cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Intensity Correlations of Light Scattered by a Thick Random Medium

Experiments with two beams scattered by a thick random medium show information about the incident wave vectors can be retrieved from a spatial correlation over source position. This observation should be useful in imaging applications.
Approximate simulation of the behavior of a class of two-degree-of-freedom systems

Abstract An approximate method for solving the equations of motion for a class of two-degree-of-freedom systems is described. Computations based on this method require less time on a digital computer than does the solution of exact equations of motion. A numerical example, showing that the method can produce accurate descriptions of behavior, is presented.
Health Promotion Cooperatives: An Alternative Delivery System for Rural Health Promotion Programs

Abstract Health Promotion increasingly is considered an essential component in the reduction of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality. In medically under served communities, especially rural regions in the western hemisphere, health promotion is an important strategy to improve health status and enable economic development. This article examines the networking strategy that was utilized to develop a rural health promotion cooperative in the southwestern portion of Ohio in the United States. Special emphasis will be given to the success of this strategy as a technique for introducing change and reducing resistance to prevention programs. The cooperative, which has been in existence since 1987, has conducted health promotion programs on tobacco reduction, alcohol education, and nutrition. The impact of these programs has been diffused in six rural counties within the region. In addition, this paper includes considerations of obstacles that were confronted, the rationale for the cooperative, adoption...
Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review

Interventions based on training in mindfulness skills are becoming increasingly popular. Mindfulness involves intentionally bringing one's attention to the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment, and is often taught through a variety of meditation exercises. This review summarizes conceptual approaches to mind-fulness and empirical research on the utility of mindfulness-based interventions. Meta-analytic techniques were incorporated to facilitate quantification of findings and comparison across studies. Although the current empirical literature includes many methodological flaws, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in the treatment of several disorders. Methodologically sound investigations are recommended in order to clarify the utility of these interventions.
The effect of increased vocal intensity on interarticulator timing in speakers with Parkinson’s disease: a preliminary analysis.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of increased vocal intensity on interarticulator timing in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Ten individuals with mild to moderate hypophonia, secondary to PD, were selected for study. Over an 8-week treatment period, multi-talker babble noise was presented monaurally to the individuals with PD during everyday communication contexts to elicit increased vocal intensity (Lombard effect). Outcome measures included sound pressure level (SPL), voice onset time (VOT), VOT ratio, percent voicing, and speech intelligibility. Results Group and individual participant responses to the treatment are reported and discussed. Speakers with PD were shown to significantly increase SPL in response to treatment. Six of the 10 speakers showed improved temporal coordination between the laryngeal and supralaryngeal mechanisms (interarticulator timing) in response to treatment. Four of the 10 speakers, however, showed reduced laryngeal–supralaryngeal timing at the end of treatment. Group speech intelligibility scores were significantly higher post-treatment as compared to pre-treatment. Conclusions Voice treatment during everyday communication resulted in improved temporal coordination across the laryngeal and supralaryngeal mechanisms for the majority of speakers with PD and made them easier to understand. Further investigations are planned to explore individual differences in response to treatment. The identification of speaker-specific voicing and devoicing strategies is consistent with the heterogeneous nature of PD. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to: 1. Describe the speech and voice characteristics of individuals with Parkinson's disease. 2. Define the Lombard effect. 3. Describe acoustic measures of voice onset time and percent voicing. 4. Describe the effect of voice treatment on voice onset time and percent voicing in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Microwave phase noise of fiber-optic links without rf amplification

The first measurements of the true residual single-sideband (SSB) phase noise of an externally modulated fiber-optic link at microwave frequencies without electronic amplification are presented. The measurement is made possible by using high-power photodetectors in the link. The fiber-optic link and measurement setup are given.
Encapsulation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk

Abstract Evidence is presented that nearly all Staphylococcus aureus infections of the bovine mammary gland are by encapsulated organisms (94% of isolates examined). This observation is based on the demonstration of diffuse growth in serum-soft agar, of cultures taken directly from mastitic milk without subculture on artificial media. Only milks containing pure cultures of S. aureus were examined. It was previously reported that only 6% had capsules. Evidence is presented that as few as 3 or 4 subcultures and/or a short storage on artificial media results in loss of encapsulation of most S. aureus of bovine origin. Antisera raised against encapsulated strains inhibit the expression of capsule formation on bacteria that are encapsulated in the presence of normal serum.
Visualization tools for data assimilation

