cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Re-Rooting American Women’s Activism: Global Perspectives on 1848

For many American women’s historians trained in the 1960s and 1970s, interest in the field was inspired by their engagement with women’s liberation. They were compelled by their politics to recover the roots of modern feminism. Many radical feminists initially found foremothers in the likes of Louise Michel, Emma Goldman, Crystal Eastman, and other turn-of-the-century socialist and anarchist women. Though women’s historians of this generation were driven by competing visions of feminism and thus embraced different foremothers, many sought to understand the present through a genealogical excavation of the past. This was particularly true for those studying women’s political activism, who moved from contemporary debates about sex equity back through suffrage (socialism too quickly fell by the wayside in the US) and then Seneca Falls. This chapter explores the implications of reaching Seneca Falls through this reverse chronological trajectory, and then suggests how we might rethink the history of women’s activism by re-embedding Seneca Falls in the world of 1848.
A trial of superovulation in ovum donors undergoing uterine lavage.

In an attempt to increase the number of fertilized ova recoverable by uterine lavage, the authors superovulated ovum donors using a combination of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin. Six women underwent seven lavage cycles with uterine flushes performed 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after ovulation and artificial insemination. Ova were recovered from three women between 96 and 144 hours after ovulation. However, no ova were recovered from the other three donors, two of whom were later noted to be pregnant. Retained pregnancies occurred despite postlavage administration of highdose contraceptive pills, endometrial aspiration, and, in one case, RU 486. None of the infertile women became pregnant as a result of the trial. The authors conclude that, although superovulation may increase ovum production, without reliable contragestion, such practice is unsafe for ovum donors undergoing uterine lavage.
Are There Benefits of Using Multiple Pedagogical Agents to Support and Foster Self-Regulated Learning in an Intelligent Tutoring System?

This study examined the proportional learning gains attained by 165 college students as they learned about the human circulatory system over two sessions with the intelligent tutoring system, MetaTutor. Results indicated that learners in the prompt and feedback condition, which were afforded the full capabilities of the four pedagogical agents PAs, attained significantly greater proportional learning gains than learners in the control condition who did not receive the same scaffolding. In addition, we also found that the amount of time spent with each PA produced different types of impacts on the learners, with Sam the Strategizer having the most influence on proportional learning gains. Lastly, results from the revised Agent Persona Inventory API, administered following the learning session with MetaTutor, revealed key findings regarding learners' overall retrospective affective reactions towards each individual PA. These results have implications for the design of future PAs capable of offering real-time and adaptive pedagogical instruction within Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITSs.
Anisotropy in ω Centauri and 47 Tucanae

The southern sky gives us the great opportunity to observe two among the brightest and nearest globular clusters of the Galaxy: ω Cen and 47 Tue. For these giant clusters, we present the comparison between observations and King-Michie multi-mass dynamical models with anisotropy in the velocity dispersion. A more comprehensive description of this work is to be published (Meylan 1986a,b).
individual learning in games

Economic experiments on strategic games typically generate data that, in early rounds, violate standard equilibrium predictions. However, subjects normally change their behaviour over time in response to experience. The study of learning in games is about how this behavioural change works empirically. This empirical investigation also has a theoretical payoff: if subjects’ behaviour converges to an equilibrium, the underlying learning model becomes a theory of equilibration. In games with multiple equilibria, this same model can also serve as a theory of equilibrium selection, a long-standing challenge for theorists.
Preventive effects of the RXR agonists targretin and UAB-30 in transgenic mouse models of estrogen receptor (ER) negative mammary cancer

B2 Two different RXR agonists were examined for their ability to inhibit the formation of ER negative mammary cancers in transgenic mice. Targretin is clinically employed in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma, and has as its primary side effect an increase in triglycerides levels. UAB-30 is a new RXR agonist (synthesized by modifying 9-cis-retinoic acid) that does not cause an increase in serum triglycerides. MMTV-Neu female mice were initially treated with dimethybenzanthracence (DMBA), 1.0 mg/mouse/week by gavage for 4 weeks. Beginning five days after the last DMBA treatment, diets were supplemented either with targretin (250 mg/kg diet) or UAB-30 (300 mg/kg diet). At 105 days after the last DMBA treatment, Targretin and UAB-30 reduced the multiplicity of mammary cancers by 72 and 61%, respectively (controls had a multiplicity of 5.7 cancers/mouse). Thus, both agonists were relatively effective. In addition, the preventive efficacy of Targretin (250 mg/kg diet), initiated either early (10 weeks of age) or late (24 weeks of age), was evaluated in female mice that were heterozygous both for MMTV-Neu and KO of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Treatment with Targretin early or late reduced mammary cancer incidence by 46 and 16% and cancer multiplicity by 69 and 56%, respectively. In contrast, Targretin failed to inhibit the formation of lymphomas or sarcomas; two cancers that often develop in these bitransgenic mice. In summary, both agents which were previously shown to be effective in inhibiting ER positive rat mammary cancers were also effective in inhibiting ER negative mammary cancers. Furthermore, it appears that these agents are effective even if treatment is delayed to a point when mammary lesions already exist.
Phase II study of bevacizumab plus irinotecan and carboplatin for recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant gliomas with no prior bevacizumab failure.

