cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Four Simple Stimuli that Induce Host-Seeking and Blood-Feeding Behaviors in Two Mosquito Species, with a Clue to DEET's Mode of Action

Bioassays in a wind tunnel showed that a combination of four stimuli releases intense host-seeking and blood-feeding behavioral responses from females of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The stimuli are carbon dioxide, water vapor, warmth, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mosquitoes responded to this combination with a repertoire of blood-feeding behaviors that included upwind flight, landing, probing, and engorgement. Absence of carbon dioxide, water vapor, or ATP from the combination of stimuli or exposure to temperatures 12° C below or above human-host temperature (38° C) significantly attenuated blood-feeding behavior in both species. Although there is literature documenting the individual importance of each of these stimuli, our work represents the first instance where this combination of stimuli was found sufficient to elicit a complete repertoire of blood-feeding behaviors in these mosquitoes without involvement of any host specific odor. When mosquitoes were exposed to the four stimuli along with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), feeding behavior was greatly suppressed. We hypothesize that a possible mode of action for DEET against these mosquitoes involves interference of warmth and/or water vapor receptors. An electrophysiological study designed to determine if DEET adversely affects the function of these receptors would be illuminating.
Canine osteosarcoma failure of intravenous or intralesional BCG as adjuvant immunotherapy

Dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma of an extremity were entered into two consecutive trials of adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG. In the first trial, 30 dogs underwent amputation followed by intravenous BCG, 0.4−1.6×108 viable organisms, on the day of amputation, 1 and 3 weeks later and then monthly for 1 year. In the second trial, 2−8×108 viable BCG organisms or 6 mg BCG cell walls in oil were injected intralesionally 10–26 (median=17) days before amputation. Neither time to development of metastatic disease nor survival was prolonged by either immunotherapy protocol.
Cross-neutralizing and subclass characteristics of antibody from horses with equine infectious anemia virus

Antibody responses in horses with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) were examined to determine their cross-neutralizing capacity. Antibodies induced by infection with any of six biologically cloned variants of EIAV cross-neutralized multiple variants from the group. Anti-EIAV antibody was found in both the IgG and IgG(T) subclasses in plasmas with virus-neutralizing activity and the majority of antiviral antibody was of the IgG(T) subclass. Depletion of IgG(T) did not increase the neutralization indexes of either neutralizing or non-neutralizing plasma samples.
Evidence that emotional maladjustment is worse in men than in women with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gender on adjustment and cognition in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (NES) and on patients with epilepsy. We compared 57 women and 27 men, all at least 16 years old, with only NES as documented by long-term EEG-video monitor studies, to equal numbers of randomly selected women and men with only epileptic seizures. Variables examined included age, age of onset, education, scales from the MMPI, the WAIS-R, and the number of tests outside normal limits from the Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy. We found no significant differences in mean age, intelligence, or percentage of neuropsychological tests outside normal limits across the four groups. Women and men with NES had significantly later age of onset of attacks compared with subjects of either gender with epilepsy (26 years vs 13 years, P < 0.001) and men with NES had greater educational achievement than women with NES or patients with epilepsy (P < 0.02). However, the most important findings were seen on the MMPI. Men with NES exhibited significantly greater elevations on multiple scales (especially Hysteria, Depression, Hypochondriasis, Psychoasthenia, Schizophrenia) compared with men with epilepsy or women with either epilepsy or NES. We conclude that men with NES have significantly worse patterns of emotional adjustment, as measured by the MMPI, than women with NES or subjects of either gender with epilepsy.
Induced mutations for reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content in potatoes

Mutation breeding was used to produce mutants of the potato breeding selection NDA1725-1 with reduced levels of tuber glycoalkaloids. Excised tuber eye-pieces were exposed to 35 Gy of gamma rays from a 60 Co source. In the M 1 v 1 , leaf tissue was screened using high-performance thin layer chromatography and each plant given a relative score based on a subjective rating of band intensity. Tubers were harvested from all plants that produced leaves with relatively low levels of glycoalkaloids. Tuber glycoalkaloids were quantified in the M 1 V 2 and M 1 V 3 using high-performance liquid chromatography, and 35% and 23% of clones with the lowest glycoalkaloid content were selected for further evaluation in each generation, respectively. In the M 1 V 4 , M 1 V 5 and M 1 V 6 , selection was based on statistically significant differences between the mutant clones and the controls for glycoalkaloid content, as determined using a gravimetric quantification method, as well as on agronomic and quality characteristics. At the end of six clonal generations three selections exhibited acceptable levels of tuber glycoalkaloids and retained enough of the parent clone's exceptional traits to have potential in the commercial potato chip (crisp) industry.
Synthesis and structure of a homoleptic rhenium thiolate cluster

