaffes" and offensive comments. Before I had finished the book, two terrorists using assault weapons violently attacked a holiday party in San Bernardino, California leading to fears of US intelligence gathering capabilities as well as incoming Syrian refugees. The Western world seems to be deep into a moment of danger, the very stuff the late geographer Allan Pred excelled at unpacking. This book is a celebration of Allan Pred's work. I liked the fact that the chapters span the entirety of his career, with sections on urban geography, spatio-temporal geographies, and situated practices. Pred's study of hegemony and power relations influence each chapter. Despite this fact, the book never feels like a rigid dogma that other such works can slip into. How often have we worked with Marx or Heidegger and felt oppression toward new interpretations or honest critique? Rather, this book reveals both the critical theory Pred developed and expanded, as well as reminds us that he was in fact a human. His work should be used, not placed in a jar high upon a shelf. Allan Pred's approach to critical geography, according to editors Heather Merrill and Lisa M. Hoffman, was focused on "re-presenting" modern events that are often seen as simply normal, even though they truly are anything but. Acts of violence, racism, and cruelty are often shrugged off with a "what can you do?" attitude, yet Pred argued that this was the result of years of the production and reproduction of power through the hegemony of "misinformation, diversions, and silences" (p. 4). This is effectively what Walter Benjamin's concept of "the state of emergency" is all about, but much of Pred's work was to connect how region and place influenced hegemonic control (as well as its acceptance) in society. …
THE 1952 MINNESOTA WORD ASSOCIATION NORMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the 1952 Minnesota word association norms. The Minnesota word association norms are usually known as the Minnesota norms for the Kent–Rosanoff word association test. If the frequency of occurrence of responses to the particular stimulus word is tabulated and then arranged in order of descending frequency, it is customary to describe this series as the associative hierarchy or the associative response hierarchy for the particular stimulus word. There is a general negative relationship between the frequency of popular responses to stimuli and the number of different responses made to the stimuli. The norms have found a wide variety of uses in the experimental laboratory and have also provided a measure of individual differences. The norms provide an index of powerful verbal habits that are shared by members of the college student community.
Introduction to AI EDAM

I am very pleased to have been appointed to be the new Editor of the AIEDAM journal: only the third in its 15 years of existence. My involvement with AIEDAM started early in the life of the journal, due to my professional interactions with Professor Clive Dym, its first Editor. Clive put the journal on a very sound footing, and set the high standards that the journal continues to uphold. That it has maintained such a high reputation in the fields that it covers is due to Professor William Birmingham, the second Editor. My goal is to continue with the policies developed by these two prior Editors, while striving to raise the journal's standards, reputation, and visibility even further.
Chiral magnetic excitations in FeGe films

Although chiral magnetic materials have emerged as a potential ingredient in future spintronic memory devices, there are few comprehensive studies of magnetic properties in scalably grown thin films. We present growth, systematic physical and magnetic characterization, and microwave absorption spectroscopy of B20 FeGe thin films. We also perform micromagnetic simulations and apply analytical theory to understand the dynamical magnetic behavior of this material. We find magnetic resonance features in both the helical and field-polarized magnetic states, which are well explained by micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations. In particular, we show the resonant enhancement of spin waves along the FeGe film thickness that has a wave vector matching the helical vector. Using our analytic model, we also describe the resonance frequency of a helical magnetic state in bulk materials and thin films, which depends strongly on its untwisting field. Our results pave the way for understanding and manipulating high frequency spin waves in thin-film chiral magnet FeGe near room temperature.
Integrated environmental sustainability and resilience assessment model for coastal flood hazards

Abstract Methodologies that analyze intersections between resilience and sustainability over a building's lifecycle are important to consider within the context of performance-based design. Life-cycle analysis (LCA) often incorporates building maintenance as part of use-phase environmental impacts; however, hazard-induced repairs are largely ignored. Furthermore, “sustainable” design strategies can lead to more damage and higher life-cycle impacts if the selected materials are less hazard resistant. This study presents an integrated sustainability and resilience assessment model for flood hazards for coastal, single-family residential (SFR) building designs that incorporates a probabilistic procedure for determining flood-related repairs during the useful life of the building and an LCA-based method for measuring the environmental impact of the building considering initial construction and flood-induced repairs. For a case study located in Saint Petersburg, Florida, the model shows that with minor changes in component configuration and materials, environmental sustainability indicators of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and water consumption can be reduced by approximately 40–60% when considering coastal flood damage repairs over a 30 year building life. The case study demonstrates that the model is a useful framework to support effective decision making considering life-cycle environmental impacts within an integrated sustainability and resilience performance-based design construct for residential buildings subjected to flood hazards within coastal areas.
Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome and Differential Diagnosis: A Molecular and Clinical Challenge.

