cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Aeroelasticity of Structurally Nonlinear Configurations Using Linear Modally Reduced Aerodynamic Generalized Forces

Steady state and time domain methods for integrating commonly used frequency-domain unsteady aerodynamic modeling based on a modal approach with full order flnite element models for structures with geometric nonlinearities are introduced. The methods are aimed at airplane conflgurations where geometric stifiness efiects are important but where deformations are moderate, ∞ow is attached, and linear unsteady aerodynamic modeling is adequate, such as joined-wing and strut-braced wings at small to moderate angles of attack or low aspect ratio wing. Results obtained using full order nonlinear structural modeling and full order aerodynamic modeling (including aerodynamic in∞uence coe‐cients for all aerodynamic panels) are compared to results obtained using full order structural modeling with generalized aerodynamic matrices obtained using a modal approach.
VISTA Enhancer Browser—a database of tissue-specific human enhancers

Despite the known existence of distant-acting cis-regulatory elements in the human genome, only a small fraction of these elements has been identified and experimentally characterized in vivo. This paucity of enhancer collections with defined activities has thus hindered computational approaches for the genome-wide prediction of enhancers and their functions. To fill this void, we utilize comparative genome analysis to identify candidate enhancer elements in the human genome coupled with the experimental determination of their in vivo enhancer activity in transgenic mice [L. A. Pennacchio et al. (2006) Nature, in press]. These data are available through the VISTA Enhancer Browser (http://enhancer.lbl.gov). This growing database currently contains over 250 experimentally tested DNA fragments, of which more than 100 have been validated as tissue-specific enhancers. For each positive enhancer, we provide digital images of whole-mount embryo staining at embryonic day 11.5 and an anatomical description of the reporter gene expression pattern. Users can retrieve elements near single genes of interest, search for enhancers that target reporter gene expression to a particular tissue, or download entire collections of enhancers with a defined tissue specificity or conservation depth. These experimentally validated training sets are expected to provide a basis for a wide range of downstream computational and functional studies of enhancer function.
Phenomenological aspects of isospin violation in the nuclear force

Abstract Phenomenological Lagrangians and dimensional power counting are used to assess isospin violation in the nucleon-nucleon force. The πNN coupling constants (including the Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy), charge-symmetry breaking, and meson-mixing models are examined. A one-loop analysis of the isospin-violating πNN coupling constants is performed using chiral perturbation theory. Meson-mixing models and the 3He3H mass difference are also discussed in the context of naturalness.
A data-parallel programming library for education (DAPPLE)

In the context of our overall goal to bring the concepts of parallel computing into the undergraduate curriculum, we set out to find a parallel-programming language for student use. To make it accessible to students at all levels, and to be independent of any particular hardware platform, we chose to design our own language, based on a data-parallel model and on C++. The result, DAPPLE, is a C++ class library designed to provide the illusion of a data-parallel programming language on conventional hardware and with conventional compilers. DAPPLE defines Vectors and Matrices as basic classes, with all the usual C++ operators overloaded to provide elementwise arithmetic. In addition, DAPPLE provides typical data-parallel operations like scans, permutations, and reductions. Finally, DAPPLE provides a parallel if-then-else statement to restrict the scope of the above operations to partial vectors or matrices.
Reinforcement of linear structure using parametrized relaxation labeling

The problem of reinforcing local evidence of linear structure while suppressing unwanted information in noisy images is considered, using a modified form of relaxation labeling. The methodology is based on parametrizing a continuous set of orientation labels via a single vector and using a sigmoidal thresholding function to bias neighborhood influence and ensure convergence to a meaningful stable state. Label strength and label/no-label decisions are incorporated into a single functional. Optimal points of the functional represent the cases where as many pixels (objects) as possible have achieved the desirable linear-structure-reinforced and noise-suppressed labelings. Three different linear structure reinforcement tasks are considered within the general framework: edge reinforcement, edge reinforcement with thinning, and bar (line segment) reinforcement. Results from several image data sets are presented. This approach can directly handle continuous feature information from low-level image analysis operators, and the computational complexity of labeling is reduced. >
Transition Metal Complexation of σ Bonds

The first σ complexes were found in the 1960s and 1970s, but they did not attract more than passing attention. Only now are we beginning to recognize their key role in the chemical reactions of σ bonds, and this has encouraged more detailed study. In contrast with the more familiar π-donor complexes such as M(CH2CH2) and complexes like MNH3, in which the one pair of electrons on the N atom is bound to the metal atom, in a σ complex an XH group binds to the transition metal atom; the XH σ-bonding electron pair acts as a 2e donor to give an (X-H)-M type complex. Dihydrogen complexes (X = H) are one important group of σ complexes. C-H-M complexes (X = R3C) with an agostic C-H-M interaction have not only been found in the ground state but also implicated in the transition states of many important organometallic transformations such as Ziegler–Natta catalysis and sigma bond metathesis. The importance of XH bond activation will encourage continued growth in this field.
Compressible Linear Stability of Confluent Wake/Boundary Layers

