cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solving simultaneous route guidance and traffic signal optimization problem using space-phase-time hypernetwork

This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous route guidance and traffic signal optimization problem (RGTSO) where each vehicle in a traffic network is guided on a path and the traffic signals servicing these vehicles are set to minimize their travel times. The network is modeled as a space-phase-time (SPT) hyper-network to explicitly represent the traffic signal control phases and time-dependent vehicle paths. A Lagrangian-relaxation-based optimization framework is proposed to decouple the RGTSO problem into two subproblems: the Route Guidance (RG) problem for multiple vehicles with given origins and destinations and the Traffic Signal Optimization (TSO) problem. In the RG subproblem, the route of each vehicle is provided subject to time-dependent link capacities imposed by the solution of the TSO problem, while the traffic signal timings are optimized according to the respective link travel demands aggregated from the vehicle trajectories. The dual prices of the RG subproblem indicate search directions for optimization of the traffic signal phase sequences and durations in the TSO subproblem. Both RG and TSO subproblems can be solved using a computationally efficient finite-horizon dynamic programming framework, enhanced by parallel computing techniques. Two numerical experiments demonstrated that the system optimum of the RGTSO problem can be quickly reached with relatively small duality gap for medium-size urban networks.
ReSC: RFID-Enabled Supply Chain Management and Traceability for Network Devices

The supply chains of today are much more complex, global, and difficult to manage than ever before. Disappearance/theft of authentic goods and appearance of counterfeit cloned, forged, etc. goods are two major challenges to address. As a result, owners, manufacturers, distributors, etc. are becoming more interested in approaches that facilitate greater visibility and enable traceability of products as they move through the supply chain. One promising approach is based on Radio-Frequency Identification RFID where each product is equipped with a unique RFID tag that can be read in a contactless fashion to track the movement of products. However, existing RFID tags are simply "wireless barcodes" that are susceptible to split attacks i.e., separating tag from product, swapping tags, etc. and can easily be stolen or cloned. In this paper, we propose an RFID-enabled Supply Chain ReSC solution specific to network devices i.e., routers, modems, set-top boxes, video game consoles, home security devices, etc. that addresses the security and management issues of their entire supply chain. By combining two techniques: one-to-one mapping between tag identity and control chip identity, and unique tag trace which records tag history information, ReSC is resistant to counterfeit injection, product theft, and illegal network service e.g., Internet, TV signals, online games, etc. access. Simulations and experimental results based on a printed circuit board PCB prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of ReSC.
A closer look at pacritinib: a JAK2/ FLT3 inhibitor for the treatment of myelofibrosis

Introduction: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a chronic myeloid neoplasm that bears a significant symptom burden, impacts on quality of life and carries a risk of transformation to acute leukemia. Advances in MF therapy by inhibition of Janus kinase type 2 (JAK2) receptor have shown clinical improvements in spleen size and symptom burden, but are often limited by hematological side effects.Areas covered: Treatment for patients with MF who are not suitable candidates for allogeneic stem cell transplant is limited and, historically, palliative in intent. The approval of ruxolitinib, a JAK2 inhibitor, has enabled clinical improvement in these individuals. In this paper, treatments for MF are briefly reviewed, including historically palliative therapies and the clinical data leading to ruxolitinib approval. This JAK2 therapy is limited by cytopenias, either due to the disease process or a medication side effect. Finally, the preclinical and clinical data of pacritinib use in MF and other hematologic conditions are eval...
Rearing methods for obtaining house crickets acheta domesticus of known age sex and instar

The only major requirement in our method is a small room in which all the crickets are housed at a temperature of 30.5°C. The diet is a finely ground, modified chick starter mash. Water is provided via inverted plastic vials in gravel-filled petri dishes. Collected eggs hatch in 13 days and hatchlings are reared in glass aquaria for the 1st 3 or 4 instars. The remaining instar s are kept in modified rat cages. Last instar females are picked each day from the appropriate agegroup of crickets and kept separately in reusable onegal cylindrical cartons. These methods are easily adapted to obtain crickets of known age of either sex in the last 2 instars or the adult stage. Cumulative aging is also possible by simply noting the days from hatch for a group of crickets. Freely available standing water is superior to cloggable wicks. Moderate water deprivation, overcrowding, or slight temperature changes may drastically affect the life cycle duration and physiological parameters of the house cricket. Our procedure for cricket rearing emphasizes ease of maintenance and consistency of results.
Assessing Kinase Activity in Plants with In-Gel Kinase Assays

The in-gel protein kinase assay is a powerful method to measure the protein phosphorylation activity of specific protein kinases. Any protein substrate can be embedded in polyacrylamide gels where they can be phosphorylated by protein kinases that are separated in the gel under denaturing conditions and then renatured. The kinase activity can be visualized in situ in the gels by autoradiography. This method has been used to compare the activities of protein kinases in parallel samples or to identify their potential substrates. Here, we describe in detail an in-gel kinase assay to measure the activity of some protein kinases in plants.
Perceptions of cancer treatment decision making among American Indians/Alaska Natives and their physicians.

