cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of a knowledge-based system for screening product innovations

The authors' research goal is to develop and validate an expert system that screens innovations prior to commercialization. This is an important research issue because business corporations are highly dependent on innovations for their growth and profitability, yet most corporations suffer from a high rate of new product failure. Few of the existing decision support systems have alleviated this problem, partly because of their inability to deal with nonmathematical (logical) relationships. An expert system for new product planning could save organizations tremendous amounts of resources (such as dollars, time and scientific talent) spent on product failures. The design of the proposed knowledge-based system is built upon the authors' earlier work in this area. The authors have addressed several critical research issues in the development of such a system: choice of the appropriate sources of knowledge, resolution of conflict among human experts chosen for knowledge acquisition, use of knowledge programming techniques that can accommodate uncertainty, and multiple methods of system validation. The research makes several contributions to marketing theory and practice. Most notably, the development of such systems contributes to effective product planning in organizations and enhances resource efficiency. Further, it generates guidelines for capturing and using expertise in highly unstructured decision-making situations such as product management.
Mechatronics for noise control: on the capabilities of ENC

Evolvable noise controllers (ENCs) are mechatronics systems that are being designed for active noise suppression of non-periodic noises and vibrations in automotive, aeronautical and industrial applications. ENCs are special type of neuro controllers that have been repeatedly demonstrated to possess an excellent faculty for real world control applications. In this paper, ENC control devices are introduced and it will be demonstrated how they effectively suppress periodic and non-periodic noises. ENC control is applied for suppressing parasitic oscillations in a simulated turbine jet engine combustion chamber and will be compared against published traditional controllers for the same problem. The advantages of the ENC devices are discussed in detail and future implications are made.
Vertical movements, behavior, and habitat of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, ascertained from archival tag data

The results presented in this report are based on analyses of 16,721 days of data downloaded from 96 archival tags recovered from bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus; 54–159 cm in length, 0.97–5.44 years of age) at liberty from 31 to 1,508 days in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean. Analyses of daily timed depth and temperature records resulted in the classification of the data into three daily behavior types: characteristic, associative (associated with floating objects), and other. There is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of time fish exhibit characteristic behavior and increasing length, and significant negative correlations between the proportion of time bigeye exhibit associative and other behavior with increasing length. For the smallest (54–80 cm) to largest (100–159 cm) length classes, the vertical habitats utilized when exhibiting non-associative behaviors were 99 and 98% of the time above the thermocline depth (60 m) during the night, at the same average depth of 34 m, and 60 and 72% of the time below the thermocline during the day at average depths of 163 and 183 m, respectively. For the same smallest to largest length classes, when exhibiting associative behavior, the average nighttime and daytime depths were 25 and 21, and 33 and 37 m, respectively. The apparent effects of the environment on the behavior of the fish are discussed.
Hermaphroditic Characteristics of Gonad Morphology and Inferences Regarding Reproductive Biology in Caracanthus (Teleostei, Scorpaeniformes)

Caracanthus typicus and Caracanthus unipinna are small, obligate coral-dwelling, scorpaeniform fishes (F. Caracanthidae). In the majority of individuals in these two species, the male gonad is an ovotestis with several ovarian features, including an apparently nonfunctional gonadal lumen and the frequent presence of healthy-appearing oocytes. In addition, it has a feature typical of secondary testes in the form of peripheral sperm sinuses located within the ovotestis wall. These features collectively suggest that males in these two species arise secondarily from females. Males and females of both species also have an unusual gonad architecture in which the gametogenic tissue is almost entirely surrounded by a peripheral lumen for much of its length. Among females, maturing oocytes project into the ovarian lumen on stalks of stromal tissue and the periphery of the gonadal lumen is lined with a distinctive tall columnar epithelium consistent with a secretory function. Such ovarian features present in three other scorpaeniform species are associated with the release of eggs that are bound together in a gelatinous matrix to form floating egg masses. The presence of such features in female C. typicus and C. unipinna suggests that Caracanthus may have a similar mode of reproduction.
Total Shoulder Replacement: Humeral Component Technique

Shoulder arthroplasty reliably relieves pain and improves function in the majority of patients with painful arthritic shoulders. However, with modern prosthetic designs, improved anatomical understanding, and continued emphasis on proper rehabilitation, our goals of restoring near-normal function are more often realized. This chapter reviews our approach to proper preparation of the humerus in helping to achieve these patient-oriented goals.
Improving robustness against reverberation for automatic speech recognition

