cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEONATE

The first week of the infant's extra-uterine existence permits an opportunity to evaluate the human organism in its first major adjustment, that of survival, utilizing his own resources. Physical reorganization needs to be well-nigh complete (Smith, 1953), and the physiological variations in this adjustment between infants are numerous. The condition of the infant at birth as well as the changes which ensue in the first week may reflect the infant's intra-uterine experience, and certainly give us a clue as to the extent of stress experienced by him in the birth process. The individual variations in physical equipment at birth may be an indication of his future physical potential. The psychophysiological homeostatic mechanisms which can be observed in this first week may also be of value in predicting and understanding the infant's adaptation to his environment and to future stress. Phyllis Greenacre (1945) feels that each infant reacts in a characteristic way to the stress of the birth process, and that a prototype for future anxiety is established at this time. Since physical reorganization must take precedence in this period, physiological changes dominate the observable reactions of the infant. Methods which account for physical variables are necessary in order to uncover the subtler innate individual differences which may point to future personality potential. Repeated observations in the first week, accounting for day-to-day physiological variations, are valuable in uncovering
Should the Cost-of-living Index Provide the Conceptual Framework for a Consumer Price Index?

In some countries, the cost-of-living (COL) index serves as the conceptual framework for the CPI, but it has been rejected in others. This paper reviews issues that have arisen in the statistical agency debate and in the economics literature on the COL index, including rhetorical matters which have influenced the debate. I contend that COL theoiy is useful as a decision-making framework in estimating components of the CPI, and that COL index theory provides appropriate guidance for measuring consumer inflation, contrary to the view that has been adopted for the European HICP and expressed by an advisory committee for the RPI. In several countries (the United States, Netherlands, Sweden), the theory of the cost-of-living (COL) index provides the conceptual framework for the country's consumer price index (CPI)-see United States Department of Labor (1997), Balk (1994), and Dalen (1999). Others reject the cost-of-living index framework-an example is the Australian Bureau of Statistics (1997). Rejection of the COL index is also explicit in an RPI advisory committee recommendation in the United Kingdom. In still other countries, Canada being an example, official documents for the CPI are ambiguous about the role of the COL index (Statistics Canada, 1995). The international guideline for consumer price indexes, the ILO manual (Turvey, 1989), does not even mention the COL index. The question has taken on heightened interest recently. Part of the stimulus comes from the European Union's relatively new Harmonised Indexes of Consumer Prices (HICP). For the HICPs, Eurostat has rejected the COL
Mg2+ enhances high affinity [3H]8-HYDROXY-2-(DI-N-PROPYLAMINO) tetralin binding and guanine nucleotide modulation of serotonin-1a receptors

AbstractThe effects of MgCl2 on the binding of the serotonin 1a (5HT1a) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT) to bovine hippocampal membranes were investigated. MgCl2 was found to enhance both [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding and guanine nucleotide modulation of high affinity binding. The effect of Mg2+ on promoting high affinity agonist binding was due to a 3.3 fold decrease in the dissociation constant rather than an increase in the number of binding sites. Mg2+ acted to increase the efficacy of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog 5′ guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp) in promoting the interconversion of high and low affinity states. Addition of MgCl2 significantly increased the sensitivity of [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding to GppNHp, decreasing the concentration needed for half-maximal inhibition of binding from greater than 50 µM to 300 nM. Our findings that Mg2+ enhances high affinity [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding without change in number of binding sites and that guanine nucleotide modulation of bind...
Contract-based data structure repair using alloy

Contracts and specifications have long been used in object-oriented design, programming and testing to enhance reliability before software deployment. However, the use of specifications in deployed software is commonly limited to runtime checking where assertions form a basis for detecting incorrect program states to terminate the erroneous executions. This paper presents a contract-based approach for data structure repair, which allows repairing erroneous executions in deployed software by repairing erroneous states. The key novelty is the support for rich behavioral specifications, such as those that relate pre-states with post-states of the method to accurately specify expected behavior and hence to enable precise repair. The approach is based on the view of a specification as a nondeterministic implementation, which may permit a high degree of non-determinism. The key insight is to use any correct state mutations by an otherwise erroneous execution to prune the non-determinism in the specification, thereby transmuting the specification to an implementation that does not incur a prohibitively high performance penalty. While invariants, pre-conditions and post-conditions could be provided in different modeling languages, we leverage the Alloy tool-set, specifically the Alloy language and the Alloy Analyzer for systematically repairing erroneous states. Four different algorithms are presented and implemented in our data structure repair framework. Experiments using complex specifications show the approach holds much promise in increasing software reliability.
The design of artifacts for augmenting intellect