Objective American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients are significantly less likely than non-Hispanic whites to receive guideline-concordant cancer care. Our objective was to examine cancer treatment decision making among AI/AN patients and their providers. Methods From 2011 to 2014, AI/AN cancer patients and their surgeons were identified through a hospital registry in Washington State. Patients were invited to participate in a mailed survey that queried socio-demographics, cultural affiliation, everyday perceived discrimination, and trust in providers. Both patients and surgeons were queried about decision-making quality (collaboration and satisfaction). The primary outcome was association between patient and provider assessments of decision-making quality. The secondary outcome was non-adherence to treatment. Results Forty-nine patients (62% response rate) and 14 surgeons (37% response rate) returned surveys. Half of patients had not completed high school; 41% were living in poverty. Half of patients reported a strong tribal affiliation and most reported experiencing some form of discrimination. Patients endorsed high trust in surgeons and a high quality decision-making process; and surgeons' rated decision-making quality even more highly than patients did in every domain. Non-adherence to treatment recommendations was common (26%) and was significantly associated with lower patient-reported collaboration and satisfaction with decision making. Conclusions Given the importance of adherence to cancer treatment for survival, the many non-clinical reasons for non-adherence, and the currently demonstrated association between decision-making quality and adherence, it would be worthwhile to investigate how to increase AI/AN patient satisfaction with decision making and whether improving satisfaction yields improved adherence to the cancer treatment plan. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Arachidonic Acid-Regulated Ca2+ Channel

Publisher Summary The arachidonic acid-regulated Ca 2+ (ARC) channel is a highly Ca 2+ -selective conductance that is distinct from the store-operated conductances such as the Ca 2+ release-activated Ca 2+ channel. Intracellular Ca 2+ stores are only transiently and/or partially depleted, raising the question of whether a sufficient “capacitative signal” to activate the store-operated entry of Ca 2+ would be generated under these conditions. The demonstration that ARC channels represent a Ca 2+ entry pathway that is spatially distinct from those activated by store depletion immediately raises the potential for the specific activation of different targets within the cell. As this novel Ca 2+ entry pathway begins to receive more attention from researchers, a more complete picture of its distribution and specific roles is revealed. The demonstration that these channels provide the primary route for the receptor-activated entry of Ca 2+ at physiologically relevant levels of stimulation in various cells is of paramount significance. New insights into the molecular nature of agonist-activated Ca 2+ -selective channels and their regulation will prove to be a major impetus to studies into the properties, regulation, and functions of these channels that play such important roles in cellular Ca 2+ signaling.
Living up to its politics

The future trajectory of studies of alternative and/or community media can hardly be predicted. Noting just a handful of unforeseen developments over the past 15 years – such as the emergence of smartphone cameras, of social media, of new immersive forms of narrative and interaction, plus new fields and contexts of contestation – should make that abundantly clear. But reflexive attention to this/these field(s) of study is no less pressing and important. Indeed, scholars and activists need to be aware of how they have developed and how they are currently conducted, if only to be sure that the field(s) remain(s) critically connected to its/their practice instead of hermetically sealed from it. [...]
What Do Pediatric Residents Gain From an Experience in Juvenile Justice? A Qualitative Analysis of Community-Based Learning.

Abstract Background Training in advocacy and community pediatrics often involves the use of community site visits. However, data on the specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes gained from these experiences are limited. In this study we used qualitative analysis of written narratives to explore the response of residents to a juvenile justice experience. Methods Pediatric residents participated in a week-long experience in the juvenile probation department and completed a written narrative. Narratives were analyzed using grounded theory to explore the effects of this experience on residents' views of youth in the juvenile justice system. Results Analysis of 29 narratives revealed 13 themes relating to 5 core concepts: social determinants of behavior, role of professionals and institutions, achieving future potential, resolving discrepancies, and distancing. A conceptual model was developed to explore the interactions of these concepts in the resident view of youth in the juvenile justice system. Of the themes only 3 (23%) were related to content explicitly covered in the assigned reading materials. Conclusions Several important concepts emerged as elements of this experience, many of which were not covered in the explicit curriculum. Variability in attitudinal response to the experience raised important questions about the influence of the ideological framework of the learner and the hidden curriculum on the learning that occurs in community settings. We propose a theoretical model that delineates the factors that influence learning in community settings to guide educators in planning these types of experiences.
The relative safety of paternal, maternal, and traditional foster care placements.

