cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Representing “Neighborhood”: Growth Coalitions, Newspaper Reporting, and Gentrification in St. Louis

Newspaper reporters are important actors in promoting gentrification. This study of St. Louis examines their use of a prominent representation of neighborhood in this process: dying neighborhoods in need of middle-class technical salvationists. We examine its use to help drive two processes to promoting gentrification: legitimating restructuring at actual or anticipated sites and isolating “revitalization-contaminating” communities. We discover this neighborhood representation is applied primarily to legitimate restructuring at specific sites. Revitalization-threatening neighborhoods, represented differently, indicates this representation is task specific in this city's “gentrification project.”
Antibacterial action of extracellular mammalian group IIA phospholipase A2 against grossly clumped Staphylococcus aureus

Fibrinogen-dependent interactions of Staphylococcus aureus are believed to contribute to bacterial virulence by promoting bacterial attachment to fibrinogen-coated surfaces and inducing the formation of bacterial clumps that are likely resistant to phagocytosis. Although S. aureus produces several fibrinogen-binding proteins, the cell wall-associated protein clumping factor (encoded by clfA) appears to be most important in bacterial interactions with immobilized or soluble purified fibrinogen. We have compared bacterial clumping in several strains of S. aureus, including isogenic ClfA+ and ClfA− Newman strains, in the presence of purified rabbit fibrinogen, human plasma, and inflammatory fluid and examined the effect of clumping on bacterial sensitivity to mammalian group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2). This enzyme is the major extracellular bactericidal agent in inflammatory fluid active against S. aureus. Both ClfA-dependent and ClfA-independent bacterial clumping was observed, depending on the source and fibrinogen content of the biological fluid. In each case, clumping only partially reduced the antibacterial activity of PLA2, suggesting that this extracellular enzyme can substantially penetrate dense bacterial clumps. Bacterial clumps could be dispersed by added proteases, restoring full antibacterial activity to PLA2. Thus, the extracellular mobilization of group IIA PLA2 during inflammation may provide a mechanism by which the host can control the proliferation and survival of S. aureus even after bacterial clumping.
Identification of Macrophage Extracellular Trap-Like Structures in Mammary Gland Adipose Tissue: A Preliminary Study

PAD4-mediated hypercitrullination of histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3) has been previously found to promote the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in inflamed tissues and the resulting histone H4 citrulline 3 (H4Cit3) modification is thought to play a key role in extracellular trap (ET) formation by promoting chromatin decondensation. In addition to neutrophils, macrophages have also recently been found to generate functional extracellular traps (METs). However, a role for PADs in ET formation in macrophages has not been previously described. Transcripts for PAD2 and PAD4 are found in mature macrophages and these cells can be induced to citrullinate proteins, thus raising the possibility that PADs may play a direct role in ET formation in macrophages via histone hypercitrullination. In breast and visceral white adipose tissue from obese patients, infiltrating macrophages are often seen to surround dead adipocytes forming characteristic “crown-like structures” (CLS) and the presence of these lesions is associated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators. In light of these observations, we have initiated studies to test whether PADs are expressed in CLS macrophages and whether these macrophages might form METs. Our preliminary findings show that PAD2 (and to a lesser extent, PAD4) is expressed in both in the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in CLS lesions. Additionally, we provide evidence that macrophage-derived extracellular histones are seen around presumptive macrophages within CLS lesions and that these histones contain the H4Cit3 modification. These initial findings support our hypothesis that obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation promotes the formation of METs within CLS lesions via PAD-mediated histone hypercitrullination. Subsequent studies are underway to further validate these findings and to investigate the role in PAD-mediated MET formation in CLS function in the mammary gland.
Modeling two-phase flow in PEM fuel cell channels

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous flow of liquid water and gaseous reactants in mini-channels of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Envisaging the mini-channels as structured and ordered porous media, we develop a continuum model of two-phase channel flow based on two-phase Darcy’s law and the M 2 formalism, which allow estimate of the parameters key to fuel cell operation such as overall pressure drop and liquid saturation profiles along the axial flow direction. Analytical solutions of liquid water saturation and species concentrations along the channel are derived to explore the dependences of these physical variables vital to cell performance on operating parameters such as flow stoichiometric ratio and relative humility. The two-phase channel model is further implemented for three-dimensional numerical simulations of two-phase, multi-component transport in a single fuel-cell channel. Three issues critical to optimizing channel design and mitigating channel flooding in PEM fuel cells are fully discussed: liquid water buildup towards the fuel cell outlet, saturation spike in the vicinity of flow cross-sectional heterogeneity, and two-phase pressure drop. Both the two-phase model and analytical solutions presented in this paper may be applicable to more general two-phase flow phenomena through mini- and micro-channels. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Specific Activities of Dolastatin 10 and Peptide Derivatives against Cryptococcus neoformans