The linear stability of a compressible confluent wake/boundary layer is studied. The base flow model considered is the superposition of a compressible boundary layer and a Gaussian-like wake located above the boundary layer. The linear stability equations have been solved by using a global numerical method. The stability modes of interest have been identified as the boundary-layer modes, the antisymmetric wake mode, and the symmetric wake mode. The effects of wake height on the first Tollmien-Shlichting mode and the second mode associated with the boundary layer are discussed. Results for unstable modes associated with the wake are also presented
Stochastic Acceleration of Low-Energy Electrons in Cold Plasmas

We investigate the possibility of stochastic acceleration of background low-energy electrons by turbulent plasma waves. We consider the resonant interaction of the charged particles with all branches of the transverse plasma waves propagating parallel to a uniform magnetic field. Numerical results and asymptotic analytic solutions valid at nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic energies are obtained for the acceleration and scattering times of electrons. These times have a strong dependence on plasma parameter α = ωpe/Ωe (the ratio of electron plasma frequency to electron gyrofrequency) and on the spectral index of plasma turbulence. It is shown that particles with energies above a certain critical value may interact with higher frequency electromagnetic plasma waves, and this interaction is allowed only in plasmas with α < 1. We show that for nonrelativistic and semirelativistic electrons in low-α plasmas, the ratio of the acceleration time to the scattering time can be less than unity for a wide range of energies. From this we conclude that the transport equation derived for cosmic rays that requires this ratio to be much larger than unity is not applicable at these energies. An approximate "critical" value of particle energy above which the dynamics of charged particles may be described by this transport equation is determined as a function of plasma parameters. We propose new transport equation for the opposite limit (energies less than this critical value) when the acceleration rate is much faster than the pitch angle scattering rate. This equation is needed to describe the electron dynamics in plasmas with α 0.1.
Parametric Study of Peripheral Nozzle Configurations for Supersonic Retropropulsion

Field, CA, 94035 With sample-return and manned missions on the horizon for Mars exploration, the ability to decelerate high-mass systems to the planet’s surface has become a research priority. This paper explores the use of supersonic retropropulsion, the application of jets facing into the freestream, as a means of achieving drag augmentation. Numerical studies of retropropulsion ows were conducted using a Cartesian Euler solver with adjoint-driven mesh renement. After rst validating this simulation tool with existing experimental data, a series of three broad parametric studies comprising 181 total runs was conducted using tri- and quad-nozzle capsule congurations. These studies chronicle the eects of nozzle location, orientation, and jet strength over Mach numbers from 2 to 8 and angles of attack ranging from 5 to 10 . Although many simulations in these studies actually produced negative drag augmentation, some simulations displayed local overpressures 60% higher than that possible behind a normal shock and produced drag augmentation on the order of 20%. Examination of these cases leads to the development of an aerodynamic model for drag augmentation in which the retrojets are viewed as oblique shock generators. Flow approaching the capsule face is decelerated and compressed by multiple oblique shocks. By avoiding the massive stagnation pressure losses associated with the bow shock in typical entry systems, this approach achieves signicant overpressure on the capsule face and strong drag amplication. With a fundamental physical mechanism for drag augmentation identied, follow-on studies are planned to exploit this feature and to understand its impact on potential entry trajectories and delivered mass limits for future Mars missions.
Differential operators on the free algebras

Following the definitions of the algebras of differential operators, β-differential operators, and the quantum differential operators on a noncommutative (graded) algebra given in Lunts and Rosenberg (Selecta Math New Ser 3:335–359, 1997), we describe these algebras on the free associative algebra. We further study their properties.
Flowfield measurements inside a boundary-layer bleed slot

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the flowfield inside a bleed slot used to control an oblique shock-wave and turbulent boundary-layer interaction. The slot was oriented normal to the primary flow direction and had a width of 1.0 cm (primary flow direction) and a length of 2.54 cm and spanned 16.5 cm. The approach boundary layer upstream of the interaction was nominally 3.0 cm thick. Two operating conditions were studied: M = 1.98 with a shock generator deflection angle of 6 deg and M = 2.46 with a shock generator deflection angle of 8 deg. Measurements include surface and flowfield static pressure, pitot pressure, and total mass flow through the slot. The results show that despite an initially two-dimensional interaction for the zero-bleed-flow case, the slot does not remove mass uniformly in the spanwise direction. Inside the slot, the flow is characterized bv two separation regions, which significantly reduce the effective flow area. The upper separation region acts as an aerodynamic throat, resulting in supersonic flow through much of the slot.
On-Line Identification and Location of Rotor Cracks