Abstract When children are placed into foster care the caseworker must give preference to an adult relative, many of whom are grandparents, over an unrelated caregiver. This kinship preference is based in evolutionary biology, which suggests that the imperative to care for a child should be greater for kin versus non-kin. However, not all kin are related to a child in the same way, and level of paternity uncertainty may influence level of care provided. For instance, maternal grandparents can be assured that they share genetic material with their grandchild, while paternal grandparents may not have the same level of certainty. Owing to the possibility of paternity uncertainty, we hypothesize that out-of-home placements with paternal grandparents will be at a greater risk of subsequent investigations than placements with maternal grandparents or with foster parents. We secured data on placements n = 560 of children ages 1.5 to 17 following a maltreatment investigation from a merger of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being NSCAW II and the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System NCANDS. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression were used to examine the difference in time to the first new investigation by type of out-of-home placement while controlling for covariates. Consistent with our hypothesis, placements with paternal grandparents were at a higher risk of a subsequent investigations than placements with maternal grandparents or non-kin foster parents. Results suggest a need for further considerations of child safety in foster care based on genetic relatedness of caregivers.
Coverage of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Autoimmune Blistering Diseases Among US Insurers.

In this study, the authors examine coverage for IVIG to treat autoimmune blistering diseases by public and private insurers in the United States.
Efficacy of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication vs Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication or Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background & Aims The effects of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) have been compared with those of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or a sham procedure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but there has been no direct comparison of TIF vs LNF. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the relative efficacies of TIF vs LNF in patients with GERD. Methods We searched publication databases and conference abstracts through May 10, 2017 for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of TIF or LNF with that of a sham procedure or PPIs in patients with GERD. We performed a network meta-analysis using Bayesian methods under random-effects multiple treatment comparisons. We assessed ranking probability by surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Results Our search identified 7 trials comprising 1128 patients. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve ranking indicated TIF had highest probability of increasing patients' health-related quality of life (0.96), followed by LNF (0.66), a sham procedure (0.35), and PPIs (0.042). LNF had the highest probability of increasing percent time at pH Conclusions In a systematic review and network meta-analysis of trials of patients with GERD, we found LNF to have the greatest ability to improve physiologic parameters of GERD, including increased LES pressure and decreased percent time pH
Terence and the Familiarisation of Comedy

Let me start by quoting a paragraph from a century old edition of Terence, which will serve as a reminder of changes in our background knowledge of both comedy and this particular comic playwright: Of the six extant Terentian comedies the Andria is the most pathetic, the Adelphoe in general more true to human nature than the rest, the Eunuchus the most varied and lively, with the largest number of interesting characters, and the Hecyra the one of least merit. All six are remarkable for the art with which the plot is unfolded through the natural sequence of incidents and play of motives. Striking effects, sharp contrasts and incongruities, which meet us in many plays of Plautus, are almost wholly absent. All is smooth, consistent and moderate, without any of the extravagance of exuberant humour or even creative fancy which characterizes the writing of the older poet. But Terence was essentially an imitative artist and his distinguishing feature was his artistic finish, a fact fully recognized by Horace (Epistle 2.1.59).There is plenty here to question, if not correct. What does it mean to call Adelphoe more true to human nature? What defines an ‘interesting character’? And do present day readers still find Hecyra the play of least merit? As for the art with which Terence’s plots are unfolded, we still cannot guess how much of this is his own contribution rather than derived from Menander (whose plays were still unknown when this edition was written). However, scholars have used both the evidence given by Terence in the prologues and his commentator Donatus to identify where he has himself innovated in his plots—removing the expository prologues to replace irony with suspense, introducing a second lover and slave into Andria, working a braggart soldier and his parasite into Eunuchus and inserting an abduction scene into the second act of Adelphoe. And yet it was Terence’s immediate predecessor Caecilius whom Varro, most learned of ancient critics, praised for his superior plots. Certainly Terence does not indulge in the extravagance of Plautus, but is this because he is ‘essentially an imitative artist’? On the other hand I would not challenge the editor’s evaluation of his scripts as ‘smooth, consistent and moderate’ or his praise for the playwright’s ‘artistic finish’. Instead I would ask if this is what we want, or ought to want from comedy.
Exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis after termination of chemotherapy for breast carcinoma.