The biosynthetic peptide dolastatin 10 is currently in phase I and II cancer clinical trials. We evaluated the antifungal spectrum of dolastatin 10 and four structural modifications. In broth macrodilution assays, the peptides were fungicidal for American Type Culture Collection strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) of Cryptococcus neoformans but no other yeasts or filamentous fungi examined. Specificity for C. neoformans was also demonstrated in the solid-phase disk diffusion assay, and fungicidal activity was confirmed in time-kill experiments. For a methyl ester modification, the MICs at which 50 and 90% of 19 clinical isolates were inhibited (MIC50 and MIC90, respectively) were 0.195 and 0.39 mg/ml, respectively. The MFC50 (50% minimum fungicidal concentration) for this peptide was 0.39 mg/ml, and the MFC90 was 0.78 mg/ ml. MICs and MFCs were identical or lower in the presence of human serum but increased with lowered pH. These peptides should be pursued as potential chemotherapeutics for C. neoformans, a leading cause of infection and mortality in immunocompromised patients.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: review of clinical features

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is a bilateral, chronic, diffuse granulomatous panuveitis associated with poliosis, vitiligo, and central nervous system and auditory signs. Increasing reports have been published to describe the clinical features of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. These manifestations are variable. This article presents a review of the clinical features.
Effects of hypohydration on thermoregulation during exercise before and after 5-day aerobic training in a warm environment in young men

We examined whether enhanced cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during exercise after short-term aerobic training in a warm environment were reversed when plasma volume (PV) expansion wa...
The Archaeological Occurrence of Bison on the Snake River Plain

This article documents the archaeological occurrence of bison (Bison bison) on the Snake River Plain. Evidence from thirty-two Paleoindian and Archaic sites suggests that use of bison occurred on the western and eastern Plain. Sites reflect a variety of local environments and activities. The presence of bison, though relatively common in Late Archaic contexts, does not suggest that bison were depended upon as a major resource. Contrary to Butler's (1978) assertion that bison use decreased during the Late Archaic period, it appears that bison hunting was relatively more common in the later prehistory of the Plain.
The increase of reactive oxygen species and their inhibition in an isolated guinea pig spinal cord compression model.

Study design: In vitro studies using isolated guinea pig spinal cord. Objectives: To develop an alternative model using isolated guinea pig spinal cord, which can be used to screen antioxidants for in vivo SCI treatment. Setting: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Methods The compression injury was induced by a constant-displacement of 5-s compression of spinal cord using a modified forceps possessing a spacer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using three distinct methods: fluorescence microscopy, lipid peroxidation assay, and flow cytometry. Results: The injury-mediated ROS increases are comparable with other in vivo studies and consistent with our previous observation using a similar injury model and measured with electrophysiological and anatomical technique. Further, ascorbic acid, hypothermia, or the combination of both significantly suppressed superoxide and lipid peroxidation. The combination treatment was the most effective when compared with ascorbic acid or hypothermia alone. Conclusion: This in vitro model has the advantage of replicating some of the in vivo conditions while gaining the ability to control the experimental conditions. This in vitro model is suitable to study the mechanisms of ROS generation and degradation and can also be used to critically evaluate the effective suppressor of ROS in the contents of spinal cord traumatic injury.
In vivo actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on brain myelination: studies of IGF-I and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) transgenic mice

To study the effects and mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on brain myelination in vivo, the morphology of myelinated axons and the expression of myelin specific protein genes have been examined in transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress IGF-I and that those ectopically express IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), a protein that inhibits IGF-I actions when present in molar excess. Our data show that the percentage of myelinated axons and the thickness of myelin sheaths are significantly increased in IGF-I Tg and decreased in the IGFBP-1 mice. Cerebral cortical proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNAs consistently exhibit approximately 200% increases in IGF-I Tg mice and approximately 50% decreases in IGFBP-1 Tg mice. The percentage of oligodendrocytes labeled with a PLP cRNA probe in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex also is increased in IGF-I Tg mice and reduced in IGFBP-1 Tg mice, suggesting that IGF-I promotes oligodendrocyte survival and/or proliferation. The alterations in the number of oligodendrocytes, however, can not completely account for the changes in myelin gene expression. These results strongly indicate that IGF-I increases myelination by increasing the number of myelinated axons and the thickness of myelin sheaths, the latter by mechanisms that involve stimulation of the expression of myelin protein genes and increase of oligodendrocyte number.
Purification and concentration of paulownia hot water wood extracts with nanofiltration