Reverberation is a phenomenon observed in almost all enclosed environments. Human listeners rarely experience problems in comprehending speech in reverberant environments, but automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often suffer increased error rates under such conditions. In this work, we explore the role of robust acoustic features motivated by human speech perception studies, for building ASR systems robust to reverberation effects. Using the dataset distributed for the "Automatic Speech Recognition In Reverberant Environments" (ASpIRE-2015) challenge organized by IARPA, we explore Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), deep neural nets (DNNs) and convolutional deep neural networks (CDNN) as candidate acoustic models for recognizing continuous speech in reverberant environments. We demonstrate that DNN-based systems trained with robust features offer significant reduction in word error rates (WERs) compared to systems trained with baseline mel-filterbank features. We present a novel time-frequency convolution neural net (TFCNN) framework that performs convolution on the feature space across both the time and frequency scales, which we found to consistently outperform the CDNN systems for all feature sets across all testing conditions. Finally, we show that further WER reduction is achievable through system fusion of n-best lists from multiple systems.
Does Industry Matter for Diversity Management

Societal and regulatory pressures increasingly encourage all firms to invest in and manage workplace diversity. However, in service industries like hospitality and tourism (HT) where customer inter...
Hyphal Proliferation Through Clamp-Formation in Polyporus Cinnabarinus Fr

(1948). Hyphal Proliferation Through Clamp-Formation in Polyporus Cinnabarinus Fr. Mycologia: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 194-198.
Abstract 2145: AR-42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor with selectivity against leukemia stem cell via apoptosis induction, inhibition of chaperone function of heat shock protein 90 in acute myeloid leukemia

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL AML is a fatal disease where most patients relapse and die of their disease. Increasing evidence indicates that disease relapse is driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapies that can ablate LSCs. We have previously reported that screening the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) can accelerate the identification of anti-LSC compounds by searching for those mimicking the gene expression pattern of a known anti-LSC compound, parthenolide (PTL). One of our “hits” was the HDACi, AR-42 (Arno Therapeutics, Inc). This compound represents a novel class of HDACis that are structurally similar to phenylbutyrate, but with improved HDACi activity at sub-micromolar concentrations. At first, we investigated effects of AR-42 on growth and colony forming ability by using AML cell lines and primary human AML samples. AR-42 exhibits low micromolar potency in biochemical and cellular assays. AR-42 efficiently suppressed AML cell growth at a low dosage (1 μM) after 24 hours of treatment. Just like PTL, AR-42 preferentially targets AML progenitor and stem cell populations. More than 50% cell death was induced by AR-42 in phenotypically defined AML stem / progenitor. Colony forming capability of LSCs treated with 1 μM AR-42 for 24 hours was significantly diminished. Furthermore, 1 μM AR-42 significantly impaired the potential of LSCs in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) xenograft model. Surprisingly, even though AR-42 partially mimics the gene expression pattern of PTL, it does not activate Nrf2-controlled cytoprotective responses like PTL. AR- 42 inhibits NF-κB but, unlike PTL, does not activate HMOX-1. AR-42- mediated apoptosis is associated with activation of caspase 8, PARP cleavage. Further studies found that AR-42 induced inhibition of HSP90 in conjunction with degradation of FLT3 protein. Altogether, these findings indicate that AR-42 may be a promising LSC-targeted therapeutic agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2145
Determination of Pesticides in Tap Water and River Water by HPLC using Concentration Technique with Polystyrene Gel Mini Cartrige

Method for simultaneous determination of asulam, oxin-copper, thiuram, simazine (CAT), mecoprop, napropamide, iprodione, bensulide (SAP) and pencycuron in water was investigated by high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) . Pesticides in waters were absorbed on polystyrene gel mini cartrige. And then the pesticides on cartrige were eluted with acetonitrile and determined by high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a column of RS pak DE-613 or NOVAPAK C18. The recoveries of these pesticides in distilled water were more than 80% except asulam and oxin-copper. And those in river water were more than 89% except oxin-copper. But those in tap water were less than 36% except mecoprop, iprodione and pencycuron. These low recoveries were caused by residual chlorine in tap water.
Prenatal sound stimulation on offspring visual variation seeking

This experiment was designed to consider the effects of an aperiodic sound, delivered during the second semester of pregnancy, on offspring’s responses to three levels of visual complexity. In a Greek Cross Apparatus each of 36 rat offspring was given a 6-h exposure to three levels of visual complexity. The results were directionally consistent with previous findings and demonstrated that the prenatally treated offspring approached all three of the stimulus patterns less frequently (p <.001) and with a shorter duration (p<.05) than the controls. In addition, the sound-treated animals responded differentially (p<.005) to the most complex of the three visual stimuli. These findings were interpreted as having demonstrated that the treated mothers produced offspring in whom exploratory drives and specific preferences for greater visual complexity were reduced.
Real-Time Conversations Between Preservice Teachers and Middle School Students