Abstract Rhenium(III) chloride reacts with sodium isopropylthiolate to give the homoleptic rhenium thiolate cluster Re3(μ-SPri3(SPri6 in moderate yield. Proton and 13C NMR spectra indicate the cluster has virtual Cs symmetry in solution due to the high barrier to inversion for the three-coordinate sulfur atoms at the bridging sites. The Re–Re bond distances are longer than those in analogous alkoxide clusters.
Significance of lead strength during exercise testing.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of relative lead strengths to exercise-induced ECG changes (ST depression) to predict the degree of myocardial ischemia as compared to the angiograms. This was accomplished by comparing the magnitude of ST depression to the ST/R ratio. Studies have shown that the diagnostic strength of a lead is directly related to the R wave amplitude1 and that sensitivity is significantly improved. Methods: Three hundred patients, who underwent treadmill exercise testing and coronary angiography revealing significant coronary narrowing (≥70% luminal diameter narrowing), were studied, along with 150 patients clear of significant coronary artery disease (<70% luminar diameter narrowing). Our goal was to determine the correlation between the relative lead strengths, using a constructed ST/R ratio, to exercise induced ECG changes (ST depression) to predict the presence of myocardial ischemia as compared to angiographic findings. Using a cutoff of 0.1 for the ST/R ratio, our data were compared to the sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 mm ST depression. Results: Overall sensitivity was improved for the ST/R ratio (84% vs 78%), while specificity was slightly decreased (81% vs 92%) in comparison to standard ST depression. When differentiating between R wave amplitudes, those with R wave ≤ 10 mm showed significantly improved sensitivity (88% vs 54%) and a minor decrease in specificity (90% vs 92%). In those with R wave ≥ 20 mm, the sensitivity of ST depression was higher (88% vs 71%) but the ST/R ratio was much more specific (88% vs 46%). No significant difference was observed when differentiating between male and female patients. Conclusion: We found that the correction of ST depression for R wave amplitude results in improved sensitivity in patients with low R waves and specificity in patients with very tall R waves (R ≥ 20 mm).
Neuroticism and extraversion of female homosexuals.

Analysis of whether differing sex-object choices by 46 female heterosexuals and 46 female homosexuals are associated with significant differences in scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory indicated heterosexual women were higher on the Neuroticism scale. No differences were found on the Lie or Introversion/Extraversion scales. Neither group scored above or below what is considered to be normal T-ranges of 30 to 70 on any scale.
Spatial statistics and distributed estimation by robotic sensor networks

Networks of environmental sensors are playing an increasingly important role in scientific studies of the ocean, rivers, and the atmosphere. Robotic sensors can improve the efficiency of data collection, adapt to changes in the environment, and provide a robust response to individual failures. Their operation must be driven by statistically-aware algorithms that make the most of the network capabilities for data collection and fusion. At the same time, such algorithms need to be distributed and scalable to make robotic networks capable of operating in an autonomous and robust fashion. The combination of these two objectives, complex statistical modeling and distributed coordination, presents grand technical challenges: traditional statistical modeling and inference assume full availability of all measurements and central computation. While the availability of data at a central location is certainly a desirable property, the paradigm for distributed motion coordination builds on partial, fragmented information. This work surveys recent progress at bridging the gap between sophisticated statistical modeling and distributed motion coordination.
Data analysis and interpretation of results in DATAS trial.

Regarding the DATAS randomized study by Almendral et al. , 1 we would like to comment on methodological issues that may limit the validity of the results of this trial. The investigators have created clinically significant adverse events (CSAEs) scoring system2 based on assigning arbitrary weights to actual events that may artificially change the value of the analysed events, …
An undergraduate course in composite materials at the U.S. Naval Academy

The structure and topics in the composite materials course at the US Naval Academy are described. The theoretical development in the text gives a geometrical derivation of the strain tensor. If it is approached from the point of view of a general motion of a piece of material using a truncated Taylor's series, many worthwhile insights are reviewed or gained. In the early laboratory work unidirectional laminates are made and cut into strips. Most of the experimental verification in the course is done with very basic tools. Values for the modulii of composite materials are found by bending and buckling thin composite beams. The results are usefully accurate for the course and demonstrate the utility and feasibility of simple experiments. >
Fast breakpoints: design and implementation

