cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rotation on Convective Overshoot

In this note we discuss some preliminary results from our 3D numerical simulations of incompressible penetrative convection in the presence of rotation. Though these simulations pertain to a particular case of a deepening mixed layer with overshoot, we believe the results to have significance in the solar scenario. In particular, we conjecture that rotation has a constraining effect on convective overshoot.
Quasi particles in the theory of the integral quantum Hall effect: (II). Renormalization of the Hall conductance or instanton angle theta

Abstract We present a new formalism for computing the renormalization group properties of non-linear sigma models in the presence of the theta term. Using a previously introduced background field formalism, we obtain expressions for the renormalized coupling and theta parameter in terms of sigma-model Noether currents. These expressions are subsequently analyzed in order to reproduce the asymptotic (i.e. perturbative) form of the renormalization group beta-function, as well as to extend these results with the implementation of instanton effects. The renormalization of the vacuum angle theta by instantons is given a precise meaning in the present analysis. The infrared divergences in the instanton vacuum are naturally resolved by the renormalization and interpreted in terms of a crossover phenomenon between the weak-coupling Goldstone singularities and the critical, topological singularities at θ = π. The application of the results to the integral quantum Hall effect (IQHE) are discussed in detail. The present analysis also provides the resolution to the question of non-compact symmetries which arose in the original formulation of the problem.
A bossa nova e a influência do blues, 1955-1964

This article considers the connections between the blues and the bossa nova, which have been little recognized in the literature on bossa nova, but was of great importance for the genre's development. Through analysis of recordings made on the Copacabana samba-jazz circuit of the 1950s and '60s, this article brings to light a blues-based practice, both in the use of a twelve-bar structure and in the use of the blues scale as a basis for bossa nova improvisation. The article also explains the importance of key figures like Booker Pittman, Moacir Santos and Paulo Moura in the transmission of blues influence in Rio de Janeiro, and the effects of this influence on the subsequent development of bossa nova.
Developmental regulation of the orphan receptor COUP-TF II gene in spinal motor neurons

Members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily are involved in the control of cell identity and of pattern formation during embryonic development. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors (COUP-TFs) can act as regulators of various steroid/thyroid hormone receptor pathways. To begin to study the role of COUP-TFs during embryogenesis, we cloned a chicken COUP-TF (cCOUP-TF II) which is highly homologous to human COUP-TF II. Northern analysis revealed high levels of cCOUP-TF II transcripts during organogenesis. Nuclear extracts from whole embryos and from embryonic spinal cords were used in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These assays showed that COUP-TF protein is present in these tissues and is capable of binding to a COUP element (a direct repeat of AGGTCA with one base pair spacing). Analysis of cCOUP-TF expression by in situ hybridization revealed high levels of cCOUP-TF II mRNA in the developing spinal motor neurons. Since the ventral properties of the spinal cord, including the development of motor neurons, is in part established by inductive signals from the notochord, we transplanted an additional notochord next to the dorsal region of the neural tube in order to induce ectopic motor neurons. We observed that an ectopic notochord induced cCOUP-TF II gene expression in the dorsal spinal cord in a region coextensive with ectopic domains of SC1 and Islet-1, two previously identified motor neuron markers. Collectively, our studies raise the possibility that cCOUP-TF II is involved in motor neuron development.
Ventilation in Namib Desert Tenebrionid Beetles: Mass Scaling and Evidence of a Novel Quantized Flutter-Phase

The mass scaling of discontinuous ventilation (DV) phenomena in adult motionless insects is currently unknown. I present DV phenomena from 10 species of Namib Desert tenebrionid beetles; four from the dune-sea habitat, five from the river-bed habitat and one from the gravel plain habitat, which is characterized by very low and patchy resource availability. This species differed from the others in many respects. However, all species exhibited a previously undescribed, convective and quantized F phase ventilation (ISP, or intermittent serial pulsation, phase). For dune-sea and river-bed habitat species, all DV characteristics except DV frequency (V phase CO 2 emission volume and rate, total and per-burst ISP phase CO 2 emission volume, and total rate) scaled tightly with body mass with a scaling exponent close to 1.0 (typical r 2 >0.95-0.98), as did overall rate of CO 2 production and hence metabolic rate (MR). Consequently these parameters were independent of body mass when expressed on a mass-specific basis, explaining the independence of body mass and DV frequency. These findings are compatible with published DV data in other species and orders of insects, suggesting that these scaling phenomena may be widespread. The gravel plain species ( Epiphysa arenicola ) had an MR of 38%, V phase CO 2 volume of 41% and V phase CO 2 emission rate of 23% of those predicted on the basis of its body mass, and it emitted a greater proportion of CO 2 during its ISP phase (47% vs 24% of total CO 2 output per DV cycle in the other species). It is suggested that these discrepancies are respiratory and ventilatory adaptations to scarce and patchy energy and water availability.
Circuitless electron beam amplifier (CEBA)