AbstractThis article describes a procedure used to provide real-time conversations between preservice teachers and middle school students in Detroit, Michigan. This process provided inexpensive, one-to-one contacts that enabled the adults and children involved in the conversations to build skills using telecommunication and an increased appreciation for each other. A visually shared whiteboard is described in the article because preservice teachers used it in some discussions.Problems occurred when preservice teachers attempted to follow-up their real-time conversations with e-mail messages to the students. Although the preservice teachers had ready access to computers, middle school students in these schools did not. It was several days or longer before a student had access to a microcomputer to receive or respond to e-mail from preservice teachers.
LEARNING IN THE DISADVANTAGED

Publisher Summary The particular social category of a learner is quite irrelevant to the understanding and discussion of the learning process. There is historical precedent for considering learning in this way, in that it has been extensively studied in simple situations, such as maze running, with the aim of abstracting principles to be applied to other organisms, situations, and levels of complexity. Learning can be seen as a property of the organism—or, more accurately, of its nervous system—and a property that can be reduced to neurophysiological essentials. Learning can be viewed in a manner that includes particular attributes of the learner, the context, and the content of the material to be learned. The chapter discusses the characteristics of the disadvantaged with respect to some of the skills underlying learning and the stimulus organization consistent with the learner's characteristics, and the stimuli represented by the materials to be learned. It focuses on learning in the disadvantaged, in the sense of a categorization involving social or psychological variables.
Developmental origins of cardiovascular disease: Impact of early life stress in humans and rodents

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that environmental insults during childhood programs the individual to develop chronic disease in adulthood. Emerging epidemiological data strongly supports that early life stress (ELS) given by the exposure to adverse childhood experiences is regarded as an independent risk factor capable of predicting future risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental animal models utilizing chronic behavioral stress during postnatal life, specifically maternal separation (MatSep) provides a suitable tool to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which ELS increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this review is to highlight current epidemiological studies linking ELS to the development of cardiovascular disease and to discuss the potential molecular mechanisms identified from animal studies. Overall, this review reveals the need for future investigations to further clarify the molecular mechanisms of ELS in order to develop more personalized therapeutics to mitigate the long-term consequences of chronic behavioral stress including cardiovascular and heart disease in adulthood.
Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier System Upgrade

A significant upgrade to the Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) facility’s 4000 liters/hour helium system has been made to support the Laboratory’s Tevatron superconducting accelerator. The upgrade includes a second helium liquefier with a rated capacity of 5400 liters/hour, a fourth reciprocating compressor rated at 750 grams/second, and an improved cryogenic distribution system including liquid helium dewars and pumps. The system design and operating experience to date are discussed.
Bioarchaeology: Changes and challenges in bioarchaeology

Introduction Reflecting back over a half-century of research, Armelagos, Carlson, & Van Gerven lamented that ‘human osteology has been and continues to be dominated by an overriding concern for the description of biological differences between populations, the result of which has been an evergrowing number of taxonomic definitions’ (1982:310). They advocated an overhaul of the field – involving an overall reorientation from description to process – in order to better understand the underlying biological significance of human skeletal variation. Although they primarily addressed issues relating to skeletal morphology and the relationship between form and function, their proposed paradigmatic shift can be more broadly applied to the study of most other aspects of past humans remains discussed in the foregoing chapters of this book. In many ways, there has been a shift in bioarchaeology. This change has been facilitated by a number of important technological, methodological, and theoretical advances. To be sure, some of these advancements – for example, the growing sophistication of high-speed computers and computing – may have only fueled the fire for multivariate studies and increased elaboration of taxonomy and description (see Armelagos et al ., 1982; Larsen, 1987). On a more positive note, the revolution in computing brought about by the wide availability of powerful desktop computers has greatly enhanced our proficiency in analyzing complex problems in a more comprehensive fashion than was possible a decade or so ago.
Intraductal Proliferations (DCIS, ADH, and UDH)

The diagnostic evaluation of intraductal proliferations, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) is one of the most common diagnostic challenges in breast pathology. While proliferations on the ends of this diagnostic spectrum (high-grade DCIS and classic usual ductal hyperplasia) are usually more straightforward to classify, the distinction between low-grade DCIS and ADH can be particularly problematic. An understanding of the biology of these lesions reveals more about their complexity and which lesions are more closely related to each other. When evaluating intraductal proliferations on core needle biopsy samples, pathologists should understand the critical aspects of establishing these diagnoses as well as their clinical impact. This chapter will review practical approaches to the diagnosis of intraductal proliferative lesions on core biopsy as well as some of their diagnostic challenges and clinical implications.
Survey of postharvest-processed oysters in the United States for levels of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

