cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF PARENT TRAINING

The effectiveness of assertiveness training versus discussion group parenting programs with center-city and suburban parents was evaluated in a 2 x 2 factorial design. All parents showed a significant pre- to posttest decrease in restrictiveness on Block's Child Rearing Practices Report, regardless of group membership, and a significantly greater change was noted for parents in the center city.
Ketamine metabolism: Identification and synthesis of a deaminated product

During attempts to synthesize 2-amino-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxycyclohexanone (6), a ketamine metabolite, an unexpected product, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-cyclohexenone (4) was obtained as the major product. This compound apparently was formed by rearrangement and deamination of 6 during the isolation and purification procedures. This same compound was found in plasma and urine extracts obtained from mice and rats that had been treated with either ketamine or norketamine. It is suggested that 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-cyclohexenone (4), isolated from these biological samples, probably arose from decomposition of the 6-hydroxylated metabolite of ketamine or norketamine and is itself not a true metabolite.
Psychosocial Moderators of Emotional Reactivity to Marital Arguments: Results from a Daily Diary Study

SUMMARY Several studies document that marital arguments negatively affect mental health. Yet it is also evident that considerable variability exists in emotional reactivity to marital arguments. One such piece of evidence is that wives are more emotionally reactive than are husbands. Using a close relationships perspective, this study explores reasons for this variability by identifying psychosocial characteristics of individuals and their marriages. The analysis is based on a daily diary study of 166 married couples who completed questionnaires each day for six weeks. These couples represent a subsample of a prior general population community panel study. Results show that wives' emotional reactivity is best explained by a model that includes extraversion, marital trust, being in a first marriage, and the percentage of total family income earned by the wife. Husbands' emotional reactivity is best explained by how frequently the couple argues on average, support from relatives, acute life events, and tota...
Local rates of mass transfer from spheres in ordered arrays

The local mass transfer rates from a sphere in a regular packing array have been determined by measuring the local radius change of a slightly soluble 1.500-in. diameter benzoic acid test sphere after having been immersed in a water stream. Results in the form of typical local Sherwood number profiles are reported for single spheres over a particle Reynolds number range of 166 to 1,560, and for spheres in simple cubic packing and rhombohedral packing over particle Reynolds number ranges of 488 to 2,409 and 1,680 to 3,410, respectively. All runs were made at room temperature. An idealized flow pattern around spheres in simple cubic packing is presented.
Mediolateral forces associated with quadrupedal gaits of lemurids

Substrate reaction forces (SRFs) were quantified for 502 forelimb and hindlimb contacts in two primate species, Eulemur fulvus and Lemur catta. Three individuals of each taxon were encouraged to traverse a force transducer. Reaction forces were evaluated for linear locomotion on runway and simulated arboreal substrates. Preferred gaits differed between substrates: galloping on the runway and walking on simulated arboreal substrates. Unlike vertical and fore–aft (FA) forces, mediolateral (ML) forces during linear locomotion were relatively independent of speed, which suggests balancing the centre of body mass in the coronal plane was not speed related. Since peak ML forces occasionally exceeded peak FA forces, ML forces were not of trivial importance during primate quadrupedal locomotion. Both lemurids regularly experienced lower ML peak forces during ‘arboreal’ than ‘terrestrial’ quadrupedalism, probably to minimize side-to-side fluctuations of their centre of mass over the simulated arboreal branch supports. Eulemur fulvus encountered greater ML peak forces in their forelimbs, while L. catta encountered greater hindlimb peak ML forces. Lemurids most frequently exerted medially directed peak side-to-side forces during arboreal quadrupedalism and laterally directed peak side-to-side forces during terrestrial quadrupedalism. The direction of hindlimb ML peak force, however, was less consistent than forelimb ML peak force regardless of substrate. The lemurs experienced oscillations in the direction of the forelimb and hindlimb ML force over the duration of support phase, suggesting that both pairs of limbs contributed to balance. More frequent changes in ML force direction of the hindlimb support the predominance of these limbs in keeping side-to-side balance. The results of our study suggest that ML forces warrant consideration in locomotion studies, especially when evaluating joint moments and bending regimes of long bones.
Bandwidth Allocation for Elastic Real-Time Flows in Multihop Wireless Networks Based on Network Utility Maximization

In this paper, we consider distributed utility maximizing rate allocation in cyber-physical multihop wireless networks carrying prioritized elastic flows with different end-to-end delay requirements. This scenario arises in military wireless networks (dominated by audio and video flows) that must satisfy end-to-end deadlines. Due to the inherent difficulty in providing hard guarantees in such wireless environments, the problem is cast as one of utility maximization, where utility depends on meeting deadlines. Based on a recent result in real-time scheduling, we relate end-to-end delay of prioritized flows to flow rates and priorities, then impose end-to-end delay constraints that can be expressed in a decentralized manner in terms of flow information available locally at each node. The problem of utility maximization in the presence of these constraints is formulated, where utility depends on the ability to meet deadlines. The solution to the network utility maximization (NUM) problem yields a distributed rate control algorithm that nodes can independently execute to collectively maximize global network utility, taking into account delay constraints. Results from simulations demonstrate that a low deadline miss ratio is achieved for real-time packets, without significantly impacting throughput, resulting in a higher total utility compared to a previous state-of-the-art approach.
Axial shear strain imaging for breast mass differentiation