A theoretical analysis is presented for a novel high power microwave/millimeter wave amplifier (herein called CEBA) that requires no radio frequency (RF) circuit structure. The electron beam is treated as an active dielectric serving the dual purpose of slow-wave circuit and amplification source. Amplification is obtained when beam-wave synchronism is met. The attractive features of low voltage, low magnetic field, wide frequency band-width, and low cost make the CEBA attractive for use as a lightweight inexpensive millimeter (mm) wave amplifier for air-borne and tactical applications.
Language Variation and Linguistic Description in 16th-Century France

SUMMARYThe first French grammarians to consider the French language condemned variation — historical variation, geographical variation, and socio-linguistic variation. For the French language to be first among vernacular languages, it had to have fixity, to be governed by absolute rules. How can one determine if a lexical item, pronunciation feature, or morphological feature should be accepted? Some would study the best authors, but the list of such authors is a matter of debate. Others would define the 'true French' geographically, but they tend to choose their own regions. Ultimately, the choice depends on a sense of 'usage' which is in harmony with the 'naive puissance' of the language, the pursuit of which may ultimately lead to a reunification of word and object, a unity lost at the Tower of Babel. The grammarians' attacks on variation serve biblical as well as political destiny.RESUMELes premiers grammairiens francais a considerer la langue francaise condamnerent toute variation — variation diachronique, variation geographique, variation sociolinguistique. Pour elever le francais au premier rang des vernaculaires, il fallait le soumettre aux regles absolues. Mais comment determiner si un mot, une prononciation, une forme est acceptable? Certains cherchent les meilleurs auteurs pour trouver la reponse; d'autres preferent une definition geographique — mais ceux-ci ont toujours tendance a choisir leur propre region. L"usage' est l'ultime arbitre, surtout quand l'usage s'aligne avec la 'naive puissance' de la langue? Par l'unification de l'usage et la naive puissance, aura-t-on retabli l'unite du mot avec l'objet, perdue depuis la Tour de Babel? Les attaques des grammariens contre la variation promettent de realiser la prophetie biblique aussi bien que le destin politique.
The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education

The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education is a committee sponsored by the American Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, and the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. It was organized in 1932 and is a direct outgrowth of a survey committee created by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy five years earlier. In 1927, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy appointed a committee to make a comprehensive survey of pharmacy for the purpose of obtaining information which might be used as the basis for establishing standards for colleges of pharmacy. This committee was designated the Pharmaceutical Survey Committee. In 1928, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy was tendered and accepted an invitation to join the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy in the furtherance of this survey project. Owing, however, to the difficulties experienced in raising the funds necessary to carry on the contemplated work, the project was abandoned and, in 1932, there was organized a new committee consisting of three representatives from each, the American Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and one representative from the American Council on Education. The new committee was given the title of the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, and a constitution and by-laws providing for its organization and the conduct of its business were drafted and approved by the constituent organizations. The Council held its first meeting in Toronto, Canada, on August 26, 1932. Since then, it has held one or more meetings each year. Its activities up to the present time have been confined largely to the work incident to the drafting of standards to be used in the accreditment of colleges of pharmacy. The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education, as the foregoing historical statement makes clear, was established for the purpose of setting up an accrediting agency in pharmaceutical education comparable to similar bodies now functioning in medicine, law, dentistry, and other professional fields. It is believed that the Council can, and will, exercise a constructive influence in raising the standards of pharmaceutical education as the desire to meet the requirements for accreditment will stimulate the colleges to improve their teaching facilities and to adhere more rigidly than heretofore to sound educational procedures. It is also believed that the work of the Council will be of great benefit to the examining boards as it will make available to them an authoritative list of the colleges of pharmacy of this country which conform to acceptable educational standard's. …
Lanthanide(III) 2-naphthoxide complexes stabilized by interligand non-covalent interactions

Lithium–lanthanide-2-naphthoxide complexes are found to have solvent dependent solution structures and related monomeric/dimeric solid state structures. The incorporation of tetramethylguanidium cations into lanthanide 2-naphthoxide complexes stabilizes a complex structure both in solution and the solid state through bridging hydrogen bonds between the 2-naphthoxide ligands.
Verbal discrimination learning as a function of associative strength between the word-pair members

Derivations from associative generalization experiments and the frequency theory of verbal discrimination learning were tested in four experiments. Exps. I and IV used the usual simultaneous verbal discrimination procedure, Exp. II used a successive discrimination procedure, and Exp. III used a differential discrimination procedure. Exps. I-III were conducted with college S s and Exp. IV was conducted with fourth-grade children. In all four experiments discriminations were required between pairs of words of high, intermediate or zero free-association strength, and in all cases the difficulty of the discrimination was positively related to association strength although the overall difficulty of learning was related to the type of discrimination task employed. The results were interpreted as supporting the frequency theory of verbal discrimination learning.
Trends in outcomes, complications, and hospitalization costs for hemispherectomy in the United States for the years 2000-2009

