cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined hemodynamic effects of nifedipine and nitroglycerin in congestive heart failure

To determine if the addition of preload reduction with nitrates would potentiate the acute vasodilator actions of nifedipine, we titered intravenous nitroglycerin in seven patients with severe congestive heart failure after they received a single oral dose of nifedipine. The peak hemodynamic effect of nifedipine occurred at 30 minutes, with large reductions of systemic vascular resistance (1831 +/- 128 to 1132 +/- 154 dynes X sec X cm-5; p less than 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (87 +/- 7 to 71 +/- 7 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). This was associated with an increase of stroke volume index from 22 +/- 3 to 27 +/- 3 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01) but no significant changes in heart rate, right atrial pressure, or pulmonary wedge pressure. These hemodynamic changes were attenuated over a 2-hour observation period. At 2 hours, the addition of intravenous nitroglycerin resulted in large reductions in right atrial pressure (9 +/- 2 to 6 +/- 1; p less than 0.01) and pulmonary wedge pressure (23 +/- 2 to 17 +/- 2; p less than 0.001). This was associated with further increases in cardiac index (from 1.99 +/- .15 to 2.25 +/- .14 L/min/m2; p less than 0.001) and stroke volume index (26 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 3 ml/m2; p less than 0.01). Thus, the addition of nitroglycerin to nifedipine will optimize preload reduction and enhance the vasodilator action of nifedipine. Further controlled studies are necessary to determine the long-term hemodynamic effects and the clinical role of nifedipine and its combination with nitrates in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Glide: a new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 1. Method and assessment of docking accuracy.

Unlike other methods for docking ligands to the rigid 3D structure of a known protein receptor, Glide approximates a complete systematic search of the conformational, orientational, and positional space of the docked ligand. In this search, an initial rough positioning and scoring phase that dramatically narrows the search space is followed by torsionally flexible energy optimization on an OPLS-AA nonbonded potential grid for a few hundred surviving candidate poses. The very best candidates are further refined via a Monte Carlo sampling of pose conformation; in some cases, this is crucial to obtaining an accurate docked pose. Selection of the best docked pose uses a model energy function that combines empirical and force-field-based terms. Docking accuracy is assessed by redocking ligands from 282 cocrystallized PDB complexes starting from conformationally optimized ligand geometries that bear no memory of the correctly docked pose. Errors in geometry for the top-ranked pose are less than 1 A in nearly ha...
Recent Art Forgeries: Detection by Carbon-14 Measurements

THE faking of paintings is centuries old. Respectable imitation in the 15th and 16th centuries was followed by more profitable and now flourishing forgery1. Although sophisticated scientific techniques have been applied to problems of authentication2, most of these methods are concerned with the detection of forgeries of works 200 or more years old. The present trend, however, is to forge works of the late 19th century. There are some obvious advantages from the forgers' point of view: artists' materials typical of the period are still available, the production of work in a modern style is easier and less time consuming because very great age is troublesome to fake and, because prices are lower, less care is taken in examination and analysis before purchase.
Human P2Y1 Receptor: Molecular Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis as Tools To Identify Agonist and Antagonist Recognition Sites

The molecular basis for recognition by human P2Y1 receptors of the novel, competitive antagonist 2‘-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3‘,5‘-bisphosphate (MRS 2179) was probed using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling. The potency of this antagonist was measured in mutant receptors in which key residues in the transmembrane helical domains (TMs) 3, 5, 6, and 7 were replaced by Ala or other amino acids. The capacity of MRS 2179 to block stimulation of phospholipase C promoted by 2-methylthioadenosine 5‘-diphosphate (2-MeSADP) was lost in P2Y1 receptors having F226A, K280A, or Q307A mutations, indicating that these residues are critical for the binding of the antagonist molecule. Mutation of the residues His132, Thr222, and Tyr136 had an intermediate effect on the capacity of MRS 2179 to block the P2Y1 receptor. These positions therefore appear to have a modulatory role in recognition of this antagonist. F131A, H277A, T221A, R310K, or S317A mutant receptors exhibited an apparent affinity for MRS 2179 tha...
Court Leadership in Transition: Fast Forward Toward the Year 2000

