cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROTEIN CATABOLISM: III. Proteolytic Enzymes of Guinea Pig Cerebral Cortex and Synaptosomal Localization

Two proteinases of guinea pig cerebral cortex, one of pH optimum 3.4, the other of pH optimum 7.6, were purified 130- and 900-fold by centrifugation and Sephadex G-100 and G-200 gel chromatography. Both proteinases were assayed for utilizing [3H]acetyl hemoglobin as substrate. The purified pH 3.4 proteinase had two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis while the purified pH 7.6 proteinase gave three bands when stained for protein; none of the purified material stained for glycoprotein. The purified pH 3.4 proteinase had pI of 4.0 to 5.0 and a Km of 1 ± 10-4 M hemoglobin. This acid proteinase showed no cofactor requirements, was inhibited 51% by 0.1 M HgCl2, and was relatively inactive against low molecular weight synthetic substrates. The purified pH 7.6 proteinase had pI of 6.7 to 7.4 and a Km of 1 ± 10-5 M. This neutral proteinase showed no cofactor requirements, was severely inhibited by HgCl2 and diisopropylphosphofluoridate, and was also relatively inactive against low molecular weight synthetic substrates. On fractionation of the guinea pig cerebral cortex into ‘myelin’, ‘purified synaptosomes’ and ‘mitochondria’ fractions proteinase activity was found in each fraction. Highest activity of both pH 3.4 and pH 7.6 enzymes was in the ‘mitochondrial’ fraction. Fractionation of synaptosomes indicated highest pH 7.6 and pH 3.4 proteolytic activity in the fraction D ‘synaptic vesicle’ fraction. This activity was further purified on continuous sucrose gradients and separation of the pH 3.4 and pH 7.6 enzymes achieved. The purified pH 7.6 proteinase was found to be capable of releasing peptides and glycopeptides from isolated synaptosome surface electrokinetically in a manner similar to trypsin.
Purification and characterization of recombinant murine sulfamidase

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme sulfamidase, which is required for the degradation of heparan sulfate. The disease is characterized by neurological dysfunction but relatively mild somatic manifestations. A naturally occurring mouse model to MPS IIIA exhibits a similar disease progression to that observed in patients. Disease in the mice results from a base substitution at codon 31 in the sulfamidase gene, altering an aspartic acid to an asparagine (D31N). This aspartic 31 is involved in binding of the divalent metal ion needed for catalytic function, and as such reduces the specific activity of the enzyme to about 3% of that of wild-type. The mutant protein has decreased stability and shows increased degradation over a 24 h chase period when compared to wild-type mouse sulfamidase. Mouse sulfamidase that was purified using a two-step ion exchange procedure was shown to have similar kinetic properties to that of purified human sulfamidase. Recombinant murine sulfamidase was able to correct the storage phenotype of MPS IIIA fibroblasts after endocytosis via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor.
The Impacts of Confined Disposal Facilities on Calcasieu Ship Channel Sedimentation

The confined disposal facilities (CDFs) are the areas along Calcasieu Ship Channel to store dredged sediments from the ship channel. As the sediments settle in the CDFs, the low concentration sediment flows are discharged into the open water adjacent to the CDFs. The paper demonstrates flow and sediment transport characteristics in the open water due to the CDF discharge. The sediment distributions in all three dimensions in the water are revealed. The lake current effects were also investigated. A commercial CFD package ANSYS-FLUENT is used to simulate all cases in this study.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Patient trust in physician influences colorectal cancer screening in low-income patients.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective but underutilized. Although physician recommendation is an important predictor of screening, considerable variation in CRC screening completion remains. Purpose To characterize the influence of patient trust in care providers on CRC screening behavior. Methods Data were collected as part of a cluster-randomized CRC screening intervention trial performed in the San Francisco Community Health Network from March 2007 to January 2012 (analysis, Spring 2012). All study participants received a recommendation to complete CRC screening from their primary care provider (PCP). Included participants were aged 50–79 years, not current with screening, and completed the Wake Forest Trust Scale (WFTS) measuring trust in PCPs and doctors in general. Primary outcome was CRC screening completion (colonoscopy or fecal occult blood testing) within 12 months following enrollment. Multivariable association adjusted for race/ethnicity, language, and other sociodemographics was estimated using generalized estimating equations with logit link and binomial distribution. Results WFTS response was 70.3% (701). Most participants (83%) were Latino, Asian, or black. Most had income Conclusions After controlling for traditional factors, trust in PCP remained the only significant driver of CRC screening completion in low-income patients. Interventions to promote CRC screening may be improved by including efforts to enhance patient trust in PCP.
Canine Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 21 Cases (1986–1999) and Literature Review