Summary Objective Hemispherectomy is an established surgical treatment for carefully selected pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy. Published perioperative data report low mortality rates and seizure reduction rates of 50–89%. This study investigates trends in the demographics, hospital utilization, and in-hospital complication rates of patients undergoing hemispherectomy over the past decade in the United States, using the nationally representative Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). Methods The KID was queried for all discharges with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure code for hemispherectomy in the years 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. The patient cohorts from these four time points were compared, analyzing differences in demographic data, insurance and payer status, total cost, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and complications. National estimates and 95% confidence intervals are reported given the weighted sample design of KID. Results This study identified an estimated total of 552 hospital admissions for hemispherectomy surgery during the years studied in this cohort. The incidence of this procedure increased from 1.2/100,000 admissions in 2000 to 2.2/100,000 in 2009 (p = 0.05). Mean age was 6.7 years (range 0–20). There were no significant changes in demographics (age, gender, or race), hospital descriptors (size or type), insurance type, or zip code income quartile. There was a significant increase in total cost, from $42,807 in 2003 to $57,443 in 2009 (p = 0.015) (adjusted to 2009 dollars). There were no trends in postoperative complications. In-hospital mortality occurred in five subjects (0.9%). Ventricular shunt placement during hemispherectomy hospitalizations increased over time from 6.7% to 16.5% (p = 0.056). Hospitals that performed two or more hemispherectomies yearly had a significantly decreased incidence of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.08, p = 0.04) and an increased incidence of blood transfusion (OR 3.7, p = 0.01) compared to hospitals that performed 0–1 procedures a year. Significance Hemispherectomy procedures increased slightly in frequency over the past decade, with no change in demographic characteristics of the patients over time. Rates of mortality and perioperative complications remained low. Total costs have increased significantly over time. In-hospital mortality was lower in higher volume hospitals.
Model selection for a class of stochastic processes or random fields with bounded range

Methods are developed for finding an optimal model for a non-Gaussian stationary stochastic process or homogeneous random field under limited information. The available information consists of: (i) one or more finite length samples of the process or field; and (ii) knowledge that the process or field takes values in a bounded interval of the real line whose ends may or may not be known. The methods are developed and applied to the special case of non-Gaussian processes or fields belonging to the class of beta translation processes. Beta translation processes provide a flexible model for representing physical phenomena taking values in a bounded range, and are therefore useful for many applications. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the utility of beta translation processes and the proposed methods for model selection.
Heart rate complexity in response to upright tilt in persons with Down syndrome

People with Down syndrome (DS) show altered autonomic response to sympatho-excitation. Cardiac autonomic modulation may be examined with heart rate (HR) complexity which is associated uniquely with cardiovascular risk. This study examined whether the response of HR complexity to passive upright tilt differs between persons with and without DS and whether potential between-group differences in this response are accounted for by differences in body mass index (BMI). The electrocardiogram of 16 persons with DS (8 women, 8 men) and 16 persons without DS (8 women, 8 men) was recorded during 10 min of supine rest and 10 min of upright tilt. For each participant, 550 continuous, steady state, and ectopy-free R–R intervals under each condition were analyzed. Dependent variables were approximate entropy, correlation dimension, StatAv, and the mean R–R interval. In response to tilt, changes in approximate entropy and correlation dimension were reduced in participants with DS (p < 0.05). These differences were explained by higher BMI in participants with DS. StatAv increased in persons with DS (p < 0.05) and stayed the same in those without DS even when controlling for BMI. The response of R–R interval did not differ between groups. None of the variables differed between groups at rest. Therefore, people with DS show smaller decrease in HR complexity in response to upright tilt than people without DS partially due to their higher BMI. Resting HR complexity does not differ between persons with and without DS. These results may have implications for cardiovascular risk in people with DS.
Toward an index of well-being for the fifty U.S. states

Well-being is a construct spanning multiple disciplines including psychology, economics, health, and public policy. In many ways, well-being is a nexus of inter-correlated variables, much like the g nexus. Here, we created an index of well-being for the geographical and political subdivisions of the United States (i.e., states). The measure resulted from hierarchical principal components analyses of state-level data on various hypothesized sub-domains of well-being, including general mental ability, education, economics, religiosity, health, and crime. A single, general component of well-being emerged, explaining between 52 and 85% of the variance in the sub-domains. General mental ability loaded substantially on global state well-being (.83). The relationship between global well-being and other important state-level outcomes was examined next. We conclude by offering parallels between the g nexus and the well-being nexus.
Network Autocorrelation Regression With Binary and Ordinal Dependent Variables Galton's Problem

