cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis for manufacturability: a sanity check

As we move towards nanometer technology, manufacturing problems become overwhelmingly difficult to solve. Presently, optimization for manufacturability is performed at a post-synthesis stage and has been shown capable of reducing manufacturing cost up to 10%. As in other cases, raising the abstraction layer where optimization is applied is expected to yield substantial gains. This paper focuses on a new approach to design for manufacturability: logic synthesis for manufacturability. This methodology consists of replacing the traditional area-driven technology mapping with a new manufacturability-driven one. We leverage existing logic synthesis tools to test our method. The results obtained by using STMicroelectronics 0.13 /spl mu/m library confirm that this approach is a promising solution for designing circuits with lower manufacturing cost, while retaining performance. Finally, we show that our synthesis for manufacturability can achieve even larger cost reduction when yield-optimized cells are added to the library, thus enabling a wider area-yield tradeoff exploration.
The impact of hourly discharge rates and prioritization on timely access to inpatient beds

We develop an empirically calibrated hospital-wide simulation model to represent a time-varying, multiserver queuing network with multiple patient classes. The focus is on quantifying the impact of discharge profiles to alleviate inpatient bed congestions. A discharge profile is defined by (a) discharge window, which specifies hours of the day discharges are allowed; and (b) the maximum capacity for discharges in each hour of the window. Results of our simulation model show that a more responsive policy that prioritizes discharges in units with longer admission queues can significantly reduce waiting times (40% reduction in queues). In comparison, an early in the day discharge policy has a lower impact on improving bed congestions; we also find that early in the day discharges are very hard to realize in practice. Further, expanding the discharge windows by only 2 hours in the evening (7-9 PM) creates the same benefit, and is more realistic.
Temperature modulation of electric fields in biological matter

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) have become an important minimally invasive surgical technology for various applications including genetic engineering, electrochemotherapy and tissue ablation. This study explores the hypothesis that temperature dependent electrical parameters of tissue can be used to modulate the outcome of PEF protocols, providing a new means for controlling and optimizing this minimally invasive surgical procedure. This study investigates two different applications of cooling temperatures applied during PEF. The first case utilizes an electrode which simultaneously delivers pulsed electric fields and cooling temperatures. The subsequent results demonstrate that changes in electrical properties due to temperature produced by this configuration can substantially magnify and confine the electric fields in the cooled regions while almost eliminating electric fields in surrounding regions. This method can be used to increase precision in the PEF procedure, and eliminate muscle contractions and damage to adjacent tissues. The second configuration considered introduces a third probe that is not electrically active and only applies cooling boundary conditions. This second study demonstrates that in this probe configuration the temperature induced changes in electrical properties of tissue substantially reduce the electric fields in the cooled regions. This novel treatment can potentially be used to protect sensitive tissues from the effect of the PEF. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this investigation is that temperature is a powerful and accessible mechanism to modulate and control electric fields in biological tissues and can therefore be used to optimize and control PEF treatments.
Why do developers neglect exception handling

In this paper, we explore the problems associated with exception handling from a new dimension: the human. We designed a study that evaluates (1) different perspectives of software developers to understand how they perceive exception handling and what methods they adopt to deal with exception handling constructs, and (2) the usefulness of a visualization tool that we developed in previous work for exception handling. We describe the design of our study, present details about the study's participants, describe the interviews we conducted with the participants, present the results of the study, and discuss what we learned from the study. Based on our analysis, we suggest several future directions, including the proposal of a new role for the software-development process---exception engineer, who works closely with software developers throughout all phases of the software-development life cycle and who concentrates on the integration of exception handling into the core functionality of programs.
Apoptosis-regulated low-avidity cancer-specific CD8(+) T cells can be rescued to eliminate HER2/neu-expressing tumors by costimulatory agonists in tolerized mice.

A major barrier to vaccines in cancer treatment is their failure to activate and maintain a complete cancer-specific CD8+ effector T-cell repertoire. Low-avidity T cells are more likely to escape clonal deletion in the thymus when compared with high-avidity T cells, and therefore comprise the major population of effector T cells available for activation in patients with cancer. However, low-avidity T cells fail to traffic into the tumor microenvironment and function in eradicating tumor under optimal vaccination conditions as opposed to high-avidity T cells that escape clonal deletion and function in tumor killing. We used high- and low-avidity T-cell receptor transgenic CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope HER2/neu (RNEU420–429) to identify signaling pathways responsible for the inferior activity of the low-avidity T cells. Adoptive transfer of these cells into tumor-bearing vaccinated mice identified the members of apoptosis pathways that are upregulated in low-avidity T cells. The increased expression of proapoptotic proteins by low-avidity T cells promoted their own cell death and also that of other tumor-specific CD8+ T cells within their local environment. Importantly, we show that this proapoptotic effect can be overcome by using a strong costimulatory signal that prevents the activation-induced cell death and enables the low-avidity T cells to traffic into the tumor and assist in tumor clearance. These findings identify new therapeutic opportunities for activating the most potent anticancer T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(4); 307–19. ©2014 AACR.
Early Childhood Practitioner Involvement in Functional Behavioral Assessment and Function-Based Interventions: A Literature Review.