2095^ Background: No standard treatment exists for recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant glioma patients. Bevacizumab (BV) with irinotecan has significant anti-tumor activity for recurrent glioblastoma. Carboplatin has anti-glioma activity and can potentiate the cytotoxicity of irinotecan. We evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) of BV in combination to irinotecan and carboplatin in recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant gliomas, as well as its safety. Methods: Adult patients with measurable recurrent WHO grade 3 malignant glioma, ≥12 weeks after radiation therapy, ≥4 weeks after chemotherapy, with adequate organ function, KPS ≥70%, no prior failure or grade ≥3 toxicity to the agents, and no contraindications to BV were eligible for study. Patients received BV at 10 mg/kg with irinotecan on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The dose of irinotecan was 125 mg/m2 for patients not on enzyme inducing anti-epileptics (EIAEDs) and 340 mg/m2 for patients on EIAEDs. All patients received carboplatin at an AUC of 4 on da...
Parkinson's Disease-Associated LRRK2 Hyperactive Kinase Mutant Disrupts Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking in Ventral Midbrain Neurons.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized pathologically by the selective loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Recent evidence has suggested a role of LRRK2, linked to the most frequent familial PD, in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking. However, the mechanism whereby LRRK2 mutants contribute to nigral vulnerability remains unclear. Here we show that the most common PD mutation LRRK2 G2019S impairs SV endocytosis in ventral midbrain (MB) neurons, including DA neurons, and the slowed endocytosis can be rescued by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity. A similar endocytic defect, however, was not observed in LRRK2 mutant neurons from the neocortex (hereafter, cortical neurons) or the hippocampus, suggesting a brain region-specific vulnerability to the G2019S mutation. Additionally, we found MB-specific impairment of SV endocytosis in neurons carrying heterozygous deletion of SYNJ1 (PARK20), a gene that is associated with recessive Parkinsonism. Combining SYNJ1+/- and LRRK2 G2019S does not exacerbate SV endocytosis but impairs sustained exocytosis in MB neurons and alters specific motor functions of 1-year-old male mice. Interestingly, we show that LRRK2 directly phosphorylates synaptojanin1 in vitro, resulting in the disruption of endophilin-synaptojanin1 interaction required for SV endocytosis. Our work suggests a merge of LRRK2 and SYNJ1 pathogenic pathways in deregulating SV trafficking in MB neurons as an underlying molecular mechanism of early PD pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron-selective vulnerability in PD is essential for the development of targeted therapeutics. We report, for the first time, a nerve terminal impairment in SV trafficking selectively in MB neurons but not cortical neurons caused by two PARK genes: LRRK2 (PARK8) and SYNJ1 (PARK20). We demonstrate that the enhanced kinase activity resulting from the most frequent G2019S mutation in LRRK2 is the key to this impairment. We provide evidence suggesting that LRRK2 G2019S and SYNJ1 loss of function share a similar pathogenic pathway in deregulating DAergic neuron SV endocytosis and that they play additive roles in facilitating each other's pathogenic functions in PD.
Ultrasensitive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Analysis of a DNA Adduct of the Carcinogen Benzo[a]pyrene in Human Lung.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an archetypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is classified as “carcinogenic to humans” and is ubiquitous in the environment, as evident by the measurable levels of BaP metabolites in virtually all human urine samples examined. BaP carcinogenicity is believed to occur mainly through its covalent modification of DNA, resulting in the formation of BPDE–N2-dG, an adduct formed between deoxyguanosine and a diol epoxide metabolite of BaP, with subsequent mutation of critical growth control genes. In spite of the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based detection of BPDE–N2-dG in BaP-treated rodents, and indirectly through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection of BaP-7,8,9,10-tetraols released from human DNA upon acid hydrolysis, BPDE–N2-dG adducts have rarely if ever been observed directly in human samples using LC–MS techniques, even though sophisticated methodologies have been employed which should have had sufficient sensitivity. With this...
High Prevalence of Cirrhosis at Initial Presentation Among Safety-Net Adults with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Background and aims Delays in diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) may be more common among underserved safety-net populations, contributing to more advanced disease at presentation. We aim to evaluate rates of and predictors of cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications among adults with chronic HBV. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive chronic HBV adults from gastroenterology clinics from July 2014 to May 2016 at a community-based safety-net hospital. Prevalence of cirrhosis or cirrhosis-related complications (ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) at initial presentation was stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Predictors of cirrhosis or cirrhosis-related complications at presentation were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 329 chronic HBV patients (mean age 49.1 years, 55.3% male, 66.5% Asian, 18.6% HBeAg positive) 27.7% had cirrhosis at presentation, 4.3% ascites, 3.7% variceal bleeding, 4.9% HE, and 4.0% HCC. Compared to women, men were more likely to have cirrhosis (34.6% vs. 19.1%, P Conclusion Among adults with chronic HBV at an ethnically diverse safety-net hospital system, nearly 30% of patients had cirrhosis at initial presentation, with the greatest risk seen among patients of male sex, older age, and with positive HBeAg.
HIV Education and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Abstract Purpose: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have nearly 80 times the lifetime risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relative to men who have sex with women only (MSW), and young MSM (YMSM) accounted for 95% of estimated HIV diagnoses among adolescents between 13 and 24 years in 2015. We aimed to evaluate HIV education and sexual risk behaviors among YMSM relative to young MSW (YMSW) and to evaluate the relationship between HIV education and YMSM sexual risk behaviors. Methods: We used Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data from 13 states that collected information on sex of sexual contacts and on HIV education in 2011 and/or 2013. We assessed HIV education, number of sexual partners ever and in the past three months, and condom use at last sex in logistic regression analyses controlling for age, race/ethnicity, state, and year. Results: YMSM were less likely to report school-based HIV education and more likely to report sexual risk behaviors relative to YMSW. HIV education was associated ...
The Ghosts of Guerrilla Memory: How Civil War Bushwhackers Became Gunslingers in the American West Athens: Hulbert, Matthew Christopher, University of Georgia Press 344 pp., $29.95, ISBN 978-0820350028 Publication Date: October 2016