Methotrexate (MTX) was originally developed as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase for use in treatment of malignancies'. More recently, low dose MTX has become the chief therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when treat- ment beyond nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) is required. In addition to its relative sustained efficacy and low risklbenefit ratio, its rapid effectiveness is a major advantage. Equally rapid recurrence of disease manifesta- tions has been noted on withdrawal of MTX2. We describe 3 women with stage 2 adenocarcinoma of the breast who had exacerbation or developed new findings of
Surgical repair of a proximal patellar tendon avulsion in a dog utilizing triple patellar bone tunnels and modified tendon repair technique

A three-and-a-half-year-old neutered male Standard Schnauzer presented with a 5-week history of inability to bear full weight on the right pelvic limb following a traumatic injury to the right stifle. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasound findings were consistent with a proximal patellar tendon rupture with a distal patellar avulsion fragment. A proprietary Achilles repair jig system was used to reattach the patellar tendon to the patella, allowing for direct approximation of the tissues. The primary repair was supported with a protective patella-to-tibia suture, and the dog was fitted with an orthosis to restrict range of motion of the stifle. Primary tendon repair using alternative suture materials and suture placement, in conjunction with a protective suture loop and transient stifle immobilization, allowed for a successful outcome without appreciable lameness at a final evaluation 3.6 years after presentation. The dog in this report was successfully treated with a modified proprietary Achilles' tendon repair system using previously undescribed paired axial patellar bone tunnels in conjunction with a patello-tibial protective ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene suture. This technique allowed apposition of the tendon to the bone and a stable tenorrhaphy to the patella.
On the Need for Better Exposure Assessment for Air Pollution with High Spatial and Temporal Variation

The mainstay of air pollution health research has been fine particulate matter pollution (PM2 [...]
Science in Silence: How Educators of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Teach Science

Science learning is inextricably tied to two aspects of students’ lives: literacy and culture. While English Learners (ELs) who speak a non-English native language are typically the focus in this line of scholarly inquiry, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students occupy a distinct space in this conversation. For DHH learners, literacy levels can be hindered by an early dependence on a more survival-based language learning model that postpones basic scientific inquiry. The vocabulary for curiosity is limited, which in turn affects the educational culture. DHH learners have a unique culture that demands an appropriate science curriculum, which thus far has not been explored or attempted for either DHH learners or their educators. Data collected consisted of interviews with teachers of DHH students, as well as observational data collected from a high-minority urban K-8 school for DHH students. The analysis revealed that, first, many of the teachers had limited preparation to teach science content. Second, DHH teachers used inconsistent instructional strategies ranging from drawing pictures to building models. Third, the modifications provided to DHH science learners were mostly limited to visual support and repetition. Implications for teacher education programs include instruction focused on specific supports for DHH students and co-teaching methods, and deeper investigation of inquiry-based science practices. Implications for classroom practices include providing hands-on, inquiry-based instruction, working closely with parents, and developing students’ and teachers’ understanding of scientific inquiry.
Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of Mixed Valence Cs2SbBr6

Mixed valence perovskite materials present an opportunity to understand how structural motifs influence electronic properties in semiconducting materials. Here, we report the preparation of high-qu...
Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Dependence Among Youth and Its Association With Future Use.

Importance Understanding the prevalence and symptoms of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) dependence and its association with future e-cigarette use among youth may help to guide pediatric clinical services and health policy. Objectives To examine the cross-sectional prevalence and symptom presentation of e-cigarette dependence and to determine whether e-cigarette dependence is associated with subsequent e-cigarette use patterns 6 months later among youth with baseline past-year e-cigarette use. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study used baseline and 6-month follow-up surveys among students in the 12th grade during the 2016 to 2017 school year who reported any past-year e-cigarette use. Surveys were conducted on site in 10 high schools in Los Angeles, California. Data were analyzed from March 2019 to December 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported checklist of 10 tobacco product dependence symptoms reflecting loss of control over use, craving or urge, or withdrawal symptoms while abstinent, completed at baseline and administered separately for e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. Reporting 1 or more symptoms indicated a positive screen for dependence. Vaping continuation, defined as any past 6-month vaping, and past 30-day nicotine vaping days (range, 0-30), sessions per vaping day (range, 0-20), and puffs per session (range, 0-20) at 6-month follow-up were assessed. Results Among 3168 twelfth-grade students who completed the baseline survey, 444 youths (mean [SD] age, 17.48 [0.39] years; 217 [48.9%] female) reported past-year e-cigarette use. Among these, 52 youths (11.7%) reported at least 1 e-cigarette dependence symptom. Among youth who reported past-year dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use, combustible cigarette dependence, reported by 43 youths (29.7%), was more prevalent than e-cigarette dependence, which was reported by 24 youths (16.4%). The most common symptoms, craving, urge, and need to use, and least common symptoms, abstinence-related concentration and emotional problems, were similar in both combustible and e-cigarette dependence. The prevalence of e-cigarette dependence was higher among youth who reported vaping in the past month than among those who did not (41 youths [17.6%] vs 11 youths [5.2%];P Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that e-cigarette dependence may be an expression of tobacco use disorder associated with future use persistence and escalation among youth. Electronic cigarette dependence may be a behavioral health consequence of adolescent vaping that warrants consideration in pediatric patient care and public health policy.
40 – Power Quality