Reviewers analyzed studies published from 1990 to 2012 to determine early childhood practitioner involvement in functional behavioral assessment (FBA) and function-based behavioral intervention pla...
Observations on the Stereodynamic Behavior of Mono‐ and Polynuclear Iron Carbonyl Compounds Including a Survey of M(CO)3 Scrambling Processes

It has been shown conclusively by the observation of 57Fe–13C coupling (J = 8.3 Hz) that in Fe3(CO)12 the scrambling is intramolecular and that all of the CO groups have equal access to all three of the iron atoms. This result is fully in accord with the scrambling mechanism proposed in an earlier paper from this laboratory. We have found that for axially substituted amine derivatives of iron pentacarbonyl, AmFe(CO)4, the activation energy for CO scrambling is raised from the extremely low value (ca. 2 kcal mol−1) characteristic of Fe(CO)5 to a range (ca. 5.0–5.5 kcal mol−1) such that the coalescence temperatures are at, or very near, the threshold (ca. – 150°C) of experimental observation. The crystal and molecular structures of (1,2-C4H4N2)Fe(CO)4 are also reported. The molecular structure is very similar to those of the (C5H5N)Fe(CO)4 and (1,4-C4H4N2)Fe(CO)4 compounds. The space group is P21/n with unit cell dimensions a = 6.487(1)A, b = 11.331(3)A, c = 14.226(3)A, β = 107.85(2)A, V = 995.3(4)A3. Finally, in the compound (C9H8O)Fe(CO)3, where C9H8O is derived from barbaralone, the scrambling of the three CO groups proceeds in a concerted manner with an activation energy of 16.5(3) kcal mol−1. The available data for CO scrambling in M(CO)3 moieties in general is summarized and discussed.
EffiCuts: optimizing packet classification for memory and throughput

Packet Classification is a key functionality provided by modern routers. Previous decision-tree algorithms, HiCuts and HyperCuts, cut the multi-dimensional rule space to separate a classifier's rules. Despite their optimizations, the algorithms incur considerable memory overhead due to two issues: (1) Many rules in a classifier overlap and the overlapping rules vary vastly in size, causing the algorithms' fine cuts for separating the small rules to replicate the large rules. (2) Because a classifier's rule-space density varies significantly, the algorithms' equi-sized cuts for separating the dense parts needlessly partition the sparse parts, resulting in many ineffectual nodes that hold only a few rules. We propose EffiCuts which employs four novel ideas: (1) Separable trees: To eliminate overlap among small and large rules, we separate all small and large rules. We define a subset of rules to be separable if all the rules are either small or large in each dimension. We build a distinct tree for each such subset where each dimension can be cut coarsely to separate the large rules, or finely to separate the small rules without incurring replication. (2) Selective tree merging: To reduce the multiple trees' extra accesses which degrade throughput, we selectively merge separable trees mixing rules that may be small or large in at most one dimension. (3) Equi-dense cuts: We employ unequal cuts which distribute a node's rules evenly among the children, avoiding ineffectual nodes at the cost of a small processing overhead in the tree traversal. (4) Node Co-location: To achieve fewer accesses per node than HiCuts and HyperCuts, we co-locate parts of a node and its children. Using ClassBench, we show that for similar throughput EffiCuts needs factors of 57 less memory than HyperCuts and of 4-8 less power than TCAM.
Inferring Absence of Houston Toads Given Imperfect Detection Probabilities