Abstract To remove fermentation-inhibiting compounds and increase sugar concentrations of paulownia wood extracts, the extracts were passed through a set of nanofiltration membrane. During the process, the changes of the concentrations in both retentate and permeate flows were determined. For individual components, a simplistic model based on mass balance was established for the process. The results show that most of the fermentation inhibitants, such as furfural, hydroxymethylfufural, free acetic acid, formic acid and methanol are removed while most of the desirable components, i.e. sugars, are preserved. Nanofiltration is found to be an efficient way to purify and concentrate wood extracts.
Isotone Projection Cones

In [3] the authors prove that an isotone projection cone in a real Hubert space is latticial and correct, and that in the finite dimensional case the converse is true. Their methods are somewhat complicated and depend on a number of auxiliary concepts. In this note we show that with a slight modification of the definition of correctness the converse is true without the restriction to finite dimensionality. At the same time we give more transparent proofs of their necessity results.
Assistive Technology, Technology Transfer and Ergonomics

Assistive technology for people with disabilities is an industry characterized by small companies and small markets. There are significant opportunities for professionals in human factors to contribute to the design and development of the user interfaces for assistive technology products. Technology transfer is a process for applying known technologies to new applications. The term is widely recognized but the process is not well understood. Technology transfer's economic advantage is in applying existing technology to avoid the full cost of new research and development. The cost savings of successful technology transfer, offers significant value for small companies and for products with small markets. This paper presents information to facilitate links between the fields of assistive technology, technology transfer and ergonomic design. Participants will and gain essential contact information for the field of assistive technology, and acquire a reference model of technology transfer.
Illness, Identity, and Survivorship: Modern and Postmodern Breast Cancer Narratives

Illness challenges identity. Sense of time and routine, relationships, and body undergo significant change. This article analyzes twenty intensive interviews with women who have had breast cancer, to assess how they responded to these challenges and changes. The main theme is survival, which seems to drive behaviors and decisions throughout the illness process. The particular means of communicating the desire to survive, and the specific ways with which identity is dealt, vary among women, however. Some tell stories of their illness in a modernist medical model; others, tell it in a postmodern voice. Additionally, some exhibit both modern and postmodern styles. Medical views, illness management, and gendered body image are central themes in the narratives and provide the framework for the article's organization. This article shows how modern and postmodern theory is applied to everyday illness experience and illustrates the implications of particular illness responses.
Reduction of the Electronic Density of States of CePb3at High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures

The specific heat of CePb3 has been measured for temperatures between .4 and 2 kelvin in magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 20 tesla. At zero magnetic field, we observe an antiferromagnetic transition at lower temperatures. For magnetic fields greater than 10 tesla, we observe a large reduction in the low temperature limit of C/T, which is suppressed from 1.5 J/mole-K2 in a 18.7 tesla magnetic field.
Cutback Management during the Great Recession: The Case of Transit Agencies and Contracting Out

The following study looks at both qualitative and quantitative data collected from surveys of transit agency managers during and after the Great Recession to see if managers report changes in service provision arrangements in response to fiscal pressure. We investigate whether contracting out services is used as a method of cutback management. We find that the majority of agencies are unable to respond to current economic situation by changing service arrangements because of various and sometimes costly constraints such as state law, the level of competition in the bidding process, and length of contracts.
Development of a Community Gardening Program in Rural, Appalachian Ohio for Adults with Diabetes

This was an 8-week educational community gardening intervention for produce-related lifestyle and behavioral changes for individuals with or at risk for diabetes and living in a rural Appalachian county. It consisted of 3 educational components—gardening, nutrition, and culinary. Each weekly session included a “Walk & Talk,” a one-mile walk with a discussion of the nutrition and gardening topics for the week, followed by development of gardening skills (ie, plant identification, composting, organic practices) at the garden plot. Resources (eg, recipes, produce cards) were provided to further knowledge of produce utilization.
Enterprise-level Application Modes of VoWLAN and Its Solutions

Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) means providing VoIP services over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The technical advantage of VoWLAN solution is the combined merits of VoIP and mobile phone, that is, the cheap and powerful functions of VoIP and the mobility of mobile phone. There are two kinds of solutions: carrier's enterprise VoWLAN solution and enterprise's VoWLAN solution. VoWLAN brings all carriers the new chance and challenge, and it is an important application for getting advance in the next round of competition. It brings enterprises the convenience of low cost communication means. VoWLAN lets telecom vendors enter the carrier market and enterprise communication market at the same time, and it is also a good application for comprehensive service provider.
Brand Authenticity: Testing the Antecedents and Outcomes of Brand Management's Passion for its Products