Abstract A new method is proposed to detect and locate a crack in a rotor system. A vector quantity “residue” is defined using the measured vibration response of the rotor system and the modeled system matrices. It is shown that the non-zero elements of “residue” correspond to the nodes encompassing the element carrying the crack. Although the derivation of “residue” is based on the linearized model of the rotor system, the response due to the non-linearity caused by the breathing of the crack is shown to cause only a small amount of contamination. To investigate the robustness of the proposed method a sensitivity analysis is conducted. It is found that the method is capable of detecting a crack of as small a depth as 4% of the shaft diameter. The effects of light damping and the other of finite element discretization on the detection results are also investigated, and are found to be small.
Intersecting flavor branes

We consider an instance of the AdS/CFT duality where the bulk theory contains an open string tachyon, and study the instability from the viewpoint of the boundary field theory. We focus on the specific example of the AdS5 × S 5 background with two probe D7 branes intersecting at general angles. For generic angles supersymmetry is completely broken and there is an open string tachyon between the branes. The field theory action for this system is obtained by coupling to $ \mathcal{N}=4 $ super Yang-Mills two $ \mathcal{N}=2 $ hyper multiplets in the fundamental representation of the SU(N) gauge group, but with different choices of embedding of the two $ \mathcal{N}=2 $ subalgebras into $ \mathcal{N}=4 $ . On the field theory side we find a one-loop Coleman-Weinberg instability in the effective potential for the fundamental scalars. We identify a mesonic operator as the dual of the open string tachyon. By AdS/CFT, we predict the tachyon mass for small ’t Hooft coupling (large bulk curvature) and confirm that it violates the AdS stability bound.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes in organofluorine chemistry

This short review summarizes the recent progress in organofluorinations catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-transition metal ion complexes. NHC-metal ion complexes are increasingly used in a variety of organic transformations, and they have opened up new opportunities, especially in the synthesis of organofluorine compounds. New advances in olefin metathesis, trifluoromethylations, Heck and Suzuki coupling, selective hydrodefluorination, and enantioselective synthesis of organofluorine compounds have been achieved through catalysis by NHC and their metal ion complexes. In this review, synthetic methods for various NHC-metal ion complexes and their applications in the synthesis of organofluorine compounds are comprehensively outlined.
Inter-temporal variation in the illiquidity premium

Abstract We find evidence of a systematic link between monetary conditions and inter-temporal variation in the price of liquidity. Specifically, following an expansive monetary policy shift, funding conditions improve and market-wide liquidity increases, which is especially beneficial for illiquid securities. The improved liquidity and funding conditions reduce the returns required for holding illiquid securities. Consequently, illiquid stocks experience relatively large price increases when monetary conditions become expansive, and thus, the measured return spread between illiquid and liquid stocks expands substantially. Overall, our evidence supports the claim that the price of asset liquidity is dependent on monetary conditions.
Certainty equivalence implies detectability

Abstract It is shown that any stabilizing, certainty equivalence control used within an adaptive control system, causes the familiar interconnection of a controlled process and associated output estimator to be detectable through the estimator’s output error e p , for every frozen value of the index or parameter vector p upon which both the estimator and controller dynamics depend. The fact that certainty equivalence implies detectability has been known for some time – this has been shown to be so whenever the process model is linear and the controller and estimator models are also linear for every frozen value of p. In this paper, use is made of recently introduced concepts of input-to-state stability and detectability for nonlinear systems to prove that the same implication is valid in a more general, nonlinear setting.
Mixed-Morphology Pairs as a Breeding Ground for Active Nuclei

Mixed-morphology pairs offer a simplification of the interaction equation that involves a gas-rich fast rotator paired with a gas-poor slow rotator. In past low-resolution IRAS studies it was assumed that the bulk of the far-infrared (FIR) emission originated in the spiral component. However, our Infrared Space Observatory studies revealed a surprising number of early-type components with significant IR emission, some of which turned out to show active nuclei. This motivated us to look at the current statistics of active nuclei in mixed pairs using the radio-FIR continuum correlation as a diagnostic. We find a clear excess of early-type components with radio continuum emission and active nuclei. We suggest that they arise more often in mixed pairs via cross-fueling of gas from the spiral companion. This fuel is more efficiently channeled into the nucleus of the slow-rotating receptor. In a sample of 112 mixed-morphology pairs from the Karachentsev catalog, we find that about 25%–30% of detected mixed pairs show a displacement from the radio-FIR relation defined by normal star-forming galaxies. The latter objects show excess radio continuum emission, while others extend the relation to unusually high radio and FIR flux levels. Many of the outliers or extreme emitters involve an early-type component with an active nucleus. The paired E/S0 galaxies in the sample exhibit a significant excess detection fraction and a marginal excess luminosity distribution compared to those of isolated unpaired E/S0 galaxies.
Crime Gun Risk Factors: Buyer, Seller, Firearm, and Transaction Characteristics Associated with Gun Trafficking and Criminal Gun Use