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various power quality phenomena, with particular focus on the implications on power electronic converters and equipment. The end-user's definition of power quality also centers around their ability to use the delivered energy in the desired manner, but the topics considered can be much more specific and include magnitude and duration of different events as well as waveshape concerns. Load current returning in the neutral conductor will, at the point of improper connection to ground, divide between neutral and ground. This current flow in the ground conductor will produce a voltage at the load equipment, which can easily disrupt equipment operation. While switching converters of all types produce harmonics because of the non-linear relationship between the voltage and current across the switching device, harmonics are also produced by a large variety of “conventional” equipment. Most equipment is not sensitive to the voltage fluctuations that cause flicker complaints. The change in output of incandescent lamps as viewed by human observers becomes objectionable at levels of change around 0.3%, but electronic equipment will not be affected at all.
Partial differential equations

Since the chronology of Kovalevskaya’s work with Weierstrass cannot be definitely established, the three papers she wrote during this period will be discussed in the order of their publication. Very likely the topic of the present chapter was the last of the three to be completed, since the result was so significant that it would constitute a dissertation all by itself. To appreciate the significance of this result it is necessary to understand aspects of the development of differential equations in the nineteenth century. The latter subject is vast, and the present account can sketch only part of its growth along one of its many lines of development. Nevertheless the developments which will be discussed were of central importance, being direct consequences of one major idea-regarding the solution of a differential equation as an analytic function of a complex variable.
Construction of a novel dual-inducible duet-expression system for gene (over)expression in Pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida is a widely used host for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. However, the use of P. putida has been hampered by the availability of a limited set of expression vectors for producing heterologous proteins. To widen the scope of expression vectors for gene co-expression studies, a previously established dual-inducible expression vector pRG_Duet2 developed for Corynebacterium glutamicum has been modified for use in P. putida. This expression vector, named pRGPDuo2, harbors two origins of replication, colE1 for replication in E. coli and pRO1600 for replication in P. putida. Two multiple cloning sites (MCS1 and MCS2) in pRGPDuo2 are individually controlled by inducible promoters Ptac or PtetR/tetA. Functional validation of pRGPDuo2 was confirmed by the co-expression of genes for the fluorescent proteins namely, superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP). Moreover, the strength of the fluorescence signal was dependent on the inducer concentrations present in the culture medium. The expression vector pRGPDuo2 is an attractive addition to the existing repertoire of expression plasmids for expression profiling and adds to the tools available for P. putida metabolic engineering.
Food insecurity is linked to poorer dietary quality in prebariatric surgery patients.

Abstract Background Research exploring dietary quality patterns within bariatric populations is limited, despite the significance of eating behaviors for postoperative outcomes. Recent studies revealed associations between food insecurity and disordered eating behavior in bariatric patients; however, the relationship between food insecurity and dietary quality is not known. Objective To examine the association between dietary quality and levels of food security within a sample of presurgical bariatric patients. Setting One academic medical center in central Pennsylvania, United States of America. Methods Patients completed three self-report measures as part of their presurgical psychological assessment process. Food security status was measured by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Module, modified for self-reports. Participants also completed the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants, short version, which is a measure of dietary quality with scores ranging from 13–39, and the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to assess relationships between dietary quality and food security levels, and mediation models were built to explore associations between variables. Results Of the 197 participants, 35.5% reported high food security, while 35.0% and 29.5% reported marginal food security and food insecurity, respectively. Compared with patients with high food security, the dietary quality scores of food-insecure patients were 1.3 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.3 to .7; P = .2) of and marginally food-secure patients were 1.2 points lower (95% CI, −2.9 to .5) than those reporting high food security (P = .2). Conclusions Our findings indicate a need for further exploration into the barriers that prebariatric patients may face when attempting to adhere to pre- and postoperative dietary requirements, particularly for those reporting marginal food security and food insecurity. Future research should target postoperative outcomes, including weight gain, weight regain, and dietary adherence, among the most economically vulnerable bariatric patients.
Making a family decision to donate the brain for genomic research: lessons from the genotype-tissue expression project (GTEx)