A rewarding movement in Civil War scholarship has reoriented how we understand the war by placing its geographic and interpretive center further west. This shift has reconfigured the cast of charac...
Vacuum-Assisted Low-Temperature Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin-Film Electrodes for High-Performance Transparent and Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors.

Simple and easily integrated design of flexible and transparent electrode materials affixed to polymer-based substrates hold great promise to have a revolutionary impact on the functionality and performance of energy storage devices for many future consumer electronics. Among these applications are touch sensors, roll-up displays, photovoltaic cells, health monitors, wireless sensors, and wearable communication devices. Here, we report an environmentally friendly, simple, and versatile approach to produce optically transparent and mechanically flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor devices. These supercapacitors were constructed on tin-doped indium oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate substrates by intercalation of a polymer-based gel electrolyte between two reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin-film electrodes. The rGO electrodes were fabricated simply by drop-casting of graphene oxide (GO) films, followed by a novel low-temperature (≤250 °C) vacuum-assisted annealing approach for the in situ reduction o...
Bulk Fermi Surfaces of the Dirac Type-II Semimetallic Candidates MAl_{3} (Where M=V, Nb, and Ta).

We report a de Haas--van Alphen (dHvA) effect study on the Dirac type-II semimetallic candidates $M{\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$ (where, $M=\mathrm{V}$, Nb and Ta). The angular dependence of their Fermi surface (FS) cross-sectional areas reveals a remarkably good agreement with our first-principles calculations. Therefore, dHvA supports the existence of tilted Dirac cones with Dirac type-II nodes located at 100, 230 and 250 meV above the Fermi level ${ϵ}_{F}$ for ${\mathrm{VAl}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{NbAl}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{TaAl}}_{3}$ respectively, in agreement with the prediction of broken Lorentz invariance in these compounds. However, for all three compounds we find that the cyclotron orbits on their FSs, including an orbit nearly enclosing the Dirac type-II node, yield trivial Berry phases. We explain this via an analysis of the Berry phase where the position of this orbit, relative to the Dirac node, is adjusted within the error implied by the small disagreement between our calculations and the experiments. We suggest that a very small amount of doping could displace ${ϵ}_{F}$ to produce topologically nontrivial orbits encircling their Dirac node(s).
Diseño de un pozo geonavegado usando sistemas rotativos direccionales híbridos

This article will show the design of a well to the K1 lateral navigation Training in the Oilfield Castilla Ecopetrol S.A. reducing drilling four days about the best studied well which was performed in 15.6 days at a savings of up to$ 320,000. Well design has been carried out in 5 steps, technology research, trajectory design, BHA design, technical discussion and economical discussion.
Soft Separation Democracy