Objective To better understand the workings of illicit gun markets by identifying the characteristics of buyers, sellers, firearms, and transactions that predict whether a gun is used in crime or obtained by an illegal possessor subsequent to purchase.
Trimethylchlorosilane and Water. Convenient Reagents for the Regioselective Hydrochlorination of Olefins

Abstract The hydrochlorination of a series of simple and functionalized olefins in high yields was readily accomplished using a mixture of trimethylchlorosilane and water. Hydrochlorination by this procedure is chemoselective and regioselective.
69-W-AVERAGE-POWER YB:YAG LASER

We report what is to our knowledge the highest quasi-cw output power to date, 150 W, with average output power of 69 W and pulse energy of 250 mJ, for an InGaAs diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser. This performance was obtained by use of a laser head designed to be part of a master oscillator power amplifier operating at 3 kW.
Maps Between Deformed and Ordinary Gauge Fields

In this paper, we introduce a map between the q-deformed gauge fields defined on the GL q (N) -covariant quantum hyperplane and the ordinary gauge fields. Perturbative analysis of the q-deformed QED at the classical level is presented and gauge fixing a la BRST is discussed. Another star product defined on the hybrid (q,h) -plane is explicitly constructed.
Comparison of rhyming and word generation with FMRI.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) has been successfully used to non-invasively map language function, but has several disadvantages. These include severe motion sensitivity, which limits overt verbal responses in behavioral paradigms, such as word generation. The lack of overt responses prevents behavioral validation, making data interpretation difficult. Our objective was to compare the FMRI activation patterns of a novel silent rhyme determination task requiring a non-verbal response, to covert word generation from visually presented letters. Five strongly right-handed subjects performed both tasks during multi-slice coronal echo-planar T2*–weighted FMRI. Single subject activation maps were generated for each task by correlation analysis of single pixel time series to a boxcar reference function. These maps for the two tasks were separately interpolated to 2563, transformed into Talairach space, summed, and thresholded at t>6. Combined activation maps from both tasks showed similar robust perisylvian language area activation, including inferior frontal gyrus, posterior superior temporal lobe, and fusiform gyrus. Subjects performed well on the rhyming task, which activated left hemisphere cortical regions more selectively than the word generation task. The rhyming task showed less activation than the word generation task in areas typically not considered specifically related to language function, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate. The rhyming task is a useful tool for brain mapping and clinical applications, potentially more specific to cortical language areas than verbal fluency. Hum. Brain Mapping 10:99–106, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dairy Wastewater, Aquaculture, and Spawning Fish as Sources of Steroid Hormones in the Aquatic Environment

A suite of androgens, estrogens, and progestins were measured in samples from dairy farms, aquaculture facilities, and surface waters with actively spawning fish using gas chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) to assess the potential importance of these sources of steroid hormones to surface waters. In a dairy waste lagoon, the endogenous estrogens 17β-estradiol and estrone and the androgens testosterone and androstenedione were detected at concentrations as high as 650 ng/L. Samples from nearby groundwater monitoring wells demonstrated removal of steroid hormones in the subsurface. Samples from nearby surface waters and tile drains likely impacted by animal wastes demonstrated the sporadic presence of the steroids 17β-estradiol, estrone, testosterone, and medroxyprogesterone, usually at concentrations near or below 1 ng/L. The endogenous steroids estrone, testosterone, and androstenedione were detected in the raceways and effluents of three fish hatcheries at concentrations near 1 ng/L. Simi...
Atomistic simulations of dislocation mobility in Al, Ni and Al/Mg alloys

Dislocation velocities and mobilities are studied using molecular dynamics simulations for edge and screw dislocations in pure aluminium and nickel, and edge dislocations in Al-2.5%Mg and Al-5.0%Mg random substitutional alloys using EAM potentials. In the pure materials, the velocities of all dislocations are close to linear with the ratio of (applied stress)/(temperature) at low velocities consistent with phonon drag models, and quantitative agreement with the experiment is obtained for the mobility in Al. At higher velocities, different behaviour is observed. The edge dislocation velocity remains dependent solely on (applied stress)/(temperature) up to approximately 1.0 MPa K(-1), and approaches a plateau velocity that is lower than the smallest 'forbidden' speed predicted by continuum models. In contrast, above a velocity around half of the smallest continuum wave speed, the screw dislocation damping has a contribution dependent solely on stress with a functional form close to that predicted by a radiation damping model of Eshelby. At the highest applied stresses, there are several regimes of nearly constant (transonic) velocity separated by velocity gaps in the vicinity of forbidden velocities; various modes of dislocation disintegration and destabilization were also encountered in this regime. In the alloy systems, there is a temperature- and concentration-dependent pinning regime where the velocity drops sharply below the pure metal velocity. Above the pinning regime but at moderate stresses, the velocity is again linear in (applied stress)/(temperature) but with a lower mobility than in the pure metal.
Subgroups of p-divisible groups and centralizers in symmetric groups