This study sheds light on the attitudes and circumstances that influence decisions by families to donate the brain of a deceased family member for research. This study, a part of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, interviewed families of patients who had authorized organ and/or tissue donation for transplantation. A total of 384 family decision makers (FDMs) who decided to donate organs and/or tissues for transplantation were also asked to donate to GTEx. Of these, 297 families were asked to donate their loved one’s whole brain and 87 families responded to a hypothetical request for brain donation. The decision to donate the brain to GTEx, actually or hypothetically, was the major outcome measure. The majority of the FDMs would choose to donate the brain, 78%. Unwillingness to donate the brain was associated with four attitudes: (1) the FDM unwillingness to donate their own tissues for research (OR 1.91, 95% CI .67 to 2.96; p = .05), (2) concern with potential for-profit use of tissues (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7; p = .008), (3) reported squeamishness about tissue donation (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7; p = .006), and (4) belief that FDMs should have a say in how the donated tissues are used (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.5; p = .01). Organ and tissue donors may present a plenteous source of brains for research. Family concerns about tissue use and collection should be addressed by requesters.
The software will see you now: The promise and peril of digital therapy

The response to the COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted discussion across a range of fields and disciplines as numerous professions embrace an online or virtual environment This paper focuses upon the provision of therapy in a digital environment specifically through the development of Mental Health Apps (mHealth) The latter are seen as a remedy to the lack of qualified therapists providing mental health services to populations who lack access to adequate and affordable mental health care Within this context, this paper draws attention to the central value of dignity Dignity lies at the heart of the therapeutic encounter and the profession more broadly I consider some of the challenges posed to dignity both philosophically and from the perspective of technologists These challenges pose an acute dilemma for therapists who find themselves providing a ‘service’ that is increasingly driven by demands for greater efficiency and a digital environment that offers therapy on demand I place the perceived ‘crisis of mental health’ in context and suggest that some form of regulation is required for digital therapy apps if trained therapists are to continue to offer a professional service while clients are protected from exploitative practices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Counselling & Psychotherapy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Human Papillomavirus in Patients With Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

ObjectiveAssess the testing rates and prognostic significance of human papilloma virus (HPV) status in hypopharynx malignancies.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.M...
The Empire of Depression: A New History: Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 224 pp., $35.00, ISBN 978-1-5095-3164-6 hardback , Publication Date: November 2020

Written for a general adult reading audience but with a synthesis of the field that scholars will find handy for undergraduate or graduate students, Jonathan Sadowsky’s The Empire of Depression is ...
The Guardians of the New Internal Revenue Code

The proliferation of electronic filing (e-filing) of income tax returns creates new problems and opportunities for the regulation of the tax return preparation industry. Now that e-filing is universal, the rules of the law are, for many taxpayers, the code of the tax software, not in the Internal Revenue Code. The natural consequences of universal e-filing are unremitting complexity in a tax code which is also used to deliver social benefits in the form of tax credits. This, combined with the political pariah status of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), makes it imperative that the IRS work with the tax return preparers to ensure that their products are safe and accurate. More importantly, the existence of such an industry creates great opportunities for the IRS to leverage its relationship with this private sector group to improve the tax return filing experience for many taxpayers. The existing voluntary relationship between the IRS and the industry is likely no longer viable, but this article provides the blueprint for government-supervised self-regulation which can solve the problems with the new code.
Capacity optimization for Rician correlated MIMO wireless channels

We develop an optimization program to calculate the ergodic capacity and the optimal input signal covariance of a Rician correlated MIMO wireless channel. The program employs the Newton method and the barrier interior-point method to solve convex stochastic formulations, using efficient gradient and Hessian calculations. We then use the program to study impacts of the channel mean, the transmit correlation, and the K factor on channel capacity and the optimal input signal, revealing curious optimal signal characteristics at high SNR, where mode-dropping can always occur for a channel with strong mean or strong correlation. We also compare the capacity with the mutual information obtained by the signaling solution optimal for the Jensen bound. Results reveal a close approximation for systems with equal or fewer transmit than receive antennas at all SNR, and for those with more transmit than receive antennas at low SNR. The approximation diverges for the latter system at high SNR, depending on the transmit correlation and the channel mean, or the Rician K factor
Buffering vs. smoothing for end-to-end QoS: fundamental issues and comparison