This retrospective study describes the clinical course, treatment, and outcome of 21 dogs with gastric adenocarcinomas (n=19) and leiomyosarcomas (n=2). Medical records from 1986 to 1999 were reviewed for signalment, weight, diagnosis, tumor location, clinical signs, radiographic imaging procedures, surgical procedures, chemotherapy, duration of follow-up monitoring, outcome, cause of death, metastatic rate, metastatic sites, and method of detection of metastasis. Fourteen of 19 (74%) dogs with gastric adenocarcinomas had metastasis. Metastatic sites included gastric lymph nodes, omentum, liver, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, esophagus, adrenal glands, and lungs. Both cases of a gastric leiomyosarcoma had metastatic disease involving the liver (n=2) and duodenum (n=1). Surgery, consisting of either a Billroth I or a gastrojejunostomy, provided immediate relief of the gastric outflow obstruction and clinical improvement in the early postoperative period. The beneficial effects of chemotherapy alone or adjuvant chemotherapy are still unknown. Recurrence of clinical signs 3 days to 10 months after surgery caused all owners to elect euthanasia. The long-term prognosis for most cases of gastric adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas is poor because of the presence of advanced disease. Surgical resection, however, does alleviate gastric outflow obstruction in the immediate postoperative period.
Tensorial Analysis of Integrated Transmission Systems; Part II. Off-Nominal Turn Ratios [includes discussion]

When the turn-ratios of transformers differ from the ratios of nominal values assigned to the different voltage levels of transmission, the a-c network analyzer representation of a transmission system requires autotransformers. The currents flowing in the latter form quite a large percentage of the total current entering the network and consequently the auto-transformer currents cannot be ignored. Their resultant is subdivided into a no-load current and a turn-ratio current. The no-load current is neglected and the turn-ratio current is eliminated from view by a transformation. Afterward the steps given in the first part of this serial for setting up the loss equations L = MP are retraced here. A change occurs only in the calculation of C23. A numerical example appears in reference 1.
Isolation and identification of estrone, estradiol and estriol in human pregnancy plasma.

ABSTRACT Estrone, estradiol and estriol were isolated from a pool of human pregnancy plasma and identified by the criteria of countercurrent distribution, paper chromatography, infrared spectrophotometry, positive Kober and Barton's color reactions, and purification to constant specific activity following the addition of C14-labeled authentic estrogens. The amounts isolated from the 360 ml. of pooled plasma were 18.6 μg. of estrone, 11.8 μg. of estradiol, and 10.4 μg. of estriol.
Long-term outcome of completion gastrectomy for nonmalignant disease

Between 1989 and 1995 we performed completion gastrectomy for non-malignant disease in 21 patients (11 men and 10 women, mean age 48.4 years). These patients had undergone a total of 48 prior gastric operations. Indications for completion gastrectomy in this group were anastomotic ulceration with stricture in eight patients, alkaline reflux gastritis and/or esophagitis in eight, postsurgical gastroparesis in two, gastroesophageal necrosis in two, and gastrocutaneous fistula in one. Major preoperative symptoms included nausea and vomiting in 16 cases, abdominal pain in 15, dysphagia in 14, heartburn in seven, and weight loss in five. Following completion gastrectomy, five patients (24%) had serious complications and there was one postoperative death (5%). Five patients were lost to follow-up. For the remaining 15 patients, mean follow-up has been 30 months with a range of 1 to 70 months. These patients were all interviewed and eight (53%) report significant improvement, two (13%) report moderate improvement, and four (27%) report no improvement; one patient (7%) has had worsening of symptoms since undergoing completion gastrectomy. The average body weight index was essentially unchanged after completion gastrectomy. We conclude that completion gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy results in a favorable outcome in the majority of selected patients with diseases of the foregut who are unresponsive to less radical treatment.
Models, assumptions and model checking in ecological regressions

Summary. Ecological regression is based on assumptions that are untestable from aggregate data. However, these assumptions seem more questionable in some applications than in others. There has been some research on implicit models of individual data underlying aggregate ecological regression modelling. We discuss ways in which these implicit models can be checked from aggregate data. We also explore the differences in applications of ecological regressions in two examples: estimating the effect of radon on lung cancer in the United States and estimating voting patterns for different ethnic groups in New York City.
Lunar Mare versus terrestrial mid‐ocean ridge basalts: Planetary constraints on basaltic volcanism

Major differences which exist between terrestrial midocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and lunar mare basalts reflect the different planetary characteristics of earth and moon. MORBs are enriched in aluminum and have higher Mg/(Mg + Fe(2+)). These features reflect a more aluminum- and magnesium-rich mantle source for MORBs. Mare basalts are depleted in sodium and potassium relative to MORBs and, consequently, mare feldspars are depleted in the albite component relative to MORB feldspars; these features are a reflection of the alkali-depleted nature of the moon relative to earth. The oxygen fugacities that obtained during MORB petrogenesis follow the quartz-magnetite-fayalite buffer curve very closely, while those of mare basalts are several orders of magnitude lower. This results in reduced valence states for Fe, Cr, and Ti in mare basalts, which, in turn, has a significant effect on mineral-melt partitioning.
The role of flight experiments in the development of cryogenic fluid management technologies