Pitt–Hopkins syndrome is an emerging neurodevelopmental disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 gene on chromosome 18q21. It is characterized by severe intellectual disability, seizures, microcephaly, constipation and a distinctive facial gestalt. Although the overlapping phenotype of microcephaly, epilepsy, absent speech and constipation represents a challenge for the differential diagnosis with Angelman syndrome, Rett syndrome and Mowat–Wilson syndrome, distinctive of Pitt–Hopkins syndrome are breathing abnormalities, that can occur as either hyperventilation episodes or apnea crises, and a typical facial dysmorphism, including bitemporal narrowing, squared forehead, deep-set eyes, peculiar nose conformation, with broad nasal bridge, down-turned nasal tip and flaring nostrils, typical shape of the mouth, with a tented and M shaped upper lip, and widely spaced teeth. The occurrence of these signs in variable association of uncoordinated movements, microcephaly of postnatal onset, eye abnormalities, constipation, epilepsy and subtle brain abnormalities is highly predictive of a TCF4 mutation, making it possible to plan a genetic test of choice among severe encephalopathies. Angelman syndrome represents the nosological condition closest to Pitt–Hopkins syndrome.
A novel Bayesian and Chain Rule Model on symbolic representation for time series classification

Time series data are generated in abundance of information technology applications. Classification of time series is one of the significant areas of interest in Time Series Data Mining. Over the last decade, different approaches have been developed to achieve a superior effectiveness and efficiency in classification of time series. We propose a new model for classification of time series which first uses SAX (symbolic aggregate approximation) method to transform the time series to symbols and then applies a probabilistic methodology in dealing with classification of symbolic sequences. This model is developed based on Bayesian rule and Probability Chain rule on symbolic representation of time series along with considering a penalty for mismatching points. We call this model Bayesian and Chain rule Model (BCM). The performance of BCM has been evaluated using 43 time series data sets. We performed an extensive experiment to compare the performance of BCM to Euclidean Distance, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) with best warping window, and DTW with no warping window. This comparison was done through three stages. Stage 1 was predicting the domains and problems, in which BCM works relatively well. Stage 2 included measuring the prediction accuracy of BCM to those of the other methods. Stage 3 involved constructing the confusion matrixes for predictions in Stage 1 as well as measuring and comparing the predictability of the methods. The results show that, compared to the other popular time series classification methods, BCM is more accurate where it is predicted to perform better.
Security Validation in Modern SoC Designs

Modern SoC designs include a large number of sensitive data and collateral that must be protected against unauthorized or malicious access. Unauthorized access can happen in the design/integration supply chain as well as on-field through exploitation of system and platform errors, physical access, malicious software execution, etc. Validation entails ensuring that the system is robust against all of these attacks, and even unanticipated ones. It is one of the most critical and time-consuming activities in the SoC design methodology. In this chapter, we provide a general overview of validation activities and challenges, discuss limitations in our current validation practices, and identify requirements and opportunities for research in this space.
Factors Associated with an Optimal Pregnancy Outcome in an Oocyte Donation Program

Purpose: To identify donor and recipient variables that may have a significant impact on pregnancy outcome in order to optimize results of an oocyte donation program. Method: Retrospective analysis through a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach to clustered and binary clustered data, linear mixed effects model, scatter plot smoothing functions, and receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curves. Setting: University-based center. Intervention(s): None. Main outcome measures: Pregnancy and implantation rates. Patients: 257 donation and transfer cycles. Result(s): Overall results were as follows: clinical pregnancy rate, 47%; implantation rate, 22%; abortion rate, 19%; and overall multiple pregnancy rate, 35%. The total reproductive potential was 60%. Implantation and pregnancy rates were not significantly related to any variable from donors or recipients. Abortion rate increased significantly with donors' increased basal serum LH. Pregnancy rate was significantly enhanced with improved embryo quality. In donors stimulated more than once, the pregnancy rate was 84%. Conclusion(s): Although no single or combined donor or recipient variable(s) could be identified as predictor(s) of pregnancy, the data suggest that donors ≤q33 years of age with basal cycle day 3 serum levels of FSH 4–8 IU/L, LH < 8 IU/L, and E2 < 70 pg/mL had an optimal outcome. Transfer of two selected embryos on day 3 yields a favorable pregnancy outcome while significantly decreasing the occurrence of multiple pregnancies. These policies, in addition to embryo cryopreservation, were associated with optimal pregnancy outcome in oocyte donation.
Trichosporonosis in Pediatric Patients With a Hematologic Disorder.

