cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration methods for microdialysis sampling in vivo : muscle and adipose tissue

Calibration methods for microdialysis sampling were studied in the muscle and adipose tissue of rats. Both the delivery method and the no-net-flux method were used to determine the extraction efficiency (EE) of acetaminophen and caffeine in both tissues. There was no concentration dependence of the EE either in vitro or in vivo for either acetaminophen or caffeine. The EEs determined by the delivery and no-net-flux methods were not different. However, the EEs of both caffeine and acetaminophen determined in vitro were significantly higher than those determined in the muscle and adipose. This indicates that mass transfer in the tissue is the rate-determining factor for the EE in vivo. The relative difference between the EE in vitro and the EE in the muscle was smaller than the difference between the EE in vitro and the EE in the adipose. In addition, the EE in the muscle decreased more than the EE in the adipose after the animal was euthanized. This indicated that exchange between the extracellular fluid and plasma is the rate-determining step in mass transport relative to microdialysis sampling. This has a more significant effect on the EE in the muscle than the EE in the adipose. Both the delivery and no-net-flux methods can be used to calibrate microdialysis probes in the muscle and adipose.
Scleroderma-like alterations in collagen metabolism occurring in the tsk (tight skin) mouse.

Abnormalities in collagen metabolism similar to those occurring in the skin of patients with scleroderma have been demonstrated in the TSK (tight skin) mouse, a dominant mutant of the inbred B10.D2(58N)/SN mouse strain. These abnormalities, which consist of increased collagen content, accelerated biosynthesis, and increased extractibility of the newly synthesized molecules, suggest that the TSK mouse may be an excellent animal model for the study of the connective tissue alterations characteristic of scleroderma.
Reevaluating the Place of Evaluation in Planning for Alternatives to Institutional Care for the Elderly.

This paper reviews an array of studies evaluating alternative settings and programs for long term care of the elderly. Some major methodological weaknesses of those evaluation studies are reviewed. Substantial ambiguities in the results of those studies are also examined. For both of these reasons, and others, research results have had little impact on policy for long term care of the elderly. The paper argues for an emphasis, in the future, on research that will help provide better information to clients, families, and service providers, rather than on studies aimed at finding which site or model is best for long term care.
Fusarium Solani from Ascospores of Nectria Haematococca Causes Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean

This is the first report of a teleomorph connection for isolates of Fusarium solani that infect soybean. Nectria haematococca isolated from roots of soybean plants with sudden death syndrome proved to be the ascoma stage of F. solani. A single ascospore culture IN-2X-11A from IN-2X-11 produced sporodochia with masses of blue macroconidia and essentially no microconidia. Another single asco? spore culture IN-2X-11B from IN-2X-11 did not produce macroconidia, but it did produce the perfect state and microconidia. Hypocotyl inoculation of soybeans with macroconidia plus mycelia of IN-2X11A caused severe foliar symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome. In contrast, no foliar symptoms of sudden death syndrome developed in plants inoculated with microconidia plus mycelia. Pathogenicity ofthe N. haematococca isolate producing abundant F. solani macroconidia has been stable in inoculation tests since 1989, and it is more virulent than several other Indiana isolates of F. solani from soybean plants with severe sudden death syndrome.
Within-Session Mood Changes From TMS in Depressed Patients

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has become an increasingly well studied tool in neuropsychiatry. It has been applied in neurophysiology and as a treatment modality in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Regarding the treatment of major depressive disorder, several meta-analyses of a number of randomized sham-controlled trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 1–6 have produced a significant body of evidence supporting its efficacy. Target areas of repetitive TMS in the treatment of mood disorders are the left and the right prefrontal cortex. The selection of these areas is based on evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies that suggest that prefrontal cortical areas show significant abnormalities in mood disorders. 7–10 During treatment with TMS, magnetic pulses are applied to the scalp. These pulses induce an electrical current in the underlying cortical tissue which results in depolarization of cortical neurons. Indirectly TMS also has effects on related cortical and subcortical areas as evidenced by studies of the motor cortex. 11,12 TMS studies regarding mood disorders have focused largely on depressed patients during a course of TMS, which usually consists of multiple treatment sessions conducted over several weeks. In contrast, studies regarding immediate effects of TMS on mood and on neural networks have mostly assessed healthy subjects. Reasons for studying healthy subjects rather than depressed patients include concerns about symptom heterogeneity in depression and the impact of psychotropic medications. 13,14
An application of Michel Meyer's Theory of problematology to David Hume's Diaologues concerning natural religion

This study advances the claim that Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, which drew its inspiration and guidelines from Cicero's De Natura Deorum, fulfills four basic elements of Michel Meyer's theory of problematology. In doing so, it is argued, the Dialogues contribute importantly to our understanding of the question-answer pair, and to the notion of rhetoric as a way of knowing.
Nanoengineered InAs quantum dot active medium for laser diodes