Weather forecasts are typically produced once or twice each day. Each run usually covers several forecast periods. Over the course of the day, as measured sensor data becomes available, discrepancies between observation s and model forecasts are resolved and integrated so as to update and improve the next forecast run. The process of resolving the differences between model output and sensor measurements is known as data assimilation. Traditional methods include kriging and optimal interpolation. They involve statistical and historical information on reliability of sensor measurements, variability of the field, model resolution, initial and boundary conditions, etc. Some of the parameters of a data assimilation model are integration techniques, choice and frequency of incremental update methods, interpolation algorithms, resolution of the model grid, estimation filtering and smoothing algorithms and finite differencing schemes. All of these parameters can have a profound effect on the tendencies displayed by a forecasting model Hence, having visualization tools to display these possibly conflicting information is very useful for the scientists in quickly identifying regions of high conflict and/or regions of low confidence levels. Allowing the scientists to control the data assimilation variables can assist in constructing a protocol that is appropriate for a specific geographical region. This paper presents a suite of visualization tools to aid scientists in performing their data assimilation analyses. These tools will provide an integrated display of 3D model outputs with 0D point measurements from meteorological stations, 1D measurements from wind profilers, sonde, and floating buoys, 2D measurements from CODAR current measurements and GOES satellite feed, and, when available, 3D volume measurements from NEXRAD data. The tools provided here will help extend the 2D domain in which data assimilation is currently being performed to include analysis of the overall method as well as visualizations of the separate weather measurements.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effective information integration and reutilization: solutions to technological deficiency and legal uncertainty

The amount of information has been growing exponentially. How to effectively use this information has become a significant challenge. A post 9/11 study indicated that the deficiency of semantic interoperability technology hindered the ability to integrate information from disparate sources in a meaningful and timely fashion to allow for preventive precautions. Meanwhile, organizations that provided useful services by combining and reusing information from publicly accessible sources have been legally challenged. The Database Directive has been introduced in the European Union and six legislative proposals have been made in the U.S. to provide legal protection for noncopyrightable database contents, but they have differing and sometimes conflicting scope and strength, which creates legal uncertainty for valued-added data reuse practices. The need for clearer data reuse policy will become more acute as the technology improves to make integration much easier. We take an interdisciplinary approach to addressing technology and policy challenges. The technology component builds upon the existing Context Interchange (COIN) framework for semantic interoperability. We focus on temporal semantic heterogeneity where data sources and receivers make time-varying assumptions about data semantics. A collection of time-varying assumptions are called a temporal context. We extend the existing COIN representation formalism to explicitly represent temporal contexts, and the COIN reasoning mechanism to reconcile temporal semantic heterogeneity in the presence of semantic heterogeneity of time. We also perform a systematic evaluation of the COIN approach. Compared with several traditional approaches, the COIN approach has much greater flexibility and scalability. For the policy component, we develop an economic model that formalizes the policy instruments in one of the latest legislative proposals in the U.S. With the model, we identify the circumstances under which legal protection for non-copyrightable content is needed, the different conditions, and the corresponding policy choices. Depending on the cost level of database creation, the degree of differentiation of the reuser database, and the efficiency of policy administration, the optimal policy choice can be protecting a legal monopoly, encouraging competition via compulsory licensing, discouraging voluntary licensing, or even allowing free riding. The results are useful for formulating a socially beneficial database protection policy.
The Diagnostic Challenge of Diabetic Hands

A 36-year-old woman with a history of insulindependent diabetes mellitus since the age of 2 years was admitted to the medical intensive care unit in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis. Previous complications of her severe, long-standing diabetes included chronic renal insufficiency, peripheral arterial insufficiency necessitating left below-knee amputation for peripheral gangrene, severe diabetic retinopathy with markedly impaired visual acuity, dense peripheral neuropathy, and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Two weeks prior to admission, the patient noted a large crust on her right thumb overlying the dorsal distal phalanx. On the day of admission, she presented for evaluation of the thumb lesion, and a roentgenogram showed that she had lytic changes in the distal phalanx that were consistent with osteomyelitis. Her serum glucose concentration was noted to be 3.33 mmol/L (59 mg/dL) with positive serum ketones at a 1:2 dilution. Insulin was administered by continuous intravenous infusion, and fingerstick blood glucose concentrations were
Distributed Logic-Based Conflict Resolution of Multiple Aircraft in Planar En-Route Flight

In this paper, the problem of designing conflict-free maneuvers for planar multipleaircraft encounters in en-route flight is studied. An algorithm for automated and distributed conflict resolution for two or more aircraft is developed. The algorithm is intended for use in the future air traffic system, which may be implemented in a distributed way that permits free flight. The proposed algorithm searches several different scenarios for conflict resolutions between multiple aircraft while preventing secondary conflicts where possible. The multiple aircraft resolution algorithm generalizes the ground-based centrally coordinated pair-wise conflict resolution algorithm that was developed previously at NASA Ames Research Center. The proposed algorithm can in principle resolve a conflict involving any number of aircraft. Simulations are done for up to 5 times the current air traffic density. In these simulations conflicts between 2, 3, 4 and 5 aircraft are observed and resolved by the algorithm.
Aberrant expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinicopathological correlation in ampullary adenocarcinoma

