cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ontogeny of immunoreactive, endogenous FSH and LH in the rat ovary during early folliculogenesis

Rabbit antisera to rat pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and to rat luteinizing hormone (LH) were used, in an immunocytochemical probe, to determine the ontogeny and distribution of immunoreactive, endogenous, intraovarian FSH and LH in immature rats. Ovaries from rats 4, 8, 12, and 21 days of age were studied. Both gonadotrophins were first immunodetectable on Day 8. In reactive primordial follicles, LH was restricted to the cytoplasm and nuclei of the surrounding follicle cells. In those follicles possessing both squamous and cuboidal follicle cells, i.e., transitional between primordial and primary, LH was found in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of both follicle cell types. In primary follicles, LH was no longer present in granulosa cells but was concentrated in germ cell cytoplasm. In contrast, in primordial follicles, FSH was restricted to the germ cell but was present in both the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle. In transitional and primary follicles, FSH remained within the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle but also became detectable within the cytoplasm and nuclei of granulosa cells. These findings raise some important new questions regarding the role(s) of the gonadotrophins in early follicular development.
A Matter of Turf: Romanticism, Hippodrama, and Legitimate Satire

In February of 1811, facing mounting losses from several unremunerative productions of Shakespeare, John Philip Kemble revived George Colman the Younger's Blue‐Beard at Covent Garden Theatre. The n...
The Thermodynamics of Unequal Exchange: Energy Use, CO2 Emissions, and GDP in the World-System, 1975-2005

Energy flow — the capture and transformation of energy, and the output of pollution generated during that process — is essential to increases in complexity, but with the cost of growing disorder, or entropy. In world-systems, energy flow has been, and continues to be, a basis for intersocietal conflict and competition, including unequal exchange that generates inequality in levels of development and ecological degradation across societies. This article builds upon extant research on the role of energy flow in world-systems through an analysis of data on energy use and GDP in the world-system from 1975 to 2005 and for 1975—2004 for CO2 emissions. Using a panel of 87 countries, a world-system core, semiperiphery, and periphery is generated based on population-weighted energy use. Analysis of energy flows through this world-system provides support for the existence of unequal ecological exchange — the core countries are using more energy, emitting more CO2, and attaining more GDP per capita relative to the s...
Soliton propagation in stimulated Raman scattering for inhomogeneously broadened media

Abstract We calculate the amplitude and temporal width of Raman solitons for media with homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening from local conservation laws for energy and “residua energy”. For detuning from exact Raman resonance, solitons decay rapidly in homogeneously broadened media, while they are stable in inhomogeneously broadened media. Numerical simulations confirm the predicted soliton stability.
An Eocene Hystricognathous Rodent from Texas: Its Significance in Interpretations of Continental Drift

The earliest known representative of the fundamentally South American and African hystricognathous rodents has recently been found in the middle or late Eocene of southwestern Texas; this discovery supports the postulate of a northern and independent origin for the two southern groups and increases the evidence against mid-Tertiary trans-Atlantic migration of these rodents at a time when the South Atlantic was narrower than it is at present. The fossil seems to be related to the North American Eocene family Sciuravidae.
Analysis of compartmental models of ligand-induced endocytosis

Kinetic models have played a pivotal role in the study of ligand-induced endocytosis. However, an analysis that suggests a systematic way to validate such models is lacking. The current work analyses the base model of ligand-induced endocytosis for three widely used experimental protocols. In protocol I cells initially devoid of ligand are incubated in ligand solution, whereas protocols II and III are desorption experiments in which an initial pool of surface or internalized ligand-receptor complexes, respectively, are released into an elution medium that is initially devoid of ligand. A short-time analysis of protocol I using successive substitutions yielded a corrected pre-factor for the In/Sur plot introduced by Wiley and Cunningham (Cell 25 (1981) 433). In contrast, neglecting the variation in receptor numbers yielded an approximation of protocol I that is valid for long times (e.g. tens of minutes). Similarly, the low cell-concentration limits of protocols II and III are derived by neglecting the concentration of free ligand. The simplicity of these approximations provides a simple and reliable method for estimating the parameters governing ligand kinetics, while their definitive nature implies that they can be used to verify the validity of the base model. This analysis also provides insight on the fast endocytosis and recycling limit of protocol III.
Residents' responses to medical error: coping, learning, and change.