From June through October 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration collected oysters (61 samples) that had been subjected to postharvest processing (PHP) methods, including mild heat treatment, freezing, and high hydrostatic pressure, from processors and retail markets in various states to determine Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus levels. Presence in a 25-g sample and most probable number (MPN) using standard enrichment and selective isolation procedures were utilized. Suspect colonies were isolated and identified using DNA probe colony hybridization. Neither species of vibrio was detected in 25-g portions of most samples regardless of the PHP. The lowest frequency of isolation of either pathogen ( 30 MPN/g of either pathogen. The mean levels of either organism in PHP oysters observed in the present study were 5 to 6 log less than in unprocessed raw Gulf Coast oysters. Of the 70 V. vulnificus isolates examined, only 5 possessed the putative virulence marker, type B 16S rRNA. Neither the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) nor the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) virulence gene was detected in any of the 40 V. parahaemolyticus isolates examined in the present study. These data suggest that if there is any selective advantage to pathogenic strains of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, these differences are minimal. These results indicate that all PHP treatments greatly reduce exposure of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus to raw-oyster consumers. Consequently, these PHP oysters pose a much lower risk of illness to consumers due to these pathogens.
Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Meniscal Allograft Transplantation at a Mean 5-Year Follow-up.

Background:Concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal allograft transplantation (ACLR/MAT) has demonstrated short-term success in small, retrospective cohort studies. Patien...
Changes in Mesenteric Blood Flow Affect Translocation in Sheep

Mortality in severely burned patients due to secondary infection remains high (Mason et al. 1986) despite the fact that antibiotics and aggressive monitoring and surgical practices have improved outcome (Herndon et al. 1986 and Thompson et al. 1986). The large population of bacteria in the gut has been considered to be a source of infection since Ford described their presence in the extraintestinal abdominal viscera (Ford 1900 and 1901). More recently, the gut has been postulated as the source of infections in patients with hematological malignancies (Tancrede et al 1985) and of bacteremia in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock (Rush et al. 1988). Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract following or during thermal injury (Deitch et al. 1986 and Maejima et al. 1984), traumatic shock (Deitch et al. 1987), endotoxemia (Deitch et al. 1987a and Deitch et al. 1987b), hemorrhagic shock or intestinal bacterial overgrowth (Berg et al. 1981 and Deitch et al. 1985) has been demonstrated in the small animal model.
Peasants in Anthropology

Peasants, an anthropological approach, begins with Kroeber's definition of them as part societies and part cultures, describing a segment of national societies as a class of people who are family-based agriculturalists who produce food for themselves and for the market. They also provide (under various forms of coercion) labor, rent, taxes, and manpower for armies or pharaonic constructions such as temples, roads, or dams. Their culture is folk based but related in interesting ways to high-cultured learning practiced by elites. Politically, peasants are often subjects of landowners and even in free communities, they are subservient to the dictates of members of the state and to ecclesiastical control. Regularly exploited and overworked, they occasionally rise in rebellion and participate in revolutionary wars, but more frequently resist exactions in devious ways, driven by attempts at self-defense that appeals to an ethic, named by James C. Scott, the moral economy of the peasant. It asserts the higher moral right to food and shelter and to family social relationships in the face of constant expropriation of their crops, labor, animals, and land. Increases in land productivity are achieved through labor-intensive ways and environmental management seeking sustainability as a way of life rather than the single-minded pursuit of profit. Their participation in markets as traders and sellers of labor and crops is an important aspect of their life, even though part of their production is consumed directly. In modern times, peasants, in alliance with other political actors, resist changes in agricultural technologies such as mechanization, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, genetically modified crops, and the extraction of mineral or oil resources that adversely affect them. Peasants also extend their lifestyles to urban areas where, as casual labor migrants, they re-create zones of peasant life reminiscent of their rural home base, even if they now travel to other countries to find work and send money back to sustain the peasant base.
Traumatic Urological Emergencies

Trauma is the leading cause of death in the under 44 year age group. Although the goal should be prevention, when such injuries occur prompt recognition and proper management based on sound judgment and experience are critical in limiting complications including potential lifelong disability. Iatrogenic injuries comprise a distinct subgroup of trauma. During surgery, it is important that we strive to minimize such preventable occurrences by maintaining a thorough understanding of the operative anatomy, ensuring meticulous tissue dissection and obtaining intraoperative consultations from other surgical disciplines, when necessary. During the past two decades the management of urologic injuries has evolved from a predominantly surgical approach to one of close observation with limited intervention using minimally invasive techniques. This paradigm change is clearly evident with renal injuries, most of which are managed non-operatively; intervention, when necessary, is accomplished usually with endovascular and endoscopic techniques (e.g. selective arteriography, stent placement). Similarly, select lower urinary tract and genital injuries can be managed conservatively. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of genitourinary trauma and their proper management is paramount in improving preventive measures and optimizing treatment outcomes.
Effect of Elevation and Foliar Age on Maximum Leaf Resistance to Water Vapor Diffusion in Conifers of the Central Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.