Fifty years ago, Doug Engelbart created a conceptual framework for augmenting human intellect in the context of problem-solving. We expand upon Engelbart's framework and use his concepts of process hierarchies and artifact augmentation for the design of personal intelligence augmentation (IA) systems within the domains of memory, motivation, decision making, and mood. This paper proposes a systematic design methodology for personal IA devices, organizes existing IA research within a logical framework, and uncovers underexplored areas of IA that could benefit from the invention of new artifacts.
Clinic and Emergency Room Evaluation and Testing of Headache

Background Evaluation of the headache patient in the outpatient clinic and emergency department (ED) has different focuses and goals. The focus of this paper is to review the evaluation of patients in both settings with mention of evaluation in the pediatric and pregnant patient population. The patient's history should drive the practitioner's decision and evaluation choices. We review recommendations made by the American Board of Internal Medicine and American Headache Society through the Choosing Wisely Campaign, which has an emphasis on choosing the right imaging modality for the clinical situation and elimination/prevention of medication overuse headache, as well as the US Headache Consortium guidelines for migraine headache. We will also review focusing on ED evaluation of the pediatric patient and pregnant patient presenting with headache. Conclusion At the end of the review we hope to have provided you with a framework to think about the headache patient and what is the appropriate test in the given clinical setting in order to ensure that the patient gets the right diagnosis and is set on a path to the appropriate management plan.
SCI networking for shared-memory computing in UPC: blueprints of the GASNet SCI conduit

Unified Parallel C (UPC) is a programming model for shared-memory parallel computing on shared- and distributed-memory systems. The Berkeley UPC software, which operates on top of their Global Addressing Space Networking (GASNet) communication system, is a portable, high-performance implementation of UPC for large-scale clusters. The Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI), a torus-based system-area network (SAN), is known for its ability to provide very low latency transfers as well as its direct support for both shared-memory and message-passing communications. High-speed clusters constructed around SCI promise to he a potent platform for large-scale UPC applications. This work introduces the design of the core API for the new SCI conduit for GASNet and UPC, which is based on active messages (AM). Latency and bandwidth data were collected and are compared with raw SCI results and with other existing GASNet conduits. The outcome shows that the new GASNet SCI conduit is able to provide promising performance in support of UPC applications.
Diffusion of gases in polymer blends near the lower critical solution temperature

Gas diffusion through miscible blends of polystyrene (PS) with poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (PSAN) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is studied from temperatures below the corresponding lower critical solution temperature (LCST) to temperatures above. The Arrhenius equation describes the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of pure components. Diffusion coefficients of methane in the 20/80 PS/PVME blend also follow the Arrhenius equation in the temperature ranges above and below their corresponding LCST; however, discontinuity is observed in the LCST region. In contrast to the PS/PVME blend, discontinuity in the LCST region is not obvious for nitrogen and methane in the 50/50 PSAN/PMMA blend. These phenomena are discussed in terms of free volume and morphology changes in the LCST region.
Interfacing single photons from dissimilar sources

We interface single photons generated by a quantum dot with those generated via parametric down-conversion. The photon indistinguishability is assessed by measuring their coalescence probability; it is 16% and limited by quantum dot decoherence.
Cortical surface parameterization by p-harmonic energy minimization

Cortical surface parameterization has several applications in visualization and analysis of the brain surface. Here we propose a scheme for parameterizing the surface of the cerebral cortex. The parameterization is formulated as the minimization of an energy functional in the p/sup th/ norm. A numerical method for obtaining the solution is also presented. Brain surfaces from multiple subjects are brought into common parameter space using the scheme. 3D spatial averages of the cortical surfaces are generated by using the correspondences induced by common parameter space.
Expression analysis of the speech-related genes FoxP1 and FoxP2 and their relation to singing behavior in two songbird species

Humans and songbirds are among the rare animal groups that exhibit socially learned vocalizations: speech and song, respectively. These vocal-learning capacities share a reliance on audition and cortico-basal ganglia circuitry, as well as neurogenetic mechanisms. Notably, the transcription factors Forkhead box proteins 1 and 2 (FoxP1, FoxP2) exhibit similar expression patterns in the cortex and basal ganglia of humans and the zebra finch species of songbird, among other brain regions. Mutations in either gene are associated with language disorders in humans. Experimental knock-down of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia song control region Area X during song development leads to imprecise copying of tutor songs. Moreover, FoxP2 levels decrease naturally within Area X when zebra finches sing. Here, we examined neural expression patterns of FoxP1 and FoxP2 mRNA in adult Bengalese finches, a songbird species whose songs exhibit greater sequence complexity and increased reliance on audition for maintaining their quality. We found that FoxP1 and FoxP2 expression in Bengalese finches is similar to that in zebra finches, including strong mRNA signals for both factors in multiple song control nuclei and enhancement of FoxP1 in these regions relative to surrounding brain tissue. As with zebra finches, when Bengalese finches sing, FoxP2 is behaviorally downregulated within basal ganglia Area X over a similar time course, and expression negatively correlates with the amount of singing. This study confirms that in multiple songbird species, FoxP1 expression highlights song control regions, and regulation of FoxP2 is associated with motor control of song.
P.L. 94-142: Perceived Knowledge, Expectations, and Early Implementation