Previous studies on the molecular alterations in ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA) are limited, and little is known about their clinical implications. The objective of this study is to examine the expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinical significance in patients with AA. Tissue microarrays were constructed using archival tissue from 92 patients with AA who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Each tumor was sampled in triplicate with a 1.0-mm punch from representative areas. The expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the staining results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. Among 92 cases studied, overexpression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was observed in 58.7%, 39.2%, 71.7%, and 5.4% of tumors, respectively. Patients whose tumor showed high level of cyclin D1 expression had higher risk of disease recurrence (P = .02) and worse recurrence-free and overall survivals after pancreaticoduodenectomy than did those with no or low cyclin D1 expression (P = .027 and P = .02, respectively). In multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free and overall survival (P .05). Our study showed that p53, p21, and cyclin D1, but not Bcl2, are frequently overexpressed in AAs. Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence and worse survival in patients with AA after resection.
Relationship Between the Medial Elbow Adduction Moment During Pitching and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Appearance During Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation

Background: Medial elbow distraction during pitching as the primary mechanism contributing to adaptations in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) appearance during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation has not been established.Hypothesis: Uninjured high school–aged pitchers with unilateral adaptations of the UCL exhibit a higher peak internal elbow adduction moment than those without UCL adaptations.Study Design: Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 2.Methods: Twenty uninjured, asymptomatic high school–aged pitchers underwent bilateral elbow MRI examinations. Three-dimensional motion analysis testing was performed to collect throwing arm biomechanics as participants pitched from an indoor mound. Nonparametric tests were performed to compare peak internal elbow adduction moment in uninjured participants with and without adaptations in UCL appearance and to determine the nature of the relationship between the peak internal adduction moment and UCL appearance.Results: Uninjured participants with UC...
MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSE TO FLOW CHANGES IN A SUBALPINE STREAM: PREDICTIONS FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS

Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are being used increasingly as alternatives to traditional one-dimensional instream flow methodologies for assessing adequacy of flow and associated faunal habitat. Two-dimensional modelling of habitat has focused primarily on fishes, but fish-based assessments may not model benthic macroinvertebrate habitat effectively. We extend two-dimensional techniques to a macroinvertebrate assemblage in a high-elevation stream in the Sierra Nevada (Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River, Yosemite National Park, CA, USA). This stream frequently flows at less than 0.03m 3 s � 1 in late summer and is representative of a common water abstraction scenario: maximum water abstraction coinciding with seasonally low flows. We used two-dimensional modelling to predict invertebrate responses to reduced flows that might result from increased abstraction. We collected site-specific field data on the macroinvertebrate assemblage, bed topography and flow conditions and then coupled a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with macroinvertebrate indices to evaluate habitat across a range of low flows. Macroinvertebrate indices were calculated for the wetted area at each flow. A surrogate flow record based on an adjacent watershed was used to evaluate frequency and duration of low flow events. Using surrogate historical records, we estimated that flow should fall below 0.071m 3 s � 1 at least 1day in 82 of 95years and below 0.028m 3 s � 1 in 48 of 95years. Invertebrate metric means indicated minor losses in response to modelled discharge reductions, but wetted area decreased substantially. Responses of invertebrates to water
Healthy Lifestyle Through Young Adulthood and the Presence of Low Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Middle Age The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) Study

Background—A low cardiovascular disease risk profile (untreated cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, never smoking, and no history of diabetes mellitus or myocardial infarction) in middle age is associated with markedly better health outcomes in older age, but few middle-aged adults have this low risk profile. We examined whether adopting a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is associated with the presence of the low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age. Methods and Results—The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study sample consisted of 3154 black and white participants 18 to 30 years of age at year 0 (1985–1986) who attended the year 0, 7, and 20 examinations. Healthy lifestyle factors defined at years 0, 7, and 20 included average body mass index <25 kg/m2, no or moderate alcohol intake, higher healthy diet score, higher physical activity score, and never smoking. Mean age (25 years) and percentage of women (56%) were comparabl...
Imaging interferometric lithography: approaching the resolution limits of optics.