Development of cuticular resistance to water vapor diffusion (rcwv) was measured in wind-protected shoots of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) along the entire elevation gradient of these species in the central Rocky Mountains. Increases in rcwv of new shoots occurred primarily during August. Maximum rcwv was lower at high elevation, particularly in krummholz growth forms, as had been observed in other species. Highest mean rcwv (340 ks m-1) occurred in Engelmann spruce at the lowest elevation (2700 m). At relatively high elevation, erect wind-protected trees showed a slight decline in mean rcwv during September. At lower elevations, this decline did not occur during autumn, but a comparison of different age classes of foliage showed that in open-growth trees, second-year foliage had about 40% lower mean rcwv compared to new foliage sampled in October. Thirdand fourth-year foliage did not show any statistically significant additional decline in rcwv. The results could be explained by a superficial wax layer responsible for maximal rcwv, which is produced in trees at low elevation exposed to full sun, but lost during the first fall or winter after the foliage is produced. This superficial wax layer of new foliage also appears to reduce foliar wettability. Loss of this wax or failure to produce it, particularly in wind-exposed trees at high elevations, may simultaneously increase diffusion of water vapor and other gases, and potential adsorption or absorption of solutes by cuticles in older age classes of conifer foliage.
Metaphysik des Lean-Brain-Gedankens

Ich will noch vor dem grosen Finale ein paar Gedanken uber Lean Brain an sich anhangen. (Halten Sie das drei oder funf Seiten aus?) Sie werden nach der bisherigen Lekture ein bisschen erschrocken sein, dass die ganze Welt mit so wenig Intelligenz auskommen kann.
An Epidemiologic Approach to Evaluating the Importance of Immunoprophylaxis

This chapter describes an epidemiologic approach to evaluating the importance of immunoprophylaxis. Epidemiology is the branch of medicine that focuses on interrelationships between living organisms and their environment as they relate to health. In contrast to most medical disciplines, which focus on diagnosing and treating disease in individuals, there is an inherent ecological nature to epidemiology because understanding, controlling and preventing disease in the population is emphasized. It is interesting to note that significant advances in modern epidemiology have occurred during the same period that advances in biology and medicine have led to the common use of intensive vaccination strategies by veterinarians and animal owners. Despite the concurrence of these developments, epidemiologic methods have played a relatively minor role in the development and critical appraisal of immunoprophylaxis in veterinary medicine when compared to their use in evaluating the efficacy of efforts to control diseases in humans. A critical appraisal of disease prevention strategies is paramount for these efforts to be efficient.
Deriving Business Value from Asymmetric Penalty-Reward Perspectives of IS users.

When features are added to an existing IS product in response to market demands it is important to assess their business value before implementing them into the product. But how does one estimate the true value of a new feature? Is it sufficient to consider only the customer reward for including a feature into the product or is it also useful to evaluate the customer penalty for not building the feature into the product? The current methods for feature selection capture only the customer inputs for building a feature into the product. The implications of not building the feature are not captured. This study investigates the adequacy of such an approach and discovers that additional business information can be derived by considering both, the reward as well as the penalty perspective of the customer. This information can be utilized by IS developers in adopting the right strategy for product enhancement.
Complexities of Perioperative Pain Management in Orthopedic Trauma.

This review discusses both obvious and hidden barriers in trauma patient access to pain management specialists and provides some suggestions focusing on outcome optimization in the perioperative period. Orthopedic trauma surgeons strive to provide patients the best possible perioperative pain management, while balancing against potential risks of opioid abuse and addiction. Surgeons often find they are ill-prepared to effectively manage postoperative pain in patients returning several months following trauma surgery, many times still dependent on opioids for pain control. Some individuals from this trauma patient population may also require the care of pain management specialists and/or consultation with drug addiction specialists. As the US opioid epidemic continues to worsen, orthopedic trauma surgeons can find it difficult to obtain access to pain management specialists for those patients requiring complex pain medication management and substance abuse counseling. The current state of perioperative pain management for orthopedic trauma patients remains troubling due to reliance on only opioid analgesics, society-associated risks of opioid medication addiction, an “underground” prescription drug marketplace, and an uncertain legal atmosphere related to opioid pain medication management that can deter pain management physicians from accepting narcotic-addicted patients and discourage future physicians from pursuing advanced training in the specialty of pain management. Additionally, barriers continue to exist among Medicaid patients that deter this patient population from access to pain medicine subspecialty care, diminishing medication management reimbursement rates make it increasingly difficult for trauma patients to receive proper opioid analgesic pain medication management, and a lack of proper opioid analgesic medication management training among PCPs and orthopedic trauma surgeons further contributes to an environment ill-prepared to provide effective perioperative pain management for orthopedic trauma patients.
Price and Volume Runups Preceding Tender Offer Announcements