The paper presents the rationale, design and methodology, results, and discussion of a 3-part statewide (Indiana) survey of special education teacher, special education directors, and parents of handicapped children on their knowledge of and expectations for P.L. 94-142. Data were collected during the early implementation phase of the law, a time in which the response of the special education bureaucracy to a federal mandate could most clearly be observed. Directors reported themselves to be relatively knowledgeable about key elements of the law, heavily dependent on the state education agency for such information, and only mildly positive about changes in the delivery of services as a result of the law. Teachers reported themselves to be much less knowledgeable than directors about most aspects of the law, dependent on their directors for such information, and even less positive about significant changes in service delivery. Parents, with significant individual exceptions, reported themselves to be the l...
Visualization of neutrophil-platelet tether dynamics under flow

Adhesion and aggregation of platelets and neutrophils to each other and to the vessel wall are critical events in inflammation and thrombosis. Using a novel microslide flow chamber, we have performed high speed (240 frames per second), high resolution (63X, 1.4 NA) differential interference contrast (DIC) videomicroscopy of the short-lived adhesive interactions between individual neutrophils and platelets under flow. We detected short-lived (150-700 msec), membrane tethers (1-20 /spl mu/m) between free-flowing neutrophils (wall shear rate=100 to 300 s/sup -1/) and spread platelet, consistent with the half-life of the P-selectin/PSGL-1 bond.
The genetic legacy of more than a century of stocking trout: a case study in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA

Human introductions can obscure the diversity and distribution of native biota; hybridization with and replacement by introduced congeners is a primary conservation threat, particularly in salmonids. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are an important component of biodiversity in the American West, and all recognized subspecies are targets for state and federal conservation efforts. Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in northern Colorado is a microcosm of trout introductions that happened worldwide. We used a combination of extensive stocking records and molecular genetic data to ask whether native trout populations persist despite stocking and whether patterns in the distribution of cutthroat trout clades could be explained by source and intensity of stocking. Nearly 15 million cutthroat trout were stocked into RMNP from a mosaic of sources in the 20th century. A single lineage of cutthroat trout was historically native to each side of the Continental Divide in RMNP, but we detected at least five di...
Pressure-induced tuning of a magnetic phase separation in Nd0.53Sr0.47MnO3

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and neutron diffraction measurements were conducted in situ at high pressure and low temperature to investigate the evolution of the magnetic properties of Nd${}_{0.53}$Sr${}_{0.47}$MnO${}_{3}$ (NSMO47). The neutron diffraction data provide the experimental evidence for the presence of antiferromagnetic domains within the conducting ferromagnetic host at ambient pressure. The antiferromagnetic phase becomes dominant above 3 GPa with a concomitant reduction of the FM phase. Those findings indicate that the magnetic ground state of NSMO47 is more complex than previously reported, confirming the coexistence of competing phases over the doping range in which colossal magnetoresistance is observed. We also find that magnetic phase separation in the form of domains appears to be an intrinsic phenomenon at high pressure.
Comparative Response of Two Strains of California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii, Males to Pheromone Extract and to Females of the Reciprocal Strain

Males of the laboratory strain and of a native strain of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), collected from lemons at Corona, California, had the same degree of copulatory response to a pheromone extract obtained from virgin females of the laboratory strain. Males of the laboratory strain in free flight responded better to virgin females of the native strain than to virgin females of the laboratory strain, but were even more responsive to the pheromone extract. Males of the native strain in free flight showed the following order of response: to wild females > to laboratory females > to the pheromone extract.
A framework for the quality assurance of clinical data.