Breast cancer remains the second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women, and over 200,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected in the USA this year. Very promising data demonstrate that axial strain imaging has an important role in breast tissue classification However, another important parameter; the shear strain has only recently been recognized as having great potential. We examine the feasibility of utilizing in-vivo axial shear strain imaging for differentiating benign from malignant breast masses. A VFX13-5 linear array transducer was utilized to acquire in-vivo radiofrequency echo data on 41 patients using a Siemens SONOLINE Antares real-time clinical scanner at the University of Wisconsin Breast Center. Free-hand palpation imaging with deformation up to 10% was utilized to acquire radiofrequency data loops to generate strain images. In this study, we report on 8 malignant tumors and 33 fibroadenomas to demonstrate the potential of shear strain imaging, compared to biopsy results that were considered the diagnostic standard. Axial strain and axial component of shear strain are estimated using an algorithm based on 2D cross-correlation. Areas of the axial-shear strain, normalized to the lesion size, applied strain and strain contrast was utilized for differentiating benign from malignant masses. Our results on 40 patients indicate that the normalized axial-shear strain area is significantly larger for malignant tumors when compared to benign fibroadenomas. Axial-shear strain pixel values greater than a specified threshold, including only those with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.75, were overlaid on the corresponding B-mode image to aid in diagnosis. Scatter plot of the normalized area feature demonstrate the feasibility of developing a linear classifier to differentiate benign from malignant masses. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve using the normalized shear strain area parameter was 0.996.
Activation and racemization of trifluoroacetate esters in the cationic polymerization of styrene

1-Phenylethyl trifluoroacetate (1) does not react directly with styrene but it is readily incorporated into polymer chains in the presence of an excess of trifluoroacetic acid. The proportion of the nondeuterated 1-phenylethyl end groups in the polymerization of deuterated styrene coinitiated with the acid was much higher than the proportion of the end groups formed by direct incorporation of the acidic protons ([CH3CHPhCD2CDPh …] > [HCD2CDPhCH2CDPh …]). The racemization of the optically active ester-(pseudo-first order rate constant at [HA]0 = 0.79 mol/L at 20°C equals kR = 1.7 × 10−4 S−1) is more rapid than the incorporation of the ester into polymer chains (kE = 1.5 × 10−4 mol−1 Ls−1, [M]0 kE · [M]). These results and the complete loss of the optical activity in the final polymer indicate that the ester is activated by the acid but it is incorporated into polymer chain via ionic intermediates.
Factors controlling pollutant plume length downwind of major roadways in nocturnal surface inversions

Abstract. A fitting method using a semi-empirical Gaussian dispersion model solution was successfully applied to obtain both dispersion coefficients and a particle number emission factor (PNEF) directly from ultrafine particle (UFP; particles smaller than
THERMAL MODELING OF LASER WELDING FOR TITANIUM DENTAL RESTORATIONS

Abstract Statement of problem. Concerns of laser welding for titanium dental prostheses are the limited depth of laser beam penetration and extensive surface damage. Purpose. This study used numerical heat transfer simulation to explain this behavior and offers an alternate multiple-pulsed method. Material and methods. A one-dimensional finite difference analysis was used to simulate heat transfer in pure titanium and gold during laser welding with a custom-constructed software program. Results. The thermal gradient profiles revealed the problem to be inherent in titanium's low thermal conductivity; gold did not have this problem. Time-elapsed multiple pulses on titanium relieved this problem by giving the energy time to diffuse into the depth of the material. Conclusions. With single-pulse laser irradiation on titanium, an increase in power could not greatly increase melting depth. The excess energy only vaporized the material surface. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:335-42.)
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Inflammation and Allergy

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells contribute to allergic inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines that are generated following allergen challenge can impact the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells leading to increased production of effector cells such as eosinophils and basophils, which are key cells involved in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Homing of stem cells to the lungs is associated with inflammatory and remodeling changes in asthmatics. Factors that modulate the differentiation and increased migration of stem cells to the site of inflammation in asthma remain to be defined. Stem cells can mature at the site of inflammation in response to inflammatory mediators and other components in the milieu. While the available data suggest that hematopoietic cells traffic to target tissues, the molecular factors underlying in situ differentiation have yet to be specified. Here, we critically evaluate the potential role of hematopoietic progenitors in contributing to the increased immune cell infiltrate in allergic asthma and the factors that drive their differentiation.
Synaptic plasticity in neuronal network models can explain patterns of bursting activity seen in temporal lobe epileptic seizures