In this chapter we present the results of an empirical investigation of transactions in the shares of tender offer targets in the period preceding public announcement of the offer. Tender offers provide an excellent event for the measurement of trading on nonpublic information because those in possession of such information can be fairly readily identified and because advance information virtually guarantees the possessor a substantial gain if it is utilized. Our results indicate that 1) abnormal returns and share volumes prior to tender offer announcements generally increased over the 1976–1990 period, while the regulatory environment became more restrictive; 2) preannouncement trading by registered insiders was not uncommon in the 1976–1984 period but declined significantly following the passage of the Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984 (ITSA); and 3) the imposition of increasingly stringent legal restrictions may have simply transferred insider trading activities from registered insiders, who are subject to disclosure requirements and fiduciary duties, to outside-insiders, who are relatively free from such scrutiny. Since insider trading by the latter group is notoriously difficult to monitor and even more difficult to prosecute in court, we conclude that existing anti-insider trading regulations are not effective in deterring insider trading in the aggregatee.1
Rapid Sensing of Biological and Environmental Analytes Using Microwave-Accelerated Bioassays and a MATLAB Application

We report a method for rapid detection and analysis of biological and environmental analytes by microwave-accelerated bioassays (MABs) and a novel MATLAB-based image processing of colorimetric signals. In this regard, colorimetric bioassays for histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2) and microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) toxin were carried out using MABs and without microwave heating (i.e, gold standard bioassays). Our MATLAB-based detection method is based on the direct correlation of color intensity of a solution calculated from images captured with a smartphone with the concentration of the biomolecule of interest using a MATLAB code developed in-house. We demonstrated that our MATLAB-based detection method can yield bioassay sensitivity comparable to the colorimetric gold standard tool, i.e., UV-Visible spectroscopy. In addition, colorimetric bioassay time for the HRP-2 assay (used in malaria diagnosis) and colorimetric MC-LR bioassay (used in MCLR toxin diagnosis) was reduced from up to 2 hours at room temperature without microwave heating to 15 minutes using the MABs technique.
Safety and feasibility of combined atrial fibrillation ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion after left atrial appendage electrical isolation

To demonstrate the feasibility of combining left atrial appendage electrical isolation (LAAEI) with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) to increase efficacy of persistent/longstanding atrial fibrillation (PLAF) catheter ablation (CA) while mitigating risk of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. CA for atrial fibrillation (AF) plus LAAO is safe and feasible. LAAEI may improve freedom from recurrence in PLAF but may increase LAA thrombus. We performed 42 concomitant procedures in patients with PLAF. After standard lesions, LAAEI was performed. LAAO immediately followed ablation. If 3-month transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was benign, oral anticoagulation (OAC) was transitioned to dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 more months. Patients were 71.1 ± 8.5 years old, with CHADS2-VASc of 3.3 ± 1.1 and HAS-BLED of 2.5 ± 1.4. Twenty-eight of 42 patients (66.7%) were completely AF free over an average follow-up of 18.6 ± 8.6 months. The AF-free survival estimate was 94.5% at 1 year. There was no thromboembolism (TE) during the follow-up. There were six non-significant leaks acutely and six non-significant leaks at 6 months. There were three device-related thrombi, although 2/3 stopped OAC prematurely. A combined procedure is feasible and effective in treating arrhythmia and stroke risk associated with PLAF. The risk of TE despite OAC after LAAEI supports simultaneous LAAO.
INTRAOSSEOUS LIPOMA OF THE MANDIBLE