Nanoengineering approach was used to develop an efficient active medium based on self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) for laser diodes operating at elevated temperatures. Photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron microscopy, and electroluminescence were used to study the influence of an overgrowth procedure on the properties of multiple-layer QDs. Optical properties of QDs were optimized by the adjustment of a GaAs overlayer thickness prior to a heating step, responsible for the truncation of the pyramid-shaped QDs. Triple-layer QD edge-emitting lasers with 1220 nm emitting wavelength exhibited a maximum saturated modal gain of 16 cm-1. To use truncated QD active medium for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, seven layers of QDs with 20 nm of short period superlattice barriers between layers was developed. A wavelength of 1190 nm edge-emitting lasers with 120 nm total thickness 7xQDs active medium showed almost two times higher maximum saturated gain, 31 cm-1. Unfortunately, these lasers with closer distance between QD layers in active medium demonstrated stronger temperature dependence (with To = 110 K) of threshold current density and lasing wavelength. A record high characteristic temperature for lasing threshold, To = 380 K up to 55 C, was measured for edge-emitting laser diodes, which contained triple-layer truncated QD active medium. We believe that AlAs capping in combination with truncation procedure result in significant suppression of carrier transport between QDs within the layer as well as between QD layers.
Urodynamic studies in spinal cord tethering

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is of particular interest to urologists through its effects on the function of the lower urinary tract. Tethering of the spinal cord can result in bladder dysfunction with multiple manifestations, clinically raging from urinary retention and detrusor under-activity to urinary incontinence, over-activity of the detrusor, and sphincter dysfunction. Goals of management include protecting renal function and preserving patient quality of life. Evaluation of a TCS patient with urinary complaints begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Further characterization of urinary symptoms with a voiding diary provides vital information that helps to direct treatment while engaging the patient and family in the treatment plan. Urodynamic studies then provide key diagnostic data regarding bladder function, bladder outlet resistance, and urinary sphincter function. In the pediatric population, particular care must be paid to counseling patients and their families prior to the procedure to alleviate the often-considerable anxiety associated with an invasive procedure. The armamentarium for management of neurogenic bladder associated with TCS includes behavioral training, biofeedback therapy, medications, patient-performed procedures, and surgical intervention. The choice of intervention depends on the patient’s symptoms, urodynamic findings, and patient and family preferences. The primary problem of TCS should be addressed first through detethering, and then the urological team can use progressively more aggressive therapies as necessary. Interpretation and treatment by a dedicated, specialized, multidisciplinary team that includes the pediatric urologist, pediatric neurosurgeon and dedicated nurse practitioner, is critical for successful treatment.
On the Measurement of Dynamic Stability of Human Locomotion

The main focus of the present investigation is the development of quantitative measures to assess the dynamic stability of human locomotion. The analytical methodology is based on Floquet theory, which was developed to investigate the stability of nonlinear oscillators. Here the basic approach is modified such that it accommodates the study of the complex dynamics of human locomotion and differences among various individuals. A quantitative stability index has been developed to characterize the ability of humans to maintain steady gait patterns. Floquet multipliers of twenty normal subjects were computed from the kinematic data at Poincare sections taken at four instants of the gait cycle, namely heel strike, foot flat, heel off, and toe off. Then, an averaged stability index was computed for each subject. Statistical analysis was performed to demonstrate the utility of the stability indices as quantitative measures of dynamic stability of gait for the subject population tested during the present study.
Ultrasonic attenuation in electron-hole liquids

A theory of the attenuation of longitudinal sound in electron-hole liquids in semiconductors, based on coupled electron and hole kinetic equations, is developed. The theory takes into account the existence of several bands of Fermi liquids, with differing charge and interaction with the lattice, the fact that the Fermi wave numbers are so small that the wave number of the sound can exceed them, and the effects of intraband collisions, which can be rapid enough to produce a significant reduction in the attenuation, even in the high-frequency regime. The theory is applied to sound propagating in the direction in a Ge electron-hole liquid, and the direction in a Si liquid. The former case, compared with the recent experiments by Dietsche, Kirch, and Wolfe (Phys. Rev. B 26, 780 (1982)), suggests that intraband collisions play an important role in the sound-attenuation process.
Growth and subcutaneous fat during the first five years of insulin-dependent diabetes in children

Thirty-four children were observed prospectively during a period of 5 years from the onset of diabetes regarding height, weight and subcutaneous fat in relation to treatment and diabetes control. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) did not differ from those in a control group. The girls with diabetes increased their triceps and subscapular fat significantly despite a normal BMI. This increase in relation to control girls was most pronounced during late adolescence. Triceps skinfold and BMI after 5 years were both negatively correlated to insulin dose per kilogram body weight in the diabetic girls. We conclude that girls with diabetes accumulate subcutaneous fat in certain areas rapidly during adolescence in a completely different way from healthy girls.
Expression cloning of the cDNA for a polypeptide associated with rat hepatic sinusoidal reduced glutathione transport: characteristics and comparison with the canalicular transporter.