High-resolution time-frequency analyses of ictal EEG allow for identification and characterization of ictal patterns. These patterns reflect alterations in the brain network synchrony. It is not clear why seizures undergo these dynamical changes and what mechanisms contribute to or cause these changes. In this work we use neural modeling studies to address these issues. We investigate the role of synaptic plasticity and nonsynaptic neuronal plasticity (firing frequency adaptation) in regulating pattern of neuronal network synchrony. We show that nonsynaptic neuronal plasticity (i.e. calcium dependent afterhyperpolarization in neurons) can regulate the frequency of the dominant rhythm in EEG while synaptic potentiation may be responsible for irregular bursting prior to seizure termination.
Quantitative contrast‐enhanced MRI with superparamagnetic nanoparticles using ultrashort time‐to‐echo pulse sequences

Purpose: Conventional MRI using contrast agents is semiquantitative because it is inherently sensitive to extravoxular susceptibility artifacts, field inhomogeneity, partial voluming, perivascular effects, and motion/flow artifacts. Herein we demonstrate a quantitative contrast-enhanced MRI technique using ultrashort time-to-echo pulse sequences for measuring clinically relevant concentrations of ferumoxytol, a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agent with high sensitivity and precision in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The method achieves robust, reproducible results by using rapid signal acquisition at ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) to produce positive contrast images with pure T1 weighting and little T2* decay. The spoiled gradient echo equation is used to transform UTE intensities directly into concentration using experimentally determined relaxivity constants and image acquisition parameters. Results: A multiparametric optimization of acquisition parameters revealed an optimal zone capable of producing highfidelity measurements. Clinically relevant intravascular concentrations of ferumoxytol were measured longitudinally in mice with high sensitivity and precision (� 7.1% error). MRI measurements were independently validated by elemental iron analysis of sequential blood draws. Automated segmentation of ferumoxytol concentration yielded high quality threedimensional images for visualization of perfusion. Conclusions: This ability to longitudinally quantify blood pool CA concentration is unique to quantitative UTE contrastenhanced (QUTE-CE) MRI and makes QUTE-CE MRI competitive with nuclear imaging. Magn Reson Med 000:000–000, 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The topological dimension of limits of vertex replacements

Given an initial graph G, one may apply a rule R to G which replaces certain vertices of G with other graphs called replacement graphs to obtain a new graph R(G). By iterating this procedure, a sequence of graphs {R n (G)} is obtained. When each graph in this sequence is normalized to have diameter one, the resulting sequence may converge in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. In this paper, we compute the topological dimension of limit spaces of normalized sequences of iterated vertex replacements involving more than one replacement graph. We also give examples of vertex replacement rules that yield fractals.  2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. MSC: 28A99; 05C55; 00A73; 28A80
Differential Changes in Cardiac Phospholamban and Sarcoplasmic Reticular Ca2+-ATPase Protein Levels : Effects on Ca2+ Transport and Mechanics in Compensated Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy and Congestive Heart Failure

Abstract The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the transition from compensated pressure-overload hypertrophy (increased left ventricular [LV] mass, normal LV function, and no pulmonary congestion) to congestive heart failure (increased LV mass, depressed LV function, and pulmonary congestion). To address this issue, the descending thoracic aorta was banded for 4 and 8 weeks in adult guinea pigs, and the changes in isovolumic LV mechanics, SR Ca2+ transport, and SR protein levels were determined and compared with age-matched sham-operated control animals. A subgroup of the 8-week banded animals manifested the congestive heart failure phenotype with diminished developed LV pressure normalized by LV mass, reduced rates of LV pressure development and relaxation, and markedly increased lung weight–to–body weight ratios. The cardiac mechanical and morphometric changes were associated with depressed protein levels of the SR Ca2+-ATPase (85% of the control) and phospholamban (65% of the control) assessed by quantitative immunoblotting. Resultant rates of SR Ca2+ uptake (Vmax) and the affinity of SR Ca2+-ATPase for Ca2+ (EC50) were significantly depressed [32±6 nmol Ca2+ · min−1 · mg−1 and 0.59±0.12 (μmol/L)/L, respectively] compared with the 8-week sham-operated control animals [40±1 nmol Ca2+ · min−1 · mg−1 and 0.40±0.05 (μmol/L)/L, respectively]. We conclude that this model of pressure overload–induced cardiac failure is associated with (1) diminished LV force development, rates of pressure development, and decay; (2) depressed protein expression of the Ca2+-cycling proteins SR Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban; and (3) decreased Vmax and affinity of the SR Ca2+-ATPase for Ca2+. These findings implicate these Ca2+-cycling proteins in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure.
Candidate Race, Partisanship, and Political Participation: When Do Black Candidates Increase Black Turnout?