The process of obtaining scientific results from clinical trials is described as a system. The different steps in the system are discussed in terms of a quality enhancement program. Discussions and recommendations are provided for the major steps.
New Method of GPS/DR Data Fusion for Land Vehicle

According to the characteristics of land vehicle navigation,a new DR navigation algorithm was proposed based on speed pulse. The new DR navigation algorithm does not limited to the local east-north flat plane,and can provide real-time latitude and longitude according to the earth model,based on velocity vector calculated under the east-north-up coordinate. Then a new data fusion method for GPS / DR integrated navigation system was developed in detail. This method has good robustness and is easier to be applied in industry. Simulation and field running experiments show that this method can satisfy the basic requirement of land vehicle navigation. It improves the degree of precision and is able to work even when GPS signals are masked.
Adaptive control strategy for oxygen content in flue gas of large-scale power plant units under different operating modes

In this paper,we established the economic parameters of each heat on the characteristics of the computational model and micro-increment equation,and determined the course of power plant and load and run different operating conditions and the optimal settings that flue gas oxygen content needs.Moreover,we regarded the value as the boiler combustion control system of flue gas oxygen content of flue gas oxygen content correction loop settings,so as to achieve the adaptive regulation of flue gas oxygen content under different operating modes.Experiments show that this method can effectively optimize the combustion and improve unit economics.
Against methodocentrism in educational research

AbstractThis essay defines and critiques ‘methodocentrism’, the belief that predetermined research methods are the determining factor in the validity and importance of educational research. By examining research in science studies and posthumanism, the authors explain how this methodocentrism disenables research from taking account of problems and non-human actants that are presumed to be of no importance or value in existing social science research methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative. Building from a critique of these methods as profoundly anthropocentric, the authors examine three crucial problematics in which methodocentrism functions in educational research: the institutionalization of graduate training, a wide-spread privileging of the visual (part and parcel of empiricism), and the seeming necessity of ‘data’ in social scientific research methodologies. Ultimately, this article does not reject the necessity of particular studies having methods—rigorous, philosophically grounded approach...
Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. A systematic approach to diagnosis.

The place of endoscopy in bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract has yet to be defined. The discussion concentrates on those methods that relate specifically to endoscopy, on the endoscopic techniques themselves, and on the system by which the proper timing and selection of endoscopic techniques can be made.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Nonmalignant Disease

Laparoscopy is useful in the management of a wide range of benign conditions. In the elective situation, it may be chosen to evaluate hepatobiliary disorders, abdominal masses, or chronic pain, and is an ideal way to sample tissue. Under the emergency setting, it is another tool for the assessment of trauma patients and may be of value in those patients with abdominal pain, mesenteric ischemia, fever of unknown origin, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is important for the surgeon to be familiar with the technique, correctly prepare the patient, and be aware of the risks and limitations of this diagnostic modality.
Kawasaki disease in a paediatric hospital in Riyadh

This is an analysis of the records of 29 children with Kawasaki disease (KD) admitted to Sulaimania Children's Hospital (SCH) in Riyadh in the period between January 1989 and December 1996. The aim was to review our experience with KD in Riyadh and the ability of our paediatricians to recognize the disease. The number of cases admitted from 1993 to 1996 (23) was significantly higher than the number of cases (six) admitted from 1989 to 1892. Of the 29 children who finally met the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, 19 (66%) were diagnosed on admission.
A Technique for Measuring the Single Crystal Elastic Properties of High Pressure Phases

Elastic constants are among the most fundamental of physical properties. They constitute the stress-strain equation of state, are direct measures of the interatomic force systems, and for the earth, are directly comparable with in situ measurements of acoustic velocities. It is therefore important to measure these properties for high pressure polymorphs of common crustal and upper mantle minerals.
Constraints on the Radical Cation Center of Cytochrome c Peroxidase for Electron Transfer from Cytochrome c

The tryptophan 191 cation radical of cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) compound I (Cpd I) mediates long-range electron transfer (ET) to cytochrome c (Cc). Here we test the effects of chemical substitution at position 191. CcP W191Y forms a stable tyrosyl radical upon reaction with peroxide and produces spectral properties similar to those of Cpd I but has low reactivity toward reduced Cc. CcP W191G and W191F variants also have low activity, as do redox ligands that bind within the W191G cavity. Crystal structures of complexes between Cc and CcP W191X (X = Y, F, or G), as well as W191G with four bound ligands reveal similar 1:1 association modes and heme pocket conformations. The ligands display structural disorder in the pocket and do not hydrogen bond to Asp235, as does Trp191. Well-ordered Tyr191 directs its hydroxyl group toward the porphyrin ring, with no basic residue in the range of interaction. CcP W191X (X = Y, F, or G) variants substituted with zinc-porphyrin (ZnP) undergo photoinduced ET with Cc(III...
Diversity Exiting the Academy: Influential Factors for the Career Choice of Well-Represented and Underrepresented Minority Scientists