Dow and Eff recently reported high levels of network autocorrelation for over eleven hundred and fifty variables coded for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS) with respect to five distinct measures of network proximity: distance, language, cultural complexity, religion, and ecological niche. Most of the variables were discrete, either binary or ordinal, as are the vast majority of variables in all cross-cultural samples. A large percentage showed significant levels of autocorrelation with respect to two or more networks simultaneously. One implication of these findings is that there is a need in comparative research for statistical models that can deal with binary and ordinal dependent variables while simultaneously controlling for one or more autocorrelation process. The current paper suggests one such regression modeling procedure and applies it in a reanalyses of the causes of polygyny. Both spatial autocorrelation by itself, and spatial and language autocorrelation in combination, were found to be significant predictors of polygyny.
Motivation for Reading and Middle School Students' Performance on Standardized Testing in Reading.

This study examined middle school students' reading motivation and its relations to their performance on a standardized test (ISTEP+) in reading. Participants included 388 sixth- and eighth-grade students from two public middle schools. There were 229 females and 159 males. Participants responded to the Reading Motivation Questionnaire after they had completed the ISTEP+ test. Results showed that students who had high self-efficacy in their reading, read challenging material, and read for aesthetic enjoyment did better on the ISTEP+ test. Students who read mostly for social reasons did poorly on the ISTEP+ test. Grade, gender, and racial differences were found.
The effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on serum thyrotropin levels in the rat

The effects of acute treatment with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were determined in the rat. Intraperitoneal doses of delta 9-THC greater than 3 mg/kg reduced serum TSH levels to less than 10% of control. The ED50 for delta 9-THC was approximately 0.3 mg/kg. After a 10 mg/kg dose of delta 9-THC, the maximum decrease in serum TSH occurred at one hour. Both serum T3 and serum T4 levels were decreased by a single 10 mg/kg delta 9-THC injection with maximal decreases at 6 hr post-injection. The effects of delta 9-THC on the ability of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) to increase serum TSH and T3 were determined. TRH produced a 10-fold increase in serum TSH levels and this increase was unaffected by delta 9-THC pretreatment. Serum T3 levels were slightly increased by TRH and this increase was also unaffected by delta 9-THC. These findings indicate that acute treatment with delta 9-THC results in a decrease in circulating TSH, T3 and T4 levels but has no effect on the pituitary or thyroid response to exogenous TRH.
Emission rates of organics from vegetation in California's Central Valley

Rates of emission of speciated hydrocarbons have been determined for more than 30 of the most dominant (based on acreage) agricultural and natural plant types found in California's Central Valley. These measurements employed flow-through Teflon chambers, sample collection on solid adsorbent and thermal desorption gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis to identify more than 40 individual organic compounds. In addition to isoprene and the monoterpenes, we observed sesquiterpenes, alcohols, acetates, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, alkanes, alkenes and aromatics as emissions from these plant species. Mean emission rates for total monoterpenes ranged from none detected in the case of beans, grapes, rice and wheat, to as high as 12–30 μg h−1 g−1 for pistachio and tomato (normalized to dry leaf and total biomass, respectively). Other agricultural species exhibiting substantial rates of emission of monoterpenes included carrot, cotton, lemon, orange and walnut. All of the plant species studied showed total assigned compound emission rates in the range between 0.1 and 36 νg h−1 g−1.
Collective and interpretive openings: perforated Gbe ritual ceramics at local, regional and Diasporic spheres of interpretation

Archaeologists use hand-built, low-fired, earthenware ceramics to build analogies connecting Africa to diasporic locales. Yet, the degree of specificity with which the individualising technologies, formal characteristics and decoration of excavated diasporic ceramics relate to particular African cultural groups, regions or sites is a matter of debate. This paper uses one class of perforated ceramics recovered from sites in coastal Benin, West Africa, to explore the local and regional scales at which this class of ceramics holds cultural saliency in religious life. In so doing, it argues that archaeologists of Atlantic Africa must more thoroughly address regional trends in materiality and, in turn, proceed cautiously when using material culture to make point-to-point analogies that span the Atlantic.
Continental shelf wave scattering by a semi-infinite coastline

Abstract In seeking to determine how the energy in a continental shelf wave that has travelled across the Great Australian Bight can reach the east Australian coast, the reflection/ transmission process at the southern tip of Tasmania is modelled by using a doublesided continental shelf of exponential/constant depth profile on which the coastline is semi-infinite. The Wiener-Hopf technique provides a suitable method for solution but the factorization is non-trivial because |k | enters to ensure exponential decay in the ocean and the newly required “ridge” modes are determined by a more complicated transcendental equation than that for the shelf wave modes. The number of modes is usually the same on the shelf or ridge but in the latter case, the longest mode has such a large wavelength that it essentially represents a “swell”, with dissipation into the ocean. Practically all the reflected and transmitted energy is contained in the modes having the longer wavelength with preference towards those correspondi...
Normoglycemic Diabetic Nephropathy: The Role of Insulin Resistance