A sizable literature in American politics documents increased levels of voter turnout among black citizens when coracial candidates are on the ballot or hold office. However, due to a paucity of bl...
Active Learning and Basis Selection for Kernel-Based Linear Models: A Bayesian Perspective

We develop an active learning algorithm for kernel-based linear regression and classification. The proposed greedy algorithm employs a minimum-entropy criterion derived using a Bayesian interpretation of ridge regression. We assume access to a matrix, ? ? \BBRN?N, for which the (i,j)th element is defined by the kernel function K(?i,?j) ? \BBR, with the observed data ?i ? \BBRd. We seek a model, M:?i? yi, where yi is a real-valued response or integer-valued label, which we do not have access to a priori. To achieve this goal, a submatrix, ?Il,Ib ? \BBRn?m, is sought that corresponds to the intersection of n rows and m columns of ?, indexed by the sets Il and Ib, respectively. Typically m ? N and n ? N. We have two objectives: (i) Determine the m columns of ?, indexed by the set Ib, that are the most informative for building a linear model, M: [1 ?i,Ib]T ? yi , without any knowledge of {yi}i=1N and (ii) using active learning, sequentially determine which subset of n elements of {yi}i=1N should be acquired; both stopping values, |Ib| = m and |Il| = n, are also to be inferred from the data. These steps are taken with the goal of minimizing the uncertainty of the model parameters, x, as measured by the differential entropy of its posterior distribution. The parameter vector x ? \BBRm, as well as the model bias ? ? \BBR, is then learned from the resulting problem, yIl = ?Il,Ibx + ?1+?. The remaining N-n responses/labels not included in yIl can be inferred by applying x to the remaining N-n rows of ? :, Ib. We show experimental results for several regression and classification problems, and compare to other active learning methods.
Moving beyond assumptions to understand abundance distributions across the ranges of species

The assumption that species are most abundant in the center of their range and decline in abundance toward the range edges has a long history in the ecological literature. This assumption has driven basic and applied ecological and evolutionary hypotheses about the causes of species range limits and their responses to climate change. Here, we review recent studies that are taking biogeographical ecology beyond previously held assumptions by observing populations in the field across large parts of the species range. When these studies combine data on abundance, demographics, organismal physiology, genetics and physical factors, they provide a promising approach for teasing out ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of the patterns and processes underlying species ranges.
Statutory coherence and policy implementation: the case of family planning.

Policy theory suggests that coherent statutes – those with precise, clear goals, supported by an adequate causal theory, with clear administrative responsibilities, clear implementation rules, and assigned to committed agencies – are more likely to have their intended impact. Using the Mazmanian and Sabatier policy implementation framework, this article examines U.S. family planning policies with a pooled time series analysis from 1982 to 1988. Of the four family planning statutes, only Title X, the categorical grant program, meets the criteria of a coherent statute. The data analysis reveals that a dollar spent through Title X has a much greater impact on birth rates, abortion rates, late prenatal care, and infant and neonatal mortality than does a dollar spent through other programs. The results are strong evidence in support of designing policies with coherent statutes.
Intercostal lung cyst hernia in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (cyst necessitans).

A 31-year-old woman had recurrent dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Chest computed tomography showed bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrates and a dominant right-sided lung cyst. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoglobulin levels were normal, and no autoantibodies were found. Open lung biopsy revealed patchy fibrosis, intra-alveolar and interstitial hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and no evidence of vasculitis. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was diagnosed. Treatment with corticosteroids provided good results. Two years later, the patient presented with an intermittent-appearing lump on the right side of the chest, triggered by episodes of cough. Computed tomography showed a subcutaneous intercostal lung cyst herniation (left), which occurred sporadically through the biopsy incision (right, 1 week later), that was corrected surgically by excision. Intercostal lung hernia is a rare clinical entity, encountered mainly after chest trauma or surgery. A herniated lung cyst may rupture, with subsequent pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. If such a cyst is recurrent or persistent, it should be corrected surgically.
Filovirus-like particles produced in insect cells: immunogenicity and protection in rodents.