Background Trichosporonosis is an emerging and often fatal opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancy, but data in children are lacking. Methods We report here 3 cases of invasive infection caused by Trichosporon asahii in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas. We also conducted a literature review and identified 16 additional reports of pediatric patients with invasive T asahii infection and an underlying malignant or nonmalignant hematologic disorder. Results Of the 19 cases of invasive T asahii infection, the most commonly reported underlying hematologic disorder was acute lymphoblastic leukenia (47%), followed by acute myelogenous leukemia (21%). Most of the patients (94%) had neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count of <500 cells/mm3. Antifungal prophylaxis information was available in 6 of the 19 cases, and micafungin use was reported in 5 cases. Treatment regimens frequently included voriconazole monotherapy (47%) or the combination of an azole antifungal with amphotericin B (35%). The mortality rate was 58%. Conclusions Recognizing that echinocandins, which are increasingly used for prophylaxis in patients with a hematologic malignancy, are not active against Trichosporon species is of critical importance. The recommended first-line therapy for trichosporonosis is voriconazole, but successful outcome depends largely on the underlying immune status of the host.
The Complexities of Deaf Identities

Knowing that one cannot hear does not automatically give rise to a deaf identity. In contrast to stereotypical perceptions of deaf people as a hegemonic group, it is important to acknowledge the existence of different groups of deaf individuals, each of which reflects different deaf identities. Life experiences, including those related to parent influences, school environments, exposure to deaf people, attitudes about deaf people, and cultural environments influence the specific deaf identity that deaf individuals may internalize. Identities related to ethnic background, sexual orientation, and additional disability status among other individual characteristics do not exist in isolation. Rather, these multiple identities intersect with each other and with deaf identities in unique ways. Additionally, identities are dynamic rather than static. This chapter explores the complexities in deaf identities, the process of deaf identity formation, theoretical frameworks, and intersectionality. Areas where research is needed are highlighted.
Spectrally Resolved and Functional Super-resolution Microscopy via Ultrahigh-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

ConspectusAs an elegant integration of the spatial and temporal dimensions of single-molecule fluorescence, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) overcomes the diffraction-limited resolution barrier of optical microscopy by localizing single molecules that stochastically switch between fluorescent and dark states over time. While this type of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technique readily achieves remarkable spatial resolutions of ∼10 nm, it typically provides no spectral information. Meanwhile, current scanning-based single-location approaches for mapping the positions and spectra of single molecules are limited by low throughput and are difficult to apply to densely labeled (bio)samples.In this Account, we summarize the rationale, design, and results of our recent efforts toward the integration of the spectral dimension of single-molecule fluorescence with SMLM to achieve spectrally resolved SMLM (SR-SMLM) and functional SRM (f-SRM).By developing a wide-field scheme for spectral measuremen...
Introduction of sacrificial bonds to hydrogels to increase defect tolerance during suturing of multilayer vascular grafts.