AbstractPurposeTo explore the significant emotional challenges facing resident physicians in the setting of medical mishaps, as well as their approaches to coping with these difficult experiences.MethodTwenty-six resident physicians were randomly selected from a single teaching hospital and particip
An evolutionary approach for modeling of shear strength of RC deep beams

In this study, a new variant of genetic programming, namely gene expression programming (GEP) is utilized to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams. A constitutive relationship was obtained correlating the ultimate load with seven mechanical and geometrical parameters. The model was developed using 214 experimental test results obtained from previously published papers. A comparative study was conducted between the results obtained by the proposed model and those of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and Canadian Standard Association (CSA) models, as well as an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based model. A subsequent parametric analysis was carried out and the trends of the results were confirmed via some previous laboratory studies. The results indicate that the GEP model gives precise estimations of the shear strength of RC deep beams. The prediction performance of the model is significantly better than the ACI and CSA models and has a very good agreement with the ANN results. The derived design equation provides a valuable analysis tool accessible to practicing engineers.
A sex difference in the tolerance of Wistar rats for potassium.

DURING the modification of a potassium tolerance test as a measure of adrenal cortical function in rats and mice (Robertson 1949) it became apparent that young female rats reacted differently to the test than did male rats of the same age. Since, in addition to the adrenal cortical hormones, the steroid hormones of the ovaries and testes have been shown experimentally to exert some influence on potassium retention and excretion (Miller 1943) the phenomenon was further explored. The multiple injection potassium tolerance test consists of four intraperitoneal injections of potassium chloride solution given at intervals of two hours. Rats receive a 10% solution and mice a 2% solution. The animals are weighed immediately before the test and the dose for each injection is calculated in milligrams of KCl per 10 grams of animal. Animals dying during the test or within two hours after the last injection are considered to have succumbed to the test.
Integrative Medicine as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis—the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dietary Supplements, and Other Modalities

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is becoming increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population, with rates reportedly as high as 18-25 %. Westernized medicine has traditionally used a combination of emollients, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and immunomodulating agents to combat this often frustrating disease. Of late, integrative medicine has become the subject of more research as concerns grow regarding prolonged use of corticosteroids and their side effects in pediatric patients. Probiotics have been extensively studied to define their role in the treatment and prevention of AD in children. Unfortunately, results are varying showing significant improvement in some patients but not all. With regard to prevention, studies show that the use of probiotics during pregnancy does decrease the incidence of AD in children. Prebiotics and synbiotics are also a conceivable option for prevention of AD. A number of studies on Chinese herbal medicine have been performed, with a collective result of symptom improvement and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, there were reports of asymptomatic transaminitis in a few patients that warrant further testing. While the herbs tested in more recent randomized clinical trials were free from corticosteroids, a previous study showed high levels of dexamethasone in unlabeled herbal eczema creams. Vitamins and minerals have also been suggested as an alternative treatment of AD. Studies however have not yet demonstrated improvement of AD with vitamin or mineral supplementation. Topical vitamin B(12) is the exception to this; however, no topical vitamin B(12) preparation is available for use. Finally, relaxation techniques are also being investigated as adjunctive methods of treatment, but well-designed scientific studies are lacking.
Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst.

Background: An odontogenic keratocyst can develop at virtually any site in the jaws and is of concern because of its aggressive clinical behavior. It represents 3% to 12% of all odontogenic cysts. This paper describes the rare peripheral presentation of an odontogenic keratocyst localized to the maxillary anterior gingiva and its differential diagnosis.Methods: A patient presented with a round yellow nodule on the maxillary gingiva between the left canine and first premolar. Clinical examination ruled out periapical abscess, periodontal abscess, and lateral periodontal cyst. A differential diagnosis included a gingival cyst, neuroma, neurilemoma, and mesenchymoma. The cyst ruptured during excisional biopsy revealing contents typical of an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Histology confirmed the peripheral OKC diagnosis. A conservative surgical treatment was performed assuming a less aggressive clinical course for the peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. Close follow-up was planned.Results: To our knowledge, on...
An update on regulatory T cells in transplant tolerance and rejection

Several types of T cells with immunosuppressive properties have been identified, but FOXP3(+) regulatory T (T(REG)) cells have emerged as a dominant cell type; they are critically involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. Manipulation of this cell type for the induction of transplant tolerance including renal transplant tolerance has attracted considerable attention. Studies in this area have demonstrated unexpected complexities, and attempts to translate T(REG) cells towards clinical utility have met with unanticipated difficulties. In this Review, a broad overview is provided on recent progress in the study of T(REG) cells, focusing on challenges, opportunities, and emerging approaches in exploiting T(REG) cells for the induction of transplant tolerance.
Studies on the fine structure of puffs in Sciara coprophila.