How do nonsecular democracies govern religion? Despite two decades of research on the many ways that church and state overlap in modern democracies, scholars lack an adequate answer to this question. Many consolidated democracies have a soft separation between church and state rather than a wall. These are not defective versions of democracy, but rather poorly understood institutional arrangements. To remedy this lacuna, this paper investigates institutional arrangements in six consolidated democracies with a soft separation between church and state: Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, India, Indonesia, and Switzerland. After describing the institutional workings of these states, the paper develops hypotheses for the origins of soft separation democracy as well as addressing the challenges of this form of government. The paper concludes by suggesting three other potentially fruitful lines of analysis as well as elucidating the implications of soft separation democracy for U.S. foreign policy.
Path Problems in Complex Networks

In this chapter network path problems arising in several different domains have been discussed. Based on the different characteristics of the paths typical to the nature of the application domain, a general classification of the problems has been made. The goal of path computation may be finding a single path or multiple paths between a source-destination node pair in a network. In case of multiple path computation, one may seek to find totally disjoint or partially disjoint paths. In this chapter, two problems corresponding to a single path scenario and two corresponding to a multiple path scenario have been discussed in four different subsections. In these subsections, the problems have been formally defined first, followed by discussion on the proposed algorithms for solution of the problems, complexity analysis and experimental results.
A Learning Algorithm for the Control of Continuous Action Set-Point Regulator Systems

The convergence properties for reinforcement learning approaches, such as temporal differences and Q-learning, have been established under moderate assumptions for discrete state and action spaces. In practice, however, many systems have either continuous action spaces or a large number of discrete elements. This paper presents an approximate dynamic programming approach to reinforcement learning for continuous action set-point regulator problems, which learns near-optimal control policies based on scalar performance measures. The continuous-action space (CAS) algorithm uses derivative-free line search methods to obtain the optimal action in the continuous space. The theoretical convergence properties of the algorithm are presented. Several heuristic stopping criteria are investigated and practical application is illustrated by two example problems—the inverted pendulum balancing problem and the power system stabilization problem.
Surgical Exposure in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty

Revision shoulder arthroplasty is technically more demanding and inherently fraught with more complications than primary arthroplasty. This chapter will review the preoperative assessment of the painful arthroplasty to identify one of the many reasons for failure that will help direct future intervention. Once a decision to pursue revision shoulder arthroplasty has been made, we discuss the preoperative planning required to ensure all equipment and implants will be available on the day of surgery. Next, we present our preferred surgical exposure technique including deltopectoral interval development, adhesion take down, axillary nerve identification and protection, subscapularis management, humeral and glenoid exposure, and releases to accomplish improved exposure should osteotomies be required. Based on our experience, we highlight pearls that are key to successful revision shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of altered anatomy, scar tissue and adhesions, bone loss, and soft tissue deficiency.
Recursive Piecewise-Linear Approximation Methods for Nonlinear Networks

The use of recursive piecewise-linear approximations in network optimization problems with convex separable objectives allows the utilization of fast solution methods for the corresponding linear network subproblems. Piecewise-linear approximations also enjoy many advantages over other types of approximations, including the ability to utilize simultaneously information from infeasible as well as feasible points (so that results of Lagrangian relaxations may be directly employed in the approximation), guaranteed decrease in the objective without the need for any line search, and easily computed and tight bounds on the optimal value. The speed of this approach will be exemplified by the presentation of computational results for large-scale nonlinear networks arising from econometric and water supply system applications.
Role of medical and molecular imaging in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to climb on the podium of the leading causes of mortality worldwide in the upcoming decade. Clinical diagnosis of COPD has classically relied upon detecting irreversible airflow obstruction on pulmonary function testing as a global assessment of pulmonary physiology. However, the outcome is still not favorable to decrease mortality due to COPD. Progress made in both medical and molecular imaging fields are beginning to offer additional tools to address this clinical problem. This review aims to describe medical and molecular imaging modalities used to diagnose COPD and to select patients for appropriate treatments and to monitor response to therapy.
Expression of delta-like protein 3 is reproducibly present in a subset of small cell lung carcinomas and pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

Abstract Objectives Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), an inhibitory Notch ligand, is the target for rovalpituzumab tesirine in development for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We studied the expression of DLL3, its reproducibility and prognostic role in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Materials and Methods Institutional pathology files were searched for resected pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (1995–2017). Expression of DLL3 (clone SP347) was categorized as high (≥50% of tumor cells) or low ( Results Our study included 157 patients with a median age of 62.2 years (range 23.2–88.1) including 59 men (37.6%). Tumors included 44 (28.0%) SCLC, 46 (29.3%) atypical and 67 (42.7%) typical carcinoid tumors at stages I (N = 83, 56.1%), II (N = 28, 18.9%), and III/IV (N = 37, 25.0%). Interobserver agreement for high vs low DLL3 expression (N = 70) was 82.9% (α = 0.79, substantial). High DLL3 expression was observed in 35 (79.5%) SCLC, 17 (37.0%) atypical and 22 (32.8%) typical carcinoid tumors. High DLL3 was associated with SCLC morphology (p Conclusions DLL3 expression is reliably quantifiable by pathologists and is highly expressed in the majority of SCLC and a subset of carcinoid tumors, making it an attractive target for anti-DLL3 treatment.
Impacts of Hurricane Irma on Florida Bay Islands, Everglades National Park, USA