We have designed and implemented a fast breakpoint facility. Breakpoints are usually thought of as a feature of an interactive debugger, in which case the breakpoints need not be particularly fast. In our environment breakpoints are often used for non-interactive information gathering; for example, procedure call count and statement execution count profiling [Swinehart, et al.]. When used non-interactively, breakpoints should be as fast as possible, so as to perturb the execution of the program as little as possible. Even in interactive debuggers, a conditional breakpoint facility would benefit from breakpoints that could transfer to the evaluation of the condition rapidly, and continue expeditiously if the condition were not satisfied. Such conditional breakpoints could be used to check assertions, etc. Program advising could also make use of fast breakpoints [Teitelman]. Examples of advising include tracing, timing, and even animation, all of which should be part of an advanced programming environment.We have ported the Cedar environment from a machine with microcode support for breakpoints [Lampson and Pier] to commercial platforms running C code [Atkinson, et al.]. Most of our ports run under the Unix* operating system, so one choice for implementing breakpoints for Cedar was to use the breakpoint facility provided by that system. The breakpoints provided by the Unix operating system are several orders of magnitude too slow (and also several process switches too complicated) for the applications we have in mind. So we designed a breakpoint system that was fast enough for our purposes.Breakpoints for uni-processors running single threads of control used to be fast and simple to implement. This paper shows that breakpoints can still be fast, even with multiple threads of control on multi-processors. This paper describes problems in the design of a breakpoint package for modern computer architectures and programming styles, and our solutions to them for a particular architecture.
Sequence-pair based placement method for hard/soft/pre-placed modules

This paper proposes a placement method for a mixed set of hard, soft, and pre-placed modules, based on a placement topology representation called sequence-pair. Under one sequence-pair, a convex optimization problem is efficiently formulated and solved to optimize the aspect ratios of the soft modules. The method is used in two ways: i) directly applied in simulated annealing to present the most exact placement method, ii) applied as a post process in an approximate placement method for faster computation. The performance of these two methods are reported using MCNC benchmark examples.
Obsidian as Jewelry: Lapidary Production in Aztec Otumba, Mexico

Research carried out during the last three decades at the Late Postclassic city-state of Otumba, Mexico, has identified a wide variety of craft-production specializations. Data derived from excavations and surface collections made at the workshop site of one of Otumba's specialties—lapidary jewelry production—have revealed much of the process for the production of such jewelry, including ear spools, lip plugs, and beads, along with some possible secondary products, such as sequins and disks, all primarily made from obsidian. Besides the lapidary products themselves, many of the tools employed in production—made of obsidian, chert, and basalt—were found. The materials recovered enhance and expand upon the information available from colonial documentary sources, providing greater insight into this complicated and intriguing process.
Vitamin D status of morbidly obese bariatric surgery patients

Background Abnormal vitamin D levels are common in bariatric surgery patients. The incidence of deficiencies and the response to therapy is not accurately delineated. The purpose of this study was to define the vitamin D status of patients who undergo either a malabsorptive (gastric bypass) or restrictive (adjustable gastric band) bariatric surgery both prior to and after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients to undergo bariatric surgery from July 2002 to February 2007. Serum levels of vitamin D (Vit D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium were analyzed. Results Mean patient age was 45 y; 82% of patients were women. Of 127 total patients, 84% were Vit D deficient preoperatively. These patients had a higher preoperative body mass index (BMI) than those with normal Vit D levels on initial assessment (BMI 44 versus 50 kg/m2, P Conclusions Morbidly obese patients seeking bariatric surgery are often deficient in Vit D, a fact that should be accounted for when evaluating the impact of bariatric surgery on Vit D levels. Elevated BMI and increasing degrees of obesity may be risk factors for both Vit D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Despite normal Vit D levels, some gastric bypass patients continue to show elevated levels of PTH.
Small-signal analysis and modeling of the Dual Active Half Bridge converter

In this paper, authors propose a simplified small-signal modeling method for the Dual Active Half Bridge (DAHB) converter is proposed in this paper. The DAHB converter is a good candidate for bi-directional, high step ratio applications and is widely used in various situations. Authors proposed an averaged-switch based small signal analysis, which can significantly reduce the model complexity and computational cost. A mathematical framework for the proposed method is also given. Authors characterized the performance of the proposed method in terms of the experimental measurements, numerical simulations and analytical solutions.
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN SELECTED CHORISTONEURA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): A TOXICOLOGICAL AND GENETIC SURVEY

An assessment of toxicological responses among the Choristoneura species occidentalis , viridis , and fumiferana indicated that within-species variation in response to acephate may be as large as between-species variation. Studies of C . occidentalis sibling groups suggest that allozyme variation at the second esterase locus may be related to differential sensitivity to acephate. Use of genetic markers to forecast population response in control programs is discussed.
The Role of Parental Monitoring in Metabolic Control: Effect on Adherence and Externalizing Behaviors During Adolescence

