cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responsible Bodies: Self-Care and State Power in the U.S. Women, Infants, and Children Program

While previous scholarship examining the U.S. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program has focused on its cost-effectiveness and health outcomes, this article analyzes the social implications of WIC policy. Extending theories of neoliberal welfare and biomedicalization, I argue that WIC aims to produce health-conscious, self-surveilling subjects. Primary document analysis and interviews with WIC staff and clients reveal how WIC counselors pursue these aims through tactics of habituation, responsibilization, and empowerment. This multi-pronged strategy increases mothers’ inclination to adopt WIC-approved health norms and practices as their own, and it disguises (but does not eliminate) the workings of state power.
Workplace Wellness Programs and Accessibility for All.

Workplace wellness programs contribute to the wellness movement by enlisting nontraditional health partners and influencing social determinants of health.
Integrated Rapid Solidification and Heat Treatment using Computerized Electron Beam Processing

Martensitic refinement is observed in rapidly solidified high speed steel (M7) by introducing a short ‘thermal arrest’ during cooling. This is accomplished using microcomputer controlled electron beam deflection for the generation of preselectcd scanning patterns. Such a tcchnique provides a high degree of control over short-duration heating at high temperatures and thus facilitates the use of fast reaction rate kinetics. By programming a ‘thermal arrest’ in the austenite range it has been found possible to obtain a distribution of fine carbides within the solidification cells. These carbides, it was found, result in refinement of the martensitic structure.
AI and Developing Socially-Engaged Computational Thinkers.

This position paper reflects on why we want greater participation in the computing sciences, what ‘greater participation’ means and should mean, and on the particular characteristics of AI that recommend it as an enticement and way into computing. Primary tenets are that the need for and training of socially-engaged ‘computational thinkers’ (Wing, 2006) is the most important motivation for increasing the diversity (and numbers) of students in the computing sciences and that ‘AI for the social good’ may bring students into computing for whom AI per se would not. Computational Thinkers In this time of rapid technological and societal change, when policy and practice involving technology have enormous consequences (e.g., global climate change), often looming beyond some myopically-construed horizon, we need what Jeannette Wing (2006) calls “computational thinkers”, which I take as critical thinkers who are conversant with computational principles, tools, practices, and broader impacts. Wing’s desiderata for human thinkers certainly includes deterministic skills of comparison, tracing, and simulation, but her vision is dominated by a desire that human problem solvers exhibit a sophisticated heuristic and systematized approach to non-deterministic reasoning, aspects of thinking that AI seeks to codify. Socially-engaged computational thinkers are motivated to and capable of modeling and tracing through the societal and environmental consequences of technical and social designs and actions. Dismantling Compartmentalization The goal of training socially-engaged, computational thinkers is paramount. Professional societies and accrediting boards, most notably IEEE and ABET, are insisting on “an ability to analyze the local and global impact of computing on individuals, organizations, and Copyright © 2008, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved society.” (ABET criteria, p. 19) and like characteristics among computing graduates. These institutions recognize that segregating technical training from technology’s broader impacts do not serve society well. Diversity, not numbers per se It is fortuitous that dismantling the compartmentalization between computing and larger societal purposes is synergistic with broadening the diversity of recruits to computing. Studies show that many women, for example, are drawn into computing when they see its fit into larger societal purposes [Margolis & Fisher, 2002]. In this case, greater diversity reinforces a greater community vision for computing’s utility, and vice versa. The diversity goes beyond gender, race, and culture. Under the assumption that computational competence is a necessity, diversity of values (or of value weighting) is vital.
Circadian and Geotactic Behaviors: Genetic Pleiotropy in Drosophila Melanogaster

Data presented in this paper test the hypotheses that Hirsch's positive geotaxis (Lo) and negative geotaxis (Hi5) strains of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) differ in length of the free-running circadian activity period (tau) as well as adult geotaxis. Several genes have been shown to alter geotaxis in Drosophila. Two of these genes, cryptochrome (cry) and Pigment-dispersing-factor (Pdf) are integral to the function of biological clocks. Pdf plays a crucial role in maintaining free-running circadian periods. The cry gene alters blue-light (<420 nm) phototransduction which affects biological clocks, spatial orientation and taxis relative to gravity, magnetic fields, solar, lunar, and celestial radiation in several species. The cry gene is involved in phase resetting (entrainment) of the circadian clock by blue light (<420 nm). Geotaxis involves spatial orientation, so it might be expected that geotaxis is linked genetically with other forms of spatial orientation. The association between geotaxis and biological clocks is less intuitive. The data and the literature presented here show that genes, physiology and behavioural aspects of geotaxis, biological clocks, magnetosensitivity and other types of spatial orientation, are complex, intriguing and interrelated.
Selective data analysis in brown et al.'s continued critical reanalysis