While customer orientation is accepted as a core marketing principle, this research suggests that an opposing orientation—product orientation—may offer an advantage. Managers who follow a product orientation focus on products that interest and inspire them rather than on products that fulfill consumers’ desires. This research suggests that a consumer's perception that managers follow a product orientation is consistent with prior conceptualizations of brand authenticity. That research suggests that brands perceived as authentic are evaluated more positively, yet that research does not empirically assess brand authenticity's effects nor suggest its antecedents. To fill this gap, the authors develop a conceptualization and model of brand authenticity grounded in self-determination theory, attribution theory, and extant authentic human brand research. Brand authenticity is defined as the extent to which consumers perceive that a brand's managers are intrinsically motivated in that they are passionate about and devoted to providing their products. The model proposes four antecedents of brand authenticity—two related to rare brand behaviors (uniqueness and scarcity), and two related to stable brand behaviors (longevity and longitudinal consistency). It also proposes two perceptual outcomes of brand authenticity—expected quality and trust. Two 2 × 2 experiments (n = 136 for Study 1; n = 155 for Study 2) demonstrate a positive impact of the antecedents on brand authenticity and of brand authenticity on the outcomes. Brand authenticity mediates these effects.
Development of Aramid Fiber III Reinforcement and Its Composite Products

Manufacturing process,mechanical properties and surface properties of homemade Fanglun Ⅲ fiber are introduced.Using Fanglun Ⅲ fiber and epoxy resin system,the properties of NOL ring,unidirectional laminate and fiber wound composite vessel were studied.The results show that the performance of Fanglun Ⅲ fiber wound composite vessel is comparable with that in advanced countries.Fanglun Ⅲ fiber composite will be largely applied in aerospace industry relying on its uniquely special properties,and the fiber composite developed is of the highest level among homemade products for engineering application in China at present.
Behavioral Finance and Mean Reversion: Evidence from a New Specification Test

The present paper proposes a new test that is particularly powerful against the type of alternative proposed by the recent behavioral models. When the test is applied to the data, there is evidence supporting the behavioral models in that (1) prices of stocks with more uncertainty and slower information diffusion tend to have both short-run continuation and long-run reversal; (2) the three-factor model cannot explain all observed autocorrelation patterns. The results are not likely due to data mining, because similar patterns are found in different sets of portfolios, different stock markets, different sample periods, and even for using different intervals to measure autocorrelations.
Deserts and Drylands Before the Age of Desertification

This chapter analyses the deep and complex history of western thinking about deserts and desertification in the centuries before the word desertification was coined in 1927 by a French colonial forester. It shows that a relatively benign view of the drylands dominated in western thinking until the early colonial period when notions of deforestation causing desiccation began to take shape. During the period of 19th century colonialism, particularly British and French colonialism in Africa, deserts, drylands, and their degradation became a particular focus of colonial scientific research as well as practical policy formulation. It was during this period that indigenous peoples, primarily but not only nomads, were blamed most often for what later came to be called desertification. French colonial experiences, first in North Africa, and later in West Africa were especially influential in the formation of much of our contemporary mainstream understandings of desertification, and thus our management of the drylands, today. A great deal of our thinking about drylands, as well as many policies for developing them, derive from the colonial period and were carried into the contemporary mainstream in large part by several UN agencies. The chapter concludes by suggesting that desertification is a (neo)colonial concept that would benefit from careful reconsideration.
Tissue-Specific Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging

ConspectusNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescence light has been widely utilized in clinical imaging by providing surgeons highly specific images of target tissue. The “NIR window” from 650 to 900 nm is especially useful due to several special features such as minimal autofluorescence and absorption of biomolecules in tissue, as well as low light scattering. Compared with visible wavelengths, NIR fluorescence light is invisible, thus allowing highly sensitivity real-time image guidance in human surgery without changing the surgical field. The benefit of using NIR fluorescence light as a clinical imaging technology can be attributed to its molecular fluorescence as an exogenous contrast agent. Indeed, whole body preoperative imaging of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) remains important in diagnostic utility, but they lack the efficacy of innocuous and targeted NIR fluorophores to simultaneously facilitate the real-time delineation of diseased tissue while p...
The impact of healthcare visit timing on reported pertussis cough duration: Selection bias and disease pattern from reported cases in Michigan, USA, 2000–2010

Pertussis is a potentially serious respiratory illness characterized by cough of exceptionally long duration of up to approximately100 days. While macrolide antibiotics are an effective treatment, there is an ongoing debate whether they also shorten the length of cough symptoms. We investigated whether public health surveillance data for pertussis, in which cases are identified at diagnosis, are potentially affected by selection bias and the possible consequences for reported cough duration. Data on 4,794 pertussis cases reported during 2000–2010 were extracted from the Michigan Disease Surveillance System, a statewide, web-based communicable disease reporting system, to specifically investigate increased duration of cough observed in pertussis patients with delayed initial healthcare visit. A simulated population of cases was derived from the observed surveillance data and truncated week-by-week to evaluate the effects of bias associated with stratification on timing of antibiotics. Cases presenting for medical evaluation later in the clinical course were more likely to have experienced delayed antibiotic therapy and longer average cough duration. A comparable magnitude of increasing cough duration was also observed in the simulated data. By stratifying on initial medical visit, selection bias effects based on timing of healthcare visit were demonstrated. Stratifying or controlling for the timing of the initial case identification and accompanying antibiotic treatment can create artificial patterns of observed cough duration. In surveillance data, differences in symptom duration may arise from selection bias and should not be presumed to be related to early antibiotic treatment.
A Numerical Weather Model’s Ability to Predict Characteristics of Aircraft Icing Environments