Abstract This paper reviews the history of cryogenic fluid management technology development and infusion into both the Saturn and Centaur vehicles. Ground testing and analysis proved inadequate to demonstrate full scale performance. As a consequence flight demonstration with full scale vehicle was required by both the Saturn and Centaur programs to build confidence that problems were addressed. However; the flight vehicles were highly limited on flight instrumentation and the flight demonstration “locked-in” the design without challenging the function of design elements. Projects reviewed include: the Aerobee Sounding Rocket Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) tests which served as a valuable stepping stone to flight demonstration and built confidence in the ability to handle hydrogen in low gravity; the Saturn IVB Fluid Management Qualification flight test; the Atlas Centaur demonstration flights to develop two burn capability; and finally the Titan Centaur two post mission flight tests.
Semi-automated Rotman lens design focusing on anti-jam performance

We have made a case for semi-automation of RF lens design and described some of the important performance characteristics required of RF lenses to perform well in jamming environments. The semi-automation tools developed by the authors were outlined and shown to not only speed up development time, but also bring to light important realities of Rotman lens performance. Many design iterations with full wave MoM simulation are needed to ensure that the lenses yield acceptable anti-jam characteristics (i.e., low sidelobes). Much research and development work remains to fully understand and control the complex interactions of the many lens design parameters including horn and anechoic section size/shape/position.
Clinicopathologic Correlation of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasms at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute: 2001 to 2010

Purpose To describe the clinical and histologic characteristics of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) lesions and provide clinicopathologic correlation to determine clinical features that may indicate higher-grade lesions. Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 612 consecutive OSSN lesions sent to the Bascom Palmer ocular pathology laboratory from January 1, 2001 to September 20, 2010. Methods Pathologic examination of lesions by a single experienced ocular pathologist (S.R.D.). Review of pathology records and patient charts. Main Outcome Measures Correlation of clinical factors and histology of higher-grade OSSN. Results Over the studied period, 33% of submitted specimens were characterized as mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia; 52% were classified as carcinoma in situ; and 11% were graded as squamous cell carcinoma. Characteristics associated with higher-grade OSSN lesions included male gender, biopsy at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, temporal and superior locations, lack of corneal involvement, papillomatous and nodular appearance, microscopic multifocality, and positive margins on biopsy. Conclusions Certain clinical factors are associated with higher-grade histologic lesions. These findings may help clinicians more accurately evaluate and anticipate the pathologic grade of conjunctival and corneal lesions suspected to be OSSN. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Effect of ACTH on PTH-stimulated bone resorption in vitro

In vitro demonstration of PTH effects requires hormone concentrations greater than the "physiological" concentrations reported by radioimmunoassay or cytochemical assays. This discrepancy could be the result of binding or destruction of PTH at nonbiologically active sites. In the present study, ACTH was found to have no effect by itself on bone resorption, but addiction of ACTH to bone cultures together with low concentrations of PTH resulted in a specific enhancement of PTH-stimulated bone resorption. This effect was not observed when bone resorption was stimulated by PGE2 and 1,25(OH)2D3, and it was blocked by human serum. The effect of ACTH is similar to the enhancement in PTH-stimulated bone resorption by poly-l-lysine [7]. We suggest that the amplification of PTH stimulation was the result of displacement of PTH from nonbiologically active sites, making more PTH available for binding to its biologically active receptor. An alternative explanation for our results was that ACTH prevented degradation of PTH by bone-derived proteolytic enzymes. Thus the sensitivity of bioassays for PTH could be improved by adding ACTH.
Targeted drug delivery by thermally responsive polymers.

This review article summarizes recent results on the development of macromolecular carriers for thermal targeting of therapeutics to solid tumors. This approach employs thermally responsive polymers in conjunction with targeted heating of the tumor. The two thermally responsive polymers that are discussed in this article, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm)) and an artificial elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), were designed to exhibit a soluble-insoluble lower critical solution transition in response to increased temperature slightly above 37 degrees C. In vivo fluorescent videomicroscopy and radiolabel distribution studies of ELP delivery to human tumors implanted in nude mice demonstrated that hyperthermic targeting of the thermally responsive ELP for 1 h provides a approximately two-fold increase in tumor localization compared to the same polypeptide without hyperthermia. Similar results were also obtained for poly(NIPAAm) though the extent of accumulation was somewhat lesser than observed for the ELP. The endocytotic uptake of a thermally responsive ELP was also observed to be significantly enhanced by the thermally triggered phase transition of the polypeptide in cell culture for three different tumor cell lines. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of an ELP-doxorubicin conjugate indicate that the ELP-doxorubicin conjugate has near equivalent cytotoxicity as free doxorubicin in a cell culture assay.
Pseudolysogenic conversion of Azotobacter vinelandii by phage A21 and the formation of a stably converted form.