In their latest critique [1], Brown et al. verify the primary statistical results of our 2015 PLoS ONE report [2]. The results Brown et al. report for their mixed effect linear model analyses of our Confirmation study and pooled Discovery and Confirmation studies in their Table 3 [1] are nearly identical to the results we reported in our Tables 2 and 3 [2].
A First Course in Optimization Theory: Equality Constraints and the Theorem of Lagrange

It is not often that optimization problems have unconstrained solutions. Typically, some or all of the constraints will matter. Over this chapter and the next, we examine necessary conditions for optima in such a context. If the constraints do bite at an optimum x , it is imperative, in order to characterize the behavior of the objective function f around x , to have some knowledge of what the constraint set looks like in a neighborhood of x . Thus, a first step in the analysis of constrained optimization problems is to require some additional structure of the constraint set D , beyond just that it be some subset of ℝ n . The structure that we shall require, and the order in which our analysis will proceed, is the subject of the following section. Constrained Optimization Problems It is assumed in the sequel that the constraint set D has the form where U ⊂ ℝ n is open, g : ℝ n → ℝ k , and h : ℝ n → ℝ l . We will refer to the functions g = ( g 1 , …, g k ) as equality constraints , and to the functions h = ( h 1 ,…, h l ) as inequality constraints . This specification for the constraint set D is very general, much more so than might appear at first sight. Many problems of interest in economic theory can be written in this form, including all of the examples outlined in Section 2.3.
Feed your gut with caution

The intestinal epithelium, a single layer of cells organized into crypts and villi, is an important component of host defense against microbial community and its noxious metabolites. To preserve the epithelium integrity under constant exposure of intense physiological and environmental stressors, this surface is continuously and rapidly renewed by pluripotent intestinal epithelial stem cells that reside in the base of crypts. A recent study by Kaiko et al. shows that structural design of intestinal crypts protects the colonic epithelial stem/progenitor cells from proliferation-suppressing metabolites derived from the gut microbiota. Among these metabolites, butyrate is identified as the most potent inhibitor of colonic epithelial stem/progenitor cells proliferation. By rapidly metabolizing the butyrate, the colonocytes at the crypt further institute a metabolic barrier to protect the crypt-resident stem cells that fuel its renewal and repair.
Adjuvant radiation therapy is associated with improved overall survival in high-intermediate risk stage I endometrial cancer: A national cancer data base analysis

Abstract Purpose Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) was shown to improve local control in patients with high-intermediate risk (HIR) stage I endometrial cancer (EC) in randomized trials. Overall survival (OS) was not significantly different with adjuvant RT in these trials or subsequent meta-analyses; however, they were underpowered to assess OS. We used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to examine the impact of adjuvant RT on OS in HIR EC patients. Methods The NCDB was queried for patients diagnosed with FIGO (2009) Stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma from 1998 to 2012 who underwent surgery±adjuvant RT. Per ASTRO guidelines, HIR risk was defined as stage IB and/or grade 3. Patients were excluded if: non-surgical primary therapy, RT>180days after surgery, unknown stage/grade/RT status, or RT to targets outside pelvis/vagina. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression were used. Results 33,600 patients met criteria. 18,070 patients (53.8%) received surgery alone, 15,530 patients (46.2%) received surgery+adjuvant RT. Of patients who received adjuvant RT, 42.2% received external beam RT, 44.7% brachytherapy, and 13.1% received both. 5-year OS was 79.2% for the surgery alone group and 83.3% for the surgery+adjuvant RT (p Conclusions Our results show that surgery+adjuvant RT was associated with a statistically significant 4.1% improvement in 5-year OS vs. surgery alone in stage I HIR EC. This data along suggests that the improvement in local control with adjuvant RT leads to improved OS.
Self-healing composite coatings based on in situ micro–nanoencapsulation process for corrosion protection

Corrosion in water industry components is a serious issue that leads to severe damage and can significantly reduce the lifespan of the components. When corrosion occurs, the service quality of these components is also decreased. These industry components are especially at risk for corrosion, which can contaminate the water supply, increasing health hazards to consumers. The most common components affected by such corrosion are metallic pipes and storage. This review categorizes innovations for corrosion protection for water industry components. The main approach is the development and usage of self-healing coatings, which can be applied to the interior of water components. These coatings perform better than current epoxy-based coatings. They can resist corrosion by healing themselves at the site of damage, restoring function and service quality to the component. The coating contains micro/nanocapsules that hold a polymerizable healing agent, which is released upon damage. The healing agent binds to the coating and fills in any cavity, sealing the coating and component from further damage. Superhydrophobicity, or the extreme ability to repel water, is also reviewed as an advancement to the already successful coatings. By making the coating and the healing agent superhydrophobic, the component can further resist corrosion because corrosion is less likely to occur as water slides past the component. This paper also covers the manufacturing and characterization of these coatings, including the synthesis and processing parameters by reviewing current studies and examples. Lastly, a summary and suggestions for future work are given to discuss areas for improvement to be able to create a final optimum coating.
Failing to Plan but Not Planning to Fail: A Theory of Entrepreneur Optimism and Business Planning