Small-caliber vascular grafts used in coronary artery bypass procedures typically fail due to the development of intimal hyperplasia or thrombosis. Our laboratory has developed a multilayered vascular graft with an electrospun polyurethane outer layer with improved compliance matching and a hydrogel inner layer that is both thromboresistant and promotes endothelialization. Initial in vivo studies showed that hydrogel particulates were dislodged from the hydrogel layer of the grafts during suturing. To address this problem, we developed and characterized a new hydrogel formulation that resists damage during suturing. Introduction of sacrificial, hydrogen bonds to poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels via co-polymerization with n-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) increased the fracture energy as determined by single edge notch testing. This enhanced defect tolerance resulted in a hydrogel layer that was resistant to suture-induced damage with no dislodged particles observed. Importantly, the incorporation of NVP did not affect the thromboresistance, bioactivity, or biostability of the hydrogel layer. In addition to eliminating complications due to hydrogel particle generation in our multilayer graft design, this defect tolerant hydrogel formulation has broad potential use in many cardiovascular and soft tissue applications. Statement of Significance: Small-caliber vascular grafts used in coronary artery bypass procedures typically fail due to development of intimal hyperplasia or thrombosis. Our laboratory has developed a multilayered vascular graft with an electrospun polyurethane outer layer with improved compliance matching and a hydrogel inner layer that is both thromboresistant and promotes endothelialization. However, hydrogel particulates were dislodged from the hydrogel layer during suturing in vivo. This work describes a hydrogel formulation based on poly(ethylene glycol) that is resistant to suture-induced damage. The introduction of sacrificial, hydrogen bonds by co-polymerization with n-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) resulted in an increase fracture energy without affecting the thromboresistance, bioactivity, or biostability. This defect-tolerant hydrogel formulation and the methodology to assess hydrogel defect tolerance has broad potential use in cardiovascular and soft tissue applications.
“Breaking Her Spirit” Through Objectification, Fragmentation, and Consumption: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Domestic Sex Trafficking

It is now recognized that sex trafficking is an issue present in the United States as victims are frequently children and adults who were born and raised in the United States. Anti-trafficking rese...
Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations

Pediatric vascular anomalies consist predominantly of hemangiomas or vascular malformations. Hemangiomas appear early in infancy and proliferate for 6 to 12 months before undergoing slow regression. They are the most common benign tumor of infancy, and historically pediatricians have advised conservative observation since the vast majority slowly involute over an average of 5 years. Propranolol has replaced steroids as first-line treatment for problematic hemangiomas. Residual deformity, which can be severe, is treated by surgical debulking. Lasers may be useful for very early hemangiomas, ulcerated hemangiomas, or for persistent vascular pigmentation in regressed hemangiomas. Vascular malformations are composed of abnormal capillaries (port wine stain), veins, lymphatics, arteries, or combinations of abnormal vessels such as arteriovenous malformations and venolymphatic malformations. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a dermal capillary vascular malformation, an underlying venolymphatic malformation and hypertrophy of the involved area of the body. Unlike hemangiomas, vascular malformations tend to grow proportionately with the child and do not undergo involution. Treatment options include cutaneous and endovascular laser photocoagulation, sclerotherapy, embolization, and surgical debulking.
Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades Under Fatigue Loads

This paper presents the results of dynamic characterization and preparation of a full-scale fatigue test of a 9 m CX-100 blade. Sensors and actuators utilized include accelerometers and piezoelectric sensors. To dynamically characterize a 9 m CX-100 blade, full scale modal analyses were completed with varying boundary conditions and blade orientations. Also, multi-scale sensing damage detection techniques were explored; high frequency active-sensing was used in identifying fatigue damage initiation, while low frequency passive-sensing was used in assessing damage progression. Ultimately, high and low frequency response functions, wave propagations, and sensor diagnostic methods were utilized to monitor and analyze the condition of the wind turbine blade under fatigue loading.
Investigating the Ca 2+-dependent and Ca 2+-independent mechanisms for mammalian cone light adaptation

Vision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors: rods, enabling vision in dim light; and cones, which function in bright light. Despite many similarities in the components of their respective phototransduction cascades, rods and cones have distinct sensitivity, response kinetics, and adaptation capacity. Cones are less sensitive and have faster responses than rods. In addition, cones can function over a wide range of light conditions whereas rods saturate in moderately bright light. Calcium plays an important role in regulating phototransduction and light adaptation of rods and cones. Notably, the two dominant Ca2+-feedbacks in rods and cones are driven by the identical calcium-binding proteins: guanylyl cyclase activating proteins 1 and 2 (GCAPs), which upregulate the production of cGMP; and recoverin, which regulates the inactivation of visual pigment. Thus, the mechanisms producing the difference in adaptation capacity between rods and cones have remained poorly understood. Using GCAPs/recoverin-deficient mice, we show that mammalian cones possess another Ca2+-dependent mechanism promoting light adaptation. Surprisingly, we also find that, unlike in mouse rods, a unique Ca2+-independent mechanism contributes to cone light adaptation. Our findings point to two novel adaptation mechanisms in mouse cones that likely contribute to the great adaptation capacity of cones over rods.