Background. Virus-like particles (VLPs) of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) produced in human 293T embryonic kidney cells have been shown to be effective vaccines against filoviral infection. In this study, we explored alternative strategies for production of filovirus-like particle-based vaccines, to accelerate the development process. The goal of this work was to increase the yield of VLPs, while retaining their immunogenic properties. Methods. Ebola and Marburg VLPs (eVLPs and mVLPs, respectively) were generated by use of recombinant baculovirus constructs expressing glycoprotein, VP40 matrix protein, and nucleoprotein from coinfected insect cells. The baculovirus-derived eVLPs and mVLPs were characterized biochemically, and then the immune responses produced by the eVLPs in insect cells were studied further. Results. The baculovirus-derived eVLPs elicited maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), indicating their immunogenic properties. Mice vaccinated with insect cell-derived eVLPs generated antibody and cellular responses equivalent to those vaccinated with mammalian 293T cell-derived eVLPs and were protected from EBOV challenge in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. Together, these data suggest that filovirus-like particles produced by baculovirus expression systems, which are amenable to large-scale production, are highly immunogenic and are suitable as safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of filoviral infection.
Synthesis of [18F]Arenes via the Copper-Mediated [18F]Fluorination of Boronic Acids

A copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl- and vinylboronic acids with K18F is described. This method exhibits high functional group tolerance and is effective for the radiofluorination of a range of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich aryl-, heteroaryl-, and vinylboronic acids. This method has been applied to the synthesis of [18F]FPEB, a PET radiotracer for quantifying metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors.
Psychophysiology of Musical Emotions

This paper focuses on emotional reactions to music, taking the approach of correlating psychophysiological measures with dynamic changes in emotional reactions to music. A philosophical debate about musical emotions concerns whether music produces emotional changes in listeners (the "emotivist" position) or simply expresses emotions that listeners recognize in the music (the "cognitivist" position). Psychophysiological measures were recorded while listeners heard two excerpts chosen to represent each of three emotions: sad, fear, and happy. The measures covered a fairly wide spectrum of cardiac, vascular, electrodermal, and respiratory functions. The sad excerpts produced the largest changes in heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance and temperature. The fear excerpts produced the largest changes in blood transit time and amplitude. The happy excerpts produced the largest changes in the measures of respiration. These emotion-specific physiological changes only partially replicated those found for non musical emotions. However, the physiological effects of music observed generally support the emotivist view of musical emotions.
Picosecond Laser Spectroscopy of Molecules in Supersonic Jets: Vibrational Energy Redistribution and Quantum Beats

The dynamics of vibrational energy flow in large and isolated molecules following selective laser excitation is very interesting and challenging for many reasons. From a theoretical point of view, one would like to know how the coupling between bond vibrations influences the energy flow, and at what energy threshold does this flow or redistribution of energy from one mode-to-others occur. The energy region in which randomization or “chaotic behavior” dominates is important for mode-selective chemistry [1, 2].
Should Obama Have Won More Convincingly in 2008

The Autumn 2008 presidential elections saw the country in a situation with a falling economy, an unpopular Republican president, and two less than popular wars. These conditions are well known to hurt the incumbent party. Although Obama won, with these conditions, what would we expect had a generic Democrat run? I review forecast models and conclude that they suggest a generic Democrat would have gained an additional 2 or 3 percent of the vote, making the election a landslide. I propose a non-forecast (after the fact) model with the same result. Further, a review of the 2010 Congressional elections yields an estimate of a Democratic loss of about 2 percent more than what was predicted by the models. We find a small, but consistent, opposition to Obama that is not explained in the models.
Legal Education's 'Learned Society': Diversity, the Black Experience, and the Association of American Law Schools

This essay discusses the politicization of the Association of American Law Schools as evidenced by two events: the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Association and a fracas that occurred during the author's tenure as an editor of the Journal of Legal Education, published by AALS. A modified version of this essay appeared in Academic Questions, Spring 2001, at 46, now published by Springer.
The Determination of Chromium and Cobalt in Synovial Fluid by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Approximately one million orthopedic metal-on-metal prosthetic devices composed of chromium and cobalt have been implanted worldwide. While periprosthetic tissue reactions to metallic debris from these prosthetic devices is well described in the medical literature, in this study we wanted to measure chromium and cobalt in the surrounding synovial fluid in patients with failed hip replacements and correlate it to …
Taking a Visible Step Forward into the Non-Visible (Infrared) Region

This presentation focuses on our most recent work in the area of red to near-IR emitting OLEDs. The discussion will include descriptions of emitter design, device structures, external efficiencies and lifetimes of these devices.
Arachnoid mater of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: a potential model for the study of intermediate filaments

In the bullfrog, the meninges surrounding the central nervous system include an arachnoid mater that contains layers of cells with abundant intermediate filaments (IFs) having unique organizational characteristics. This membrane contains an inner lamina of cells that resemble fibroblasts and an outer lamina of flattened cells that are almost filled with IFs. The IFs of the outer arachnoid are arranged in compact, arching bundles that lie parallel to the outer surface of the central nervous system. Thus, sections cut tangentially to the membrane reveal bending of filament bundles, whereas transverse sections do not. In some cells bordering the subdural space, bundles of filaments are organized into highly-ordered spiral arrays. Attachments to the numerous desmosomes and, apparently, to the nuclear envelope suggest anchoring of cytoplasmic structures by the IF system. Microtubules occur primarily near the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Numerous caveolae also are associated with the plasma membrane. The unusual abundance, organization, and cytoplasmic relations of IFs in the bullfrog arachnoid suggest that this membrane may serve as an important model for study of fundamental cytoskeletal relations and function.
Fermion-dimer scattering using an impurity lattice Monte Carlo approach and the adiabatic projection method