A national sample of PhD-trained scientists completed training, accepted subsequent employment in academic and nonacademic positions, and were queried about their previous graduate training and current employment. Respondents indicated factors contributing to their employment decision (e.g., working conditions, salary, job security). The data indicate the relative importance of deciding factors influencing career choice, controlling for gender, initial interest in faculty careers, and number of postgraduate publications. Among both well-represented (WR; n = 3444) and underrepresented minority (URM; n = 225) respondents, faculty career choice was positively associated with desire for autonomy and partner opportunity and negatively associated with desire for leadership opportunity. Differences between groups in reasons endorsed included: variety, prestige, salary, family influence, and faculty advisor influence. Furthermore, endorsement of faculty advisor or other mentor influence and family or peer influence were surprisingly rare across groups, suggesting that formal and informal support networks could provide a missed opportunity to provide support for trainees who want to stay in faculty career paths. Reasons requiring alteration of misperceptions (e.g., limited leadership opportunity for faculty) must be distinguished from reasons requiring removal of actual barriers. Further investigation into factors that affect PhDs' career decisions can help elucidate why URM candidates are disproportionately exiting the academy.
Regulation of neuronal adenylate cyclase.

Receptors for a panoply of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are known to couple to the adenylate cyclase system. In the past few years we have benefitted from an explosion of information concerning the molecular identification of the adenylate cyclase components, and this information has served both to elucidate possible mechanisms for the coupling of adenylate cyclase to receptors as well as the activation cascade of that enzyme. This information has also served to illustrate the extraordinary complexity of the system. Several recent reviews (cf. Birnbaumer et al., 1985; Gilman, 1984) have addresssed the structure and function of adenylate cyclase. The purpose of this manuscript is not to overlap with those, but rather, to illustrate some of the unusual features of adenylate cyclase from neural systems.
Nonintrusive monitoring for shipboard fault detection

This paper presents a case study applying nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) for fault detection and isolation (FDI) of automated shipboard systems. A NILM system installed on an engine room subpanel of U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Cutter SPENCER collected aggregated power consumption data for ten automated systems. A correlation-based transient identifier is used to disaggregate this data, identifying specific automated load events, including on/off events of the gray water disposal pump. A two-parameter model is calculated from these events and used for fault detection. Data collected during two operational periods of the SPENCER demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in identifying a pump sensor fault previously undetected by the crew. Early identification of such malfunctions prevents costly wear on the gray water disposal system pumps and avoids eventual catastrophic failure.
Unifying first-principles theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of size effects in thermal transport in SiGe alloys

We demonstrate the agreement between first-principles calculations and experimental measurements of size effects in thermal transport in SiGe alloys without fitting parameters. Transient thermal grating (TTG) is used to measure the effect of the grating period on the temperature decay. The virtual crystal approximation under the density-functional-theory framework combined with impurity scattering is used to determine the phonon properties for the exact alloy composition of the measured samples. With these properties, classical size effects are calculated for the experimental geometry of reflection mode TTG using the recently developed variational solution to the phonon Boltzmann transport equation, which is verified against established Monte Carlo simulations. We find agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements in the reduction of thermal conductivity (as much as fourfold of the bulk value) across grating periods spanning one order of magnitude. This paper provides a framework for the study of size effects in thermal transport in opaque materials.
Pixel based SHG probes of extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in ovarian cancer (Conference Presentation)

Remodeling of the extracellular matrix in human ovarian cancer, can be reflected in increased collagen concentration, changes in alignment and/or up-regulation of different collagen isoforms, including Col III. Using fibrillar gel models, we demonstrate that Col I and Col III can be quantitatively distinguished by 3 distinct SHG polarization specific metrics: i) determination of helical pitch angle via the single axis molecular model, ii) dipole alignment via anisotropy, and iii) chirality via SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD). These sub-resolution differentiations are possible due to differences in the α helix angles of the two isoforms, which co-mingle in the same fibrils. We also investigated the mechanism of the SHG-CD response and show that unlike conventional CD, it is dominated by electric dipole interactions and is consistent with the two state SHG model. We further applied these 3 polarization resolved analyses to human normal, high risk, benign tumors, and malignant human ovarian tissues. We found that these tissues could all be differentiated by these metrics, where high grade tissues had analogous α-helical pitch angles to the in the Col I/Col III gel model. This confirms literature suggestions based on immunofluorescence and gene expression that Col III is up-regulated in high grade ovarian cancers. The different tissues also displayed differing anisotropies, indicating the fibril assemblies are distinct and likely do not result from remodeling of existing collagen but synthesis of new collagen. Importantly, these SHG polarization methods provide structural information not otherwise possible and can serve as label-free biomarkers for ovarian and other cancers.
Institutionalization and Incarceration of LGBT Individuals

Experiences of social exclusion, stigma, and discrimination have had a sizable impact on both the unique mental health issues that members of the LGBT community face and their health-seeking behavior and access to care. Additional injustices experienced by LGBT people who are incarcerated further contribute to the burden of trauma accumulated across the life course and must be appropriately addressed during the recovery process. In this chapter we provide a brief history of the move to institutionalization and incarceration of LGBT individuals and the subsequent effect certain policies have had specifically on physical and mental health.
EEA1 restores homeostatic synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons from Rett syndrome mice.