Abstract Phenotypically converted pseudolysogens are formed when Azotobacter vinelandii strain O is infected with phage A21. The segregation of phage-sensitive host cells that occurs when the pseudolysogen is grown in phage-specific antiserum was studied in two isolates of pseudolysogens that had different rates of segregation. The segregation appears to be based on the random partitioning at cell division of a number of carrier particles such that a daughter cell that does not receive one reverts to the host phenotype. Values for the copy number for two isolates were determined by analysis of the kinetics of segregation. The copy number of 5 for the more rapidly segregating isolate is in agreement with a determination by hybridization that there are about four copies of phage-specific DNA per cell. In a process independent of segregation, pseudolysogens can become stably converted to a species designated here as PC cells. These cells retain the converted phenotype of the pseudolysogen but they can no longer produce phage or segregate host cells. They contain less than one genome equivalent of phage DNA. Some observations have been made on the conditions of formation of PC cells and on their loss of phage-forming ability, but the basis of the underlying process has not been clarified.
Search for λλ hypernuclei in E885 at BNL

Abstract In analysis of the quasi-free cascade production on carbon an upper limit on the decay chaannel (Ξ − , 12 C) atom a λλ 12 B + n was set. Detecting a neutron peak would be strong evidence for the existence of double-λ hypernuclei. A 90% C.L. upper limit of 7% over a range of neutron kinetic energy 5–55 MeV was obtained.
The effect of serotonergic blockade in postpartum preeclamptic patients

Thirty postpartum preeclamptic patients from the University of South Florida Obstetrical Service were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to test the effectiveness of ketanserin in lowering the blood pressure. An intravenous bolus of ketanserin resulted in a significant drop in the mean arterial blood pressure. The decrease in the blood pressure could be maintained by a continuous infusion of ketanserin. Hypertension returned after the medication was discontinued. These observations suggest that ketanserin, a selective blocker of type II serotonin receptors, may be effective in acutely reducing elevated postpartum blood pressure in preeclamptic patients, and that serotonin may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but not be important as a mediator in the severity of the disease.
Reduced synonymous substitution rate at the start of enterobacterial genes.

It has been shown previously that the synonymous substitution rate between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is lower in highly than in weakly expressed genes, and it has been suggested that this is due to stronger selection for translational efficiency in highly expressed genes as reflected in their greater codon usage bias. This hypothesis is tested here by comparing the substitution rate in codon families with different patterns of synonymous codon use. It is shown that the decline in the substitution rate across expression levels is as great for codon families that do not appear to be subject to selection for translational efficiency as for those that are. This implies that selection on translational efficiency is not responsible for the decline in the substitution rate across genes. It is argued that the most likely explanation for this decline is a decrease in the mutation rate. It is also shown that a simple evolutionary model in which synonymous codon use is determined by a balance between mutation, selection for an optimal codon, and genetic drift predicts that selection should have little effect on the substitution rate in the present case.
Custom feedback control: enabling truly scalable on-chip power management for MPSoCs

In this paper, we propose Custom Feedback Control, a new dynamic voltage and frequency control architecture for MP-SoC designs that bridges the gap between the two extreme points on the performance versus implementation cost trade-off curve, i.e., fully-centralized and full-decentralized control architectures. We outline a methodology to efficiently explore the vast design space of Custom Feedback control architectures, enabling designers to synthesize controllers that meet both the performance and implementation cost criteria. Our experimental results on an MPSoC platform running a video-encoding application demonstrate that, for the same energy dissipation, Custom Feedback control can achieve within 5% of the performance of a fully-centralized controller with only 17% of the implementation cost. In contrast, the performance of a fully-decentralized controller can be up to 2.5X worse than that of the fully-centralized controller.
Latinos and Anglos: Cultural Experiences of Grief Intensity

There is little research evidence in the United States literature on grief within the Latino culture. The main purpose of this study was to examine differences in grief intensity, following both sudden and expected death, between groups of Latino and Anglo individuals. Volunteer participants, fifty Latino and fifty Anglo, were surveyed using the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (English version and translated into Spanish) to assess grief intensity. Using primarily a 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance, it was found that Latinos grieving sudden death have a significantly greater grief intensity than Latinos grieving expected death and than Anglos grieving either kind of death. Among participants, neither funeral attendance, time since death, nor closeness of relationship had any significant effect on grief intensity. Additionally, among Latino participants, neither participation in a novena nor acculturation had a significant effect on grief intensity.
Bilateral limbic system destruction in man