AbstractRecent advances in high-performance computing have enabled higher-resolution numerical weather models with increasingly complex data assimilation and more accurate physical parameterizations. With respect to aircraft and ground icing applications, a weather model’s cloud physics scheme is responsible for the direct forecasts of the water phase and amount and is a critical ingredient to forecasting future icing conditions. In this paper, numerical model results are compared with aircraft observations taken during icing research flights, and the general characteristics of liquid water content, median volume diameter, droplet concentration, and temperature within aircraft icing environments are evaluated. The comparison reveals very promising skill by the model in predicting these characteristics consistent with observations. The application of model results to create explicit forecasts of ice accretion rates for an example case of aircraft and ground icing is shown.
Excess coenzyme A reduces skeletal muscle performance and strength in mice overexpressing human PANK2

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a cofactor that is central to energy metabolism and CoA synthesis is controlled by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (PanK). A transgenic mouse strain expressing human PANK2 was derived to determine the physiological impact of PANK overexpression and elevated CoA levels. The Tg(PANK2) mice expressed high levels of the transgene in skeletal muscle and heart; however, CoA was substantially elevated only in skeletal muscle, possibly associated with the comparatively low endogenous levels of acetyl-CoA, a potent feedback inhibitor of PANK2. Tg(PANK2) mice were smaller, had less skeletal muscle mass and displayed significantly impaired exercise tolerance and grip strength. Skeletal myofibers were characterized by centralized nuclei and aberrant mitochondria. Both the content of fully assembled complex I of the electron transport chain and ATP levels were reduced, while markers of oxidative stress were elevated in Tg(PANK2) skeletal muscle. These abnormalities were not detected in the Tg(PANK2) heart muscle, with the exception of spotty loss of cristae organization in the mitochondria. The data demonstrate that excessively high CoA may be detrimental to skeletal muscle function.
A Family of High Order Numerical Methods for Solving Nonlinear Algebraic Equations with Simple and Multiple Roots

In this paper, we present, analyze, and test a family of high order iterative methods for finding simple and multiple roots of nonlinear algebraic equations of the form $$f(x)=0$$ . The proposed method can achieve convergence of order p, where $$p\ge 2$$ is a positive integer. The standard Newton–Raphson method ( $$p=2$$ ) and the Chebyshev’s method ( $$p=3$$ ) are both special cases of this family of methods. The pth order method requires evaluation of the function and its derivative up to order $$p-1$$ at each step. Several numerical experiments are provided to validate the theoretical order of convergence for nonlinear functions with simple and multiple roots.
Are We (Americans) All International Legal Realists Now

Is American international law distinctly legal realist? The claim is often made, but underexplored. What would it mean for American international law scholarship and practice to be legal realist in its orientation? Where would such an orientation come from, and what do those origin stories mean for current international law work? Are there common realist-inspired approaches within the varied schools of American international law scholarship? Does wielding those approaches produce distinctly American views on international law doctrine, its operation, or its function? And if American international law scholarship and practice is, in these ways, somewhat distinct, what does it mean for the broader, global project of international law? This chapter takes the claim seriously and explores the ways in which American international law may in fact be tinged with legal realism. It explores how a number of intellectual trends—American jurisprudential legal realism, post-World War II international relations scholarship, utopian strands in American foreign policy thinking, and U.S.-specific foreign relations law—converged to bring a series of specific methods or attitudes to the forefront in American approaches international law. Perhaps provocatively, this chapter argues that all the major schools of American international law—New Haven, International Legal Process, Transnational Legal Process, Law and Economics, International Relations and International Law, and others—have picked up these methods, attitudes, or approaches—enough to warrant labeling all of them as essentially “legal realist.” And it explores how legal realism translates into four noticeable trends in American approaches to international law: (1) a focus on norms rather than rules, (2) a focus on process rather than doctrine, (3) a focus on institutions and power rather than substantive rules, and (4) an emphasis on pragmatism and practicality.
PET neurochemical vs. clinical phenotypes in mild-early dementia