Background Intraosseous lipoma (IL) is an uncommon, benign lesion of the bones, making up approximately 0.1% of all primary osseous tumors. Presentation within the jaws remains particularly rare, with no more than 20 cases of mandibular intraosseous lipoma (MIL) documented within the English language literature. Its presentation is often mistaken for other entities, such as anterior Stafne bone defect, traumatic bone cavity, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and glandular odontogenic cyst. MIL has been documented with variable signs and symptoms and locations, but manifestations in the anterior mandible are especially uncommon. Discussion/Conclusions A 33-year-old Hispanic female presented with an incidental finding of a well-defined, intraosseous unilocular radiolucent lesion in the right anterior mandible that was not visible on previous radiographs. The lesion measured 30 × 20 mm, without cortical expansion, and was located apical to teeth #25, #26, and #27, which were asymptomatic. The lesion was enucleated, and the specimen was histologically confirmed to be MIL. This uncommon case of MIL has helped to better describe the features of this rare entity. The medial border of this lesion closely approximated the symphyseal midline, even when the lesion approaches the anterior mandible in only about 20% of described cases. The lesion also presented in the fourth decade of life, below the typical age of the fifth and sixth decades. Features of the current case have not been previously reported, given the small number of cases documented in the literature. Although MIL has a mild behavior and does not require aggressive surgical management, this case illustrates that it may mimic other diseases, given its location in the anterior mandible in a younger patient, thus hindering an accurate diagnosis.
Determining the post-elimination level of vaccination needed to prevent re-establishment of dog rabies.

Background Once a canine rabies-free status has been achieved, there is little guidance available on vaccination standards to maintain that status. In areas with risk of reintroduction, it may be practical to continue vaccinating portions of susceptible dogs to prevent re-establishment of canine rabies. Methods We used a modified version of RabiesEcon, a deterministic mathematical model, to evaluate the potential impacts and cost-effectiveness of preventing the reintroduction of canine rabies through proactive dog vaccination. We analyzed four scenarios to simulate varying risk levels involving the reintroduction of canine rabies into an area where it is no longer present. In a sensitivity analysis, we examined the influences of reintroduction frequency and intensity, the density of susceptible dog population, dog birth rate, dog life expectancy, vaccine efficacy, rate of loss of vaccine immunity, and the basic reproduction number (R0). Results To prevent the re-establishment of canine rabies, it is necessary to vaccinate 38% to 56% of free-roaming dogs that have no immunity to rabies. These coverage levels were most sensitive to adjustments in R0 followed by the vaccine efficacy and the rate of loss of vaccine immunity. Among the various preventive vaccination strategies, it was most cost-effective to continue dog vaccination at the minimum coverage required, with the average cost per human death averted ranging from $257 to $398 USD. Conclusions Without strong surveillance systems, rabies-free countries are vulnerable to becoming endemic when incursions happen. To prevent this, it may be necessary to vaccinate at least 38% to 56% of the susceptible dog population depending on the risk of reintroduction and transmission dynamics.
Trends in hospital procedure volumes for intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke: results from the paul coverdell national acute stroke program

Background Rates of intra-arterial revascularization treatments (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are increasing in the USA. Using a multi-state stroke registry, we studied the trend in IAT use among patients with AIS over a period spanning 11 years. We examined the impact of IAT rates on hospital procedure volumes and patient outcome after stroke. Methods We used data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP) and explored trends in IAT between 2008 and 2018. Patient outcomes were examined by rates of IAT procedures across hospitals. Specifically, outcomes were compared across low-volume ( 30 IAT per year). Favorable outcome was defined as discharge to home. Results There were 612 958 patients admitted with AIS to 687 participating hospitals within the PCNASP during this study. Only 2.9% of patients (mean age 68.5 years, 49.3% women) received IAT. The percent of patients with AIS receiving IAT increased from 1% in 2008 to 5.3% in 2018 (p Conclusion High-volume hospitals were associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome. With the increased use of IAT among patients with AIS, the proportion of low-volume hospitals performing IAT significantly decreased.
Taking a Strohl Through History: Putting Strohl Back in Guillain-Barré-Strohl Syndrome.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a popular eponym that comes from a 1916 paper by Drs. Guillain, Barre, and Strohl. These physicians described two soldiers in the French Sixth Army during World War I who developed acute progressive motor weakness. Although Drs. Guillain and Barre have continued to be included in the syndrome's eponym, Dr. Strohl has been forgotten despite having strongly contributed to the original paper. The reasons previously mentioned for Dr. Strohl's absence appear trivial in contemporary practice and thus, his name deserves to be reintroduced to Guillain-Barre-Strohl Syndrome.
Intrarenal injection of mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice - a pilot study.

The current project is to explore feasibility of direct intra-renal injection of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice. The treatment prot...
Assessing the impact of resuscitation residents on the treatment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients.