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in MECP2, the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Deletion of Mecp2 in mice results in an imbalance of synaptic excitation and inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which affects “Hebbian” long-term synaptic plasticity. Since the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is maintained by homeostatic mechanisms, we examined the role of MeCP2 in homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) at excitatory synapses. Negative feedback HSP, also known as synaptic scaling, maintains the global synaptic strength of individual neurons in response to sustained alterations in neuronal activity. Hippocampal neurons from Mecp2 knockout (KO) mice do not show the characteristic homeostatic scaling-up of the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) and of synaptic levels of GluA1 after 48-hour silencing with the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX). This deficit in HSP is bidirectional because Mecp2 KO neurons also failed to scale-down mEPSC amplitudes and GluA1 synaptic levels after 48 h blockade of GABAAR-mediated inhibition with bicuculline. Consistent with the role of synaptic trafficking of AMPA-type of glutamate receptors (AMPAR) in HSP, Mecp2 KO neurons have lower levels of early-endosome-antigen-1 (EEA1), a protein involved in AMPAR endocytosis. In addition, expression EEA1 in Mecp2 KO neurons reduced mEPSC amplitudes to WT levels, and restored synaptic scaling-down of mEPSC amplitudes after 48 h blockade of GABAAR-mediated inhibition with bicuculline. The identification of a molecular deficit in HSP in Mecp2 KO neurons provides potentially novel targets of intervention for improving hippocampal function in RTT individuals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Heat Transfer by Thermal Convection in a Rotating Fluid Subject to a Horizontal Temperature Gradient

Laboratory studies and associated analytical and numerical investigations of thermally-induced motions in a rapidly-rotating fluid of low viscosity are of intrinsic interest in fluid dynamics, and they also bear on a wide variety of natural flow phenomena in atmospheres and oceans. Advective heat flow perpendicular to the rotation axis r = 0 (where (r, Ф,z) are the cylindrical polar coordinates of a general point in a frame of reference that rotates with angular speed Ω about r = 0) requires inter alia that ur, the r-component of the Eulerian relative flow velocity u, shall be non-zero. Since \({\rm u}_{\rm r}=(2\Omega \bar{\rho} {\rm r})^{-1}\partial {\rm p}/\partial \Phi\) (where p denotes pressure and \(\bar{\rho}\) mean density) nearly everywhere when Ω is so large that the geostrophic relationship (see equation (2) below) holds throughout most parts of the fluid, in rapidly rotating systems advective heat transfer must be associated with departures from axial symmetry in the pattern of flow. Theory indicates and experiments amply confirm that strong departures from axial symmetry are “generic” features of the patterns of thermally-induced flow in rapidly rotating fluids, even when the boundary conditions are axisymmetric.
Lean Six Sigma for Intravenous Therapy Optimization: A Hospital Use of Lean Thinking to Improve Occlusion Management

Abstract Background: Continual improvement is a necessary part of hospital culture. This occurs by identifying opportunities for improvement that influence efficiency while saving money. Methodolog...
Consequences of Lung Volume Optimization on Exercise Hyperpnea

Previous work has shown that respiratory rate, airflow pattern shape, and the end-expiratory lung volume level can be predicted by an optimal control model based on minimum cycle work rate1,2. One prediction which can affect ventilatory control is a decrease in end-expiratory lung volume level which is graded according to the level of exercise. Such a decrease is consistently observed at the start of exercise and occurs in a feed-forward or predictive manner. One of the consequences of a decreased lung volume is lengthening of the diaphragm, which according to the length-tension characteristics of skeletal muscle increases active tension. Lowering of lung volume requires activation of expiratory muscles, and this work is stored as elastic energy and can be recovered during the following inspiration. This constitutes a potential additional ventilatory drive independent of chemical factors. Expiratory muscle work is stored as elastic work, and depending on whether activity is tonic or phasic will lead to different tidal volume increases. This paper makes a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of these effects on minute ventilation during exercise. Another consequence of lung volume optimization has to do with gas exchange. Lowering of lung volume could decrease dead space, which would increase alveolar ventilation for a given minute ventilation. However, a decrease in lung volume might also lead to collapse of airway units and increased heterogeniety of ventilation and perfusion which would impair gas exchange. Experiments dealing with this issue are also reviewed.
Parental Death: A Preventive Intervention