251 Objectives Several neurodegenerations are responsible for cognitive decline and dementia. Routine clinical assessments do not accurately identify the etiology of dementia early in its course. We evaluated PET neurochemical measures of As-amyloidosis and of nigrostriatal projection integrity for classification of mild-early dementia. Methods Sixty-six patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia (MMSE ≥ 18) were identified from a Cognitive Disorders clinic. Subjects underwent neurological, neuropsychometric, and anatomic brain imaging examinations. Three experts reviewed abstracted results of these data and reached consensus clinical diagnoses: Alzheimer disease (AD); frontotemporal dementia (FTD); or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). PET imaging with [11C]PiB for amyloid deposition and [11C]DTBZ for nigrostriatal projection integrity was performed. PET classified subjects as FTD if both PiB and DTBZ were normal, as DLB if severe striatal DTBZ defects were present, or as AD if DTBZ was normal and frontal cortical PiB binding was increased. Results There was discordance of clinical and PET classifications in 26% of subjects.Three of 9 patients with nigrostriatal PET lesions were unrecognized clinically. Nine of 43 PiB-positive patients were missed clinically, and 3 of 14 FTD patients were clinically classified as AD. Conclusions There are frequent differences in the phenotypic classification of dementia by clinical criteria in comparison to PET. Neurochemical imaging could contribute significantly to the safety and appropriateness of treatment in mild-early dementia.
Human Needs, Morality and the Law

The difficulties arising in our democratic society when fundamental human needs encounter restrictive legislation cannot be explained simply. A prior comprehension of theory, including a study of the elements and forces involved, is necessary. Human practices in most matters follow from an appeal to principles which is modified by the exigencies of existing conditions. The usual situation is that the principles are inadequate, the practices incomplete, and the conditions largely unknown. It is difficult to ascertain exactly what the source of the trouble is. Success in this undertaking is rare, but there are reasons: the investigator is himself too involved, he is too close to the scene of action: then too the situation itself is highly intricate, for the most concrete is as it happens also the most complex. In this chapter therefore, I have sought an understanding rather than a solution. A problem adequately analyzed often amounts to a problem partly solved. But can it be wholly solved? There may be inherent limitations in any social context which renders its solution difficult and perhaps impossible.
“I Gotta Go With Modern Technology, So I’m Gonna Give ’em the Narcan”: The Diffusion of Innovations and an Opioid Overdose Prevention Program:

Fatal opioid overdoses can be prevented by opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs). The present study qualitatively examined the diffusion process of an OOPP among 30 persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) in an opioid-saturated community. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants into three groups based on familiarity with the OOPP. Findings revealed that participants often adopted the OOPP, which was offered by a local harm reduction organization, if first exposed by staff hosting and implementing it. Barriers to adoption included belief that OOPP training was lengthy or unnecessary, lack of perceived relative advantage, nonengagement with the host organization, and trepidation of administering withdrawal-causing medication to fellow PWIDs. Participants outside of networks diffusing the OOPP were isolated from other PWIDs. Staff from the host organization were influential in encouraging OOPP adoption, which underscores their importance in the effort to reduce fatal overdoses.
Cold electronics readout system for protoDUNE-SP LAr-TPC

Abstract The Single Phase (SP) TPC readout electronics are referred to as the “Cold Electronics (CE)” because they will operate in LAr, to minimize channel capacitance and noise by keeping the length of the connection between the anode wires and its corresponding electronics input to an absolute minimum. In this paper, the CE system and preliminary results from the CE testing at warm and cold conditions after their installation on the protoDUNE-SP detector are presented.
Impact of Literature Circles in the Developmental College Classroom.

This article describes a mixed-methods study that examines the effects of literature circles (peer-led small group discussion of an assigned reading) on the reading achievement of college students ...
Guidelines for Providing Appropriate Services to Culturally Diverse Students with Emotional and/or Behavioral Disorders

In 1991 The Council for Children with Behavior Disorders (CCBD) etablished The Ad Hoc Committee on Ethnic and Multicultural Concerns. A Task Force was formed by this Committee in 1993 to develop a ...
Atomic resolution cryo-EM structure of a native-like CENP-A nucleosome aided by an antibody fragment.