Hurricane Irma made landfall in south Florida, USA, on September 10, 2017 as a category 4 storm. In January 2018, fieldwork was conducted on four previously (2014) sampled islands in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park to examine changes between 2014 and 2018. The objectives were to determine if the net impact of the storm was gain or loss of island landmass and/or elevation; observe and quantify impacts to mangroves; and identify distinctive sedimentary, biochemical, and/or geochemical signatures of the storm. Storm overwash deposits were measured in the field and, in general, interior island mudflats appeared to experience deposition ranging from ~ 0.5 to ~ 6.5 cm. Elevation changes were measured using real-time kinematic positioning and satellite receivers. Comparison of 2014 to 2018 elevation measurements indicates mangrove berms and transitional areas between mudflats and berms experienced erosion and loss of elevation, whereas interior mudflats gained elevation, possibly due to Hurricane Irma. Geographic information system analysis of pre- and post-storm satellite imagery indicates the western-most island, closest to the eye of the storm, lost 32 to 42% (~ 11 to 13 m) of the width of the eastern berm, and vegetated coverage was reduced 9.3% or ~ 9700 m2. Vegetated coverage on the eastern-most island was reduced by 1.9% or ~ 9200 m2. These results are compared to previous accounts of hurricane impacts and provide a baseline for examining long-term constructive and destructive aspects of hurricanes on the islands and the role of storms in resiliency of Florida Bay islands.
Apixaban Does Not Interfere With Protein S or Activated Protein C Resistance (Factor V Leiden) Testing Using aPTT-Based Methods.

Context.— Apixaban causes a false increase in activated protein C resistance (APCR) ratios and possibly protein S activity. Objective.— To investigate whether this increase can mask a diagnosis of ...
Hyperawareness of Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients with Mild Closed Head Injuries: A Preliminary Investigation

This study investigated awareness in mild closed head injured (CHI) patients by comparing patient and significant other ratings on personality and neuropsychological items. Twenty CHI patients, their significant others, and 20 control participants and their significant others completed the DSM-IV aligned, Coolidge Axis II Inventory. The CHI group rated themselves significantly higher than controls on the neuropsychological dysfunction scale indicative, perhaps, not only of an awareness of deficits, but even a kind of hyperawareness of deficits. The CHI group also rated themselves significantly lower than the controls on the emotional control scale. There were no differences between the two groups in their self-ratings or on the significant other ratings on the executive function (EF) deficits, anxiety, depression, or social interactions scales. Overall, CHI patients more often appeared hyperaware of their neuropsychological deficits and emotional limitations than unaware of these deficits. The discussion explores implications of the findings.
Intelligent, Autonomous Machines in Surgery

Surgeons perform two primary tasks: operating and engaging patients and caregivers in shared decision-making. Human dexterity and decision-making are biologically limited. Intelligent, autonomous machines have the potential to augment or replace surgeons. Rather than regarding this possibility with denial, ire, or indifference, surgeons should understand and steer these technologies. Closer examination of surgical innovations and lessons learned from the automotive industry can inform this process. Innovations in minimally invasive surgery and surgical decision-making follow classic S-shaped curves with three phases: (1) introduction of a new technology, (2) achievement of a performance advantage relative to existing standards, and (3) arrival at a performance plateau, followed by replacement with an innovation featuring greater machine autonomy and less human influence. There is currently no level I evidence demonstrating improved patient outcomes using intelligent, autonomous machines for performing operations or surgical decision-making tasks. History suggests that if such evidence emerges and if the machines are cost effective, then they will augment or replace humans, initially for simple, common, rote tasks under close human supervision and later for complex tasks with minimal human supervision. This process poses ethical challenges in assigning liability for errors, matching decisions to patient values, and displacing human workers, but may allow surgeons to spend less time gathering and analyzing data and more time interacting with patients and tending to urgent, critical-and potentially more valuable-aspects of patient care. Surgeons should steer these technologies toward optimal patient care and net social benefit using the uniquely human traits of creativity, altruism, and moral deliberation.
Eyes on the Road: Detecting Phone Usage by Drivers Using On-Device Cameras