Smoothing traffic flows at the network edge to reduce their bur stiness has been shown to have significant benefits for videoon-demand systems and deterministic services. In this paper, we investigate the relative abilities of smoothing and bu ffering to improve a network’s admissible region for end-to-end del ay-bounded statistical services. In single multiplexer sy stems, we show that buffering outperforms smoothing for any delay bound and loss probability. We find that this behavior is due not o nly to statistical buffer sharing, but also to heterogeneity of the traffic flows’ time scales. In multi-node scenarios, key i ssues for buffering and smoothing are user QoS requirements, traffic c haracteristics, and route length. For example, we find that a s the number of hops traversed increases, the advantages of buffering diminish due to node-to-node buffer partitioning; and while smoothing is asymptotically superior, we find that in practi ce, the “critical route length” required to realize a smooth ing gain is so large that buffering results in larger admissible region s, even in many multi-node scenarios.
An Adaptively-Refined, Cartesian, Cell-Based Scheme for the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations

A Cartesian, cell-based scheme for solving the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions is developed and tested. Grids about geometrically complicated bodies are generated automatically, by recursive subdivision of a single Cartesian cell encompassing the entire flow domain. Where the resulting cells intersect bodies, polygonal 'cut' cells are created. The geometry of the cut cells is computed using polygon-clipping algorithms. The grid is stored in a binary-tree data structure which provides a natural means of obtaining cell-to-cell connectivity and of carrying out solution-adaptive refinement. The Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are solved on the resulting grids using a finite-volume formulation. The convective terms are upwinded, with a limited linear reconstruction of the primitive variables used to provide input states to an approximate Riemann solver for computing the fluxes between neighboring cells. A multi-stage time-stepping scheme is used to reach a steady-state solution. Validation of the Euler solver with benchmark numerical and exact solutions is presented. An assessment of the accuracy of the approach is made by uniform and adaptive grid refinements for a steady, transonic, exact solution to the Euler equations. The error of the approach is directly compared to a structured solver formulation. A non smooth flow is also assessed for grid convergence, comparing uniform and adaptively refined results. Several formulations of the viscous terms are assessed analytically, both for accuracy and positivity. The two best formulations are used to compute adaptively refined solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. These solutions are compared to each other, to experimental results and/or theory for a series of low and moderate Reynolds numbers flow fields. The most suitable viscous discretization is demonstrated for geometrically-complicated internal flows. For flows at high Reynolds numbers, both an altered grid-generation procedure and a different formulation of the viscous terms are shown to be necessary. A hybrid Cartesian/body-fitted grid generation approach is demonstrated. In addition, a grid-generation procedure based on body-aligned cell cutting coupled with a viscous stensil-construction procedure based on quadratic programming is presented.
Multiservice platforms for data services

The potential for broadband and data services is large and continues to expand for the foreseeable future. Consideration of the cost-effective delivery and support of both new, advanced services, as well as existing services, has led to the driver for multiservice platforms (MSPs). The cost effectiveness results from the MSP potential to share network bandwidth between services, offer a potential simplification of the operational support systems (OSS), and enable new service features and functions. A generic ATM-based MSP is described in this paper where issues of service support, service interworking, operations and maintenance, and network architecture are discussed. The paper is intended as a tutorial on the concepts.
Tyrosine-phosphorylated SOCS3 Interacts with the Nck and Crk-L Adapter Proteins and Regulates Nck Activation

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are negative feedback inhibitors of cytokine and growth factor signal transduction. Although the affect of SOCS proteins on the Jak-STAT pathway has been well characterized, their role in the regulation of other signaling modules is not well understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that SOCS3 physically interacts with the SH2/SH3-containing adapter proteins Nck and Crk-L, which are known to couple activated receptors to multiple downstream signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton. Our data show that the SOCS3/Nck and SOCS3/Crk-L interactions depend on tyrosine phosphorylation of SOCS3 Tyr221 within the conserved SOCS box motif and intact SH2 domains of Nck and Crk-L. Furthermore, SOCS3 Tyr221 forms a YXXP motif, which is a consensus binding site for the Nck and Crk-L SH2 domains. Expression of SOCS3 in NIH3T3 cells induces constitutive recruitment of a Nck-GFP fusion protein to the plasma membrane and constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous Nck. Our findings suggest that SOCS3 regulates multiple cytokine and growth factor-activated signaling pathways by acting as a recruitment factor for adapter proteins.
Beam stresses induced by a turbulent boundary layer and simulated with a reverberant acoustic field