We report here a case study of a rare neurological patient with bilateral brain damage encompassing a substantial portion of the so-called "limbic system." The patient, Roger, has been studied in our laboratory for over 14 years, and the current article presents his complete neuroanatomical and neuropsychological profiles. The brain damage occurred in 1980 following an episode of herpes simplex encephalitis. The amount of destroyed neural tissue is extensive and includes bilateral damage to core limbic and paralimbic regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal poles, orbitofrontal cortex, basal forebrain, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex. The right hemisphere is more extensively affected than the left, although the lesions are largely bilateral. Despite the magnitude of his brain damage, Roger has a normal IQ, average to above-average attention, working memory, and executive functioning skills, and very good speech and language abilities. In fact, his only obvious presenting deficits are a dense global amnesia and a severe anosmia and ageusia. Roger's case presents a rare opportunity to advance our understanding of the critical functions underlying the human limbic system, and the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical data presented here provide a critical foundation for such investigations.
Reactivity characteristics of large molecules and their biological activity: Indolealkylamines on the LSD/serotonin receptor

Theoretical quantum mechanical methods for the characterization of molecular reactivity are applied to a series of hydroxy substituted indolealkylamines. A correlation is sought between the reactivity characteristics of these molecules and their biological activity on the LSD/serotonin receptor. The calculations are based on ab initio lcao-scf-mo wave functions. For the analysis of the early stages of drug-receptor interaction, the electrostatic potential fields calculated for the various congeners are compared to the field generated by the most active compound: 5-hydroxytryptamine. A model for the comparative orientation of the active molecules in the series is obtained on the basis of a requirement for matching electrostatic interaction fields. This requirement can be translated into observed differences in the affinity of the molecules for the biological receptor. The hypotheses for subsequent interactions with the receptor at shorter distances are analyzed in terms of the comparative ability of the molecules to interact in polarization-type complexes. The analysis focuses on the different localization of the most active sites in the various molecules. The largest single-orbital contribution to a polarization term E2 in a perturbation expansion of the interaction between the molecule and an attacking charge is shown to come from the highest occupied molecular orbital (homo). This illustrates the relation between the well established frontier density criteria for reactivity and a perturbation representation of the interaction. The localization of homo density is found to match the sites at which the highest percentile contribution to the polarization is calculated. These findings provide a theoretical background for previously obtained correlations between biological activity and electronic structure and answer some of the questions raised by correlations with charges on atoms and frontier densities. All the findings are in excellent qualitative agreement with the biological data on the specific binding of hydroxy substituted indolealkylamines to the LSD receptor, and with data on the pharmacological activity of these compounds.
Barrett's ulcer of the esophagus. Previously unrecognized cause of acquired esophagorespiratory fistula.

Abstract Acquired fistulas between the esophagus and tracheobronchial tree are usually associated with malignancy of the esophagus, lung, or trachea. Less commonly, fistulas result from trauma or inflammation involving these structures. Untreated fistulas of any cause lead to fatal complications of aspiration. Although the prognosis in cases of malignant fistula is poor, the recognition and surgical management of non-malignant fistulas may result in cure. An acquired esophagobronchial fistula resulting from a Barrett's ulcer of the esophagus, a previously unreported cause, is described, and the differential diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant esophagorespiratory fistulas are discussed.
Compressible Laminar Boundary Layers on Sharp Cone at Incidence with Entropy Swallowing

technique. In this equation, W stands for any dependent variable and £,17,$" and u,v, and w coordinates and velocities along the cone generator, in the tangential and in normal directions, respectively. Introducing a second-order finitedifference scheme, the system of nonlinear second-order parabolic equations is reduced to algebraic equations having the tridiagonal form and is solved by an efficient algorithm. The oil coefficients in Eq. (1) are functions of the inviscid flow properties and other dependent variables which are gussed initially and are subsequently updated during the iteration process. The inviscid data used as boundary conditions for the boundary-layer equations was obtained from Jones.4 It is critical for numerical stability of the boundary-layer solutions to use inviscid data which is consistent with the equations to be solved. To generate such a consistent set of the inviscid data for the case of entropy swallowing, the Bernoulli's equation fro compressible flow is used pe pe -h0)=0 (2)
A simple chemically, defined medium for the growth of Aphanomyces euteiches and some other oomycetes

A chemically-defined medium composed of glutathione, D-glucose, DL-asparagine, calcium and magnesium chlorides, and monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphates supported growth of several species of filamentous fungi which include seven isolates ofAphanomyces euteiches and single isolates ofA. leavis, A. stellatus, Achlya ambisexualis and several species ofPythium. Some growth occurred if a stoichiometric equivalent of the amino acids contained in glutathione were substituted for it. Dithiothreitol, a compound which keeps glutathione in the reduced form, inhibited growth ofA. euteiches at the concentrations tested. Replacement of the medium with a solution of known ionic composition caused the fungal colonies to produce and release zoospores and to produce oospores.
Research, publication productivity, and applied social science