Fine structure of RNA and DNA puffs of Sciara coprophila was studied during late developmental stages of the fourth larval instar. In RNA puffs the predominant structure seen seems to be a diffuse, lampbrush-like thread or threads sectioned in a variety of planes. The thread is composed of filamentous and granular material. Three types of RNA puffs, each with a slightly different morphology, are found. In their development DNA puffs pass through a precise sequence of stages, each with its distinct morphologic and metabolic characteristics. At the initial and final stages, when much of the puff chromatin is in the compacted state, DNA puffs resemble condensed chromosomal bands. In contrast, at stages when most chromatin is diffuse, DNA puffs share many structural characteristics of RNA puffs. Most of the expanded puff area is permeated by lampbrush-like threads composed of fibrils and granules. RNA and DNA puffs were compared with respect to granule size and distribution by means of electron micrographs of known magnification. The results of the statistical analysis show that: 1) The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of the method of measurement falls between 5 and 7%. 2) There is a fluctuation in granule sizes within each puff with a C.V. of 24–26%. 3) The average granule diameter is 238 A for DNA puffs and 310 A for RNA puffs; the difference is statistically significant. 4) The variation in mean granule size in a sample of DNA puffs is rather small (C.V. 12%), while the variation in granule size between different RNA puffs is somewhat larger (C.V. 20%). 5) The relative spread of granule sizes in DNA puffs is more restricted than that in RNA puffs. It is evident then that, on the average, DNA puff granules are smaller and more uniform than granules found in RNA puffs.
Protein scaffold-based molecular probes for cancer molecular imaging

Protein scaffold molecules are powerful reagents for targeting various cell signal receptors, enzymes, cytokines and other cancer-related molecules. They belong to the peptide and small protein platform with distinct properties. For the purpose of development of new generation molecular probes, various protein scaffold molecules have been labeled with imaging moieties and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Among the evaluated probes Affibody molecules and analogs, cystine knot peptides, and nanobodies have shown especially good characteristics as protein scaffold platforms for development of in vivo molecular probes. Quantitative data obtained from positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography/CT, and optical imaging together with biodistribution studies have shown high tumor uptakes and high tumor-to-blood ratios for these probes. High tumor contrast imaging has been obtained within 1 h after injection. The success of those molecular probes demonstrates the adequacy of protein scaffold strategy as a general approach in molecular probe development.
The cytoarchitecture of the torus semicircularis in the golden skink Mabuya multifasciata.

The skink, Mabuya multifasciata, torus semicircularis was subdivided into the central (CN), the laminar (LN), and the superficial (SN) nuclei using Golgi and Nissl methods. The central nucleus consisted of small ovoid neurons surrounding a core of fewer large ovoid-triangular and fusiform neurons. The ovoid cells had scant cytoplasm and two to five dendritic trunks. Most of these processes were directed around the periphery of the central nucleus. The large neurons had clumped, darkly staining Nissl substance and a central nucleus. The sparse dendritic spine population on these cells increased distally on the three to five radiate dendrites. The laminar nucleus was present caudal and ventral to the central nucleus. At more rostral levels it was medial and dorsomedial to the central nucleus. The NL had three to five layers of ovoid and fusiform neurons. Scattered within these layers were a few ovoid-triangular neurons. Ovoid neurons had eccentric or central nuclei. The arborization of their dendrites was generally medial and lateral but was frequently oriented caudomedial and rostrolateral. Fusiform neurons had pale Nissl substance, central nuclei, and one to two dendritic processes. The ovoid-triangular neurons had dense, clumped Nissl substance and at least two dendritic trunks with few spines. The superficial nucleus was dorsal, lateral, and caudal to the central nucleus. Extending ventrolaterally around the central nucleus, the superficial nucleus became confluent with the laminar nucleus, ensheathing the central nucleus ventrally, laterally, and dorsally. Rostrally the central nucleus was covered by the layers of the laminar nucleus. Within the superficial nucleus were ovoid, fusiform and sparse ovoid-triangular neurons. The study indicated that the morphology of the torus semicircularis in the golden skink was similar to that in other lizards. This similarity correlates with the degree of development as it relates to the auditory function, but was independent of the type of inner ear restraint mechanism.
THE HOME AND IDENTITY DISPLAY: INTERPRETING RESIDENT TERRITORIALITY FROM HOME EXTERIORS

Although theory and research suggest that resident territorial commitment relates to home personalization and maintenance, it is uncertain whether naive observers can ordinarily perceive this commitment when looking at the home. In three experiments, judges were shown photographs of the front exteriors of homes owned by residents reporting strong or weak territorial commitments to their home and to their block. Across all three experiments judges were able to identify residents reporting territorial commitments, but were unable to discern whether this commitment was directed solely at the home, solely at the block, or at both the home and block. In experiment 2 a content analysis was conducted on the cues judges reported using in making their decisions about resident commitment. These data suggest that judges are unable to distinguish between home and block commitments because they often use the same set of cues to judge both types of commitment. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that block judgments echo home judgments simply because judges have no information about the block; even after judges are given a view of adjacent homes, block judgments do not increase in distinctiveness. The present study strengthens the claim that homes can accurately communicate resident territoriality, which can be important for those interested in interpreting or encouraging commitments to home and blocks.
Lift-generated vortex wakes of subsonic transport aircraft