The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is complex and incompletely understood. Whereas hyperglycemia is clearly important, the role of insulin resistance (IR) is increasingly recognized. We present the case of a normotensive non-smoking obese woman with nephrotic syndrome who was found to have DN by biopsy. All measures of glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance testing, were repeatedly normal with little exception. IR was documented, however, based on the presence of the metabolic syndrome and an elevated homeostasis model assessment of IR. We posit that this IR is central to the pathogenesis of our patient's lesion, and this may explain other cases of DN with normoglycemia. The literature supporting this concept is discussed.
A miniature planar magnetron glow discharge source for analysis of submicroliter volume aqueous samples using atomic emission spectroscopy

Abstract A miniature planar magnetron glow discharge source with a chamber volume of 60 ml has been designed and evaluated for the analysis of less than 1 μl of aqueous samples by atomic emission spectroscopy. Limits of detection for magnesium, silver, boron, europium and copper in the presence of a magnetic field are observed to be 3 to 40 times lower than for the source without a magnetic field when the measurements are made under the compromised discharge conditions for each type of source. Emission intensity in the presence of the magnetic field is found to increase as a square function of the discharge current. The improved detection limits for the magnetically enhanced glow discharge source are attributed to the increased current density of the discharge in the presence of the magnetic field which formed a plasma ring localized above the cathode surface. An RSD in the range 15–25% is observed for these measurements.
Robust Ability of IFN-γ to Upregulate Class II MHC Antigen Expression in Tumor Bearing Rat Brains

T cells are attractive for delivering therapy to brain tumor, especially disseminated micro-tumor. However, to trigger effector function, tumor antigen must be re-presented to T cells, via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, at the tumor site. In normal brain, MHC+ antigen-presenting cells (APC) are rare, but abundant after gamma interferon (IFN-γ) injection. Here we studied tumor-bearing brains. IFN-γ (or buffer) was injected stereotactically into brains with established tumors from a panel of immunologically varied glioma cell lines, some expressing b-galactosidase as a micro-tumor marker. Four days later, cryostat sections were stained for tumor and MHC proteins. In phosphate-buffered saline-injected controls, class II MHC+ potential APC (microglia, macrophages) were seen only at (some) tumor sites. In rats that received IFN-γ, class II+ potential APC were widespread, including all actual and potential micro-tumor sites and all tumor-free areas. In the same slides, neither class I nor class II MHC antigen was detected in neural cells or most tumor cells. This MHC pattern favors indirect re-presentation of tumor antigen, by tumor-adjacent APC. The robust response to IFN-γ might also be exploited in other ways: activated microglia and macrophages can attack tumor directly, and class II+ APC may help mark micro-tumor sites.
Severe mental illness and HIV-related medical and neuropsychiatric sequelae.

Abstract Medical and neuropsychiatrie sequelae of HIV infection present a spectrum of diagnostic and treatment challenges to mental health clinicians. Both HIV and the many opportunistic infections that manifest in patients due to their immunocompromised state also can affect the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, mental health clinicians need to be familiar with the diagnosis and management of HIV-related medical and psychiatric complications. This article provides an overview of the CNS-related manifestations resulting from HIV disease, including HIV-related dementia, psychotic disorders, delirium, CNS opportunistic infections and tumors, systemic abnormalities, psychoactive substances, and the adverse effects of certain medical treatments. Treatment strategies for individuals with HIV disease and comorbid severe mental illness are outlined and recommendations for future research are offered.
Directed graph for adaptive organization and learning of a knowledge base

A directed graph is considered for organization of a knowledge base for neural, associative, model-based, and other advanced processors. Its ability to self-organize itself, delete old information, and add new information and its many interconnections make it most suitable for optical realization and use in advanced neural and adaptive optical processors. An alphanumeric image space example is used as a case study, and an optical processor architecture to achieve this with impressive performance is discussed.
Structural studies on α-GAL and α-NAGAL : The atomic basis of Fabry and Schindler diseases