Researchers commonly use auditory surveys to determine the presence of anuran species (Bridges and Dorcas 2000, Crouch and Paton 2002, Schmidt 2003, Pierce and Gutzweiller 2004, U.S. Geological Survey 2005). Researchers conduct the surveys during the breeding season when the species of interest are vocalizing to attract mates. Researchers record environmental conditions and listen for the call of interest. In one such method, trained observers use auditory cues alone to detect and monitor the presence or absence of endangered Houston toads (Bufo houstonensis; Forstner and Swannack 2004). The Houston toad is endemic to eastcentral Texas, USA, and was first listed as an endangered species in 1970. Observers in this program train for several seasons in detection and differentiation of calls, and they must have certification from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). However, one problem with any in situ sampling method is that detection of organisms is imperfect (Kery 2002, MacKenzie et al. 2002, Schmidt 2003, Bailey et al. 2004). A conclusion of absence may simply be an artifact of the survey scheme, rather than actual absence. The USFWS provides explicit guidelines for audio call surveys to federally permitted individuals. The guidelines delineate the appropriate season, weather conditions, duration, and number of surveys required in a season. One of the specified guidelines is the completion of, at minimum, 6 survey nights during suitable season and weather conditions. The ability to detect Houston toads reliably with this survey protocol is a concern of the USFWS and necessary for effective management of this species. The number of auditory surveys needed to determine the presence or absence of a single species, the Houston toad, accurately is the focus of this study. This is a pressing concern when monitoring an endangered species such as the Houston toad. We estimated the probability of detecting Houston toads when present (detection probability) and used these probabilities to determine the number of surveys required to be confident in a verdict of Houston toad absence from potential breeding sites. Study Area
O quebra-cabeça do "método científico"

This is a translation of 'The Puzzle of "Scientific Method"', published in Revue Internationale de Philosophie (Issue on Quine), vol. 51 (1997), pp. 495–505. We thank the author and the editors for their kind permission to publish the present translation.
Changes in plasma glutathione concentrations, turnover, and disposal in developing rats

We have previously shown that sinusoidal reduced glutathione (GSH) efflux declines during development because of a declining maximum transport rate [Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 24): G648-G656, 1991]. Because rat liver serves as the principal source of plasma GSH, we studied the response of plasma GSH to this declining inflow from liver. In immature (28- to 42-day) and mature (90- to 151-day) rats we injected tracer boluses of [35S]GSH intravenously and collected arterial samples over a 0.75- to 8-min interval while plasma GSH pool remained at steady state. Concentrations and radioactivities of GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine (CYSH), cystine (CYSS), and cysteine-glutathione disulfides (CYSSG) and the radio-activities of proteins were measured in plasma. Our results show the following changes in plasma concentrations (microM): decreases in unbound (free) GSH (26.0 +/- 2.1 to 12.4 +/- 0.98; P 44-49% of plasma IDR. Thus perfused liver appears to underestimate the true rate of sinusoidal GSH efflux taking place in vivo. Some earlier arteriovenous data and our present portal vein-to-hepatic vein difference measurements appear to corroborate this view.
Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.

Influenza is often complicated by bacterial pathogens that colonize the nasopharynx and invade the middle ear and/or lung epithelium. Incidence and pathogenicity of influenza-bacterial coinfections are multifactorial processes that involve various pathogenic virulence factors and host responses with distinct site- and strain-specific differences. Animal models and kinetic models have improved our understanding of how influenza viruses interact with their bacterial co-pathogens and the accompanying immune responses. Data from these models indicate that considerable alterations in epithelial surfaces and aberrant immune responses lead to severe inflammation , a key driver of bacterial acquisition and infection severity following influenza. However, further experimental and analytical studies are essential to determining the full mechanistic spectrum of different viral and bacterial strains and species and to finding new ways to prevent and treat influenza-associated bacterial coinfections. Here, we review recent advances regarding transmission and disease potential of influenza-associated bacterial infections and discuss the current gaps in knowledge.
A semantic approach for automated test oracle generation

This paper presents the design, implementation, and applications of a software testing tool, TAO, which allows users to specify and generate test cases and oracles in a declarative way. Extended from its previous grammar-based test generation tool, TAO provides a declarative notation for defining denotational semantics on each productive grammar rule, such that when a test case is generated, its expected semantics will be evaluated automatically as well, serving as its test oracle. TAO further provides a simple tagging mechanism to embed oracles into test cases for bridging the automation between test case generation and software testing. Two practical case studies are used to illustrate how automated oracle generation can be effectively integrated with grammar-based test generation in different testing scenarios: locating fault-inducing input patterns on Java applications; and Selenium-based automated web testing. HighlightsTAO provides a declarative framework for automated test and oracle generation.TAO integrates test and oracle generation as a whole to promote better automated software testing.TAO is the first attempt to apply the methodology of denotational semantics in test and oracle generation.
Control of Si-SiO2 Interface Properties in MOS Devices Prepared by Plasma-Assisted and Rapid Thermal Processes