Abstract Using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we previously identified an approximately 4-kb fraction of mRNA from rat liver that expresses sulfobromophthalein reduced glutathione S-conjugate (BSP-GSH)-insensitive and an approximately 2.5-kb fraction expressing BSP-GSH-sensitive reduced glutathione (GSH) transport. From the former, a 4.05-kb cDNA was cloned and characterized as the putative rat canalicular GSH transporter. Starting with a cDNA library constructed from the approximately 2.5-kb fraction, we have now isolated a single clone that leads to expression of a BSP-GSH- and cystathionine-inhibitable GSH transporter activity with Km approximately 3 mM characteristic of the sinusoidal GSH transporter. The cDNA for the rat sinusoidal GSH transporter-associated polypeptide (RsGshT) is 2733 bases with an open reading frame of 1059 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 353 amino acids (39,968 Da) with two putative membrane-spanning domains. No identifiable homologies were found in searching various data bases. An approximately 40-kDa protein is generated in in vitro translation of cRNA for RsGshT. Northern blot analysis revealed a single approximately 2.8-kb transcript in rat and human liver with negligible hybridization signal in other organs. The abundance of mRNA for RsGshT did not increase with phenobarbital treatment. Cis-inhibition by BSP-GSH and trans-inhibition by cystathionine and lack of induction by phenobarbital are characteristic of sinusoidal GSH secretion and thus indicate that RsGshT either encodes the sinusoidal GSH transporter itself or a regulatory subunit of the transporter that determines its liver-specific activity.
Articulatory control of vowel length for contiguous jaw cycles: the effects of speaking rate and phonetic context.

The current study examined contiguous cycles of jaw movement in order to determine if select suprasegmental manipulations operate globally across the entire utterance, while phonetic changes are mo...
The pathogenesis of the lethal effect of anthrax toxin in the rat.

ditions previously described (Beall et al, 1962). After 24 hours growth the bulk of the bacteria was removed by centrifugation, and the crude or unfractionated toxin used in these experiments was prepared in 1 of 2 ways: (a) the culture was sterilized by filtration through Millipore filters in stainless steel funnels, frozen, and stored at ?20 C; or (b) horse serum (10*^ v/v) was added to the supernatant culture fluid which was then sterilized by passage through fritted glass filters of ultrafine porosity, shell-frozen, lyophilized, and stored at ?20 C. Horse serum stabilizes anthrax toxin to lyophilization and prevents the adsorption of toxic fractions on fritted glass (Thorne et al, 1960). Toxin prepared as in (a) was used exclusively in the morphologic studies and in the experiments demonstrating capillary permeability by dye leakage. Culture filtrates prepared in either way killed all rats given 0.4 ml or more intravenously. Injection of 2 ml by this route killed rats in 60 to 70 minutes and 1 ml killed in 80 to 90 minutes. In-
Stigma Consciousness at Work

Targets of stigma encounter more than their fair share of disrespect from others. Moreover, targets who chronically attend to their stigmatized status exhibit a heightened sensitivity to these displays of disrespect (Pinel, 2004). A longitudinal study investigates this perceived lack of respect as it relates to work-related attitudes and behavior. Female staff workers indicated their stigma consciousness levels with respect to being a staff worker and a woman, the extent to which they felt respected by the people they serve, and their intentions to leave their job. Two years later they indicated whether or not they had left their job. Results indicate that stigma consciousness with respect to being a staff worker predicted intent to leave and that feeling disrespected mediated this effect. Moreover, these intentions to leave translated into actual behavior. The discussion considers these findings in terms of research on targets of stereotypes and the high turnover rate in the service profession.
Initial Condition Sensitivity Functions and Their Applications

Abstract : The well known method of obtaining sensitivity functions is usually restricted by the condition of continuity imposed on the functions of the coordinates in system equations. For the case of discontinuous functions, more elaborate procedures are required to give a good linear approximation. It is shown that sensitivity functions are discontinuous at the discontinuous points. Also, relations between elements of sensitivity functions at these points are shown to be linear for a given nominal solution of the system. The switching time of the desired Bang-Bang control can be estimated if variations in initial conditions are known. The changes in terminal states and cost function due to deviations in initial conditions can be determined, to first order, by the use of sensitivity functions. Bounds on the deviations in initial conditions can be found by a worst case approach so that the desired terminal conditions are satisfied within given tolerances. The fundamental importance of these techniques in a number of areas of application, for instance, guidance and control of aerospace vehicles, is well known. (Author)
High Molecular Weight Polyphenylene Vinylene