Abstract The flow fields of vortices, whether buoyancy-driven or lift-generated, are fascinating fluid-dynamic phenomena which often possess intense swirl velocities and complex time-dependent behavior. As part of the on-going study of vortex behavior, this paper presents a historical overview of research conducted on the structure and modification of the vortices generated by the lifting surfaces of subsonic transport aircraft. Although primarily presented from an experimental point of view, the derivation and use of relatively compact theoretical formulations and concepts are included. Experience with lift-generated wakes has shown that they are so complex that progress requires application of a combined theoretical and experimental research program, because either alone often leads to incorrect conclusions. The primary purpose of the research to be described is to find a way to reduce the hazard potential of lift-generated vortices shed by subsonic transport aircraft in the vicinity of airports during landing and takeoff operations. The information presented points out that the characteristics of lift-generated vortices are related to the aerodynamic shapes that produce them and that various arrangements of surfaces can be used to produce quite different vortex structures. It is concluded that a satisfactory aerodynamic solution to the wake-vortex problem at airports has not yet been found, but a reduction in the impact of the wake-vortex hazard on airport capacity may soon become available through wake-vortex avoidance concepts currently under study.
Development of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellites for pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus)

The pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is a primary seed disperser of pinyon pines (Pinus edulis and P. monophylla). Both the pinyon jay and the pinyon pines are experiencing significant decline. While the pinyon jay is a species of management value and conservation concern, little is known about its fecundity, among-flock dispersal, and population differentiation. We initiated genetic studies in pinyon jays using a hybridization enrichment technique to isolate seven polymorphic microsatellite repeats (AAAG and GATA) from the pinyon jay genome. A locus from the Mexican jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina) that amplifies robustly in pinyon jays is also reported. These eight loci revealed moderate to high diversity in an Arizona population of pinyon jays (4–36 alleles and H O 0.42–0.90). As in other species, tetranucleotide repeats produced easily resolved amplification products.
Optimal Dietary Protein Concentration for Hybrid Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus Fed All-Plant Diets

. There are several estimates of the optimal dietary crude protein concentration for juvenile tilapia fed high quality animal proteins or mixtures of animal and plant derived feedstuffs. In the present study, the optimal dietary crude protein concentration for hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus reared in glass aquaria was determined using diets free of fish meal. Further, initial weight of fish was approximately 21 g, which is the beginning of the growout phase of many commercial operations. The diets contained primarily corn co-products and soybean meal as the sources of amino acids, and were formulated to provide 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 or 34% crude protein. The diets were fed to quadruplicate groups of tilapia for 10 wk. Increasing concentrations of dietary crude protein resulted in proportional improvements in weight gain and feed efficiency up to 30% dietary crude protein. Fish fed 24% dietary crude protein exhibited significantly reduced weight gain compared to fish fed 28–34% dietary crude protein. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of tilapia was unaffected by dietary crude protein concentration. However, fish fed 28% crude protein exhibited numerically higher PER (2.58) than fish fed other levels of crude protein. Muscle crude protein levels were lower in fish fed diets containing 24–28% crude protein than in fish fed 30% and higher concentrations. Quadratic regression analyses of weight gain and feed efficiency data indicated the optimal dietary crude protein concentration to be 29.65% and 28.33%, respectively, while broken line analyses indicated 27.5 and 27.3%, respectively. Based on weight gain, feed efficiency, PER, and proximate composition data, the authors recommend 28% dietary crude protein as the minimum for hybrid tilapia fed all-plant diets and reared in tanks.
A Phase I/II trial design when response is unobserved in subjects with dose-limiting toxicity:

We propose a Phase I/II trial design in which subjects with dose-limiting toxicity are not followed for response, leading to three possible outcomes for each subject: dose-limiting toxicity, absence of therapeutic response without dose-limiting toxicity, and presence of therapeutic response without dose-limiting toxicity. We define the latter outcome as a 'success,' and the goal of the trial is to identify the dose with the largest probability of success. This dose is commonly referred to as the most successful dose. We propose a design that accumulates information on subjects with regard to both dose-limiting toxicity and response conditional on no dose-limiting toxicity. Bayesian methods are used to update the estimates of dose-limiting toxicity and response probabilities when each subject is enrolled, and we use these methods to determine the dose level assigned to each subject. Due to the need to explore doses more fully, each subject is not necessarily assigned the current estimate of the most successful dose; our algorithm may instead assign a dose that is in a neighborhood of the current most successful dose. We examine the ability of our design to correctly identify the most successful dose in a variety of settings via simulation and compare the performance of our design to that of competing approaches.
The influence of extraversion and neuroticism on heart rate responses to aversive visual stimuli

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if increasing degrees of neuroticism reflect increasing degrees of sensitivity to aversive stimuli and if increasing degrees of extraversion reflect decreasing degrees of sensitivity to aversive stimuli. The Eysenck Personality Inventory was administered to 300 females. Forty subjects with the most extreme scores were used such that they could be divided into two groups of 20 subjects, on each personality dimension. Subjects viewed 10, 15-sec slide presentations of people who died violently. Beat by beat heart rate analyses revealed that initial accelerative responses, indicative of defense, were elicited by subjects lower on extraversion and higher on neuroticism. In contrast, initial decelerative responses, indicative of orienting, were elicited by dubjects higher on extraversion and lower on neuroticism. These results were consistent with the predicted relationships between each personality dimension and patterns of change in heart rate responses to aversive stimuli.
Biodistribution of tantalum-178: a short-lived radiopharmaceutical for blood pool imaging.