This paper describes the preparation of silicon-based metal oxide semiconductor, MOS, devices, capacitors and field effect transistors, FETs, using deposited oxide dielectrics. A critical aspect of the device fabrication process is the way the Si-SiO2 interface is formed; e.g., either before, during, or after the oxide deposition. We have studied different methods of fabricating Si-SiO2 heterostructures, and have concluded that the implementation of independently controllable and sequential process steps for (i) interface formation, and (ii) oxide deposition consistently yields MOS devices with electrical properties that are superior to those of devices fabricated under other processing conditions which include specifically interface formation during the oxide deposition.
Pathologic Effects of Plasma From Patients With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura on Platelets and Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells

The pathologic hallmarks of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) include endothelial cell proliferation and subendothelial hyalin deposits in the microvasculature leading to symptomatic thrombotic occlusions. Plasma or sera from three consecutive patients with TTP were subjected to multiple analyses to determine whether they induce endothelial injury and/or platelet activation, two pathogenic mechanisms that may account for this disorder. Sera were utilized in a microcytotoxicity assay against cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC). These cells were assessed ultrastructurally and with immunofluorescence techniques to ascertain the nature of inflicted cell damage. Control plasmas were obtained from healthy volunteers as well as patients with immune complex disease and the adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the presence of TTP serum, cell kill of 3H-proline-labeled EC averaged 42% versus 8.6% for control sera. Cytotoxicity induced by an IgG fraction of TTP sera averaged 70% versus 16.8% for control IgG. Removal of IgG by immune precipitation diminished cytotoxicity by 70%. Using indirect immunofluorescence, IgG was detected on EC incubated with TTP serum but not on EC treated with control serum. Ultrastructural changes became apparent within 30 min after exposure of cultured EC to TTP serum. Virtually every cell developed numerous cytoplasmic inclusions rarely seen in EC in the presence of normal serum. Prolonged incubation with the TTP serum led to progressive cytolysis, terminating with complete cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration. Plasma from all three patients with TTP caused spontaneous aggregation of normal washed platelets as monitored by aggregometry. No spontaneous aggregation occurred in response to control plasmas. These results indicate that the sera of the three TTP patients studied were able to mediate time-dependent immune destruction of human cultured endothelial cells and that their plasmas were capable of causing spontaneous aggregation of normal human platelets in vitro. It would seem likely that these mechanisms are also operative in vivo to produce the endothelial destruction as well as the thrombotic vascular occlusions seen in this disorder.
Introduction: Power, Process and Crisis

On 3 March 1974, a Turkish Airline (THY-Turk Hava Yollari) DC10 initiated its Istanbul-Paris-London flight with about 200 passengers on board. Most were vacationers; 50 were going to Paris. Normally, few new travellers boarded THY for its Paris-London leg; the Paris stop was mostly a maintenance-necessitated ‘pit-stop’. This time was different. A recent strike had grounded British European Airlines and wreaked havoc with flights all over Europe. Travellers attempting to return to London were forced into all kinds of re-routings, many through Paris’ Orly International Airport. Once there, a great rush was on for any flight with a London destination. Consequently, THY Flight 981 started its takeoff roll with only 11 empty seats.
Effects of participation in physical education on achievement in selected characteristics.

Abstract This study was to determine the effect of varying degrees of participation in physical education on achievement in selected characteristics. Subjects for the study were college women. One group was assigned to participate in the required program for one year, a second group for two years; a third group was not enrolled in physical education; a fourth group was given the option of electing or not electing physical education. Characteristics studied were knowledge, posture, recreational proficiency, and some aspects of physical fitness. At the end of one year, participators differed significantly from non-participators in posture, knowledge, and pull-ups. At the end of two years, those required to participate differed significantly from all other subjects in posture and knowledge. There was some evidence that the two-year group was superior in performance on some aspects of fitness. Participators were judged to be generally more proficient in recreational activities than nonparticipators who claime...
Abstract 4237: Decreased hypoxia in a HER2+ breast cancer model following trastuzumab therapy