We present lattice Monte Carlo calculations of fermion-dimer scattering in the limit of zero-range interactions using the adiabatic projection method. The adiabatic projection method uses a set of initial cluster states and Euclidean time projection to give a systematically improvable description of the low-lying scattering cluster states in a finite volume. We use L\"uscher's finite-volume relations to determine the $s$-wave, $p$-wave, and $d$-wave phase shifts. For comparison, we also compute exact lattice results using Lanczos iteration and continuum results using the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian equation. For our Monte Carlo calculations we use a new lattice algorithm called impurity lattice Monte Carlo. This algorithm can be viewed as a hybrid technique which incorporates elements of both worldline and auxiliary-field Monte Carlo simulations.
New records and range extensions of species of Dipogon (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) in Colorado

Four species of Dipogon are recorded from Colorado for the first time. These are hurdi Evans, pulchripennis (Cresson), graenicheri Banks, and brevis (Cresson). All are inhabitants of wooded areas and are believed to nest in cavities in trees. Notes are presented on habitat and prey of these 4 species and of the recently described species kiowa Evans.
Education and the "new" inequality in Papua New Guinea.

This article argues that studies of growing socioeconomic stratification in Papua New Guinea have ignored or dismissed gender as a source of inequality. The article focuses on educational opportunity as the key to wealth and political power and shows that the most educationally disadvantaged group in Papua New Guinea is rural women. Data from national censuses, the author's field work, and literature concerning stratification are used to support the argument.
Determination of Acrylamine in Food by Agilent 6410 LCQQQ

Agilent 6410 LCQQQ was employed to determine small molecule acrylamine in food.Rapid and quantitative analysis was achieved.LOQ of the method was obtained at 10 ng/mL,while LOD was observed at 1 ng/mL.Real samples of tea with different varieties and processing techniques were run and different amount of acrylamine was found in those samples.
On Legislation of EU Emissions Trading Scheme

The European Union established the first transboundary emissions trading scheme in the world in 2005,and it has developed into the world's largest single carbon market. In the beginning of 2008,the European Commission submitted the proposal for a Directive so as to improve and extend the EU emissions trading scheme,which would exert a huge influence on the development of global carbon market in the future. This article discusses the EU emissions trading scheme from a legal point of view,focusing the analysis on the legislation background and main legislation content,and with a view to providing some references for the formulation of climate change policies and laws as well as the establishment of carbon market in China.
The Exploration of Health Education Industrialization

Basing on the market economy opinion,health promotion industrialization is the inevitable development trend and feasible.And we should culture the market sense,innovate technology,seek the partners,clarify the connection with the government further,amend the system and coccupy the market.
Tempo and mode ofeven-skippedstripe 2 enhancer evolution inDrosophila

Abstract Regulatory sequences controlling important developmental genes are widely viewed as being functionally and evolutionarily constrained by temporal and cell-specific demands on expression. However, the evolution of gene regulation is also viewed as being an important factor in morphogenetic change. To address this issue, we compare sequences of theeven-skipped (eve)stripe 2 enhancer and promoter region within and between species ofDrosophila. The analysis reveals a large number of nucleotide substitutions in regulatory protein binding sites (bicoid, hunchback, kruppelandgiant), as well as a systematic change in the size of the enhancer. We argue that natural selection must be playing a positive role in the evolution of the stripe 2 enhancer.
Designing a Mechanical Latch for Robust Performance

Advances in computational sciences in the past three decades, such as those embodied by the finite element method, have made it possible to perform design and analysis using numerical simulations. While they offer undeniable benefits for rapid prototyping and can shorten the design-test-optimize cycle, numerical simulations also introduce assumptions and various sources of uncertainty. Examples are modeling assumptions proposed to represent a nonlinear material behavior, energy dissipation mechanisms and environmental conditions, in addition to numerical effects such as truncation error, mesh adaptation and artificial dissipation. Given these sources of uncertainty, what is the best way to support a design decision using simulations? We propose that an effective simulation-based design hinges on the ability to establish the robustness of its performance to assumptions and sources of uncertainty. Robustness means that exploring the uncertainty space that characterizes the simulation should not violate the performance requirement. The theory of information-gap (“info-gap”) for decision-making under severe uncertainty is applied to assess the robustness of two competing designs. The application is the dynamic stress performance of a mechanical latch for a consumer electronics product. The results are that the variant design only yields 10 % improvement in robustness to uncertainty while requiring 44 % more material for manufacturing. The analysis provides a rigorous rationale to decide that the variant design is not viable. (Approved for unlimited, public release, LA-UR-21296, unclassified.)
An individualized approach to student progression at a school of pharmacy