The loss of a parent during childhood is a profound psychological trauma which threatens a child’s normal social and emotional development [1]. At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), a comprehensive cancer treatment and research center, parents turned to our staff for help in dealing with their own and their children’s reactions to the presence of cancer in one of the parents. Our clinical experiences with these parents led us to hypothesize that the terminal stage and death of a parent contain the most stressful and traumatic experiences during the course of the disease [2]. In this presentation we will limit ourselves to a description of an ongoing study that specifically addresses the question: Can psychoeducational parent guidance intervention prevent or lessen the deleterious effects on children of the terminal stage and death of a parent from cancer?
The congenital long QT syndrome: a mask for many faces.

For most of the latter half of the 20th century, after its discovery in 1957 ([1][1]), the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) was divided simply into 2 forms, the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome associated with deaf mutism and the Romano-Ward syndrome with normal hearing. On the basis of the
Meeting Cheikh Anta Diop on the Road to African Resurgence

The African people's relentless struggle to tell their own stories and take charge of their own historical languages is a prerequisite for achieving an African Renaissance. This argument, informed by Afrocentricity—a theoretical framework which advances the view that any examination of African issues must be informed by African history and culture—takes its cue from the great Senegalese Pan-Africanist and African Renaissance advocate, Cheikh Anta Diop. The year 2018 marks 70 years since Diop, at a tender age of 25, wrote his essay When will we be able to speak of an African Renaissance? On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of this article, it is appropriate that the African Renaissance project advocates take a moment and deeply reflect on how they can take African scholarship to higher levels and intensify and consolidate the struggle to liberate Africa from being preoccupied with the Eurocentric trajectory of privileging Europe and Europeans in all aspects of life—the intellectual, political, ...
Quantum to classical transition in an information ratchet

Recent years have seen a flurry of research activity in the study of minimal and autonomous information ratchets. However, the existing classical and quantum models are somewhat hard to compare and hence quantifying possible quantum supremacy in information ratchets has been elusive. We propose a step towards filling this void between quantum and classical ratchets by introducing a model with continuous variables: a quantum particle in a box coupled to a stream of qubits. The dynamics is solved exactly and we analyze the quantum to classical transition in terms of a natural timescale parameter for the model.
The influence of “dark networks” on citizens’ confidence in democratic institutions in Mexico

Abstract The Americas have the highest homicide rate of any region in the world, with adherence to rule of law being a major concern in “third-wave” democracies. Given the surge in violence in Mexico in the years after the country ended one-party rule, we utilize the country case to conceptually and empirically test the influence of violence and corruption as proxies for “dark networks” – covert actors working outside of the law – on citizens’ confidence in democracy and democratic institutions. In a largely empirically unexplored area, we operationalize the concept of dark networks and study the impact on citizens over critical junctures of three Mexican presidencies. Utilizing representative survey data, we analyze the impact of dark networks (homicides and direct knowledge of corrupt acts) on satisfaction with democracy and confidence in democratic institutions. Experience with corrupt acts had a significantly negative influence on satisfaction with democracy and confidence in democratic institutions and local government. Homicides had a significant yet only slightly positive influence on satisfaction with democracy and confidence in local government. Right-leaning ideology had a significant yet only weak positive influence on satisfaction with democracy and on confidence in institutions.
A method for solving and estimating heterogeneous agent macro models

I develop a computational method for solving and estimating heterogeneous agent macro models with aggregate shocks. The main challenge is that the aggregate state vector contains the distribution of agents, which is typically infinite‐dimensional. I approximate the distribution with a flexible parametric family, reducing its dimensionality to a finite set of endogenous parameters, and solve for the dynamics of these endogenous parameters by perturbation. I implement the method in Dynare and show that it is fast, general, and easy to use. As an illustration, I use the method to perform a Bayesian estimation of a heterogeneous firm model with aggregate shocks to neutral and investment‐specific productivity. I find that the behavior of investment at the firm level quantitatively shapes inference about the aggregate shock processes, suggesting an important role for micro data in estimating DSGE models. Heterogeneous agents computational economics estimation lumpy investment C63 E22 E32
Respiratory Virus Infections of the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and the Hematologic Malignancy Patient

Respiratory virus infections in hematologic stem cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies are increasingly recognized as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. The often overlapping clinical presentation makes molecular diagnostic strategies imperative for rapid diagnosis and to inform understanding of the changing epidemiology of each of the respiratory viruses. Most respiratory virus infections are managed with supportive therapy, although there is effective antiviral therapy for influenza. The primary focus should remain on primary prevention infection control procedures and isolation precautions, avoidance of ill contacts, and vaccination for influenza.
CD97 expression is associated with poor overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia.