We give a formula relating the transfer maps for the cohomology theories En and Ct to the transchromatic generalized character maps of [7]. We then apply this to understand the effect of the transchromatic generalized character maps on Strickland’s isomorphism between the Morava E-theory of the symmetric group Σpk (modulo a transfer ideal) and the global sections of the scheme that classifies subgroups of order p in the formal group associated to En. This provides an algebrogeometric interpretation to the Ct-cohomology of the class of groups arising as centralizers of finite sets of commuting elements in symmetric groups.
Design and analysis of distributed averaging with quantized communication

Distributed averaging (also known as average consensus) is an algorithm that builds on neighbor to neighbor interactions with the ultimate goal of convergence to the average of all initial node values or to some value close to that average. We analyze in this paper the performance of distributed averaging algorithms where the information exchanged between neighboring agents is subject to deterministic uniform quantization (i.e., real values sent by nodes to their neighbors are truncated). With such quantization, convergence to the precise average cannot be achieved in general, but the convergence would be to some value close to it, called quantized consensus. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, we characterize the convergence properties of the resulting nonlinear quantized system. We show that in finite time and depending on initial conditions, the algorithm on any static and connected graph will either cause all agents to reach a quantized consensus where the consensus value is the largest quantized value not greater than the average of their initial values, or will lead all variables to oscillate in a small neighborhood around the average. In the latter case, we identify tight bounds for the size of the neighborhood and we further show that the error can be made arbitrarily small by adjusting the algorithm's parameters in a distributed manner.
Simulation of phonon-limited mobility for nano-scale Si-based n-type non-planar device under general orientation and stress condition

In this manuscript we study the mobility of nano-scale Si-based n-type non-planar devices (e.g. FinFET, Tri-Gate and nanowire). Such devices feature a 1D transport property while the carriers are confined in a 2D plane. As a result, their longitudinal mobility depends strongly on the 1D characteristics of density of states. With added external stress the behaviors of such properties differ further from those of conventional planar devices. We established a physical model to self-consistently solve the subbands and calculate the mobility under a general stress condition, and demonstrated the methodology by calculating the mobility of a simple (100) non-planar device under the choices of two orientations and one longitudinal stress condition at various gate biases.
Descent pattern avoidance

We extend the notion of consecutive pattern avoidance to considering sums over all permutations where each term is a product of weights depending on each consecutive pattern of a fixed length. We study the problem of finding the asymptotics of these sums. Our technique is to extend the spectral method of Ehrenborg, Kitaev and Perry. When the weight depends on the descent pattern we show how to find the equation determining the spectrum. We give two length 4 applications. First, we find the asymptotics of the number of permutations with no triple ascents and no triple descents. Second, we give the asymptotics of the number of permutations with no isolated ascents or descents. Our next result is a weighted pattern of length 3 where the associated operator only has one non-zero eigenvalue. Using generating functions we show that the error term in the asymptotic expression is the smallest possible.
Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients: A progress report

Abstract Last year, we reported our first results on the determination of Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients using partially quenched lattice QCD with three flavors of dynamical staggered quarks. We give an update on our progress in determining two of these coefficients, including an exhaustive effort to estimate all sources of systematic error. At this conference, we have heard about algorithmic techniques to reduce staggered flavor symmetry breaking and a method to incorporate staggered flavor breaking into the partially quenched chiral Lagrangian. We comment on our plans to integrate these developments into our ongoing program.
Kinematic Geometry of Wheeled Vehicle Systems

This paper utilizes a kinematic-geometric approach to study the first-order motion characteristics of wheeled vehicles on even and uneven terrain. The results obtained from first-order studies are compared to those obtained from second order kinematic analyses, and special situations where the first-order analysis is inadequate are discussed, This approach is particularly suited for studying actively actuated vehicles since their designs typically do not include intentional passive compliances. It is shown that if a vehicle-terrain combination satisfies certain geometric conditions, for instance when a wheeled vehicle operates on even terrain or on a spherical surface, the system possesses a singularity-it possesses finite range mobility that is higher than the one obtained using Kutzbach criterion. On general uneven terrain, the same vehicles require undesirable 'kinematic slipping' at the wheel-terrain contacts to attain the mobility that it possesses on these special surface The kinematic effects of varying the vehicle and/or terrain geometric parameters from their nominal values are discussed. The design enhancements that are required in existing off-road vehicles to avoid kinematic slipping are presented for a class of vehicles that include two-wheel axles in their designs.
Estimation and control of surface roughness in thin film growth using kinetic Monte-Carlo models