Introduction: Hypoxic tumors demonstrate treatment resistance with an increased risk of metastasis. Therefore, alleviating hypoxia has potential to improve efficiency of combination therapies. The primary goal of this study is to quantify alterations in hypoxia in response to trastuzumab in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer through imaging and histology. Experimental Design: Mice were implanted subcutaneously with BT474 breast cancer cells (10 7 ) and randomly assigned into treated (10 mg/kg trastuzumab) or control (saline) groups. After tumors reached ∼250 mm 3 , animals (n = 32) were utilized to identify longitudinal changes in functional vascular through an intravenous injection of Hoechst 33342 nuclear stain (immediately prior to sacrifice) and hypoxia through pimonidazole intravenous injection (one hour prior to sacrifice). Tumors were extracted for immunofluorescence between days 0 through 7. Tumor sections were flash frozen and stained with anti-pimonidazole and propidium iodide (nuclear counterstain). Additionally, a set of tumors (n = 36) were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry (days 0 through 7), formalin fixed and stained for CA-IX. All stained sections were scanned in high resolution (20×) and quantitatively analyzed with Leica SCN400 software. Another cohort of animals (n = 10) were imaged with 18 F-FMISO (fluoromisonidazole) PET between days 0 through 7 and quantified via mean tracer concentration (%ID/g). Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly increased hypoxia in the control group compared to treated on days 3 (p = 0.03) and 7 (p = 0.002), as measured through CA-IX staining. Additionally, on day 4, functional vascular delivery was increased while hypoxia (pimonidazole) decreased in treated tumors compared to control. 18 F-FMISO PET imaging corroborated histology findings with significantly decreased hypoxia in treated tumors compared to control tumors on day 7 (-47%; p Conclusion: Trastuzumab has been shown to decrease hypoxia, as measured through gold-standard immunofluorescence. Additionally, this trastuzumab-induced improvement in tumor hypoxia can be measured via clinically relevant, noninvasive imaging ( 18 F-FMISO PET). Temporarily improving the tumor9s functional vasculature and decreasing hypoxia during trastuzumab treatment has potential to enhance the effectiveness of combination therapies. Identifying windows of improved vascular and cellular normalization with noninvasive medical imaging provide opportunity to decrease resistance to standard-of-care treatments and optimize therapeutic timing and regimens. Citation Format: Anna G. Sorace, C. Chad Quarles, Violeta Sanchez, Thomas E. Yankeelov. Decreased hypoxia in a HER2 + breast cancer model following trastuzumab therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4237.
Ag–Pt Compositional Intermetallics Made from Alloy Nanoparticles

Intermetallics are compounds with long-range structural order that often lies in a state of thermodynamic minimum. They are usually considered as favorable structures for catalysis due to their high activity and robust stability. However, formation of intermetallic compounds is often regarded as element specific. For instance, Ag and Pt do not form alloy in bulk phase through the conventional metallurgy approach in almost the entire range of composition. Herein, we demonstrate a bottom-up approach to create a new Ag–Pt compositional intermetallic phase from nanoparticles. By thermally treating the corresponding alloy nanoparticles in inert atmosphere, we obtained an intermetallic material that has an exceptionally narrow Ag/Pt ratio around 52/48 to 53/47, and a structure of interchangeable closely packed Ag and Pt layers with 85% on tetrahedral and 15% on octahedral sites. This rather unique stacking results in wavy patterns of Ag and Pt planes revealed by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM)....
Gate-induced band-to-band tunneling leakage current in LDD MOSFETs

Theoretical and experimental studies are presented to model the gate-induced drain leakage(GIDL) current due to band-to-band tunneling, which is one of the major leakage components in off-state MOSFETs. The model shows a good agreement with the experimental data for more than 7 decades of current magnitudes. Therefore the impact of this tunneling leakage current can be correctly evaluated. Based on this model, the impact of GIDL on low off-state leakage drain engineering and on oxide scaling is investigated. >
Synthesizing Information From Language Samples and Standardized Tests in School-Age Bilingual Assessment.

Purpose Although language samples and standardized tests are regularly used in assessment, few studies provide clinical guidance on how to synthesize information from these testing tools. This stud...
COMPARISON OF THE NOVEL METHOD VERSUS THE FRIEDEWALD EQUATION IN ESTIMATING LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL BASED ON FASTING STATUS

Background: New recommendations favoring non-fasting lipid assessment may impact accuracy of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) estimation, especially at low levels. The novel method (LDL-CN) of LDL-C estimation, using a flexible 180-cell approach, may offer an advantage in non-fasting
Correlation of microbiomic profiles with disease status and MDR1 methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

5573 Background: Recent studies of the aerodigestive tract have uncovered the functional importance of the microbiome, the total collection of microorganisms that reside within the human host. Furt...
On quantifying diffusion of health information on Twitter