Objective We examined the role of parental monitoring (general and diabetes specific) on metabolic control through better adherence and lower externalizing behaviors for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods Adolescents aged 10–14 (n ¼ 252) completed assessments of general and diabetes-specific mothers’ and fathers’ monitoring, adherence, and the Youth Self Report (YSR). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) indexed diabetes control. Results Path analyses revealed that perceived mothers’ general monitoring was indirectly associated with lower HbA1c through lower externalizing behaviors and higher adherence. Perceived fathers’ general monitoring was associated with HbA1c differently at the extremes: low fathers’ monitoring was associated with higher HbA1c through higher externalizing behaviors; high fathers’ monitoring was associated with HbA1c through higher adherence. Diabetes-specific monitoring was not associated with externalizing behaviors. Conclusion Perceived mothers’ and fathers’ general parental monitoring facilitates metabolic control through a similar process, with parental differences largely seen at the extremes.
Structural comparison of two anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody drug products using middle-down mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an information rich analytical tool that can provide fast, robust and sensitive characterization of protein therapeutics for quality assurance and structural comparison. Herein, structural characterization of two anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies obtained from two different sources was performed using a middle-down LC-MS strategy to determine if they can be analytically differentiated. Through the use of a specific enzymatic digestion method using IdeS with subsequent LC-MS analysis, we show that the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the FDA can be partially characterized and differentiated analytically from an Indian sourced product that lacks FDA approval. In comparison to the FDA-approved product, differential modifications to both the N- and C-termini result in increased charge heterogeneity for the Indian product. In addition, significant differences in the intensities of the observed glycoforms between the two antibodies were detected. While this study assesses only one lot of each of a FDA approved drug product and the Indian sourced drug product, the observed differences may represent process specific fingerprints that could be useful for surveillance purposes.
The effect of methionine, ethylene and polyamine catabolic intermediates on polyamine accumulation in detached soybean leaves

In the present study we determined the effects of methionine, intermediates of polyamine catabolic pathways and inhibitors of either ethylene biosynthetic or polyamine catabolic pathways on polyamine accumulation in soybean leaves. Inhibitors to SAM decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, methylglyloxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) and cyclohexylamine, respectively, suggest that methionine may provide aminopropyl groups for the synthesis of polyamine via S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Results from experiments that utilized a combination of compounds which altered either ethylene or polyamine biosynthesis, namely, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine, COSO 4 , 2,5-norbornadiene, and CuSO 4 , suggest the two pathways compete for a common precursor. However, exogenous addition of ethylene (via ethephon treatments) had little or no effect on polyamine biosynthesis. Likewise, polyamine treatments had little or no effect on ethylene biosynthesis. These data suggest that there are few or no inhibitory effects from the end products of one pathway on the synthesis of the other. Data from leaves treated with metabolic intermediates in the catabolic pathway of polyamines and inhibitors of enzymes in the catabolic pathway, i.e. aminoguanidine, hydroxyethyldrazine and gabaculine, suggest that the observed increases in polyamine titers were not due to decreased catabolism of the polyamines. One catabolic intermediate, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), elevated putrescine, spermidine and spermine by 12-, 1.4-, and 2-fold, respectively. Ethylene levels decreased (25%) in GABA-treated leaves. This small decrease in ethylene could not account for such large increase in putrescine titers. Further analysis demonstrated that the GABA-mediated polyamine accumulation was inhibited by difluoromethylarginine, an inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase, but not by difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. These data suggest that GABA directly or indirectly affects the biosynthesis of polyamines via arginine decarboxylase.
Consumer behavior: An appraisal

This article deals with the status of consumer research after nearly twenty years of emphasis. There is a brief history of the subject, an analysis of the number and type articles being published, and an assessment of the direction consumer behavior may take in the future. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00BV020 00002
Using multiple methods to evaluate a freshmen design course

ENGR 100 is a hands-on, team-based freshmen design course in which students engage in design activities, learn about the field of engineering, and develop an understanding of what kinds of skills and knowledge are necessary to pursue a career in engineering. The learning that results from these kinds of authentic tasks is not easy to assess with traditional tests or a single assessment method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching methods and course content, we created an evaluation plan that utilized triangulation of data through multiple methods. Triangulation is not just a tactic to establish validity and credibility of findings, it is a robust mode of inquiry that provides opportunities to view complementary and contrasting data. The authors present an in-depth description of our evaluation plan. This includes a description of the planning and administration of the assessment tasks, the selection of assessment methods and development of instruments, and how the plan triangulated data across assessment methodologies.
Calibration of millimeter-wave polarimeters using a thin dielectric sheet

We present the theory and application of a novel calibration system for millimeter and microwave polarimeters. The technique is a simple extension of the conventional wire-grid approach, but employs a thin dielectric sheet rather than a grid. The primary advantage of this approach is to obtain a calibration signal that is only slightly polarized, which can be beneficial for certain applications such as astronomical radiometers that measure very low levels of polarization, or systems with a small dynamic range. We compare this approach with other calibration techniques and discuss its successful use in the calibration of the polarization observations of large angular regions experiment, designed to measure polarization in cosmic microwave background radiation.
Pregnant and Parenting Students on Campus: Policy and Program Implications for a Growing Population

The number of pregnant and parenting students in higher education is increasing. Research suggests this population experiences added pressure and stress while pursuing their education. Few resources exist for these students and the universities who provide services do not adequately promulgate them to the campus community. The research presented examines the policies and programmatic needs of pregnant and parenting students at a mid-Atlantic state university. Participants identified both tangible and intangible resources in which new or better policies and programs were needed to assist them in completing their degree. Study implications are discussed and recommendations for policy are presented.
Continuous Frequency Adjustment Technique Based on Dynamic Workload Prediction