Abstract In this work, we present an approach to estimation and control of surface roughness in thin film growth using kinetic Monte-Carlo (MC) models. We use the process of thin film growth in a stagnation flow geometry and consider atom adsorption, desorption and surface migration as the three processes that shape film micro-structure. A multiscale model that involves coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) for the modeling of the gas phase and a kinetic MC simulator, based on a high-order lattice, for the modeling of the film micro-structure, is used to simulate the process. A roughness estimator is constructed that allows computing estimates of the surface roughness at a time-scale comparable to the real-time evolution of the process using discrete on-line roughness measurements. The estimator involves a kinetic MC simulator based on a reduced-order lattice, an adaptive filter used to reduce roughness stochastic fluctuations and an error compensator used to reduce the error between the roughness estimates and the discrete roughness measurements. The roughness estimates are fed to a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Application of the proposed estimator/controller structure to the multiscale process model demonstrates successful regulation of the surface roughness at the desired value. The proposed approach is shown to be superior to PI control with direct use of the discrete roughness measurements. The reason is that the available measurement techniques do not provide measurements at a frequency that is comparable to the time-scale of evolution of the dominant film growth dynamics.
Statistical Active Learning Algorithms for Noise Tolerance and Differential Privacy

We describe a framework for designing efficient active learning algorithms that are tolerant to random classification noise and are differentially-private. The framework is based on active learning algorithms that are statistical in the sense that they rely on estimates of expectations of functions of filtered random examples. It builds on the powerful statistical query framework of Kearns (JACM 45(6):983---1006, 1998). We show that any efficient active statistical learning algorithm can be automatically converted to an efficient active learning algorithm which is tolerant to random classification noise as well as other forms of "uncorrelated" noise. The complexity of the resulting algorithms has information-theoretically optimal quadratic dependence on $$1/(1-2\eta )$$1/(1-2?), where $$\eta $$? is the noise rate. We show that commonly studied concept classes including thresholds, rectangles, and linear separators can be efficiently actively learned in our framework. These results combined with our generic conversion lead to the first computationally-efficient algorithms for actively learning some of these concept classes in the presence of random classification noise that provide exponential improvement in the dependence on the error $$\epsilon $$∈ over their passive counterparts. In addition, we show that our algorithms can be automatically converted to efficient active differentially-private algorithms. This leads to the first differentially-private active learning algorithms with exponential label savings over the passive case.
Reliable Physical Layer Network Coding

When two or more users in a wireless network transmit simultaneously, their electromagnetic signals are linearly superimposed on the channel. As a result, a receiver that is interested in one of these signals sees the others as unwanted interference. This property of the wireless medium is typically viewed as a hindrance to reliable communication over a network. However, using a recently developed coding strategy, interference can in fact be harnessed for network coding. In a wired network, (linear) network coding refers to each intermediate node taking its received packets, computing a linear combination over a finite field, and forwarding the outcome towards the destinations. Then, given an appropriate set of linear combinations, a destination can solve for its desired packets. For certain topologies, this strategy can attain significantly higher throughputs over routing-based strategies. Reliable physical layer network coding takes this idea one step further: using judiciously chosen linear error-correcting codes, intermediate nodes in a wireless network can directly recover linear combinations of the packets from the observed noisy superpositions of transmitted signals. Starting with some simple examples, this paper explores the core ideas behind this new technique and the possibilities it offers for communication over interference-limited wireless networks.
Is personalized medicine achievable in obstetrics

Personalized medicine seeks to identify the right dose of the right drug for the right patient at the right time. Typically, individualization of therapy is based on the pharmacogenomic makeup of the individual and environmental factors that alter drug disposition and response. In addition to these factors, during pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that can impact the therapeutic efficacy of medications. Yet, there is minimal research regarding personalized medicine in obstetrics. Adoption of pharmacogenetic testing into the obstetrical care is dependent on evidence of analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility. Here, we briefly present information regarding the potential utility of personalized medicine for treating the obstetric patient for pain with narcotics, hypertension, and preterm labor, and discuss the impediments of bringing personalized medicine to the obstetrical clinic.
Highly birefringent hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber

A highly birefringent hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber is fabricated and characterized. The fiber group birefringence is found to be 0.025 at 1550 nm through wavelength scanning method and direct measurement of differential group delay.
Management of salivary gland malignancies: current and developing therapies

Salivary gland tumors are rare, clinically diverse neoplasms that represent less than 1% of all malignancies. In locoregional recurrent or metastatic disease, systemic therapy is the standard approach. While numerous small phase II studies have evaluated the activity of cytotoxic agents, either alone or in combination, the response rates are generally modest with objective response rates ranging from 15%–50%. Duration of response is cited in the range of 6–9 months. Given this, further evaluation of novel therapies is mandatory in these diseases. With the emergence of molecular targeted therapy, these tumors become optimal candidates for trials of investigational drugs and established drugs for new indications. Of note, given the often indolent nature of disease, only patients with progressive disease should be enrolled and treated on these clinical trials. Study designs must incorporate stringent inclusion criteria to enable accurate reporting of disease response and stabilization. With dedication and co-operation, patients with these rare neoplasms can be accrued to clinical trials and the establishment of new treatment guidelines will be forthcoming.
Predicting order and timing of new product moves: the role of top management in corporate entrepreneurship