The resolution limits of conventional optical lithography reflect the low-pass spatial-frequency numerical aperture NA/? filter characteristics of the imaging system. Imaging interferometric lithography extends the resolution of optical lithography to the spatial-frequency limits of optics 2/?. Off-axis illumination downshifts the high-frequency components of the mask pattern. An interferometric beam at the wafer upshifts these frequency components back to their original spatial frequencies following the lens. 2× reduction imaging interferometric lithography experiments demonstrate a continuous frequency coverage up to ?3N.A./? with a consequent threefold resolution enhancement.
PELVIC PAIN AND MENSTRUAL RELATED ILLNESSES

When approaching the patient with acute pelvic pain, it is imperative to keep in mind the subtle differences each diagnosis can present with. Narrowing down pelvic pain to a specific location in the body while maintaining a high index of suspicion for acute pelvic pain emergencies will aid in a more rapid and accurate diagnosis. Bear in mind that acute pelvic pain is a clinical challenge, and although an exact diagnosis maybe elusive, emergency treatment should always be provided first and foremost despite an exact diagnosis.
Texture analysis of ultrasound B-scans to aid diagnosis of cancerous lesions in the breast

Ultrasound (US) B-scans in conjunction with mammography reduce the false positive rate intrinsic to mammographic diagnosis by separating cysts from solid tumors. A description is given of the Phase I study whose intent is to decrease further the false positive rate through quantitative analysis of the solid tumors as they appear in US. Two sets of texture parameters were used: run length and Markovian. A two-dimensional combination of one parameter of each set was chosen as the best classifying criteria. A preliminary study of 118 tumors, of which 35 were malignant, shows an improvement of 40% in the false positive rate of the cases whose US was read. It also shows that the texture analysis system (TAS) is far superior to a human professional reader working with the same data. >
Sedimentation in the Beaufort Sea: A Synthesis

Results of past and continuing studies on grain-size distributions, clay mineralogy, suspended loads, and geochemistry of bottom sediments and interstitial waters of the Beaufort Sea are presented.
Evaluation of Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) ovarian cancer quality surgical measures

Abstract Objectives The Society of Gynecologic Oncologists has developed two measures to assess and improve the surgical care of patients with ovarian cancer (1) description of residual disease following cytoreduction and (2) adequacy of surgical staging. Our aim was to establish baseline surgeon compliance with these two measures. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer undergoing surgery between 7/1/2006 and 7/1/2011 for the purposes of staging and/or cytoreduction was performed at the University of Washington and Geisinger Medical Center. Operative and pathology reports were reviewed to obtain information pertaining to stage, histology, residual disease after surgery and the extent of surgical staging. Results 537 cases were identified; 91% with ovarian cancer. 61% of patients had at least stage IIIC disease; 15% had recurrent disease and 16% had neoadjuvant therapy. For patients with stages I–IIIB disease, 74% had full surgical staging, 10% did not have full surgical staging but documented the reason for this in the operative report; 15% did not have full surgical staging, no reason was noted. 25% of all operative reports lacked documentation of residual disease with 40% documenting no gross residual disease, 18% with residual disease 1cm disease remaining. There was a statistically significant increase in appropriate documentation of amount of residual disease over time (p Conclusions Our study sets benchmarks for evaluation of documentation in gynecologic oncology centers. Improved documentation and staging will allow for equivalent standards of care across institutions.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Functional Age: A Twin Study

Twin analyses were conducted to determine the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on functional aging. As part of the ongoing Minnesota Twin Study of Adult Development and Aging (MTSADA), measures of 30 demographic, cognitive, physiological, personality, and behavioral variables were available from 140 monozygotic twin pairs and 97 dizygotic twin pairs ranging in age from 27 to 88 years. Functional age was based on a general linear regression model with chronological age as the dependent variable. Stepwise regression determined the subset of variables by MTSADA providing the best prediction of chronological age. Factor analysis of these 12 variables resulted in three factors: physiological measures, cognitive abilities, and processing speed. When entered into, a regression equation, the three factors accounted for 66% of the variance in chronological age. Analysis of twin similarity for components of functional age suggested the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors varies greatly for different components of functional aging. In addition, the genetic and shared environmental influences on the three components were common to all three, while the nonshared environmental influences were specific to each component.
Predictors of surgical outcome and survival among elderly women diagnosed with ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer

Abstract Objective. To identify perioperative variables that will predict surgical outcome and survival among elderly women diagnosed with ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer. Methods. A retrospective review of 78 women ≥75 years treated for ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer from 1/1/90 to 06/30/04 was performed. Patients were categorized in two groups based on optimal versus suboptimal cytoreductive surgery. Perioperative variables were compared across the two groups by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the impact on survival. Results. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 79.3 years. Overall, 50% of the patients underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery. Patients with low perioperative serum albumin levels were associated with a 2.4-fold increased risk of suboptimal cytoreductive surgery (95%CI 1.02–5.88, p =0.04). Median survival of patients that underwent cytoreductive surgery was 19 months. As expected, survival analysis showed that patients with suboptimal cytoreductive surgery had a lower survival (median=17 months) than patients with optimal surgery (median=62 months, p =0.00). Patients ≥80 years were associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the risk of mortality (95% CI 1.05–3.54, p =0.03), while albumin levels of ≥3.7 g/dl were associated with a 40% reduction in risk of mortality (95% CI 0.41–0.89, p =0.01). Conclusions. Optimal cytoreductive surgery is feasible in many elderly patients. Women ≥80 years and with poor nutritional status are associated with a poor survival outcome. Perioperative variables such as these can be used to identify the elderly patients that are most likely to be suboptimally cytoreduced and thus have a dismal survival outcome.
CREATING COMMUNITY: OFFERING A LIBERATION PEDAGOGICAL MODEL TO FACILITATE DIVERSITY CONVERSATIONS IN MFT GRADUATE CLASSROOMS

Creating a safe place for open classroom engagement on topics of multiculturalism and diversity requires intentionality and honesty. Unless all, professor and students alike, feel safe talking about related issues, the attempt will result in a politically correct exercise in futility. This article focuses on how intentional pedagogical efforts can create a classroom environment conducive to therapeutic self-reflection and result in personal and professional transformation. Offerings include personal reflections, theoretical and pedagogical ideologies and practices, a classroom paradigm as exemplar, critical redefinitions, a survey of other pedagogical endeavors, a template for multicultural instruction, and recommendations.
Antagonism of arginine by excess dietary lysine in the growing dog

Experiments were conducted with growing English Pointer puppies to examine the effects of ingesting excess lysine. A purified crystalline amino acid basal diet containing 0.40% L-arginine (the arginine requirement for maximal weight gain) and 0.91% L-lysine was fed in all assays. All diets were kept isonitrogenous by the addition of diammonium citrate, and lysine was supplied as L-lysine acetate. Both weight gain and gain/feed were reduced in the presence of 4% excess dietary lysine. However, 1 and 2% excess supplemental lysine had no effect on performance. In a second experiment, a growth response to supplemental arginine was obtained in the presence, but not in the absence, of a growth-depressing level of lysine (4%). Therefore, lysine appeared to depress growth by antagonizing arginine. The mechanism of the lysine-arginine antagonism was examined in a third experiment. Classic signs of arginine deficiency: orotic aciduria, depressed urea formation, hyperammonemia, a reduction in weight gain, and emesis were observed in puppies consuming excess lysine but not in their pair-fed controls. Excess lysine ingestion neither inhibited nor induced liver arginase, but it did result in a generalized amino aciduria early in the experiment. In addition, lysine did not appear to affect arginine absorption. Therefore, the mechanism behind the lysine-arginine antagonism in the dog remains to be elucidated.
The Use of Neuroeconomic Games to Examine Social Decision Making in Child and Adolescent Externalizing Disorders

Neuroeconomics is a new, interdisciplinary field in which economics, psychology, computational science, and neuroscience converge to allow for examinations of the neural basis of reward-related decision making in social and nonsocial contexts. The aims of this paper are, first, to discuss recent advances in the use of neuroeconomic games to examine social decision making in children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders, as an alternative to approaches based on Social Information Processing theory and Theory of Mind; and, second, to summarize the potential neuroeconomics holds for the study of social decision making in populations with externalizing (and other) disorders.
MAPping the Function of Phytopathogen Effectors

Pseudomonas syringae secretes effectors from its type III secretion system to infect plants. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Guo et al. (2016) determine that the T3SS effector, HopE1, targets calmodulin and the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-1 to subvert plant immunity.
Inexpensive Trap for Capturing House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Manure Pits of Caged-Layer Poultry Houses

An economical and easily constructed trap that captures large numbers of house flies, Musca domestica L., in dark interior areas such as the manure pits beneath high-rise, caged-layer poultry houses was devised. The trap is a Hodge-type trap with a single 40-W blacklight fluorescent bulb and a reflector. Over a 30-d period, three traps hung in the manure pit of a layer house that had a calculated daily fly population of 1,134,000 flies. Each trap averaged 10,500 flies (1% of the population) per day. The traps required cleaning only once every 30 d.
CCSU Moonbuggy-2 Senior Capstone Design Project, as a Road Map to the Successful Engineering Career and Effective Assessment

The goals of this paper are to: relate the experience of Central Connecticut State University’s (CCSU) 3rd year of using the NASA Great Moonbuggy Race Program as a capstone design project, describe the key steps of the project accomplishment, illuminate its
Locating Bakken microseismic events with simultaneous anisotropic tomography and extended double-difference method