With the increasing use of digital technologies, online social networks are emerging as major means of communication. Recently, social networks such as Facebook and Twitter are also being used by consumers, care providers (physicians, hospitals), and government agencies to share health related information. The asymmetric user network and the short message size have made Twitter particularly popular for propagating health related content on the Web. Besides tweeting on their own, users can choose to retweet particular tweets from other users (even if they do not follow them on Twitter.) Thus, a tweet can diffuse through the Twitter network via the follower-friend connections. In this paper, we report results of a pilot study we conducted to quantitatively assess how health related tweets diffuse in the directed follower-friend Twitter graph through the retweeting activity. Our effort includes (1). development of a retweet collection and Twitter retweet graph formation framework and (2). a preliminary analysis of retweet graphs and associated diffusion metrics for health tweets. Given the ambiguous nature (due to polysemy and sarcasm) of health relatedness of tweets collected with keyword based matches, our initial study is limited to « 200 health related tweets (which were manually verified to be on health topics) each with at least 25 retweets. To our knowledge, this is first attempt to study health information diffusion on Twitter through retweet graph analysis.
Radek Kundt, Contemporary Evolutionary Theories of Culture and the Study of Religion (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic), 192 pp. ISBN: 978-1-47423-224-1. $102.60 hbk, ISBN: 978-1-35003-707-6. $39.95 pbk.

Radek Kundt, Contemporary Evolutionary Theories of Culture and the Study of Religion (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic), 192 pp. ISBN: 978-1-47423-224-1. $102.60 hbk, ISBN: 978-1-35003-707-6. $39.95 pbk.
The Measurement of Consumer Attitudes Concerning Software Quality

This article describes the development of an instrument designed to measure consumer attitudes concerning software quality. Operationalizing the construct software quality includes the dimensions of communication, completeness, features, flexibility, in..
Ion Channel Localization in Cell Bodies and Dendrites

Neurons are highly polarized cells made up of a soma, a large dendritic tree, and an axonal region. The unique complement of ion channels in the somatodendritic and axonal regions is one of the important factors in determining the functioning of an individual neuron. The pattern of localization for a specific ion over the somatodendritic region can vary from region to region or even among cell types. However, general trends of localization often emerge and are identifiable for a given ion channel. This article summarizes the general and specific patterns of somatodendritic localization of voltage-gated sodium, calcium, and potassium channels.
Planning and learning in a design domain: the problems plan interactions

An important issue in planning is the problem of dealing with goal and plan interactions that arise when planning for multiple goals. The current solutions to this problem have all been within a paradigm of planning for individual goals separately, (using domain specific planning knowledge) and then dealing with whatever interactions arise upon merging them, (using domain independent knowledge of plan interactions). This paradigm, unfortunately, has resulted in planners that lack a vocabulary which would allow them make use of their abstract knowledge of plan interactions when planning for problematic multiple goal situations that have already been encountered and planned for.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Rehospitalization following Expanded Criteria Donor Kidney Transplantation.

Background. Expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys are commonly used but are associated with increased graft failure. Graft failure is in turn related to rehospitalization within thirty days post transplant. Our goal was to determine whether ECD kidneys independently lead to rehospitalization within 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years after transplant. Methods. All adult first-time recipients of deceased donor kidneys transplanted from 2003–2012 at our center were reviewed. Models included demographics, medical comorbidities, center for disease control high-risk kidney, ECD kidney, ischemia times, cause of renal failure, immunosuppressive regimen, positive psychiatric screening, alcoholism, surgeon, year the transplant was performed, years on dialysis before transplant, and the number of inpatient hospitalizations within 6 months prior to transplant. We conducted Andersen–Gill modeling and propensity score matching followed by logistic regression. We also used multivariable linear regression to predict average length of stay during rehospitalization. Results. More ECD patients had a rehospitalization at 1 year (70.3% versus 59%, log-rank test ). Thirty-day and 2-year time marks were not significant. Andersen–Gill models predicting successive hospitalizations yielded HR of 1.42 ( ) and 1.32 ( ) for ECD patients at 1 and 2 years of after transplantation, respectively. Propensity score matching and logistic regression showed a significant relative risk of 1.630 at one year ( ) and 1.313 at two years ( ). There was no significant association between ECD and subsequent lengths of hospital stay. Conclusion. Receiving an ECD kidney is independently associated with multiple readmissions within 2 years of transplant but unrelated to length of stay.
Systematic Review of Human Trafficking Educational Interventions for Health Care Providers

Human trafficking is a global population health threat. Trafficking minors threatens the safety and well-being of youth. Limited studies measure health care providers' awareness and attitudes toward trafficking. This systematic review synthesized retrospective and current knowledge and identified gaps in educational interventions aimed at increasing providers' awareness and attitudes toward trafficking. A systematic search of four databases identified peer-reviewed published papers between January 1, 2000 and September 1, 2018. The Cochrane Collaboration's Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews was followed. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. The Psychometric Grading Framework was used to assess the validity of instruments. Findings across studies (N = 7) reveal providers (mostly social workers and physicians) have low awareness of trafficking and can have negative attitudes toward victims. Multiphase educational approaches and use of content experts, including survivors, in developing interventions enhanced sustainability of outcomes. Targeting multidisciplinary health care teams, including nurses, enhanced interventions.
System Design and Optimization of In-Route Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Shared Automated Electric Vehicles