Using a phone while driving is distracting and dangerous. It increases the accident chances by 400%. Several techniques have been proposed in the past to detect driver distraction due to phone usage. However, such techniques usually require instrumenting the user or the car with custom hardware. While detecting phone usage in the car can be done by using the phone's GPS, it is harder to identify whether the phone is used by the driver or one of the passengers. In this paper, we present a lightweight, software-only solution that uses the phone's camera to observe the car's interior geometry to distinguish phone position and orientation. We then use this information to distinguish between driver and passenger phone use. We collected data in 16 different cars with 33 different users and achieved an overall accuracy of 94% when the phone is held in hand and 92.2% when the phone is docked (1 sec. delay). With just a software upgrade, this work can enable smartphones to proactively adapt to the user's context in the car and and substantially reduce distracted driving incidents.
Associations of pituitary-ovarian hormones and white matter hyperintensities in recently menopausal women using hormone therapy

OBJECTIVE Little is known about how menopausal hormone treatment (HT) may influence the development of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the brain. This study evaluated the associations of changes in levels of pituitary-ovarian hormones during HT and changes in WMH. METHODS Women (n = 78 adherent to treatment) enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, and blood collection before and after 48 months of randomization to 0.45 mg/d oral conjugated equine estrogen (oCEE) daily, 50 μg/d transdermal 17β estradiol (tE2), or placebo pills and patches. Women in the active treatment groups also received oral 200 mg/d micronized progesterone the first 12 days of the month. Estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in serum by high sensitivity liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry at baseline and following 48 months of HT. Longitudinal change in WMH volume was determined from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a semiautomated image segmentation algorithm. RESULTS Serum levels of FSH, LH, E1, or E2 did not associate with WMH volume at baseline. After 48 months of treatment, smaller increases in WMH associated with decreases in FSH from baseline in the tE2 group and increases in E1 in both tE2 and oCEE groups. Changes in LH did not associate with changes in WMH in any group. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of pituitary-ovarian hormones associate with changes in WMH volume in recently menopausal women using HT. Whether these relationships would be influenced by different doses of tE2 or oCEE remains to be determined. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A590.
Serial genomic analysis of endometrium supports the existence of histologically indistinct endometrial cancer precursors

The endometrium is unique as an accessible anatomic location that can be repeatedly biopsied and where diagnostic biopsies do not extirpate neoplastic lesions. We exploited these features to retrospectively characterize serial genomic alterations along the precancer/cancer continuum in individual women. Cases were selected based on (1) endometrial cancer diagnosis/hysterectomy and (2) preceding serial endometrial biopsies including for some patients an early biopsy before a precancer histologic diagnosis. A comprehensive panel was designed for endometrial cancer genes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens for each cancer, preceding biopsies, and matched germline samples were subjected to barcoded high-throughput sequencing to identify mutations and track their origin and allelic frequency progression. In total, 92 samples from 21 patients were analyzed, providing an opportunity for new insights into early endometrial cancer progression. Definitive invasive endometrial cancers exhibited expected mutational spectra, and canonical driver mutations were detectable in preceding biopsies. Notably, ≥1 cancer mutations were detected prior to the histopathologic diagnosis of an endometrial precancer in the majority of patients. In 18/21 cases, ≥1 mutations were confirmed by abnormal protein levels or subcellular localization by immunohistochemistry, confirming genomic data and providing unique views of histologic correlates. In 19 control endometria, mutation counts were lower, with a lack of canonical endometrial cancer hotspot mutations. Our study documents the existence of endometrial lesions that are histologically indistinct but are bona fide endometrial cancer precursors. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multimodal genomic markers predict immunotherapy response in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has had a major impact on the clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, clinical responses to ICB are observed in only a fraction of patients. In the present paper, we used multimodal approaches to a) evaluate the utility of existing ICB biomarkers including tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and a T-cell specific signature in predicting therapy response in HNSCC using TCGA cohort, and; b) identify a novel molecular signature to predict ICB therapy response using an ICB clinical trial of HNSCC. Our results confirm previous reports showing TMB efficacy as a biomarker and its outcome can be influenced by age, tumor sub-site, and smoking status; and that High-TMB and high-MSI tumors are associated with T-cell signature, and better survival probability in the HNSCC. We go on to demonstrate that High-TMB and high-MSI utilizes cell-cycle/cell proliferation processes for their molecular functionality; and identify a novel Cell Proliferation ICB-therapy Predicting (CPIP) signature capable of predicting ICB therapy response in HNSCC, retrospectively, where traditional biomarkers of ICB response were insufficient. In summary, the present study defines strategies and novel signatures that can be appropriately used for patient selection for ICB therapy that can improve the clinical outcomes of HNSCC patients.
The Knowledge-Base of Clinical Medicine: Its Necessary Forms