CD97, a member of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor family, is normally expressed on leukocytes and smooth muscles. CD97 is also expressed in a variety of solid cancers, particularly those with aggressive metastatic phenotypes. Here we characterize the clinical significance of CD97 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed 173 patients from the TCGA AML data set and found that CD97 was higher in cytogenetically normal patients compared with cytogenetically abnormal patients (p = 0.023). High CD97 was also associated with NPM1 mutations (p = 0.0033). Patients with high CD97 expression had shorter overall (median: 7.35 months vs. 24.1 months, p = 0.0015) and disease-free (median DFS: 8.2 months vs. 18.2 months, p = 0.017) survival. Importantly, we identified pathways involved in the leukemia stem cell interaction with the bone marrow niche, such as integrin, CXCR4, and interleukin-8, among the most upregulated signaling pathways in patients with high CD97 expression. Our results suggest that high CD97 expression is associated with poor clinical outcome and indicate a need for future functional and mechanistic studies to investigate the role of CD97 in AML.
Service Learning That Saves Lives: Blood Drives

Blood drives make a perfect health education service learning project for high school and college students, especially college students majoring in health education. It is a true win-win project. Students learn about the gift of life and have a chance to practice valuable organizational, communication, problem-solving, marketing and evaluation skills. The community benefits from additional blood stores and expansion of the community blood donor base.
The Depiction of the Civil Rights Movement on Mad Men

Employing Critical Race Theory, Carveth explores how Mad Men portrayed the Civil Rights Movement during the run of the series. Carveth observes that though Matt Weiner was meticulous about atmospheric elements in portraying the members of Sterling Cooper during the Sixties (such as through dress, hair, smoking pot), Weiner gave the major issues of the time (the Kennedy and King assassinations, the women’s movement, Vietnam and especially civil rights) cursory treatment. Carveth examines the disconnect between the world inside and the world outside Sterling Cooper, such that we see the characters and business practices within Sterling Cooper evolve while the agency was apparently little touched by one of the most tumultuous times of change in US history.
Droplets on an elastic membrane: Configurational energy balance and modified Young equation

Abstract We study wetting of an elastic membrane whose surface can resist stretch by surface stress. Through energy minimization, we obtain the general equilibrium equations and a configurational energy balance equation at the contact line, i.e., the Young equation, modified for an elastic membrane. We use a 3D large deformation formulation with general elastic constitutive behavior for the membrane and its surfaces. Our results allow for non-flat reference membrane shape, non-uniform and anisotropic tension and dependence of surface stress on surface strain – the generalized Shuttleworth effects. We use two examples to demonstrate the application of our theory: plane strain and axisymmetric wetting of an initially flat elastic membrane. A large deformation solution for an axisymmetric droplet on a deformable membrane is obtained numerically. We show that when surface elastic moduli for solid–vapor and solid–liquid interfaces are different, continuity of membrane strain, a key assumption used in many previous studies, no longer holds at the contact line.
The journey of humanity: Roots of inequality in the wealth of nations

This essay explores the journey of humanity since the emergence of Homo sapiens 300,000 years ago. It analyses the critical role of Unified Growth Theory in resolving two fundamental mysteries that had characterized this journey: (i) The mystery of growth—why did living standards stagnate for most of human history and what led to their sudden soar 200 years ago? (ii) the mystery of inequality—what are the roots of the major surge in inequality across nations and why have these gaps widened dramatically over the past 200 years?
A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral sleep interventions for adolescents and emerging adults.

Summary In the United States, more than two-thirds of adolescents and one-third of emerging adults report habitual short sleep duration, which is a known risk factor for psychological distress. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of behavioral sleep-promoting interventions on the sleep characteristics (e.g., total sleep time and sleep efficiency) of adolescents and emerging adults (aged 12 to 25 years) who do not have a sleep disorder. The secondary aim was to determine the effect of behavioral sleep-promoting interventions on psychological distress. Multiple electronic databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Fourteen RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis (N = 932), seven were included in the meta-analysis (n = 711) to address the primary aim, and three (n = 253) were included to address the secondary aim. The pooled standardized mean difference for sleep-promoting interventions after treatment for total sleep time was 34.92 minutes (95% CI: 8.70, 61.14). Sleep-promoting interventions had no significant effect on sleep efficiency. More RCTs that involve adolescents and emerging adults are needed to determine the effect of sleep-promoting interventions on reducing psychological distress in this high-risk age group.