Entrepreneurs tend to be optimistically biased about their chances for success compared to other similarly situated entrepreneurs. Does their optimism persist when confronted with more realistic cu...
Infertility – Prevention and Management

Infertility and subfertility, menstrual irregularities, and decreased parity may occur in women with autoimmune diseases due to multiple factors, including underlying inflammatory disease, gonadotoxic medications, and psychosocial issues related to living with chronic disease. Awareness of these factors, as well as validation and support of patients confronting reproductive challenges, is important for providing comprehensive care to these women. An understanding of the expanding options for fertility preservation strategies during gonadotoxic medications is essential. Referral to a reproductive endocrinology clinic is indicated in this patient population.
“E All’ottavo Giorno, Dio Creò La Citometria … and on the 8th Day, God Created Cytometry”

Flow cytometry has been available for about 50 years, but the core technology has changed very little. This constancy achieves two things: it makes the technology stronger as it has long-term development, but it also means that many applications may be a little stale. This chapter is an attempt to outline how the technology evolved into its current form and to identify the key changes that occurred along the way. While not every aspect of the evolution is documented herein, it is an attempt at framing the discoveries within the context of flow cytometry–specific demands. Flow cytometry evolved slowly for the first 15 years and then rapidly developed into one of the most significant cellular analysis technologies available to cell biologists.
Technology Assessment in the Software Sector

This chapter took a holistic approach of looking at the problem as an organizational decision making, which involve technical, personal and organizational factors which in reality does affect the decision making process, whether that is recognized or not. The hierarchical decision model (HDM) was used to structure the perspectives of decision making in an organization and the factors which are important for the selection of an ETL tool were laid under the appropriate perspectives. An Expert panel consisting of five experienced Database and Data integration professionals was constituted to evaluate the factors. The approach to selecting an ETL tool was demonstrated without necessarily selecting any candidate ETL tools. However, key insights to selecting an ETL tool were derived.
Face and facial disfigurations: Self and alterations of self

This article explores facial disfigurations and the alterations they trigger in the shared social space. It places an emphasis on the trauma associated with acquiring severe facial wounds, as well as with coming into visual contact with disfigured faces. These themes are explored through three layers of analysis. The first is the author's personal account of an encounter with a severely wounded face, which she experienced as profoundly altering her identity and social space. The second stresses the structural underlay of one's experience of an embodied face. The article engages with a Lacanian framework that posits that a person's face is formed in three ontological registers: the symbolical, the imaginary, and the real. When the face is disfigured and the eyes do not look back but an abyss returns the look instead, one's own subjectivity is threatened as one is disquietingly made aware of what Jean-Paul Sartre (1943/1992) and Jacques Lacan (1988) each called “the gaze”. The third layer of analysis includes various accounts of mediating the trauma of disfigurement, such as disfigured soldiers' experiences, as well as additional examples borrowed from films, novels, and art shows. Together they aim to show different trauma closure techniques used at the personal and social levels.
Molecular Approaches for Elucidating the in situ Activities of Bacterial Biological Control Agents

Certain strains of rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria suppress plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi through processes of resource competition or antibiosis. The scientific literature provides numerous and compelling examples that resource competition and antibiosis occur among microorganisms coinhabiting the rhizosphere, but their importance in determining the outcome of microbial interactions is neither absolute nor entirely predictable. Moreover, these processes are not likely to occur uniformly in time or space; instead, they take place only in those microhabitats where environmental and biotic factors favor their occurrence. Consequently, an understanding of factors influencing resource competition and antibiosis has become a subject of active research during the past several years. Tools are now available to identify factors influencing the expression of antibiotic biosynthesis genes, to assess the chemical nature of habitats that bacteria occupy in the rhizosphere, and to determine if resource availability to microorganisms is influenced by their coinhabitants in the rhizosphere. Utilizing such tools, investigators have gained further appreciation for the diverse interactions that occur between bacterial antagonists and target plant pathogens. Here, we highlight examples from our research utilizing molecular approaches to evaluate mechanisms involved in the suppression of soilborne diseases by strains of fluorescent pseudomonads.
The effects of business improvement districts in reducing nuisance crimes: Evidence from Philadelphia