Summary To improve the accuracy of microseismic event location, we developed a double-difference tomographic method for determining the hypocenters and the anisotropy of the earth model. These events are selected from a microseismic dataset monitoring a Middle Bakken completion in the Beaver Lodge area, North Dakota. Geophone arrays in four observation wells improve the ray coverage for the tomography. Our results show: 1) moderate to strong anisotropy exists in all studied sedimentary layers, especially in both Upper Bakken and Lower Bakken shale formations, and the Thomsen parameters (ϵ and γ) can be over 40%; 2) all events used in the joint tomography are located in the Bakken and Lodgepole formations; 3) no large events are located in the Three Forks formation below the Bakken; 4) more than half of the large events are located as two clusters at about 100 and 150 meters above the Middle Bakken. Reoccurrence of large, closely clustered events indicates activation of natural fractures or faults in the Lodgepole formation.
Thiol reduction of arsenite and selenite: DFT modeling of the pathways to an as-se bond.

The reactivity of arsenite and selenite with biological thiols plays an important role in the toxicity of these elements. However, toxic effects are eliminated when the species are coadministered, ...
The Changing Nature of Protestantism in Mid-nineteenth Century America: Henry Ward Beecher's Seven Lectures to Young Men

THE outlook of American Protestantism underwent a marked change in the middle decades of the nineteenth century, a change from an otherworldly perspective to a largely uncritical acceptance of the status quo.1 Various aspects of this transformation have been carefully explored, including the influence on the churches of the Civil War, the rise of the city, and the creation of a "New Theology," but historians have generally overlooked the internal dynamics of this change and have sometimes misunderstood the normative role that religion played in late-nineteenth-century American life. One may gain a better insight into the changing nature of Protestantism at mid-century by examining the career of Henry Ward Beecher and focusing on his popular book, Seven Lectures to Young Men. Henry Ward Beecher's book is clearly not the work of a great mind, but it reveals the assumptions and values of a clergyman who was generally regarded by his contemporaries as the most popular preacher in America.2 As minister to Plymouth Church in Brooklyn from 1847 until his death in 1887, Henry Ward Beecher attracted an enormous following. "Probably no man in the country is more generally known, or regarded with a more personal affection and enthusiasm," declared Harper's Weekly in 1858. "Whenever and wherever he speaks, vast crowds assemble...."3 "No minister in the
The Effect of Chaotic Vibrations on Antenna Characteristics

The radio signal transmitted from a vibrating antenna is modulated producing spectral content that can interfere with a nearby receiver. The additional spectral content is centered at the transmitted RF signal, and with chaotic vibrations, the spectrum has significant content beyond the fundamental frequency of vibration. Thus, the effect of vibration on co-site interference is much greater than expected. A controlled experiment using a monopole antenna driven at 900 MHz and vibrating at 150 Hz has significant RF spectral content extending to 5 kHz.
CRISPR/Cas9: From Genome Engineering to Cancer Drug Discovery

Advances in translational research are often driven by new technologies. The advent of microarrays, next-generation sequencing, proteomics, and RNAi have led to breakthroughs in our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and in the discovery of new cancer drug targets. The discovery of the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system and its subsequent adaptation as a tool for mammalian genome engineering has opened new avenues for functional genomics studies. This review focuses on the utility of CRISPR in the context of cancer drug target discovery.
Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the treehopper tribe Smiliini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae), with reinstatement of the tribe Telamonini

Members of the Smiliini, the nominotypical tribe of the large New World subfamily Smiliinae, are predominately Nearctic in distribution. This tribe included 169 mostly tree-feeding species in 23 genera. A parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of an original dataset comprising 89 traditional and newly discovered morphological characters for 69 species, including representatives of 22 of the 23 described genera of Smiliini and five other previously recognized tribes of the subfamily, resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with three major clades. The broad recent concept of Smiliini (including Telamonini as a junior synonym) was not recovered as monophyletic by the analysis. Instead, the analysis supported narrower definitions of both Telamonini, here reinstated from synonymy, and Smiliini. A key and diagnoses are given to define these tribes, along with discussions of their phylogeny, biogeography, and host plant associations. The genera Antianthe Fowler, Hemicardiacus Plummer, Smilirhexia McKamey, and Tropidarnis Fowler are placed as Smiliinae, incertae sedis. Based on the phylogeny, several genera from both tribes including Atymna Stal, Cyrtolobus Goding, Heliria Stal, and Telamona Fitch are not monophyletic. Diagnostic characters emphasizing the morphological differences between the Smiliini and Telamonini include the dorsal margin of the head, the shape of the pronotum, the size of the pronotal humeral angles, the presence or absence of pronotal longitudinal rugae, the size of forewing cells, variations in the fusion of veins R and M apically in both the foreand hind wing, and the shape of the apex of the female second valvulae. Mapping geographic distribution onto the phylogeny suggests that the common ancestor of the ingroup (all three clades) occurred in Central America and Mexico, with multiple dispersals to temperate North America. Many Smiliini and Telamonini feed on various species of oak (Quercus) and the close evolutionary association between these insects and their hosts is discussed.
Nonlinear interactions isolated through scale synthesis in experimental wall turbulence