The political social, and economic environment is crying out for those who can lead, manage, and create with dignity, sensitivity, and integrity on the local, state, and federal levels. It is essential that the "people in the trenches" re-invent the courts. And, it is a fundamental requirement that they re-invent a leadership style based on a rational-and-feeling-integrated-design grounded in a judicial system that will continue to take the lead in effectively nurturing the foundations of constitutional democracy. Judicial and managerial leadership is the critical element in fostering quality performance, productivity, and effectiveness in the 1990s and beyond. In this period of cutback management, downsizing, and cost-containment in the public sector, everyone has become interested in strategic projections. The academic and management guru tomes on theoretical fixes grow both in volume and abstruseness as the years pass. And yet, the really strange thing is that everyone seems to be talking about, intellectualizing about, and philosophizing about strategic leadership, while very few organizations are doing it. Surely leadership of organizations is a complex and multifaceted concept. In these decades of rapid change it sometimes leads to great confusion, fear, and disorientation because leaders do not communicate exactly where they want their organizations to be in the next 3, 5, or 10 years. The processes of strategic visioning are foreign to leaders who are frightened of change or who have never been held accountable for managing the transformation of organizations in a systematic framework. And since many public leaders have not anchored strategic management into the cultural and contextual bowels of their respective organizations, the result many times ends up in endless debate, academic nonsense, useless paper-pushing exercises, bureaucratic warfare, and/or the intrusion of outsiders who force changes over the comatose bodies of the lackluster, backward-looking leaders. Despite these realities of organizational dislocations, individuals in every organization I enter, either as a consultant or a researcher, tell me that their
The effects of induced cold torpor on ATPase activity of the turtle, Pseudemys (Chrysemys) picta.

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of cold torpor on the Mg2+- and DNP-stimulated ATPase activities of turtle heart mitochondria was investigated. 2. 2. At pH 7·4, Arrhenius plots of both activities showed a discontinuity at 30°C with E a ' s ‡ of the Mg2+-ATPase's activity being 7·5 kcal mode−1 (10–30°C) and 5·6 kcal mole−1 (30–40°C), while those of the DNP-ATPase's activity were 12·5 kcal mole−1 (10–30°C) and 6·5 kcal mole−1 (30–40°C). 3. 3. Activity rates were reduced 33–50 per cent after a month of cold exposure. 4. 4. At pH 8·5, Arrhenius plots were discontinuous at 20°C, with activation energies (10–20°C) being doubled over those measured at pH 7·4. 5. 5. A discussion is presented regarding the physiological significance of these observations.
Pleural body cavity-based lymphoma

We report a case of recurrent body cavity-based non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with bilateral pleural effusions, without evidence of an associated tumor mass. The lymphoma cells were large and pleomorphic, lacking pan-T- and pan-B-cell markers, but expressing activation markers (CD30, CD38, and HLA-DR). The purpose of this article is to discuss the radiological-pathological correlation of body cavity-based lymphoma with a review of the entities that should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with malignant pleural effusions.
Combination Therapy With an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and a Calcium Channel Blocker

More than 1 medication is required in many hypertensive patients to reach blood pressure (BP) goals, and initial treatment with 2 agents has been recommended for patients whose BP level is >20/10 mm Hg above target. Diuretics reduce BP levels and the incidence of target organ complications and together with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers, which are recommended in patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, or diabetes, are effective antihypertensive combinations. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are also effective antihypertensive agents, and evidence suggests that a CCB/ACEI combination is well tolerated and also decreases the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Some evidence suggests that this combination may improve endothelial function more than either agent alone, and its use could potentially lead to better cardiovascular outcomes than a diuretic/ACEI or diuretic/ARB combination. The ongoing Avoiding Cardiovascular Events Through Combination Therapy in Patients Living With Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial compares these 2 effective combinations (ie, an ACEI/diuretic and ACEI/CCB) as initial treatment for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in older high-risk hypertensive patients. The results of this trial, when reported, should help to clarify the relative benefits of these different therapies.
Effects of solute concentration on the entrapment of solutes in phospholipid vesicles prepared by freeze-thaw extrusion

Abstract Phospholipid vesicles prepared by the freeze-thaw extrusion method contain internal solute concentrations which are much higher than the external values (entrapment ratios ⪢ 1). This concentrating effect is a complex function of the total impermeant solute concentration in the medium used to prepare vesicles, the presence or absence of permeant solutes in the medium and the apparent competitive binding interactions between solutes and phospholipid. Increases in water phase solute concentration during freezing are thought to underlie the concentrating phenomenon, while osmotic pressure driven lysis of vesicles during thawing appears to limit its magnitude. By judicious selection of solute concentration and physical properties, further increases in the entrapment ratio should be obtainable, improving the usefulness of these vesicles as drug delivery vesicles and experimental systems.
Hybrid 30S ribosomal particles reconstituted from components of different bacterial origins.

Functional 30S ribosomal subunits can be reconstructed from the 16S ribosomal RNA of one species of bacteria and the ribosomal proteins from a distantly related species.
Chocolate Chip Cookies as a Teaching Aid

Getting and retaining the attention of students in an introductory statistics course can be a challenge, and poor motivation or outright fear of mathematical concepts can hinder learning. By using an example as familiar and comforting as chocolate chip cookies, the instructor can make a variety of statistical concepts come to life for the students, greatly enhancing learning.
General model for the steady-state melting of spin-polarized 3He.