ABSTRACTPrevious studies showed that business improvement districts (BIDs) could contribute to an increase in property values and reduction in minor crimes in their areas. Estimating the effects of BIDs on the variables of property values and crime is methodologically challenging, however, because BIDs are not established randomly but selectively, according to the needs of commercial areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BIDs on the nuisance crimes of graffiti, illegal dumping, and disorderly conduct in the city of Philadelphia between 1998 and 2009, using the system generalized method-of-moments estimator to address the problem of biased estimation caused by the nonrandom establishments of BIDs. We found that BIDs had negative significant effects on graffiti, illegal dumping, and disorderly conduct in their first 5 years of existence, but in their later years these effects were not significant.
Idiopathic and Autoimmune Interstitial Lung Disease

Interstitial lung disease is a broad category of heterogeneous diseases which share the common feature of inflammatory and fibrotic changes that primarily affect the alveoli and small airways. The two most common manifestations are idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), both of which can occur as “idiopathic” conditions or in association with several autoimmune diseases. Although both are classified as “lung disorders of unknown etiology,” there are multiple clues suggesting that autoimmune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of both disorders. The focus of this chapter is to explore the link between autoimmune mechanisms underlying COP and IPF as models for autoimmune disorders of the lung. To do so, we will first discuss the history and the clinical features of COP and IPF, followed by a summary of the autoimmune, genetic, and environmental features, current concepts of pathogenesis, and the therapies currently available and under investigation for both disorders.
Trouble Shooting with Noninvasive Ventilation

With increasing awareness of sleep-related breathing disorders, more people are getting treated for these. Though positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies are an excellent treatment option, some patients won’t be able to tolerate them. In this chapter, we aim to highlight the various important and common obstacles patients may encounter during PAP treatment. We also attempted to address each of these challenges that can help with increased compliance or improved efficacy or both. A better understanding of these challenges will help with improved tolerance and better outcomes.
The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Risky Sexual Behaviors in Black and White Young Adult Women.

Abstract Background Trauma exposure has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB), but few studies have examined the impact of distinct trauma types on RSB in one model or how the association with trauma and RSB may differ across race. Purpose The objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of trauma exposure types to RSB—substance-related RSB and partner-related RSB identified through factor analysis—in young Black and White adult women. Methods We investigated the associations of multiple trauma types and RSB factor scores in participants from a general population sample of young adult female twins (n = 2,948). We examined the independent relationship between specific traumas and RSB, adjusting for substance use, psychopathology, and familial covariates. All pertinent constructs were coded positive only if they occurred before sexual debut. Results In Black women, sexual abuse was significantly associated with substance-related and partner-related RSB, but retained significance only for partner-related RSB in a fully adjusted model. For White women, sexual abuse and physical abuse were associated with both RSB factors in the base and fully adjusted models. Witnessing injury or death was only associated with RSBs in base models. For both groups, initiating alcohol (for Black women), alcohol, or cannabis (for White women) before sexual debut (i.e., early exposure) was associated with the greatest increased odds of RSB. Conclusions Data highlight the contribution of prior sexual abuse to RSBs for both White and Black women, and of prior physical abuse to RSBs for White women. Findings have implications for intervention after physical and sexual abuse exposure to prevent RSB, and thus, potentially reduce sexually transmitted infection/human immunodeficiency virus infection and unintended pregnancy in young women.
Mastering the Innovation Butterfly

This book is directed at those who lead the spectacularly risky and complex technical, organizational, and economic challenges of creating product and service innovations. These leaders exist at all levels of a firm including: bench scientists, systems engineers, and product line architects; project managers who worry about day-to-day technical choices; product line planners and business strategists charged with the growth of product portfolios; directors of RD organizational design and human resource specialists; chief information officers, chief technology officers, vice presidents of engineering and marketing; and chief executive officers concerned about the survival and growth of their organization. These individuals, who are often scattered globally across complex innovation chains, make choices that decisively impact the success or failure of their firms’ innovation processes. The goal of this book is to help these leaders master their innovation challenges.
Linguistic Approach to Pattern Recognition

Publisher Summary Most of the developments in pattern recognition research have dealt with the decision-theoretic approach and its applications. In some pattern recognition problems, the structural information that describes each pattern is important, and the recognition process includes not only the capability of assigning the pattern to a particular class to classify it but also the capacity to describe a aspects of the pattern that make it ineligible for assignment to another class. To represent the hierarchical tree-like structural information of each pattern, that is, a pattern described in terms of simpler subpatterns and each simpler subpattern again be described in terms of even simpler subpatterns, etc., the linguistic syntactic or structural approach is discussed in the chapter. This approach draws an analogy between the hierarchical, tree-like structure of patterns and the syntax of languages. For this approach to be advantageous, the simplest subpatterns selected, called pattern primitives, should be much easier to recognize than the patterns themselves.
A national survey of telemedicine use by US emergency departments.