An experimental investigation of nonlinear scale interactions in a forced turbulent boundary layer is presented here. A dynamic wall perturbation mechanism was used to externally force two distinct large-scale synthetic modes with well-defined spatial and temporal wave numbers in a fully turbulent flow. The focus is on characterizing the nonlinear flow response at triadically consistent wave numbers that arises from the direct interactions of the two synthetic modes. These experimental results isolate triadic scale interactions in wall turbulence in a unique fashion, and provide the ability to explore the dynamics of scale coupling in a systematic and detailed manner. The ideas advanced here are intended to contribute towards modeling efforts of high-Reynolds-number wall turbulence.
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Presenting as Carcinoma Erysipeloides.

Carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) is a rare but distinctive form of cutaneous metastasis that clinically resembles erysipelas. Herein, we report a case of CE as the presenting feature of recurrent urothelial carcinoma.
Non-litter effects of elevated CO2 on forest floor microarthropod abundances

The arthropod assemblages of the litter and soil play significant roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. At the FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) site at the Duke Forest, we assessed the responses of the litter microarthropod assemblage to elevated CO2 (200 ppm above ambient) in a loblolly pine plantation. Following the initiation of the elevated CO2 treatment, a trend toward lower microarthropod abundance under elevated CO2 emerged. After 18 months, the mean microarthropod abundance was 33% lower in the elevated treatment (P=0.04). The decline was evident in all microarthropod groups, but was significant only in the oribatid mites (P=0.04). Because these responses precede any changes in litter quality resulting from the CO2 treatment, they may reflect plant-derived changes in the soil that are being conveyed into the litter layer.
Dressed to play: An analysis of gender relations in college women’s ultimate Frisbee:

This research examines how college women athletes negotiate gender in the space and context of ultimate Frisbee. The data for this project come from ethnographic research, group interviews, and one-on-one interviews that were conducted while participating on a college women’s ultimate Frisbee team at a large, southeastern public university. Currently, the college ultimate Frisbee series in the United States does not include a mixed or coed division in the college series. Therefore, this work focuses on the following three key processes in college women’s ultimate Frisbee: the attire, the language, and the formation of a supportive community. Findings indicate that these women perform gender identities throughout the culture of college women’s ultimate Frisbee that reshape normative gender relations often found in mainstream sporting culture. These athletes create a sense of comfort by bridging the gap between “female” and “athlete” within this competitive sport. This context allows for a spectrum of gende...
Role of diastolic function indices in the risk stratification of patients with mixed aortic valve disease

Aims Determine the role of diastolic function indices in pre-operative and post-operative risk stratification in patients with moderate mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD). Methods and results A retrospective study was conducted of asymptomatic patients with moderate MAVD (a combination of moderate aortic stenosis and moderate aortic regurgitation) and an ejection fraction of 50% or more who were followed up at Mayo Clinic from 1 January 2004, to 31 December 2013. A pre-requisite for inclusion in the study was assessment of diastolic function involving at least three of the following indices: tissue Doppler early diastolic velocity (e'), mitral inflow early velocity (E), tricuspid regurgitation velocity, and left atrial volume index. Primary endpoints were aortic valve replacement (AVR) or cardiac death while secondary endpoints were cardiovascular adverse events (CAEs) after AVR. We defined CAEs as stroke, heart failure hospitalization, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiac death. There were 214 patients (age 61 ± 8 years, men 146 [68%]) followed for 6.1 ± 2.3 years during which 162 (76%) AVRs and 11 (5%) cardiac deaths occurred. The multivariable risk factors for cardiac death or AVR were relative wall thickness (RWT) > 0.42 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.88 [95% CI, 1.28-2.59]; P = 0.001] and average E/e' >14 (HR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.29-3.01]; P = 0.02). Freedom from CAE after AVR was significantly lower in the patients with baseline RWT >0.42 or mean E/e' >14 than the other patients: 79% (95% CI 74-83%) vs. 94% (95% CI 89-98%) at 3 years (P = 0.03). Conclusion The presence of RWT >0.42 or E/e' >14 identifies a high-risk patient subset whose risk for cardiovascular morbidities persists even after AVR.
The Role of Profit in Advanced Market Economies