Abstract High molecular weight films, fibers and foams of poly(p-phenylene vinylene), (PPV), have been prepared via a water soluble polyelectrolyte precursor. p-Type chemical doping of these materials with ASF5 and H2SO4 leads to high conductivity and to high electrical anisotropy in oriented films and fibers. n-Doping with sodium naphthalide is also possible giving a semiconducting material. PPV synthesis, processing, and conductivity results are reported.
Upper-extremity peripheral nerve injuries: a Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center literature review with comparison of the operative outcomes of 1837 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center median, radial, and ulnar nerve lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Data from three Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) publications were summarized for median, radial, and ulnar nerve injuries. METHODS: Lesion types, repair techniques, and outcomes were compared for 1837 upper-extremity nerve lesions. RESULTS: Sharp laceration injury repair outcomes at various levels for median and radial nerves were equally good (91 % each) and better than those for the ulnar nerve (73%). Secondary suture and graft repair outcomes were better for the median nerve (78% and 68%, respectively) than for the radial nerve (69% and 67%, respectively) and ulnar nerve (69% and 56%, respectively). In-continuity lesions with positive nerve action potentials during intraoperative testing underwent neurolysis with good results for the median (97%), radial (98%), and ulnar nerves (94%). For radial, median, and ulnar nerve in-continuity lesions with negative intraoperative nerve action potentials, good results occurred after suture repair in 88%, 86%, and 75% and after graft repair in 86%, 75% and 56%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Good outcomes after median and radial nerve repairs are attributable to the following factors: the median nerve's innervation of proximal, large finger, and thumb flexors; and the radial nerve's similar innervation of proximal muscles that do not perform delicate movements. This is contrary to the ulnar nerve's major nerve supply to the distal fine intrinsic hand muscles, which require more extensive innervation. The radial nerve also has a motor fiber predominance, reducing cross-motor/sensory reinnervation, and radial nerve-innervated muscles perform similar functions, decreasing the chance of innervation of muscles with opposite functions.
Use of old and new oral 5-aminosalicylic acid formulations in inflammatory bowel disease.

SUMMARY Although sulfasalazine, a 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agent, is still the anti-inflammatory agent of choice for ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease, newer formulations, which release drug to specific regions of the colon for maximal efficacy, also can be appropriate first-line agents. This article reviews recent clinical studies of therapy with older and newer 5-ASA formulations.
Multi-Scale, Integrative Model Development using High-Performance Computer Architectures

In the field of biophysical modeling, it has often been desirable to build models that can run in real-time on a standard desktop workstation, but this is becoming more difficult to achieve. The complexity of molecular model components is increasing. Models of protein kinetics are evolving into large Markov chains where there were once a handful of Hodgekin-Huxley gating variables or algebraic equations. Additionally, models are integrating more modules for many aspects of cellular regulation, greatly increasing the number of states and expanding the range of relevant timescales. These models achieve mechanistic accuracy at the cost of greatly increased computation. Approximations may be made to decrease simulation time, but with some sacrifice of simulation accuracy. A simplified model of cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling such as the coupled L-type Ca2+ channel-Ryanodine Receptor (LCC-RyR) model can provide a reasonable facsimile of EC coupling gain by modeling only a single LCC-RyR pair per cardiac dyad, far less than what is observed experimentally. To produce more detailed output the number of channels modeled per dyad can be increased, leading to an exponential growth in the number of states and compute time.Increased computing power is becoming more readily available in the form of multi-core processors, cluster computing, and general purpose graphics processing units (GPUs.) As the cost of such advanced computation decreases, the added benefit of including the fully detailed biophysical mechanisms in these models outweighs the computational cost of maintaining the model's complexity. The methods used here show how implementation of the coupled LCC-RyR model on the parallel GPU architecture can lead to significant speedup in simulation time. Use of the GPU also provides a beneficial scaleup in performance as models comprised of more states can be simulated on a larger machine in less time.
Characterization of soil-crop yield relations over a range of erosion on a landscape

Abstract An approach and methodology for characterizing behavior of crop-soil systems as they may be modified by soil erosion were applied to a Cecil-Pacolet soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults) landscape cropped to soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. In each of two years crop and soil measurements along with determination of slope and landscape position were made on slightly, moderately and severely eroded sites in 24 farm fields of which 8 were common to both years. Daily rainfall was recorded during the crop season on each field. Among the 40 variables selected to characterize the system behavior were dynamic or within-season, among-season, and static variables. Search for and identification of variables which determine most of the soybean yield variability have been adopted as the primary objectives in determining behavior of the crop-soil system. Recognizing the strong functional dependencies among a number of the variables, we used multivariate statistical procedures that are based upon eigenvalue-eigenvector analysis of the matrix of correlation coefficients among all variates. Results of using factor analysis and components regression to identify variate contributions to yields of soybeans are reported. In linear, non-interactive analyses, variate contributions to yield were evaluated. The major contribution of clay and organic carbon contents in the surface 0.1 m of soil to soybean yield variations in both seasons identifies soil water as the regulating variable.
On invisible elements of the Tate-Shafarevich group