ObjectiveTelemedicine has the potential to improve the delivery of emergency medical care: however, the extent of its adoption in United States (US) emergency departments is not known. Our objectiv...
Moving Beyond Adsorption Capacity in Design of Adsorbents for CO2 Capture from Ultradilute Feeds: Kinetics of CO2 Adsorption in Materials with Stepped Isotherms

Amine-functionalized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) such as Mg2(dobpdc) have shown some of the highest capacities for CO2 capture under simulated direct air capture (DAC) conditions, i.e., at a CO...
The role of international institutions in fostering sub-Saharan Africa’s electrification

Abstract International institutions, such as multilateral development banks and national development agencies, are crucial in funding the provision of electricity services in sub-Saharan Africa. This article discusses the role of these institutions in bringing electricity to the region. The article shows that the scale and focus of global initiatives is wide and eclectic, and coordination between large and smaller funders remains critical. It highlights how over the past decade, 92 percent of international financial support to SSA’s electrification came from World Bank Group (WBG), the African Development Bank (AfDB) and the European Union (EU). The EU’s actions in the field appear to be particularly fragmented. The WBG, the AfDB and the US have streamlined their actions largely by focusing resources on a few initiatives. The article concludes with recommendations to help get more large-scale projects funded, and increase technical assistance and capacity building. Better coordination and information-sharing mechanisms to track the rapidly-changing landscape will be critical to achieve the energy access goals in sub-Saharan Africa.
Comparison of High and Low Implant Density Instrumentation in Management of Lenke 1B & 1C Curve Patterns in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Objective: To compare radiographic and surgical outcomes of Lenke 1B & 1C curve patterns. Methods: 120 patients Lenke 1B & 1C treated with PSF were grouped by implant density: Low Density (LD) ≤1.4 and HD >1.4. Matched subgroups (30 patients each) based on age, curve magnitude, and BMI were analyzed. Radiographic parameters were evaluated at preop, immediate postop (ipo), and 2-year f/u. SRS-30 was administered preop and 2-year f/u. Mann-Whitney test was performed for analysis. Results: Preop major curve of LD (n=82) and HD (n=38) groups were 59.1° vs 65.6° (p<.001); 26.3° vs 22.9° (p=.05) at ipo, and 29.9° vs 19.8° (p<.001) at 2-year f/u. No differences in trunk shift and coronal balance postop (p=.69, p=.74). HD group had higher implant density (p<.001), blood loss (p=.02), number of implants (p<.001), levels fused (p=.002), and OR time (p<.001). Minimal differences were seen in sagittal plane at ipo and 2-year f/u. HD were more hypokyphosis from preop to f/u (p<.001). No differences in SRS-30 scores at preop and 2-year f/u. Risser grade has no effect on implant density. Matched groups have similar preop major curve (p=.56), age (p=.75) and BMI (p=.61). There were differences with more OR time (p=.009), density (p<.001), and correction (p=.0001) in HD patients at 2-year f/u. No differences in SRS-30 scores at preop and 2-year f/u. Conclusion: Advantages of the LD constructs included fewer segments fused, lower intraoperative EBL and less OR, and potentially decreasing complication risks due to fewer implants. Theoretically reducing intraoperative radiation use and costs.
Identity and Choice Under Risk

Traditional gender norms have been blurring over the last years. Could this evolution have implications for economic decision-making? Identity theory posits that men who commit more to traditional male identity norms should take on more risk through a subjective-beliefs channel when their identity is salient, either because it is primed or threatened. I test these predictions using large-scale artefactual field experiments. Men whose identity is primed or threatened invest more in risky opportunities than control men and women. They become overconfident even in pure games of chance with no scope for skill, which is consistent with the subjective-beliefs channel identity theory postulates. The effects are stronger for men who commit more to male identity|older men and men in the Southern US. The recent blurring of traditional gender norms might thus imply a drop in aggregate risk taking over time, as men might reduce their willingness to take risks in disparate contexts.
The Unfulfilled Promise of the N170 as a Social Biomarker