178Ta is a short lived radionuclide (half life=9.3 min), which results in favorable radiation exposure compared to 99mTc (half life 6 h). The energy spectrum of 178Ta consists of imageable photons in the 55–65 keV (61.2%) and 93 keV (33.7%) range but also 6% of disintegrations result in photons with energies greater than 500 keV. These high energy photons cause septal penetration in low energy collimators so that resolution is degraded. However, a medium energy collimator prevents the septal penetration of these higher energy photons. Serial blood samples obtained from dog and rabbit models indicate that 178Ta is retained in the blood pool for at least 20–30 min after intravenous injection. The 178Ta appears to be associated with the protein fraction of the plasma and not primarily with the red blood cell fraction as determined by centrifugation and column chromatography. Gated equilibrium blood pool images using 178Ta were comparable in quality to images using the 99mTc labelled red blood cell technique. Therefore, 178Ta may allow comparable equilibrium gated blood pool imaging with much more favorable radiation dosimetry. Thus, serial studies over prolonged periods of observation may be obtained.
Closed-form seismic fragility estimates, sensitivity analysis and importance measures for reinforced concrete columns in two-column bents

Closed-form seismic fragility estimates are developed for reinforced concrete (RC) columns in bridges with two-column bents. Deformation and shear modes of failure are considered. The closed-form solutions incorporate the important uncertainties associated with both structural properties and ground motion characteristics. Probabilistic capacity and demand models for RC columns in two-column bents are used for the fragility formulation. Sensitivity and importance measures are computed for the parameters and random variables, respectively, included in the limit state function expressed in terms of probabilistic capacity and demand models. The sensitivity measures suggest that the vulnerability of RC columns in two-column bents can be effectively improved by using high strength reinforcement for the column confinement, reducing the spacing between confining reinforcement, and limiting the use of high strength concrete. The importance measures suggest that the random errors in the probabilistic capacity and d...
A Ray-Surface Intersection Methodology For Enhancing Illumination Models

This paper considers a technique for determining the true intersections of a ray with a cubicly-defined surface patch. To find all possible intersections of a ray and a surface patch, we apply an interval analysis, and implement ray tracing algorithm with Bezier surface patches.
P16-40. Inhibition of histone deacetylases modulates CD8+ T-lymphocyte mediated virus suppression by HIV-1 viral controllers

Background CD8+ T-lymphocytes suppress HIV-1 replication through unknown factors that inhibit HIV-1 transcription initiation. Understanding the regulation of these CD8+ T cell derived factors can provide important insights into how to elicit these factors with a vaccine. For a small subset of human genes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators that condense chromatin to repress transcription. We examined an HDAC inhibitor's ability to modulate the expression of suppressive factors from primary CD8+ T cells from HIV-1+ subjects controlling virus infection.
Revision of C-22, C-23 configurations of two triterpenoids of the fungusPisolithus tinctorius

Abstract The absolute configurations at C-22, C-23 for two lanostene derivatives previously isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius must be revised on the basis of results obtained employing Horeau's method.
Thermal shock resistance of laminated ceramic matrix composites

The thermal shock resistance capability of laminated ceramic matrix composites is investigated through the study of three-dimensional transient thermal stresses and laminate failure mechanisms. A (−45°/45°)s SiC/borosilicate glass laminate is utilized as a reference composite system to demonstrate the analytical results. The maximum allowable temperature change, ΔT max, has been taken as a measure of the thermal shock resistance capability of composites. The effects of fibre orientation, volume fraction, thermal expansion coefficient. Young's modulus, and thermal conductivity on the thermal shock resistance capability, expressed in terms of the maximum allowable temperature change, ΔT max, have been assessed. Numerical computations are also performed for six composite systems.
On nonlinear temperature‐dependence of thermal strain

Finite element calculation and the nonlinear temperature-dependence of thermal strain are reviewed using basic principles. An approach for thermal strain calculation based on an instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion, material description, is presented for incremental finite element analysis. The approach is then related to the current calculation method which uses a reference-dependent mean expansion coefficient. Implications of the alternative approaches are discussed, and the principles are applied to actual expansion data for an epoxy. The paper is written to aid finite element analysts and code developers on thermal strain calculation.
Government education spending and human capital formation