A model describing the rapid melting of spin-polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ for the transient production of polarized liquid is introduced which has as a free parameter the fraction of solid in effective-spin diffusive contact with the liquid. Results are a continuum of melting trajectories which have equal polarizations versus equal equivalent fields for the bulk phases during the melting as the extremes for melting of an initially totally solid sample. The best fit to our recent 8-T melting experiment assumes 2%\char21{}4% surface solid and an enhanced magnetic susceptibility at moderate polarization.
Lamotrigine for bipolar disorder and comorbid cocaine dependence: A replication and extension study

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder (BPD) is associated with high rates of substance abuse. We previously reported favorable results with lamotrigine in 30 patients with BPD and cocaine dependence. This report examines lamotrigine therapy in an additional 32 cocaine dependent patients. Data on these 32 participants are presented as a replication study. In addition, we extend the previous findings by combining data from both groups, and by exploring predictors of response. Method Participants received a baseline evaluation and assessment for up to 36 weeks with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD 17 ), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS 18 ), and Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ). Urine samples were obtained, and participants reported drug use during the previous week. Results In the replication sample ( n = 32), significant improvements were observed in HRSD 17 , YMRS, BPRS 18 , and CCQ (baseline to exit), as well as on dollars/week spent on cocaine. In the extension study, the original sample ( n = 30) and the replication sample ( n = 32) were combined for a total of 62 participants in the intent-to-treat sample. HRSD 17 , YMRS, BPRS 18 , and CCQ scores, as well as dollars spent on cocaine, decreased significantly. Limitations The study has an open-label, uncontrolled design. Conclusion Lamotrigine treatment was associated with significant improvements in mood, drug craving, and drug use. Controlled trials are needed.
Networking between Research and Service Delivery

This paper reviews the impediments to the adoption of new models of service delivery, as those impediments are seen in the field of drug abuse. The paper further explores strategies for overcoming those obstacles with a particular view toward the translation of research materials to a language and format appropriate to the field of service delivery. Issues in the study of competing strategies of knowledge transfer are also explored.
QUANTIFYING SPATIAL PATTERN WITH EVENNESS INDICES

Quantifying the spatial distributions of organisms in simple and meaningful ways is important for understanding the ecology and habitat needs of species subject to anthropogenic disturbances. Most multi-species conservation and management programs do not yet account for the variation of space-use patterns exhibited by species preferring the same habitat type. To measure species' space-use patterns as a step toward determining habitat needs, we suggest using evenness indices. Although commonly used in characterizing communities (i.e., as a measure of species diversity), these indices are suitable for characterizing many other ecological patterns, including patterns of site use by individuals. We investigate the statistical properties of five indices (Camargo's index of evenness, E′; Simpson's index of evenness, E1/D; Lloyd's index of mean crowding, J; Smith-Wilson index Evar; and Dispersion index, DL, a variant of the Shannon diversity index) to evaluate their utility for quantifying broad-scale spatial p...
Convection model for stratus cloud over a warm water surface

A numerical model is developed to simulate convective stratus cloud formation over the sea. The model is based on quasi-steady state moist plumes advecting over an area of increasing sea-surface temperature with the sea warmer than the air, but it is also a good approximation for non-steady states whenever the model is matched to air-sea temperature differences. Combining the effects of upward transfer of heat and moisture fluxes as well as adiabatic cooling, stratus cloud forms and spreads downward in this field. The depth of the convective field, the sea surface temperature gradient, the liquid water content at cloud top, and the horizontal pressure gradient are the four controlling parameters for the convective field. Alternatively, the wind speed, air-sea temperature difference, and the mixing ratio of the air, derived variables in this treatment, can be taken, with the depth, as the basic parameters.
Who is the top dog in ant communities? Resources, parasitoids, and multiple competitive hierarchies

A wide variety of animal communities are organized into interspecific dominance hierarchies associated with the control and harvest of food resources. Interspecific dominance relationships are commonly found to be linear. However, dominance relations within communities can form a continuum ranging from intransitive networks to transitive, linear dominance hierarchies. How interference competition affects community structure depends on the configuration of the dominance interactions among the species. This study explores how resource size and the trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) specialist phorid fly parasitoids exert on interference competition, affect the transitive nature of competitive interactions in an assemblage of woodland ants. I quantify the linearity of networks of interactions associated with large and small food resources in the presence and absence of phorid parasitoids. Two distinct, significantly linear dominance hierarchies exist within the ant assemblage depending on the size of the disputed resource. However, the presence of phorid fly parasitoids eliminates the linearity of both dominance hierarchies. The host's phorid defense behaviors reduce the competitive asymmetries between the host and its subdominant competitors, increasing the indeterminacy in the outcome of competitive interactions. Thus, both resource size variation and phorid-induced TMIEs appear to facilitate coexistence in assemblages of scavenging ants.
A method to quantify the fiber kinematics of planar tissues under biaxial stretch