Abstract In this study, we focused on new product move as a form of corporate entrepreneurial activity. We developed hypotheses relating the characteristics of the top management team (TMT) to the order and timing of new product moves made by firms. We analyzed 223 new product introduction moves from the personal computer, long distance telecommunication, and brewing industries from the period of 1975–1990. We found that firms with larger TMTs were more likely to be first movers. The hypothesis that firms with larger TMTs are more likely to respond quickly to new product moves received marginal support. The hypothesis that TMTs more heterogeneous in terms of organizational tenure of executives are more likely to be first movers as well as earlier in the order of new product moves received marginal support. We found contradictory results with TMT organizational tenure and TMT educational background heterogeneity as predictors of order and timing of new product moves. Subsequently, we conducted industry-wise analysis that revealed important differences in this new product entrepreneurial activity across the three industries.
Pluto’s insolation history: Latitudinal variations and effects on atmospheric pressure

Abstract Since previous long-term insolation modeling in the early 1990s, new atmospheric pressure data, increased computational power, and the upcoming flyby of the Pluto system by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft have generated new motivation and increased capabilities for the study of Pluto’s complex long-term (million-years) insolation history. The two primary topics of interest in studying Pluto’s insolation history are the variations in insolation patterns when integrated over different intervals and the evolution of diurnal insolation patterns over the last several decades. We find latitudinal dichotomies when comparing average insolation over timescales of days, decades, centuries, and millennia, where all timescales we consider are short relative to the predicted timescales for Pluto’s chaotic orbit. Depending on the timescales of volatile migration, some consequences of these insolation patterns may be manifested in the surface features revealed by New Horizons. We find the Maximum Diurnal Insolation (MDI) at any latitude is driven most strongly when Pluto’s obliquity creates a long arctic summer (or “midnight sun”) beginning just after perihelion. Pluto’s atmospheric pressure, as measured through stellar occultation observations during the past three decades, shows a circumstantial correlation with this midnight sun scenario as quantified by the MDI parameter.
Epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery plaque characteristics

Abstract Objective Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. The association of EAT volume with type of coronary artery plaque on computed tomography angiography (CTA) is not known. Methods Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring and EAT volume measurement were performed on 214 consecutive patients (mean age 54±14 years) referred for coronary CTA. CAC was performed on non-contrast images, while EAT volume, the severity of luminal stenoses, and plaque characterization were assessed using contrast-enhanced CTA images. EAT volume was also indexed to body surface area (EAT-i). Results EAT volume correlated with age, height, body mass index (BMI), and CAC score. EAT volume increased significantly with the severity of luminal stenosis ( p p p p p p p Conclusion EAT volume was larger in the presence of obstructive CAD and non-calcified plaques. These data suggest that EAT is associated with the development of coronary atherosclerosis and potentially the most dangerous types of plaques.
An interactive on-line multi-objective optimization approach with application to metal cutting turning operation

An on-line supervisory computer control model for optimization of multiple objective programming problems is developed and applied to machining problems. Specifically, the turning operation is formulated and solved by the approach. For the first time, the characteristics of on-line multi-objective problems are described and an approach for solving such problems is developed. The proposed system maintains feasibility of operations and optimizes objectives based on the machine performance and on-line interactions with the decision-maker (DM). The model is hierarchical and consists of two levets: level 1 is designed to protect automated machinery and the workpiece by monitoring the process outputs; and level 2 is designed to optimize the on-line multi-objective problem. The tasks of both levels are accomplished by on-line monitoring and control of changes in process outputs via real-time information provided by sensors. The recommended parameters, obtainable from the multi-objective optimization approach, ar...
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Biaryl-Containing Medium Rings Using a One Bead/One Stock Solution Platform

Diversity-oriented synthesis of structurally complex and diverse small molecules can be used as the first step in a process to explore cellular and organismal pathways. The success of this process is likely going to be dependent on advances in the synthesis of small molecules having natural product-like structures in an efficient and stereoselective manner. The development, scope, and mechanism of the oxidation of organocuprates was investigated and exploited in the atropdiastereoselective synthesis of biaryl-containing medium rings (9-, 10-, and 11-membered rings). The methodology was performed on high-capacity, large polystyrene beads by metalating aryl bromides with i-PrBu2MgLi, followed by transmetalating with CuCN·2LiBr and then oxidizing with 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and was used in a diversity-oriented synthesis of biaryl-containing medium rings (library total theoretical maximum 1412 members). The high capacity beads were arrayed into 384-well plates and, using a process optimized during the developmen...
Two Linear Transformations each Tridiagonal with Respect to an Eigenbasis of the other; Comments on the Parameter Array