Real-time embedded systems increasingly rely on dynamic power management to balance between power and performance goals. In this paper, we present a technique for continuous frequency adjustment (CFA) which enables one to adjust the frequency values of various functional blocks in the system at very low granularity so as to minimize energy while meeting a performance constraint. A key feature of the proposed technique is that the workload characteristics for functional blocks are effectively captured at runtime to generate a frequency value that is continuously adjusted, thereby eliminating the delay and energy penalties incurred by transitions between power-saving modes. The workload prediction is accomplished by solving an initial value problem (IVP). Applying CFA to a real-time system in 65 nm CMOS technology, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique by reporting 13.6% energy saving under a performance constraint.
Amplitude threshold criteria improve surface electrode specificity during walking and functional movements

Contamination of electromyographic (EMG) data due to crosstalk in recordings from surface electrodes can lead to misinterpretation of results. The purpose of this study was to determine if removing a portion of the EMG signal normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) would improve the specificity of surface electrode recordings. We hypothesized that setting an amplitude threshold to define when a muscle was active would remove that part of the myoelectric signal most likely to include crosstalk, without affecting the intensity or the onset and cessation times. Surface and intramuscular electrodes recorded signals from the same muscles of adults performing cyclic ankle movements and walking at self-selected speeds. Signals identified as crosstalk were eliminated when 15% and 18% of the amplitude of the normalized signal was removed and muscle timing or intensity was not significantly changed in most cases.
Brain Stimulation for Torsion Dystonia.

Importance Dystonia is a heterogeneous neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal muscle contractions for which standard medical therapy is often inadequate. For such patients, therapeutic brain stimulation is becoming increasingly used. Objectives To review the evidence and effect sizes for treating different types of dystonia with different types of brain stimulation and to discuss recent advances relevant to patient selection, surgical approach, programming, and mechanism of action. Evidence Review PubMed was searched for publications on the clinical effect of brain stimulation in dystonia up through December 31, 2014. Recent meta-analyses, consensus statements, and evidence-based guidelines were incorporated. Emphasis was placed on deep brain stimulation (DBS) and randomized clinical trials; however, other stimulation modalities and trial designs were included. For each intervention the mean change in dystonia severity, number of patients studied, and evidence of efficacy based on American Academy of Neurology criteria were determined. Findings Strong (level B) evidence supports the use of DBS for the treatment of primary generalized or segmental dystonia, especially when due to mutation in the DYT1 gene, as well as for patients with cervical dystonia. Large effect sizes have also been reported for DBS treatment of tardive dystonia, writer’s cramp, cranial dystonia, myoclonus dystonia, and off-state dystonia associated with Parkinson disease. Lesser benefit is generally seen in dystonia secondary to structural brain damage. Other brain stimulation techniques, including epidural cortical stimulation and noninvasive brain stimulation, have been investigated, but generally report smaller effect sizes in fewer patients. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with dystonia that is not adequately controlled with standard medical therapy should be referred for consideration of DBS, especially patients with generalized, segmental, or cervical dystonia. Other less-invasive stimulation modalities require further research before being considered a therapeutic alternative.
A small protein that mediates the activation of a two-component system by another two-component system

The PmrA-PmrB two-component system of Salmonella enterica controls resistance to the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B and to several antimicrobial proteins from human neutrophils. Transcription of PmrA-activated genes is induced by high iron, but can also be promoted by growth in low magnesium in a process that requires another two-component system, PhoP-PhoQ. Here, we define the genetic basis for the interaction between the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB systems. We have identified pmrD as a PhoP-activated gene that mediates the transcriptional activation of PmrA-regulated genes during growth in low magnesium. When transcription of pmrD is driven from a heterologous promoter, expression of PmrA-activated genes occurs even at repressing magnesium concentrations and becomes independent of the phoP and phoQ genes. The PmrD effect is specific for PmrA-regulated genes and requires functional PmrA and PmrB proteins. A pmrD mutant is sensitive to polymyxin if grown in low magnesium, but resistant if grown in high iron. The PmrD protein controls the activity of the PmrA-PmrB system at a post-transcriptional level.
Tardive dyskinesia in depressed patients: Successful therapy with antidepressants and lithium

Abstract Depression appears to be common in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD), and we hypothesized that this refractory movement disorder might respond to antidepressant treatment. We treated 19 TD patients with tricyclic antidepressant therapy supplemented within two to three weeks with lithium carbonate. All patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder, although seven of them denied being dys phoric. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale and the Hamilton Rating Scale were used to measure dyskinesia and de pression, respectively. Of the 19 patients, 11 (58%) experienced moderate or marked improvement in both dyskinesia and de pression. The authors conclude that treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant and lithium may alleviate tardive dyskinesia in patients with depressive symptoms.
Comments on Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition

This paper presents the basics of this model, including what physical conditions could produce a calibration constant shift and what might cause those conditions to arise. The new evidences are discussed and it is shown that the possibility of at-the-electrode recombination cannot be eliminated, in fact prior photographic evidence is shown to be reasonable evidence of this phenomenon. Thus in the absence of definitive data, the conclusion that apparent excess heat arises from a nuclear cause is premature. If the apparent excess heat signal is not representative of a true heat source, but is instead an equipment/method malfunction, integrating the signal is of no value. This paper proposes that is the situation, and will therefore focus on examining the phenomenon of apparent excess enthalpy (sometimes called excess heat). Not addressed will be the myriad of other purported evidences of nuclear reactions. The apparent excess heat claims form the largest block of claims for a nuclear FPHE cause, and the correlation of apparent excess heat with apparent nuclear ash detection is often cited as evidence of the nuclear nature of the FPHE. But confidence in the validity of the apparent excess heat signal is of critical importance in validating a nuclear explanation. If the heat signal is erroneous, any correlation to nuclear ash production must also be erroneous, and the nuclear ash measurements likely spurious. This is a critical realization.
Fostering Ecological Citizenship: The Case of Environmental Service-Learning in Costa Rica

The intent of this study was to explore how experiential education fosters ecological or environmental citizenship. In this context, we investigated the impact of international environmental service-learning in a college course. Specifically our research question was does environmental service-learning have an effect on ecological citizenship? Using a multimethod approach of both qualitative and quantitative instruments our study drew on 13 participant interviews, 19 student journals and 10 survey responses. Employing variables from the Value-Belief-Norm Theory our findings suggest that environmental service-learning experiences impact both awareness of environmental consequences and personal normative beliefs. We conclude that ecological citizenship was indirectly impacted through these social psychological predicators. Results of this study provide environmental educators with some important insights while implications of this study indicate the need for further research into experiential education and especially environmental service-learning as a means to encourage this type of citizenry.
Mechanical response of DT target to acceleration for a laser power plant

AbstractMechanical response of DT targets to acceleration was analyzed using the finite element method for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) targets and for smaller targets that have been proposed for an upcoming Fusion Test Facility (FTF). Analysis was done in the temperature and acceleration regions of interest for Inertial Fusion Energy (14-19 K and 1,000-10,000 m/s2). In these ranges, von Mises stress distribution, axial deflection, and the minimum value of support membrane attachment angle as well as free vibrations of the target after it leaves the injector were calculated. The role of the outer polymer coating, the support membrane attachment angle and the DT void pressure in the mechanical response of a DT target to acceleration was considered. Analysis shows, assuming that DT mechanical properties are equivalent to D2, that IFE and FTF targets should withstand acceleration of up to 10,000 m/s2 with negligible deformation.
Systemic and mesenteric O2 metabolism in endotoxic pigs: effect of ibuprofen and meclofenamate.

The effect of two chemically dissimilar cyclooxygenase inhibitors was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized endotoxic pigs. Animals in groups II-IV were infused with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 150 micrograms/kg) and resuscitated with normal saline (1.2 ml.kg-1.min-1). Animals in group I (n = 4) were resuscitated as above but were not infused with LPS. Animals in group II (n = 7) served as endotoxic controls. Pigs in groups III (n = 6) and IV (n = 5) were pre- and posttreated with ibuprofen (10 mg/kg bolus then 10 mg.kg-1.h-1 and meclofenamate (5 mg/kg then 5 mg.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Ileal intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration [( H+]) was estimated tonometrically. In group I, cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), superior mesenteric arterial perfusion (QSMA), and mesenteric O2 delivery (DO2) increased significantly, but other variables were unchanged. After infusion of LPS in group II, MAP and systemic vascular resistance index were markedly diminished but CI was well preserved. In this group, QSMA, systemic DO2, and mesenteric DO2 decreased, whereas systemic O2 uptake (VO2) and gut [H+] increased; mesenteric VO2 was unchanged. Compared with pigs in group II, pigs treated with ibuprofen or meclofenamate manifested improved systemic and mesenteric DO2. In groups III and IV, QSMA remained normal, increased systemic VO2 was not observed, and gut intramucosal acidosis was ameliorated. Increased intramucosal [H+] in group II suggests that QSMA was inadequate. The salutary effects of ibuprofen and meclofenamate suggest that inadequate mesenteric perfusion was mediated, at least in part, by cyclooxygenase-derived metabolites or arachidonic acid.
Addition of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane to a high-saturated fat meal reduces the postprandial insulinaemic and inflammatory response in overweight and obese adults