We have developed a method for measuring fiber kinematics in two-dimensional soft collagenous tissues. The technique combines small-angle light scattering (SALS) and biaxial stretch controlled by simultaneous optical strain measurement. Preliminary findings on porcine aortic valve leaflets and bovine pericardium indicate that fiber kinematics are highly tissue specific and are generally non-affine. The mobility of the fibers within each tissue seems to be specialized to perform a distinct physiological function. Quantitative knowledge of a tissue's angular fiber distribution and its transformation during biaxial stretch is critical for microstructural modeling of planar tissues. Our results underscore the importance of measuring fiber kinematics for each specific tissue type that is to be modeled.
Normal mode approach to modelling of feedback stabilization of the resistive wall mode

Feedback stabilization of the resistive wall mode (RWM) of a plasma in a general feedback configuration is formulated in terms of the normal modes of the plasma-resistive wall system. The growth/damping rates and the eigenfunctions of the normal modes are determined by an extended energy principle for the plasma during its open (feedback) loop operation. A set of equations are derived for the time evolution of these normal modes with currents in the feedback coils. The dynamics of the feedback system is completed by the prescription of the feedback logic. The feasibility of the feedback is evaluated by using the Nyquist diagram method or by solving the characteristic equations. The elements of the characteristic equations are formed from the growth and damping rates of the normal modes, the sensor matrix of the perturbation fluxes detected by the sensor loops, the excitation matrix of the energy input to the normal modes by the external feedback coils, and the feedback logic. (The RWM is also predicted to be excited by an external error field to a large amplitude when it is close to marginal stability.) This formulation has been implemented numerically and applied to the DIII-D tokamak. It is found that feedback with poloidal sensors is much more effective than feedback with radial sensors. Using radial sensors, increasing the number of feedback coils from a central band on the outboard side to include an upper and a lower band can substantially increase the effectiveness of the feedback system. The strength of the RWM that can be stabilized is increased from γτw = 1 to 30 (γ is the growth rate of the RWM in the absence of feedback and τw is the resistive wall time constant) Using poloidal sensors, just one central band of feedback coils is sufficient for the stabilization of the RWM with γτw = 30.
Prone position is associated with mild cerebral oxygen desaturation in elderly surgical patients.

Purpose A variety of hemodynamic and respiratory alterations accompany patients in the prone position; however the effect of the prone position on intraoperative cerebral saturation has not been studied. We sought to examine whether the incidence of cerebral oxygen desaturation in elderly patients (≥68 years of age) undergoing spine surgery in the prone position was more common than patients undergoing major surgery in the supine position. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 205 patients; 63 patients underwent surgery in the prone position and 142 in the supine position. Patients were evaluated for cerebral desaturation with bilateral cerebral oximetry. The primary predictor was position, secondary were: length of the surgery, incidence and duration of cerebral desaturation episodes at several thresholds, average time of Bispectral index below threshold of 45 in minutes, average electroencephalogram suppression ratio >0, amount of blood transfused, and the incidence of hypotension and hypertension. Results Elderly spine surgery patients in the prone position were more than twice as likely to experience mild cerebral desaturation as patients in the supine position. Patients in the prone position had longer surgeries; however cerebral desaturation in the prone position was significantly more common even when adjusted for surgery time and the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension. Conclusion Cerebral desaturation is related to the prone position in elderly surgery patients. Future studies are necessary to determine whether this translates to a higher incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium.
Computational genetic neuroanatomy of the developing mouse brain: dimensionality reduction, visualization, and clustering

The structured organization of cells in the brain plays a key role in its functional efficiency. This delicate organization is the consequence of unique molecular identity of each cell gradually established by precise spatiotemporal gene expression control during development. Currently, studies on the molecular-structural association are beginning to reveal how the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns are related to cellular differentiation and structural development. In this article, we aim at a global, data-driven study of the relationship between gene expressions and neuroanatomy in the developing mouse brain. To enable visual explorations of the high-dimensional data, we map the in situ hybridization gene expression data to a two-dimensional space by preserving both the global and the local structures. Our results show that the developing brain anatomy is largely preserved in the reduced gene expression space. To provide a quantitative analysis, we cluster the reduced data into groups and measure the consistency with neuroanatomy at multiple levels. Our results show that the clusters in the low-dimensional space are more consistent with neuroanatomy than those in the original space. Gene expression patterns and developing brain anatomy are closely related. Dimensionality reduction and visual exploration facilitate the study of this relationship.
LINUS: A structured language for instructional use

One of the crucial decisions in organizing a first course in computer science is the choice of a programming language. Although there is considerable variance of opinion as to what the ideal language should be, two main approaches can be delineated. The first approach stresses the necessity of learning the dominant scientific language, which in the Americas amounts to a vote for Fortran (2). The practicality of this choice is as indisputable as the awkwardness of the syntax of that language. The alternative view stresses the importance of the program structure in developing a sound sense of “algorithmic thinking”. Proponents of this view would suggest Algol W (4) or perhaps Pascal (5). We contend that both approaches have important advantages. This paper explores an approach which attempts to maximize the benefits of both.
Duty-Free: The Non-Obligatory Nature of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