Until 2002, no representative structures existed for the glycoside hydrolase family 27 and clan D, which include the enzymes α-galactosidase (α-GAL, E.C. 3.2.1.22) and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGAL, E.C. 3.2.1.49). Since then, four structures have been determined: α-NAGAL from chicken and α-GAL from rice, human, and Trichoderma reesei. This manuscript addresses the structure and function of the family 27 glycoside hydrolases, including the mechanism and substrate specificity. In humans, mutations in the α-GAL and α-NAGAL enzymes lead to the lysosomal storage disorders Fabry disease and Schindler disease, respectively, which are characterized by the incomplete degradation of carbohydrates with terminal α-galactose and α-N-acetylgalactosamine, respectively. The hundreds of mutations identified in Fabry and Schindler disease patients will be addressed in the light of the structures, revealing the atomic basis for the diseases.
Use of 13C−1H NMR Coupling Constants To Assess the Binding of Imidazole Ring Ligands to Metals

In this report we initiate analysis of imidazole rings bound to metals using one−bond 1H-13C couplings. Shift trends in the metal binding of N-donor heterocyclic ligands have been difficult to interpret since signals of close-in nuclei, particularly the carbon in the CN2 grouping of imidazole rings, often have erratic or small shift changes. We exploit the well-studied trans influence of a series of unidentate axial R and X ligands in cobaloxime complexes (LCo(DH)2(R or X)) since shifts of carbons remote from Co have interpretable trends that correlate with Co−N bond lengths. We compare information obtained from 1JCH values for two series, one with L = a small ligand, N-methylimidazole (N-MeImd), and one with L = a large ligand, 1,5,6-trimethylbenzimidazole (Me3Bzm). For comparison to our spectroscopic measurements, we have determined X-ray crystal structures for N-MeImdCo(DH)2(R or X) (where DH = monoanion of dimethylglyoxime, R or X = CH2CH3 (1), CH3 (2), CH2CN (3), and Cl (4)) doubling the number of st...
E-beam assisted fabrication of a subwavelength aluminum mesh

Using e-beam lithography on a single layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) we designed a relatively thick subwavelength aluminum mesh on top of sapphire. The 100 nm thick mesh consisted of two perpendicularly oriented sets of 100 nm wide parallel metal lines with a center to center distance as low as 260 nm. Due to the large proximity effect during e-beam exposure and the small spacing between metallic lines the use of an adhesion promoting layer appeared necessary to avoid premature peeling of the photoresist. Using a monoatomic layer of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as an adhesion promoter between the sapphire and the PMMA, a 500 nm thick photoresist layer could be exposed and developed with excellent control over the features sizes. Line spacing distances from 500 nm down to 160 nm were achieved. An oxide plasma etch was found to be necessary for metal adhesion during the lift-off process. Due to the small spacing between the aluminum lines, use of a bi-layer photoresist technique to achieve undercut was not possible. Thermal evaporation of aluminum was performed and e-beam evaporation didn't help smoothing the metal surface. An additional ultrasonic bath in acetone was found necessary to ease the lift-off process.
Distribution of stress and strain along the porcine aorta and coronary arterial tree.

The existence of a homeostatic state of stresses and strains has been axiomatic in the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of circumferential stress...
Astypalaea Linea: A Large-Scale Strike-Slip Fault on Europa

Abstract Astypalaea Linea is an 810-km strike-slip fault, located near the south pole of Europa. In length, it rivals the San Andreas Fault in California, and it is the largest strike-slip fault yet known on Europa. The fault was discovered using Voyager 2 images, based upon the presence of familiar strike-slip features including linearity, pull-aparts, and possible braids, and upon the offset of multiple piercing points. Fault displacement is 42 km, right-lateral, in the southern and central parts and probably throughout. Pull-aparts present along the fault trace probably are gaps in the lithosphere bounded by vertical cracks, and which opened due to fault motion and filled with material from below. Crosscutting relationships suggest the fault to be of intermediate relative age. The fault may have initiated as a crack due to tension from combined diurnal tides and nonsynchronous rotation, according to the tectonic model of R. Greenberg et al. (1998a, Icarus 135 , 64–78). Under the influence of varying diurnal tides, strike-slip offset may have occurred through a process called “walking,” which depends upon an inelastic lithospheric response to displacement. Alternatively, fault displacement may have been driven by currents in the theorized Europan ocean, which may have created simple shear structures such as braids. The discovery of Astypalaea Linea extends the geographical range of lateral motion on Europa. Such motion requires the presence of a decoupling zone of ductile ice or liquid water, a sufficiently rigid lithosphere, and a mechanism to consume surface area.
Effects of inter-element spacing on mutual coupling and resonant properties in reflectarray unit cell design