Meals high in SFA, particularly palmitate, are associated with postprandial inflammation and insulin resistance. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate the negative effects of SFA-rich meals. Our objective was to examine the postprandial metabolic and inflammatory response to a high-fat meal composed of palm oil (PO) compared with PO with an added dairy fraction rich in MFGM (PO+MFGM) in overweight and obese men and women (n 36) in a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over trial. Participants consumed two isoenergetic high-fat meals composed of a smoothie enriched with PO with v. without a cream-derived complex milk lipid fraction ( dairy fraction rich in MFGM) separated by a washout of 1-2 weeks. Serum cytokines, adhesion molecules, cortisol and markers of inflammation were measured at fasting, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postprandially. Glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were analysed in plasma. Consumption of the PO + MFGM v. PO meal resulted in lower total cholesterol (P = 0·021), LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·046), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (P = 0·005) and insulin (P = 0·005) incremental AUC, and increased IL-10 (P = 0·013). Individuals with high baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (≥3 mg/l, n 17) had higher (P = 0·030) insulin at 1 h after the PO meal than individuals with CRP concentrations <3 mg/l (n 19). The addition of MFGM attenuated this difference between CRP groups. The addition of a dairy fraction rich in MFGM attenuated the negative effects of a high-SFA meal by reducing postprandial cholesterol, inflammatory markers and insulin response in overweight and obese individuals, particularly in those with elevated CRP.
Formation of Planar Arrays of One-Dimensional p−n Heterojunctions Using Surface-Directed Growth of Nanowires and Nanowalls

We report a surface-directed vapor−liquid−solid process for planar growth of one-dimensional heterojunctions of zinc oxide on single crystal gallium nitride (GaN) that enables their hierarchical assembly to light emitting diodes. An individual heterojunction is about 10 μm in length and 80 nm in width and is formed by planar growth of an n-type ZnO nanowire or nanowall on p-type GaN surface using Au catalyst. Our results show that a ZnO nanocrystal at its nucleation site has six possible growth directions that can be engineered and controlled using an intentional blockade of the nanocrystal growth in certain directions owing to similarities in crystal structures of ZnO and GaN. The ZnO nanowalls are formed when nanowires during their planar growth slowly grow in direction normal to the substrate via a self-catalytic process. The crystal structure of these heterojunctions is examined from two different crystallographic perspectives using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate ab...
On the Development of a Numerical Model for the Simulation of Two-Phase Heat Transfer Devices in Terrestrial and Space Environments

alm evaporation/condensation model is necessary for complete numerical simulation of a two-phase heat transfer device. When complete, this tool represents a new capability that does not exist at this time. It comes with the ability to accurately simulate twophase heat transfer devices to predict and design for the transient operation in one- and micro-gravity environments. The outcome of this research will ensure that the next generation of two-phase heat transfer devices will be better understood and fully tested prior to implementation.
Nectar Production in Oilseeds: Food for Pollinators in an Agricultural Landscape

Pollinating insects are in decline throughout the world, driven by a combination of factors including the loss of forage resources. The maize (Zea mays L.)– and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–dominated agriculture of the Central and Midwestern United States produces a landscape relatively devoid of nectar and pollen resources. Introducing specialty oilseeds into current crop rotations could provide abundant floral resources for pollinating insects as well as a high-value crop for growers. We investigated the nectar sugar resources and insect visitation throughout flower anthesis of nine specialty oilseed crops in west-central Minnesota and eastern South Dakota during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Total sugar produced over anthesis (TS) was highest for echium (Echium plantagineum L.) at 472 kg ha⁻¹. Canola (Brassica napus L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.), echium, borage (Borago officinalis L.), and cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × Cuphea lanceolata W. T. Aiton) produced enough sugar in one hectare to supply the annual sugar needs of a least one managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony. Pollinators visited flowers of all crops, with as many as 90 insects min⁻¹ observed. Our study is unique as we measured nectar sugar production, flower density, and insect visitation throughout anthesis for multiple specialty oilseed crops, providing a seasonwide perspective of the flux of nectar resources for pollinators. Adding specialty oilseed crops into current crop rotations could aid in reversing pollinator decline by providing forage resources that are lacking in the current agricultural landscape.
Detailed transient heme structures of Mb-CO in solution after CO dissociation: an X-ray transient absorption spectroscopic study.

Although understanding the structural dynamics associated with ligand photodissociation is necessary in order to correlate structure and function in biological systems, few techniques are capable of measuring the ultrafast dynamics of these systems in solution-phase at room temperature. We present here a detailed X-ray transient absorption (XTA) study of the photodissociation of CO-bound myoglobin (Fe(II)CO-Mb) in room-temperature aqueous buffer solution with a time resolution of 80 ps, along with a general procedure for handling biological samples under the harsh experimental conditions that transient X-ray experiments entail. The XTA spectra of (Fe(II)CO-Mb) exhibit significant XANES and XAFS alterations following 527 nm excitation, which remain unchanged for >47 μs. These spectral changes indicate loss of the CO ligand, resulting in a five-coordinate, domed heme, and significant energetic reorganization of the 3d orbitals of the Fe center. With the current experimental setup, each X-ray pulse in the pu...
Cytogenetics of the hybrid Gilia millefoliata × achilleaefolia