Unsteady pressure fluctuations are a feature of the flow field of an airplane or a space vehicle in atmospheric flight. Undesirable effects of these fluctuations range from internal (cabin) noise to structural fatigue and damage of avionic and ordnance systems. The integrity to withstand these fluctuating loads is established through reverberant room acoustical qualification testing. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology of simulating turbulent boundary layer fluctuating pressure loading for a simply supported beam with a reverberant acoustic field. This goal was accomplished using normal mode vibration analysis. The main results were developed in terms of dimensionless quantities such as turbulent boundary layer spectrums, reverberant acoustical field simulation spectrums, and stress response spectrums with parameters: dimensionless fundamental frequency, Mach number, and relative boundary layer displacement thickness.
Like-feature detection in geo-spatial sources

The emergence of a new generation of satellites, increased dependence on computer-aided cartography, and conversion of paper-based maps along with the universal acceptance of the World Wide Web as a distribution medium, has resulted in widespread availability of geospatial data. Geospatial information systems have the potential to use this wealth of data to provide high-level decision support in important military, agricultural, urban planning, transportation and environmental monitoring applications. There are many challenges to take full advantage of this geo-spatial data collection. The first step in integration is to determine the correspondence between features in different sources. This problem, called like-feature detection is addressed in this paper. In addition to using the individual attributes of features, we use the geographic context abstracted as proximity graphs, to improve the matching process. The proximity graph models the surroundings of a feature in a source and provides a measure of similarity between features in two sources. Pair-wise similarity between features of two sources is then extended to multiple sources in a graph- theoretic framework. Experiments conducted to demonstrate the viability of our approach using a variety of data sources including satellite imagery, maps, and gazetteers show that the approach is effective.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Visibility as a factor in library selection of ready reference web resources

Purpose – To determine the most popular entries on library ready reference web sites and the role of visibility in the selection of resources.Design/methodology/approach – Ready reference web sites of 100 American libraries were examined, for a census of the most frequently selected online resources. The dates of news, library and online media coverage were considered for specific tools, to explain their prominence.Findings – Early publicity for web tools was found to be an important element in their relative popularity as choices for library web sites.Research limitations/implications – The date on which a given web resource became well known among librarians can only be estimated from media reports, not proved. Additional study could establish the frequency with which libraries modify their ready reference web sites and investigate why other resources of comparable quality have not become as popular.Originality/value – The paper shows that early visibility plays a role in librarians' selection of web re...
Inequalities for weighted polynomials

Let q,(x) be a polynomial of degree n. The well-known inequality of Markov states that IIqxxllr,,-*,lI <n2 II9”WllL,,-1, I] (cf. Timan [ 1, p. 2181). It is natural to conjecture that similar inequalities may hold for weighted polynomials on unbounded intervals, and indeed Milne [2] obtained a result which by a trivial change of variable is equivalent to the following inequality: II~~~~~--x2/~~~,~~~l’Il,~u(-00,m~ <K, n”* Ilexp(-x2/2)4n(x)III.,~-m.co,~ (1) where K, is a constant independent of n and of q”(x). Almost 40 years after the publication of Milne’s paper, G. Freud showed that for 1 <p ,< 00, IIexp(--x2/2)q~(x)ll,p~-co,m~ <KK,nl” Ilexd-x*/2) sn(xL,c-co.m, (2) (cf. [3, Theorem 11, and
A man's reach must exceed his grasp

Climate System Modeling. Edited by K. E. Trenberth. Cambridge University Press: 1993. Pp. 788. £35, $49.95.
A computer tool kit for chemists—III. Error detection and corrective action procedure☆

Abstract In this paper a procedure that is used to ensure computational reliability is described and demonstrated. The procedure requires that a modified form of the law of conservation of mass/energy applies to all systems of mathematical equations, and that users stipulate the desired computational accuracy. The Error Detection and Corrective Action (EDCA) procedure is an application of a modified form of the law of conservation of mass/energy. It determines whether the user-stipulated reliability for a calculated value for a parameter has been exceeded and then systematically invokes corrective actions until acceptable values are calculated. An implemented form of the EDCA algorithm is illustrated with selected examples of the use of the Function Recognition And Numerical Solution (FRANS) system.