Let $${\mathbb K} $$ denote a field. Let it d denote a nonnegative integer and consider a sequence p=( $$\theta_i, \theta^*_i,i=0...d; \varphi_j, \phi_j,j=1...{\it d})$$ consisting of scalars taken from $${\mathbb K} $$ . We call p a parameter array whenever: (PA1) $$\theta_i \not=\theta_j, \; \theta^*_i\not=\theta^*_j$$ if $$i\not=j$, $(0 \leq i, j\leq d)$; (PA2) $ \varphi_i\not=0$, $\phi_i\not=0$ $(1 \leq i \leq d)$; (PA3) $\varphi_i = \phi_1 \sum_{h=0}^{i-1} ({\theta_h-\theta_{d-h}})/({\theta_0-\theta_d}) + (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_0)(\theta_{i-1}-\theta_d)$ $(1 \leq i \leq d)$; (PA4) $\phi_i = \varphi_1 \sum_{h=0}^{i-1} ({\theta_h-\theta_{d-h}})/({\theta_0-\theta_d}) + (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_0)(\theta_{d-i+1}-\theta_0)$ $(1 \leq i \leq d)$; (PA5) $(\theta_{i-2}-\theta_{i+1})(\theta_{i-1}-\theta_i)^{-1}$, $(\theta^*_{i-2}-\theta^*_{i+1})(\theta^*_{i-1}-\theta^*_i)^{-1}$$ are equal and independent of i for $$2 \leq i \leq d-1$$ . In Terwilliger, J. Terwilliger, Linear Algebra Appl., Vol. 330(2001) p. 155 we showed the parameter arrays are in bijection with the isomorphism classes of Leonard systems. Using this bijection we obtain the following two characterizations of parameter arrays. Assume p satisfies PA1 and PA2. Let A, B,A^*, B^* denote the matrices in $${Mat}_{{\it d}+1}$$ ( $${\mathbb K} $$ ) which have entries A ii =θ i , B ii =θ d-i , A * ii =θ* i , B * ii =θ* i (0 ≤ i ≤ d), A i,i-1=1, B i,i-1=1, A * i-1,i =φ i , B * i-1,i =ϕ i (1 ≤ i ≤ d), and all other entries 0. We show the following are equivalent: (i) p satisfies PA3–PA5; (ii) there exists an invertible G ∈Mat d+1( $${\mathbb K} $$ ) such that G −1 AG=B and G −1 A * G=B *; (iii) for 0 ≤ i ≤ d the polynomial $$ \sum_{n=0}^i \frac{ (\lambda-\theta_0) (\lambda-\theta_1) \cdots (\lambda-\theta_{n-1}) (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_0) (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_1) \cdots (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_{n-1}) } {\varphi_1\varphi_2\cdots \varphi_n}$$ is a scalar multiple of the polynomial $$\sum_{n=0}^i \frac{ (\lambda-\theta_d) (\lambda-\theta_{d-1}) \cdots (\lambda-\theta_{d-n+1}) (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_0) (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_1) \cdots (\theta^*_i-\theta^*_{n-1}) } {\phi_1\phi_2\cdots \phi_n}.$$ We display all the parameter arrays in parametric form. For each array we compute the above polynomials. The resulting polynomials form a class consisting of the q-Racah, q-Hahn, dual q-Hahn, q-Krawtchouk, dual q-Krawtchouk, quantum q-Krawtchouk, affine q-Krawtchouk, Racah, Hahn, dual-Hahn, Krawtchouk, Bannai/Ito, and Orphan polynomials. The Bannai/Ito polynomials can be obtained from the q-Racah polynomials by letting q tend to −1. The Orphan polynomials have maximal degree 3 and exist for ( $${\mathbb K} $$ )=2 only. For each of the polynomials listed above we give the orthogonality, 3-term recurrence, and difference equation in terms of the parameter array.
Assorted pixels: multi-sampled imaging with structural models

Multi-sampled imaging is a general framework for using pixels on an image detector to simultaneously sample multiple dimensions of imaging (space, time, spectrum, brightness, polarization, etc.). The mosaic of red, green and blue spectral filters found in most solid-state color cameras is one example of multi-sampled imaging. We briefly describe how multi-sampling can be used to explore other dimensions of imaging. Once such an image is captured, smooth reconstructions along the individual dimensions can be obtained using standard interpolation algorithms. Typically, this results in a substantial reduction of resolution (and hence image quality). One can extract significantly greater resolution in each dimension by noting that the light fields associated with real scenes have enormous redundancies within them, causing different dimensions to be highly correlated. Hence, multi-sampled images can be better interpolated using local structural models that are learned offline from a diverse set of training images. The specific type of structural models we use are based on polynomial functions of measured image intensities. They are very effective as well as computationally efficient. We demonstrate the benefits of structural interpolation using three specific applications. These are (a) traditional color imaging with a mosaic of color filters, (b) high dynamic range monochrome imaging using a mosaic of exposure filters, and (c) high dynamic range color imaging using a mosaic of overlapping color and exposure filters.