Abstract Objective To describe the individualized student progression process at a school of pharmacy (SOP) and to provide outcomes after nine semesters. Materials and methods The Student Progress Committee (SPC) gathers information related to students placed on academic probation including interviews with students. The committee reports their findings and recommendations to the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs. Students’ reasons for placement on probation were reviewed for themes. Of the students in the bottom quartile for admissions variables, those placed on academic probation were compared with those never placed on academic probation. Results The SOP matriculated five classes from fall 2010 to fall 2014 for a total of 430 students and 1966 student-semesters. A total of 68 students (15.9%) came before the SPC for a total of 90 student-semesters (4.6%) on academic probation. Of those students, 13 (19.1%) met with the committee twice and four (5.9%) came before the committee three times. More than 10% of students provided these reasons for course failure: lack of self-advocacy, complications with course expectations/delivery, studying process issues, difficulty in relationships outside school, excessive work/outside obligations, and challenges with exam taking. Nearly one in four students in the bottom performing quartile for admission variables across all cohorts spent time on academic probation. Conclusion While students on probation may be less academically inclined at admission, many students cite non-academic reasons for course failure. This supports an individualized approach for students on academic probation. This approach helps the school offer the student an opportunity for success and holds the student accountable for their performance.
Use of regularized principal component analysis to model anatomical changes during head and neck radiation therapy for treatment adaptation and response assessment

Purpose: To develop standard (SPCA) and regularized (RPCA) principal component analysis models of anatomical changes from daily cone beam CTs (CBCTs) of head and neck (H&N) patients and assess their potential use in adaptive radiation therapy, and for extracting quantitative information for treatment response assessment. Methods: Planning CT images of ten H&N patients were artificially deformed to create “digital phantom” images, which modeled systematic anatomical changes during radiation therapy. Artificial deformations closely mirrored patients’ actual deformations and were interpolated to generate 35 synthetic CBCTs, representing evolving anatomy over 35 fractions. Deformation vector fields (DVFs) were acquired between pCT and synthetic CBCTs (i.e., digital phantoms) and between pCT and clinical CBCTs. Patient-specific SPCA and RPCA models were built from these synthetic and clinical DVF sets. EigenDVFs (EDVFs) having the largest eigenvalues were hypothesized to capture the major anatomical deformations during treatment. Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) models achieve variable results, depending on the size and location of anatomical change. Random changes prevent or degrade PCA’s ability to detect underlying systematic change. RPCA is able to detect smaller systematic changes against the background of random fraction-to-fraction changes and is therefore more successful than SPCA at capturing systematic changes early in treatment. SPCA models were less successful at modeling systematic changes in clinical patient images, which contain a wider range of random motion than synthetic CBCTs, while the regularized approach was able to extract major modes of motion. Conclusions: Leading EDVFs from the both PCA approaches have the potential to capture systematic anatomical change during H&N radiotherapy when systematic changes are large enough with respect to random fraction-to-fraction changes. In all cases the RPCA approach appears to be more reliable at capturing systematic changes, enabling dosimetric consequences to be projected once trends are established early in a treatment course, or based on population models.
Chimeric antigen receptors for treatment of glioblastoma: a practical review of challenges and ways to overcome them

Glioblastoma (GBM) is by far the most common and the most aggressive of all the primary brain malignancies. No curative therapy exists, and median life expectancy hovers at around 1 year after diagnosis, with a minute fraction surviving beyond 5 years. The difficulty in treating GBM lies in the cancer's protected niche within the blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of the cancer cells, which possess varying degrees of susceptibility to various common modalities of treatment. Over time, it is the tumor heterogeneity of GBM and the ability of the cancer stem cells to evolve in response treatment that renders the cancer refractory to conventional treatment. Therefore, research has increasingly focused on treatment that incorporates knowledge of GBM molecular biology to therapeutic strategies. One type of therapy that shows great promise is the area of T-cell immunotherapy to target GBM-specific tumor antigens. One attractive strategy is to use T cells that have undergone genetic modification to express a chimeric antigen receptor capable of interacting with tumor antigens. In this article, we will review chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, their advantages, drawbacks, challenges facing their use and how those challenges may be overcome.
New micro channel features

Three features of the Micro Channel architecture are discussed. These features broaden the characteristics of that architecture to support advanced I/O devices or systems. These new features are a streaming data procedure (including 64-b transfers), address and data parity, and synchronous exception signaling. Streaming data is a procedure that provides the ability to transfer multiple data cycles within one bus envelope. The procedure distributes the device selection overhead across the total packet, nearly doubling (for 32 b) or quadrupling (for 64 b) the performance capability of the Micro Channel bus. Address and data parity are provided to improve the data integrity characteristics of the Micro Channel architecture. These mechanisms are particularly well suited to detecting typical errors, such as card seating problems, power disturbance, and electromagnetic interference. The Micro Channel architecture provides for exception signaling with the CHCK signal. The enhancements use previously reserved pins on the Micro Channel bus and retain compatibility with existing card and system board designs. >
Mean, Median, and Average Values of Variables