Gilia millefoliata andG. achilleaefolia, two annual diploid (n=9) species ofPolemoniaceae, crossed readily in certain combinations but not in others. The F1 hybrids were vigorous but sterile. They gave rise, apparently by the union of unreduced gametes, to an F2 generation of tetraploids, which were mostly fertile.
Stochastic Biomechanical Model and Simulation for the Injury Rate and Risk Factors of the Non-contact ACL Injury

It is important to understand the biomechanical risk factors of the non-contact ACL injury to develop effective prevention programs.The purpose of this study was to validate a stochastic biomechanical model for non-contact ACL injuries,which can determine the causeand-effect relationship and risk factors.Methods:A stochastic biomechanical model for noncontact ACL injuries was developed and instrumented to a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the ACL injury rate and risk factors during landing of the stop-jump task.The distributions of independent variables were determined from vivo data of 19 male and 18 female athletes.Results:The female-to-male non-contact ACL injury rate ratio was 4.91±0.25.In the simulated injured trials,there are smaller knee flexion angle,greater posterior GRF,and greater proximal tibia anterior shear force in comparison to the simulated uninjured trials.Conclusion:The estimated female-to-male non-contact ACL injury rate ratio and knee flexion angle for the injury were similar to that reported in the literature,which supports the overall validity of the model for estimating ACL loading.1st peak posterior ground reaction force and knee flexion angle are two important risk factors of non-contact ACL injury.
Correlation between High-Resolution CT and PulmonaryFunction Tests in Patients with Emphysema.

연구배경 : 폐기종의 실제적 진단은 환자들의 임상적 소견과 함께 주로 폐기능검사와 방사선학적검사등으로 이루어지며, 최근에는 고해상도 CT가 널려 이용되는 추세이다. 따라서 폐기종환자들의 고해상도 CT상 나타나는 질환의 심한 정도가 환자의 폐기능검사나 동맥혈가스검사 및 그외의 환자의 임상적 특성들과 어느 정도나 서로 상관관계를 갖는지 CT의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1994년 10월부터 1995년 10월까지 가톨릭의대부속 성모병원에서 폐기종의 임상적 증상과 증후를 보인 환자들중에 폐기능검사와 고해상도 CT등을 이용하여 폐기종으로 진단한 20예(남자 16명, 여자4명, 평균연령 62.5세)를 대상으로 하였다. 고해상도 CT(Siemens Somatom plus Vd-30)상 폐기종의 심한정도는 본 대학 방사선과 전문의에 의해 Sakai방법으로 점수를 판정하였고, 폐기능검사(Medical Graphics Cooperation 1082 Series Plethysmography)상의 여러 지표들과 환자의 연령, 성별, 선정, 체중, 흡연력, 동맥혈가스분석결과 및 CBC상 지표등과 고해상도 CT상 폐기종점수와의 유의한 상관관계를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 고해상도 CT상 폐기종점수는 폐기능검사상의 지표인 1초간 노력성 호기량(FEV1), 노력성 폐활량(FVC), 폐확산능(DLco), 폐포량에 대한 폐확산능(DLco/VA)등과 각각 의미있는 역상관관계(inverse correlation)를 보였다(각각의 상관계수 r=-0.53 p 0.05). 4) 고해상도 CT상 폐기종점수는 환자의 연령, 성별, 신장, 체중, 흡연량 및 CBC상 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트, 백혈구수등과는 의미있는 상관관계가 없었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 폐기종환자에서 고해상도 CT상 폐기종점수는 폐기능검사상의 폐기능장애정도 및 동맥혈가스분석결과와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 【Background : The diagnosis of emphysema during life is based on a combination of clinical, functional, and radiographic findings, but this combination is relatively insensitive and nonspecific. The development of rapid, high-resolution third and fourth generation CT scanners has enabled us to resolve pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities with great precision. We compared the chest HRCT findings to the pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis in pulmonary emphysema patients to test the ability of HRCT to quantify the degree of pulmonary emphysema. Methods : From october 1994 to october 1995, the study group consisted of 20 subjects in whom HRCT of the thorax and pulmonary function studies had been obtained at St. Mary's hospital. The analysis was from scans at preselected anatomic levels and incorporated both lungs. On each HRCT slice the lung parenchyma was assessed for two aspects of emphysema: severity and extent. The five levels were graded and scored separately for the left and right lung giving a total of 10 lung fields. A combination of severity and extent gave the degree of emphysema. We compared the HRCT quantitation of emphysema, pulmonary function tests, ABGA, CBC, and patients characteristics(age, sex, height, weight, smoking amounts etc.) in 20 patients. Results : 1) There was a significant inverse correlation between HRCT scores for emphysema and percentage predicted values of DLco(r = -0.68, p】