The most profound conceptual challenge in contemporary medicine is that of grasping the generic form of the ultimately relevant knowledge-base of clinical medicine. It defines the terms in which the knowledge-base of clinical medicine now should be codified for expert systems in particular. As for diagnostic expert systems for primary care, is the form of the knowledge-base to be seen to be that of ‘decision trees’?; or does it, instead, consist of likelihood ratios for the realisations of each of the diagnostic indicators that are based on the initial history-taking and physical examination in the context of a given type of patient presentation? Or, is there a conception more rational than either one of these? There is. And it is critically important to come to terms with this, including for fundamental orientation in the research to advance the knowledge-base of clinical medicine
Investigation of noise from full-scale high bypass engine and blown flap system

A summary is presented of an acoustic test program for investigating engine noise suppression and jet/flap interaction noise associated with an EBF STOL powered lift system. A highly suppressed TF-34 engine and EBF wing were used in the investigation. The engine was suppressed 21 PndB to a level of 94 PndB. An UTW powered lift system was tested with conventional, mixer, and decayer-type nozzles. The configuration with velocity decayer nozzle and acoustically treated shroud had the lowest noise (98 PndB). An OTW configuration with non-decayer nozzle was about 10 db quieter than the corresponding UTW system. UTW and OTW noise data are compared with scale model correlations.
Abstract 15486: Intramyocardial Gene Therapy With a Novel Angiogenic Molecule, Pellino-1 Preserves Functions and Increases Cell Survivability in a Mouse Myocardial Infarction Model

Introduction: Our present study attempted to evaluate the effect of Pellino1 (Peli1) overexpression on angiogenesis and myocardial function by intramyocardial administration of adenovirus encoding Peli1 (Ad.Peli1) following myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Methods: CD-1/ICR mice were divided into six groups: Control Sham (CS); Control MI (CMI); Adeno-LacZ Sham (Ad.LacZS); Adeno-LacZ MI (Ad.LacZMI); Adeno-Pellino1 Sham (Ad.Peli1S) and Adeno-Pellino1 MI (Ad.Peli1MI). MI was induced by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Following LAD ligation or sham surgery Ad.LacZ or Ad.Peli1 was injected at 4 border zone sites to either Ad.LacZS/Ad.LaczMI or Ad.Peli1S/Ad.Peli1MI groups respectively. Heart tissue was collected 24 hours post MI for Western blot analysis,4 days for gap junction protein and 30 days later for immunohistochemistry after echocardiographic analysis. Results: Echocardiographic analysis revealed increased ejection fraction [48±0.75 vs. 33±0.98% (n=10-11);p<0.05] and fractional shortening [24±0.49 vs. 16±0.51% (n=10-11) p<0.05] along with decreased LVIDs [3.74±0.14 vs. 5.21±0.19(mm) (n=10-11); p<0.05] in the Ad.Peli1MI as compared to the Ad.LacZMI group. Immunohistochemical analysis for fibrosis with picrosirius red staining exhibited a decrease in collagen deposition in Ad.Peli1MI group [16±1.05 vs. 29±2.05% (n=8); p<0.0001] as compared to Ad.LacZMI group. Connexin-43, a major ventricular gap junction protein was found to be significantly expressed in Ad.Peli1MI group compared to Ad.LacZMI. Ad.Peli1 gene therapy after MI increased capillary density [2342±122 vs. 1776±54 counts/mm2 (n=6);p<0.05] as compared to the Ad.LacZMI group. Western blot analysis 24h after MI revealed increased phosphorylation of Akt (3.4 fold), eNOS (1.9fold) and MK2 (1.7fold) with Ad.Peli1 treatment compared to Ad.LacZ. Similar experiments conducted with Peli1KO mice also revealed decreased DNA binding activity of NFκB activity by Gel-shift analysis 8 h after MI. Conclusion: Taken together, these data shows the potential of Peli1 gene therapy in inducing angiogenesis and reducing ventricular remodeling in the infarcted myocardium.
Controlled-Release Oxycodone Admissions in Public and Private Substance Abuse Treatment: Associations with Organizational Characteristics

Abstract Although non-medical use of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone is increasing, little is known about the substance abuse treatment facilities serving individuals dependent on this medication. This study examines the associations between the characteristics of treatment organizations and two dependent variables: any CR-oxycodone admissions and the number of CR-oxycodone admissions in the past six months. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with administrators of 363 publicly funded and 401 privately funded treatment centers in the US. Publicly funded non-profit organizations were less likely to have treated this population than government-owned, privately funded non-profit, and for-profit treatment centers. Some evidence indicated the availability of pharmacotherapies and detoxification services were associated with the dependent variables. Twelve-step programs were more likely to have treated oxycodone-dependent clients. Rural facilities treated significantly more clients than those in metropoli...
Party Voting Cohesion in Mixed Member Legislative Systems: Evidence from Korea and Taiwan