Genomic DNA in eukaryotes is organized into chromatin through association with core histones to form nucleosomes, each distinguished by their DNA sequences and histone variants. Here, we used a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) derived from the anti-nucleosome antibody mAb PL2-6 to stabilize human CENP-A nucleosome containing a native α-satellite DNA and solved its structure by the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to 2.6 A resolution. In comparison, the corresponding cryo-EM structure of the free CENP-A nucleosome could only reach 3.4 A resolution. We find that scFv binds to a conserved acidic patch on the histone H2A-H2B dimer without perturbing the nucleosome structure. Our results provide an atomic resolution cryo-EM structure of a nucleosome and insight into the structure and function of the CENP-A nucleosome. The scFv approach is applicable to the structural determination of other native-like nucleosomes with distinct DNA sequences. CENP-A histone variants replace histones H3 at centromeres. Here the authors use a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) to stabilize human CENP-A nucleosome containing a native α-satellite DNA and solved its structure by cryo-EM to 2.6 A resolution, providing insight into the structure and function of the CENP-A nucleosome.
Longer Duration of Milrinone Associated with Higher Risk for Right Ventricular Failure Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Stage D Heart Failure Patients

Background Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is used for the management of end stage heart failure (HF) patients, either as a palliative treatment or as a bridge to advanced HF therapies. Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has become a mainstay of advanced HF therapies, due to the limited number of available hearts for transplant. Unfortunately, up to 20% to 40% of device implantations are complicated by right ventricular failure (RVF), which results in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether the duration on milrinone infusion is an independent risk factor for RVF following LVAD implantation. Methods This was a retrospectively review of medical records. We included all adult with ACC/AHA stage D HF patients who underwent LVAD implantation at our institution between January, 2010 and December, 2018. Patients were divided into two groups, those on short term ( 30 days) milrinone infusion. The primary endpoint for this study was the incidence of severe RVF (need for RV assist device or inotropic support for more than 14 days after LVAD) within 30 days post LVAD implantation. Results Total of 104 patients underwent LVAD implantation. Short term (STM) group had 55 pts and long term (LTM) had 49 patients. There were no significant differences between STM and LTM patients at baseline demographic, echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data. Following LVAD implantation, 5 (9.1%) patients in the STM group versus 9 (18.4%) in the LTM group needed RVAD support, and, 9 (16.4%) patients versus 22 (44.9%) needed inotropic support for more than 14 days (Figure 1). Overall, 45 (43.3%) patients developed RVF. LTM patients had a higher incidence of RVF; OR= 5.04 (95% CI 2.18 - 11.68), P=0.0002. After adjusting for age, gender, baseline RV function, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus, the OR was 6.33 (95% CI 2.51 - 15.93), P Conclusion Longer duration on inotropes was associated with significantly higher incidence of early right ventricular failure following LVAD implantation.
Fromm’s Concepts of Prophetic and Catastrophic Messianism

Now it is possible to thoroughly explicate Erich Fromm’s prophetic messianism. It differs significantly from the perspectives examined in Chapter 2, especially the catastrophic or apocalyptic messianism of Gershom Scholem and even from the optimistic Marxist messianism of Ernst Bloch, with Bloch’s stress on “rupture” and the future as absolute Novum
The effect of Epidural Analgeisa With Ropivacaine Plus Sufentanil on the Fetal Position Duing Labor

Objective To investigate the effect of epidural analgesia with ropivacaine plus sufentanil on the fetal position during labor.Methods Women were eligible for enrollment if they were ASA Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ,nulliparous and undergoing a spontaneous labor at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation ) with a live,singleton fetus in the occiput anterior position.400 women in active labor (cervical dilatation =3 cm) who requested labor analgesia were in epidural analgesia group (group B).Other 400 women who did not receive labor analgesia were in the control group (group C).Women in group B received a test dose of 5 ml of 0.1％ ropivacaine with 0.8 μ g/ml-1 sufentainl.When correct placement of epidural catheter was confirmed after 5 mins another 5 ml was given.30 mins after the first dose was given,the epidural cather was connected to the patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) pump.The PCEA solution contained 0.1％ ropivacaine and sufentanil 0.3 μ g/ml-1.The PCEA pump was set up with a bolus of 6 ml and lockout interval of 15 mins.The following were recorded:① the fetal position before and after delivery; ② pain intensity was assessed using VAS (0-10); ③ mode of delivery; ④ labor process; ⑤ the amount of oxytocin.Results No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of fetal head malposition and caesarean section in group C and in goup B (14.75 ％ VS 11.75％,15.50％ VS 14.75％,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Epidural analgesia with ropivacaine plus sufentanil did not increase the incidence of fetal head malposition. Key words: Ropivacaine; Sufentanil; Epidural analgesia; Fetal position; Labor
Preconception Health: An Overview

Preconception health recognizes that the health and well-being of a woman is foundational to her life course as well as to that of any children she may have. Growing evidence is expanding this understanding to include the role that men’s health plays in birth outcomes as well. For many people, becoming a parent is an important life goal. Preconception health science and programs create an important opportunity for couples to maximize the likelihood that they can realize this dream and that their child will be healthy. Seen as an intergenerational benefit, the content of preconception health is comprehensive, the messaging can be difficult, and some of the needed interventions are complex. However, opportunities with a potential two-generation benefit deserve attention from health-care providers, public health advocates, community leaders, funders, researchers, families, and local and national governments and policy-makers.
A Chandra Survey of the Nearest Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei or Superstarbursts?