Abstract Background Greater affordability and accessibility of noninvasive brain imaging techniques have led to an increased interest in identifying biomarkers of various cognitive processes, particularly in the field of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one area of research in which strong claims in support of brain-based biomarkers, such as the face-sensitive N170 event-related potential response, are currently emerging. This study systematically examined the possibility of the N170 amplitude and latency measures serving as a biomarker of social information processing in ASD. Methods The N170 response to faces and houses was recorded during passive picture viewing in 77 children with ASD, 7 to 16 years of age, at 2 time points (before and after a social skills intervention) 3 months apart. Social functioning was assessed using standardized behavioral tests, caregiver reports, and observational measures of naturalistic social interactions. Results The results replicated prior findings of larger N170 amplitudes in response to faces than to houses, but the associations with the behavioral measures of social functioning were modest and not consistently present across the 2 assessment time points. Neither the amplitude nor the latency of the N170 response to faces was sensitive to the effects of a social skills intervention that produced behavioral improvements. Conclusions The N170 is a reliable event-related potential response reflecting the sensory-perceptual stage of face processing, but it does not fit the definition of a biomarker of social deficits in ASD because it is not sufficiently informative about heterogeneity of social functioning and is not sensitive to treatment effects.
EEG-Based Texture Classification During Active Touch

Modern approaches to providing haptic feedback focus mainly on robotic manipulators, vibrators, and tactors. This type of feedback tends to be cumbersome and limited to a small number of contact points. On the contrary, electrotactile displays are compact and wearable, and recent discoveries demonstrate that naturalistic sensations of touch can be provided by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. Haptic feedback is essential for daily activities, as it allows us to become aware of our surroundings. The aim of this study is to develop techniques to extract EEG features that are markers for real world haptic interactions. The extracted EEG features will be used to model the EEG evidence that will later be employed in the closed-loop guidance system to adaptively control the electrical stimulation. In this work, twelve healthy subjects were recruited to perform a tactile stimulation experiment. Each subject was instructed to use their index finger to rub or tap 3 textured surfaces having varying levels of roughness (smooth flat, medium rough, and rough). EEG and force data were collected synchronously during each movement condition. Analysis of the EEG data showed that the amplitude of the EEG segment and the total power in the Mu (815 Hz) and Beta (1630 Hz) bands could be used to identify the roughness of textures using EEG data. We used a 10-fold cross validation to train a 3-class Support Vector machine classifier with chance level of 33%. The results show that it is possible to discriminate EEG activity with very high accuracy among surfaces with different textures.
DESIGNER MATERIALS: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE APPLICATION OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

У статті представлений короткий огляд загальних класифікацій конструкційних матеріалів, їхніх властивостей та використання на виробництві. Автор розглядає форми матеріалів, описує їхні властивості та вплив на навколишнє середовище. Він також виділяє наступні види технологій, такі як: телекомунікаційні, медичні, авіаційно-космічні, транспортні, технології спорту і відпочинку та описує їхні головні особливості. У статті здійснена систематизація видів конструкційних матеріалів за п’ятьма групами, а саме: природні полімери, синтетичні полімери, метали та їхні сплави, природні матеріали та суміші. В статье представлен краткий обзор основных классификаций конструкционных материалов, их свойств, использование на производстве. Автор рассматривает формы, особенности, влияние материалов на окружающую среду. Он также выделяет следующие виды технологий, такие как: телекоммуникационные, медицинские, авиационно-космические, транспортные, технологии спорта и отдыха и описывает их особенности. В статье осуществлена систематизация основных видов конструкционных материалов по пяти группам, а именно: природные полимеры, синтетические полимеры, металлы и их сплавы, природные материалы, смеси. The article is an overview of the common classifications and features of engineered materials and their use in the manufacturing. The author presents properties of materials, forms of materials, influence of materials. He also gives types of technology: telecommunication technology, medical technology, aerospace technology, recreation and sports technology, transportation technology and describes their main peculiarities. The article gives the systematization of five basic kinds of engineering materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, metals and metal alloys, earth materials, composites.
Invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma and missed abortion: A case report.

Abstract Background Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States; however, reports of endometrial cancer diagnosed in the setting of intrauterine gestation are rare. Case We describe the case of a clinical stage IA grade 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed at the time of D&C performed for missed abortion in a gravida 1 para 0 female with no identifiable risk factors. Fertility-sparing treatment, with combined oral megestrol acetate and levonorgestrel intrauterine system, was used to manage this incidentally-diagnosed carcinoma with endometrial sampling every 3 months.
Genetics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

In the last two decades, there has been significant growth in our understanding of the genetics underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a relentlessly progressive, incurable disease. Where once the pathogenesis of IPF remained a mystery, modern methods in genetics and genetic epidemiology have begun to point investigators toward a better understanding of why this disease occurs and also toward more personalized approaches to patient care via the identification of new potential therapeutic targets for IPF.
Chapter 6 – Erik Erikson

Erikson theorized that the psychosocial stages of trust versus mistrust, identity achievement versus identity confusion, and integrity versus despair are particularly related to religion and spirituality. In his psychohistories of Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi, he provided examples how these three stages of development are related. He noted how great people, like Luther and Gandhi, did not wait until their elderly years to replace their rigid moralistic values with a higher level of ethics in their personal search for a sense of identity. Research supports that identity achievement (crisis and commitment) religious people develop a more flexible and integral religion, compared to identity foreclosed (no crisis and commitment) religious people. Identity achieved continue to question religion beyond adolescence. Elderly religious/spiritual people report gaining a sense of purpose from their beliefs.
Small choroidal melanoma: outcomes following apical height dose brachytherapy.