The recent growth of applied research creates a new context for studying the correlates of publication productivity among academic social scientists. This paper reports a study of the individual and structural characteristics related to publication productivity among academics in one applied field: social work. In a national sample of social work educators, the primary predictors of publication are tenured status (vs. untenured), attainment of a doctoral degree (vs. masters), and primary interest in research (vs. teaching). The article emphasizes the similarities between social work academics and other academic social scientists, and highlights the links between research interest and training, applied research, and publication productivity.
Molecular and enzymatic characterisation of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin

Defense against oxidative damage can be mediated through glutathione and/or thioredoxin utilising systems. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of a thioredoxin from Schistosoma mansoni. The predicted protein has similarity to previously characterised thioredoxins including conservation of the redox active site. Recombinant six-histidine tagged schistosome thioredoxin had insulin reduction activity and supported the enzymatic function of thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin peroxidase. By Western blotting, all mammalian stages of the schistosome lifecycle expresses thioredoxin. Thioredoxin is present in egg secretory products and antibodies against the recombinant protein produce the circumoval precipitin reaction. This is the first identification of defined antigen producing this reaction. Furthermore, thioredoxin is a novel egg immunogen as it elicits an antibody response in schistosome-infected mice. The most significant IgG production against thioredoxin occurs after parasite oviposition commences. These observations suggest that thioredoxin participates in processes vital to the parasite and may facilitate the passage and survival of eggs across inflamed host tissues.
Selection and use of honey as an antioxidant in a French salad dressing system.

Honeys from various floral sources were analyzed to select for utilization as a sweetener and potential source of antioxidants in the formulation of a salad dressing. On the basis of various indicators of potential antioxidant effectiveness, such as the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay and identification of phenolic profile carried out by HPLC analysis, clover and blueberry honeys were selected. Dressings were stored under accelerated conditions (37 °C) for six weeks and at ambient (23 °C) and refrigeration (4 °C) temperatures for one year. Salad dressings incorporating honey provided protection against oxidation to a degree similar to that of EDTA, as determined by peroxide value and p-anisidine value. This demonstrates the potential for honey to be used as a substitute for EDTA and sweetener (such as HFCS) in commercial salad dressings.
Efficient cosmic-ray production in supernova remnant G347.3-0.5

Abstract Broad-band models of the bright NW limb of G347.3–0.5 give convincing evidence that the forward shock of this supernova remnant is accelerating cosmic rays efficiently, placing >25% of the shock kinetic energy flux into relativistic ions. Despite this high efficiency, the maximum electron and proton energies are well below the observed ‘knee’ at ∼10 15 eV in the Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum.
The place of safety research in transportation research

The place of traffic accidents in the overall public health picture is discussed, and it is noted that traffic safety occupies the intersection of transportation and public health. It is therefore important that the traffic safety community should have important roots in these disciplines. However, the institutional connection between traffic safety and public health is feeble. In transportation research, the safety component hardly exists. The reasons for this are discussed. It is believed that the safety payoffs from the installation phase of the road system have been nearly exhausted. For further progress in traffic safety, it is necessary to go beyond traffic engineering to transportation planning. An obvious procedure for incorporatig safety into transportation analysis is to use the common denominator of cost: safety should be treated as a benefit, and accidents as a cost. Good location of facilities should be considered to be a contribution to traffic safety. Research on public health issues within the transportation context should take two basic directions: an initiative in accident epidemiology; and research into the factoring of public health issues into the transportation and decision-making process.
Cerebral palsy: An overview and the role of a paediatric neurologist in the evaluation of children with complex needs for cochlear implant

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is primarily a non-progressive disorder of movement and posture affecting the developing brain, but many children with CP have other impairments which may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. It is the most common childhood physical disability and affects 2 to 2.5 children per 1,000 born in the developing world. The differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy includes metabolic and genetic disorders. The diagnostic strategy is based on the clinical picture, pattern of development of symptoms, family history, and other factors influencing the probability of specific diagnoses. Targeted laboratory tests and cerebral imaging using magnetic resonance imaging are useful diagnostic tools. Surveillance for associated disabilities such as hearing impairment can help determine the goals of treatment and to improve functionality and quality of life. Children with CP being evaluated for cochlear implant should have assessment by paediatric neurologists to establish the correct d...
hSpry2 is targeted to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway by c-Cbl.