Abstract Given the interest rate, an increase in government education spending increases human capital. But in general equilibrium, more government education spending increases the interest rate, which could reduce the time people spend learning, and therefore could reduce human capital if the initial education spending is relatively high.
Cricoid injury complicating excision of thyroglossal duct cyst

Abstract The Sistrunk procedure is the treatment of choice for thyroglossal duct cyst excision (TGDC) due to its low recurrence rate and incidence of minor complications. Given the proximity of TGDC to the airway, injury to the laryngotracheal cartilages during this procedure is possible. We report a case of a 2-year-old girl transferred to our institution who had a cricoid cartilage injury during a Sistrunk procedure. The pattern of injury, its treatment and outcome in our patient, as well as preventative measures are described. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing injury to the cricoid cartilage following this procedure.
Taste in underweight, overweight, and normal-weight subjects before, during, and after sucrose ingestion.

Abstract The effects of ingesting a high calorie (sugar) solution on the taste and imagined taste of food substances were compared for overweight, normal-weight and underweight subjects. Contrary to previous findings using extremely obese subjects, the present study found no differences in the amount of post-ingestion taste change between moderately obese subjects and normal-weight or underweight subjects. On the other hand,the overweight subjects did report that the sugar solution tasted better before and after the ingestion of the high calorie stomach load than did the normal and underweight subjects. This latter finding suggests that moderately obese individuals may be overweight because food tastes better to them and continues to taste good to them after eating
Polymerization of Polyacrylamide Gels: Efficency and Reproducibility as a Function of Catalyst Concentrations

Abstract A method has been developed for estimation of the extent of polymerization of acrylamide by measurement of the amide-nitrogen of residual extractable acrylamide monomer. This method has been applied to the evaluation of polymerization efficiency, its reproducibility, and its dependence on the concentrations of three catalysts (persulfate, riboflavin, and TEMED) at pH 3.9 and 0°C. The effects of TEMED on gel pH, on the relative mobility of dyes and proteins, and on the “stacking limits” of multiphasic buffer systems have also been studied. These studies permit development of guidelines by which polymerization conditions can be optimized.
Alpha particle photoeffect

Using sum rules we calculate four energy weighted moments for the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ electric dipole photoeffect for a Volkov spin-independent potential with Serber exchange. Our results are ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{-}1}=2.83$ mb, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}=119$ MeV mb, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}=5430$ Me${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ mb, and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}=2.76\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ Me${\mathrm{V}}^{3}$ mb. We use only the first term in the hyperspherical expansions of the potential and wave function. We invert either two, three, or four of these moments to determine the photoeffect cross section. Results with different numbers of moments agree with each other to about 15%. We find reasonable agreement with measurements of the total photoeffect cross section.
Identification of a beta2-adrenergic receptor in mammalian epidermis

Abstract The presence of a beta 2 -adrenergic receptor in the epidermis has been demonstrated, based on the following pieces of information: (1) the addition of salbutamol, a beta 2 -agonist, to slices of epidermal tissue increased the levels of cyclic AMP in the tissue above control levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum response after 5 min of incubation in 5 × 10 −5 M salbutamol, (2) the addition of butoxamine, a beta 2 -antagonist, in conjunction with isoproterenol or salbutamol reduced the epidermal cyclic AMP levels when compared to levels obtained with agonist alone, (3) practolol, a beta 1 -antagonist. had little effect on the salbutamol-induced increases in the cyclic AMP levels and further elevated the levels of cyclic AMP obtained by the addition of isoproterenol, (4) the addition of propranolol to the tissue in conjunction with isoproterenol or salbutamol reduced the levels of cyclic AMP to near control values, and (5) Ro 20-1724, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor, maintained the salbutamolelevated cyclic AMP levels for a longer period of time.
Building communities to promote physical activity: A multi-scale geographical analysis

The objective of this paper is to make explicit the linkages between specific characteristics in the urban built environment, moderate physical activity (in particular walking and cycling), and pub...
On the observational equivalence of random matching

Random matching is often used in economic models as a means of introducing uncertainty in sequential decision problems. We show that random matching processes that satisfy standard proportionality laws are not unique. We give conditions on the payos and transitions functions of sequential decision models that insure that the models are robust to the non-uniqueness of the matching process. Under these conditions, the information contained in the proportionality laws is all is needed to know about the matching process to formulate the model.
Provability interpretations of modal logic

We consider interpretations of modal logic in Peano arithmetic (P) determined by an assignment of a sentencev * ofP to each propositional variablev. We put (⊥)*=“0 = 1”, (χ → ψ)* = “χ* → ψ*” and let (□ψ)* be a formalization of “ψ)* is a theorem ofP”. We say that a modal formula, χ, isvalid if ψ* is a theorem ofP in each such interpretation. We provide an axiomitization of the class of valid formulae and prove that this class is recursive.
Vibrotactile temporal summation for threshold and suprathreshold levels of stimulation