Abstract Mazur [7] has introduced the concept of visible elements in the Tate-Shafarevich group of optimal modular elliptic curves. We generalized the notion to arbitrary abelian subvarieties of abelian varieties and found, based on calculations that assume the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, that there are elements of the Tate-Shafarevich group of certain sub-abelian varieties of J 0 ( p ) and J 1 ( p ) that are not visible.
Enzymatic synthesis and properties of uridine-5-′-O-(2-thiodiphosphoglucuronate)

Abstract Uridine-5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphoglucuronate) (UDP(βS)-GA) was synthesized in approximately 38% yield from EDP(βS)-glucose and nicotinamide ademine dinucleotide (NAD+) in a reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. UDP(βS)-GA was not a substrate for the p-nitrophenol glucuronosyltransferase of rat liver but was a better inhibitor of nucleotide phosphodiesterase than the natural compound.
UNIQUENESS AND GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF POSITIVE RADIAL SOLUTIONS FOR QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS

Using only elementary analysis based on an important identity of Ni, Pucci and Serrin, and a maximum principle of Peletier and Serrin, we completely clarify the structure of positive radial solutio...
Fluid Flow Characteristics of Forced Flow Electrophoresis

Abstract Fluid flow in forced flow electrophoresis has not been previously analyzed, even though it presents some interesting aspects. The effectiveness of this method for biological separations is due to a superimposition of an electric field on filtration. A mathematical model is presented, describing fluid flow and mass transfer for dilute solutions at electrical potentials less than the critical one. The calculated solute trajectories in a channel are determined by the ratio of the electrophoretic velocity to the withdrawal velocity through the permeable wall. The stationary layer and the layer in which all the solutes arrive at the permeable membrane at the end of the channel are also calculated. The concentration of the filtrate through the permeable membrane is obtained from the material balance of the solute entering the channel. Increased performance is obtained by means of a double-stage forced flow electrophoresis, where the ratio of final filtered solute concentration to inlet concentration is...
Making virtual environments compelling

Delivering a compelling user experience and ensuring application success both depend on the fidelity of the user's sensory immersion.
Reconstructing targetable pathways in lung cancer by integrating diverse omics data

Global 'multi-omics' profiling of cancer cells harbours the potential for characterizing the signalling networks associated with specific oncogenes. Here we profile the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in order to reconstruct targetable networks associated with KRAS dependency. We develop a two-step bioinformatics strategy addressing the challenge of integrating these disparate data sets. We first define an 'abundance-score' combining transcript, protein and phospho-protein abundances to nominate differentially abundant proteins and then use the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree algorithm to identify functional sub-networks. We identify three modules centred on KRAS and MET, LCK and PAK1 and β-Catenin. We validate activation of these proteins in KRAS-dependent (KRAS-Dep) cells and perform functional studies defining LCK as a critical gene for cell proliferation in KRAS-Dep but not KRAS-independent NSCLCs. These results suggest that LCK is a potential druggable target protein in KRAS-Dep lung cancers.
From iconic handshapes to grammatical contrasts: longitudinal evidence from a child homesigner.

Many sign languages display crosslinguistic consistencies in the use of two iconic aspects of handshape, handshape type and finger group complexity. Handshape type is used systematically in form-meaning pairings (morphology): Handling handshapes (Handling-HSs), representing how objects are handled, express events with an agent (“hand-as-hand” iconicity), and Object handshapes (Object-HSs), representing an object's size/shape, are used to express events without an agent (“hand-as-object” iconicity). Second, in the distribution of meaningless properties of form (morphophonology), Object-HSs display higher finger group complexity than Handling-HSs. Some adult homesigners, who have not acquired spoken or signed language and instead use a self-generated gesture system, exhibit these two properties as well. We examined both structures over time in one child homesigner, “Julio”, age 7;4 (years; months) to 12;8. We elicited descriptions of events with and without agents to determine whether morphophonology and morphosyntax can develop without linguistic input during childhood, and their relative timing. Within this period: 1) Julio used handshapes differently in his responses to vignettes with and without an agent; however, his pattern differed from that seen in signers, adult homesigners, or gesturers: while he tended to use a Handling-HS for events with an agent (82%), he was less likely to use an Object-HS for non-agentive events (49%); 2) his Object-HSs showed higher finger group complexity than his Handling-HSs, as in previously studied signers and adult homesigners; and 3) these two levels of structure developed independently, with phonological structure showing a sign-like pattern at an earlier age than morphosyntactic structure. We conclude that iconicity alone is insufficient to explain the development of linguistic contrasts in homesign. These findings also highlight the importance of considering the distribution of forms within an emerging linguistic system.
When thinking about less failure causes more dissonance: The effect of elaboration and recall on behavior change following hypocrisy