During our careers as business economists before entering university research programs, we observed that profitability criteria are key variables not only in investment decisions but also in production decisions after investments are made and goods and services come on stream. Profitability not only determines the level of investments but also the level of output. In our academic careers, we have found that, while there is an extensive theoretical and empirical literature on the relationships between profitability criteria and capital formation activities
After the Prosperous Age: State and Elites in Early Nineteenth-Century Suzhou

Developments in the early nineteenth century Qing Empire have suffered the historiographical misfortune of occurring before the first Opium War (1839–42), an event conventionally used to mark the e...
First Pass Effect: A New Measure for Stroke Thrombectomy Devices.

Background and Purpose—In acute ischemic stroke, fast and complete recanalization of the occluded vessel is associated with improved outcomes. We describe a novel measure for newer generation devic...
Effect of Mouthguard Use on Metabolic and Cardiorespiratory Responses to Aerobic Exercise in Males.

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study investigated the physiological effects of wearing a mouthguard during submaximal treadmill exercise. Method: Twenty-four recreationally active males (Mage = 21.3 ± 2.4 years, Mheight = 1.78 ± 0.06 m, Mweight = 81.9 ± 10.6 kg, Mbody mass index = 25.8 ± 3.4 kg·m−2) performed incremental, continuous exercise at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mph (3.2, 6.4, 9.7, 12.9 kph) for 5 min at each speed on a motor-driven treadmill on 2 separate occasions in a randomized, crossover, counterbalanced design while wearing or not wearing a self-adaptable “boil and bite” mouthguard. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR) data were averaged during the last 60 s of each exercise stage; blood lactate (LA) was measured before exercise and 3 min and 10 min following exercise. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that mouthguard use failed to alter the response of RR, VT, VE, VO2, RER, and HR to tr...
Pertussis Induced Immunomodulation

Bordetellapertussis (pertussis) is a gram negative coccobacillus and was identified to be the etiological agent of “whooping cough” by Bordet and Gengou in 1906 (7). Much of the early work on pertussis was concerned with identifying the protective antigens so that an effective vaccine could be produced for humans. A whole cell vaccine was introduced in the 1940’s and today is administered world-wide to millions of infants (31). The present vaccine appears to be of major benefit in preventing infant whooping cough, but because of its associated toxicity recent emphasis has been placed on developing a non-whole cell, more highly purified vaccine (40).
What Are the Key Paradigms in the Integration of Timeliness and Availability

We address this issue in the context of distributed responsive systems. Their key goal is to provide users with services that are responsive, that is, are timely and fault-tolerant under specified load and failure hypotheses. A user might in its turn provide services to other users, so there can be a complex depends-upon relation between services situated at different levels of abstraction.
The Posterior Adiposity Index: A Quantitative Selection Tool for Adrenalectomy Approach.

BACKGROUND Objective criteria are lacking to determine whether a laparoscopic transabdominal (LA) or retroperitoneoscopic (RP) approach to adrenalectomy is optimal. We hypothesized that imaging characteristics could predict patients for whom RP adrenalectomy is the optimal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing minimally invasive adrenalectomy between 2014 and 2016 (n = 113) at one institution. Imaging measurements included distances between the skin and Gerota's fascia (S-GF), upper borders of adrenal and kidney (A-K), adrenal and 12th rib (A-R), 12th rib and iliac crest (R-IC), and perinephric fat (PNF). These characteristics plus patient body mass index, gender, age, tumor size, and diagnosis were compared with operative time and estimated blood loss using Pearson's correlation or ANOVA. Multivariable linear regression also identified independent predictors of operative time. RESULTS Half of patients underwent LA (n = 57) and RP adrenalectomy (n = 56). Median age was 57 y; 60% were female. Mean tumor size was 3.2 cm. Higher body mass index patients were more likely to undergo LA (P = 0.03). Increasing lesion size modestly correlated with longer operative time (r = 0.341). On bivariate analysis, S-GF and PNF distances moderately correlated with operative time (r = 0.464 and 0.494) for RP procedures. The sum of S-GF and PNF generated a Posterior Adiposity Index (PAI). The PAI strongly correlated with operative time for RP (r = 0.590). Nothing was significantly associated with estimated blood loss. Multivariate analysis revealed larger lesions (P = 0.025) and increasing PAI (P = 0.019) were predictive of longer operative time, with PAI ≥9 conferring the greatest risk (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Smaller tumors and PAI <9 are associated with shorter operative times in RP adrenalectomy. Surgeons can utilize preoperative images to calculate the PAI and determine whether an RP approach would be favorable.