The data analyst often faces the question of what is the “best” value to report from N measurements of a random variable. In this chapter we investigate the use of the linear average, the weighted average, the median and a logarithmic average that may be applicable when the variable has a log-normal distribution. The latter may be useful when a variable has errors that are proportional to their measurements, avoiding the inherent bias arising in the weighted average from measurements with small values and small errors. We also introduce a relative-error weighted average that can be used as an approximation for the logarithmic mean for log-normal distributions.
Generation of Rice Mutants by Chemical Mutagenesis

Chemical mutagenesis of rice has been used extensively to generate useful genetic variation for the purpose of breeding improved varieties. More recently, advances in high-throughput genotyping platforms have enabled the efficient detection of point mutations generated by chemical agents. This in turn has renewed interest in using traditional chemical mutagenesis to generate mutant populations for gene discovery and functional characterization. Targeting of Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) is a powerful reverse genetics method which combines chemical mutagenesis with the high-throughput discovery of point mutations. Numerous chemical mutagens have been shown to be effective in generating point mutations and small deletions in rice. This chapter describes the use of a combination of sodium azide (NaN(3)) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea to generate populations that are suitable for TILLING as well as forward genetics and mutation breeding.
Back Cover: Experimental and Computational Evidence of Highly Active Fe Impurity Sites on the Surface of Oxidized Au for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Water in Basic Media (ChemElectroChem 1/2016)

Author(s): Klaus, Shannon; Trotochaud, Lena; Cheng, Mu-Jeng; Head-Gordon, Martin; Bell, Alexis T
Fathers' alcohol and cannabis use disorder and early onset of drug use by their children

Objective:The unique influence of fathers’ alcohol and cannabis use disorder on children’s onset of use of these same substances has been rarely studied. A clear understanding of family history in this context is important for the development of family-based prevention initiatives aimed at delaying the onset of substance use among children.Method:Prospective, longitudinal, and intergenerational data on 274 father–child dyads were used. Logistic regression models were estimated to assess the association between fathers’ lifetime incidence of an alcohol and cannabis use disorder and children’s onset of use of these same substances at or before age 15.Results:The children of fathers who met the criteria for a lifetime cannabis use disorder were more likely to initiate use of alcohol (odds ratio = 6.71, 95% CI [1.92, 23.52]) and cannabis (odds ratio = 8.13, 95% CI [2.07, 31.95]) by age 15, when background covariates and presence of a lifetime alcohol use disorder were controlled for. No unique effect of fathe...
Aldolases as Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

This manuscript describes studies of the synthetic utility of more than 20 enzymes which catalyze aldol addition reactions. The enantio- and diastereo-specific carbon-carbon bond formation catalyzed by aldolases is one of the most efficient and practical route to common and uncommon sugar derivatives. Detailed studies on the synthetic application of FDP aldolase-catalyzed condensation indicate that enzymatic aldol reactions seem to have genuine value as a method of synthesis for polyhydroxy compounds. The enzymatic aldol reactions provide an alternative route to carbohydrates which are difficult to prepare based on organic asymmetric aldol addition reactions and complement methods based on asymmetric epoxidations and asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions.
On the detection of cerebral metabolic depression in experimental traumatic brain injury using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)-weighted MRI

Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibiting long-term neurological deficits. This study investigated the feasibility and reproducibility of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to detect cerebral metabolic depression in experimental TBI. Phantom and in vivo CEST experiments were conducted at 9.4 Tesla to optimize the selective saturation for enhancing the endogenous contrast-weighting of the proton exchanges over the range of glucose proton chemical shifts (glucoCEST) in the resting rat brain. The optimized glucoCEST-weighted imaging was performed on a closed-head model of diffuse TBI in rats with 2-deoxy-D-[14C]-glucose (2DG) autoradiography validation. The results demonstrated that saturation duration of 1‒2 seconds at pulse powers 1.5‒2µT resulted in an improved contrast-to-noise ratio between the gray and white matter comparable to 2DG autoradiographs. The intrasubject (n = 4) and intersubject (n = 3) coefficient of variations for repeated glucoCEST acquisitions (n = 4) ranged between 8‒16%. Optimization for the TBI study revealed that glucoCEST-weighted images with 1.5μT power and 1 s saturation duration revealed the greatest changes in contrast before and after TBI, and positively correlated with 2DG autoradiograph (r = 0.78, p < 0.01, n = 6) observations. These results demonstrate that glucoCEST-weighted imaging may be useful in detecting metabolic abnormalities following TBI.