Threshold measurement and matching procedures were used to determine the amount of temporal summation at threshold and suprathreshold levels of vibrotactile stimulation on the thenar eminence of the hand. The frequency of the stimulus was 25, 40, 80, or 200 Hz. At 25 Hz, temporal summation was absent at all intensity levels. Considerable amounts of temporal summation were observed for 80- and 200-Hz stimuli, although the effects decreased as a function of intensity. At 40 Hz, no temporal summation was observed at threshold, but above threshold, a small amount was observed at all intensity levels. The results support a duplex model of mechanoreception in which one of two receptor systems exhibits temporal summation.
Incentives versus equality: What does China's recent experience show?

Abstract Since 1978, China's economic policies have stressed differential rewards for higher productivity, particularly through the contract system in rural areas. This has permitted and encouraged some families to achieve relatively high incomes. However, there was considerable inequality in China before 1978, particularly the persistent and wide disparity between urban and rural incomes. The economic reform has had some tendency to increase slightly the share of income received by the very top group and to reduce slightly the share of the bottom one-third. However, the principal effects have been to raise total income for most residents and to reduce substantially the urban-rural gap.
Case Report: Familial Central Diabetes Insipidus: Vasopressin and Nicotine Stimulated Neurophysin Deficiency with Subnormal Oxytocin and Estrogen Stimulated Neurophysin

Five members of a family with dominantly inherited diabetes insipidus were diagnosed and treated with deamino-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a vasopressin analogue given intranasally. All subjects demonstrated subnormal levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) by radioimmunoassay in response to cigarette smoke inhalation, a standardized nicotine stimulation test. Levels of oxytocin (OT) were found to be normal and unstimulated after cigarette inhalation in two subjects, but when two affected male siblings ingested OvulenRx, OT and ESN were stimulated to subnormal levels. After twelve months of DDAVP treatment, the low AVP response to nicotine was preserved whereas the carrier protein, nicotine stimulated neurophysin (NSN) remained undetectable.
Treatment of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura glomerulonephritis in children with high-dose corticosteroids plus oral cyclophosphamide.

Background: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a common childhood vasculitis with manifestations in numerous organ systems, including glomerulonephritis. Patients with more severe HS
Interaction of nitrogenase with nucleotide analogs of ATP and ADP and the effect of metal ions on ADP inhibition

Abstract The interaction of a large number of ATP and ADP analogs with nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Clostridium pasteurianum has been examined. Only 1,N6-etheno-ATP and 2′-deoxy-ATP served as substrates for acetylene reduction. Other triphosphates including GTP, ITP, 8-Br-ATP, α,β-methylene ATP, β,γ-methylene ATP, 6-chloropurine riboside triphosphate, and AMP-PNP were inert, showing less than 50% inhibition at levels up to two- to fivefold greater than ATP. Xanthosine triphosphate behaved simply as a chelator of magnesium, activating the enzyme at low levels but strongly inhibiting at high levels. When nucleotide diphosphates were tested as inhibitors with enzyme from A. vinelandii, GDP, dGDP, and 6-chloropurine riboside diphosphate were ineffective, XDP was three-to fivefold less effective, and dADP and 1,N6-etheno-ADP were about equally as effective as ADP. With enzyme from C. pasteurianum, dADP was twofold less effective than ADP, XDP was fivefold less effective, and IDP and 1,N6-etheno-ADP appeared to be ineffective. Results with enzyme from K. pneumoniae were very similar to those obtained with A. vinelandii. Different metal ions were tested in the presence of both ATP and ADP to determine whether preferential binding to one nucleotide or the other might alter the ADP ATP ratio needed for 50% inhibition of activity. Magnesium and manganese gave the same ratio, while with Fe and Co, slightly less ADP was required for equivalent inhibition. Nickel appeared to reduce the sensitivity of A. vinelandii nitrogenase to ADP inhibition while increasing that of C. pasteurianum, but both effects were less than twofold. Calcium, strontium, and aluminum ions were inert with enzymes from these organisms. Cd and Zn were also ineffective with K. pneumoniae. Two isomers of ATPβS were prepared by enzymatic synthesis from ADPβS. The A form was a more potent inhibitor of A. vinelandii nitrogenase.
Development of broadband multi-channel NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) imaging system for quantification of spatial distribution of hemoglobin derivatives

In this study, we report the development of a near infrared broadband, steady-state, multi-channel imaging system to quantify hemodynamic parameters, which is to be used for measuring the rat brain tumors in vivo. The imager was calibrated with laboratory phantoms to eliminate spectral effects of the CCD spectrometers, optical fibers, and multiplexer channels. The calibration procedures also help determine the source strength in order to obtain accurate image reconstructions. A multi-channel, multi-wavelength, spectrally constrained reconstruction algorithm is under development to obtain tomographic maps of concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives and reduced scattering coefficients. The developed imaging system and reconstruction algorithm were validated with dynamic multi-tube phantoms.
A meshfree method for incompressible fluid dynamics problems