Deploying shared automated electric vehicles (SAEVs) on current roadways in cities will significantly shape current transportation systems and make our urban mobility systems more efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly. Utilizing wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to charge the SAEVs provides perfect fits for realizing a fully automated mobility system. However, the investment in wireless charging infrastructure (WCI) presents a critical barrier for commercializing and adopting this technology. The barrier can be cleared by realizing the proper design of the WPT system that maximizes the benefits and minimizes the cost of WCI at the same time. This paper introduces a system design optimization tool and methodology for WCI for serving fixed-route SAEVs in automated mobility districts (AMDs). The tool offers the capability of integrating driving data (simulated or collected from the real world), vehicle parameters (e.g., battery, motor, dimensions, and so on), and wireless charger characteristics (rate, locations, alignment, and so on) to generate energy and state-of-charge profiles for each vehicle, considering motoring, regenerative braking, and charging. Furthermore, the proposed tool incorporates a multi-objective optimization layer for searching the optimum design parameters based on predefined objectives and constraints. The proposed method was utilized to design the WCI for a hypothetical AMD scenario with four SAEVs. The outcomes show that implementing in-route wireless chargers at designated stops for the SAEVs with maximum power level has the potential to provide a charge sustaining operation with 52% reduction in the on-board battery and presents the most cost-effective solution. The proposed solution is assessed in comparison with other charging technologies, such as stationary WPT and dc fast charging, and it shows the most feasible option for an AMD network in terms of cost, convenience, and performance.
Genome gazing in ammonia-oxidizing archaea.

This month’s Genome Watch highlights the unique evolutionary history, metabolic functions, and newly identified viruses and associated mobile genetic elements for the highly abundant and ubiquitous ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Emerging routes for framing Muslim roots in Zanzibar in the era of tourism1

As Zanzibaris cope with the marginalization of their cultural beliefs under the hegemonic power of western leisure tourism, finding themselves increasingly vulnerable to the new values and lifestyl...
Extranjeras y españolas en una colonización agraria. Las mujeres en las nuevas poblaciones de Sierra Morena y Andalucía (Siglo XVIII)

El campo historiografico centrado en mujer, familia o vida cotidiana constituye para el caso concreto de las Nuevas Poblaciones de Sierra Morena y Andalucia casi un verdadero paramo. Las investigaciones han sido escasas y de calidad muy desigual a pesar de que las mujeres constituyeron la mitad de la poblacion o de que es dificil evaluar el grado de exito de una colonizacion agraria sin conocer los principales rasgos de su existencia. Es por ello por lo que nuestro objetivo aqui consistira en realizar una aproximacion a esas mujeres, tanto extranjeras como espanolas, protagonistas de la colonizacion a traves de tres grandes indicadores: su papel en la sociedad, su adaptacion a un entorno muy diferente y su imagen en elementos artisticos.
Learning Word Embeddings from 10-K Filings for Financial NLP Tasks

In this paper, we generate word embeddings learned from corpus of 10-K filings by corporates in U.S. to S.E.C from 1993 to 2018 using word2vec model implemented in PyTorch. Word Embeddings learned from a general corpus of articles from Google News, Wikipedia etc. are readily available online for researchers to use in their models but embeddings learned from 10-K filings are not publicly available. We publish the word embeddings learned from 10-K filings on GitHub for other researchers to use in their NLP tasks such as document classification, document similarity, sentiment analysis, readability index etc. on 10-K filings or other financial documents. We show that using these learned word embeddings we can differentiate between different types of sentiment words in the widely used Loughran-McDonald word lists and generate average similarity scores between them. We also present an application of word embeddings where we can quantitatively track changes in 10-K documents using the learned embeddings.
How Different are Pre and Post-Secondary STEM Educators?