In this issue of American Journal of Bioethics, we feature an interesting debate over whether couples at risk of serious genetic disease have some obligation to undergo Preimplantation Genetic Diag...
Daily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness

Emotional well-being is most typically studied in trait or trait-like terms, yet a growing literature indicates that daily (within-person) fluctuations in emotional well-being may be equally important. The present research explored the hypothesis that daily variations may be understood in terms of the degree to which three basic needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—are satisfied in daily activity. Hierarchical linear models were used to examine this hypothesis across 2 weeks of daily activity and well-being reports controlling for trait-level individual differences. Results strongly supported the hypothesis. The authors also examined the social activities that contribute to satisfaction of relatedness needs. The best predictors were meaningful talk and feeling understood and appreciated by interaction partners. Finally, the authors found systematic day-of-the-week variations in emotional well-being and need satisfaction. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of daily activities and...
Fine structure of the proteinaceous substance in sieve tubes

The dense pore-filling substance in the sieve plates of dicotyledons seems to consist of fibrils, rather than systems of membranes.
DOA estimation error and resolution loss in linear sensor array

In order to estimate the direction of signal arrival (DOA) precisely, array of sensors is widely used to enhance resolution and accuracy of the results. For subspace-based algorithms, array sensors' position error may severely influence the estimation result since it changes the array in manifold. In this paper, we provide an improved DOA estimation method for general linear sensor array so that the effect of position error is minimized. We analytically present the relationship between sensor position error and the array's minimum resolution. Simulation results show that the new method does enhance the accuracy of the DOA estimation and the array resolution is determined by both the number of array sensors and the position error.
Nanoclay and long-fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy and phenolic resins

In this study, high-performance thermoset polymer composites are synthesized by using both long fibers and nanoclays. Epoxy and phenolic resins, the two most important thermoset polymers, are used as the polymer matrix. The hydrophobic epoxy resin is mixed with surface modified nanoclay, while the hydrophilic phenolic resin is mixed with unmodified raw nanoclay to form nanocomposites. Long carbon fibers are also added into the nanocomposites to produce hybrid composites. Mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized composites are compared with both long-fiber-reinforced composites and polymer- layered silicate composites. The optimal conditions of sample preparation and processing are also investigated to achieve the best properties of the hybrid composites. It is found that mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy and phenolic nanocomposites can be substantially improved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Bacteria, Antibiotics and Amino Acid Incorporation into Maize Endosperm Protein Bodies

The incorporation of C(14)-leucine into protein bodies isolated from developing maize endosperm was studied. Protein bodies which incorporated significant amounts of C(14)-leucine were found to be contaminated with bacteria, while protein bodies prepared with sterile techniques incorporated C(14)-leucine at very low rates.Streptomycin, penicillin, puromycin, and actinomycin did not completely inhibit the bacterial incorporation, while chloramphenicol was an effective inhibitor.
Does behaviorism explain self-control?

Rachlin's hyperbolic-discounting model captures basic features of the subtlety of human impulsiveness and self-control and has received convincing experimental support. His distinction between self-control patterns and impulsive acts expands his earlier work to a greater range of self-control behaviors. Possible mechanisms that may weaken or strengthen patterns of self-control are considered.
Intestinal transplantation: advances in immunosuppression and surgical techniques

Campath-1H is being used as induction immunosuppression for intestinal/multivisceral transplantation. Patient and graft survival in this preliminary experience is similar to previous studies but there has been a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of acute rejections without increase of opportunistic infections. Collage of the abdominal wall (transplantation of a composite graft of the abdominal wall) can provide biologic coverage of the newly transplanted abdominal organs if necessary. Partial abdominal exenteration, ex vivo resection, and intestinal autotransplantation may be useful in removing otherwise unresectable lesions of the root of the mesentery.
Dynamic Rheological Properties of Mozzarella Cheese During Refrigerated Storage

Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese were determined at 10 and 207C during 1 mo of refrigerated aging. At both temperatures, G' was always greater than G". Averaged over aging, G' increased from 90 to 630 and G" from 44 to 52 kPa at 107C, and at 207C G' increased from 28 to 190 and G" from 14 to 53 kPa for the frequency range 0.005‐20 Hz. Averaged over frequency, both G' and G" decreased about 20% at 107C and 25% at 207C during aging. Relaxation spectrum, computed from shear relaxation data, was used to calculate the G'. The calculated values of G' were in good agreement with those determined experimentally. These data help predict and compare melting behaviors of such cheeses.
Phosphorus accumulation in automotive catalysts

Abstract Steady-state, accelerated phosphorus accumulation experiments were conducted using a multistage integral reactor which was mounted on an engine dynamometer system. Electron microprobe studies showed that the phosphorus accumulation process is controlled by pore diffusion and that the phosphorus tends to form a monolayer over the pore surfaces of the poisoned band in the catalyst pellets. Excellent agreement was found between the experimental results and a progressive shell-type poison accumulation model.
Luminescence, absorption, and Stern-Volmer studies of cerium chloride and nitrate compounds in acidic and neutral aqueous, and non-aqueous solutions.