Sprouty was originally identified in a genetic screen in Drosophila as an antagonist of fibroblast (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling [1, 2]. Subsequently, four vertebrate homologs were discovered; among these, the human homolog Sprouty 2 (hSpry2) contains the highest degree of sequence homology to the Drosophila protein [3, 4]. It has been shown that hSpry2 interacts directly with c-Cbl, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, which promotes the downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [5]. In this study, we have investigated the functional consequences of the association between hSpry2 and c-Cbl. We have found that hSpry2 is ubiquitinated by c-Cbl in an EGF-dependent manner. EGF stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of hSpry2, which in turn enhances the interaction of hSpry2 with c-Cbl. The c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination of hSpry2 targets the protein for degradation by the 26S proteasome. An enhanced proteolytic degradation of hSpry2 is also observed in response to FGF stimulation. The FGF-induced degradation of hSpry2 limits the duration of the inhibitory effect of hSpry2 on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and enables the cells to recover their sensitivity to FGF stimulation. Our results indicate that the interaction of hSpry2 with c-Cbl might serve as a mechanism for the downregulation of hSpry2 during receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
Assessing students' theories of success in mathematics: Individual and classroom differences.

Scales assessing Task Orientation (where the goal is to gain understanding) and Ego Orientation (where the goal is to be superior to others) in mathematics were administered to six secondgrade classes with a total of 102 students. Task Orientation was associated with the beliefs that success in mathematics is fostered by effort, attempts to make sense of things, and cooperation with one's peers. Ego Orientation was associated with the beliefs that success depends on superior ability and attempts to beat others. Perceived ability was not appreciably associated with these motivational orientations. One second-grade class that had experienced, for one year, mathematics instruction consistent with a constructivist view rated higher than traditional classes on Task Orientation, beliefs that success depends on attempts to understand, and cooperation with peers. This class was lower on the desire for superiority over one's friends (an aspect of Ego Orientation), desire to avoid work, and beliefs that success depends on superior ability. It did not differ from others on perceived ability. The results suggest the validity of the present scales and the value of employing a wider than usual range of indices when assessing the outcomes of mathematics teaching practices.
AN EVALUATION OF SELECTED PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METABOLISM OF ENZYMATICALLY SEPARATED MESOPHYLL CELLS AND MINOR VEINS OF TOBACCO

An enzymatic digestion procedure is presented which allows for the isolation of large quantities of mesophyll cells and minor veins of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. 'Wisconsin 38'. Isolated mesophyll cells exhibited C02 fixation rates in excess of 150 ,umoles C02 mg chlV'hr-', while bundles consistently fixed CO2 at much lower rates, viz. 10-20 umoles CO2 mg chlV'hr-'. Various physical and biochemical parameters of the isolates have been compared with intact leaf
Illumination‐based normalization for wave‐equation depth migration

Illumination problems caused by finite‐recording aperture and lateral velocity lensing can bias amplitudes in migration results. In this paper, I develop a normalization scheme appropriate for wave‐equation migration algorithms that compensates for irregular illumination. I generate synthetic seismic data over a reference reflectivity model, using the adjoint of wave‐equation shot‐profile migration as the forward modeling operator. I then migrate the synthetic data with the same shot‐profile algorithm. The ratio between the synthetic migration result and the initial reference model is a measure of seismic illumination. Dividing the true data migration result by this illumination function mitigates the illumination problems. The methodology can take into account reflector dip as well as both shot and receiver geometries, and, because it is based on wave‐equation migration, it naturally models the finite‐frequency effects of wave propagation. The reference model should be as close to the true model as possi...
Improved upper and lower bounds for modal logics of programs

We describe novel techniques for establishing improved upper and lower bounds for modal logics of programs: 1) We introduce hybrid tree automata. These automata seems to be doubly exponential more powerful than Rabin tree automata but their emptiness problem is only exponentially harder (nondeterministic exponential time vs. nondeterministic polynomial time). The satisfiability problem for several logics is reducible to the emptiness problem for hybrid tree automata. Using this reduction we show that the satisfiability problems for Streett's delta-PDL. Kozen's m-calculus and Parikh's game logic are solvable in nondeterministic exponential time, and the satisfiability problem for Emerson and Halpern's CTL and Vardi and Wolper's process logic (YAPL) are solvable in nondeterministic doubly exponential time. 2) We encode Turing machine computations by Kripke structures where every state in the structure represents a single tape cell. This yields a deterministic doubly exponential time lower bound for CTL and YAPL. 3) For variants of CTL and YAPL that deal only with finite computations we prove completeness for deterministic doubly exponential time.
The binding between p67 and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 plays important roles in the protection of eIF2α from phosphorylation by kinases