The present experiment examined the effect of elaboration and recall on the dissonance that motivates hypocrites to change their behavior when they think about their past failures. After advocating the use of sunscreen, participants recalled either two or eight past failures under low- or high-elaboration conditions. The results showed that under low elaboration, 68% who recalled eight past failures acquired a sample of sunscreen compared to 39% who recalled two past failures. However, under high elaboration, 82% participants who recalled two past failures acquired a sample of sunscreen compared to 52% who recalled eight past failures. The discussion focuses on new insights into the processes that impact the recruitment of cognitions into the dissonance ratio when people conduct an act of hypocrisy.
Water-related research for the Great Lakes region

The need to mobilize and integrate water-related research efforts in universities of the Great Lakes region is predicated on the growing body of literature documenting the water resources problems of the Great Lakes and the influenced service area that provides goods and services to the people of that region. The gravity of the water pollution problem in localized areas, the fluctuating lake levels, the specter of increasing water treatment costs and decreasing raw water quality for industries and municipalities, the lack of subregional or regional planning guidelines, and the scarcity of high quality water recreation areas all give special emphasis to the need for sophisticated and systematic research directed toward serving human needs. The difficulty of such a research effort in terms of data collection, regional economic analysis, or organizational innovations that may be required must not be minimized. Models that need to be built will require several years for conceptualization, planning, and implementation.
Identification of PKD2L, a human PKD2-related gene: tissue-specific expression and mapping to chromosome 10q25.

Mutations in PKD2 cause autosomal dominant kidney disease (ADPKD). Polycystin-2, the PKD2 gene product, is an integral membrane glycoprotein of unknown function. We have identified PKD2L, another member of the PKD2 gene family. PKD2L is expressed in adult heart and skeletal muscle, brain, spleen, testis, and retina, and alternative transcripts of 2.4, 2.7, and 3.0 kb are seen. PKD2L shows 56% identity and 76% similarity with polycystin-2 over a 581-amino-acid span; however, the COOH-terminal 65 residues of PKD2L are unrelated to PKD2. PKD2L is localized to chromosome 10q25 and is excluded as a candidate gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease, and the third form of ADPKD. Given the high degree of homology between PKD2L and PKD2, it is likely that the respective functions of these proteins are also closely related.
Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome V. Apical closure of immature teeth by infection control: Case report and a possible microbial-immunologic etiology

Das with Matusow and Goodall previously noted the rapid clinical apexogenesis of nonvital immature permanent teeth that are involved with an acute endodontic cellulitis. This apexogenesis was achieved by control of infection and by nonspecific intracanal medication without the use of calcium hydroxide. The case report confirms the clinical observations. The experimental canine endodontic cellulitis in a Cebus primate was induced as an immunologic pulp infection with a facultative Streptococcus species. The noted epithelial proliferation and organization into lacelike strands and bilaminar loops, similar to Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in root development, appear to be immunologic and genetic in origin, with an acceleration of the root maturation process.
Elastic-buffer flow control for on-chip networks

This paper presents elastic buffers (EBs), an efficient flow-control scheme that uses the storage already present in pipelined channels in place of explicit input virtual-channel buffers (VCBs). With this approach, the channels themselves act as distributed FIFO buffers. Without VCBs, and hence virtual channels (VCs), deadlock prevention is achieved by duplicating physical channels. We develop a channel occupancy detector to apply universal globally adaptive load-balancing (UGAL) routing to load balance traffic in networks using EBs. Using EBs results in up to 8% (12% for low-swing channels) improvement in peak throughput per unit power compared to a VC flow-control network. These gains allow for a wider network datapath to be used to offset the removal of VCBs and increase throughput for a fixed power budget. EB networks have identical zero-load latency to VC networks operating under the same frequency. The microarchitecture of an EB router is considerably simpler than a VC router because allocators and credits are not required. For 5×5 mesh routers, this results in an 18% improvement in the cycle time.
Intestinal blood flow by Doppler ultrasound: the impact of gestational age and time from first enteral feeding in preterm neonates.

Objective To explore whether superior mesenteric artery (SMA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) on Doppler ultrasound varies by gestational age (GA) and time from first enteral feeding and has an impact on feeding intolerance. Design/Methods Preterm neonates were assigned to three GA groups at birth, group I: 31 to 356/7 weeks, group II: 27 to 306/7 weeks, and group III: ≤ 266/7 weeks. SMA PSV and clinical and feeding parameters were assessed before and after enteral feed, with the first enteral feed designated as time 1, time 2 = 1 to 4 days (after first feed), time 3= 5 to 7 days, time 4 = 8 to 14 days, and time 5 = 15 to 28. Results Forty-one patients completed the study (group I: n = 17, group II: n = 12, group III: n = 12). There was no significant difference in SMA PSV change after feeding between groups at the start of enteral feeding (p = 0.12). There were differences in change in SMA PSV after feeding at times 2, 3 and 5 (p = 0.003, p = 0.004, p = 0.009, respectively). Patients with feeding intolerance exhibited a smaller increase in SMA PSV after feeding. Conclusions There were significant differences in PSV by GA group. SMA PSV change after feeding was lower in patients who had feeding intolerance compared with those who did not.
Healing of genital injuries