Effects of inter-element spacing on reflectarray unit cell design are studied in this paper. Reflectarray unit cells were commonly analyzed using a waveguide approach which assumed a fixed separation between identical elements in an infinite array. However, in practice, a reflectarray element can be surrounded by non-identical elements with variable distances. It is shown in this paper that the resonant frequency and reflection phase of the reflectarray element noticeably change with respect to different element spacing. A reflectarray unit cell is designed at 2.056 GHz. By changing the distance between the reflectarray elements from 0.33 to 0.68 λ 0 in E plane and 0.33 to 0.78 λ 0 in H plane, the resonant frequency is increased from 1.99 to 2.07 GHz (representing a 4% change) and the reflection phase is shifted by 200°. To prove the concept, two 3 × 3 subarrays with different inter-element spacing are fabricated. The measurement results closely agree with simulated responses. The knowledge gained in this work can make the design of reflectarray antenna more accurate.
Crown incident radiant heat flux measurements in an industrial, regenerative, gas-fired, flat-glass furnace

Abstract Crown incident radiant heat flux measurements performed during both firing and non-firing cycles are reported, for the first time, in the combustion space of a regenerative, side-port, 455 metric ton/day, gas-fired, flat-glass furnace. Measurements were acquired through six crown access holes along the furnace axial centerline. Video and visual observations of the glass surface were also made through access ports in the furnace. A three-dimensional numerical model of the turbulent mixing, reaction, and heat transfer processes is also used to predict radiant heat flux to the crown. The measured crown incident radiant heat flux profile during firing cycles rises from 425 kW/m 2 close to the batch feeder to a peak of 710 kW/m 2 near the center of the combustion space, followed by a drop to approximately 575 kW/m 2 near the furnace working end. Numerical model results are in relatively good agreement with measured results. During non-firing reversal cycles, measured flux levels at the crown rise from 320 kW/m 2 near the batch feeder, to a maximum of 565 kW/m 2 closest to the spring zone. Increases in crown incident radiant heat flux due to combustion are quantified, with nominal increases of 105 kW/m 2 in regions closest to the batch feeder and approximately 155 kW/m 2 in the center of the combustion space. Lower increases from combustion (85 and 12 kW/m 2 ) are exhibited in locations closest to the furnace working end. During the 20–25 s non-firing reversal period, the incident heat flux to the crown typically decreased between 20 and 50 kW/m 2 at each measured location. Variation of heat flux to the crown during 15-min firing cycles is typically 3–6% of the total incident heat flux, with a maximum typically occurring one-third of the way into the cycle (5–6 min) and declining during the remaining two-thirds of the period.
Development of GaN photocathodes for UV detectors

Abstract We have made substantial progress in the development of GaN photocathodes, including crystalline and polycrystalline GaN and InGaN coatings grown by chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. GaN and InGaN photocathodes have been developed with efficiencies up to 70% and cutoffs at ∼380 nm with low out of band response, and high stability and longevity. Samples have been processed and tested at ultra high vacuum to establish cathode process parameters, and some have been integrated into sealed tubes for long-term evaluation.
A Contemporary Reappropriation of Baconian Common Sense Realism in Renewal Hermeneutics

Part one of the following essay will present a brief explication of the Baconian common sense method. The second part will examine the early Pentecostal's Bible Reading Method as characterized by Kenneth J. Archer. It will be noted that early Pentecostals wedded common sense realism to the Baconian scientific method in the Baconian common sense method. Part three will examine various weaknesses and implications of Archer's representation regarding early Pentecostals and their use of the Bible Reading Method. In part four I will propose my own hermeneutic of Scripture in dialogue with Francis Bacon, Thomas Kuhn, Bernard Lonergan, and Vern Poythress in order to construct a modern, Spirit-inspired, scientifically informed hermeneutic for appropriation by the Renewal movement. I will contend that the Renewal movement should adopt such a hermeneutic in order to be taken seriously in today's (somewhat) scientifically literate culture.
Effect of the Herpes Simplex Virus Genome on the Response of Infection to Corticosteroids

The type and severity of ocular herpetic disease, as well as the pattern of recurrence, have been shown to be determined by the virus genome. We infected rabbit eyes with two closely related recombinant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 and treated one half of the eyes in each group with corticosteroids before or immediately after virus inoculation. The severity of disease in the first week was similar in the treated and untreated eyes infected with the F(MP)F strain; however, with F(MP)E infection, the disease in the treated eyes was significantly worse than the disease in the untreated eyes. Cultures of corneal virus showed similar titers in all of the groups, but cultures of trigeminal ganglia indicated that increased severity of disease did not result in an increased tendency toward ganglionic colonization. The results suggest that the response to corticosteroids is another factor that is determined by the genetics of the infecting virus, but that there is no correlation between worsening of disease with corticosteroid treatment and the establishment of virus latency.
Outcome of patients with human immunodeficiency virus on maintenance hemodialysis.