We show that meshfree variational methods may be used for the solution of incompressible fluid dynamics problems using the R-function method (RFM). The proposed approach constructs an approximate solution that satisfies all prescribed boundary conditions exactly using approximate distance fields for portions of the boundary, transfinite interpolation, and computations on a non-conforming spatial grid. We give detailed implementation of the method for two common formulations of the incompressible fluid dynamics problem: first using scalar stream function formulation and then using vector formulation of the Navier-Stokes problem with artificial compressibility approach. Extensive numerical comparisons with commercial solvers and experimental data for the benchmark back-facing step channel problem reveal strengths and weaknesses of the proposed meshfree method.
First total synthesis of (+)-Vedelianin, a potent antiproliferative agent.

The total synthesis of (+)-vedelianin has been accomplished in 18 steps from vanillin. Preparation of a key intermediate in nonracemic form through a Shi epoxidation has allowed determination of the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product as the (2S,3R,4aR,9aR)-isomer.
Novel lightweight engineering artifacts for modeling non-functional requirements in agile processes

Agile software development methodologies, such as Scrum, have gained tremendous popularity and proven successful in quickly delivering quality Functional Requirements (FRs). However, agile methodologies have not adequately modeled Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) and their potential solutions (operationalizations) with FRs in early development phases. This research proposes three fundamental agile artifacts to model FRs, NFRs, and their potential solutions in a visual environment. First, FRs are modeled through Agile Use Cases (AUCs). Second, NFRs are modeled through Agile Loose Cases (ALCs). Third, NFRs potential solutions are modeled through Agile Choose Cases (ACCs). AUCs are newly proposed hybrid of use cases and agile user stories. ALCs are proposed loosely-defined agile NFRs. ACCs are proposed potential solutions (operationalizations) for ALCs. The three artifacts are combined in a visual framework to promote agile modeling of NFRs (primarily) and how they are linked to FRs. The artifacts are the building blocks of a more comprehensive framework for modeling NFRs in agile software development processes.
NMR detection of dynamical processes in antiferroelectric nanoclusters during the order-disorder transition in NH 4 H 2 AsO 4

We study the dynamics of inorganic antiferroelectric nanoclusters formed during an order-disorder transition and demonstrate the coexistence of the two phases in a region of 2--3 K around the transition temperature ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\sim}215$ K. Single crystals of ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$, a model hydrogen-bonded compound, show an antiferroelectric-paraelectric transition studied by means of highly sensitive magic angle spinning ${}^{15}\mathrm{N}$ NMR at 21.1 T. The phase coexistence is demonstrated by a double-peak structure of the chemical shift. Two-dimensional chemical exchange spectroscopy and spin-lattice relaxation time $({T}_{1})$ measurements show that the clusters are dynamic with sizes $\ensuremath{\sim}50$ nm and lifetimes approaching seconds as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{N}$. Their occupancy increases rapidly to fill the crystal volume below ${T}_{N}$. This study provides evidence for the commonality of the phase transitions in systems with electric properties and provides an improved spectroscopic method for such studies.
Stereochemical Implications on Diversity in β-Turn Peptidomimetic Libraries

Stereoisomers of compound 1 were prepared, and their preferred solution-phase conformations (in DMSO) were determined by a combination of NMR, CD, and molecular simulation approaches. It was shown that the stereochemistry of the pseudo i + 2 residue is the predominant consideration.
Reinstatement Effects on Retention at 3 Months of Age

Abstract In three experiments with 56 3-month-olds, we examined the effect of different numbers of reinstatements (reminders) on long-term retention. Infants learned to move a crib mobile by kicking and subsequently received one, two, or three reinstatements. Each reinstatement was a partial training episode one-sixth the duration of original training. Presenting a single reinstatement when the memory was inactive failed to recover it 1 day later (Experiment 1), but increasing the number of reinstatements when the memory was active to two (Experiment 2) and three (Experiment 3) progressively protracted retention. Although 3-month-olds typically remember for less than 6 days, after three reinstatements they still exhibited retention 6 weeks after training. Untrained controls who received an identical regimen of reinstatements exhibited no retention. These results demonstrate that periodic reinstatements can maintain young infants' retention over long delays and that the state of the memory at the time of reinstatement is critical to its effectiveness.
Treatment of Patients with Refractory Giardiasis

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common parasitic infections. Although standard treatments are usually curative, some immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as well as healthy patients, have giardiasis that is refractory to recommended regimens. We report our experience with 6 patients with giardiasis, for whom therapy with a combination of quinacrine and metronidazole resulted in cures for 5 of the 6 patients.