Aim To assess the outcomes of small choroidal melanoma following iodine-125 episcleral brachytherapy (apical height dose of 85 Gy). Methods Patients with small choroidal melanoma that underwent iodine-125 episcleral brachytherapy between January 2004 and December 2017 were reviewed. Inclusion criterion for this study was the COMS small tumour size (tumour apical height of 1.0–2.5 mm and largest basal diameter (LBD) Results 161 cases of choroidal melanoma were included in this study, with the mean (SD) age of 59.6 (14.1) years, and 93 (58%) were males. The mean (SD) apical height for the tumours were 2.1 (0.4) mm and mean (SD) LBD was 8.3 (2.2) mm. The mean (SD, median) follow-up was 40.7 months (37.1, 25 months). The VA was 20/50 or better in 69%. Only one recurrence event (1%) and one enucleation event (1%) were observed. Overall survival was 97%, and no metastatic events were observed at 3 years. Conclusion Small choroidal melanomas treated with iodine-125 episcleral brachytherapy have excellent outcomes. The majority (69%) of patients retained VA of 20/50 or better with very high local control and ocular survival rate (99.3%) with the absence of metastasis (100%).
Does Thoracic Manipulation Cause Extravasation at Joint Following Facet Injections

Facet injections and other pain management interventions are commonly performed in combination with conservative therapy to address spinal pain. Joint mobilizations are a highly utilized intervention for manual practitioners to treat patients with spinal pain. Clinical reasoning and decision making models have not been well described in the literature assessing if and when joint mobilizations are appropriate interventions immediately or shortly following facet injection procedures. It has not been well studied if joint mobilizations immediately following facet injections negatively impact the injected solution at the respective joint and thus influence therapeutic effect. More specifically, there is a paucity of evidence assessing this at the thoracic spine. The purpose of this study was to assess if thoracic joint high-velocity low amplitude thrust manipulations caused extravasation of injected radiolucent material at respective thoracic facet joints on a cadaver. This study included an expert physician performing ultrasound-guided facet injections, an experienced manual physical therapist performing joint mobilization techniques, and fluoroscopic assessment of radiolucent material pre- and post-manipulation by a board-certified radiologist with experience in this field of study. Imaging interpretation confirmed that extravasation at respective joints did not occur following manipulation. This basic research can help guide clinical reasoning for practitioners considering implementing manual therapy techniques following facet injections and help guide further research.
Racial-ethnic differences in prevalence of social determinants of health and social risks among middle-aged and older adults in a Northern California health plan.

Background Social determinants of health (SDoHs) and social risks (SRs) have been associated with adverse health and healthcare utilization and racial/ethnic disparities. However, there is limited information about the prevalence of SRs in non-"safety net" adult populations and how SRs differ by race/ethnicity, age, education, and income. Methods We analyzed weighted survey data for 16,247 White, 1861 Black, 2895 Latino, 1554 Filipino, and 1289 Chinese adults aged 35 to 79 who responded to the 2011 or 2014/2015 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Member Health Survey. We compared age-standardized prevalence estimates of SDoHs (education, household income, marital status) and SRs (financial worry, cost-related reduced medication use and fruit/vegetable consumption, chronic stress, harassment/discrimination, health-related beliefs) across racial/ethnic groups for ages 35 to 64 and 65 to 79. Results SDoHs and SRs differed by race/ethnicity and age group, and SRs differed by levels of education and income. In both age groups, Blacks, Latinos, and Filipinos were more likely than Whites to be in the lower income category and be worried about their financial situation. Compared to Whites, cost-related reduced medication use was higher among Blacks, and cost-related reduced fruit/vegetable consumption was higher among Blacks and Latinos. Younger adults were more likely than older adults to experience chronic stress and financial worry. Racial/ethnic disparities in income were observed within similar levels of education. Differences in prevalence of SRs by levels of education and income were wider within than across racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions In this non-"safety net" adult health plan population, Blacks, Latinos, and Filipinos had a higher prevalence of social risks than Whites and Chinese, and prevalence of social risks differed by age group. Our results support the assessment and EHR documentation of SDoHs and social risks and use of this information to understand and address drivers of racial/ethnic disparities in health and healthcare use.
State conditional optogenetic entrainment of the septo-hippocampal circuit reveals the importance of endogenous theta oscillations as a unit of spatial metric