Child sexual abuse as well as accidental trauma may cause acute injuries in the anogenital area. Most data on residual findings following genital trauma come from longitudinal studies of children who have been sexually assaulted, undergone surgical procedures, or experienced accidental trauma. Like injuries in other part parts of the body, such injuries undergo a predictable pattern of healing. Most superficial injuries heal without any residual evidence. Deeper injuries, as well as those that become infected or experience repeated disruption, may produce permanent changes. While the presence of such changes supports allegations of prior anogenital trauma, their absence does not preclude the trauma from having occurred.
Gastric surgery for morbid obesity. Complications and long-term weight control.

• The efficacy of gastric surgery for morbid obesity has often been questioned because of incomplete long-term patient follow-up. Between 1977 and 1984, 537 consecutive patients received either a gastric bypass with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, an unbanded gastrogastrostomy, or a vertical banded gastroplasty. The follow-up period was 5 years for all patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and unbanded gastrogastrostomy and 3 years for all patients who underwent vertical banded gastroplasty. Only 5.8% of all patients were unavailable for this late follow-up. The unbanded gastrogastrostomy was not an effective weight-control operation. Both the Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and vertical banded gastroplasty provided effective long-term weight control. Although the Rouxen-Y gastrojejunostomy gave slightly better weight control than the vertical banded gastroplasty, the more simple, safe, and physiological vertical banded gastroplasty is the procedure of choice for most patients with morbid obesity. (Arch Surg. 1989;124:941-946)
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of esophagus with signet‐ring cell features arising in Barrett's esophagus: A case report

We report a rarely documented case of adenocarcinoma of esophagus with signet-ring cell features arising in a Barrett's esophagus. This was diagnosed by employing combined endosonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology. The patient had progressive dysphagia and a poorly circumscribed mass involving the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. An incisional biopsy was performed which showed Barrett's esophagus with highly atypical glands suspicious for adenocarcinoma. Following that, an ultrasound-guided endoscopic fine-needle aspiration revealed a cellular specimen with multiple groups and singly dispersed atypical glandular cells with a predominance of signet-ring features. These findings represented an adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell features arising in Barrett's esophagus. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:51–54. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations of RuCO+, OsCO+, Ru(CO)x, Os(CO)x, Ru(CO)x-and Os(CO)x-(x= 1-4) in Solid Neon

Laser-ablated ruthenium and osmium atoms, cations and electrons have been reacted with CO molecules during condensation in excess neon. The Ru(CO)x and Os(CO)x (x = 1−5) molecules are formed during sample deposition or on annealing. The Ru(CO)x- and Os(CO)x- (x = 1−4) anions are formed by electron capture, and the RuCO+ and OsCO+ cations are produced by metal cation reactions and identified from 13CO and C18O isotopic substitution, density functional calculations, and behavior on doping with CCl4 to serve as an electron trap. Density functional calculations predict these frequencies within 1% and the isotopic shifts for different C−O stretching modes within averages of 1 to 2 cm-1 including vibrational modes for both C3v and D2d tetracarbonyl anion structures.
Theory of the Raman spectrum of rotated double-layer graphene

We study theoretically the Raman spectrum of the rotated double-layer graphene, consisting of two graphene layers rotated with respect to each other by an arbitrary angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. We find a relatively simple dependence of the Raman $G$ peak intensity on the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. On the other hand, the Raman $2D$ peak position, intensity, and width show a much more complicated dependence on the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. We account for all of these effects, including dependence on the incoming photon energy, in good agreement with the experimental data. We find that it is sufficient to include the interaction between the graphene layers on the electronic degrees of freedom (resulting in the occurrence of Van Hove singularities in the density of states). We assume that the phonon degrees of freedom are unaffected by the interaction between the layers. Furthermore, we decompose the Raman $2D$ peak into two components having very different linewidths; these widths are almost independent of the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. The change in the intensity and the peak position of one of these two components gives insight into the dependence of the overall Raman $2D$ peak features as a function of the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$. Furthermore, we study the influence of the coherence on the Raman signal, and we separately study the influence of the interaction between the layers on the electron wave functions and energies. Additionally, we show regions in the phonon spectrum giving rise to the Raman $2D$ peak signal. This work provides an insight into the interplay between the mechanical degree of freedom (angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$) and the electronic degrees of freedom (singularities in the density of states) in rotated double-layer graphene. Additionally, this work provides a way to establish experimentally the value of the rotation angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ using Raman spectroscopy measurement. This procedure becomes even more robust if one repeats the Raman spectroscopy measurement with a different incoming photon energy.
Thyroid hormones and thyroid disease in relation to perchlorate dose and residence near a superfund site