Abstract Phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is the major regulatory step in the initiation of protein synthesis in mammals. P67, a cellular glycoprotein, protects phosphorylation of eIF2α from kinases. Previously, we reported that the D6/2 mutant of p67 has higher levels of protection of eIF2α phosphorylation (POEP) activity. In this study, we report that the D6/2 mutant and its double mutants containing second-site alanine substitutions at the five conserved amino acid residues (D251, D262, H331, E364, and E459) show increased POEP activity in serum-starved rat tumor hepatoma cells. Serum-restoration to those cells did not abolish their increased POEP activity except the D6/2+H331A double mutant. The latter mutant shows slight inhibition of POEP activity during serum starvation and this inhibition increased significantly during serum restoration. KRC-7 cells constitutively expressing the D6/2 mutant showed slightly decreased levels of PKR phosphorylation and significantly low level of phosphorylation of ERKs 1 and 2. The D6/2 mutant also showed increased binding with eIF2α and eIF2γ and almost similar binding with ERKs 1 and 2 as compared to wild type p67. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the increased binding of the D6/2 mutant with the subunits of eIF2 may be in part the cause for its high POEP activity.
Fetal abdominal circumference for prediction of intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract Objective: To evaluate fetal abdominal circumference (AC) measurement for the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in fetuses with known gestational age (GA). Method: Ultrasound AC measures and birth weight data were compiled in a database and analyzed. Abdominal circumference percentages (by Hadlock) and actual birth weight percentages were used. Receiver-operator curves for prediction of birth weights less than 5% and less than 10% were generated. Results: Data from 2,200 cases were identified that were greater than 36 weeks of gestation and received an ultrasound examination within 7 days of delivery. When compared with the U.S. national birth weight standard, 7.2% were below 5% and 12.9% were below 10% for GA. Analysis of receiver-operator characteristics indicates that 25% AC and 30% AC are the most sensitive predictors of birth weights less than 5% and 10%, respectively. Conclusions : Use of AC in fetuses of known GA near term is a useful method of assessing for IUGR when estimating fetal weight is difficult due to inaccurate femur length or biparietal diameter measures. legend . AC legend Birth weight Birth weight Sens. Spec. PPV NPV Sens. Spec. PPV NPV 5% 49.7 97.8 63 96 31.1 98.2 80 99 10% 67.1 94.5 49 97 53.3 96.5 70 93 15% 79.7 89.8 38 98 68.9 92.8 58 93 20% 84.6 84.7 30 99 75.5 87.9 48 96 25% 88.1 78.6 24 99 84.4 82.4 42 97 30% 90.2 73.0 20 99 88.3 76.9 36 98 legend Sens. indicates sensitivity; Spec., specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
Plasticity of Tetramer Formation by Retinoid X Receptors AN ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM FOR DNA RECOGNITION

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are transcription factors that traditionally have been thought to bind DNA as protein dimers. Recently, however, it has been recognized that RXRs can also bind to DNA as protein tetramers. Receptor tetramers form cooperatively on response elements containing suitably reiterated half-sites, and play an important role in determining the specificity of DNA recognition by different nuclear receptors. We report here that RXR tetramers exhibit significant functional plasticity, and form on response elements possessing diverse half-site orientations and spacings. This ability of RXRs to form tetramers and related oligomers appears to contribute to the synergistic transcriptional activation observed when multiple, spatially separated response elements are introduced into a single promoter. Oligomerization may therefore be a common paradigm for DNA recognition and combinatorial regulation by several different classes of transcription factors.
U-Th-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology of middle Proterozoic granite and augen gneiss, Salmon River Mountains, east-central Idaho

Coarsely porphyritic granite and augen gneiss in east-central Idaho have been dated by the U-Th-Pb zircon method. When plotted on concordia diagrams, the results give nonlinear data arrays that indicate the presence of at least one component of inherited radiogenic lead, as well as postcrystallization, probably recent, episodic lead-loss.Nevertheless, a systematic relationship between zircon size and convergence of the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages for the +100- and -100+150-mesh fractions from several samples are interpreted to provide a valid age of about 1,370 m.y. for these plutons. A single sample which is free of inheritance for all size fractions confirms this conclusion. Rb-Sr whole-rock samples are highly enriched in radiogenic strontium but do not define an isochron, probably because the system did not remain closed following crystallization of the plutons. Intrusive contacts of the granitic rocks indicate that deformation and regional metamorphism of the host Yellowjacket Formation occurred prior to 1370 Ma, rather than prior to 1500 Ma as previously suggested by others. This refinement of the geochronology (1) removes the necessity that the Yellowjacket Formation and overlying Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks of central and east-central Idaho be pre-Belt in age; (2) permits the traditional age correlation of the east-central Idaho metasedimentary sequence (Yellowjacket through Lawson Creek Formations) with the Belt Supergroup; and (3) suggests that a re-evaluation is in order for paleogeographic models of central Idaho, especially the proposed topographic high known as the Salmon River Arch.