How do mixed-member legislative systems influence legislator voting? While the literature remains inconclusive, this article suggests party influence as an intervening variable. Through an analysis of roll-call data from Taiwan and Korea, no deviation is evident between district legislators and legislators elected by proportional representation. Further disaggregation of what it means to vote against one's party again finds little evidence of a tier distinction, while party variables remain significant. The findings are suggestive of a contamination effect between tiers, consistent with the influence of parties.
Central Banks, Asset Bubbles, and Financial Stability

With the rapid disappearance of product (goods and services) inflation as the major policy concern for central banks in many countries over the last decade, asset price inflation (bubbles) and financial stability have increasingly become important concerns. A recent survey by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported serious banking and financial market problems in more than 130 of its 180 plus member countries since 1980, and that was before the most recent round of financial crises in Asia (Lindgren, Garcia, and Saal, 1996). The cost of resolving these crises is high. The transfer costs from the use of public (taxpayer) funds to finance the negative net worths of insolvent banks and at times of other financial institutions resulting from the shortfall of the market value of the institutions’ assets from the par value of their deposit and other liabilities, which are explicitly or implicitly protected from loss by the government, exceeded 10 percent of GDP in a significant number of countries.
Using ecological niche modelling to evaluate niche stability in deep time

Aim To investigate relative niche stability in species responses to various types of environmental pressure (biotic and abiotic) on geological time-scales using the fossil record. Location The case study focuses on Late Ordovician articulate brachiopods of the Cincinnati Arch in eastern North America. Methods Species niches were modelled for a suite of fossil brachiopod species based on five environmental variables inferred from sedimentary parameters using GARP and Maxent. Niche stability was assessed by comparison of (1) the degree of overlap of species distribution models developed for a time-slice and those generated by projecting niche models of the previous time-slice onto environmental layers of a second time-slice using GARP and Maxent, (2) Schoener’s D statistic, and (3) the similarity of the contribution of each environmental parameter within Maxent niche models between adjacent time-slices. Results Late Ordovician brachiopod species conserved their niches with high fidelity during intervals of gradual environmental change but responded to inter-basinal species invasions through niche evolution. Both native and invasive species exhibited similar levels of niche evolution in the invasion and post-invasion intervals. Niche evolution was related mostly to decreased variance within the former ecological niche parameters rather than to shifts to new ecospace. Main conclusions Although the species examined exhibited morphological stasis during the study interval, high levels of niche conservatism were observed only during intervals of gradual environmental change. Rapid environmental change, notably inter-basinal species invasions, resulted in high levels of niche evolution among the focal taxa. Both native and invasive species responded with similar levels of niche evolution during the invasion interval and subsequent environmental reorganization. The assumption of complete niche conservatism frequently employed in ecological niche modelling (ENM) analyses to forecast or hindcast species geographical distributions is more likely to be accurate for climate change studies than for invasive species analyses over geological time-scales.
Observer-based control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

The so-called sensorless control problem for permanent magnet synchronous motors is studied. Specifically, discrete time observer algorithms are designed to estimate the angular position and velocity of the rotor using measurements of only the stator currents. These motion estimates are subsequently used for either velocity or position trajectory tracking discrete-time controller algorithms. The method for observer design is based on inversion of certain algebraic mappings that relate unknown state variables to measured outputs. The derivations of these mappings are facilitated by a time-scale decomposition that takes advantage of separated mechanical and electrical time constants. Rank assumptions related to these mappings clarify the underlying observability requirements and, in fact, lead to a method for maintaining observability at zero velocity. Detailed numerical simulations demonstrate successful sensorless motion control. >
Gibbs energy of aluminous minerals

The discrepancy between the tabulated Gibbs Energies of Formation for Al2SiO5 and corundum relative to muscovite and kaolinite is considered to lie principally with the latter two minerals. New values for heat of formation of gibbsite [Gbs] will affect the tabulated ΔH f 0 , ΔG f(298,1) 0 for the other aluminous minerals which are referred to gibbsite as calorimetric aluminum reference. Gibbs Energy Difference Functions, calculated from phase equilibria in the system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-(H2O-CO2), can be used to estimate consistent ΔH f 0 , ΔG f(298,1) 0 values for aluminous minerals. A self consistent data set is presented referred to ΔG f(298,1) 0 [Corundum]=−378.08 kcal mol−1. Two independent values for ΔG f(298,1) 0 [Anorthite]=−961.52 and −960.29 kcal, from a recalculation of the ΔH f 0 [Anor] based upon the revised ΔH f(298,1) 0 [Gbs]=−309.325 kcal mol−1 and from measurement of silica activity on the anorthite-saturated part of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 liquidus, respectively, are considered to show the magnitude of the discrepancy and are used in the calculations.