We present initial results from a Chandra survey of a complete sample of the eight nearest (z ≤ 0.04) ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs) and also include the IR-luminous galaxy NGC 6240 for comparison. In this paper we use the hard X-rays (2-8 keV) to search for the possible presence of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). In every case, a hard X-ray source is detected in the nuclear region. If we divide the sample according to the optical/IR spectroscopic classification (starburst vs. AGN), we find that the five "starburst" ULIRGs have hard X-ray luminosities about an order of magnitude smaller than the three "AGN" ULIRGs. NGC 6240 has an anomalously high hard X-ray luminosity compared to the starburst ULIRGs. The Fe-Kα line is convincingly detected in only two ULIRGs. The weakness of the Fe-K emission in these ULIRGs generally suggests that the hard X-ray spectrum is not dominated by reflection from high-NH neutral material. The hard X-ray continuum flux ranges from a few × 10-3 to a few × 10-5 of the far-IR flux, similar to values in pure starbursts and several orders of magnitude smaller than in Compton-thin AGNs. The upper limits on the ratio of the Fe-Kα-to-far-IR flux are below the values measured in Compton-thick type 2 Seyfert galaxies. While very large column densities of molecular gas are observed in the nuclei of these galaxies, we find no evidence that the observed X-ray sources are obscured by Compton-thick material. Thus, our new hard X-ray data do not provide direct evidence that powerful "buried quasars" dominate the overall energetics of most ULIRGs.
Molecular Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are two extensively studied membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that are frequently overexpressed in many cancers. As a result, these receptor families constitute attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic applications in the detection and treatment of cancer. This review explores the dynamic structure and structure-function relationships of these two growth factor receptors and their significance as it relates to theranostics of cancer, followed by some of the common inhibition modalities frequently employed to target EGFR and VEGFR, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibodies, nanobodies, and peptides. A summary of the recent advances in molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging (OI), and in particular, near-IR fluorescence imaging using tetrapyrrolic-based fluorophores, concludes this review.
Dark tone quality and vocal tract shaping in soprano song production: Insights from real-time MRI.

Tone quality termed “dark” is an aesthetically important property of Western classical voice performance and has been associated with lowered formant frequencies, lowered larynx, and widened pharynx. The present study uses real-time magnetic resonance imaging with synchronous audio recordings to investigate dark tone quality in four professionally trained sopranos with enhanced ecological validity and a relatively complete view of the vocal tract. Findings differ from traditional accounts, indicating that labial narrowing may be the primary driver of dark tone quality across performers, while many other aspects of vocal tract shaping are shown to differ significantly in a performer-specific way.
Numerical analysis of CdS/PbSe room temperature mid-infrared heterojunction photovoltaic detectors

Numerical analysis of a CdS/PbSe room-temperature heterojunction photovoltaic detector is discussed as to provide guidelines for practical improvement, based on the previous experimental exploration [1]. In our experiment work, the polycrystalline CdS film was prepared in hydro-chemical method on top of the single crystalline PbSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy method. The preliminary results demonstrated a 5.48×108 Jones peak detectivity at λ=4.7μm under zero-bias. However, the influence of some material and device parameters such as carrier concentration, interface recombination velocity remains uncertain. These parameters affect the built-in electric field and the carriers’ transportation properties, and consequently could have detrimental effect on the device performance of the CdS/PbSe detector. In this work, therefore, the numerical analysis is performed based on these parameters. The simulation results suggest that the device performance can be improved at least 4 times by increasing CdS concentration for two orders of magnitudes, and the device performance will degrade severely if the interface recombination speed is over 104 cm/s.
Characterisations of Totally Unimodular, Balanced and Perfect Matrices

We consider combinatorial programming problems of the form (IP): max{cx|Ax≤e, xj=0 or 1, ∀j, where A is a mxn matrix of zeroes and ones, e is a column vector of m ones and c is an arbitrary (non-negative) vector of n reals. This class of problems is known as the set packing problem, see e.g. (1). It is closely related to the set partitioning problem (SPP) and to the set covering problem. In the former case, the inequality constraints Ax≤e of (IP) are replaced by equality constraints Ax=e, whereas in the latter case one requires the constraints to hold with reversed inequality, i.e. Ax≥e. With respect to the set partitioning problem (SPP), it can be shown, that by appropriately modifying the objective function, the problem (SPP) can always be transformed into the form (IP) above. This is, however, not true in general if the set covering problem is considered. It is true, however, if the matrix A has at most two +1 entries per row, i.e. if the set covering problem assumes the special form of a node-covering problem in a (finite undirected) graph. As has been noted in (2), some of the structural properties of set partitioning and set packing problems do not carry over to the (general) set covering problem.