Abstract Complexation of cerium chloride and nitrate in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions as well as in anhydrous alcohol solutions were investigated using emission, excitation, and absorption spectroscopic techniques. In aqueous solution cerium chloride shows a strong, and broad emission centering at 365 nm. The excitation spectra are observed at 266 and 296 nm with the shorter wavelength showing the highest intensity. Cerium chloride compound also strongly emits in methanol (MeOH), where the broad emission spectrum is red shifted by ∼10–375 nm. The excitation spectrum in MeOH shows bands at 255 and 309 nm, respectively with the longer wavelength band (at 309 nm) dominating. The relative intensities of these two excitation bands are reversed in protic aqueous solution. In contrast, solutions of cerium nitrate are only weakly luminescent in aqueous media, while the emission is totally quenched in MeOH solution. These observations indicate that the spectral profiles are largely influenced by the extent of inner-sphere coordination and the type of the dominant species in solutions. Both nitrate and chloride anions show enhanced inner-sphere coordination in MeOH when compared with that of the aqueous media. However, enhanced inner-sphere complexation of the NO 3 - ion quenches the emission, while the reverse effect is observed upon Cl− coordination. Stern–Volmer studies provide quenching constant, Ksv, value of 577 M−1. The calculated rate constant kr is 1.3 × 1010 M−1 s−1 indicating diffusion controlled bimolecular process as the major mode of interaction.
Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates surface marker expression for antigen presentation and costimulation in murine macrophages

Abstract Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) is the most abundant lipid extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TDM promotes MTB survival by decreasing phagosomal acidification and phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. Delipidation of MTB using petroleum ether removes TDM and decreases MTB survival within host cells. TDM reconstituted onto MTB restores its virulent wild-type characteristics. We investigated the role of TDM in regulating surface marker expression in MTB-infected macrophages. Macrophages were infected with wild-type, delipidated, and TDM-reconstituted MTB for 24 h and measured for changes in surface marker expression. TDM on MTB was found to specifically target MHCII, CD1d, CD40, CD80 and CD86. Both wild-type and TDM-reconstituted MTB suppressed or induced no change in expression of these surface markers, whereas delipidated MTB increased expression of the same markers. MTB-infected macrophages were also overlaid with MHCII-restricted T cell hybridomas which recognize Antigen 85B. Macrophages infected by wild-type and TDM-reconstituted MTB did not present antigen as well as delipidated MTB-infected macrophages. The evidence shown furthers supports the notion that TDM present on MTB promotes its survival and persistence in host macrophages.
Integrated Description: A Qualitative Method for an Evidence-Based World

Integrated description is a phenomenological research method that brings qualitative and quantitative findings together in a way that balances the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. However, this approach is not merely a mixture of methods as it begins with a phenomenologically derived general structure of an experience or phenomenon and ends by confirming the validity of this structure via traditional empirical measures. This method has been applied to the research and clinical settings with reasonable success. For example, the approach has produced results that are used in mainstream psychological journals and textbooks, demonstrating that humanistic work can stand on its own and yet give voice to mainstream psychology. To demonstrate its character, the article begins with a review of a particular application of the method in the area of self-esteem. The conclusion focuses on how integrated description could help strengthen the humanistic contribution to mainstream psychology even in regard to t...
Massive diltiazem overdose

Abstract Diltiazem is a calcium antagonist used in the treatment of angina, hypertension and some tachyarrhythmias. It has negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and is negatively inotropic. It also reduces systemic vascular resistance by arterial smooth muscle relaxation. There is limited experience in the management of a massive diltiazem overdose that can be fatal. 1–3 The present case, in which the patient survived, involves one of the largest diltiazem overdoses described.
Crystal structure of 1:1 gadolinium/ytterbium orthophosphate

Abstract The crystal structure of 1:1 gadolinium/ytterbium orthophosphate has been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound is isostructural with the pure lanthanide orthophosphates having the zircon structure. The crystal system is tetragonal, space group I 4 1 / amd ( D 4h 19 , No. 141), with a =6.865(2) and c =6.004(2) rho; . A full-matrix least-squares refinement of the structure yielded an R -factor of 0.0554. The Gd and Yb atoms share the lanthanide-atom site, with a fifty-percent occupancy for each ion, and the lanthanide (Ln) atoms are eight-coordinated to oxygen atoms, with two unique LnO bond distances (2.279 and 2.381 rho; ). Each of these distinct lengths are tetrahedrally oriented orthogonal to each other, forming a resultant dodecahedral polyhedron ( D 2 h ).
Partial Restoration of the Cardiac KCNQ1 Mutant A341V by the KCNE1 Auxiliary Subunit