Perchlorate is a widely occurring contaminant, which can competitively inhibit iodide uptake and thus thyroid hormone production. The health effects of chronic low dose perchlorate exposure are largely unknown. In a community-based study, we compared thyroid function and disease in women with differing likelihoods of prior and current perchlorate exposure. Residential blocks were randomly selected from areas: (1) with potential perchlorate exposure via drinking water; (2) with potential exposure to environmental contaminants; and (3) neighboring but without such exposures. Eligibility included having lived in the area for ≥6 months and aged 20-50 years during 1988-1996 (during documented drinking water well contamination). We interviewed 814 women and collected blood samples (assayed for thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine) from 431 interviewed women. Daily urine samples were assayed for perchlorate and iodide for 178 premenopausal women with blood samples. We performed multivariable regression analyses comparing thyroid function and disease by residential area and by urinary perchlorate dose adjusted for urinary iodide levels. Residential location and current perchlorate dose were not associated with thyroid function or disease. No persistent effect of perchlorate on thyroid function or disease was found several years after contaminated wells were capped.
Dizziness and Vertigo

Dizziness is a common and challenging condition seen in the primary care office. Because dizziness is a vague term that can include a wide array of medical disorders, it is important to use a stepwise approach to differentiate between causes. This article focuses on vertigo and its four most common causes: benign paroxysmal peripheral vertigo, vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine, and Meniere's disease.
Sustained progression-free survival with weekly paclitaxel and bevacizumab in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective To determine efficacy, toxicity, and survival in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) receiving combination of weekly paclitaxel and biweekly bevacizumab (PB). Methods We reviewed chemotherapy logs identifying all patients receiving combination PB. Toxicities were graded using CTCAEv3.0 criteria. Response rates (RR) were measured using RECIST criteria or by CA-125 levels per modified Rustin criteria. RR and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined and plotted using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results Fifty-one patients receiving at least two cycles of chemotherapy were evaluable for survival and 55 patients receiving one cycle of PB were evaluable in toxicity analysis. The mean number of previous regimens was four. The overall median PFS was 7 months and median OS was 12 months. The overall response rate (ORR) was 60% (CR 25% and PR 35%). Median PFS for complete and partial responders were 14 and 5 months respectively. Stable disease was seen in 26% with median PFS of 6 months. Thirteen experienced treatment delays for a variety of factors. The most G3/4 toxicities were fatigue (16%), hematologic (9%) and neurotoxicity (7%). Three patients (5%) experienced bowel perforations. Conclusions Combination of paclitaxel and bevacizumab is feasible and demonstrates an acceptable toxicity profile and a high response rate. These observations should be useful in planning future clinical trials with this combination therapy.
Carbohydrate absorption in the young of protein-deficient rats.

The absorption of 3-O-methylglucose (TMG) and of lactose has been studied in the young of female rats fed a protein-deficient diet during pregnancy. Postnatally, these young were suckled by stock diet- fed dams. Intestines of newborn, 4-day and 12-day old pups were infused in situ with 5% TMG or 3.5% lactose. The mean amount retained per entero- cyte was measured as well as the mean amount absorbed from the lumen and transferred from the enterocyte. Absorption of lactose was reduced in the enterocytes of newborn prenatally protein-deprived (PPD) young but not postnatally, while TMG absorption was normal at birth and 12 days but reduced at 4 days. The amount of carbohydrates absorbed in total or per unit intestinal weight seemed to vary with changes in the number of absorptive cells. It is suggested that reduced absorption in PPD pups is pri marily related to the smaller number of absorptive cells in these young. There is a greater increase in numbers of cells and in absorption per cell between birth and 12 days in PPD young than in controls, indicating that the effect on the intestine of prenatal protein deprived young is at least partially reversible. J. Nutr. 107: 690-699, 1977.
Hereditary spherocytosis: Consequences of delayed diagnosis.

Objective:To determine whether patients with undiagnosed hereditary spherocytosis hospitalized for transfusions might have avoided hospitalization via earlier diagnosis.Study design:Charts of all (...
Spade's Pallor and the Flitcraft Parable in Dashiell Hammett's THE MALTESE FALCON

The closing pages of Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon find Sam Spade and Effie Perrine back in the office, come full circle from the start, in the familiar spaces and rhythms of work life. But...
A Stereoselective Synthesis of (±) Exobrevicomin; Synthetic Applications of Gamma-Alkoxy Allylboronates

Abstract A synthesis of the naturally occurring bicyclic acetal, “exobrevicomin” is described. The requisite threo stereochemistry of keto diol precursors is obtained selectively by condensation of a gamma-alkoxy allylboronate with an appropriate aldehyde.