Mechanisms by which pattern generators impose temporal organization on target nodes while reacting to changes in behavior and cognitive demand remain poorly understood. While perturbation through optogentic stimulation can reveal circuit mechanisms that create and locally integrate this temporal organization, it is unclear whether superseding endogenous signals with artificial oscillations would benefit or impede hippocampus-dependent cognition or how cognitive demand might affect septo-hippocampal entrainment. Optogenetically stimulating the MS of wild-type rats in 3 contexts showed that septal input supersedes endogenous hippocampal oscillations when animals are at rest and while performing a hippocampus-dependent spatial accuracy task. Stimulation during a hippocampus-independent task, however, resulted in endogenous compensatory oscillations. Although burst-timing organization of hippocampal cells mirrored task-conditional theta entrainment, place field properties were unaffected. Impairment with regard to spatial accuracy behavior in the hippocampus-dependent task underscores the role of theta oscillations in the computation of spatial metric.
Clinical and EEG Determinants of Electroencephalographic Seizures in Critically Ill Children (2407)

Objective: We aimed to determine the optimal duration of CEEG for ES identification using clinical and EEG predictors in critically ill children. Background: Electrographic seizure (ES) are common in critically ill children and detection often requires resource-intense continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG). Prediction models that stratify patients by ES risk could allow clinicians to implement personalized and targeted strategies in which limited CEEG resources are directed to appropriate patients for appropriate durations. Design/Methods: We performed a single-center prospective observational cohort study of 719 consecutive critically ill children with acute encephalopathy. We evaluated baseline clinical risk factors (age and prior clinical seizures) and time-dependent risk factors observed during CEEG in a multi-state (entry, EEG risk, ES) survival model. For each subgroup, we determined the CEEG duration at which the risk of ES was Results: ES occurred in 184 children (26%). Patients aged >1 year without prior seizures or EEG risk factors achieved 1 year with either prior seizures or EEG risk factors achieved 1 year with both prior seizures and EEG risk factors and patients aged Conclusions: A model derived from two baseline clinical risk factors (age and prior clinically evident seizures) along with emergent EEG risk factors would allow clinicians to implement personalized CEEG strategies that optimally utilize limited CEEG resources. This would enable more widespread implementation of CEEG-guided management as part of neuroprotective strategies. Disclosure: Dr. Fung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Parikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jacobwitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Donnelly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Topjian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xiao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abend has received royalty, license fees, or contractual rights payments from Demos Publishing.
Transformation in Bacillus subtilis. I. Role of amino acids in stabilization of transformants.

Abstract After exposure of Bacillus subtilis cultures to transforming DNA, “potential transformants” are produced. The survival of these transformants is dependent upon the synthesis of a material, probably polypeptide in nature, whose formation is not mediated by messenger RNA. This conclusion is based on the following: a) The survival of “potential transformants” is dependent upon the presence of amino acids; b) Amino acids protect the “potential transformants” from the bactericidal effects of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and of puromycin; c) “Potential transformants” are stabilized by high levels of puromycin in the absence of amino acids and by high levels of actinomycin D. When transformation is carried out with [ 32 P]DNA, most of the 32 P taken up is eventually extruded into the medium; the presence of amino acids greatly inhibits the rate and extent of loss of 32 P from the cells.
Renewable Generation, Integration of

The integration of renewable generation consists of all of the changes in power system operations that are required in order to allow renewable generation sources to play a significant role in the electricity system. The impacts are mostly due to variable generation (VG), like wind and solar power. Historically these technologies have been labeled as intermittent generation, but recent trends prefer the label variable generation. Variable generators have a maximum available generation limit that changes with time (variability) and this limit is not known with perfect accuracy (uncertainty). This uncertainty and variability is in addition to that of the existing system and can therefore create additional challenges for grid operators to maintain their current levels of reliability.
Experimental biologically active ovarian tumors in mice

Abstract X-ray irradiation of mice at puberty results in the production of two types of ovarian tumors: tubular adenomas derived from the surface epithelium and parenchymal lutein tumors. The parenchymal lutein tumors alone exhibit hormonal activity expressed in proliferative changes in the endometrium and vaginal mucosa. Histologically, these tumors are composed of granulosa and theca cells with varying degrees of luteinization. They are entirely comparable to the granulosa cell tumor and its excessively luteinized variant, the Lecene tumor, and the theca cell tumor of the human ovary. The luteinized ovarian tumors in mice are derived from the undifferentiated parenchyma. While the theca interna cells participate in the early proliferation and luteinization, the mature granulosa cells play no role in the genesis of these neoplasms. The histogenesis of the analogous human tumors may well be identical.