Abstract Background The management of cardiac arrest patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential aspect of emergency medicine (EM) training. At our institution, we have a 1-month Resuscitation Rotation designed to augment resident training in managing critical patients. The objective of this study is to compare 30-day mortality between cardiac arrest patients with resuscitation resident (RR) involvement versus patients without. Our secondary outcome is to determine if RR involvement altered rates of initiating targeted temperature management (TTM). Methods This study was conducted at a single site tertiary care Level-1 trauma center with an Emergency Department (ED) census of nearly 130,000 visits per year. Data was collected from 01/01/2015 to 01/01/2018 using electronic medical records via query. Patients admitted with cardiac arrest were separated into two groups, one with RR involvement and one without. Initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VFIB/VTACH), 30-day mortality, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), and initiation of TTM were compared. Statistical analysis was performed. Results Out of 885 patient encounters, 91 (10.28%) had RR participation. There was no statistical difference in 30-day mortality between patients with RR involvement compared to those without (71.42% vs 66.36%; P = 0.3613). However, TTM was initiated more in the RR group (20.70% vs 8.86%; P = 0.0025). Patients who received TTM also had a lower 30-day mortality compared to those without TTM (52.94% vs 70.87%; P = 0.0020). Patients who were older and had no history of CAD were also noted to have a statistically significant higher 30-day mortality. All other variables were not statistically significant. Conclusion Resuscitation resident involvement with the care of cardiac arrest patients had no impact in 30-day mortality. However, the involvement of RR was associated with a statistically significant increase in the initiation of TTM. One limitation is that RR participated in 10.28% of the cases analyzed herein, thus the two arms are unbalanced in size. Future work may investigate if the increase in TTM in the RR involved cases may portend improved rates of neurologically intact survival or more rapid achievement of goal temperatures.
Physician requirements for adoption of telehealth following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

It took the advent of SARS-CoV-2, a "black swan event", to widely introduce telehealth, remote care, and virtual house calls. Prior to the epidemic (2019), the American Medical Association (AMA) conducted a routine study to compare physicians' adoption of emerging technologies to a similar survey in 2016. Most notable was a doubling in the adoption of telehealth/virtual technology to 28% and increases in the use of remote monitoring and management for improved care (13-22%). These results may now seem insignificant when compared to the unprecedented surge in telehealth visits because of SARS-CoV-2. Even as this surge levels off and begins to decline, many observers believe we will continue to see a persistent increase in the use of virtual visits compared to face-to-face care. The requirements for adoption communicated by physicians in both the 2016 and 2019 surveys are now more relevant than ever: Is remote care as effective as in-person care and how best to determine when to use these modalities? How do I safeguard my patients and my practice from liability and privacy concerns? How do I optimize using these technologies in my practice and, especially integration with my EHR and workflows to improve efficiency? And how will a mix of virtual and in-person visits affect practice revenue and sustainability? Consumers have also expressed concerns about payment for virtual visits as well as privacy and quality of care. If telehealth and remote care are here to stay, continuing to track their impact during the current public health emergency is critically important to address so that policymakers and insurers will take necessary steps to ensure that the "new normal" will reflect a health care delivery model that can provide comparable or improved results today and into the future.
Association between emergency department pediatric readiness and transfer of noninjured children in small rural hospitals

Purpose Pediatric readiness scores may be a useful measure of a hospital's preparedness to care for children. However, there is limited evidence linking these scores with patient outcomes or other metrics, including the need for interfacility transfer. This study aims to determine the association of pediatric readiness scores with the odds of interfacility transfer among a cohort of noninjured children ( Methods Data from the National Pediatric Readiness Project assessment were linked with the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development's ED and inpatient databases to conduct a cross-sectional study of pediatric interfacility transfers. Hospitals were manually matched between these data sets. Logistic regression was performed with random intercepts for hospital and adjustment for patient-level confounders. Findings A total of 54 hospitals and 135,388 encounters met the inclusion criteria. EDs with a high pediatric readiness score (>70) had lower adjusted odds of transfer (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.93) than EDs with a low pediatric readiness score (≤ 70). The pediatric readiness section with strongest association with transfer was the "policies, procedures, and protocols" section; EDs in the highest quartile had lower odds of transfer than EDs in the lowest quartile (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.91). Conclusions Pediatric patients presenting to EDs at small rural hospitals with high pediatric readiness scores may be less likely to be transferred. Additional studies are recommended to investigate other pediatric outcomes in relation to hospital ED pediatric readiness.
Endovascular Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) may lead to new or worsening hepatic encephalopathy (HE), especially in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients with medically refractory HE (rHE) may benefit from endovascular interventions. In this review, we briefly describe the post-TIPS and SPSS vascular anatomy, pathophysiology, classification, factors associated with HE, and the medical management of HE. In addition, we will discuss current endovascular techniques for HE management, their advantages, disadvantages, and review of the current literature.