This Research Work in Progress Paper presents the differences found between pre- and post-secondary educators. Pre-secondary educators are those at the K-12 level, while post-secondary educators teach at the college and university level. Educators are often taken for granted, with few considering the differences between the motivations and teaching styles of those who work in pre- versus post-secondary education. These researchers recognized this gap in the literature and developed a survey that they distributed to a nationwide audience. The survey was created to obtain the opinions of a broad spectrum of educational professionals at different levels and in different STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. This distribution was done through a variety of professional teaching organizations and educator networks, with the intent of reaching educators teaching STEM at all levels.In addition to collecting demographics on the study participants, the survey had three constructs. These constructs focused on teaching practices, beliefs about teaching STEM subjects, and the educator’s perceived ability to teach across disciplines. The researchers have separated the data provided by the participants into two groups: K-12 educators and post-secondary educators. The focus is on the comparison of some of the basic demographic style questions as reported by the survey participants. The survey reached predominantly male educators teaching technology or engineering at the undergraduate level. Approximately 87 percent of respondents were post-secondary educators, with the remaining 23 percent representing pre-secondary educators. The surveyed population represented all disciplines of STEM.The survey showed that most STEM educators at the pre-secondary level had little to no experience outside of academia, while most educators at the post-secondary level had at least one year of experience. The pre-secondary educators responding have been teaching for fewer years on average than those at the post-secondary level. The researchers suggest that this understanding and future research will support the need for industry connections at the K-12 level and more insight into how students can best be served as they transition from high school to college, based on differences in course stile and educator experience. Evaluating these differences may allow educators to adapt their teaching style at the pre- and post-secondary level to help students entering college transition from learning in classrooms of around 20 students to lecture halls.
Chapter 9 – Super Real

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on super realism because touch is inherently physical and it creates a sense of direct interaction with and control of the technology. One can create more fluid, natural experiences by mimicking real-world physical interactions and augmenting them beyond what is possible in the real world. Super realism pushes beyond what is physically natural so that experiences do more than is possible in the real world. At the same time, super real is an intuitive extension of the real. Super interactions are both grounded and magical. In other applications such as the URP (Urban and Rural Planning) system, one can use actual physical models to simulate an urban environment. One can simply pick up buildings and place them on the screen. The system enhances the experience by allowing the user to simulate and change the angle and the intensity of sunlight as the day progresses.
Strategic responses of social enterprises to institutional pressures in China

In China, the development of social enterprises based on Western concepts marked the entrance of an institutional innovation with strong institutional forces working against its survival. This stud...
Monitoring Trends in Conception Rate

Monitoring results of a breeding program, especially evaluating trends in conception rate, should be an integral part of a reproductive herd health program.1 "Conception rate" is defined here as the number of pregnancies resulting from a given number of services which when multiplied by 100 becomes a percentage. The number of services used as the denominator should be all services in a given period including those used in cows that ultimately leave the herd without conceiving. Counting only those services used in cows that eventually conceive gives an artificially high result and one that is unduly affected by culling. This policy also complicates and delays conception rate calculation as no decision can be made about the inclusion or exclusion of unsuccessful services in cows still being bred.
Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements of MEA Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures

Corrosion can cause serious problems to amine treating plants as it can lead to unexpected downtime, production loss, and even personnel injury. This work utilizes electrochemical method to study the corrosion behavior of C1018 mild steel in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) upon addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as nitric acid at temperatures of 25 °C to 80 °C. Solvent pH decreased upon temperature increase and CO2 loading, while the corrosion rates were most influenced by solvent temperature as both anodic and cathodic reaction rates increased. Addition of nitric acid gave a similar pH and corrosion rate as the addition of CO2 on a molar basis. Solvent rich in CO2 was found to have similar corrosivity as lean MEA despite the lower pH of solvent.
Racial inequities in the course of treating perinatal mental health challenges: Results from listening to mothers in California.

Background Concern with depression during the perinatal period has resulted in multiple states enacting legislation to require universal screening of mothers for postpartum depression. Despite this concern, rates of women receiving mental health counseling during pregnancy and postpartum remain low. This study examines factors, especially inequities in race/ethnicity, associated with receiving perinatal mental health counseling. Methods This study draws on data from the Listening to Mothers in California survey of 2539 women, based on a representative sample of birth certificate files of women who gave birth in 2016. The survey included a series of mental health questions, based on the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and questions on the receipt of counseling, whether a practitioner asked respondents about their mental health, and whether the respondent was taking medications for anxiety or depression. Results We found non-Latina Black women to experience both higher rates of prenatal depressive symptoms and significantly lower use of postpartum counseling services and medications than non-Latina White women. Among women with depressive symptoms, those asked by a practitioner about their mental health status reported a 46% rate of counseling compared with 20% who were not asked, and in a multivariable analysis, those asked were almost six times more likely (aOR 5.96; 95% CI 1.6-21.7) to report counseling. Discussion These findings lend evidence to those advocating for state laws requiring universal screening for depressive symptoms to reduce inequities and help address the underuse of counseling services among all women with depressive symptoms, particularly women of color.