Outcome of patients with human immunodeficiency virus on maintenance hemodialysis. Fifty-one adults with HIV infection, including 20 chronic hemodialysis patients with superimposed HIV infection and 31 patients with HIV-associated nephropathy requiring chronic maintenance hemodialysis were followed to evaluate survival on outpatient dialysis in relation to the clinical stage of the HIV infection. Regardless of when they contracted the infection, AIDS patients who required maintenance hemodialysis had a poor prognosis. All 17 patients who developed AIDS died after a mean of 93 ± 32 days on hemodialysis (median 30 days; range 2 to 540 days). On the other hand, 12 asymptomatic HIV carriers were alive after a mean follow-up on chronic hemodialysis of 488 ± 75 days (median 420 days; range 142 to 850 days); and five hemodialyzed patients with ARC were alive after 564 ± 191 days (median 420 days; range 150 to 1230 days). The data confirm the lack of effectiveness of maintenance hemodialysis for prolonging life in patients with AIDS. This dismal prognosis was evident whether renal failure antedated HIV infection or whether it was HIV-associated. In asymptomatic HIV carriers and in patients with ARC, however, maintenance hemodialysis provides meaningful, long-term life support.
An improved boundary layer estimate for a singularly perturbed initial value problem

for 0_<t< T where 0 <k 1 <k. Thus y(t, 5) converges uniformly to u(t) as e ~ 0 + while, generally speaking, y'(t, e) converges nonuniformly to u'(t) near t=0 . This nonuniform behavior is described by the boundary layer term lyl-u ' (0) l exp [ k 1 te -a] which arises from the fact that, in general, Yl +u'(0). Our principal contribution in this paper is that we give a sharper estimate for the largest allowable length of the "boundary layer jump" lYl-u'(0)l than previous ones. This estimate is easily found in terms of the partial derivatives
Anharmonicity of the nuclear matter ground state and the RHA

Abstract The correlation between the compression modulus and the skewness coefficient of the nuclear matter ground state implied by the breathing mode data is compared with predictions of the relativistic Hartree approximation (RHA). Retaining explicit dependence on the renormalization scale μ, employed in the RHA, this correlation, together with other considerations, suggests a value for μ/M ⋍ 1.2 .
Brain Sensitivity to Alcohol in Inbred Mouse Strains

The voluntary selection of aqueous ethanol in preference to water has been studied in a number of animal species. A pharmacological phenomenon observed in all species, including humans, is depression of the central nervous system which eventually leads to "sleep." The sleeping time at a given concentration of alcohol in the brain depends on strain sensitivity.
Adsorption and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of p-nitrobenzyl esters of monohydroxy fatty acids

Abstract To enhance the UV detectability of hydroxy fatty acids, p-nitrobenzyl (PNB) esters of twenty-two different monohydroxy fatty acids of various chain-lengths (C16C22) and differing positional isomers were formed using O-(p-nitrobenzyl)-N,N-(diisopropyl)-isourea (PNBDI) as alkylating agent. Reversed-phase and adsorption high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the twenty-two monohydroxy fatty acid PNB esters were studied. The PNB group did not dominate the chromatographic properties of monohydroxy fatty acids and it did not interfere with the HPLC separation of positional isomers. PNBDI was, however, found to be less than ideal for formation of PNB derivatives of monohydroxy fatty acids because UV absorbing contaminants of PNBDI interfered with the HPLC analyses.
MEAN-SQUARE APPROXIMATION BY GENERALIZED RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Abstract : The problem of numerical analysis to which this study is directed is that of determining an optimum approximation (in the least squares sense) to a given function f by a function of the form p/q, where p and q are confined to certain prescribed linear spaces. The analogous approximation problem employing the uniform norm has received much recent attention. To our knowledge no investigation of the present problem has appeared.
Differentiating High-Functioning Autism and Social Phobia

Both high-functioning autism (HFA) and social phobia (SP) involve profound social interaction deficits. Although these disorders share some similar symptoms, they are conceptualized as distinct. Because both HFA and SP are defined behaviorally, the degree of overlap between the two disorders may result in misinterpretation of symptoms. However, the deficits in each disorder differ, particularly in areas of social interaction, emotion recognition and expression, and communication. This paper reviews the literature that informs our current understanding of the behavioral overlaps and differences in HFA and SP. The review also addresses the implications of our current knowledge of these two disorders for differential diagnosis, treatment, and future research. Interdisciplinary, developmentally-oriented research may help extend current approaches to HFA and SP.
Reduction of incubation time for tempeh fermentation by use of pregerminated inoculum

Spores ofRhizopus oligosporus, pregerminated 8–12 h on cooked white rice, were used to inoculate cooked soybeans, reducing the incubation time of the tempeh fermentation by up to 4 h.A potato extract-yeast extract-glucose broth containing germinated spores as inoculum for tempeh reduced incubation time by 4–5 h. Reduction of up to 17% of the tempeh fermentation time using spores pregerminated in a solid substrate may be of considerable economic value to soyfoods manufacturers.