Dysfunction of the cardiac potassium channel, IKs, can lead to the prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, a potentially life-threatening condition known as the long QT syndrome (LQTS). The IKs consists of a pore-forming subunit, encoded by KCNQ1, and an auxiliary subunit, encoded by KCNE1. One of the most common mutations associated with the inherited form of LQTS is the substitution of an alanine residue to a valine at position 341 in KCNQ1. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the KCNE1 subunit on the A341V mutant. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record current from transiently transfected HL-1 cells, a cardiac cell line derived from mouse atrial cells. In contrast to the non-functional A341V, the cotransfection of A341V with KCNE1 (A341V+KCNE1) resulted in a functional channel. Though the resultant current was qualitatively similar to that of native IKs, A341V+KCNE1 resulted in a significantly smaller mean current density, longer time to half-activation and a rightward shifted voltage dependence of activation with a steeper slope than the wild-type KCNQ1+KCNE1. To determine whether the observed functional restoration of A341V by KCNE1 involved trafficking of the mutant construct, HL-1 cells were transfected with a GFP-tagged A341V with and without KCNE1 and visualized by confocal microscopy. No differences in the expression pattern of A341V in the absence or presence of KCNE1 were observed. Thus, the partial functional restoration by KCNE1 was not due to trafficking of A341V to the sarcolemma. To confirm that KCNE1 functionally rescued A341V, a mutant KCNE1, T58A that prevents the interaction of KCNE1 with KCNQ1, was cotransfected with A341V. T58A was unable to functionally restore A341V. Our studies showed an intriguing ability of KCNE1 to functionally rescue an LQTS-associated KCNQ1 mutant.
Syringomyelia in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) : imaging findings following bone marrow transplantation

We present the imaging findings in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) who developed holocord syringomyelia. This represents the only reported case of syrinx formation in a child with MPS VI. Clinical, neurologic and spinal magnetic resonance imaging findings are presented. The patient has maintained a stable clinical and neurologic course over the period following allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
Gibberellin-deficient dwarfs in potato vary in exogenous GA3 response when thega 1 allele is in different genetic backgrounds

Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in internode elongation and other important processes such as seed germination, flowering, maturation, tuberization, and tuber dormancy. The discovery of GA-deficient mutants enabled further study of the role of these hormones in many plant processes. GA-deficient mutants lack the ability to produce adequate amounts of gibberellin for normal growth, resulting in a rosette type growth and short internodes. Thega 1 mutant allele was introduced into various genetic backgrounds including differentSolanum species and ploidies. Diploid GA-deficient genotypes were obtained by crossing haploidSolanum tuberosum ssp.andigena withSolanum chacoense. The progeny was then bulked and intermated to produce F2 individuals. Tetraploid GA-deficient genotypes were obtained by crossingS. tuberosum ssp.andigena withSolanum sucrense and withSolanum gourlayi. The two resulting progenies were then bulked and intermated. Diploid and tetraploid GA-deficient genotypes were grown on MS media containing different levels of gibberellin (GA3). Plant height and visual observations were made as a way to assess the response of these genotypes to GA3. Concentration of 0.1 µM GA3 and lower failed to restore normal plant height in both diploid and tetraploid genotypes. Normal plant height was restored in most of the GA-deficient genotypes when concentrations between 0.8 and 1.2 µM GA3 were used. We found some important differences between these genotypes: (1) the level of GA3 to restore normal plant height varies among the GA-deficient genotypes, some needed more GA3 than others to grow normally; (2) the time to respond to the presence of GA3 in the media differs between the GA-deficient genotypes, (3) tetraploid genotypes exhibited normal growth and internode length in response to GA3, while diploid genotypes tended to show a rosette-type growth at the apical end. These results suggest thatga 1 mutants can be affected by a series of modifier genes and/or iso-alleles. The importance of variable response to GA among dwarf individuals is two fold: (1) experiments measuring GA response should choose and clonally multiply one genotype to ensure uniform optimal response to GA application; and (2) variation betweenga 1 mutant phenotypes could be used to characterize GA-response modifier genes.
Why ring regenerative amplification (regen)

We show that ring cavity regenerative amplifiers (regens) have distinct advantages over the linear ones for applications in chirped pulse amplification. Larger energy, better contrast and better isolation from the oscillator are experimentally demonstrated.
Cost based planning with RRT in outdoor environments

The Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm can be applied to the robotic path planning problem and performs well in challenging, dynamic domains. Traditional RRT methods use a binary cost function and they select portions of the tree for expansion based on the Euclidean distance to the target. However, in outdoor navigation, the relative cost of terrain can also provide useful input to a planning algorithm that traditional RRT methods cannot take advantage of. We present the Metric Adaptive RRT (MA-RRT), which integrates planning and fast execution for generating paths over a cost map. The MA-RRT algorithm considers underlying cost of a path when calculating the distance function for tree expansion. A heuristic value is also used for determining distance from a point to the target and an adaptive mechanism is employed for adjusting the heuristic on-line. We have implemented our approach in offline simulations and in outdoor robot experiments, and show that the MA-RRT algorithm can improve upon the quality of the path returned when cost is considered. The trade off between cost consideration and runtime performance is also presented.
The effect of increasing amount of glucogenic precursors on reproductive performance in young postpartum range cows

Supplementing CP and propionate salts (PS) may improve economic returns in young range beef cows by increasing the dietary supply of glucogenic precursors. A 3-yr study conducted at Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (Corona, NM) from February to mid-July in 2005 (n = 80), 2006 (n = 81), and 2007 (n = 80) evaluated days to first estrus, calf weaning weight, BW change, and metabolic responses in 2- and 3-yr-old postpartum cows grazing native range. Cows were individually fed one of three 36% CP supplement treatments after parturition, with increasing glucogenic potential (GP) supplied by RUP and PS. Supplements were isoenergetic and fed at a rate of 908 g/cow per day twice weekly. Supplementation was initiated 7 d after calving and continued for an average of 95 d. Supplement treatments provided 1) 328 g of CP, 110 g of RUP and 0 g of PS (PS0); 2) 328 g of CP, 157 g of RUP, and 40 g of PS (PS40); or 3) 329 g of CP, 158 g of RUP, and 80 g of PS (PS80). Ultimately, PS0, PS40, and PS80 provided 44, 93, and 124 g of GP, respectively. Body weight was recorded weekly and serum was collected twice weekly for progesterone analysis to estimate days to first estrus. Cows were exposed to bulls for 60 d or less beginning in mid-May. Days to first estrus exhibited a quadratic (P = 0.06) response to GP resulting from the fewest days to first estrus with the consumption of PS40. Pregnancy rates were 88, 96, and 94% for cows fed PS0, PS40, and PS80, respectively (P = 0.11). Total kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed to bulls for the supplementation and following year increased quadratically (P = 0.09). However, supplement did not affect milk composition or yield (P ≥ 0.53). Serum acetate half-life decreased linearly (P = 0.08) with increasing GP in 2007. Predicted margins were the greatest (quadratic; P = 0.03) for cows fed PS40. Even though supplement costs were greater for PS40 and PS80, cows fed PS40 had increased profits ($33.47/cow) compared with cows fed PS0 and PS80. This study implies that young postpartum cows fed additional glucogenic precursors may have improved reproductive efficiency and may wean more calf weight per cow exposed to breeding.
Effects of air-sea interaction parameters on ocean surface microwave emission at 10 and 37 GHz

WindSat, the first polarimetric radiometer on orbit, launched in January 2003, provides the promise of passive ocean wind vector retrievals on a continuous basis, simultaneous with the retrieval of many other geophysical variables such as sea surface temperature, atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and sea ice extent and concentration. WindSat also serves as risk reduction for the upcoming National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS). Since the dependence of microwave brightness temperatures on wind direction is small relative to that of other parameters such as wind speed, wind direction retrieval relies on increasingly accurate knowledge of the ocean surface microwave emission, which depends upon surface properties such as roughness and foam due to wave breaking. Coordinated near-surface measurements of ocean surface microwave emission and air-sea interaction parameters are needed to quantify the effects of the processes mentioned above in surface emission models to improve the accuracy of wind vector retrievals. Such coordinated observations were performed during the Fluxes, Air-Sea Interaction, and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) experiment conducted on the R/P Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean during the Fall of 2000. X- and Ka-band partially polarimetric radiometers were mounted at the end of the port boom of R/P FLIP to measure ocean surface emission at incidence angles of 45/spl deg/, 53/spl deg/, and 65/spl deg/. A bore-sighted video camera recorded the fractional area of foam in the field of view of the radiometers. Air-sea interaction parameters that were measured concurrently include wind speed, friction velocity, heat fluxes, and significant wave height. The measured dependence of ocean surface emissivity on wind speed and friction velocity is in good agreement with, and extends, earlier observations and empirical models based on satellite data. Concurrent radiometric measurements and fractional area foam coverage data strengthen the possibility of retrieval of sea surface foam coverage using airborne or spaceborne radiometry. The dependence of emissivity on atmospheric stability is shown to be much smaller than the dependence of emissivity on wind speed. Analysis of emissivity dependence on atmospheric stability alone was inconclusive, due to the variation in atmospheric stability with wind speed. The effect of long-wave incidence angle modulation on sea surface emissivity for near-surface measurements was found to be negligible when emissivity measurements were averaged over tens to hundreds of long waves.